WO2013031865A1 - 高効率電力増幅器 - Google Patents
高効率電力増幅器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013031865A1 WO2013031865A1 PCT/JP2012/071909 JP2012071909W WO2013031865A1 WO 2013031865 A1 WO2013031865 A1 WO 2013031865A1 JP 2012071909 W JP2012071909 W JP 2012071909W WO 2013031865 A1 WO2013031865 A1 WO 2013031865A1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical group [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010754 BS 2869 Class F Substances 0.000 description 34
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010753 BS 2869 Class E Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
- H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/56—Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/189—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
- H03F3/19—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/193—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only with field-effect devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/217—Class D power amplifiers; Switching amplifiers
- H03F3/2171—Class D power amplifiers; Switching amplifiers with field-effect devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/24—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages
- H03F3/245—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages with semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/60—Amplifiers in which coupling networks have distributed constants, e.g. with waveguide resonators
- H03F3/601—Amplifiers in which coupling networks have distributed constants, e.g. with waveguide resonators using FET's, e.g. GaAs FET's
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- H03F2200/309—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the loading circuit of an amplifying stage being a series resonance circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
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- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/315—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the loading circuit of an amplifying stage comprising a transmission line
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- H03F2200/387—A circuit being added at the output of an amplifier to adapt the output impedance of the amplifier
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power amplifier, and more particularly, to a power amplifier having improved power efficiency by suppressing the average power consumption of harmonics in the power amplifier.
- class F amplification and inverse class F amplification As a method for controlling harmonic components and suppressing reduction in added power efficiency, a method using class F amplification and inverse class F amplification is known.
- class F amplification and inverse class F amplification the voltage and current on the output side of the transistor are separated in the time domain. More specifically, in class F amplification, the voltage is a square wave, the current is a sine half wave, and the voltage and current alternate to zero level. On the contrary, in the reverse class F amplification, the current is a square wave, the voltage is a sine half wave, and the voltage and the current are alternately at a zero level.
- FIG. 1A is a graph group showing an example of a time change in a current flowing into a transistor and a voltage generated at an output terminal of the transistor of the class F amplifier.
- the current flowing into the transistor is, for example, a drain current
- the voltage generated at the output terminal of the transistor is, for example, a drain-source voltage.
- the graph group in FIG. 1A includes a first graph 1Ai that shows the current flowing into the transistor, and a second graph 1Av that shows the voltage generated at the output terminal of the transistor.
- the horizontal axis indicates the passage of time with the period of the fundamental frequency as a unit
- the vertical axis indicates the amplitude of current and voltage.
- the current i d (t) shown in the first graph 1Ai and the voltage v ds (t) shown in the second graph 1Av are expressed by the following equation (1).
- the drain-source voltage becomes zero level, and when the drain current is generated, the drain-source voltage is zero. It is formed to be a level. Therefore, the power consumed inside the transistor of the class F amplifier is zero, and the average power consumption is also zero. As a result, the class F amplifier can theoretically obtain 100% power efficiency. The same applies to the inverse class F amplifier.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 4335633 discloses an invention relating to a class F amplifier circuit and an additional circuit for a class F amplifier.
- the class F amplifier circuit includes a transistor and a load circuit connected to the subsequent stage of the transistor.
- the load circuit includes a first reactance two-terminal circuit and a second reactance two-terminal circuit. Each impedance has a zero at even harmonics and a pole at odd harmonics as needed.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-55152 discloses an invention relating to an amplifier circuit.
- the amplifier circuit includes a transistor, a harmonic processing circuit connected to the subsequent stage of the transistor, and a resonance circuit unit connected to the subsequent stage of the harmonic processing circuit.
- This transistor can be expressed as an equivalent circuit having a current source, a drain-source capacitance, and a drain inductance.
- This harmonic processing circuit has an n-stage ladder circuit in which each stage includes a parallel capacitor and a series inductor.
- n is an integer of 1 or more.
- This resonance circuit unit has 2n + 1 resonators having different resonance frequencies.
- the resonance frequency of these 2n + 1 resonators is the frequency of n + 1 poles and n zeros formed between the drain output part of the transistor and the ground plane when the output part of the harmonic processing circuit is short-circuited. Each matches.
- the resonance frequency of the 2n resonators matches the frequency of the second to 2n + 1 harmonics.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-668359 discloses an invention relating to a microwave harmonic processing circuit.
