WO2012144284A1 - Xy分離クランク機構およびこれを備えた駆動装置 - Google Patents
Xy分離クランク機構およびこれを備えた駆動装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012144284A1 WO2012144284A1 PCT/JP2012/056970 JP2012056970W WO2012144284A1 WO 2012144284 A1 WO2012144284 A1 WO 2012144284A1 JP 2012056970 W JP2012056970 W JP 2012056970W WO 2012144284 A1 WO2012144284 A1 WO 2012144284A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- crankshaft
- piston
- support
- crank
- axis direction
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/32—Engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding main groups
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/04—Crankshafts, eccentric-shafts; Cranks, eccentrics
- F16C3/06—Crankshafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B53/006—Crankshafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
- F04B9/02—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
- F04B9/02—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical
- F04B9/04—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical the means being cams, eccentrics or pin-and-slot mechanisms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
- F04B9/02—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical
- F04B9/04—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical the means being cams, eccentrics or pin-and-slot mechanisms
- F04B9/042—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical the means being cams, eccentrics or pin-and-slot mechanisms the means being cams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H21/00—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides
- F16H21/10—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane
- F16H21/16—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion
- F16H21/18—Crank gearings; Eccentric gearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H21/00—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides
- F16H21/10—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane
- F16H21/16—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion
- F16H21/18—Crank gearings; Eccentric gearings
- F16H21/36—Crank gearings; Eccentric gearings without swinging connecting-rod, e.g. with epicyclic parallel motion, slot-and-crank motion
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to an XY separation crank mechanism that converts a reciprocating motion into a rotational motion and transmits the same, and also converts a rotary motion into a reciprocating motion and transmits the same, and a drive device including the same.
- a crank mechanism is known as a mechanism for transmitting a reciprocating motion by converting it into a rotational motion.
- an engine, a compressor, and the like include a piston that is reciprocally provided in a cylinder, a connecting rod that is rotatably connected to the piston, and a crankshaft that extends in a direction perpendicular to the reciprocating direction of the piston. Yes.
- the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to a crank pin provided eccentrically on the crankshaft.
- the connecting rod is normally pivotally connected to the piston via a piston pin, and moves in parallel while swinging around the piston pin during power transmission. Therefore, a rotational force is applied to the piston, and a wedge-effect friction loss is generated on the inner surface of the cylinder at two locations, the outer peripheral portion at the upper end and the outer peripheral portion at the lower end of the piston.
- a friction loss is generated on the inner surface of the cylinder at two locations, the outer peripheral portion at the upper end and the outer peripheral portion at the lower end of the piston.
- smooth reciprocation of the piston is possible.
- large pistons may run out of oil and appear as a seizure phenomenon.
- the cross head also has a friction loss that changes every 180 degrees due to the wedge effect in two places. Therefore, although the reciprocating motion is performed as an operation, it becomes a vibration and causes a loss.
- a scotch yoke mechanism has been proposed as a mechanism for reducing piston friction loss.
- a typical scotch yoke mechanism has a piston connected to a movable plate supported reciprocally by a pair of parallel guides, and a crankshaft is inserted into a guide hole formed through the movable plate.
- the movable plate is reciprocated by rotating an eccentric crank provided in the guide hole in the guide hole.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an XY separation crank that can reduce friction loss and vibration, and can convert and transmit motion with high efficiency.
- the reciprocating motion of the movable body and the rotational motion of the crankshaft are mutually converted, provided between the mobile body that reciprocates along the first direction and the rotatable crankshaft.
- the XY separation crank mechanism is attached to the support member so as to be capable of reciprocating along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and a support member provided so as to be capable of reciprocating in the first direction.
- a crank connecting member that is rotatably engaged with a crank of a crankshaft, a connecting member that connects the piston and the supporting member, and reciprocates integrally with the piston and the supporting member along the first direction; It has.
- FIG. 1 is a side view showing a horizontal XY separation crank mechanism according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing the horizontal XY separation crank mechanism.
- FIG. 3 is a side view showing a horizontal coaxial vertical XY separation crank mechanism according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a side view showing a vertical XY separation crank mechanism according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view schematically showing the vertical XY separation crank mechanism.
- FIG. 6 is a side view showing a dual output type XY separation crank mechanism according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view schematically showing the dual output type XY separation crank mechanism.
- FIG. 8 is a side view showing a horizontal coaxial dual output type XY separation crank mechanism according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing the direction and magnitude of a force acting on the XY separation crank mechanism.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an interaction force between the separation crank mechanism and the piston in a two-sphere structure.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically showing the acting force of the piston in the Y-axis direction.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically illustrating a crank mechanism according to a comparative example and the direction and magnitude of a force acting on the crank mechanism.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram schematically illustrating the direction and magnitude of a force acting on a crank mechanism according to a comparative example.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram schematically illustrating the direction and magnitude of a force acting on a crank mechanism according to a comparative example.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram comparing the generated frictional resistance between the XY separation crank mechanism according to the embodiment and the crank mechanism according to the comparative example.
- FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing an engine apparatus including an XY separation crank mechanism according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a side view of the engine device.
- FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing a basic configuration of one cylinder in the engine device.
- FIG. 19 is a plan view of the engine device.
- FIG. 20 is a side view of the engine device.
- FIG. 21 is a plan view showing a four-cylinder engine device including an XY separation crank mechanism according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a plan view showing another four-cylinder engine device including the XY separation crank mechanism according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a plan view showing another four-cylinder engine device including the XY separation crank mechanism according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a perspective view illustrating a compressor including an XY separation crank mechanism according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a side view of the compressor.
- FIG. 26 is a front view of the compressor.
- FIG. 27 is a perspective view showing a Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of a Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 29 is a perspective view showing a support member of a Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of a slide guide in a Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 31 is a side view showing an engine apparatus including a horizontal coaxial linear XY separation crank mechanism according to still another embodiment.
- FIG. 32 is a perspective view of the engine device.
- FIG. 33 is a side view schematically showing the operation of the engine device.
- FIG. 34 is a side view showing an engine apparatus provided with a horizontal coaxial linear XY separation crank mechanism according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 35 is a side view showing an engine apparatus provided with a horizontal coaxial linear XY separation crank mechanism according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 36 is a side view showing an engine apparatus provided with a horizontal coaxial linear XY separation crank mechanism according to still another embodiment.
- FIG. 37 is an enlarged side view of a part of the engine device shown in FIG. 36.
- FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional view showing a slide guide and a support member of the engine device.
- FIG. 39 is a block diagram showing a control circuit configuration of the engine device.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a rotation angle of a crankshaft and a friction loss in the engine device.
- FIG. 41 is a side view showing an engine apparatus including a horizontal coaxial linear XY separation crank mechanism according to still another embodiment.
- FIG. 42 is a side view showing a four-cylinder horizontally opposed engine device including a horizontal coaxial linear XY separation crank mechanism according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 43 is a perspective view showing the four-cylinder horizontally opposed engine device.
- FIG. 44 is a plan view showing the four-cylinder horizontally opposed engine device.
- FIG. 44 is a plan view showing the four-cylinder horizontally opposed engine device.
- FIG. 45 is a front view showing the four-cylinder horizontally opposed engine device.
- FIG. 46 is a cross-sectional view of a Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism according to still another embodiment.
- FIG. 47 is a perspective view showing a press device including the XY separation crank mechanism according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 48 is a perspective view showing an XY separation crank mechanism in the press device.
- FIG. 49 is a perspective view showing a press device including the XY separation crank mechanism according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 50 is a side view of the pump.
- FIG. 1 shows a horizontal Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing a Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism.
- the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 includes, as a moving body, for example, a piston 12 that is reciprocally movable in a first direction (X-axis direction), and this And a crankshaft 14 extending in a direction orthogonal to a reference plane (transmission plane) C including the central axis (moving axis) of the piston 12, and the reciprocating motion along the first direction of the piston 12 and the crankshaft 14. It is constituted so that the rotational motion of the can be converted and transmitted to each other.
- the piston 12 is provided in the cylinder 16 so as to be reciprocally movable, and the crankshaft 14 is rotatably supported at both ends by a bearing 18, for example.
- driving force is input to the piston 12 by the fuel compressed and burned in the cylinder 16 and reciprocates along the first direction.
- the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 converts the reciprocating motion of the piston 12 that is a drive input into a rotational motion and transmits the rotational motion to the crankshaft 14 to give a rotational output to the crankshaft 14.
- the drive device when configured as a compressor, for example, a rotational force is input to the crankshaft 14 by, for example, a motor, and the crankshaft 14 rotates.
- the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 converts the rotational motion of the crankshaft 14 into reciprocating motion and transmits it to the piston 12, and reciprocates the piston 12 in the cylinder 16. By the reciprocating movement of the piston 12, the air in the cylinder 16 is compressed and supplied to the outside.
- the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 includes a support member 20 that is reciprocally movable along the X axis direction on the reference plane C, and an X axis direction on the reference plane C. And a connecting member 24 that connects the piston 12 and the supporting member 20 to each other, and a crank connecting member 22 that is attached to the supporting member 20 so as to be reciprocally movable along a second direction (Y-axis direction) orthogonal to each other. .
- the movement center axis (X-axis direction) of the support member 20, the movement center axis (Y-axis direction) of the crank connection member 22, and the center movement axis (X-axis direction) of the connecting member 24 are located on the reference plane C. .
- the reference plane C is a plane that effectively transmits power.
- a lubricious XY linear motion mechanism such as linear guides 36 and 40 to the X-axis plane (grounding plane) D and Y-axis plane (orthogonal transmission plane) E orthogonal to the reference plane C, a transmission angle of 90 degrees can be obtained.
- a holding transmission mechanism can be configured.
- the X-axis plane D and the Y-axis plane E can select either the vertical direction (Y-axis direction) or the horizontal direction (X-axis direction) by grounding one of them.
- the rotation axis direction is the Z-axis direction.
- the support member 20 is formed, for example, in an L shape, and integrally includes a first support portion 20a extending in the X-axis direction and a second support portion 20b extending from the first support portion in the Y-axis direction.
- the first support portion 20a is supported and guided by the first linear slider 36 so as to be capable of reciprocating along the X-axis direction.
- the first linear slider 36 is fixed to the base 38 and fixedly provided.
- the X-axis direction is substantially horizontal
- the XY separation crank mechanism 10 is configured as a so-called horizontal type.
- a second linear slider 40 extending in the Y-axis direction is fixed to the second support portion 20b of the support member 20.
- the crank connecting member 22 is formed in, for example, a plate shape, and one end thereof is supported by the second linear slider 40 so as to be reciprocally movable along the Y-axis direction.
- the crank connecting member 22 is provided in the reference plane C, and the other end is connected to the crankshaft 14. That is, a circular through hole 41 is formed at the other end of the crank connecting member 22.
- the crank pin 15 of the crankshaft 14 is rotatably inserted into the through hole 41 via a bearing (not shown). As a result, the crank connecting member 22 engages with the crankshaft 14 and connects the crankshaft 14 and the support member 20.
- the connecting member 24 is configured as, for example, an elongated connecting rod, one end of which is connected to the piston 12 via a piston pin (not shown), and the other end is connected to the second support portion 20 b of the support member 20.
- the connecting member 24 extends coaxially with the central axis (movement axis) of the piston 12.
- the connecting member 24 reciprocates integrally with the support member 20 along the X-axis direction, and reciprocates the piston 12 along the X-axis direction.
- crankpin 15 14 rotates eccentrically.
- This eccentric rotational movement is separated into movement in the X-axis direction and movement in the Y-axis direction by the crank connecting member 22 and the support member 20, and the crank connecting member 22 reciprocates along the Y-axis direction by the second linear slider 40.
- the support member 20 reciprocates along the X-axis direction together with the crank connecting member 22 by the first linear slider 36.
- the reciprocating motion in the X-axis direction of the support member 20 is transmitted to the piston 12 via the connecting member 24, and the piston 12 reciprocates in the cylinder 16 along the X-axis direction.
- the rotational motion of the crankshaft 14 is converted into reciprocating motion by the XY separation crank mechanism 10 and transmitted to the piston 12.
- the reciprocating motion of the piston 12 is the reciprocating motion of the support member 20 in the X-axis direction and the reciprocating motion of the crank connecting member 22 in the Y-axis direction in the XY separation crank mechanism 10. Is converted into a rotational motion and transmitted to the crankshaft 14. Thereby, a rotational output is given to the crankshaft 14.
- FIG. 3 shows a horizontal coaxial Z mechanism XY separating crank mechanism.
