WO2013029376A1 - 风力发电机塔架及其运输组装方法 - Google Patents

风力发电机塔架及其运输组装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013029376A1
WO2013029376A1 PCT/CN2012/073881 CN2012073881W WO2013029376A1 WO 2013029376 A1 WO2013029376 A1 WO 2013029376A1 CN 2012073881 W CN2012073881 W CN 2012073881W WO 2013029376 A1 WO2013029376 A1 WO 2013029376A1
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Prior art keywords
tower
plate
section
plates
tower section
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Application number
PCT/CN2012/073881
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姚瑜宁
闵建秋
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Yao Yuning
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Publication of WO2013029376A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013029376A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
    • E04H12/08—Structures made of specified materials of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
    • E04H12/08—Structures made of specified materials of metal
    • E04H12/085—Details of flanges for tubular masts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/18—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures movable or with movable sections, e.g. rotatable or telescopic
    • E04H12/185—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures movable or with movable sections, e.g. rotatable or telescopic with identical elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/34—Arrangements for erecting or lowering towers, masts, poles, chimney stacks, or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05B2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/50—Building or constructing in particular ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/912—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation, in particular to a wind power generator tower and a method of transportation and assembly thereof.
  • the application number is 200680051250.1
  • the application date is 2006-01-17
  • the invention patent titled "wind turbine tower, wind turbine, wind turbine tower elevator and method of assembling wind turbine tower” relates to a kind of wind Turbine tower.
  • the wind turbine tower comprises at least two ring-shaped tower sections, which are characterized in that these tower sections are vertically stacked one on top of the other.
  • the above-mentioned patent adopts the method of laying tower sections, and its tower plate is a circular arc, or with two bent plates. In this way, for the case where the tower plate is a circular arc: during transportation, if one tower plate is overlapped on another tower plate, the outer circle of the latter tower plate will contact the inner circle of the previous tower plate.
  • the feature of this patent is to design the tower as a "building block" structure.
  • the parts can be folded apart, and the parts can be overlapped with each other, and the transportation state is optimized to be charged by weight instead of by volume, which will greatly reduce transportation expenses.
  • it can be transported in a standard container. After it is transported to the site, it only needs to be spliced into an integral tower with bolt components, rivets, etc., without the need for modification and processing, which solves the problem of existing wind turbine tower transportation, Difficulties in remote assembly and installation.
  • the tower of the present invention has no inter-node connecting flanges, but from bottom to top.
  • each upper tower section is slightly smaller than the inner cavity size of the lower tower section.
  • the tower section is directly inserted into the next tower section,
  • the overlapping part of the tower section is connected with bolt components, rivets, etc., and can be positioned axially and bear the load of the unit above the tower section, instead of relying on bolt components or riveting to bear.
  • the positioning is good and the splicing is convenient, and the connecting parts such as bolt assemblies or riveting do not bear the weight of the unit.
  • the large-size inter-node connecting flange is omitted, which is convenient for transportation and saves a lot of transportation expenses.
  • a wind power generator tower is formed by connecting multiple tower sections, and is characterized in that: the tower section is formed by sequentially connecting and surrounding a plurality of tower plates.
  • each tower plate is bent to form a connecting flange, and the flange is provided with a hole that allows two adjacent tower plates to be connected together by bolt assemblies or rivets.
  • the tower plate is composed of a tower plate body and angular connecting plates arranged on both sides of the body.
  • the angular connecting plate and the tower plate body form an angle, and the two adjacent tower plates are opposite to each other. Holes are arranged on the diagonal connecting plates, and the connections are made in the form of bolt assemblies or rivets.
  • One side of the angular connecting plate is connected with the tower plate body through a bolt assembly or a rivet.
  • connection between the upper and lower tower sections does not require flanges, but is achieved by directly inserting the previous tower section into the next tower section.
  • each tower section of each tower section there are grooves along the longitudinal direction of the tower plate.
  • the width of the groove is slightly wider than the thickness of the two tower plate connecting flanges of the next tower section.
  • the number matches the number of tower plate flanges.
  • the outer dimensions of the previous tower section slightly smaller than the inner cavity size of the next tower section, so that the previous tower section is placed above the next tower section, so that the groove at the lower end of the tower plate of the previous tower section Align the connecting flanges between the tower plates of the next tower section, and then directly insert the previous tower section into the next tower section, and then fasten the overlapping part of the tower section with bolt components, rivets, etc., to realize the tower connection The connection between.
  • the axial position between the two tower sections is determined by the bottom of the previous tower section contacting the connecting flange of the next tower section inserted. And bear the axial load.
  • Another solution is to make the upper end of the connecting flange of each tower plate of each tower section lower than the tower plate body, so that the connecting flange forms a step, and the outer dimension of the previous tower section is made larger than that of the next tower section.
  • the inner cavity size is slightly smaller, and the tower plate connection flange of the previous tower section is aligned with the tower plate connection flange of the next tower, and then the previous tower section is directly inserted into the next tower section, and then overlapped Part of it is fastened with bolt components, pull rivets, etc. to realize the connection between tower nodes.