- the microwave harmonic processing circuit includes a serial transmission line and a plurality of parallel tip open stubs connected in parallel at one point to an output terminal of the serial transmission line.
- This serial transmission line has an input terminal connected to the output terminal of the transistor and a predetermined electrical length.
- Each of the plurality of parallel open end stubs has a predetermined electrical length with respect to higher harmonics of the second order and up to the nth order.
- n is an arbitrary integer
- the total number of parallel tip open stubs is n-1.
- the microwave harmonic processing circuit includes a first transmission line layer, a second transmission line layer, a ground layer, and a via.
- the first transmission line layer is configured by connecting a serial transmission line and two parallel tip open stubs out of n ⁇ 1 parallel tip open stubs at one connection point.
- the second transmission line layer is configured by connecting n-3 parallel tip open stubs excluding these two parallel tip open stubs at one connection point.
- the ground layer is disposed between the first transmission line layer and the second transmission line layer.
- the via electrically connects the connection point in the first transmission line layer and the connection point in the second transmission line layer.
- the class F amplifier and the inverse class F amplifier realize extremely excellent power efficiency.
- a large amplitude is required as a harmonic component, that is, a transistor with higher high-frequency performance is required.
- the class F amplifier and the inverse class F amplifier are easily affected by circuit loss, it may be relatively difficult to realize the ideal state particularly in the microwave band.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a high efficiency power amplifier that is relatively easy to realize even in a high frequency band including a microwave band.
- the high efficiency power amplifier includes a transistor (10) and an output power processing circuit unit (30).
- the transistor (10) amplifies input power having a fundamental angular frequency component in current and voltage, and outputs output power.
- the output power processing circuit unit (30) is connected to the subsequent stage of the transistor (10).
- the output power processing circuit unit (10) includes an output matching circuit unit (32) and an output harmonic processing circuit unit (31).
- the output matching circuit section (32) performs impedance matching in the basic angular frequency component of the output power.
- the output harmonic processing circuit section (31) is formed so that reactive power is converted into a plurality of harmonic components each having a plurality of harmonic angular frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental angular frequency.
- the output harmonic processing circuit section (31) is formed so as to realize reactive power generation by orthogonalizing the phases of current and voltage in output power in at least one of a plurality of harmonic components.
- an output power processing circuit unit for converting the harmonic component of the output power to reactive power is provided at the subsequent stage of the transistor.
- the output power processing circuit unit converts at least part of the harmonic components into reactive power by making the current and voltage phases orthogonal.
- FIG. 1A is a graph group showing an example of a time change in a current flowing into a transistor and a voltage generated at an output terminal of the transistor of the class F amplifier.
- FIG. 1B is a graph group showing an example of temporal changes in the current flowing into the transistor and the voltage generated at the output terminal of the transistor when the phase is orthogonal for each harmonic.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a basic configuration of the high efficiency power amplifier according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing an implementation example of the configuration of the high efficiency power amplifier according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A is a plan view of an input power processing circuit unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4B is a plan view of an output power processing circuit unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a Smith chart showing the results obtained by measuring the characteristics of the high efficiency power amplifier according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graph group showing the results of measuring the power efficiency in the 5.7 Ghz band of the high efficiency power amplifier according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the current flowing into the transistor and the voltage generated at the output terminal of the transistor are separated in the time domain to reduce the power consumption by the transistor like a class F amplifier or an inverse class F amplifier.
- a method of making reactive power by making the phases of harmonic current and voltage orthogonal is conceivable.
- the method of orthogonalizing the phase of the harmonic current and voltage is used in combination with the method of the class F amplifier or the inverse class F amplifier, or by using it alone. The harmonic power consumption is suppressed.
- FIG. 1B is a graph group showing an example of temporal changes in the current flowing into the transistor and the voltage generated at the output terminal of the transistor when the phase is orthogonal for each harmonic.
- the graph group in FIG. 1B includes a first graph 1Bi that shows the current flowing into the transistor, and a second graph 1Bv that shows the voltage generated at the output terminal of the transistor.
- the horizontal axis indicates the passage of time with the period of the fundamental frequency as a unit
- the vertical axis indicates the amplitude of current and voltage.
- the current i d (t) shown in the first graph 1Bi and the voltage v ds (t) shown in the second graph 1Bv are expressed by the following equation (2).