- the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 includes a pair of pistons 12 that are horizontally opposed to be reciprocally movable in a first direction (X-axis direction) as moving bodies, And a crankshaft 14 extending in a direction orthogonal to a reference plane (transmission plane) C including the central axis (moving axis) of the piston 12, and the reciprocating motion along the first direction of the piston 12 and the crankshaft 14. It is constituted so that the rotational motion of the can be converted and transmitted to each other.
- the support member 20 of the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 includes a first support portion 20a extending in the X-axis direction, a second support portion 20b and a third support portion extending in the Y-axis direction from both axial ends of the first support portion 20a. 30c and a substantially U shape.
- the first support portion 20a is supported and guided by the first linear slider 36 so as to be capable of reciprocating along the X-axis direction.
- the first linear slider 36 is fixed to the base 38 and fixedly provided.
- the X-axis direction is substantially horizontal
- the XY separation crank mechanism 10 is configured as a so-called horizontal type.
- a second linear slider 40 extending in the Y-axis direction is fixed to the second support portion 20b of the support member 20.
- the crank connecting member 22 is formed in, for example, a plate shape, and one end thereof is supported by the second linear slider 40 so as to be reciprocally movable along the Y-axis direction.
- the crank connecting member 22 is provided in the reference plane C, and the other end is connected to the crankshaft 14. That is, the crank pin 15 of the crankshaft 14 is rotatably inserted into the other end portion of the crank connecting member 22 via a bearing (not shown). As a result, the crank connecting member 22 engages with the crankshaft 14 and connects the crankshaft 14 and the support member 20.
- the connecting member 24 is configured as, for example, an elongated connecting rod, one end of which is connected to the piston 12 via a piston pin (not shown), and the other end is connected to the second support portion 20 b of the support member 20.
- the connecting member 24 extends coaxially with the central axis (movement axis) of the piston 12.
- the connecting member 24 reciprocates integrally with the support member 20 along the X-axis direction, and reciprocates the piston 12 along the X-axis direction.
- the connecting member 24 is configured as, for example, an elongated connecting rod, one end of which is connected to the piston 12 via a piston pin (not shown), and the other end is connected to the third support portion 20c.
- the connecting member 24 extends coaxially with the central axis (movement axis) of the piston 12.
- the connecting member 24 reciprocates integrally with the support member 20 along the X-axis direction, and reciprocates the piston 12 along the X-axis direction.
- crankpin 15 14 rotates eccentrically.
- This eccentric rotational movement is separated into movement in the X-axis direction and movement in the Y-axis direction by the crank connecting member 22 and the support member 20, and the crank connecting member 22 reciprocates along the Y-axis direction by the second linear slider 40.
- the support member 20 reciprocates along the X-axis direction together with the crank connecting member 22 by the first linear slider 36.
- the reciprocating motion in the X-axis direction of the support member 20 is transmitted to the piston 12 via the connecting member 24, and the piston 12 reciprocates in the cylinder 16 along the X-axis direction.
- the rotational motion of the crankshaft 14 is converted into reciprocating motion by the XY separation crank mechanism 10 and transmitted to the piston 12.
- the reciprocating motion of the piston 12 is the reciprocating motion of the support member 20 in the X-axis direction and the reciprocating motion of the crank connecting member 22 in the Y-axis direction in the XY separation crank mechanism 10. Is converted into a rotational motion and transmitted to the crankshaft 14. Thereby, a rotational output is given to the crankshaft 14.
- the drive device including the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 having such a configuration can be applied to a horizontally opposed engine, a compressor, a pump, and the like. Further, the above coaxial structure can easily realize a double flow piston structure.
- FIG. 4 shows a vertical Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view schematically showing the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism.
- the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 includes, for example, a piston 12 that is reciprocally movable in the Y-axis direction that is the first direction, and the center of the piston 12.
- a reciprocating motion along the first direction of the piston 12 and a rotational motion of the crankshaft 14 are mutually converted between the crankshaft 14 extending in a direction perpendicular to the reference plane C including the shaft (moving shaft). And is configured to transmit.
- the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 includes a support member 20 provided so as to reciprocate along the Y-axis direction on the reference plane C, and a second direction (X-axis direction) orthogonal to the Y-axis direction on the reference plane C. ), And a connecting member 24 that connects the piston 12 and the supporting member 20 to each other.
- the support member 20 is formed, for example, in an L shape, and integrally includes a first support portion 20a extending in the Y-axis direction and a second support portion 20b extending from the first support portion in the X-axis direction.
- the first support portion 20a is supported and guided by the first linear slider 36 so as to freely reciprocate along the Y-axis direction.
- the first linear slider 36 is fixed to the base 38 and the Y-axis plane E is grounded.
- the Y-axis direction is a substantially vertical direction
- the XY separation crank mechanism 10 is configured as a so-called vertical type.
- a second linear slider 40 extending in the X-axis direction is fixed to the second support portion 20b of the support member 20.
- the crank connecting member 22 is formed in a plate shape, for example, and one end thereof is supported by the second linear slider 40 so as to be reciprocally movable along the X-axis direction.
- the crank connecting member 22 is provided in the reference plane C, and the other end is connected to the crankshaft 14. That is, a circular through hole 41 is formed at the other end of the crank connecting member 22.
- the crank pin 15 of the crankshaft 14 is rotatably inserted into the through hole 41 via a bearing (not shown). As a result, the crank connecting member 22 engages with the crankshaft 14 and connects the crankshaft 14 and the support member 20.
- the connecting member 24 is configured as, for example, an elongated connecting rod, one end of which is connected to the piston 12 via a piston pin (not shown), and the other end is connected to the second support portion 20 b of the support member 20.
- the connecting member 24 extends coaxially with the central axis (movement axis) of the piston 12.
- the connecting member 24 reciprocates integrally with the support member 20 along the Y-axis direction, and reciprocates the piston 12 along the Y-axis direction.
- FIG. 6 shows an I-type dual output type Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view schematically showing the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism.
- the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 includes, for example, a piston 12 that is reciprocally movable in the first direction (X-axis direction), and the center of the piston 12. Reciprocating motion along the first direction of the piston 12 and rotation of the two crankshafts 14 provided between the two crankshafts 14 extending in a direction perpendicular to the reference plane C including the shaft (moving axis). It is configured to convert and transmit motion.
- the piston 12 is provided in a reciprocating manner in the cylinder 16, and each crankshaft 14 is rotatably supported at both ends by a bearing 18, for example.
- driving force is input to the piston 12 by the fuel compressed and burned in the cylinder 16 and reciprocates along the first direction.