  • a method for transporting a wind power generator tower is characterized in that the tower plate can be disassembled into the tower plate body, the angled connecting plate, the bolt assembly, rivets, etc., to facilitate transportation.
  • one integrated tower plate can be turned over 180o, buckled to another integrated tower connecting plate (as shown in Figure 6), and then placed in a standard container for transportation.
  • the tower slab body and the angle connecting plate are folded apart. Since the tower slab body and the corner connecting plate have only one bend, they can be overlapped with each other and placed on the bracket. (As shown in Figure 10), placed in a standard container for transportation.
  • a method for assembling a wind power generator tower which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • the adjacent tower plates are connected by connecting flanges arranged on both sides of each tower plate (for integrated tower plates), or connected by angled connecting plates (for split tower plates), and two adjacent ones Connecting flanges or angled connecting plates are connected by bolt assemblies or rivets;
  • the at least two tower sections are connected in a straight line to form a wind turbine tower;
  • the at least two tower sections can be connected by inserting the previous tower section directly into the next tower section, and then fasten the overlapping parts of the two tower sections with bolt assemblies, rivets, etc., to achieve inter-section connection.
  • Each tower section of the present invention adopts a detachable structure, and the bulky tower section is split into a plurality of tower plates, each of which has the same shape and is convenient for transportation.
  • Each tower plate of the present invention can use pulling rivets The forms are connected in sequence, which can avoid completely using bolt components, causing the tower plate to loosen.
  • the tower plate of the present invention is bent only once, and can overlap each other during transportation without deformation. It is very beneficial to save transportation expenses and reduce on-site auxiliary processing.
  • the tower plate is integrated,
  • the two sides of the tower plate are bent into connecting flanges, which are connected with another tower plate.
  • one tower plate can be turned over 180° and buckled to the other tower plate to save transportation space.
  • the tower plate is a split type, and the tower plate is composed of a tower plate body and two corner connecting plates.
  • the angled connecting plates on both sides are of detachable structure, and the tower plate can be disassembled into the tower plate body and the angled connecting plate. After disassembly, the tower plate body is completely separated from the angle connecting plate, and each component can be modularized for production and transportation. In this way, the tower plates can be placed on top of each other and transported on a bracket. The volume is very compact.
  • this patent divides the circumscribed circle of the cross section of the tower into 6 equal parts, so that the cross section is composed of 6 tower plates, each of which has a width of about 2 meters, which fits into a standard container for transportation. , Long-distance transportation will not be deformed. Usually 2 to 3 containers can be used to contain all the components of a complete wind turbine tower, while the traditional structure of a complete segmented tower section requires at least more than 10 containers to complete the shipment. After arriving at the site, like "building blocks", the tower can be assembled without additional processing. This is very convenient for the situation where the installation site is far away and saves transportation costs.
  • the tower sections formed by the above various schemes can be divided into 4, 6, 8 or even more tower slabs for each tower section.
  • connection between the tower section and the tower section does not use the inter-section flange, but adopts the direct insertion connection method of the present invention, and the inter-section flange with a large radial dimension is removed, which brings a lot of transportation Convenient and save transportation expenses.
  • the present invention introduces two specific insertion methods, slotted and stepped respectively. Both structures adopt the scheme of gradually reducing the size of the tower section from the bottom up, and each tower section has the same size. It has a prismatic or cylindrical shape and is very convenient for insertion and connection.
  • an axial positioning and load-bearing structure for bearing the weight of the unit above the tower section is also provided, which avoids the bearing by bolt components or rivets and greatly enhances the strength of the tower.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of the wind turbine tower structure.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the wind turbine tower A-A'.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of B-B' of embodiment 1 of the wind power generator tower.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of B-B' of Embodiment 2 of the wind turbine tower.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tower section in Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tower section in Embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tower section in the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of C-C' of the connection between tower nodes in Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of C-C' of the connection between tower nodes in Embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the C-C' of the connection between the tower nodes in the second embodiment.
  • Fig. 9 shows the stacking method of the tower slabs in the first embodiment during transportation.
  • Fig. 10 shows the stacking method of the tower slabs in the second embodiment during transportation.
  • Figure 11 shows the existing arc-shaped tower plate stacking method.
  • Figure 12 shows the stacking method of the existing bending type tower plates.
  • the tower of the wind generator is formed by connecting multiple tower sections 3, and the tower section 3 is formed by connecting and surrounding a plurality of tower plates 1 in sequence.
  • the tower plate 1 adopts an integrated structure.
  • the tower plate 1 is integrally formed into a flange on both sides, and a hole is provided on the tower plate 1 to connect two adjacent tower plates 1 with rivets 5 or bolt assemblies 4. Two adjacent tower plates 1 are connected in the above-mentioned manner.
  • the tower plate 1 is bent only once.
