WO2013021952A1 - 植物栽培方法及び植物栽培装置 - Google Patents
植物栽培方法及び植物栽培装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013021952A1 WO2013021952A1 PCT/JP2012/069884 JP2012069884W WO2013021952A1 WO 2013021952 A1 WO2013021952 A1 WO 2013021952A1 JP 2012069884 W JP2012069884 W JP 2012069884W WO 2013021952 A1 WO2013021952 A1 WO 2013021952A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H3/00—Processes for modifying phenotypes, e.g. symbiosis with bacteria
- A01H3/02—Processes for modifying phenotypes, e.g. symbiosis with bacteria by controlling duration, wavelength, intensity, or periodicity of illumination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N13/00—Treatment of microorganisms or enzymes with electrical or wave energy, e.g. magnetism, sonic waves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plant cultivation method and a plant cultivation apparatus. More specifically, the present invention relates to a plant cultivation method and the like that promotes preferable growth by irradiating a plant with artificial light.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a plant irradiation apparatus configured to irradiate a plant alternately with green light and white light.
- This irradiation device constitutes a change of day and night by alternately irradiating with green light with a wavelength of 500 to 570 nm and white light with a wavelength of 300 to 800 nm, thereby facilitating the growth of the plant by facilitating the translocation of the plant. is there.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a plant is cultivated and grown by lighting a light emitting diode emitting blue light (400 to 480 nm) and a light emitting diode emitting red light (620 to 700 nm) simultaneously or alternately.
- a light source for plant cultivation that irradiates light energy for cultivation and tissue culture is disclosed. This light source for plant cultivation is intended to cultivate a plant with high energy efficiency by irradiating only light having a wavelength matching the light absorption peak of chlorophyll (around 450 nm and around 660 nm).
- Patent Document 2 stipulates that blue light and red light may be irradiated simultaneously or alternately (see “Claim 1”).
- Patent Document 2 in the comparison of blue light single irradiation, red light single irradiation, and simultaneous irradiation of blue light and red light, healthy growth similar to cultivation under sunlight (such as a length in single irradiation) under simultaneous irradiation. In comparison with unhealthy growth (see paragraph “0011” in the document), and the growth promoting effect when blue light and red light are alternately applied has not been confirmed. Therefore, Patent Document 2 does not substantially disclose a plant cultivation method by alternately irradiating blue light and red light.
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a plant cultivation method that satisfies these demands.
- the present invention is a plant that promotes favorable growth of a plant by separately performing the step of irradiating the plant with red light illumination light and the step of irradiating the plant with blue light illumination light within a certain period of time.
- “alternately alternately” means that an irradiation cycle including a step of irradiating red light illumination light and a step of irradiating blue light illumination light is repeated at least two cycles.
- the present invention also includes a light irradiation unit that irradiates a plant with red light illumination light and blue light illumination light, a step of controlling the light irradiation unit to irradiate the plant with red light illumination light, and blue light illumination light to the plant.
- a plant cultivation apparatus provided with the step which irradiates and a control part which performs independently independently within a fixed period is provided.
- the control unit maintains the light amount, wavelength, and / or irradiation time of the red light illumination light and the blue light illumination light radiated from the light irradiation unit at a predetermined value or changes them in a predetermined pattern. It is supposed to be.
- the said light irradiation part is comprised including the light emitting diode which radiates
- the present invention provides a first light irradiation unit that irradiates red light illumination light, a second light irradiation unit that emits blue light illumination light, an irradiation position of illumination light from the first light irradiation unit, and the There is also provided a plant cultivating apparatus comprising a conveying means for moving a plant between the irradiation position of illumination light from the second light irradiation unit.
- the “plant” includes at least useful seed plants, that is, leaf vegetables, fruit trees and cereals.
- ferns and moss are widely included in the “plant” in the present invention.
- a plant cultivation method by artificial light irradiation which is simple, energy efficient and capable of obtaining plant cultivation effects such as an excellent growth promoting effect.
- FIG. 6 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing the growth results after 7 days of germination in Test Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing a growth result 14 days after germination in Test Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing a growth result 21 days after germination in Test Example 1.
- Plant cultivation method (1) Cultivation step (1-1) Plant cultivation method according to the first embodiment (1-2) Plant cultivation method according to the second embodiment (1-3) Plant cultivation method according to the third embodiment (1-4) Wavelength (1-5) Light intensity (intensity) (1-6) Irradiation time (2) Condition setting step 2. Plant cultivation device (1) Plant cultivation device according to the first embodiment (1-1) Light irradiation unit (1-2) Control unit (2) Plant cultivation device according to the second embodiment Cultivated plants (1) Leafy vegetables (2) Fruit trees (3) Cereals (4) Moss
- Plant cultivation method (1) Cultivation step (1-1) Plant cultivation method according to the first embodiment
- the plant cultivation method according to the present invention includes a step of irradiating a plant with red light illumination light (hereinafter also referred to as “red light irradiation step”) and a step of irradiating the plant with blue light illumination light (hereinafter also referred to as “blue light irradiation step”). And cultivating the plant separately and independently within a certain period of time.
- red light irradiation step a step of irradiating a plant with red light illumination light
- blue light irradiation step blue light illumination light
- the red illumination light is illumination light including red light having a peak wavelength of 570 to 730 nm.
- the red illumination light only needs to include the red light and may include light having a wavelength region different from that of the red light, but preferably does not include the blue light described below.
- the red illumination light particularly preferably contains only the red light.
- the blue illumination light is illumination light including blue light having a peak wavelength of 400 to 515 nm.
- the blue illumination light only needs to include the blue light and may include light having a wavelength region different from that of the blue light, but preferably does not include the red light.
- the blue illumination light particularly preferably contains only the blue light. Furthermore, it is preferable that the red light illumination light does not include the blue light, the blue light illumination light does not include the red light, and the case where the red light illumination light is only the red light and the blue light illumination light is only the blue light is particularly preferable. .
- fixed period means a period of arbitrary length of time during plant cultivation. This period is the longest cultivation period. Further, the shortest period can be arbitrarily set as long as the effect of the present invention is exhibited. This period may be, for example, time (hr) as a unit of time length, and may be a longer time length unit (for example, day) or a shorter time length unit (for example, minutes). It may be a thing.
- the plant cultivation method according to the present invention can be started or terminated at an arbitrary timing immediately after seeds germinate or immediately after planting seedlings until harvesting, and can be applied at an arbitrary time length. .
- red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step exist separately within the above period.
- the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step may be included at least one step in the period, but it is preferable that two or more steps are included.
- the step of irradiating red light and the step of irradiating blue light may be carried out alternately, and the step of simultaneously irradiating the plant with the red light illumination light and the blue light illumination light or the step of stopping the light irradiation to the plant between the two steps. It may be performed repeatedly and discontinuously. However, in order to enhance the plant growth effect, it is preferable to carry out alternately and continuously. Embodiments of these plant cultivation methods according to the present invention will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. It should be noted that the plant cultivation method according to the present invention can naturally be implemented by appropriately combining the embodiments described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the plant cultivation method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step are alternately and continuously performed.
- reference numeral S 1 indicates a red light irradiation step
- reference numeral S 2 indicates a blue light irradiation step.
- red light irradiation step S 1 and the blue light irradiation step S 2 is performed continuously alternately, irradiation cycle of red light irradiation step S 1 and the blue light irradiation step S 2 Metropolitan is repeated.
- the growth can be remarkably promoted by alternately irradiating the plant with red light illumination light and blue light illumination light (see Examples below). It is also possible to improve the yield by suppressing the chief.
- Plant cultivation method according to the second embodiment Drawing 2 is a figure explaining the procedure of the plant cultivation method concerning a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the step of irradiating red light and the step of irradiating blue light is not performed with a step of simultaneously irradiating a plant with red light illumination light and blue light illumination light (hereinafter also referred to as “simultaneous irradiation step”) between both steps. It is performed repeatedly in succession.
- reference numeral S 3 illustrates the simultaneous irradiation step.
- the red light irradiation step S 1 and the blue light irradiation step S 2 are discontinuously performed with the simultaneous irradiation step S 3 interposed therebetween, and the red light irradiation step S 1 , the simultaneous irradiation step S 3, and the blue light irradiation are performed.
- irradiation cycle consisting of steps S 2 Metropolitan is repeated.
- red light irradiation step S 1 in each irradiation cycle, simultaneous irradiation step S 3 and the blue light irradiation one or performed before the step S 2 is optional.
- FIG. 3 Plant cultivation method according to the third embodiment Drawing 3 is a figure explaining the procedure of the plant cultivation method concerning a third embodiment of the present invention.