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram conceptually showing the basic structure of the high-efficiency power amplifier according to the embodiment of the present invention. The components of the high efficiency power amplifier shown in FIG. 2 will be described.
- the high-efficiency power amplifier shown in FIG. 2 includes a transistor 10, a power supply circuit unit 20, an output power processing circuit unit 30, an input unit 50, and an output unit 60.
- the power supply circuit unit 20 includes a power supply 21 and an impedance circuit unit 22.
- the transistor 10 includes a drain 11, a gate 12, and a source 13.
- the output power processing circuit unit 30 includes an output harmonic processing circuit unit 31 and an output matching circuit unit 32.
- the transistor 10 In the example of FIG. 2, a GaN (gallium nitride) HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) is used as the transistor 10, but the present invention is not limited to this example.
- the transistor 10 may be a bipolar transistor, a MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) FET (Field Effect Transistor), or the like. However, in that case, the surrounding circuits are changed as necessary.
- the input unit 50 is connected to the gate 12 of the transistor 10. One end of the power source 21 is grounded. The other end of the power source 21 is connected to one end of the impedance circuit unit 22. The other end of the impedance circuit unit 22 is commonly connected to the drain 11 of the transistor 10 and the input unit of the output harmonic processing circuit unit 31. The source 13 of the transistor 10 is grounded.
- the output unit of the output harmonic processing circuit unit 31 is connected to the input unit of the output matching circuit unit 32.
- the output unit of the output matching circuit unit 32 is connected to the output unit 60. In FIG. 2, the output matching circuit unit 32 is grounded, but may not be grounded. Further, the output unit 60 may be connected to an external load 40 as shown in FIG.
- the transistor 10 receives input power having a basic angular frequency ⁇ 0 from the gate 12.
- the transistor 10 amplifies input power while being supplied with power from the power supply circuit unit 20, and outputs the amplified output power from the drain 11.
- the current 2i flowing through the drain 11 in FIG. 2 indicates the output power current i d (t).
- the voltage 2v between the drain 11 and the source 13 is the output power voltage v ds (t ).
- the output power outputted from the transistor 10 not only the fundamental wave component having a fundamental angular frequency omega 0 contains harmonics component having an integer multiple of the angular frequency of the fundamental angular frequency omega 0 It is common. If these harmonic components are consumed in the amplifier, the efficiency of the amplifier is reduced.
- the output harmonic processing circuit unit 31 is connected to the subsequent stage of the transistor 10 to make most of the harmonic components of the output power reactive power.
- the output harmonic processing circuit unit 31 includes first to third harmonic processing circuit units.
- the first harmonic processing circuit unit converts the second harmonic component having an angular frequency 2 ⁇ 0 that is twice the basic angular frequency ⁇ 0 out of the output power to reactive power.
- the second harmonic processing circuit unit converts reactive power to a third harmonic component having an angular frequency 3 ⁇ 0 that is three times the basic angular frequency ⁇ 0 in the output power.
- the third harmonic processing circuit unit converts reactive power to a fourth harmonic component having an angular frequency 4 ⁇ 0 that is four times the basic angular frequency ⁇ 0 in the output power. Note that the reactive harmonics are not consumed inside the high-efficiency power amplifier, but are eventually output as fundamental wave components, so reactive power contributes to improved power amplification efficiency. Will do.
- a method of class F amplifier or inverse class F amplifier in which the voltage and current are alternately adjusted to zero level for each harmonic. ing.
- the present invention never denies this technique, but in order to further promote the suppression of harmonic components, a reactive power technique that adjusts the phase of voltage and current to be orthogonal for each harmonic, Introduce to some or all of the harmonics. That is, some of the harmonics selected as control targets are converted into reactive power by making the phase of voltage and current orthogonal, and the rest of the harmonics are generated in the transistor using the method of class F amplifier or inverse class F amplifier. Zero power consumption.
- reactive power is generated by making the phase of the voltage and current orthogonal for the fourth and subsequent harmonic components, and for the second and third harmonic components, a transistor is used by using a class F amplifier or an inverse class F amplifier.
- the power consumption inside is reduced to zero.
- the odd-order (even-order) harmonic components are converted to reactive power by making the voltage and current phases orthogonal to each other, and the even-order (odd-order) harmonic components are used as a class F amplifier or an inverse class F amplifier. Is used to zero the power consumption in the transistor.
