WO2013042611A1 - ウレタン発泡成形体およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
ウレタン発泡成形体およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013042611A1 WO2013042611A1 PCT/JP2012/073505 JP2012073505W WO2013042611A1 WO 2013042611 A1 WO2013042611 A1 WO 2013042611A1 JP 2012073505 W JP2012073505 W JP 2012073505W WO 2013042611 A1 WO2013042611 A1 WO 2013042611A1
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/3403—Foaming under special conditions, e.g. in sub-atmospheric pressure, in or on a liquid
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4829—Polyethers containing at least three hydroxy groups
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
- C08G18/667—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6674—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
- C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
- C08G18/7671—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/08—Ingredients agglomerated by treatment with a binding agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B29K2995/0008—Magnetic or paramagnetic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
- C08J2201/026—Crosslinking before of after foaming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
- C08J2375/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2401/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2401/08—Cellulose derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2429/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2429/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2429/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a urethane foam molded article having high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation, and a method for producing the same.
- Urethane foam moldings are used in various fields such as automobiles and electronic devices as sound absorbing materials and vibration absorbing materials.
- the urethane foam molded article has a large number of cells (bubbles) inside. For this reason, in the case of a normal urethane foam molded article, the thermal conductivity is small and the heat dissipation is poor. Therefore, when it arrange
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose urethane foam molded articles in which magnetic particles are blended in polyurethane foam to improve heat dissipation.
- the above-described magnetic particles and graphite have high conductivity. Therefore, when magnetic particles and graphite are blended, a conduction path is formed in the polyurethane foam by these contacts. For this reason, it is difficult to maintain electrical insulation in the urethane foam molded article. Therefore, even if the heat dissipation is high, the urethane foam molded article cannot be used for applications requiring electrical insulation, such as a heat dissipation member in an electronic device.
- This invention is made
- the urethane foam molded article of the present invention has a base material made of polyurethane foam, and composite particles blended in the base material and aligned and connected to each other,
- the composite particles are characterized by comprising thermally conductive particles made of a non-magnetic material, and magnetic particles and insulating inorganic particles bonded to the surface of the thermally conductive particles with a binder.
- the thermally conductive particles that form the core of the composite particles have a large thermal conductivity.
- the thermally conductive particles themselves are nonmagnetic. However, magnetic particles are adhered to the surface of the heat conductive particles.
- the magnetic particles are oriented along the magnetic field lines in a magnetic field. Therefore, when a magnetic field is applied to the composite particles, the composite particles are oriented along the lines of magnetic force. That is, by compositing the thermally conductive particles and the magnetic particles, the thermally conductive particles made of a non-magnetic material can be oriented using the magnetic field orientation of the magnetic particles.
- the magnetic particles may be directly bonded to the surface of the thermally conductive particles, and indirectly bonded via the insulating inorganic particles, that is, to the surface of the insulating inorganic particles bonded to the thermally conductive particles. May be.
- the oriented composite particles are arranged in the base material in a state of being connected to each other.
- a heat transfer path is formed in the base material.
- the heat applied to one end of the urethane foam molded article of the present invention is transmitted to the other end in the orientation direction via the composite particles, and is quickly released. Therefore, the urethane foam molded article of the present invention is excellent in thermal conductivity. Therefore, even if the urethane foam molded article of the present invention is arranged around a part that generates heat, the temperature rise can be suppressed by effectively radiating heat through the urethane foam molded article.
- high heat conductivity is realizable with a smaller amount of composite particles.
- the smaller the compounding amount of the composite particles the smaller the influence on physical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, and sound absorption characteristics in the urethane foam molded article.
- the composite particles in the substrate may be arranged in a predetermined direction with a certain regularity.
- it may be arranged linearly between one end and the other end of the urethane foam molded body (not necessarily the end opposite to the one end by 180 °) or may be arranged in a curved shape. .
- insulating inorganic particles are adhered to the surface of the heat conductive particles.
- the insulating inorganic particles may be directly bonded to the surface of the heat conductive particles, or indirectly through the magnetic particles, that is, to the surface of the magnetic particles bonded to the heat conductive particles.
- carbon materials and metals are suitable as the thermally conductive particles.
- a ferromagnetic material such as stainless steel is suitable. For this reason, the particle
- the urethane foam molded article of the present invention has both high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation. Therefore, the urethane foam molded article of the present invention can also be used for applications that require both heat dissipation and electrical insulation, such as heat dissipation members in electronic devices.
- the magnetic particles and the insulating inorganic particles are bonded with a binder.
- the binder By using the binder, the magnetic particles and the insulating inorganic particles can be softly adhered to the surface of the thermally conductive particles. Therefore, even when the thermally conductive particles have a shape with a high thermal conductivity (a shape with a large aspect ratio), the magnetic particles and the insulating inorganic particles can be combined without breaking the shape.
- the adhesion amount of a magnetic particle and an insulating inorganic particle can be increased by using a binder. By bonding a large amount of magnetic particles, a desired orientation state of the composite particles can be realized even in a low magnetic field with a magnetic flux density of 350 mT or less.
- an electromagnet is used to form the magnetic field. If foam molding can be performed in a low magnetic field, the gap between the electromagnets arranged with the foaming mold interposed therebetween can be increased. For this reason, the foam mold cavity can be enlarged, and the shape of the product is increased. Moreover, the installation cost and running cost of the electromagnet can be reduced.
- Patent Document 3 describes that the orientation of the graphite powder can be promoted by attaching a ferromagnetic powder to the surface of the graphite powder.
- a mechanochemical method is mentioned as a method for mechanically fixing the particles.
- bonding with a binder is not described.
- the magnetic particles are attached to the surface of the thermally conductive particles without using a binder, it is difficult to increase the amount of magnetic particles attached. That is, in the composite particles without using a binder, the amount of magnetic particles attached is small and the magnetism necessary for orientation is insufficient. For this reason, when the said particle
- the method for producing a urethane foam molded article of the present invention is a method for producing a urethane foam molded article in the case of producing composite particles by a stirring granulation method, wherein the thermal conductivity is measured using a stirring granulator.