- the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step are repeatedly performed discontinuously with a step (hereinafter also referred to as “pause step”) of stopping light irradiation on the plant between both steps. It is.
- reference numeral S 4 shows the idle step.
- the red light irradiation step S 1 and the blue light irradiation step S 2 are discontinuously performed with the pause step S 4 interposed therebetween, and the red light irradiation step S 1 , the pause step S 4 and the blue light irradiation step S are performed.
- the irradiation cycle consisting of 2 is repeated.
- red light irradiation step S 1 in each irradiation cycle, idle step S 4, and the blue light irradiation step S Which of 2 is performed first is arbitrary.
- red light refers to light having a peak wavelength of 570 to 730 nm, and light having a peak wavelength of 635 to 660 nm is preferably used.
- Blue light means light having a peak wavelength of 400 to 515 nm, preferably light having a peak wavelength of 400 to 460 nm.
- the wavelengths of red light and blue light may be changed within the above-mentioned wavelength range.
- the wavelengths may be changed in the Nth irradiation cycle CN (N is an integer of 1 or more).
- the M-th and the N-th irradiation cycles C N (M is one or more different integers N) wavelength and the irradiation cycle C M of may be different within the scope of the wavelength range.
- red light irradiation step S 1 simultaneous irradiation step S 3 and blue light irradiation step S 2 , in addition to red light and blue light, light in a plurality of wavelength regions is combined with light in other wavelength regions. Irradiation may be performed.
- the amount of light (intensity) of the red light illumination light and the blue light illumination light in the red light irradiation step S 1 , the blue light irradiation step S 2 and the simultaneous light irradiation step S 3 is not particularly limited, but for example, photosynthetic photon flux density (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density: PPFD) is about 1 to 1000 ⁇ mol / m 2 s, preferably about 10 to 500 ⁇ mol / m 2 s, and particularly preferably about 20 to 250 ⁇ mol / m 2 s.
- the light quantity (intensity) ratio of the red light illumination light and the blue light illumination light in each of the above steps can be arbitrarily set, but is in the range of about 1: 1 to 20: 1 for “red: blue” or “blue: red”. Is preferred. Specifically, the light quantity ratio is “red: blue” or “blue: red”, for example, 1: 1, 5: 3, 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 10: 1, 20: 1, etc. It can be set as follows. The light amount ratio is particularly preferably “red: blue” and 1: 1 to 3: 1.
- the light amounts of the red light illumination light and the blue light illumination light may be changed within the above-described range.
- the light amount may be changed in the Nth irradiation cycle CN (N is an integer of 1 or more).
- the M-th and the N-th irradiation cycles C N (M is one or more different integers N) the amount of light in the irradiation cycle C M of may be varied within the above range.
- the time of one irradiation cycle is the longest cultivation whole period.
- the shortest time can be arbitrarily set as long as the effect of the present invention is exhibited.
- One irradiation cycle may be, for example, in units of time length (hr), and may be longer time units (eg, days) or shorter time units (eg, minutes). It may be.
- the red light irradiation step S 1 and the blue light irradiation step S 2 are alternately and continuously performed
- the blue light irradiation step S 2 may be 12 hours.
- one irradiation cycle becomes 6 hours, it can be a red light irradiation step S 1 3 hour, 3 hours blue light irradiation step S 2.
- the M-th and the N-th irradiation cycles C N may be changed by the irradiation cycle C M of.
- the irradiation cycle CN can be 12 hours, and the subsequent irradiation cycle CN + 1 can be 6 hours.
- the time ratio of the red light irradiation step S 1 , the blue light irradiation step S 2 , the simultaneous irradiation step S 3 and the pause step S 4 in one irradiation cycle may be arbitrary.
- “red light irradiation step S 1 / blue light irradiation step S 2 ” is set to “12 hours ⁇ 12 hours (1 : 1) "," 16 hours ⁇ 8 hours (2: 1) ",” 21 hours ⁇ 3 hours (7: 1) ", etc.
- the red light irradiation step S 1 and the blue light irradiation step S 2 are irradiated.
- the time is not less than 0.1 hour and less than 48 hours.
- the time ratio between the red light irradiation step S 1 and the blue light irradiation step S 2 may be arbitrary. For example, “red light irradiation step S 1 / blue light irradiation step S 2 ” is changed to “18 hours ⁇ 6. For example, “time”.
- the plant cultivation method preferably includes a step of setting the irradiation conditions of the red light illumination light and the blue light illumination light before the cultivation step described above.
- this condition setting step with respect to the plant to be cultivated, in the illumination environment with the illumination light including the red light illumination light and the blue light illumination light, the red light illumination light capable of obtaining a growth effect equal to or better than the illumination environment with the white light and Irradiation conditions for blue illumination light are set.
- the growth promotion effect can be obtained with higher accuracy by performing the alternate irradiation of the red light illumination light and the blue light illumination light in the cultivation step.
- it is also possible to obtain a growth promoting effect by omitting the condition setting step and performing only the cultivation step.
- the plant is first cultivated in a lighting environment with white light, and the growth of the plant is recorded.
- the white light used here may be natural light.
- a plant is cultivated in an illumination environment in which red light illumination light and blue light illumination light are simultaneously irradiated.
- set multiple irradiation conditions for red light illumination light and blue light illumination light and search for irradiation conditions that can produce growth effects equivalent to or better than the growth under the white light illumination environment recorded earlier.
- the irradiation conditions the light amount ratio of the red light illumination light and the blue light illumination light, the total light amount, the wavelength, and the like should be considered.
- the growth under the white light illumination environment may refer to not only actual test data but also known data from literatures.
- this step is performed as follows, for example. First, plants are cultivated in a fluorescent lamp illumination environment with a light quantity (PPFD) of 140 ⁇ mol / m 2 s. Next, the total light amount is set to a plurality of conditions in the range of about 100 to 500 ⁇ mol / m 2 s, and in combination with this, the light amount ratio is “red: blue” or “blue: red” of about 1: 1 to 20: 1. The plant is cultivated under the simultaneous irradiation environment. And the total light quantity and light quantity ratio with which the growth effect equivalent to or more than the fluorescent lamp illumination environment was obtained are specified.
- PPFD light quantity
- the plant cultivation method according to the present invention is considered to produce a remarkable plant growth promoting effect by making the irradiation of red light and blue light correspond to the mechanism of plant photosynthesis.
- the plant cultivation effect can be further enhanced by using carbon dioxide gas or a drug that is known to have a known growth promoting effect.
- Plant cultivation device (1) Plant cultivation device according to the first embodiment (1-1) Light irradiation unit
- the plant cultivation apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention is capable of executing each procedure of the plant cultivation method described above, and a light irradiation unit that irradiates a plant with red light illumination light and blue light illumination light, and a light irradiation unit And a controller that executes the step of irradiating the plant with red light illumination light and the step of irradiating the plant with blue light illumination light separately within a predetermined period.
- the light irradiator includes a light source that emits red light or blue light.
- the light source of the red light illumination light is preferably a light source that emits light that contains red light and does not contain blue light, and more preferably a light source that emits only red light.
- the light source of the blue illumination light is also preferably a light source that emits light that contains blue light and does not contain red light, more preferably a light source that emits only blue light.
- a light source of blue light illumination light it may be possible to use a light source including blue light in a wavelength component such as a fluorescent lamp, and the light source of red light illumination light also includes a wavelength component other than red light. In some cases, a light source may be used.
- an optical semiconductor element such as a light emitting diode (LED) or a laser diode (LD) that emits light that allows easy wavelength selection and a large proportion of light energy in the effective wavelength region.
- LED light emitting diode
- LD laser diode
- EL electroluminescence
- EL may be organic or inorganic.
- Opt-semiconductor element is small and has a long life, and it emits light at a specific wavelength depending on the material, so there is no unnecessary heat radiation, so energy efficiency is good, and even if it is irradiated close to a plant, it does not cause damage such as burning of leaves. For this reason, it becomes possible by using an optical semiconductor element for a light source to cultivate at a lower power cost and more space-saving than other light sources.
- an SMD line light source in which SMD (2 Chips Surface Mount Device) mounted by combining one red light semiconductor element and one blue light semiconductor element is linearly arranged, or a red light semiconductor element or a blue light semiconductor element
- SMD Chips Surface Mount Device
- a monochromatic line light source or a monochromatic panel light source in which only one of them is arranged in a line or plane can be used.
- a semiconductor element can be driven to blink at a frequency as high as several megahertz (MHz) or more. For this reason, by using the optical semiconductor element as a light source, it is possible to perform switching of each of the red light irradiation step S 1 , the blue light irradiation step S 2 , the simultaneous irradiation step S 3 and the pause step S 4 at extremely high speed. It becomes.