- the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 converts the reciprocating motion of the piston 12 that is a drive input into a rotational motion and transmits it to the two crankshafts 14, and gives a rotational output to these crankshafts 14.
- the drive device when configured as, for example, a compressor, a rotational force is input to the two crankshafts 14, and the crankshaft 14 rotates.
- the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 converts the rotational motion of the crankshaft 14 into reciprocating motion and transmits it to the piston 12, and reciprocates the piston 12 in the cylinder 16. By the reciprocating movement of the piston 12, the air in the cylinder 16 is compressed and supplied to the outside.
- the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 includes a support member 20 that is reciprocally movable along the X axis direction on the reference plane C, and an X axis direction on the reference plane C.
- Two crank connection members 22 attached to the support member 20 so as to be able to reciprocate along a second direction (Y-axis direction) orthogonal to each other, and a connecting member 24 that connects the piston 12 and the support member 20. ing.
- the support member 20 is formed, for example, in a T shape, and integrally includes a first support portion 20a extending in the X-axis direction and two second support portions 20b extending vertically from the first support portion along the Y-axis direction. Have.
- the first support portion 20a is supported and guided by the first linear slider 36 so as to be capable of reciprocating along the X-axis direction.
- the first linear slider 36 is fixed to the base 38 and fixedly provided.
- the X-axis direction is substantially horizontal
- the XY separation crank mechanism 10 is configured as a so-called horizontal type.
- a second linear slider 40 extending in the Y-axis direction is fixed to each second support portion 20b of the support member 20.
- the two crank connecting members 22 are formed in a plate shape, for example, and are arranged on both sides in the Y-axis direction of the first support portion 20a. One end of each crank connecting member 22 is supported by the second linear slider 40 so as to reciprocate along the Y-axis direction.
- Each crank connecting member 22 is provided in the reference plane C, and the other end is connected to the crankshaft 14. That is, a circular through hole 41 is formed at the other end of the crank connecting member 22.
- the crank pin 15 of the crankshaft 14 is rotatably inserted into the through hole 41 via a bearing (not shown). As a result, the crank connecting member 22 engages with the crankshaft 14 and connects the crankshaft 14 and the support member 20.
- the connecting member 24 is configured as, for example, an elongated connecting rod, one end of which is connected to the piston 12 via a piston pin (not shown), and the other end is connected to the second support portion 20 b of the support member 20.
- the connecting member 24 extends coaxially with the central axis (movement axis) of the piston 12.
- the connecting member 24 is provided coaxially with the first support portion 20 a of the support member 20.
- the connecting member 24 reciprocates integrally with the support member 20 along the X-axis direction, and reciprocates the piston 12 along the X-axis direction.
- crankshaft 14 rotates clockwise, and the other crankshaft 14 rotates counterclockwise.
- the crankpins 15 rotate eccentrically around the crankshaft 14, respectively.
- This eccentric rotational movement is separated into movement in the X-axis direction and movement in the Y-axis direction by the crank connecting member 22 and the support member 20, and each crank connecting member 22 is moved along the Y-axis direction by the second linear slider 40.
- the support member 20 reciprocates along the X-axis direction by the first linear slider 36 together with the crank connection member 22.
- the reciprocating motion in the X-axis direction of the support member 20 is transmitted to the piston 12 via the connecting member 24, and the piston 12 reciprocates in the cylinder 16 along the X-axis direction.
- the rotational motion of the two crankshafts 14 is converted into reciprocating motion by the XY separation crank mechanism 10 and transmitted to the piston 12.
- the reciprocating motion of the piston 12 is the reciprocating motion of the support member 20 in the X-axis direction and the reciprocating motion of the crank connecting member 22 in the Y-axis direction in the XY separation crank mechanism 10. Is converted into a rotational motion by the rotation and transmitted to the two crankshafts 14. Thereby, rotation output is given to the two crankshafts 14.
- the drive device provided with the dual output type Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism described above is suitable for engines for large ships, jet engines, and the like.
- the rotational output of the two crankshafts 14 can be transmitted to two screws, and a simultaneous reverse rotation screw or a coaxial reverse rotation screw can be realized. In this case, by using this XY separation crank mechanism, an output excellent in synchronism without deviation can be obtained with respect to the two screws.
- FIG. 8 shows a horizontal coaxial dual output type Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism.
- the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 includes, for example, a pair of pistons 12 that are horizontally opposed to each other so as to be reciprocally movable in a first direction (X-axis direction), and these pistons.
- Two crankshafts 14 extending in a direction orthogonal to a reference plane C including 12 central axes (moving axes), and a reciprocating motion along the first direction of the piston 12 and the two crankshafts 14 rotational motions are converted to each other and transmitted.
- the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 is configured in the same manner as the above-described I-type dual output type Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism, and is provided on the reference plane C so as to be reciprocally movable along the X-axis direction. And, on the reference plane C, two crank connecting members 22 attached to the support member 20 so as to be reciprocally movable along a second direction (Y-axis direction) orthogonal to the X-axis direction, the piston 12 and the support member 20 And a connecting member 24 connected to each other. Further, the XY separation crank mechanism 10 includes a connecting member 24 that connects the other piston and the other end of the support member 20.
- the connecting member 24 is configured as an elongated connecting rod, one end of which is connected to the piston 12 via a piston pin (not shown), and the other end is connected to the first support portion 20 a of the support member 20.
- the connecting member 24 extends coaxially with the central axis (movement axis) of the piston 12.
- the connecting member 24 is provided coaxially with the first support portion 20 a of the support member 20.
- the connecting member 24 reciprocates integrally with the support member 20 along the X-axis direction, and reciprocates the piston 12 along the X-axis direction.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the above-described I-type dual output-type Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10.
- FIG. 9 schematically shows the acting force acting on the XY separation crank mechanism according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 10 schematically shows the acting force point between the XY separation crank mechanism and the piston with two spheres.
- FIGS. 12, 13, and 14 schematically show a conventional crank mechanism using a swinging connecting rod.
- AB crank
- BC connecting rod
- point A crankshaft rotation center
- B point Crank pin
- C point Piston pin
- 12 Piston shown by two spheres
- F in force input to point C
- ⁇ : ⁇ BCA Piston shown by two spheres
- F in force input to point C
- ⁇ ⁇ BAC
- ⁇ : ⁇ BCA If Add a force called F in to point C.
- F in F in, a force of F in ⁇ tan ⁇ occurs in the connecting rod BC.