- a composite particle manufacturing process for manufacturing powder of the composite particles by stirring the powder of the particles, the powder of the magnetic particles, the powder of the insulating inorganic particles, and the powder raw material containing the binder, and the composite particles manufactured
- heat conductive particles, magnetic particles, insulating inorganic particles, and a powder raw material containing a binder for adhering them are stirred at high speed.
- the powder of a composite particle can be manufactured easily.
- the thermally conductive particles, the magnetic particles, and the insulating inorganic particles can be softly bonded with the binder. Therefore, it can be compounded without breaking the shape of each particle.
- the adhesion amount of a magnetic particle and an insulating inorganic particle can be increased by using a binder. By adhering a large amount of magnetic particles, a desired orientation state of the composite particles can be realized in a subsequent foam molding step with a low magnetic field.
- the conduction between the composite particles can be interrupted by covering the surface of the heat conductive particles with an insulating resin or the like.
- an insulating resin or the like in order to ensure electrical insulation that can withstand high voltages, it is necessary to increase the film thickness of the resin. In this case, it is difficult to coat each of the particles without aggregating the particles.
- the insulating inorganic particles are bonded by the stirring granulation method. Therefore, the insulating inorganic particles can be reliably bonded to the individual heat conductive particles.
- the electrical insulation between the composite particles can be easily adjusted by the particle diameter of the insulating inorganic particles to be bonded.
- the adhesion of the magnetic particles and the insulating inorganic particles can be performed simultaneously, or after the magnetic particles are bonded, the insulating inorganic particles can be bonded continuously. For this reason, the composite particles can be produced efficiently and at low cost.
- the produced composite particle powder, the foamed urethane resin raw material, and, if necessary, the insulating inorganic particle powder are mixed.
- the form in which the insulating inorganic particle powder itself is blended in addition to the composite particle powder will be described in detail in a later embodiment.
- the mixed raw material is foam-molded in a magnetic field.
- the magnetic flux density in the cavity substantially uniform, uneven distribution of the composite particles due to the difference in magnetic flux density can be suppressed. Therefore, even if the compounding amount of the composite particles is relatively small, the composite particles can be oriented while being dispersed throughout the substrate.
- urethane foam molded article and the production method thereof according to the present invention will be described.
- the urethane foam molded article and the method for producing the same according to the present invention are not limited to the following embodiments, and various modifications and improvements that can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention. It can implement with the form of.
- the urethane foam molded article of the present invention has a base material made of polyurethane foam and composite particles blended in the base material and aligned and connected to each other.
- Polyurethane foam is manufactured from foamed urethane resin raw materials such as a polyisocyanate component and a polyol component. Details will be described in the method for producing a urethane foam molded article of the present invention described later.
- the composite particles are composed of heat conductive particles made of a non-magnetic material, and magnetic particles and insulating inorganic particles bonded to the surface of the heat conductive particles with a binder.
- the heat conductive particles may be non-magnetic and have high thermal conductivity.
- diamagnetic materials and paramagnetic materials other than ferromagnetic materials and antiferromagnetic materials are referred to as nonmagnetic materials.
- the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive particles is desirably 200 W / m ⁇ K or more.
- a material of the heat conductive particles for example, a carbon material such as graphite or carbon fiber is suitable. Also, aluminum, gold, silver, copper, and alloys based on these may be used.
- the heat conductive particles one kind of particles may be used or two or more kinds of particles may be used in combination.
- the shape of the heat conductive particles is not particularly limited as long as it can be combined with magnetic particles and insulating inorganic particles.
- various shapes such as a flaky shape, a fibrous shape, a columnar shape, a spherical shape, an elliptical sphere shape, and an oval sphere shape (a shape in which a pair of opposing hemispheres are connected by a cylinder) can be employed.
- the thermally conductive particles have a shape other than a sphere, the contact area between the composite particles increases. As a result, a heat transfer path is easily secured and the amount of heat transferred is increased.
- the shape of metal particles such as aluminum, gold, and copper is spherical.
- the graphite particles even if the graphite particles have a shape with a large aspect ratio, they can be obtained at a lower cost than metal particles. For this reason, graphite is suitable as a material for the thermally conductive particles.
- graphite examples include natural graphite such as scaly graphite, scaly graphite, and earthy graphite, and artificial graphite. Artificial graphite is not easily scaled. For this reason, natural graphite is preferred because it is scaly and has a high effect of improving thermal conductivity.
- expanded graphite in which a substance that generates gas by heating is inserted between scaly graphite layers may be used. Expanded graphite is used as a flame retardant, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 4 above. When heat is applied to expanded graphite, the generated gas expands the layers and forms a stable layer against heat and chemicals. The formed layer becomes a heat-insulating layer and prevents heat transfer, thereby providing a flame retardant effect. Therefore, it is preferable to use at least one of natural graphite particles and expanded graphite particles as the heat conductive particles.
- a urethane foam molded article to which flame retardancy is imparted has a dropping action that suppresses fire spread by dropping a fire type even when exposed to flame.
- the dropping action is impaired, and the self-extinguishing property of the urethane foam molded article may be lowered.
- the composite particles are oriented. For this reason, the heat applied to the urethane foam molded article is easily transmitted to the heat conductive particles. Therefore, when the thermally conductive particles are made of expanded graphite, the expanded graphite reaches the expansion start temperature early. Thereby, the flame-retardant effect by expanded graphite is exhibited rapidly. Therefore, by using expanded graphite as the heat conductive particles, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the self-extinguishing property of the urethane foam molded article and maintain the flame retardancy.
- a suitable one may be selected from known expanded graphite powder in consideration of the expansion start temperature, the expansion rate, and the like.
- the expansion start temperature of expanded graphite must be higher than the exothermic temperature at the time of molding a urethane foam molded article.
- expanded graphite having an expansion start temperature of 150 ° C. or higher is suitable.
- the amount of expanded graphite is 5 mass% or more when the mass of the entire urethane foam molded article is 100 mass%.
- the size of the heat conductive particles may be determined in consideration of dispersibility, an apparatus used for foam molding, and the like. For example, it is desirable that the average particle diameter of the heat conductive particles be 500 ⁇ m or less. 300 ⁇ m or less is more preferable. In the present specification, the length of the longest part of the particle is adopted as the particle diameter.