  • Each tower section 3 is surrounded by 4, 6, 8 or more tower plates 1 from end to end. There is no specific limit on the number of tower plates 1.
  • the specific number of tower plates 1 is mainly determined by each The size of each tower plate 1 and the consideration of transportation are determined.
  • each tower section of each tower section 3 and the position of the bisector of the tower plate there are grooves 7 along the longitudinal direction of the tower plate, and the width of the groove 7 is larger than that of the next tower section 3.
  • the total thickness of the flanges is slightly wider, and the number matches the number of flanges on the tray.
  • the outer dimensions of the previous tower section 3 are made slightly smaller than the inner cavity size of the next tower section 3. In this way, the previous tower section 3 is placed above the next tower section 3, so that the tower of the previous tower section 3
  • the groove 7 at the lower end of the frame plate is aligned with the connecting flange between the tower plates of the next tower section 3.
  • Each tower section 3 can be prismatic or cylindrical, and its size gradually decreases from bottom to top.
  • the tower of the wind generator is formed by connecting multiple tower sections 3, and the tower section 3 is formed by connecting and surrounding a plurality of tower plates 1 in sequence.
  • the tower plate 1 adopts a split structure.
  • the tower plate 1 of this structure includes a tower plate body 8 and angled connecting plates 2 arranged on both sides of the body. Each angled connecting plate 2 is a bent structure.
  • the angled connecting plate 2 is provided with a through hole, and adjacent angular connecting plates 2 of two adjacent tower plates 1 are connected by pulling rivets 5 or bolt assemblies 4.
  • the other side of the angle-shaped connecting plate 2 is connected to the tower plate body 8 by rivets 5 or bolt assemblies 4.
  • the tower plate 1 is bent only once.
  • Each tower section 3 is surrounded by 4, 6, 8 or more tower plates 1 from end to end. There is no specific limit on the number of tower plates 1.
  • the specific number of tower plates 1 is mainly determined by each The size of each tower plate 1 and the consideration of transportation are determined.
  • each tower section 3 is made lower than the tower plate body, so that the connecting flange forms a step, and the outer size of the previous tower section 3 is made larger than that of the next tower section 3.
  • the inner cavity size is slightly smaller. Align the tower plate connecting flange of the previous tower section 3 with the tower plate connecting flange of the next tower connection, and then insert the previous tower connection directly into the next tower section 3, and then overlap Part of it is fastened with bolt components, pull rivets, etc. to realize the connection between the tower connections.
  • Each tower section 3 is prismatic or cylindrical, and the size is gradually reduced from bottom to top.
  • a method for assembling a wind power generator tower includes the following steps:
  • each tower section 3 in actual use often includes multiple tower plates 1, such as 4 and 6 , 8 or more tower plates 1 are surrounded end to end. There is no specific limit to the number of tower plates 1. The specific number is mainly determined by the size of each tower plate 1 after disassembly and consideration of transportation.
  • Adjacent tower plates 1 are connected to each other by connecting plates arranged on both sides of each tower plate 1, and two adjacent connecting plates are connected by pulling rivets 5 or bolt assemblies 4.
  • the tower plate 1 can adopt an integrated structure.
  • the tower plate 1 is integrally formed into a flange 2 that is bent on both sides, and the bending part is provided with two adjacent towers.
  • the plates 1 are connected together by rivets 5 or bolt assemblies 4, and two adjacent tower plates 1 are connected in the above-mentioned manner.
  • the tower plate 1 is bent only once.
  • the wind turbine tower includes at least two tower sections 3, which are connected in a straight line to form the wind turbine tower. Place the previous tower section 3 above the next tower section 3, align the groove 7 at the lower end of the tower plate of the previous tower section 3 with the connecting flange between the tower plates of the next tower section 3, and then directly The previous tower section 3 is inserted into the next tower section 3, and the overlapping part of the tower section 3 is fastened with bolt components, rivets, etc., to realize the connection between the tower connections.
  • a method for assembling a wind power generator tower includes the following steps:
  • each tower section 3 in actual use often includes multiple tower plates 1, such as 4 and 6 , 8 or more tower plates 1 are surrounded end to end. There is no specific limit to the number of tower plates 1, and the specific number of tower plates 1 is mainly determined by the size of each tower plate 1 after splitting and the transportation Based on considerations.
  • the tower plate 1 is bent once.
  • Adjacent tower plates 1 are connected to each other through angled connecting plates 2 arranged on both sides of each tower plate 1, and two adjacent angled connecting plates 2 are connected by rivets 5 or bolt assemblies 4.
  • the tower plate 1 adopts a detachable structure.
  • the tower plate 1 of this structure includes a tower plate body 8 and angled connecting plates 2 arranged on both sides of the body. Each angled connecting plate 2 is bent.
  • the angular connecting plate 2 is provided with a through hole, and the adjacent angular connecting plates 2 of two adjacent tower plates 1 are connected by rivets 5 or bolt assemblies 4.
  • the other side of the angle-shaped connecting plate 2 is connected to the tower plate body 8 by rivets 5 or bolt assemblies 4.