- a red LED includes an aluminum / gallium / indium / phosphorus light emitting diode (gallium / phosphorous substrate, sold by Showa Denko KK as product number HRP-350F).
- the red LED includes a light emitting diode having a product number GM2LR450G.
- Examples of light sources other than light-emitting diodes include straight tube and compact fluorescent lamps and bulb-type fluorescent lamps, high-pressure discharge lamps, metal halide lamps, and laser diodes. In combination with these light sources, an optical filter for selectively using light in the above wavelength range may be used.
- Control unit maintains the light amount (intensity), the wavelength, and / or the irradiation time of the red light illumination light and the blue light illumination light emitted from the light irradiation unit at a predetermined value or changes them in a predetermined pattern.
- the control unit can be configured using a general-purpose computer. For example, when an LED is used as the light source, the control unit adjusts the magnitude of the LED drive current based on a control pattern stored and stored in advance in a memory or a hard disk, and a light quantity ratio of red light illumination light and blue light illumination light, Change the total light amount and irradiation time. Moreover, a control part switches and drives several LED which radiates
- the plant cultivation apparatus indicated by symbol A in the figure includes a first light irradiation unit 1 that irradiates red light illumination light and a second light irradiation unit 2 that irradiates blue light illumination light.
- the plant cultivation apparatus A includes a conveying unit 3 that moves the plant P between the irradiation position of the illumination light from the first light irradiation unit 1 and the irradiation position of the illumination light from the second light irradiation unit 2; It is equipped with.
- the plant cultivation apparatus A is configured to be able to perform the plant cultivation method according to the first embodiment described above, and the first light irradiation unit 1 and the second light irradiation unit 2 sandwich the partition plate 4. It arrange
- the first light irradiation unit 1 and the second light irradiation unit 2 in which the plants P are alternately arranged by the conveying unit 3 are moved in one direction so that the red light illumination light is applied to the plant P.
- the growth of the plant P can be promoted by alternately irradiating with blue illumination light. It is also possible to improve the yield by suppressing the chief.
- the conveying means 3 takes the entire cultivation period of the plant P, from the light irradiation position of the first first light irradiation unit 1 to the light irradiation position of the last second light irradiation unit 2, It is preferably driven to move the plant P.
- the number of the first light irradiation units 1 and the second light irradiation units 2 and the driving speed of the conveying means 3 are the cultivation period and irradiation cycle of the plant P (reference symbol C in FIG. 1). 1 ) and the like.
- the irradiation cycle red light irradiation step for 12 hours and the blue light irradiation step (see the reference numeral S 2) If the 12 hours, the first light emission unit 1 and The second light irradiating units 2 are each provided with 30 pieces, and the conveying means 3 is driven at such a speed that the time for which the plant P is located below each light irradiating unit is 12 hours.
- the arrangement interval of the partition plates 4 is also appropriately set according to the irradiation cycle time and the like. For example, when one irradiation cycle is a red light irradiation step 18 hours and a blue light irradiation step 6 hours, the distance between the two partition plates 4 constituting the first light irradiation unit 1 is set as the second light irradiation unit. 2 is set to be three times the distance between the two partition plates 4 constituting 2.
- the distance is set to be larger or smaller depending on the time change as compared to the distance between the partition plates 4 constituting the first light irradiation unit 1 in the previous stage.
- the plant reciprocates between the irradiation position of the red light illumination light from the first light irradiation unit and the irradiation position of the blue light illumination light from the second light irradiation unit. May be.
- at least one pair of the first light irradiation unit and the second light irradiation unit may be arranged, and the plant may reciprocate below the two light irradiation units by the transport unit.
- the plant cultivation apparatus can also be applied for implementing the plant cultivation method according to the second embodiment and the third embodiment described above.
- the first light irradiation unit 1 and the second light irradiation unit 2 irradiate red light illumination light and blue light illumination light.
- Three light irradiators may be provided.
- plant P which moves from the lower part of the 1st light irradiation part 1 to the lower part of the 2nd light irradiation part 2 by making the light shielding by partitioning plate 4 into an incomplete state partially.
- the red illumination light and the blue illumination light may be temporarily irradiated simultaneously. *
- position a light irradiation part between the 1st light irradiation part 1 and the 2nd light irradiation part 2 And the plant P may move in one direction below the first light irradiation unit, the second light irradiation unit, and the space.
- the cultivated plants targeted by the plant cultivation method and the like according to the present invention are not particularly limited, and are vegetables, potatoes, mushrooms, fruits, beans, cereals, seeds, ornamental plants, ferns Can be moss. Also, the cultivation form of these plants is not particularly limited, and may be hydroponics, soil cultivation, hydroponics, solid medium cultivation, etc.
- Leafy vegetables include cruciferous mizuna, komatsuna, mustard mizuna, mustard, wasabi, watercress, Chinese cabbage, tsukena, chingensai, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, messy cabbage, arugula, pino green, etc .; Japanese burdock, lolorossa, red romaine, chicory, etc .; liliaceae onion, garlic, rakkyo, leek, asparagus, celery parsley, facility parsley, honey bales, celery, seri Such as leeks of the urchinaceae, ginger family: ginger, etc. Examples of lettuce include heading lettuce, non-heading lettuce and semi-heading lettuce.
- leaf lettuce For example, leaf lettuce, frill lettuce, romaine, green wave, green leaf, red leaf, frill ice (registered trademark), river green ( (Registered trademark), ruffle leaf, fringe green, no chip, mocoretas, sanchu, chima sanchu.
- Fruit vegetables include cucurbitaceae melon, cucumber, pumpkin, watermelon, etc .; leguminous beans, broad beans, peas, green beans, etc .; solanaceae tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, etc .; Examples include okra and gramineous corn.
- root vegetables radish, crab, wasabi, etc. of Brassicaceae; burdock of Asteraceae, etc .; carrots of Apiaceae, etc .; potatoes of Solanumae, etc .; taros of Araceae, etc .; Examples include yams; ginger of ginger family; lotus root of water lily family.
- Fruit trees Fruit trees include Raspberry, Blackberry, Boysenberry, Cranberry, etc .; Azalea Blueberry, Cranberry, etc .; Fig. Grape; Grapeaceae grape, etc .; Honeysuckle lotus cup, etc .; Papaya family papaya, etc .;
- Cereals examples include gramineous millet, oat, barley, millet, wheat, rice, glutinous rice, corn, pearl barley, barnyard grass, rye, etc .; amaranthaceae, etc .;
- the moss includes moss belonging to the Magoke class.
- moss belonging to the genus Shimmofurigoceae Grimmiales
- sand moss such as Racomitrium japonicum.
- various ornamental plants including ferns such as Asian Tam, Pteris, and Siwahiba can be cultivated as ornamental plants.
- test groups 1 to 8 having different light environments at the time of growth are prepared, and by comparing these, the irradiation pattern of artificial light and the growth promoting effect on the plant are obtained. The correlation was verified.
- leaf lettuce variety: Summer Surge
- leaf lettuce (variety: Summer Surge) was used as an observation target of the growth state.
- 6 seeds were sown in a growing peat bun at equal intervals and germinated under fluorescent light (12 hours long). All the test groups were placed in the same light environment for 3 days from sowing to germination. After germination, they were placed in each artificial meteorograph having different light environments and allowed to grow for 21 days.
- the environment of the artificial weather device was the same except for the light irradiation conditions, and the temperature was 25 to 27 ° C. and the humidity was 50%.
- the light source for the light environment of this test example includes a red LED (center wavelength: 660 nm, Showa Denko HRP-350F), a red LED (center wavelength: 635 nm, Showa Denko HOD-350F), a blue LED (center wavelength) : 450 nm, Showa Denko GM2LR450G), white LED (near ultraviolet 405 nm excitation, Kyocera TOP-V5000K) and three kinds of LEDs and fluorescent lamps were used.
- the number of mounted one LED is 240 for each of 660 nm and 635 nm for the red LED, 240 for the blue LED, and 128 for the white LED.
- Table 1 shows photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, ⁇ molm ⁇ 2 s ⁇ 1 ), illuminance (lx), ultraviolet intensity (UV-A and UV-420, Wm ⁇ 2 ), light source in the light environment of test groups 1 to 10
- the height (cm) and the duty ratio (%) the average value of 5 points in the height near the soil surface in the growing peat van was shown. Details of the light environment, irradiation light, and irradiation pattern of each test group will be described below.
- Test group 1 lettuce was alternately irradiated with red light (660 nm) and blue light (450 nm) for 12 hours. In this test group, no time for irradiating any light is provided.