- the magnetic particles only have to have excellent magnetization characteristics.
- iron, nickel, cobalt, gadolinium, stainless steel, magnetite, maghemite, manganese zinc ferrite, barium ferrite, strontium ferrite and other ferromagnetic materials, MnO, Cr Antiferromagnetic materials such as 2 O 3 , FeCl 2 , and MnAs, and alloys particles using these are preferable.
- iron, nickel, cobalt, and powders of these iron-based alloys are preferable from the viewpoint of easy availability as fine particles and high saturation magnetization.
- the magnetic particles are bonded to the surface of the thermally conductive particles and play a role in orienting the thermally conductive particles.
- the magnetic particles may be directly bonded to the surface of the heat conductive particles, or may be indirectly bonded via insulating inorganic particles. Further, the magnetic particles may be adhered to only a part of the surface of the heat conductive particles or the like, or may be adhered so as to cover the entire surface.
- the size of the magnetic particles may be appropriately determined in consideration of the size of the thermally conductive particles, the orientation of the composite particles, the thermal conductivity between the composite particles, and the like.
- the particle diameter of the magnetic particles is desirably 1/20 or more and 1/10 or less of the particle diameter of the heat conductive particles.
- the average particle size of the magnetic particles needs to be 100 nm or more. It is more preferable that the thickness is 1 ⁇ m or more, further 5 ⁇ m or more.
- the shape of the magnetic particles is not particularly limited.
- the shape of the magnetic particles is flat, the distance between adjacent heat conductive particles is shorter than when the shape is spherical. Thereby, the thermal conductivity between adjacent composite particles is improved. As a result, the thermal conductivity of the urethane foam molding is improved.
- the shape of the magnetic particles is flat, the magnetic particles and the heat conductive particles are in contact with each other on the surface. That is, the contact area between the two becomes large. Thereby, the adhesive force of a magnetic particle and a heat conductive particle improves. Therefore, the magnetic particles are difficult to peel off.
- the thermal conductivity between the magnetic particles and the thermally conductive particles is also improved. For these reasons, it is desirable to employ flaky particles as the magnetic particles.
- the volume ratio of the graphite particles to the magnetic particles in the composite particles is 7: 3 to 5 in consideration of the orientation of the composite particles and the effect of improving the heat conductivity. : 5 is desirable.
- the volume ratio of the magnetic particles is less than 30%, the magnetism necessary for orientation may be insufficient. Further, when the volume ratio of the graphite particles is less than 50%, the effect of improving the thermal conductivity is reduced.
- the insulating inorganic particles may be particles of an inorganic material having insulating properties. Among these, those having relatively high thermal conductivity are desirable from the viewpoint of not inhibiting the thermal conductivity between the composite particles. For example, it is preferable that the thermal conductivity of the insulating inorganic particles is 5 W / m ⁇ K or more.
- the insulating inorganic material having a thermal conductivity of 5 W / m ⁇ K or more include aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide (alumina), magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, and talc.
- the insulating inorganic particles are preferably flame retardant.
- flame retardant aluminum hydroxide is suitable because of its relatively high thermal conductivity and flame retardancy. Aluminum hydroxide is dehydrated and decomposed when heated to a predetermined temperature. Since dehydration decomposition is an endothermic reaction, temperature rise is suppressed and a flame retardant effect is brought about.
- the insulating inorganic particles may be directly bonded to the surface of the heat conductive particles, or may be indirectly bonded via magnetic particles.
- the insulating inorganic particles may be adhered to only a part of the surface of the heat conductive particles or the like, or may be adhered so as to cover the entire surface. From the viewpoint of increasing the electrical resistance between the composite particles and enhancing the electrical insulation properties of the urethane foam molded article, the insulating inorganic particles are desirably disposed on the outermost layer of the composite particles.
- the size of the insulating inorganic particles may be appropriately determined in consideration of the adhesiveness to the heat conductive particles and the magnetic particles, the electric insulation between the composite particles and the heat conductivity. If the insulating inorganic particles are too large, the adhesiveness and the thermal conductivity between the composite particles are lowered.
- the particle diameter of the insulating inorganic particles is preferably 1/100 or more and 1/10 or less of the particle diameter of the heat conductive particles.
- the shape of the insulating inorganic particles is not particularly limited.
- the distance between adjacent heat conductive particles is shorter than that of a spherical shape.
- the thermal conductivity between adjacent composite particles is improved.
- the thermal conductivity of the urethane foam molding is improved.
- the contact area between the insulating inorganic particles, the magnetic particles, and the heat conductive particles is increased.
- adhesive force improves and it becomes difficult to exfoliate insulating inorganic particles.
- the thermal conductivity between the insulating inorganic particles, the magnetic particles, and the heat conductive particles is also improved. For these reasons, it is desirable to employ flaky particles as the insulating inorganic particles.
- the volume ratio of the thermal conductive particles to the insulating inorganic particles in the composite particles is preferably 4: 6 to 3: 7.
- the volume ratio of the insulating inorganic particles is less than 60%, there is a possibility that the electrical insulation of the urethane foam molded article cannot be realized.
- the volume ratio of the insulating inorganic particles exceeds 70%, the effect of improving thermal conductivity is reduced.
- the binder for adhering the heat conductive particles, the magnetic particles and the insulating inorganic particles may be appropriately selected in consideration of the type of the heat conductive particles, the influence on foam molding, and the like.
- a water-soluble binder is preferable because it has little influence on foam molding and is environmentally friendly.
- methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and the like can be mentioned.
- the binder that adheres the magnetic particles and the binder that adheres the insulating inorganic particles may be the same or different.
- the composite particles are produced by bonding thermally conductive particles, magnetic particles, and insulating inorganic particles with a binder.
- a binder for example, it can be manufactured by spraying a powder of heat conductive particles, a powder of heat conductive particles, a powder of magnetic particles, and a powder of insulating inorganic particles dispersed in a solution in which a binder is dissolved.