- all of the harmonics selected as the control target may be converted to reactive power by making the voltage and current phases orthogonal.
- an effect of providing further freedom in the design of the output harmonic processing circuit unit 31 or the output power processing circuit unit 30 can be obtained.
- a microstrip line is used for zero power consumption for class F amplification or inverse class F amplification, it may be necessary to collect a plurality of open-ended stubs at the same connection point. Geometrical difficulties can occur.
- the position where the open-ended stub should be connected is converted into the electrical length of the desired fundamental wave component, and is at a distance of a quarter wavelength from the output part of the transistor 10 (drain 11 in the case of FIG. 3). is there.
- this distance is slightly shorter than a quarter wavelength in consideration of the parasitic capacitance of the transistor 10.
- a microstrip line is used to make the current and voltage phases orthogonal, a plurality of open-ended stubs can be distributed to a plurality of connection points respectively arranged at arbitrary positions of the main line part 34. And geometrical difficulties are unlikely to occur in their arrangement.
- the output matching circuit unit 32 performs impedance matching with the subsequent stage for the fundamental wave component of the output power. Since impedance matching is the same as in the prior art, further detailed description is omitted. However, the output matching circuit unit 32 may be integrated with the output harmonic processing circuit unit 31 to form the output power processing circuit unit 30 as necessary.
- the phase difference between current and voltage is maintained at ⁇ 90 degrees in all harmonics by adjusting the phase to be orthogonal.
- the theoretical efficiency is 100%.
- the allowable range depends on the ratio between the amplitude of the fundamental wave and the amplitude of each harmonic.
- phase difference of the fundamental wave component is zero, the DC input power may be increased. On the other hand, when the DC input power is a given condition, the phase difference of the fundamental component may be adjusted.
- impedance matching is performed on the fundamental wave component of the output power so that the impedance viewed from the output equivalent current source on the load 40 side is conjugate to the fundamental wave. Be consistent. Further, by performing reactive power conversion on the harmonic component of the output power, the impedance of the output equivalent current source viewed from the load 40 becomes pure reactance in the harmonic component.
- the impedance of the output power processing circuit unit 30 viewed from the rear stage becomes pure reactance for the harmonic component subjected to reactive power, and direct-current input power for the fundamental component
- the power factor corresponding to the active power component equal to may be set.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing an implementation example of the high efficiency power amplifier according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the high efficiency power amplifier of FIG. 3 is equivalent to the high efficiency power amplifier according to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2 with two modifications.
- the first modification is that the output power processing circuit unit 30 according to the embodiment of the present invention is embodied, and the output power processing circuit unit 33 is formed by a distributed constant circuit such as a microstrip line.
- the second change is that an input power processing circuit unit 70 formed of a distributed constant circuit such as a microstrip line is added between the gate 12 of the transistor 10 and the input unit 50.
- the power source 21 and the external load 40 are omitted for the sake of simplicity.
- Other configurations in the high efficiency power amplifier according to the present embodiment are the same as those in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4A is a plan view of the input power processing circuit unit 70 according to the implementation example of the embodiment of the present invention.
- the input power processing circuit unit 70 illustrated in FIG. 4A includes a main line unit 71, an input fundamental wave matching circuit unit 72, and an input harmonic processing circuit unit 73.
- the input fundamental wave matching circuit unit 72 and the input harmonic processing circuit unit 73 are open-ended stubs.
- the main line portion 71 has one end connected to the input unit 50 and the other end connected to the gate 12 of the transistor 10.
- the input fundamental wave matching circuit unit 72 has one end connected to the main line unit 71.
- the input harmonic processing circuit unit 73 has one end connected to the main line unit 71.
- a connection portion to the input portion 50, a connection portion to the input fundamental wave matching circuit portion 72, a connection portion to the input harmonic processing circuit portion 73, the gate 12 of the transistor 10 are connected in this order.
- the input fundamental wave matching circuit unit 72 performs impedance matching for a fundamental wave component having a desired fundamental angular frequency ⁇ 0 in the input power supplied from the input unit 50.
- the input harmonic processing circuit unit 73 responds to the feedback component to the input side of the transistor 10 through the feedback capacitance in the transistor 10 among the secondary harmonic components of the voltage generated on the output side of the transistor 10. Perform phase adjustment.