- F c F in ⁇ tan ⁇
- ⁇ BCA ⁇ is expressed by a crank angle ⁇
- AB r
- BC 1, From FIG.
- FIG. 15 shows a graph of the frictional resistance Fm in the XY separation crank mechanism according to the present embodiment and the frictional resistance Fs of the crank mechanism according to the comparative example. From this figure, it can be seen that according to the XY separation crank mechanism according to the present embodiment, the frictional resistance, that is, the friction loss, is significantly reduced as compared with the crank mechanism according to the comparative example.
- the drive device having the XY separation crank mechanism 10 configured as described above is a compressor or an expander if a motor is arranged on the rotation side, and an engine mechanism if fluid or gas is introduced into the piston side and burned. Become.
- the configuration can be changed by mutual combination.
- the support member 20 and the crank connection member 22 of the XY separation crank mechanism 10 are formed in a shape and dimensions that can be accommodated in an area between the rotation area of the crankshaft 14 and the movement area of the piston 12.
- the XY separation crank mechanism 10 can be configured with a size approximately the same as the large-diameter portion of the conventional connecting rod, and the engine or compressor crank using the conventionally used crank slider mechanism can be used as it is. Can be sized. For this reason, it is possible to replace with a XY separation crank mechanism, without changing the conventional combustion mechanism, valve operating mechanism, etc.
- water is used as the fluid, it becomes an efficient system because it becomes an operating system in a closed space.
- the piston and the XY separation crank mechanism 10 are arranged in a triple structure, the self-starting is possible, so that an efficient power generation system can be realized. It can also be used as water turbine power. If it is a passive machine, it becomes possible to constitute an efficient pump as a pump.
- FIG. 17, FIG. 18, FIG. 19, and FIG. 20 show an embodiment applied to a two-cylinder horizontally opposed engine device.
- This engine device includes a crankshaft 14, which has two crankpins 15 arranged 180 degrees out of phase with each other. These crank pins 15 are located eccentrically with respect to the crankshaft 14 and rotate eccentrically around the crankshaft.
- the engine device also includes two pistons 12 that are provided in the cylinder 16 so as to be capable of reciprocating along the X-axis direction. These pistons 12 are opposite to each other at 180 ° on both sides of the crankshaft 14. In addition to being disposed, they are displaced from each other by a predetermined distance along the axial direction of the crankshaft 14.
- a Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 is provided between each piston 12 and the crankshaft 14.
- the Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 includes a support member 20 provided so as to be capable of reciprocating along the X-axis direction on a reference plane C including the central axis (movement axis) of the piston 12, and an X-axis on the reference plane C.
- a crank connecting member 22 attached to the support member 20 so as to be reciprocally movable along a second direction (Y-axis direction) orthogonal to the direction, and a connecting member 24 connecting the piston 12 and the support member 20.
- the support member 20 is formed, for example, in an L shape, and integrally includes a first support portion 20a extending in the X-axis direction and a second support portion 20b extending from the first support portion in the Y-axis direction.
- the first support portion 20a is supported and guided by the first linear slider 36 so as to be capable of reciprocating along the X-axis direction.
- the first linear slider 36 is fixed to the base 38 and fixedly provided.
- a second linear slider 40 extending in the Y-axis direction is fixed to the second support portion 20b of the support member 20.
- the crank connecting member 22 is formed in, for example, a plate shape, and one end thereof is supported by the second linear slider 40 so as to be reciprocally movable along the Y-axis direction.
- the crank connecting member 22 is provided in the reference plane C, and the other end is connected to the crankshaft 14. That is, a circular through hole 41 is formed at the other end of the crank connecting member 22.
- the crank pin 15 of the crankshaft 14 is rotatably inserted into the through hole 41 via a ball bearing or a plain bearing. As a result, the crank connecting member 22 engages with the crankshaft 14 and connects the crankshaft 14 and the support member 20.
- the connecting member 24 is configured as, for example, an elongated connecting rod, one end of which is connected to the piston 12 via a piston pin 25, and the other end is connected to the second support portion 20b of the support member 20 by bolting or the like. ing.
- the connecting member 24 extends coaxially with the central axis (movement axis) of the piston 12.
- the connecting member 24 reciprocates integrally with the support member 20 along the X-axis direction, and reciprocates the piston 12 along the X-axis direction.
- the XY separation crank mechanism 10 disposed between the other piston 12 and the crankshaft 14 also has the same configuration as described above, and is provided in the opposite direction by 180 °. Further, the crank connecting members 22 of the two XY separation crank mechanisms 10 are provided in parallel with each other, and similarly, the support members 20 are also provided in parallel with each other.
- the piston 12 when a driving force is input to the piston 12 due to compression and combustion of fuel, the piston 12 reciprocates.
- the reciprocating motion of the piston 12 is converted into a rotational motion by the reciprocating motion in the X-axis direction of the support member 20 and the reciprocating motion in the Y-axis direction of the crank connecting member 22 in the XY separation crank mechanism 10 and is transmitted to the crankshaft 14. Thereby, a rotational output is given to the crankshaft 14.
- FIG. 21 schematically shows an embodiment adapted to, for example, a four-cylinder horizontally opposed engine device.
- the crankshaft 14 is provided with four crankpins 15 corresponding to the cylinders, and these crankpins are provided, for example, 180 degrees out of phase with each other.
- Each piston 12 is connected to a corresponding crank pin 15 by the XY separation crank mechanism 10 described above.
- two opposing cylinders 12 may be connected to one crankpin 15 via an XY separation crank mechanism 10.
- the dimension L1 of the engine device along the axial direction of the crankshaft 14 can be shortened, and the engine device can be downsized.
- a mechanism for four cylinders can be installed in a conventional installation space for two cylinders.
- two opposing pistons 12 may be arranged coaxially and horizontally.
- this can be realized by using the horizontal coaxial Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 shown in FIG. According to this configuration, it is possible to further reduce the size L1 of the engine device along the axial direction of the crankshaft 14 and to reduce the size of the engine device.
- the compressor includes a crankshaft 14 that extends in the horizontal direction, and the crankshaft includes three crankpins 15 that are arranged with a predetermined angular phase shift from each other. These crank pins 15 are located eccentrically with respect to the crankshaft 14 and rotate eccentrically around the crankshaft.
- the compressor also includes three pistons 12 that are provided in the cylinder block 17 so as to be reciprocally movable along the Y-axis direction. These pistons 12 are orthogonal to the crankshaft 14 and parallel to each other with a gap therebetween. Are provided in three reference planes facing each other.