- red light (660 nm) has an average PPFD of 80.7 ⁇ mol- 2 s -1 , an illuminance of 1000 lx, UV intensity is 0 Wm- 2 on average for both UV-A and UV-420, The average height was 30 cm, and the duty ratio was 20% on average.
- PPFD averages 56.4 ⁇ molm ⁇ 2 s ⁇ 1
- UV intensity averages UV-A 0 Wm ⁇ 2
- UV-420 averages 9.22 Wm ⁇ 2
- the average height from the light source is 15 cm
- the duty ratio is 30% on average.
- Test group 2 lettuce was irradiated with red light (660 nm) and blue light (450 nm) at the same time for 12 hours, and then for 12 hours, a time during which neither light was irradiated was provided, and this was repeated.
- PPPP illuminance, UV intensity (UV-A and UV-420), height from the light source, and duty ratio in this test group are the same as those in test group 1.
- Test group 3 lettuce was irradiated with red light (660 nm) and blue light (450 nm) simultaneously for 24 hours. In this test group, no time for irradiating any light is provided.
- the light environment in this test group is the sum of red light (660 nm) and blue light (450 nm), PPFD averages 145.3 ⁇ molm ⁇ 2 s ⁇ 1 , illuminance averages 1184 lx, UV intensity averages UV-A 0Wm- 2 , UV-420 is 9.05Wm- 2 , the height from the light source is 30cm on average for red light (660nm), 15cm on average for blue light (450nm), and the duty ratio is red light (660nm) ) Is 20% on average, and blue light (450 nm) is 60% on average.
- Test group 4 lettuce was alternately irradiated with red light (635 nm) and blue light (450 nm) for 12 hours each. In this test group, no time for irradiating any light is provided.
- the total PPFD of red light (635 nm) and blue light (450 nm), illuminance, ultraviolet intensity (UV-A and UV-420), height from the light source, and duty ratio in this test group are the same as those in Test 1. .
- Test group 5 lettuce was irradiated with red light (635 nm) and blue light (450 nm) at the same time for 12 hours, and then, for 12 hours, a time during which neither light was irradiated was provided, and this was repeated.
- the total PPFD of red light (635 nm) and blue light (450 nm), illuminance, ultraviolet intensity (UV-A and UV-420), height from the light source, and duty ratio in this test group are the same as those in test group 1. is there.
- Test group 6 lettuce was irradiated with only red light (660 nm) for 12 hours, and then, for 12 hours, no light was irradiated, and this was repeated.
- the light environment in this test group is that the average PPFD is 139.3 ⁇ molm ⁇ 2 s ⁇ 1 , the illuminance is average 1624 lx, the UV intensity is average 0 Wm ⁇ 2 for both UV-A and UV-420, and the height from the light source is 30 cm on average
- the average duty ratio is 30%.
- Test group 7 lettuce was irradiated with only red light (635 nm) for 12 hours, and then for 12 hours, no light was irradiated, and this was repeated.
- the red light (635 nm) PPFD, illuminance, ultraviolet intensity (UV-A and UV-420), height from the light source, and duty ratio are the same as those in the test group 6.
- Test group 8 lettuce was irradiated with only blue light (450 nm) for 12 hours, and then, for 12 hours, no light was irradiated, and this was repeated.
- the light environment in this test group is as follows: PPFD average 84.1 ⁇ mole- 2 s -1 , illuminance average 283 lx, UV intensity UV-A average 0.33 Wm -2 , UV-420 average 14.5 Wm -2
- the height from the light source is 15 cm on average and the duty ratio is 50% on average.
- Test group 9 lettuce was irradiated with only white light (excitation at 405 nm) for 12 hours, and then for 12 hours, no light was irradiated, and this was repeated.
- Test group 10 lettuce was irradiated with only a fluorescent lamp for 12 hours, and then for 12 hours, no light was irradiated, and this was repeated.
- test groups 1 to 10 started to grow under different light environments, and after 7 days (10 days after sowing of seeds), 14 days (17 days after sowing), and 21 days (24 days after sowing), respectively. At this point, the growth state was observed and measured, and comparison was made between test groups.
- FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the growth state of each test group 7 days after the start of growth under different light environments.
- Table 2 shows the measurement results of the stem length (mm), the first leaf length (cm), the number of true leaves (sheets), and the leaf width length (cm) in each test group at the same time.
- the measured value of each item describes “average value” or “minimum value-maximum value” of 6 samples sown in the same breeding peat van.
- lettuce under alternating irradiation of red light (660 nm) and blue light (450 nm) of test group 1 is the first leaf length compared to other test groups. And the leaf width was shown to be long.
- FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the growth state of each test group 14 days after the start of growth under different light environments.
- the size of the cultivated peat bun is the same.
- Table 3 shows the measurement results of the stem length (mm), the first leaf length (cm), the number of true leaves (sheets), and the leaf width length (cm) in each test group at the same time.
- the measured value of each item describes “average value” or “minimum value-maximum value” of 6 samples.
- lettuce under alternating irradiation of red light (660 nm) and blue light (450 nm) of test group 1 has a longer first leaf length than the other test groups. The characteristic was seen. In addition, the number of true leaves in test group 1 was about 1 or 2 more than in other test groups.
- FIG. 7 is a photograph showing the growth state of each test group 21 days after the start of growth under different light environments.
- Table 4 shows the fresh weight (g) above ground, dry weight above ground (g), the number of leaves (sheets), stem length (cm), leaf length (cm), leaves in each test group at the same time.
- a comparison result is shown in which the growth result of the test group 10 (under a fluorescent lamp) is 100% with respect to the width (cm) and the petiole length (cm).
- the measured value of each item describes the average value of 6 samples as in Table 2.
- test group 1 The number of true leaves in test group 1 was similar to that in test group 2 and test group 10 at the time after 21 days, unlike 14 days after growth. This is considered to be because the growth that increased the number of leaves in Test Group 1 reached a stagnation state between 14 and 21 days after growth.
- leaf length and leaf width length were longer than in Test Group 10. This tendency was not observed in lettuce under the simultaneous irradiation conditions of red light and blue light in Test Groups 2, 3 and 5.
- Test Group 2 and Test Group 5 the stem length was longer than that in Test Group 10. From this result, it was shown that alternating irradiation of red light and blue light can promote only leaf growth while suppressing stem length compared to simultaneous irradiation.
- Table 5 shows anabolic organs (g) and non-anabolic organs (g) in fresh ground weight (g) and dry weight (g) above each test group 21 days after the start of growth in different light environments. The ratio (%) in each total weight of g) and the ratio (%) of the dry weight (g) to the fresh weight (g) are shown.
- Test Group 1 The above-ground fresh weight and above-ground dry weight in Test Group 1 resulted in a higher proportion of anabolic organs than in Test Group 2.
- Test Group 4 the proportion of anabolic organs was higher in the above-ground fresh weight than Test Group 5. This result agrees with the results of promoting the growth of leaf portions in Test Group 1 and Test Group 4 shown in Table 4 and the observation results of the growth state in FIG.
- the red LED center wavelength: 660 nm, Showa Denko HRP-350F
- blue LED center wavelength: 450 nm, Showa Denko GM2LR450G
- fluorescent lamp used in Test Example 1 were used.
- Condition setting step First, cultivation was performed in a fluorescent lamp illumination environment with a light quantity (PPFD) of 140 ⁇ mol / m 2 s (test group 1). Next, cultivation was carried out under the simultaneous irradiation environment of red light and blue light, and an irradiation condition under which a growth effect equal to or higher than that obtained under the white light illumination environment was obtained was searched. As irradiation conditions, a total light amount of 140 ⁇ mol / m 2 s and a “red: blue” light amount ratio of 5: 3 were set.
- test group 2 in which red light and blue light were simultaneously irradiated for 12 hours and then no light was irradiated for 12 hours, the fresh weight above the ground, the leaf length, It was equal to or greater than test group 1 in the leaf width and anabolic organ fresh weight. The same was true for test group 3 in which red light and blue light were simultaneously irradiated for 24 hours, and no time was provided for neither light.
- surface has described the average value of 6 samples seed
- C. Cultivation Step Cultivation was performed under an alternating illumination environment under irradiation conditions of a total light amount of 140 ⁇ mol / m 2 s of red light and blue light and a light amount ratio of 5: 3.
- test groups 5-7, 10 where red light and blue light were alternately irradiated for 3, 6, 12, 24 hours each, after 21 days of growth tests were performed on fresh weight above ground, leaf length, leaf width, and fresh weight on anabolic organs A remarkable growth-promoting effect was confirmed as compared with Groups 1 to 3.
- test groups 8 and 9 in which the red light and the blue light were switched alternately between “18 hours and 6 hours” or “6 hours and 18 hours” the remarkable growth promotion effect was similarly recognized.