  • the wind turbine tower includes at least two tower sections 3, which are connected in a straight line to form the wind turbine tower.
  • the upper end of the connecting flange of each tower plate of each tower section 3 is made lower than the tower plate body, so that the connecting flange forms a step, and the outer size of the previous tower section 3 is made larger than that of the next tower section 3.
  • the inner cavity size is small. Align the tower plate connecting flange of the previous tower section 3 with the tower plate connecting flange of the next tower connection, and then insert the previous tower connection directly into the next tower section 3, and then in the overlapping part Fasten with bolt components, pull rivets, etc. to realize the connection between the tower connections.
  • the above-mentioned bolt assembly 4 includes bolts, nuts, and washers.
  • each tower plate 1 is less than 2 meters, and one The integrated tower plate 1 is turned over 180°, buckled to another integrated tower connecting plate, and then placed in a standard container for transportation. (As shown in Figure 6)
  • the transportation method of the wind turbine tower can be divided into the tower plate body 8, the angle connecting plate 2 and the bolt assembly 4.
  • the bolt assembly 4 includes bolts, nuts and washers; during transportation, it will be disassembled.
  • the tower plate body 8 and the angle-shaped connecting plate 2 are respectively placed on top of each other, and the tower plate body 8 and the angle-shaped connecting plate 2 can be placed on the bracket 10 for transportation.
  • each tower plate 1 is about 2 meters, and then the tower plate 1 is split into tower plates If the main body 8 and the angled connecting plate 2 have a width of less than 2 meters, the tower plate main body 8 and the angled connecting plate 2 can be accommodated and transported in a standard container. (As shown in Figure 7)

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Abstract

风力发电机塔架及其运输组装方法，该风力发电机塔架由多段塔节（3）连接而成，塔节由多个塔架板（1）依次连接围绕而成，其中一种方案是所述毎个塔架板（1）两侧折弯成连接法兰，该法兰上设置有可使相邻两塔架板用螺栓组件（4）或拉铆钉（5）连接在一起的孔；另一种方案是所述塔架板（1）由塔架板本体和设置在本体两侧的角形连接板（2）组成，运输时毎个塔节采用可拆卸式结构，把体积庞大的塔节拆分成多个塔架板，毎个塔架板外形相同，便于运输。