- a Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 is provided between each piston 12 and the crankshaft 14.
- Each Z-mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 includes a support member 20 provided so as to reciprocate along the Y-axis direction on a reference plane including the central axis (movement axis) of the piston 12, and a Y-axis direction on the reference plane. And a connecting member 24 that connects the piston 12 and the supporting member 20 to each other, and a crank connecting member 22 that is attached to the supporting member 20 so as to be reciprocally movable along a second direction (X-axis direction) orthogonal to the direction. .
- the support member 20 is formed in an L shape and integrally includes a first support portion 20a extending in the Y-axis direction and a second support portion 20b extending from the first support portion in the X-axis direction.
- the first support portion 20a is supported and guided by the first linear slider 36 so as to freely reciprocate along the Y-axis direction.
- the first linear slider 36 is fixed to the base 38 and fixedly provided.
- a second linear slider 40 extending in the X-axis direction is fixed to the second support portion 20b of the support member 20.
- the crank connecting member 22 is formed in a plate shape, for example, and one end thereof is supported by the second linear slider 40 so as to be reciprocally movable along the X-axis direction.
- the crank connecting member 22 is provided in the reference plane, and the other end is connected to the crankshaft 14. That is, a circular through hole is formed in the other end portion of the crank connecting member 22, and the crank pin 15 of the crankshaft 14 is rotatably inserted into the through hole 41 via a ball bearing or a slide bearing. As a result, the crank connecting member 22 engages with the crankshaft 14 and connects the crankshaft 14 and the support member 20.
- the connecting member 24 is configured as, for example, an elongated connecting rod, one end of which is connected to the piston 12 via the piston pin 25, and the other end is connected to the second support portion 20 b of the support member 20.
- the connecting member 24 extends coaxially with the central axis (movement axis) of the piston 12.
- the connecting member 24 reciprocates integrally with the piston 12 and the support member 20 along the Y-axis direction.
- the XY separation crank mechanism 10 disposed between the other piston 12 and the crankshaft 14 has the same configuration as described above. Further, the crank connecting members 22 of the three XY separation crank mechanisms 10 are provided in parallel with each other, and similarly, the support members 20 are also provided in parallel with each other. Further, the three first linear sliders 36 are fixed to a common base 38, for example.
- crank connection member 22 is separated by the second linear slider 40.
- the support member 20 reciprocates along the Y-axis direction by the first linear slider 36 together with the crank connecting member 22 along the X-axis direction.
- the reciprocating motion in the Y-axis direction of the support member 20 is transmitted to the piston 12 via the connecting member 24, and the piston 12 reciprocates in the cylinder block 17 along the Y-axis direction.
- the rotational motion of the crankshaft 14 is converted into reciprocating motion by each XY separation crank mechanism 10 and transmitted to the piston 12.
- the gas or liquid in the cylinder block 17 is pressurized by the piston 12 and supplied to the outside as a pressurized fluid.
- the piston is disposed at a position opposed by 180 degrees on the same crankshaft.
- a horizontally opposed engine device or a compressor can be configured. Since the XY separation crank mechanism 10 is sufficiently small, the conventional connecting rod portion can be easily replaced with this mechanism.
- the plurality of XY separation crank mechanisms 10 can be used in multiple layers by designing them with a width that matches the width of the crankshaft 14. Regarding the crank width, it is possible to make the crank width of an engine or a compressor using a conventionally used crank slider mechanism as it can be used as it is. For this reason, it is possible to replace with the XY separation crank mechanism 10 without changing the conventional combustion mechanism and valve mechanism.
- XY separation crank mechanism can be freely stacked on the crankshaft such as 2, 3, 4 and so on.
- the crankshaft When the crankshaft is arranged coaxially, the crankshaft may be half of the conventional crankshaft, and the conventional 2-cylinder can be used with 4 cylinders, 3 cylinders with 6 cylinders, and 4 cylinders with 8 cylinders.
- the plurality of XY separation crank mechanisms are not limited to the horizontally or vertically opposed arrangement, but may be a star arrangement.
- a dual rotation system can be configured by arranging a plurality of sets of mirrors in the single rotation system to which the XY separation crank mechanism 10 is connected.
- a dual rotation system can be configured to obtain rotational outputs that are reverse to each other.
- a moving body that goes straight by a dual coaxial rotating system such as a torpedo can be easily made, it is also useful as a marine engine.
- a driving device for airplanes and helicopters it is possible to fly easily without shaking.
- this drive device is applied to a general marine engine, a coaxial reverse rotation can be easily obtained, so that the marine engine has good stability.
- the drive device having the above-described configuration, it is possible to prevent the twisting phenomenon by arranging one linear guide at the center of the two bearing rows. Further, when two linear guides are used due to the necessity for strength, the linear guides can be used without causing an umbrella opening loss by arranging them on the same plane.
- the first linear slider is configured to be grounded on a horizontal plane or a vertical plane, and the piston is configured to operate in the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction.
- the grounding angle of the first linear slider is arbitrary in the XYZ directions. It is possible to operate at an arbitrary angle by grounding at this angle.
- the support portion that supports the support member and the crank connecting member so as to be reciprocally movable is not limited to the linear slider, but may be another support structure.
- 27 and 28 show a Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism according to another embodiment
- FIG. 29 shows a support member of the XY separation crank mechanism
- FIG. 30 shows a cross section of the slide guide.
- a slide support structure with dovetails is used instead of the linear slider.
- the fixedly provided slide guide 36 has a rib 36 a extending in the X-axis direction, and the cross section of the rib 36 a is formed in a trapezoidal shape corresponding to the dovetail groove 37.
- the first support portion 20a is supported by the slide guide 36 slidably along the X-axis direction by engaging the rib 36a of the slide guide 36 with the dovetail groove 37.
- the center of the slide guide 36 including the dovetail groove 37 and the rib 36a engaged with the dovetail groove 37 is located on the reference plane C of the XY separation crank mechanism 10, and the dimension d1 of the dovetail groove 37 and the rib 36a is set to the reference plane.
- a common dimension is formed on both sides of C.
- the second support portion 20b extending in the Y-axis direction of the support member 20 has a slide guide 40 extending in the Y-axis direction, and the slide guide 40 is formed in a trapezoidal shape corresponding to the dovetail.
- the crank connection member 22 is formed with a dovetail groove 42 extending in the Y-axis direction.
- the crank connecting member 22 is supported by the slide guide 40 slidably along the Y-axis direction by engaging the slide guide 40 with the dovetail groove 42.