- Test Example 1 in which red light and blue light were alternately irradiated for 1 hour at a time, the stem length became longer and a length was generated. Further, in Test Example 11 in which red light and blue light were alternately irradiated for 48 hours each, an effect as compared with test group 1 in a fluorescent lamp illumination environment was recognized, but a test group in a simultaneous irradiation environment of red light and blue light. The effect on 2 and 3 was insufficient.
- Mizuna (variety: Shakisara) was used as an observation target of the growth state.
- 5 to 10 seeds were sown on a growing peat bun at regular intervals and germinated under fluorescent light (12 hours long). All test groups were placed in the same light environment for 3 days from sowing to germination and 7 days after germination. After germination, the seedlings were placed in each artificial meteorograph having a different light environment and grown for 14 days. The environment of the artificial weather device was the same except for the light irradiation conditions, and the temperature was 25 to 27 ° C. and the humidity was 50%.
- the red LED center wavelength: 660 nm, Showa Denko HRP-350F
- blue LED center wavelength: 450 nm, Showa Denko GM2LR450G
- fluorescent lamp used in Test Example 1 were used.
- Condition setting step First, cultivation was performed in a fluorescent lamp illumination environment with a light amount (PPFD) of 140 ⁇ mol / m 2 s (test group 1A). Next, cultivation was carried out under the simultaneous irradiation environment of red light and blue light, and an irradiation condition under which a growth effect equal to or higher than that obtained under the white light illumination environment was obtained was searched. As irradiation conditions, a total light amount of 140 ⁇ mol / m 2 s and a “red: blue” light amount ratio of 1: 1 and 1: 3 were set.
- test group 1 in fresh weight It was equivalent.
- surface has described the average value of 6 samples seed
- Cultivation step Cultivation was performed under an illumination environment with alternating illumination under irradiation conditions of a total light amount of 140 ⁇ mol / m 2 s of red light and blue light and a light amount ratio of 1: 1 or 1: 3.
- cultivation was performed again in a fluorescent lamp illumination environment with a light amount (PPFD) of 140 ⁇ mol / m 2 s (test group 1B).
- test groups 4 and 5 in which red light and blue light were alternately irradiated for 12 hours each, after 7 days of growth, a remarkable growth promoting effect was confirmed in fresh weight as compared to test group 1B. .
- the red LED center wavelength: 660 nm, Showa Denko HRP-350F
- blue LED center wavelength: 450 nm, Showa Denko GM2LR450G
- fluorescent lamp used in Test Example 1 were used.
- Condition setting step First, cultivation was performed in a fluorescent lamp illumination environment with a light quantity (PPFD) of 140 ⁇ mol / m 2 s (test group 1). Next, cultivation was carried out under the simultaneous irradiation environment of red light and blue light, and an irradiation condition under which a growth effect equal to or higher than that obtained under the white light illumination environment was obtained was searched. As irradiation conditions, a total light amount of 140 ⁇ mol / m 2 s and a “red: blue” light amount ratio of 5: 3 were set.
- test group 2 in which red light and blue light were irradiated simultaneously for 12 hours after growth for 14 hours and then no light was irradiated for 12 hours, the test group was measured at fresh weight and leaf length. It was equivalent to 1.
- surface has described the average value of 6 samples seed
- C. Cultivation step Cultivation was performed under an alternating illumination environment under irradiation conditions of a total light amount of 140 ⁇ mol / m 2 s of red light and blue light and a light amount ratio of 5: 3.
- test group 3 in which red light and blue light were alternately irradiated for 12 hours each, after 14 days of growth, a remarkable growth promoting effect was confirmed in fresh weight and leaf length compared to test groups 1 and 2.
- Test Example 5 About various cultivated plants, the growth promotion effect by alternating irradiation of red light and blue light was confirmed.
- material As the material, two types of leaf lettuce (variety: red fire, black rose) germinated in the same manner as in Test Example 1 were used. The temperature and humidity of the artificial weather device were the same as those in Test Example 1.
- Japanese radish (variety: red chime) and turnip (variety: summer hakley) were also used as materials.
- 6 seeds were sown in a growing peat bun at equal intervals and germinated under fluorescent light (12 hours long). All the test groups were placed in the same light environment for 3 days from sowing to germination. After germination, they were placed in each artificial meteorograph having different light environments and grown for 24 days. The environment of the artificial weather device was the same except for the light irradiation conditions, and the temperature was 25 to 27 ° C. and the humidity was 50%.