- a powder raw material containing heat conductive particle powder, magnetic particle powder, insulating inorganic particle powder, and a binder can be produced by stirring at high speed (stir granulation method). In the stirring granulation method, frictional heat is generated by high-speed stirring. For this reason, as a binder, a non-volatile thing is desirable.
- the water-soluble binder described above is suitable.
- the compounding amount of the composite particles is 20% by volume or less when the volume of the urethane foam molded article is 100% by volume. It is desirable to do. It is more suitable when it is 15 volume% or less.
- the compounding amount of the composite particles is desirably 3% by volume or more. It is more suitable when it is 10 volume% or more.
- the urethane foam molded article of the present invention may further have insulating inorganic particles dispersed in the base material. That is, insulating inorganic particles may be dispersed in the base material in addition to the oriented composite particles.
- the insulating inorganic particles dispersed alone in the base material are particles of the above-described inorganic material having insulating properties. When the insulating inorganic particles are dispersed in the base material, the insulating inorganic particles enter between the composite particles, and the composite particles are difficult to conduct. Therefore, the insulating property of the urethane foam molding is further improved.
- the thermal conductivity of the insulating inorganic particles is relatively large, in addition to the heat transfer path by the composite particles, a heat transfer path by the insulating inorganic particles is also formed. Thereby, the heat dissipation of a urethane foam molded object improves more. Moreover, when the insulating inorganic particles have flame retardancy, the amount of the flame retardant in the entire urethane foam molded article increases. Therefore, the flame retardancy of the urethane foam molding is further improved.
- the insulating inorganic particles dispersed in the base material may be the same as or different from the insulating inorganic particles constituting the composite particles. Moreover, the insulating inorganic particles to be dispersed may be one type or two or more types. Again, as the insulating inorganic particles dispersed in the substrate, those having a relatively high thermal conductivity are desirable. For example, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide (alumina), magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, talc and the like are suitable. Of these, aluminum hydroxide having a relatively large thermal conductivity and flame retardancy is preferred.
- the shape of the insulating inorganic particles dispersed in the substrate is not particularly limited, and may be spherical or flaky. Further, the size of the insulating inorganic particles dispersed in the substrate is not particularly limited.
- the median diameter is desirably 1 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the surface area increases as the particle diameter decreases. For this reason, when the median diameter is less than 1 ⁇ m, the viscosity of the mixed raw material (foamed urethane resin raw material + composite particles + insulating inorganic particles) increases at the time of manufacture, making it difficult to mold.
- the median diameter exceeds 20 ⁇ m, the effect of improving thermal conductivity is reduced.
- the blending amount of the insulating inorganic particles dispersed in the base material is preferably 20% by volume or less when the volume of the urethane foam molded body is 100% by volume in consideration of ease of molding. It is more suitable when it is 15 volume% or less. Further, in order to obtain the effect of improving thermal conductivity, it is desirable that the content be 5% by volume or more. 8 vol% or more is more preferable.
- the thermal conductivity of the urethane foam molded article of the present invention is desirably 1 W / m ⁇ K or more.
- the thermal conductivity may be measured according to the heat flow meter method of JIS A1412-2 (1999).
- the volume resistivity of the urethane foam molded article of the present invention is desirably 10 8 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more when a voltage of 1 kV is applied.
- the volume resistivity may be measured according to the parallel terminal electrode method of JIS K6271 (2008).
- the method for producing a urethane foam molded article of the present invention is a production method for producing composite particles by a stirring granulation method, and includes a composite particle production process, a raw material mixing process, and a foam molding process. Hereinafter, each step will be described.
- Composite particle production process uses a stirring granulator to stir a powder raw material containing a powder of heat conductive particles, a powder of magnetic particles, a powder of insulating inorganic particles, and a binder to produce composite particles. It is the process of manufacturing this powder.
- the heat conductive particles, magnetic particles, insulating inorganic particles, and binder are as described above. Therefore, the description is omitted here.
- the thermally conductive particle powder, magnetic particle powder, insulating inorganic particle powder, and binder the magnetic field orientation of the composite particles to be produced and the composite particles were blended into the urethane foam molded article. It may be appropriately adjusted in consideration of the electrical insulation and thermal conductivity of the case.
- the blending amount of the insulating inorganic particle powder is 150 parts by mass or more and 250 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermally conductive particle powder (graphite powder). Is desirable.
- the amount is less than 150 parts by mass, the amount of adhesion of the insulating inorganic particles is small, so that disconnection of conduction between the composite particles becomes insufficient. For this reason, there exists a possibility that the electrical insulation of a urethane foam molding cannot be implement
- it exceeds 250 mass parts the adhesion amount of insulating inorganic particles will increase and the thermal conductivity between composite particles will fall.
- the blending amount of the magnetic particle powder is preferably 100 parts by mass or more and 200 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the graphite powder.
- the amount is less than 100 parts by mass, the amount of adhesion of the magnetic particles is small, so that the magnetism necessary for the orientation of the composite particles may be insufficient.
- the adhesion amount of the magnetic particles becomes excessive. Therefore, an increase in the mass of the urethane foam molded body and an increase in cost are incurred accordingly.
- the blending amount of the binder is desirably 2% by mass or more and 4% by mass or less when the total mass of the powder to be bonded is 100% by mass as an amount necessary and sufficient for coating the particles to be bonded.
- the binder does not reach the surfaces of the heat conductive particles, the magnetic particles, and the insulating inorganic particles, and the adhesiveness decreases.
- it exceeds 4 mass% there exists a possibility that composite particles may aggregate with an excess binder.
- the binder may be solid or liquid. When water-soluble powder is used as the binder, it is preferable to add water after previously stirring the binder and the powder of other raw materials. By doing so, aggregation of particles can be suppressed.
- this step is the first stirring step of stirring the first powder raw material containing the heat conductive particle powder, the magnetic particle powder, and the binder, and the insulating inorganic particle powder and the binder are added to the stirred product. And it is good to comprise so that it may have the 2nd stirring process further stirred.
- This step is a step of mixing the powder of the composite particles produced in the previous step, the foamed urethane resin raw material, and, if necessary, the powder of insulating inorganic particles into a mixed raw material. It is.
- the foamed urethane resin raw material may be prepared from already known raw materials such as polyol and polyisocyanate.