Description

风力发电机塔架及其运输组装方法 Technical Field
本发明涉及风力发电技术领域，特别是一种风力发电机塔架及其运输、组装方法。
Background Art
在风电技术领域，对于风力发电机塔架制作，常用的方法是将塔架分成几段塔节，在工厂制作完成后，运至安装现场，再将其组焊成塔架。但是，随着风力发电机组功率越来越大，塔架的尺寸和重量也越来越大，给运输带来了很大的困难。若仍然在工厂里制作完成后再运往安装现场，运输将是一件十分麻烦、费用十分高昂的事情，特别是对于海外承包工程，要把几十个高70-80米，直径约4米的塔架运往海外，因其尺码数会大于吨位数，运费将按体积而非按重量计，其陆路及海运将面临着高额的费用，使工程项目的成本成倍增长，有的，已成为企业不堪承受的重负。
由于即使将整个塔架分段为多个塔节以后，每一段的体积仍然很大。也不可能采用集装箱运输，这样，不仅运输费用高昂，还因运输过程中难免出现一些碰撞，损伤机件，给现场安装带来十分难办的后续修形、补漆等辅助加工。有的企业采用直接在安装地建厂生产风力发电机塔架的各个部件，然后就地进行组装。这种方法虽然节省了运输费用并避免了一些麻烦。但是，在异地建厂，生产投资也不在小数，特别是塔筒的卷板、焊接、焊后热处理、防腐处理等均需要大型设备，相当于搬几个工厂至安装现场。另外，对于一些环保要求高的国家，环保许可的申报及环保设施的配置实施起来操作难度均很大。
如申请号为200680051250.1，申请日为2006-01-17，名称为“风轮机塔架,风轮机,风轮机塔架升降机和组装风轮机塔架的方法”的发明专利，涉及的是一种风轮机塔架。该风轮机塔架包含至少两个环形塔架节，其特征在于，这些塔节垂直地一个重叠在另一个之上。上述专利采用了搭放塔节的方式，它的塔架板是一园弧，或者带2个折弯的折板。这样，对于塔架板为圆弧的情况：运输时，若将一个塔架板重叠至另一塔架板上，后一塔架板的外圆将与前一塔架板的内圆接触，它们不可能完全密合(因为钢板有厚度)，而会出现缝隙(如图8所示)，一件压一件，在重量作用下，运输过程中，塔架板就会产生变形，待运至安装现场，已不能正确拼接，必须采取整形措施。这样，就违背了本专利在现场只需拼接, 无需任何加工即可将塔架组装完成的初衷。对于塔架板为折弯板的情况也有同样的问题，当2个塔架板重叠时，若在一个折弯点对齐 (如图9所示，按o-o线对齐) 后，另一个折弯就不可能对齐。因为，它必须用梯形的下底边(大底边)去靠梯形的上底边(小底边)，这样，必然会出现缝隙。如前所述，在运输过程中，也会产生变形，到达安装现场后，必须实施矫形加工。如此巨大的另件，要在现场加工，决非易事。这样，使其专利失去了实用性。否则，必须在板与板间设置垫板，既挤占运输重量，又会增加很多辅助工作。
 Technical Problem
为克服上述的困难，本专利的特点在于将塔架设计成“积木”式结构。在运输过程中，将其折散，零件可以互相重叠，将运输状态优化为按重量计费，而非按体积计费，从而将大幅度地缩减运输开支。而且，可置于标准集装箱内运输，运到现场后，只需用螺栓组件、拉铆钉等将其拼接为整体塔筒，无需再作修形加工，解决了现有风力发电机塔架运输、异地组装及安装的困难。其另一特点在于本发明的塔架没有节间连接法兰，而是至下而上，每个上面的塔节的外围尺寸比下面塔节的内腔尺寸略小，这样，可将上一塔节直接插入下一塔节, 在塔节重叠部分用螺栓组件、拉铆钉等连接，并能轴向定位、承受该塔节以上机组的负荷，而不是靠螺栓组件或铆定承受。这样，定位好，拼接方便,,螺栓组件或铆定等连接件不承受机组的重量。更主要的是省掉了大尺寸的节间连接法兰，便于运输，节约了大量的运输开支。
Technical Solution
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种风力发电机塔架，由多段塔节连接而成，其特征在于：所述塔节由多个塔架板依次连接围绕而成。
一种方案是所述每个塔架板两侧折弯成连接法兰，该法兰上设置有可使相邻两塔架板用螺栓组件或拉铆钉连接在一起的孔。
另一种方案是所述塔架板由塔架板本体和设置在本体两侧的角形连接板组成，所述角形连接板与塔架板本体构成夹角，相邻塔架板的两个相邻角形连接板上设置有孔，且通过螺栓组件或拉铆钉的形式进行连接。
所述角形连接板一侧与塔架板本体通过螺栓组件或拉铆钉连接。
上下塔节之间的连接，不用法兰，而是直接将上一塔节插入下一塔节实现的。
具体结构如下：
每一段塔节的各塔架板下端、塔架板的等分线位置处，沿塔架板纵向设有槽，槽的宽度比下一塔节的两塔架板连接法兰厚度略宽，数量与塔架板法兰数量相匹配。同时，将上一塔节的外围尺寸作得比下一塔节的内腔尺寸略小，这样，将上一塔节放在下一塔节上方，让上一塔节的塔架板下端的槽对正下一塔节的塔架板之间的连接法兰，然后，直接将上一塔节插入下一塔节，再在塔节重叠部分用螺栓组件、拉铆钉等紧固，实现塔接间的连接。这时，两塔节之间的轴向位置是由上一塔节耘底接触其插入的下一塔节连接法兰所决定的, 并承受轴向负荷。