- the reason for focusing on the second harmonic component is that, since the amplitude is large among the harmonic components excluding the fundamental component, it is generally expected that the effect is the largest. . Therefore, if there is a high-order harmonic having an amplitude larger than that of the second-order harmonic component, it is preferable to use this higher-order harmonic component as a target for phase adjustment instead of the second-order harmonic component.
- the input harmonic processing circuit unit 73 may handle higher-order harmonics than 2, and a plurality of input harmonic processing circuits for phase-adjusting a plurality of higher-order harmonic components.
- the part 73 may be provided.
- the input harmonic processing circuit unit 73 has a fan shape, but this is only an example and does not limit the present invention.
- FIG. 4B is a plan view of the output power processing circuit unit 33 according to the implementation example of the embodiment of the present invention.
- the output power processing circuit unit 33 shown in FIG. 4B includes a main line unit 34, a first output harmonic processing circuit unit 35, a second output harmonic processing circuit unit 36, and a third output harmonic processing.
- a circuit unit 37 and an output fundamental wave matching circuit unit 38 are provided.
- the first output harmonic processing circuit unit 35, the second output harmonic processing circuit unit 36, the third output harmonic processing circuit unit 37, and the output fundamental wave matching circuit unit 38 are respectively It is a tip open stub.
- the main line section 34 has one end connected to the drain 11 of the transistor 10 and the other end connected to the output section 60.
- One end of each of the first output harmonic processing circuit unit 35, the second output harmonic processing circuit unit 36, and the third output harmonic processing circuit unit 37 is in the main line unit 34.
- the output fundamental wave matching circuit section 38 has one end connected to the main line section 34.
- the connection section of the transistor 10 to the drain 11, the common connection section of the first to third output harmonic processing circuit sections 35 to 37, the output fundamental wave matching circuit section 38, And the connection part with the output part 60 are arranged in this order.
- a plurality of output harmonic processing circuit sections 35 to 37 commonly connected to the common connection section and the main line section 34 extending on both sides of the common connection section are preferably made as much as possible in order to suppress mutual influences. It is desirable to be connected at an angle.
- FIG. 5 is a Smith chart showing the results obtained by measuring the characteristics of the high efficiency power amplifier according to the implementation example of the embodiment of the present invention.
- the Smith chart of FIG. 5 shows a total of four points 51a, 52a, 53a, and 54a representing theoretical values, and a total of four points 51b, 52b, 53b, and 54b representing actual measurement locations.
- a point 51a represents the theoretical value of the fundamental wave component.
- Point 52a represents the theoretical value of the second harmonic component.
- a point 53a represents the theoretical value of the third harmonic component.
- Point 54a represents the theoretical value of the fourth harmonic component.
- a point 51b represents an actual measurement value of the fundamental wave component.
- a point 52b represents an actual measurement value of the second harmonic component.
- a point 53b represents an actual measurement value of the third harmonic component.
- a point 54b represents an actual measurement value of the fourth-order harmonic component.
- n an integer of 1 to 4
- 1 represents the fundamental wave component
- 2 to 4 represents the second to fourth harmonic components.
- Table 1 shows measured values of the voltage Vn, the current In, and the phase difference ⁇ n in each of the fundamental wave component and the second to fourth harmonic components.
- Table 1 also shows fifth-order harmonic components not shown in the Smith chart of FIG.
- the absolute value of the phase difference between voltage and current is in the range of 86.7 ° to 99 ° for the 2nd to 4th harmonic components for which the reactive power of the output power is applied. In other words, that is, almost orthogonal.
- the absolute value of the phase difference between the voltage and current is 90 °, the power factor becomes zero and the reactive power is completely reduced, but the second to fourth harmonic components are close to this state.
- this does not apply to the fifth harmonic component that is not subject to reactive power conversion. That is, if the absolute value of the phase difference between the voltage and current is zero or 180 °, the power factor is 100% and the active power is completely achieved, but the fifth harmonic component is close to this state.
- phase difference for the desired fundamental wave component, the absolute value of the phase difference between the voltage and current is 120.4 °, and it is confirmed that no reactive power is generated.
- This phase difference represents a state where active power and reactive power are mixed and can be said to be sufficiently effective in practice.
- FIG. 6 is a graph group showing the results of measuring the power efficiency in the 5.7 Ghz band of the high efficiency power amplifier according to the implementation example of the embodiment of the present invention.
- the graph group in FIG. 6 includes first to third graphs 6a to 6c.
- the first graph 6a represents the output power P out with respect to the input power P in in decibels (dBm).