- Polyols include polyhydric hydroxy compounds, polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polymer polyols, polyether polyamines, polyester polyamines, alkylene polyols, urea-dispersed polyols, melamine-modified polyols, polycarbonate polyols, acrylics What is necessary is just to select suitably from polyols, polybutadiene polyols, phenol modified polyols, etc.
- polyisocyanate examples include tolylene diisocyanate, phenylene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, triphenylmethane triisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate, and derivatives thereof (for example, by reaction with polyols). What is necessary is just to select suitably from prepolymers obtained, modified polyisocyanate, etc.).
- a catalyst In addition to the foamed urethane resin raw material, a catalyst, a foaming agent, a foam stabilizer, a plasticizer, a crosslinking agent, a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, a viscosity reducing agent, a stabilizer, a filler, a colorant, and the like may be appropriately blended.
- the catalyst include amine-based catalysts such as tetraethylenediamine, triethylenediamine, and dimethylethanolamine, and organometallic catalysts such as tin laurate and tin octoate.
- water is suitable as the foaming agent.
- methylene chloride In addition to water, methylene chloride, chlorofluorocarbons, CO 2 gas, and the like can be given. Further, silicone foam stabilizers are suitable as the foam stabilizer, and triethanolamine, diethanolamine, and the like are suitable as the crosslinking agent.
- insulating inorganic particles may be dispersed in the base material separately from the composite particles.
- the powder of composite particles and insulating inorganic particles may be mixed with the foamed urethane resin raw material.
- the insulating inorganic particles may be handled in the same manner as the composite particles.
- the mixed raw material can be produced, for example, by mechanically stirring the composite particles and the foamed urethane resin raw material using a propeller or the like. Further, after preparing two kinds of raw materials by adding composite particles to at least one of two components (polyol raw material, polyisocyanate raw material) of the urethane foam resin raw material, both raw materials may be mixed and manufactured. . In the latter case, for example, this step is performed by preparing a polyol raw material containing a polyol, a catalyst, and a foaming agent and a polyisocyanate raw material containing a polyisocyanate as a foamed urethane resin raw material, and the polyol raw material and the polyisocyanate raw material.
- the raw material preparation step of blending composite particles into at least one of the above, the polyol raw material and the polyisocyanate raw material are respectively pumped and supplied to the mixing head, and both raw materials are mixed in the mixing head to obtain a mixed raw material And a mixing step.
- the collision stirring method it is possible to employ a collision stirring method in which a polyol raw material and a polyisocyanate raw material are each injected and collided at a high pressure in the mixing head. According to the collision stirring method, continuous production becomes possible. Therefore, the collision stirring method is suitable for mass production. In addition, according to the collision stirring method, the container cleaning step that is necessary for every mixing is not necessary, and the yield is improved, compared with the mechanical stirring method. Therefore, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- a polyol raw material and a polyisocyanate raw material, in which composite particles are preliminarily blended are each injected by high pressure from an injection hole provided in a mixing head of a high-pressure foaming apparatus to be collided. If the size of the composite particle is larger than the hole diameter of the injection hole, the injection hole is likely to be damaged by the contact of the composite particle. Thereby, there exists a possibility that durability of a mixing head may fall. Moreover, the larger the size of the composite particles, the easier the composite particles settle in the polyol raw material. For this reason, uniform mixing is difficult.
- the maximum length of the composite particles is smaller than the hole diameter of the injection hole into which the polyol raw material and the polyisocyanate raw material are injected. By doing so, it is possible to reduce the load on the mixing head and extend the life of the high-pressure foaming apparatus. Moreover, sedimentation of the composite particles can be suppressed, and an increase in viscosity in the polyol raw material can be reduced.
- the particle diameter (maximum length) of the composite particles is desirably 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the compounding amount of the composite particles is 20 volumes when the volume of the urethane foam molded article is 100% by volume. % Or less is desirable. It is more suitable when it is 15 volume% or less.
- the compounding amount of the composite particles is desirably 3% by volume or more. It is more suitable when it is 10 volume% or more.
- Foam molding step the mixed raw material obtained in the previous step is injected into a foam mold cavity and foam molded while applying a magnetic field so that the magnetic flux density in the cavity is substantially uniform. It is a process.
- the magnetic field may be formed in the direction in which the composite particles are oriented.
- the magnetic lines of force in the foam-type cavity are formed so as to be substantially parallel from one end of the cavity to the other end.
- magnets may be disposed near both surfaces of one end and the other end of the foaming mold so as to sandwich the foaming mold.
- a permanent magnet or an electromagnet may be used as the magnet.
- the magnetic field lines constituting the magnetic field form a closed loop. By doing so, leakage of magnetic field lines is suppressed, and a stable magnetic field can be formed in the cavity.
- a material having a low magnetic permeability that is, a nonmagnetic material.
- a foaming mold made of a magnetic material may be used as appropriate according to the required magnetic field and magnetic field lines.
- the magnetic field is formed so that the magnetic flux density in the cavity is substantially uniform.
- the difference in magnetic flux density in the cavity is preferably within ⁇ 10%. It is more preferable that it is within ⁇ 5%, more preferably within ⁇ 3%.
- the foam molding may be performed with a magnetic flux density of 150 mT or more and 350 mT or less. By carrying out like this, the composite particle in a mixed raw material can be orientated reliably.
- the magnetic field be applied while the viscosity of the foamed urethane resin material is relatively low. If the foamed urethane resin raw material is thickened and a magnetic field is applied when foam molding is completed to some extent, it is difficult to obtain desired thermal conductivity because the composite particles are difficult to orient. In addition, it is not necessary to apply a magnetic field in all the time for performing foam molding.
- the mold is removed to obtain the urethane foam molded article of the present invention.
- a skin layer is formed on at least one of the one end and the other end of the urethane foam molded article depending on the manner of foam molding.
- the skin layer may be excised depending on the use (of course, it may not be excised).
- the flaky stainless steel powder was produced by flattening a spherical stainless steel powder (“DAP410L” manufactured by Daido Steel Co., Ltd., average particle diameter: 10 ⁇ m). Specifically, a spherical stainless steel powder was filled in a planetary ball mill (“Planet-M” manufactured by Gokin Planetaring) together with zirconia balls having a diameter of 5 mm, and processed at a rotational speed of 300 rpm for 1 hour.