另一方案是使每一塔节的各塔架板的连接法兰上端作得低于塔架板本体，使连接法兰形成一个台阶，上一塔节的外围尺寸作得比下一塔节的内腔尺寸略小，并将上一塔节的塔架板连接法兰对正下一塔接的塔板连接法兰，然后，将上一塔节直接插入下一塔节，再在重叠部分用螺栓组件、拉铆钉等紧固，实现塔节间的连接。
一种风力发电机塔架的运输方法，其特征在于，可将塔架板分拆为塔架板本体，角形连接板及螺栓组件、铆钉等，便了运输。
对于一体型塔架板，运输时，可将一个一体化的塔架板翻转180o，扣到另一个一体化塔接板上(如图6所示)，再将其放置于标准集装箱内运输。
对于分体型塔架板，运输时，将塔架板本体与角形连接板折散，由于塔架板本体及角连接板均只有一个折弯，它们可分别彼此重叠，放到托架上 (如图10所示),置于标准集装箱内运输。
一种风力发电机塔架的组装方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
将至少两个塔架板首尾依次围绕连接组装成塔节；
相邻塔架板之间通过设置在各塔架板两侧的连接法兰连接(对于一体型塔架板)，或通过角形连接板连接(对于分体型塔架板)，而两相邻的连接法兰或角形连接板通过螺栓组件或拉铆钉的方式连接；
所述的至少两个塔节依次呈直线连接，构成风力发电机塔架；
所述的至少两个塔节通过将上一塔节直接插入下一塔节，再在两塔节重叠部分用螺栓组件、拉铆钉等紧固，实现节间连接。
 Advantageous Effects
本发明的优点：
1、本发明所述的每个塔节采用可拆卸式结构，把体积庞大的塔节拆分成多个塔架板，每个塔架板外形相同，便于运输。
2、由于风力发电机塔架体积庞大，工作时，风电场风力很强，风速分布不均，使风力发电机塔架易产生振动。本发明的每个塔架板可采用拉铆钉 的形式依次连接，可避免完全用螺栓组件，造成塔架板松动的情况。
3、本发明的塔架板仅有一次折弯，运输时可以相互重叠，不致变形。对节约运输开支，减少现场辅助加工很有好处。
4、本发明塔架板一实施方案, 塔架板一体式, 将塔架板两侧折弯成连接法兰，与另一塔架板连接，运输时可将一塔架板翻转180°,扣到另一塔架板上，以此节省运输空间。
5 本发明塔架板另一实施方案,塔架板为分体式，其塔架板由一塔架板本体和二个角连接板组成。两侧的角形连接板为可拆卸式结构，可以将塔架板拆散为塔架板本体及角形连接板。拆卸以后的塔架板本体与角形连接板完全分开，各部件可形成模块化生产与运输。这样，塔架板可以彼此重叠放置，放到一托架上运输, 体积十分紧凑。另外，因一般塔架直径在4米左右,考虑到陆路运输, 为便于通过桥梁、涵洞等，本专利将塔架横截面外接圆6等分，使其横截面由6个塔架板组成，每个塔架板的宽度约2米，正好放入标准集装箱运输，长途运输也不会变形。通常用2至3个集装箱就可把一个完整的风力发电机塔架部件全部容纳，而传统的完整分段塔节的结构需要至少10多个集装箱才能完成装运。到现场后，像“搭积木”，即可将塔架组装起来，无需再进行辅助加工。这对于安装地点较远的情况有很大的便利，节约了运输成本。
6、上述的各种方案构成的塔节均可将每个塔节分为4个、6个、8个甚至更多个塔架板组成。
7、塔节与塔节之间的连接不用节间法兰，而是采用本发明的直接插入的连接方式，去掉了径向尺寸很大的节间法兰，给运输带来了很大的方便，节约了运输开支。并且在直接插入的方式中本发明介绍了两种具体的插入方法，分别为开槽式和台阶式，两种结构均是采用自下而上塔节尺寸逐渐减小的方案，各个塔节均为棱柱体或圆柱体外形，插入及连接均十分方便。同时，还设置了用耘或台阶来承受该塔节以上机组重量的轴向定位及承力结构，避免了由螺栓组件或铆钉来承受，大大增强了塔架的强度。
 Description of Drawings
1为风力发电机塔架结构示意图。
图2为风力发电机塔架A-A’的剖视图。
图3为风力发电机塔架实施例1的B-B’的剖视图。
图4为风力发电机塔架实施例2的B-B’的剖视图。
图5为实施例1中塔节结构示意图。
图6为实施例2中塔节结构示意图。
图7为实施例1中塔节间连接的C-C’的剖视图。
图8为实施例2中塔节间连接的C-C’的剖视图。
图9为实施例1的塔架板运输时的堆放方式。
图10为实施例2的塔架板运输时的堆放方式。
图11为现有圆弧形塔架板堆放方式。
图12为现有弯折型塔架板堆放方式。
上述附图中1、塔架板 2、连接板 3、塔节 4、螺栓组件 5、铆钉 6、托架 7、槽
Best Mode
实施例1
风力发电机塔架由多段塔节3连接而成，塔节3由多个塔架板1依次连接围绕而成。一种方案是塔架板1采用一体式结构。当采用一体式结构时，将塔架板1一体成型为两侧折弯成法兰，其上设置有可使相邻两塔架板1用拉铆钉5或螺栓组件4连接在一起的孔，两相邻的塔架板1则通过上述方式连接起来。塔架板1只进行一次弯折。
每个塔节3由4个、6个、8个或多个塔架板1首尾围绕而成，塔架板1的数量没有具体限制，塔架板1的具体数量主要是由拆分以后每个塔架板1的尺寸及对运输的考量来决定。