- Second graph 6b represents an additional power efficiency PAE of input power P in in percent (%).
- the third graph 6c represents the drain efficiency eta D with respect to the input power P in in percent (%).
- the first conventional technology is “P. Colantonio, F. Gianni, R. Giofre, E. Limiti, A. Serino, M. Peroni, P. Romanini, and C. Proietti,“ As described in A C-band high0 efficiency second-harmonic-tuned hybrid power amplifier in GaN technology ”, IEEE Trans. Micro. Theory.27.
- the second conventional technology is “Y. Hao, L. Yang, X. Ma, J. Ma, M. Cao, C. Pan, C. Wang, and J. Zhang,“ High-Performance MicroAlvesedGate-ResidentialGate-ResidentialGate-ResidentialGate-ResidentialGate.
- the third conventional technology is “R. Negra, and W. Bachold,“ BiCMOS MMIC class-E power amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz wireless communication systems, ”Proc. 35th Eur. 2005, pp. 445-448.
- the fourth conventional technology is “Y. Tsuyama, K. Yamanaka, K. Namura, S. Chaki, and N. Shinohara,“ Internally-matched GaN HEMT High Efficient MT ”. "Works. Dig., Kyoto, Japan, May 2011, pp. 41-44.”
- the fifth conventional technology is “K. Kuroda, R. Ishikawa, K. Honjo,“ Parasic compensation design technology for C-bandGaN HEMT class-T.F.E.T ”. No. 11, pp. 2741-2750, Nov. 2010. ”.
- the output power processing circuit unit is formed using a lumped constant circuit such as a capacitor or an inductance.
- a lumped constant circuit such as a capacitor or an inductance.
- the high-efficiency power amplifier according to the present embodiment can be easily used in a power transmission device or the like in a contactless charging system for an electric vehicle using a megahertz band.
- the input power processing circuit unit and the output power processing circuit unit are used by using the lumped constant circuit described in the other implementation example of the embodiment. It may be formed.
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Abstract
Description
トランジスタ内の消費電力を抑制する手法として、F級増幅器や逆F級増幅器のように、トランジスタに流れ込む電流と、トランジスタの出力端子に生じる電圧とを時間領域で分離してトランジスタによる消費電力を零化する手法のほかに、高調波の電流および電圧の位相を直交させて無効電力化する手法が考えられる。本発明による高効率電力増幅器では、高調波の電流および電圧の位相を直交させる手法を、F級増幅器や逆F級増幅器の手法に併せて利用することで、もしくは単独で利用することで、トランジスタ内の高調波消費電力の抑制を行う。
Claims (14)
- 電流および電圧に基本角周波数を有する基本波成分を含む入力電力を増幅して出力電力を出力するトランジスタと、
前記トランジスタの後段に接続された出力電力処理回路部と
を具備し、
前記出力電力処理回路部は、
前記出力電力の基本波成分におけるインピーダンス整合を行う出力整合回路部と、
前記出力電力のうち、前記基本角周波数の整数倍である複数の高調波角周波数をそれぞれ有する複数の高調波成分を無効電力化するように形成された出力高調波処理回路部と
を具備し、
前記出力高調波処理回路部は、前記複数の高調波成分のうち少なくとも1つにおいて、前記無効電力化を、前記出力電力における電流および電圧の位相を直交させることで実現するように形成されている
高効率電力増幅器。 - 請求項1に記載の高効率電力増幅器において、
前記出力高調波処理回路部は、
所定の次数の高調波で短絡することで前記所定の次数の高調波成分における前記無効電力化を実現する位相調整回路部
を具備する
高効率電力増幅器。 - 請求項2に記載の高効率電力増幅器において、
前記出力高調波処理回路部は、
他の次数の高調波で短絡することで前記他の次数の高調波成分における前記無効電力化を実現する他の位相調整回路部
をさらに具備し、
前記出力電力処理回路部は、
前記トランジスタの出力部と、後段の負荷との間に接続された主線路部
をさらに具備し、
前記位相調整回路部と、前記他の位相調整回路とは、前記主線路部における複数の接続点にそれぞれ接続されている
高効率電力増幅器。 - 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の高効率電力増幅器において、
前記トランジスタの出力等価電流源から、前記出力電力処理回路部の後段側を見たインピーダンスが、前記基本波成分については共役整合されていて、かつ、前記無効電力化を施された前記高調波成分については純リアクタンスとなる
高効率電力増幅器。 - 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の高効率電力増幅器において、