- a spherical stainless steel powder (“DAP410L” manufactured by Daido Steel Co., Ltd., average particle diameter: 10 ⁇ m).
- a spherical stainless steel powder was filled in a planetary ball mill (“Planet-M” manufactured by Gokin Planetaring) together with zirconia balls having a diameter of 5 mm, and processed at a rotational speed of 300 rpm for 1 hour.
- the expanded graphite powder, stainless steel powder, and HPMC were put into a container of a high-speed stirring type mixing granulator (“NMG-1L” manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.) and mixed for 3 minutes. Then, water was added and further mixed for 10 minutes (first stirring step). Subsequently, alumina powder and HPMC were added and mixed for 3 minutes. Then, water was added and further mixed for 10 minutes (second stirring step). After the obtained powder was dried, it was sieved with a sieve having an opening of 500 ⁇ m to collect particles having a maximum length of 500 ⁇ m or less. Thus, the composite particle powder of Example 1 was produced.
- NMG-1L manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.
- the insulating inorganic particles were changed to aluminum hydroxide powder (“Hijilite (registered trademark) H32” manufactured by Showa Denko KK, median diameter: 8 ⁇ m), and in the same manner as described above, the composite particle powder of Example 2 was used. Manufactured.
- the amount of raw material is shown in Table 1 below.
- the volume ratio of the expanded graphite particles to the stainless steel particles was about 6: 4.
- the volume ratio of the expanded graphite particles to the alumina particles was about 4: 6.
- the volume ratio of the expanded graphite particles to the aluminum hydroxide particles was about 3.5: 6.5.
- Comparative example Three types of composite particles were produced by changing the blending amount of aluminum hydroxide powder as insulating inorganic particles.
- Comparative Example 3 only the stainless steel particles were combined with the expanded graphite particles without blending the aluminum hydroxide powder (see Table 1).
- the volume ratio of expanded graphite particles to aluminum hydroxide particles was about 2.5: 7.5.
- the volume ratio of expanded graphite particles to aluminum hydroxide particles was about 5: 5.
- FIG. 1 shows an SEM photograph of the composite particles of Example 2 (magnification 500 times).
- FIG. 2 shows an SEM photograph of the composite particles of Comparative Example 3 (magnification 500 times).
- FIG. 2 shows an SEM photograph of the composite particles of Comparative Example 3 (magnification 500 times).
- FIG. 2 shows an SEM photograph of the composite particles of Comparative Example 3 (magnification 500 times).
- FIG. 2 shows an SEM photograph of the composite particles of Comparative Example 3 (magnification 500 times).
- the stainless steel particles are adhered to the surface of the expanded graphite particles.
- FIG. 1 shows that the stainless steel particles are bonded to the surface of the expanded graphite particles, and the aluminum hydroxide particles are bonded thereon. That is, in the composite particles of Example 2, the aluminum hydroxide particles are arranged on the outermost surface.
- urethane foam raw material was prepared as follows.
- Polyether polyol as a polyol component (“S-0248” manufactured by Sumika Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd., average molecular weight 6000, functional group number 3, OH value 28 mg KOH / g) 100 parts by mass and cross-linking agent diethylene glycol (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) 2 parts by mass), 2 parts by mass of foaming water, 1 part by mass of a tetraethylenediamine catalyst (“Kaorizer (registered trademark) No.
- a polyol raw material was prepared by mixing 0.5 part by mass of “SZ-1313” manufactured by Dow Corning Co., Ltd.
- MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- each of the prepared composite particles was blended with the prepared foamed urethane resin raw material to prepare five types of mixed raw materials.
- the composite foam material of Example 2 and aluminum hydroxide powder (same as above) were blended with the prepared foamed urethane resin material to prepare a mixed material.
- the compounding amount of the aluminum hydroxide powder was 8% by volume when the volume of the urethane foam molded article to be produced was 100% by volume.
- the compounding amount of the composite particles was 19% by volume when the volume of the urethane foam molded article to be produced was 100% by volume.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the magnetic induction foam molding apparatus.
- FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of the apparatus. In FIG. 4, the hatching of the yoke portion and the core portion is omitted for convenience of explanation.
- the magnetic induction foam molding apparatus 1 includes a gantry 2, an electromagnet unit 3, and a foaming mold 4.
- the electromagnet unit 3 is placed on the upper surface of the gantry 2.
- the electromagnet unit 3 and the gantry 2 are fixed by screwing a bracket 21 to each.
- the electromagnet portion 3 includes yoke portions 30U and 30D, coil portions 31L and 31R, and pole pieces 32U and 32D.
- the yoke portion 30U is made of iron and has a flat plate shape.
- the yoke part 30D is made of iron and has a flat plate shape.
- the yoke portions 30U and 30D are arranged to face each other in the vertical direction.
- the coil part 31L is interposed between the yoke parts 30U and 30D.
- the coil part 31 ⁇ / b> L is disposed on the left side of the foaming mold 4.
- Two coil portions 31L are arranged in the vertical direction.
- Each of the coil portions 31L includes a core portion 310L and a conductive wire 311L.
- the core portion 310L is made of iron and has a columnar shape extending in the vertical direction.
- the conducting wire 311L is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the core portion 310L.
- the conducting wire 311L is connected to a power source (not shown).
- the coil portion 31R is interposed between the yoke portions 30U and 30D.
- the coil portion 31 ⁇ / b> R is disposed on the right side of the foaming mold 4.
- Two coil portions 31 ⁇ / b> R are arranged in the vertical direction.
- the coil portions 31R each have the same configuration as the coil portion 31L. That is, the coil portion 31R includes a core portion 310R and a conducting wire 311R.
- the conducting wire 311R is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the core portion 310R.
- the conducting wire 311R is connected to a power source (not shown).
- the pole piece 32U is made of iron and has a flat plate shape.
- the pole piece 32U is disposed at the center of the lower surface of the yoke portion 30U.
- the pole piece 32U is interposed between the yoke portion 30U and the foaming mold 4.