而每一段塔节3的各塔架板下端、塔架板的等分线位置处，沿塔架板纵向设有槽7，槽7的宽度比下一塔节3的塔架板二连接法兰厚度总和略宽，数量与塔板法兰数量相匹配。同时，将上一塔节3的外围尺寸作得比下一塔节3的内腔尺寸略小，这样，将上一塔节3放在下一塔节3上方，让上一塔节3的塔架板下端的槽7对正下一塔节3的塔架板之间的连接法兰，然后，直接将上一塔节3插入下一塔节3，再在塔节3重叠部分用螺栓组件、拉铆钉等紧固，实现塔接间的连接。各塔节3可为棱柱形或圆柱形，自下而上尺寸逐渐减小。
实施例2
风力发电机塔架由多段塔节3连接而成，塔节3由多个塔架板1依次连接围绕而成。塔架板1采用分体式的结构，此种结构的塔架板1包括塔架板本体8和设置在本体两侧的角形连接板2，每个角形连接板2为折弯结构，角形连接板2上设置有通孔，两相邻塔架板1的相邻角形连接板2通过拉铆钉5或螺栓组件4的形式进行连接。而角形连接板2另一侧与塔架板本体8通过拉铆钉5或螺栓组件4连接。只对塔架板1进行一次弯折。
每个塔节3由4个、6个、8个或多个塔架板1首尾围绕而成，塔架板1的数量没有具体限制，塔架板1的具体数量主要是由拆分以后每个塔架板1的尺寸及对运输的考量来决定。
将每一塔节3的各塔架板的连接法兰上端作得低于塔架板本体，使连接法兰形成一个台阶，上一塔节3的外围尺寸作得比下一塔节3的内腔尺寸略小，将上一塔节3的塔架板连接法兰对正下一塔接的塔板连接法兰，然后，将上一塔接直接插入下一塔节3，再在重叠部分用螺栓组件、拉铆钉等紧固，实现塔接间的连接。各塔节3均为棱柱形或园柱形，自下而上尺寸逐渐减小。
实施例3
一种风力发电机塔架的组装方法，包括以下步骤：
1、将至少两个塔架板1首尾依次围绕连接装配成塔节3，由于生产和应用的需要，每个塔节3实际使用时往往包括多个塔架板1，如4个、6个、8个或多个塔架板1首尾围绕而成，塔架板1的数量没有具体限制，具体数量主要是由拆分以后每个塔架板1的尺寸及对运输的考量来决定。
2、相邻塔架板1之间通过设置在各塔架板1两侧的连接板互相连接，而两相邻的连接板通过拉铆钉5或螺栓组件4的方式连接。具体来说，塔架板1可采用一体式结构，当采用一体式结构时，将塔架板1一体成型为两侧折弯成法兰2，折弯部分设置有可使相邻两塔架板1用拉铆钉5或螺栓组件4连接在一起的孔，两相邻的塔架板1则通过上述方式连接起来。塔架板1只进行一次弯折。
3、风力发电机塔架包括至少两个塔节3，将上述各塔节3依次呈直线连接，构成风力发电机塔架。将上一塔节3放在下一塔节3上方，让上一塔节3的塔架板下端的槽7对正下一塔节3的塔架板之间的连接法兰，然后，直接将上一塔节3插入下一塔节3，再在塔节3重叠部分用螺栓组件、拉铆钉等紧固，实现塔接间的连接。
实施例4
一种风力发电机塔架的组装方法，包括以下步骤：
1、将至少两个塔架板1首尾依次围绕连接装配成塔节3，由于生产和应用的需要，每个塔节3实际使用时往往包括多个塔架板1，如4个、6个、8个或多个塔架板1首尾围绕而成，塔架板1的数量没有具体限制，而塔架板1的具体数量主要是由拆分以后每个塔架板1的尺寸及对运输的考量来决定。对塔架板1进行一次弯折。
2、相邻塔架板1之间通过设置在各塔架板1两侧的角形连接板2互相连接，而两相邻的角形连接板2通过拉铆钉5或螺栓组件4的方式连接。具体来说，塔架板1采用可拆卸式的结构，此种结构的塔架板1包括塔架板本体8和设置在本体两侧的角形连接板2，每个角形连接板2为折弯结构，角形连接板2上设置有通孔，两相邻塔架板1的相邻角形连接板2通过拉铆钉5或螺栓组件4的形式进行连接。而角形连接板2另一侧与塔架板本体8通过拉铆钉5或螺栓组件4连接。
3、风力发电机塔架包括至少两个塔节3，将上述各塔节3依次呈直线连接，构成风力发电机塔架。将每一塔节3的各塔架板的连接法兰上端作得低于塔架板本体，使连接法兰形成一个台阶，上一塔节3的外围尺寸作得比下一塔节3的内腔尺寸小，将上一塔节3的塔架板连接法兰对正下一塔接的塔板连接法兰，然后，将上一塔接直接插入下一塔节3，再在重叠部分用螺栓组件、拉铆钉等紧固，实现塔接间的连接。上述螺栓组件4包括螺栓、螺母、垫圈。
实施例5
风力发电机塔架的运输方法，将内直径为4米的塔架塔节3拆分为6块或多块塔架板1后，每个塔架板1总的宽度小于2米，将一个一体化的塔架板1翻转180°，扣到另一个一体化塔接板上，再将其放置于标准集装箱内进行运输。(如图6所示)
实施例6
风力发电机塔架的运输方法，可将塔架板1分拆为塔架板本体8，角形连接板2及螺栓组件4，螺栓组件4包括螺栓、螺母、垫圈；运输时，将拆分后的塔架板本体8及角形连接板2分别重叠放置，塔架板本体8和角形连接板2可放置在托架10上便于运输。
例如将内直径为4米的塔架塔节3拆分为6块塔架板1后，每个塔架板1总的宽度约为2米，再将塔架板1拆分为塔架板本体8和角形连接板2，则塔架板本体8和角形连接板2的宽度均小于2米，可以容纳与标准集装箱内进行运输。(如图7所示)

Claims (10)