前記トランジスタの出力等価電流源から、前記出力電力処理回路部の後段側を見たインピーダンスが、前記無効電力化を施された前記高調波成分については純リアクタンスとなり、かつ、前記基本波成分については直流投入電力に等しい有効電力成分に相当する力率に設定されている
高効率電力増幅器。 - 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の高効率電力増幅器において、
前記無効電力化される前記複数の高調波成分は、
前記基本角周波数の2倍の角周波数を有する2次高調波成分と、
前記基本角周波数の3倍の角周波数を有する3次高調波成分と、
前記基本角周波数の4倍の角周波数を有する4次高調波成分と
を含む
高効率電力増幅器。 - 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の高効率電力増幅器において、
前記出力高調波処理回路部は、
前記基本波成分の実質的な電気長に換算して前記トランジスタの出力部から4分の1波長離れた位置に接続されて、前記複数の高調波成分のうちの少なくとも1つについて、前記少なくとも1つの高調波成分における電圧または電流の一方の振幅をゼロレベルにするように形成された先端開放型スタブ
を具備する
高効率電力増幅器。 - 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の高効率電力増幅器において、
前記出力高調波処理回路部は、
前記複数の高調波の少なくとも1つを無効電力化する分布定数回路部
を具備する
高効率電力増幅器。 - 請求項8に記載の高効率電力増幅器において、
前記分布定数回路部は、
無効電力化される高調波の1/4波長の電気長を有する先端開放スタブ
を具備する
高効率電力増幅器。 - 請求項8に記載の高効率電力増幅器において、
前記分布定数回路部は、
無効電力化される複数の高調波のそれぞれにおける1/4波長の電気長を有する複数の先端開放スタブを具備し、
前記複数の先端開放スタブのそれぞれにおける一方の端部は、前記出力高調波処理回路部における一点に共通接続されている
高効率電力増幅器。 - 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の高効率電力増幅器において、
前記トランジスタの前段に接続された入力電力処理回路部
をさらに具備し、
前記入力電力処理回路部は、
前記基本波電力のインピーダンス整合を行う入力整合回路部と、
前記複数の高調波電力のうち少なくとも1つにおいて、無効電力化を行う入力高調波処理回路部と
を具備する
高効率電力増幅器。 - 請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の高効率電力増幅器において、
前記トランジスタは、
GaN(窒化ガリウム)HEMT(高電子移動度トランジスタ)
を具備する
高効率電力増幅器。 - 請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の高効率電力増幅器において、
前記出力高調波処理回路部は、
前記複数の高調波電力の少なくとも1つを無効電力化する集中定数回路部
を具備する
高効率電力増幅器。 - 請求項1~13のいずれかに記載の
出力高調波処理回路部。
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CN201280041707.6A CN103765765B (zh) | 2011-08-29 | 2012-08-29 | 高效率功率放大器 |
JP2013531380A JP5979559B2 (ja) | 2011-08-29 | 2012-08-29 | 高効率電力増幅器 |
US14/241,503 US9257948B2 (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2012-08-29 | High efficiency power amplifier |
KR1020147005400A KR101802572B1 (ko) | 2011-08-29 | 2012-08-29 | 고효율 전력 증폭기 |
EP12827288.7A EP2752990A4 (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2012-08-29 | HIGHLY EFFICIENT POWER AMPLIFIER |
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WO2014182362A1 (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-13 | Raytheon Company | Broadband power amplifier having high efficiency |
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WO2014182362A1 (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-13 | Raytheon Company | Broadband power amplifier having high efficiency |
US9160289B2 (en) | 2013-05-10 | 2015-10-13 | Raytheon Company | Broadband power amplifier having high efficiency |
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JP2015002621A (ja) * | 2013-06-14 | 2015-01-05 | 国立大学法人電気通信大学 | 増幅・整流一体型装置および通信システム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9257948B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 |
US20140225671A1 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
KR101802572B1 (ko) | 2017-11-28 |
EP2752990A4 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
EP2752990A1 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
JPWO2013031865A1 (ja) | 2015-03-23 |
KR20140053253A (ko) | 2014-05-07 |
JP5979559B2 (ja) | 2016-08-24 |
CN103765765A (zh) | 2014-04-30 |
CN103765765B (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
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