- the pole piece 32D is made of iron and has a flat plate shape.
- the pole piece 32D is disposed at the center of the upper surface of the yoke portion 30D.
- the pole piece 32D is interposed between the yoke portion 30D and the foaming mold 4.
- the foaming mold 4 is disposed between the coil part 31L and the coil part 31R.
- the foaming mold 4 includes an upper mold 40U and a lower mold 40D.
- the upper mold 40U has a square plate shape.
- the lower mold 40D has a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- a recess is formed on the upper surface of the lower mold 40D.
- the recess has a rectangular parallelepiped shape that opens upward.
- Magnetic field lines L radiated from the upper end of the core portion 310L of the coil portion 31L flow into the cavity 41 of the foaming mold 4 through the yoke portion 30U and the pole piece 32U. Then, it flows into the lower end of the core part 310L through the pole piece 32D and the yoke part 30D.
- the lines of magnetic force L radiated from the upper end of the core portion 310R of the coil portion 31R flow into the cavity 41 of the foaming mold 4 through the yoke portion 30U and the pole piece 32U. Then, it flows into the lower end of the core portion 310R through the pole piece 32D and the yoke portion 30D.
- the magnetic lines L constitute a closed loop, the leakage of the magnetic lines L is suppressed.
- a uniform magnetic field is formed by magnetic lines of force L that are substantially parallel from the top to the bottom.
- the magnetic flux density in the cavity 41 was about 300 mT. Further, the difference in magnetic flux density in the cavity 41 was within ⁇ 3%.
- Foam molding was performed while applying a magnetic field for the first approximately 2 minutes and without applying a magnetic field for the subsequent approximately 5 minutes. After the foam molding was completed, the mold was removed to obtain a urethane foam molded article. The obtained urethane foam moldings were numbered in correspondence with the composite particle numbers. Moreover, about the urethane foam molded article containing aluminum hydroxide powder in addition to the composite particles, the urethane foam molded article of Example 3 was used. When the cross section of each urethane foam molded article was visually observed, the composite particles were connected to each other and oriented. In the urethane foam molded body of Example 3, aluminum hydroxide particles were dispersed in the polyurethane foam (base material).
- Thermal conductivity of the urethane foam molding was measured using “HC-110” manufactured by Eihiro Seiki Co., Ltd., which conforms to the heat flow meter method of JIS A1412-2 (1999).
- the urethane foam moldings of Examples 1 to 3 satisfy both the thermal conductivity of 1 W / m ⁇ K or more and the volume resistivity of 10 8 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more. .
- both the thermal conductivity and the volume resistivity were higher.
- the urethane foam moldings of Examples 1 to 3 have high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation.
- the thermal conductivity is high, electrical insulation cannot be realized.
- the thermal conductivity and volume resistivity of the urethane foam molded product varied depending on the blending amount of the insulating inorganic particles when producing the composite particles.
- the volume resistivity was large but the thermal conductivity was small.
- the adhesion amount of insulating inorganic particles will increase. This increases the distance between adjacent heat conductive particles. This increases the electrical resistance between the composite particles, but decreases the thermal conductivity. Therefore, although the electrical insulation of the urethane foam molding can be realized, the desired thermal conductivity cannot be obtained.
- the urethane foam molded article of the present invention can be used in a wide range of fields such as automobiles, electronic equipment, and architecture. In addition to heat dissipation, it can also be used for applications that require high flame retardancy. For example, soundproof tires to reduce noise caused by road surface unevenness, engine covers and side covers arranged in the engine room of vehicles to reduce engine noise, motors for office automation (OA) equipment and household appliances It is suitable as a sound absorbing material for a computer, a heat radiating sound absorbing material for an electronic device such as a personal computer, a sound absorbing material for inner and outer walls of a house, and a vibration isolating material used for a reactor for a power conditioner of a solar power generation system.