- the red LED center wavelength: 660 nm, Showa Denko HRP-350F
- blue LED center wavelength: 450 nm, Showa Denko GM2LR450G
- fluorescent lamp used in Test Example 1 were used.
- Photosynthetic photon flux density of the red light and blue light PPFD, ⁇ molm -2 s -1) was adjusted at the center of the development Pitoban so that each becomes 87.5,52.5 ⁇ molm -2 s -1.
- Tables 10-13 show the results for Red Fire, Black Rose, Red Chime and Summer Hakuley, respectively.
- surface has described the average value of 6 samples seed
- the growth promotion effect was observed in the test group 3 in the alternate irradiation environment as compared with the test group 1 in the fluorescent lamp illumination environment and the test group 2 in the simultaneous irradiation environment (after 21 days of growth).
- the growth promoting effect was confirmed by the length and thickness of the root (see Table 12).
- the growth was promoted at least in the length and thickness of the root compared to test group 1 in the fluorescent lamp illumination environment. In the underground fresh weight, a large effect was confirmed (see Table 13).
- the growth of plants can be promoted by a simple method, and the number of harvests per unit time, yield, etc. can be increased.
- the plant cultivation method etc. which concern on this invention can be used suitably for artificial cultivations, such as leaf vegetables, a fruit, and cereals.
- A Plant cultivation apparatus
- P Plant
- S 1 Red light irradiation step
- S 2 Blue light irradiation step
- S 3 Simultaneous irradiation step
- S 4 Rest step
- C 1 , C 2 Cycle
- 1 First One light irradiation unit
- 2 second light irradiation unit
- 3 transport means
- 4 partition plate
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Abstract
Description
この知見に基づき、本発明は、赤色光照明光を植物に照射するステップと、青色光照明光を植物に照射するステップと、を一定期間内に別個独立に行うことによって植物の好ましい生長を促進する植物栽培方法を提供する。
この植物栽培方法(執行メソッド(Shigyo Method))は、具体的には、赤色光照明光を照射するステップと、青色光照明光を照射するステップと、を交互に連続して行うものである。なお、ここで「交互に連続」とは、赤色光照明光を照射するステップと青色光照明光を照射するステップとからなる照射サイクルを少なくとも2サイクル以上繰り返すことを意味する。
この植物栽培装置において、前記制御部は、前記光照射部から放射される赤色光照明光及び青色光照明光の光量、波長及び/又は照射時間を所定値に維持するか、あるいは所定のパターンで変化させるものとされる。また、前記光照射部は、赤色光又は青色光を放射する発光ダイオードを含んで構成されることが好ましい。
さらに、本発明は、赤色光照明光を照射する第一の光照射部と、青色光照明光を照射する第二の光照射部と、前記第一の光照射部からの照明光の照射位置と前記第二の光照射部からの照明光の照射位置との間で植物を移動させる搬送手段と、を備える植物栽培装置をも提供する。
1.植物栽培方法
(1)栽培ステップ
(1-1)第一実施形態に係る植物栽培方法
(1-2)第二実施形態に係る植物栽培方法
(1-3)第三実施形態に係る植物栽培方法
(1-4)波長
(1-5)光量(強度)
(1-6)照射時間
(2)条件設定ステップ
2.植物栽培装置
(1)第一実施形態に係る植物栽培装置
(1-1)光照射部
(1-2)制御部
(2)第二実施形態に係る植物栽培装置
3.栽培植物
(1)葉菜類
(2)果樹類
(3)穀類
(4)コケ類など
(1)栽培ステップ
(1-1)第一実施形態に係る植物栽培方法
本発明に係る植物栽培方法は、赤色光照明光を植物に照射するステップ(以下「赤色光照射ステップ」とも称する)と、青色光照明光を植物に照射するステップ(以下「青色光照射ステップ」とも称する)と、を一定期間内に別個独立に行って植物を栽培するステップを含む。
赤色光照明光は、ピーク波長が570~730nmの赤色光を含む照明光である。赤色光照明光は、上記赤色光を含んでいればよく、上記赤色光と異なる波長域の光を含んでいてもよいが、次に述べる青色光を含まないことが好ましい。赤色光照明光は、特に好ましくは、上記赤色光のみを含む。青色光照明光は、ピーク波長が400~515nmの青色光を含む照明光である。青色光照明光は、上記青色光を含んでいればよく、上記青色光と異なる波長域の光を含んでいてもよいが、上述の赤色光を含まないことが好ましい。青色光照明光は、特に好ましくは、上記青色光のみを含む。さらに、赤色光照明光が前記青色光を含まず、青色光照明光が前記赤色光を含まない場合が好ましく、赤色光照明光が前記赤色光のみで、青色光照明光が前記青色光のみの場合が特に好ましい。
図2は、本発明の第二実施形態に係る植物栽培方法の手順を説明する図である。この実施形態は、赤色光照射ステップと青色光照射ステップとを、両ステップの間に赤色光照明光及び青色光照明光を植物に同時照射するステップ(以下「同時照射ステップ」とも称する)を挟んで不連続に繰り返して行うものである。
図3は、本発明の第三実施形態に係る植物栽培方法の手順を説明する図である。この実施形態は、赤色光照射ステップと青色光照射ステップとを、両ステップの間に植物への光照射を休止するステップ(以下「休止ステップ」とも称する)を挟んで不連続に繰り返して行うものである。
上述した各実施形態に係る植物栽培方法において、赤色光はピーク波長が570~730nmの光をいい、好適にはピーク波長が635~660nmの光が用いられる。また、青色光はピーク波長が400~515nmの光をいい、好適にはピーク波長が400~460nmの光が用いられる。
赤色光照射ステップS1、青色光照射ステップS2及び同時照射ステップS3における赤色光照明光及び青色光照明光の光量(強度)は、特に限定されないが、例えば光合成光量子束密度(Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density:PPFD)でそれぞれ1~1000μmol/m2s、好ましくは10~500μmol/m2s、特に好ましくは20~250μmol/m2s程度とされる。
また、上記各ステップにおける赤色光照明光及び青色光照明光の光量(強度)比は、任意に設定され得るが、「赤:青」あるいは「青:赤」で1:1~20:1程度の範囲が好ましい。光量比は、具体的には、「赤:青」あるいは「青:赤」で例えば1:1、5:3、2:1、3:1、4:1、10:1、20:1などのように設定され得る。光量比は、特に好ましくは、「赤:青」で1:1~3:1とされる。
上述した各実施形態に係る植物栽培方法において、一つの照射サイクルの時間は、最長で栽培全期間である。また、最短の時間は、本発明の効果が奏される限りにおいて任意に設定できる。一つの照射サイクルは、例えば時間(hr)を時間長の単位とするものであってよく、さらにより長い時間長単位(例えば日(day))あるいはより短い時間長単位(例えば分(minutes))とするものであってもよい。
また、一つの照射サイクル内における赤色光照射ステップS1、青色光照射ステップS2、同時照射ステップS3及び休止ステップS4の時間比は、任意であってよい。例えば、上述の第一実施形態に係る植物栽培方法において、一つの照射サイクルを一日とする場合、「赤色光照射ステップS1・青色光照射ステップS2」を「12時間・12時間(1:1)」、「16時間・8時間(2:1)」、「21時間・3時間(7:1)」などのように任意に設定し得る。
特に好ましくは、赤色光照射ステップS1と青色光照射ステップS2を交互に連続して行う第一実施形態に係る植物栽培方法において、赤色光照射ステップS1と青色光照射ステップS2の照射時間を0.1時間以上48時間未満とする。高い植物生長効果を得るため、赤色光照射ステップS1と青色光照射ステップS2の照射時間は3時間以上24時間以下とすることが最も好ましい。この場合においても、赤色光照射ステップS1と青色光照射ステップS2の時間比は任意であってよく、例えば「赤色光照射ステップS1・青色光照射ステップS2」を「18時間・6時間」などのようにしてよい。
本発明に係る植物栽培方法は、上述した栽培ステップの前段に、赤色光照明光と青色光照明光の照射条件を設定するステップを含むことが好ましい。この条件設定ステップでは、栽培対象とする植物について、赤色光照明光と青色光照明光とを含む照明光による照明環境下において、白色光による照明環境下と同等以上の生長効果が得られる赤色光照明光と青色光照明光の照射条件が設定される。設定された照射条件に従って、栽培ステップにおいて赤色光照明光と青色光照明光の交互照射を行うことで生長促進効果を一層確度高く得ることが可能となる。なお、条件設定ステップを省略して栽培ステップのみを行うことにより、生長促進効果を得ることも可能である。
本ステップは、具体的には例えば以下のように行われる。まず、光量(PPFD)140μmol/m2sの蛍光灯照明環境下での植物の栽培を行う。次に、総光量を100~500μmol/m2s程度の範囲で複数条件に設定し、これに組み合わせて光量比を「赤:青」あるいは「青:赤」で1:1~20:1程度の範囲で複数条件に設定し、同時照射環境下で植物の栽培を行う。そして、蛍光灯照明環境下と同等以上の成長効果が得られた総光量及び光量比を特定する。
(1)第一実施形態に係る植物栽培装置
(1-1)光照射部