- Other configurations of the XY separation crank mechanism 10 are the same as those of the above-described embodiment, and the same reference numerals are given to the same portions, and the detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the dynamic friction coefficient ⁇ of the support member 20 and the crank connection member 22 is, for example, 0.1. Even when such a slide guide structure is used, it is possible to obtain the same effects as those of the above-described embodiment.
- FIGS. 31, 32, and 33 show an embodiment applied to a drive device having a horizontal coaxial linear XY separation crank mechanism, for example, a two-cylinder coaxial horizontally opposed engine device.
- the engine device includes a crankshaft 14 that is rotatably supported by a bearing (not shown).
- the crankshaft has one crankpin 15.
- the crankpin 15 is eccentrically positioned with respect to the crankshaft 14 and rotates eccentrically around the crankshaft.
- the engine device includes two pistons 12a and 12b that are provided in the cylinder 16 so as to be reciprocally movable along the first direction (X-axis direction).
- These pistons 12 are arranged on both sides of the crankshaft 14 in directions opposite to each other by 180 ° and are arranged coaxially with each other.
- piston 12a, 12b is formed as a short piston which hardly has a skirt, for example.
- the horizontal coaxial linear XY separation crank mechanism 10 includes, as a moving body, a pair of pistons 12a and 12b that are horizontally opposed to be reciprocally movable in a first direction (X-axis direction), and the centers of these pistons 12
- a crankshaft 14 extending in a direction orthogonal to a reference plane (transmission plane) C including an axis (moving axis), and a reciprocating motion along the first direction of each piston 12a, 12b and the crankshaft 14
- the rotary motion is configured to be converted and transmitted to each other.
- the horizontal coaxial linear XY separating crank mechanism 10 is provided in a reference plane C including the central axes (moving axes) of the pistons 12a and 12b so as to be independently reciprocable along the X-axis direction.
- the common crank connecting member 22 attached to the supporting members 20A and 20B so as to be reciprocally movable along the second direction (Y-axis direction) orthogonal to the X-axis direction on the two supporting members 20A and 20B and the reference plane C.
- a connecting member 24 that connects the piston and the support member.
- the support member 20A is formed, for example, in an L shape, and integrally includes a first support portion 20a extending in the X-axis direction and a second support portion 20b extending from the first support portion in the Y-axis direction.
- the first support portion 20a is supported and guided by a slide guide 36 so as to be capable of reciprocating along the X-axis direction.
- dovetail grooves 37 extending in the X-axis direction are formed in the first support portion 20a.
- the slide guide 36 fixedly provided on the base 38 has a rib 36 a extending in the X-axis direction, and a cross section of the rib 36 a is formed in a trapezoidal shape corresponding to the dovetail groove 37.
- the first support portion 20a is supported by the slide guide 36 slidably along the X-axis direction by engaging the rib 36a of the slide guide 36 with the dovetail groove 37.
- the second support portion 20b extending in the Y-axis direction of the support member 20A has a slide guide 40 extending in the Y-axis direction, and the slide guide 40 is formed in a trapezoidal shape corresponding to the dovetail.
- Both crank connecting members 22 are formed in a substantially rectangular block shape, and a dovetail groove 42a extending in the Y-axis direction is formed on one side surface thereof. Both crank connecting members 22 are supported by the slide guide 40 so as to be slidable along the Y-axis direction by engaging the slide guide 40 with the dovetail groove 42.
- the connecting member 24 is configured as, for example, an elongated connecting rod, one end of which is directly connected to the bottom wall of the piston 12a, and the other end is connected to the second support portion 20b of the support member 20A by bolting or the like. .
- the connecting member 24 extends coaxially with the central axis (movement axis) of the piston 12.
- the connecting member 24 reciprocates integrally with the support member 20A along the X-axis direction, and reciprocates the piston 12a along the X-axis direction.
- the other support member 20B is configured in the same manner as the support member 20A, and is disposed symmetrically with the support member 20A. That is, the support member 20B is formed, for example, in an L shape, and integrally includes a first support portion 20a extending in the X-axis direction and a second support portion 20b extending from the first support portion in the Y-axis direction. Yes.
- the first support portion 20a is supported and guided by a common slide guide 36 so as to be capable of reciprocating along the X-axis direction.
- a dovetail groove 37 extending in the X-axis direction is formed in the first support portion 20a.
- the first support portion 20a By engaging the rib 36a of the slide guide 36 with the dovetail groove 37, the first support portion 20a is engaged with the slide guide 36 in the X-axis direction. It is slidably supported along. In addition, one end of the first support portion 20a is opposed to the integrated first support portion 20a of the support member 20A with a slight gap G therebetween. In order to suppress mutual interference and vibration between the two support members 20A and 20B, a cushioning material such as an elastomer may be sandwiched between the gaps G between the support members 20A and 20B.
- the second support portion 20b extending in the Y-axis direction of the support member 20B faces the second support portion 20b of the support member 20A in parallel with a gap.
- the 2nd support part 20b has the slide guide 40 extended in a Y-axis direction, and this slide guide 40 is formed in the trapezoid shape corresponding to a dovetail.
- Both crank connecting members 22 have dovetail grooves 42b extending in the Y-axis direction on the other side surface.
- the both crank connecting members 22 are supported by the slide guide 40 so as to be slidable along the Y-axis direction by engaging the slide guide 40 of the support member 20B with the dovetail groove 42b.
- both the crank connecting members 22 are located in the reference plane C, and are connected to the second support portions 20b of the two support members 20A and 20B so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction.
- the connecting member 24 is configured as, for example, an elongated connecting rod, one end of which is directly connected to the bottom wall of the piston 12b, and the other end is connected to the second support portion 20b of the support member 20B by bolting or the like. .
- the connecting member 24 extends coaxially with the central axis (moving axis) of the piston 12b.
- the connecting member 24 reciprocates integrally with the support member 20B along the X-axis direction, and reciprocates the piston 12a along the X-axis direction.
- Both the crank connecting members 22 are provided in the reference plane C, and the central part thereof is connected to the crankshaft 14. That is, a circular through hole 41 is formed at the center of both crank connecting members 22.
- the crank pin 15 of the crankshaft 14 is rotatably inserted into the through hole 41 via a ball bearing or a plain bearing.
- both crank connecting members 22 engage with the crankshaft 14 and connect the crankshaft 14 and the support member 20.