- OA office automation
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Abstract
Description
本発明のウレタン発泡成形体は、ポリウレタンフォームからなる基材と、該基材中に配合され互いに連接して配向している複合粒子と、を有する。
本発明のウレタン発泡成形体の製造方法は、複合粒子を撹拌造粒法により製造する場合の製造方法であって、複合粒子製造工程と、原料混合工程と、発泡成形工程と、を有する。以下、各工程について説明する。
本工程は、撹拌造粒機を用いて、熱伝導性粒子の粉末、磁性粒子の粉末、絶縁性無機粒子の粉末、およびバインダーを含む粉末原料を撹拌し、複合粒子の粉末を製造する工程である。
本工程は、先の工程において製造された複合粒子の粉末と、発泡ウレタン樹脂原料と、必要に応じて絶縁性無機粒子の粉末と、を混合して混合原料とする工程である。
本工程は、先の工程において得られた混合原料を、発泡型のキャビティ内に注入し、該キャビティ内の磁束密度が略均一になるように磁場をかけながら発泡成形する工程である。
[実施例]
絶縁性無機粒子が異なる二種類の複合粒子を製造した。まず、熱伝導性粒子としての膨張黒鉛粉末(三洋貿易(株)から購入した「SYZR502FP」、熱伝導率250W/m・K、平均粒子径300μm)と、磁性粒子としてのステンレス鋼粉末(SUS410L、薄片状、平均粒子径20μm)と、絶縁性無機粒子としてのアルミナ粉末(昭和電工(株)製「AL-43KT」、メディアン径4.6μm)と、バインダーとしてのヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(HPMC、信越化学工業(株)製「TC-5」)と、を準備した。上記薄片状のステンレス鋼粉末は、球状のステンレス鋼粉末(大同特殊鋼(株)製「DAP410L」、平均粒子径10μm)を、扁平化処理して製造した。すなわち、球状のステンレス鋼粉末を、遊星ボールミル(Gokin Planetaring社製「Planet-M」)に、直径5mmのジルコニア製ボールと共に充填し、回転速度300rpmで1時間、処理した。
絶縁性無機粒子としての水酸化アルミニウム粉末の配合量を変更して、三種類の複合粒子を製造した。なお、比較例3については、水酸化アルミニウム粉末を配合せずに、膨張黒鉛粒子にステンレス鋼粒子だけを複合化した(表1参照)。比較例1の複合粒子において、膨張黒鉛粒子と水酸化アルミニウム粒子との体積比は、約2.5:7.5であった。また、比較例2の複合粒子において、膨張黒鉛粒子と水酸化アルミニウム粒子との体積比は、約5:5であった。
製造した複合粒子の粉末を、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)にて観察した。図1に、実施例2の複合粒子のSEM写真を示す(倍率500倍)。図2に、比較例3の複合粒子のSEM写真を示す(倍率500倍)。図2に示すように、比較例3の複合粒子においては、膨張黒鉛粒子の表面にステンレス鋼粒子が接着されていることが確認できる。一方、図1に示すように、実施例2の複合粒子においては、膨張黒鉛粒子の表面にステンレス鋼粒子が接着されており、その上に水酸化アルミニウム粒子が接着されていることが確認できる。つまり、実施例2の複合粒子においては、水酸化アルミニウム粒子が最表面に配置されている。
製造した複合粒子を用いて、ウレタン発泡成形体を製造した。まず、発泡ウレタン樹脂原料を、次のようにして調製した。ポリオール成分のポリエーテルポリオール(住化バイエルウレタン(株)製「S-0248」、平均分子量6000、官能基数3、OH価28mgKOH/g)100質量部と、架橋剤のジエチレングリコール(三菱化学(株)製)2質量部と、発泡剤の水2質量部と、テトラエチレンジアミン系触媒(花王(株)製「カオーライザー(登録商標)No.31」)1質量部と、シリコーン系整泡剤(東レ・ダウコーニング(株)製「SZ-1313」)0.5質量部と、を混合して、ポリオール原料を調製した。調製したポリオール原料に、ポリイソシアネート成分のジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)(BASFINOACポリウレタン(株)製「NE1320B」、NCO=44.8wt%)を加えて混合し、発泡ウレタン樹脂原料とした。ここで、ポリオール成分とポリイソシアネート成分との配合比(PO:ISO)は、両者の合計質量を100%として、PO:ISO=78.5:21.5とした。
製造したウレタン発泡成形体について、熱伝導性、電気絶縁性、および難燃性を評価した。以下、各々の評価方法について説明する。
ウレタン発泡成形体の熱伝導率を、JIS A1412-2(1999)の熱流計法に準拠した、英弘精機(株)製「HC-110」を用いて測定した。
ウレタン発泡成形体の体積抵抗率を、JIS K6271(2008)の平行端子電極法に準じて測定した。印加電圧は、1kVとした。
ウレタン発泡成形体の難燃性を、米国のUnderwriters Laboratories,Inc.により制定された燃焼試験規格(UL94)に基づいて、評価した。そして、「V-0」の判定基準を満たした場合を、合格(表1中○印で示す)と評価した。
Claims (14)
- ポリウレタンフォームからなる基材と、該基材中に配合され互いに連接して配向している複合粒子と、を有し、
該複合粒子は、非磁性体からなる熱伝導性粒子と、該熱伝導性粒子の表面にバインダーにより接着された磁性粒子および絶縁性無機粒子と、からなることを特徴とするウレタン発泡成形体。 - 前記複合粒子の最表層には、前記絶縁性無機粒子が配置されている請求項1に記載のウレタン発泡成形体。
- 前記絶縁性無機粒子の熱伝導率は、5W/m・K以上である請求項1または請求項2に記載のウレタン発泡成形体。
- 前記絶縁性無機粒子は、水酸化アルミニウム、酸化アルミニウム、水酸化マグネシウム、酸化マグネシウム、タルクから選ばれる一種以上である請求項3に記載のウレタン発泡成形体。
- 前記絶縁性無機粒子の粒子径は、前記熱伝導性粒子の粒子径の1/100以上1/10以下である請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれかに記載のウレタン発泡成形体。
- 前記複合粒子における前記熱伝導性粒子と前記絶縁性無機粒子との体積割合は、4:6~3:7である請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれかに記載のウレタン発泡成形体。
- 前記熱伝導性粒子は、天然黒鉛粒子および膨張黒鉛粒子の少なくとも一方である請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれかに記載のウレタン発泡成形体。
- 前記バインダーは、メチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ポリビニルアルコールから選ばれる一種以上である請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれかに記載のウレタン発泡成形体。
- 熱伝導率は1W/m・K以上、かつ、1kVの電圧印加時の体積抵抗率は108Ω・cm以上である請求項1ないし請求項8のいずれかに記載のウレタン発泡成形体。
- さらに、前記基材中に分散される前記絶縁性無機粒子を有する請求項1ないし請求項9のいずれかに記載のウレタン発泡成形体。
- 前記複合粒子は、撹拌造粒法により製造されている請求項1ないし請求項10のいずれかに記載のウレタン発泡成形体。
- 請求項11に記載のウレタン発泡成形体の製造方法であって、
撹拌造粒機を用いて、前記熱伝導性粒子の粉末、前記磁性粒子の粉末、前記絶縁性無機粒子の粉末、および前記バインダーを含む粉末原料を撹拌し、前記複合粒子の粉末を製造する複合粒子製造工程と、
製造された該複合粒子の粉末と、発泡ウレタン樹脂原料と、必要に応じて前記絶縁性無機粒子の粉末と、を混合して混合原料とする原料混合工程と、
該混合原料を発泡型のキャビティ内に注入し、該キャビティ内の磁束密度が略均一になるように磁場をかけながら発泡成形する発泡成形工程と、
を有することを特徴とするウレタン発泡成形体の製造方法。 - 前記複合粒子製造工程は、前記熱伝導性粒子の粉末、前記磁性粒子の粉末、および前記バインダーを含む第一粉末原料を撹拌する第一撹拌工程と、撹拌物に、前記絶縁性無機粒子の粉末および該バインダーを添加して、さらに撹拌する第二撹拌工程と、を有する請求項12に記載のウレタン発泡成形体の製造方法。
- 前記複合粒子製造工程において、前記絶縁性無機粒子の粉末の配合量は、前記熱伝導性粒子の粉末100質量部に対して150質量部以上250質量部以下である請求項12または請求項13に記載のウレタン発泡成形体の製造方法。
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