  1. 一种风力发电机塔架，由多段塔节（3）连接而成，其特征在于：所述塔节（3）由多个塔架板（1）依次连接围绕而成。塔架板(1)仅有一次折弯。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种风力发电机塔架，其特征在于：所述每个塔架板（1）两侧折弯成法兰状，折弯部分设置有使相邻两塔架板（1）通过拉铆钉（5）或螺栓组件（4）连接在一起的孔；所述每个塔节（3）由4个、6个、8个或多个塔架板（1）首尾围绕而成。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种风力发电机塔架，其特征在于：所述塔架板（1）包括塔架板本体和设置在本体两侧的角形连接板（2），所述角形连接板（2）与塔架板本体构成夹角，相邻塔架板（1）的两个相邻角形连接板（2）上设置有孔，且通过拉铆钉（5）或螺栓组件（4）的形式进行连接；所述角形连接板（2）一侧与塔架板本体也通过拉铆钉（5）或螺栓组件（4）连接；所述每个塔节（3）由4个、6个、8个或多个塔架板（1）首尾围绕而成。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的一种风力发电机塔架，其特征在于：所述每一段塔节（3）的各塔架板下端、塔架板的等分线位置处，沿塔架板纵向设有槽（7），槽（7）的宽度比下一塔节（3）的塔架板二连接法兰厚度之和略宽，数量与塔板法兰数量相匹配，上一塔节（3）的外围尺寸比下一塔节（3）的内腔尺寸略小，上一塔节（3）放置于下一塔节（3）内，塔节（3）重叠部分通过螺栓组件或拉铆钉紧固；每一塔节均为棱柱体或园柱体。
  5. 根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的一种风力发电机塔架，其特征在于：每一塔节（3）的各塔架板的连接法兰上端作得低于塔架板本体，连接法兰形成一个台阶，上一塔节（3）的外围尺寸比下一塔节（3）的内腔尺寸略小，上一塔接放置于下一塔节（3）内，塔节（3）重叠部分通过螺栓组件或拉铆钉紧固；每一塔节均为棱柱体或园柱体。
  6. 一种风力发电机塔架的运输方法，其特征在于，将一个一体化的塔架板（1）翻转180o，扣到另一个一体化塔架板上，再将所述塔架板（1）容纳于标准集装箱内。或者，将塔架板（1）分拆为塔架板本体，角形连接板（2），及螺栓组件（4）；塔架板本体及角形连接板（2）分别重叠放置，放到托架（6）上, 容纳于标准集装箱内运输。
  7. 一种风力发电机塔架的组装方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    将至少两个塔架板（1）首尾依次围绕连接装配成塔节（3）；
    两相邻的连接板通过拉铆钉（5）或螺栓组件（4）的方式连接；
    将至少两个塔节（3）依次呈直线连接，构成风力发电机塔架。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种风力发电机塔架的组装方法，其特征在于：每个塔架板（1）两侧折弯成法兰（2），法兰（2）上设置有使相邻两塔架板（1）通过拉铆钉（5）或螺栓组件（4）连接在一起的孔,用拉铆钉（5）或螺栓组件（4）将二塔架板连接在一起。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种风力发电机塔架的组装方法，其特征在于：所述塔架板（1）包括塔架板本体和设置在本体两侧的角形连接板（2），所述角形连接板（2）与塔架板本体构成夹角，相邻塔架板（1）的两个相邻角形连接板（2）上设置有孔，且通过拉铆钉（5）或螺栓组件（4）的形式进行连接；所述角形连接板（2）一侧与塔架板本体通过拉铆钉（5）或螺栓组件（4）连接。
  10. 跟据权利要求7所述的一种风力发电机塔架的组装方法，其特征在于：所述的至少两个塔节（3）的各塔节（3）的各塔架板下端、塔架板的等分线位置处，沿塔架板纵向设有槽（7），槽（7）的宽度比下一塔节（3）的塔架板二连接法兰厚度之和略宽，数量与塔板法兰数量相匹配，同时，将上一塔节（3）的外围尺寸比下一塔节（3）的内腔尺寸略小，这样，将上一塔节（3）放在下一塔节（3）上方，让上一塔节（3）的塔架板下端的槽（7）对正下一塔节（3）的塔架板之间的连接法兰，然后，直接将上一塔节（3）插入下一塔节（3），再在塔节（3）重叠部分用螺栓组件、拉铆钉等紧固，实现塔接间的连接；
    或者将各塔节（3）的各塔架板的连接法兰上端作得为低于塔架板本体，使连接法兰形成一个台阶，上一塔节（3）的外围尺寸作得比下一塔节（3）的内腔尺寸小，将上一塔节（3）的塔架板连接法兰对正下一塔接的塔板连接法兰，然后，将上一塔接直接插入下一塔节（3），再在重叠部分用螺栓组件、拉铆钉等紧固，实现塔接间的连接。
PCT/CN2012/073881 2011-08-26 2012-04-12 风力发电机塔架及其运输组装方法 WO2013029376A1 (zh)

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