本発明の第一実施形態に係る植物栽培装置は、上述した植物栽培方法の各手順を実行可能なものであり、赤色光照明光及び青色光照明光を植物に照射する光照射部と、光照射部を制御して、赤色光照明光を植物に照射するステップと、青色光照明光を植物に照射するステップと、を一定期間内に別個独立に実行する制御部と、を備える。
制御部は、光照射部から放射される赤色光照明光及び青色光照明光の光量(強度)、波長及び/又は照射時間を所定値に維持するか、あるいは所定のパターンで変化させる。
図4に、本発明の第二実施形態に係る植物栽培装置の構成を模式的に示す。図中符号Aで示す植物栽培装置は、赤色光照明光を照射する第一の光照射部1と、青色光照明光を照射する第二の光照射部2と、を備える。また、植物栽培装置Aは、第一の光照射部1からの照明光の照射位置と第二の光照射部2からの照明光の照射位置との間で植物Pを移動させる搬送手段3と、を備えている。図には、第一の光照射部1及び第二の光照射部2に単色パネル光源を用い、搬送手段3を、植物Pを載置可能なコンベヤとして構成した場合を例示した(図中ブロック矢印はコンベヤの駆動方向を示す)。
植物栽培装置Aは、上述した第一実施形態に係る植物栽培方法を実施可能に構成されたものであり、第一の光照射部1及び第二の光照射部2は仕切板4を挟んで配設され、搬送手段3による植物Pの移動方向に沿って交互に配列している。第一の光照射部1及び第二の光照射部2は、2組以上配置される。第一の光照射部1の下方に搬送された植物Pには、仕切板4によって隣接する第二の光照射部2から放射される青色光照明光が遮光されているため、第一の光照射部1からの赤色光照明光のみが照射されるようにされている。同様に、第二の光照射部2の下方に搬送された植物Pには、青色光照明光のみが照射される。
植物栽培装置Aでは、搬送手段3によって植物Pを交互に配列した第一の光照射部1及び第二の光照射部2の下方を一方向に移動させて、植物Pに対して赤色光照明光と青色光照明光を交互に照射することにより、植物Pの生長を促進できる。また、徒長を抑制して、収穫量を向上させることも可能である。
仕切板4の配設間隔も、照射サイクルの時間等に応じて適宜設定される。例えば、一つの照射サイクルを赤色光照射ステップ18時間及び青色光照射ステップ6時間とする場合、第一の光照射部1を構成する2つの仕切板4間の距離を、第二の光照射部2を構成する2つの仕切板4間の距離の3倍に設定する。また、例えば、一つの照射サイクルにおける赤色光照射ステップの時間を、前段の照射サイクルにおける赤色光照射ステップの時間から変化させる場合、一つの第一の光照射部1を構成する仕切板4間の距離を、前段の第一の光照射部1を構成する仕切板4間の距離に比して時間変化に応じて大きく又は小さく設定する。
なお、ここでは、搬送手段3による植物Pの移動方向に沿って交互に配列する第一の光照射部1及び第二の光照射部2の下方を植物Pが一方向に移動される例を説明したが、本発明に係る植物栽培装置において、植物は第一の光照射部からの赤色光照明光の照射位置と第二の光照射部からの青色光照明光の照射位置との間を往復移動されてもよい。この場合、第一の光照射部と第二の光照射部を少なくとも1組配し、搬送手段によって植物が二つの光照射部の下方を往復するようにすればよい。
また、第三実施形態に係る植物栽培方法へ適用する場合には、植物栽培装置Aにおいて、第一の光照射部1及び第二の光照射部2の間に光照射部を配設しない空間を設け、植物Pが第一の光照射部、第二の光照射部及び前記空間の下方を一方向に移動するようにすればよい。
本発明に係る植物栽培方法等が対象とする栽培植物は、特に限定されることなく、野菜類、いも類、きのこ類、果実類、豆類、穀物類、種実類、観賞用植物類、シダ類、コケ類などとできる。また、これらの植物の栽培形態も、特に限定されることなく、水耕栽培、土耕栽培、養液栽培、固形培地耕などであってよい、
葉菜類としては、アブラナ科のミズナ、コマツナ、カラシミズナ、カラシナ、ワサビナ、クレソン、ハクサイ、ツケナ類、チンゲンサイ、キャベツ、カリフラワー、ブロッコリー、メキャベツ、ルッコラ、ピノグリーンなど;キク科のレタス類、サラダナ、シュンギク、フキ、ロロロッサ、レッドロメイン、チコリーなど;ユリ科のタマネギ、ニンニク、ラッキョウ、ニラ、アスパラガスなど、セリ科のパセリ、イタリアンパセリ、ミツバ、セルリー、セリなど;シソ科のシソ、バジルなど;ネギ科のネギなど;ウコギ科のウドなど、ショウガ科:ミョウガなどが挙げられる。
レタス類としては、結球性レタス、非結球レタス及び半結球レタスなどが含まれ、例えば、リーフレタス、フリルレタス、ロメイン、グリーンウェーブ、グリーンリーフ、レッドリーフ、フリルアイス(登録商標)、リバーグリーン(登録商標)、フリルリーフ、フリンジグリーン、ノーチップ、モコレタス、サンチュ、チマ・サンチュが挙げられる。
果樹類としては、バラ科のラズベリー、ブラックベリー、ボイセンベリー、ユスラウメなど;ツツジ科のブルーベリー、クランベリーなど;スグリ科のスグリ、フサスグリなど;ウルシ科のマンゴーなど;パイナップル科のパイナップルなど;クワ科のイチジクなど;ブドウ科のブドウなど;スイカズラ科のハスカップなど;パパイヤ科のパパイヤなど;トケイソウ科のパッションフルーツなど;サボテン科のドラゴンフルーツなどが挙げられれる。
穀類としては、イネ科のアワ、エンバク、オオムギ、キビ、コムギ、コメ、モチゴメ、トウモロコシ、ハトムギ、ヒエ、ライムギなど;ヒユ科のアマランサスなど;タデ科のソバなどが挙げられる。
コケ類としては、マゴケ綱に属するコケ類が含まれる。例えば、エゾスナゴケ(Racomitrium japonicum)等、いわゆる砂苔と称される、キボウシゴケ目(Grimmiales)ギボウシゴケ科シモフリゴケ属のコケ類が挙げられる。
本発明に係る植物栽培方法又は植物栽培装置に関して、生育時の光環境の異なる試験群1~8を用意し、これらを比較することによって、人工光の照射パターンと植物への生長促進効果との相関を検証した。
(材料)
本試験例では、生育状態の観察対象としてリーフレタス(品種:サマーサージ)を用いた。まず、種子を6粒、育成ピートバンに等間隔に播種し、蛍光灯下(12時間日長)において発芽させた。播種から発芽までの3日間は、何れの試験群においても、同一の光環境下に置いた。発芽後、光環境の異なる各々の人工気象器内に置き、21日間生育させた。人工気象器の環境は、光照射条件以外、全て同一として、気温25~27℃、湿度50%とした。
本試験例の光環境のための光源には、赤色LED(中心波長:660nm、昭和電工製HRP-350F)、赤色LED(中心波長:635nm、昭和電工製HOD-350F)、青色LED(中心波長:450nm、昭和電工製GM2LR450G)、白色LED(近紫外405nm励起、京セラ製TOP-V5000K)の、3種類のLED及び蛍光灯を用いた。各LEDの1セットの実装数は、赤色LEDが660nm、635nm共に各240個、青色LEDが240個、白色LEDが128個である。
本試験群では、レタスに、赤色光(660nm)と青色光(450nm)を12時間ずつ交互に照射した。本試験群においては、何れの光も照射しない時間は設けていない。
本試験群では、レタスに、赤色光(660nm)と青色光(450nm)を12時間同時に照射し、その後12時間は、何れの光も照射しない時間を設け、これを繰り返した。
本試験群では、レタスに、赤色光(660nm)と青色光(450nm)を24時間同時に照射した。本試験群においては、何れの光も照射しない時間は設けていない。
本試験群では、レタスに、赤色光(635nm)と青色光(450nm)を12時間ずつ交互に照射した。本試験群においては、何れの光も照射しない時間は設けていない。
本試験群では、レタスに、赤色光(635nm)と青色光(450nm)を12時間同時に照射し、その後12時間は、何れの光も照射しない時間を設け、これを繰り返した。
本試験群では、レタスに、赤色光(660nm)のみを12時間照射し、その後12時間、何れの光も照射しない時間を設け、これを繰り返した。
本試験群では、レタスに、赤色光(635nm)のみを12時間照射し、その後12時間、何れの光も照射しない時間を設け、これを繰り返した。
本試験群では、レタスに、青色光(450nm)のみを12時間照射し、その後12時間、何れの光も照射しない時間を設け、これを繰り返した。
本試験群では、レタスに、白色光(405nm励起)のみを12時間照射し、その後12時間、何れの光も照射しない時間を設け、これを繰り返した。
本試験群では、レタスに、蛍光灯のみを12時間照射し、その後12時間、何れの光も照射しない時間を設け、これを繰り返した。
上述の試験群1~10は、発芽後、異なる光環境下で生育を開始し、7日後(種子の播種10日後)、14日後(播種17日後)、21日後(播種24日後)の各々の時点で、生育状態を観察、測定し、試験群間の比較を行った。
図5は、異なる光環境下で生育を開始してから7日後の各々の試験群の生育状態を写真で示す。また、表2には、同時点の、各試験群における、茎長(mm)、第1葉長(cm)、本葉数(枚)、葉幅長(cm)の測定結果を示す。各項目の測定値は、同一の育成ピートバン内に播種された、6サンプルの「平均値」又は「最小値-最大値」を記載している。
図6は、異なる光環境下で生育を開始してから14日後の各々の試験群の生育状態を写真で示す。なお、各写真において、育成ピートバンの大きさは同一である。また、表3には、同時点の、各試験群における、茎長(mm)、第1葉長(cm)、本葉数(枚)、葉幅長(cm)の測定結果を示す。各項目の測定値は、表2と同様、6サンプルの「平均値」又は「最小値-最大値」を記載している。
図7は、異なる光環境下で生育を開始してから21日後の各々の試験群の生育状態を写真で示す。なお、各写真において、育成ピートバンの大きさは同一である。また、表4は、同時点の各試験群における、地上部新鮮重(g)、地上部乾燥重(g)、本葉数(枚)、茎長(cm)、葉身長(cm)、葉幅長(cm)、葉柄長(cm)について、試験群10(蛍光灯下)の生育結果を100%とした、比較結果を示す。各項目の測定値は、表2と同様、6サンプルの平均値を記載している。
試験群1及び試験群4では、葉身長と葉幅長が試験群10に比べ長かった。この傾向は試験群2、3及び5の赤色光と青色光との同時照射条件でのレタスでは認められなかった。一方、試験群2及び試験群5においては、茎長が試験群10に比べ長かった。この結果から、赤色光と青色光の交互照射では、同時照射に比して、茎の徒長を抑止しつつ葉の生長のみを促進できることが示された。
本試験例の結果から、赤色光と青色光の交互照射は、植物の生長を促進することが示された。また、前記交互照射は葉の生長を促進する一方、茎の徒長は促進しないことが示された。この効果は、赤色光と青色光の同時照射や、いずれか一方の単独照射下においては再現されず、赤色光と青色光の交互照射によってのみ得られることが明らかとなった。本試験例に示す結果から、本発明に記載の植物栽培方法、及び植物栽培装置は、植物の生長促進に有効であることが示された。
一つの照射サイクルの時間、及び照射サイクル内における赤色光照射ステップと青色光照射ステップとの時間比を変更し、赤色光と青色光の交互照射による生長促進効果についてさらに検討を行った。
(材料)
材料には、リーフレタス(品種:サマーサージ)を試験例1と同様にして発芽させたものを用いた。人工気象器の温度及び湿度も試験例1と同一環境とした。
試験例1で用いた赤色LED(中心波長:660nm、昭和電工製HRP-350F)、青色LED(中心波長:450nm、昭和電工製GM2LR450G)及び蛍光灯を使用した。
初めに光量(PPFD)140μmol/m2sの蛍光灯照明環境下で栽培を行った(試験群1)。次に、赤色光と青色光の同時照射環境下において栽培を行い、白色光照明環境下での生長と対比して同等以上の成長効果が得られる照射条件を探索した。照射条件として、総光量140μmol/m2s、「赤:青」光量比5:3を設定した。
赤色光と青色光の総光量140μmol/m2s、光量比5:3の照射条件で、交互照射照明環境下での栽培を行った。
栽培植物を変更し、赤色光と青色光の交互照射による生長促進効果についてさらに検討を行った。
A.材料と方法
(材料)
本試験例では、生育状態の観察対象としてミズナ(品種:シャキさら)を用いた。まず、種子を5~10粒、育成ピートバンに等間隔に播種し、蛍光灯下(12時間日長)において発芽させた。播種から発芽までの3日間及び発芽後の7日間は、何れの試験群においても、同一の光環境下に置いた。発芽後、光環境の異なる各々の人工気象器内に置き、14日間生育させた。人工気象器の環境は、光照射条件以外、全て同一として、気温25~27℃、湿度50%とした。
試験例1で用いた赤色LED(中心波長:660nm、昭和電工製HRP-350F)、青色LED(中心波長:450nm、昭和電工製GM2LR450G)及び蛍光灯を使用した。
初めに光量(PPFD)140μmol/m2sの蛍光灯照明環境下で栽培を行った(試験群1A)。次に、赤色光と青色光の同時照射環境下において栽培を行い、白色光照明環境下での生長と対比して同等以上の成長効果が得られる照射条件を探索した。照射条件として、総光量140μmol/m2s、「赤:青」光量比1:1及び1:3を設定した。
赤色光と青色光の総光量140μmol/m2s、光量比1:1あるいは1:3の照射条件で、交互照射照明環境下での栽培を行った。併せて、再度、光量(PPFD)140μmol/m2sの蛍光灯照明環境下で栽培を行った(試験群1B)。
表8に示すように、赤色光と青色光を12時間ずつ交互に照射した試験群4,5では、生育7日後、新鮮重において試験群1Bに比して顕著な生長促進効果が確認された。
栽培植物を変更し、赤色光と青色光の交互照射による生長促進効果についてさらに検討を行った。
A.材料と方法
(材料)
本試験例では、生育状態の観察対象として芽ねぎを用いた。まず、種子を6粒、育成ピートバンに等間隔に播種し、蛍光灯下(12時間日長)において発芽させた。播種から発芽までの3日間は、何れの試験群においても、同一の光環境下に置いた。発芽後、光環境の異なる各々の人工気象器内に置き、24日間生育させた。人工気象器の環境は、光照射条件以外、全て同一として、気温25~27℃、湿度50%とした。
試験例1で用いた赤色LED(中心波長:660nm、昭和電工製HRP-350F)、青色LED(中心波長:450nm、昭和電工製GM2LR450G)及び蛍光灯を使用した。
初めに光量(PPFD)140μmol/m2sの蛍光灯照明環境下で栽培を行った(試験群1)。次に、赤色光と青色光の同時照射環境下において栽培を行い、白色光照明環境下での生長と対比して同等以上の成長効果が得られる照射条件を探索した。照射条件として、総光量140μmol/m2s、「赤:青」光量比5:3を設定した。
赤色光と青色光の総光量140μmol/m2s、光量比5:3の照射条件で、交互照射照明環境下での栽培を行った。
種々の栽培植物について、赤色光と青色光の交互照射による生長促進効果を確認した。
(材料)
材料には、2種類のリーフレタス(品種:レッドファイヤー、ブラックローズ)を試験例1と同様にして発芽させたものを用いた。人工気象器の温度及び湿度も試験例1と同一環境とした。
また、材料として、ハツカダイコン(品種:レッドチャイム)とカブ(品種:夏ハクレイ)も用いた。まず、種子を6粒、育成ピートバンに等間隔に播種し、蛍光灯下(12時間日長)において発芽させた。播種から発芽までの3日間は、何れの試験群においても、同一の光環境下に置いた。発芽後、光環境の異なる各々の人工気象器内に置き、24日間生育させた。人工気象器の環境は、光照射条件以外、全て同一として、気温25~27℃、湿度50%とした。
試験例1で用いた赤色LED(中心波長:660nm、昭和電工製HRP-350F)、青色LED(中心波長:450nm、昭和電工製GM2LR450G)及び蛍光灯を使用した。赤色光及び青色光の光合成光量子束密度(PPFD、μmolm‐2s‐1)は、育成ピートバンの中心部においてそれぞれ87.5,52.5μmolm‐2s‐1になるように調節した。
Claims (13)
-
赤色光照明光を植物に照射するステップと、青色光照明光を前記植物に照射するステップと、を一定期間内に別個独立に行う植物栽培方法。 - 前記赤色光照明光を照射するステップと、前記青色光照明光を照射するステップと、を交互に連続して行う請求項1記載の植物栽培方法。
- 前記赤色光照明光を照射するステップ及び前記青色光照明光を照射するステップの照射時間を0.1時間以上48時間未満とする請求項1又は2記載の植物栽培方法。
- 前記照射時間を3時間以上24時間以下とする請求項3記載の植物栽培方法。
- 前記赤色光照明光と前記青色光照明光の光量比が、1:20~20:1である請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の植物栽培方法。
- 前記植物が葉菜類、果樹類又は穀類である請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の植物栽培方法。
- 栽培対象とする植物について、白色光による照明環境下と同等以上の生長効果が得られる赤色光照明光と青色光照明光とを含む照明光の照射条件にて、前記赤色光照明光を前記植物に照射するステップと、前記青色光照明光を前記植物に照射するステップと、を一定期間内に別個独立に行って前記植物を栽培する植物栽培方法。
- 前記植物について、前記赤色光照明光と前記青色光照明光とを含む照明光による照明環境下において、前記白色光による照明環境下と同等以上の生長効果が得られる前記赤色光照明光と前記青色光照明光の前記照射条件を設定するステップを含む請求項7記載の植物栽培方法。
- 前記照射条件は、前記赤色光照明光と前記青色光照明光の光量比及び総光量である請求項7又は8記載の植物栽培方法。
- 赤色光照明光と青色光照明光を植物に照射する光照射部と、
光照射部を制御して、前記赤色光照明光を前記植物に照射するステップと、前記青色光照明光を前記植物に照射するステップと、を一定期間内に別個独立に実行する制御部と、を備える植物栽培装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記光照射部から放射される前記赤色光照明光及び前記青色光照明光の光量、波長及び/又は照射時間を所定値に維持するか、あるいは所定のパターンで変化させる請求項10記載の植物栽培装置。
- 前記光照射部に、赤色光又は青色光を放射する発光ダイオードを含む請求項10又は11記載の植物栽培装置。
-
赤色光照明光を照射する第一の光照射部と、
青色光照明光を照射する第二の光照射部と、
前記第一の光照射部からの照明光の照射位置と前記第二の光照射部からの照明光の照射位置との間で植物を移動させる搬送手段と、を備える植物栽培装置。
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WO2016189773A1 (ja) | 2015-05-25 | 2016-12-01 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 植物栽培装置 |
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WO2017209187A1 (ja) * | 2016-06-02 | 2017-12-07 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 人工光を利用したホウレンソウ栽培法 |
WO2018143407A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 | 2018-08-09 | Showa Denko K.K. | Method for cultivating plant seedling by artificial light |
WO2019031559A1 (ja) | 2017-08-08 | 2019-02-14 | Agcグリーンテック株式会社 | 植物栽培方法、及び植物栽培装置 |
US11382283B2 (en) | 2017-08-08 | 2022-07-12 | Agc Green-Tech Co., Ltd. | Plant cultivation method and plant cultivation device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN103747670B (zh) | 2016-03-09 |
JP5926834B2 (ja) | 2016-05-25 |
JP2015142585A (ja) | 2015-08-06 |
EP2740349A1 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
TWI551216B (zh) | 2016-10-01 |
TW201306733A (zh) | 2013-02-16 |
RU2014108314A (ru) | 2015-09-10 |
JP2015128448A (ja) | 2015-07-16 |
EP2740348A1 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
RU2593905C2 (ru) | 2016-08-10 |
JP5729786B2 (ja) | 2015-06-03 |
CN103687478B (zh) | 2015-09-23 |
JPWO2013021675A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
CN103747670A (zh) | 2014-04-23 |
US20140170733A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
CN103687478A (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
EP2740348B1 (en) | 2020-05-06 |
EP2740349B1 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
TWI693882B (zh) | 2020-05-21 |
EP2740348A4 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
US20140165462A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
WO2013021676A1 (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
TW201306734A (zh) | 2013-02-16 |
JPWO2013021952A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
JP5729785B2 (ja) | 2015-06-03 |
WO2013021675A1 (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
EP2740349A4 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
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