- the two crank connecting members 22 are separated from each other by a dividing surface passing through the through hole 41, for example, a dividing surface 43 extending in the Y-axis direction so that the crank connecting member 22 can be easily engaged with the crank pin 15. It can be divided into two parts, that is, it can be divided vertically.
- the pistons 12a and 12b move in the first direction. Reciprocate.
- the reciprocating motion of the pistons 12a, 12b is converted into rotational motion by the reciprocating motion of the support members 20A, 20B in the X-axis direction and the reciprocating motion of the two crank connecting members 22 in the Y-axis direction in the XY separation crank mechanism 10. Is transmitted to the crankshaft 14. Thereby, a rotational output is given to the crankshaft 14.
- both the crank connecting members 22 perform a circular motion in parallel with the Y-axis direction.
- the pistons 12a and 12b reciprocate in the second direction by grounding the first support portions 20a of the two support members 20A and 20B in the second direction (Y-axis direction).
- both the crank connecting members 22 make a circular motion in parallel with the X-axis direction.
- the two support members 20A and 20B are independently provided so as to be movable in the first direction, and are arranged with a gap G therebetween. Further, the two support members 20A, 20A, By connecting 20B to the crankshaft, the force transmission path can be transmitted from both crank connecting members 22 to the pistons 12a and 12b only by the Y-axis linear slider. As a result, it is possible to reduce force transmission loss. In addition, by providing the gap G, the left and right support members 20A and 20B do not interfere with each other and appear to be the same but operate individually. By inserting a cushioning material in the gap G, a vibration damping action may be expected.
- the support members 20A and 20B are not limited to the L shape, and may be formed in a substantially T shape. That is, the first support portion 20a of the support members 20A and 20B extends to the left and right sides with respect to the second support portion 20b, and the second support portion 20b extends from the longitudinal center of the first support portion in the Y-axis direction. It is extended. In this manner, the support members 20A and 20B can be supported more stably by elongating the first support portion 20a.
- the two support members 20A and 20B may be connected to each other as in the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the first support part of the support member 20 ⁇ / b> A and the first support part 20 a of the support member 20 ⁇ / b> B are connected by the connecting plate 23.
- the connecting plate 23 is formed in a substantially long band shape, extends along the X-axis direction, and is bolted to the two first support portions 20a.
- FIGS. 34 and 35 other configurations are the same as those in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 31 to 33, and the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof will be given. Is omitted.
- FIGS. 31 to 33 show another embodiment applied to a drive device having a horizontal coaxial linear XY separation crank mechanism, for example, a 2-cylinder coaxial horizontally opposed drive device.
- permanent magnets or electromagnets are provided side by side between the slide guide and the support member, and the support member is linearly levitated using the repulsive force of these magnets.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 31 to 33, and the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- a plurality of electromagnets 70 and a plurality of sensors 72 are embedded alternately in the X-axis direction in the slide guide 36 that guides the movement in the X-axis direction. Yes.
- the electromagnet 70 and the sensor 72 are connected to an X-axis direction drive circuit 74 via a cable 73, and the X-axis direction drive circuit is connected to a control circuit 75.
- a plurality of permanent magnets 76 and sensors 77 are embedded alternately in the X-axis direction in the first support portions 20a of the two support members 20A and 20B, and are exposed to the dovetails 37 and slide. It faces the electromagnet 70 and the sensor 72 on the guide 36 side.
- a plurality of electromagnets 80 and a plurality of sensors 82 are alternately arranged along the Y-axis direction in a slide guide 40 provided on the second support portion 20b of the support members 20A and 20B to guide the movement in the Y-axis direction. Embedded in.
- the electromagnet 80 and the sensor 82 are connected to a Y-axis direction drive circuit 84 via a cable 83, and the Y-axis direction drive circuit is connected to a control circuit 75.
- a plurality of permanent magnets 86 and sensors 87 are alternately embedded in the side surfaces of both crank connecting members 22 along the Y-axis direction, are exposed in the dovetail grooves, and are electromagnets 80 on the slide guide 40 side. And facing the sensor 82.
- the coaxial horizontally opposed drive device detects the Y-axis direction load according to the detection signals of the angle detection circuit 88 and the sensors 82 and 87 that detect the rotation angle of the crankshaft 14.
- An X-axis direction load detection circuit 90 that detects the load in the X-axis direction according to detection signals of the circuit 89 and the sensors 72 and 77 is provided. These circuits are connected to the control circuit 75 and output the detection signals to the control circuit 75. To do.
- the pistons 12a and 12b move in the first direction. Reciprocate.
- the reciprocating motion of the pistons 12a, 12b is converted into rotational motion by the reciprocating motion of the support members 20A, 20B in the X-axis direction and the reciprocating motion of the two crank connecting members 22 in the Y-axis direction in the XY separation crank mechanism 10. Is transmitted to the crankshaft 14. Thereby, a rotational output is given to the crankshaft 14.
- the load acting on the X-axis direction slide guide 36 or the Y-axis direction slide guide 40 increases depending on the rotational angle position of the crankshaft 14. Therefore, the Y-axis direction load detection circuit 89 detects the Y-axis direction load according to the detection signals of the sensors 82 and 87, and the angle detection circuit 88 detects the rotation angle of the crankshaft 14 at which the load increases. Similarly, the X-axis direction load detection circuit 90 detects the X-axis direction load according to the detection signals of the sensors 72 and 77, and the angle detection circuit 88 detects the rotation angle of the crankshaft 14 at which the load increases.
- the electromagnets 70 and 80 are energized from the X-axis direction drive circuit 74 and the Y-axis direction drive circuit 84 at a rotation angle position where the load increases, thereby generating a magnetic force.
- the support members 20A and 20B are levitated by the repulsion between the magnetic force and the magnetic force from the permanent magnet provided on the support members 20A and 20B side. Thereby, the friction loss between support member 20A, 20B and the slide guides 36 and 40 is reduced.
- FIG. 40 shows the load fluctuations of the support members 20A and 20B according to the rotation angle of the crankshaft 14. It can be seen that by performing the ascent control (operation establishment) using the electromagnet as described above, it is possible to suppress an increase in load that occurs at a specific angle as compared to the case where the ascent control is not performed (no establishment).
- connection cables 73 and 83 are simple reciprocating motions, so that all sensing is possible without affecting the operation of the piston portion. Control data can be obtained by directly sensing in-cylinder pressure fluctuation, deviation load, and the like.
- the electromagnet is provided on the slide guide side and the permanent magnet is provided on the support member side.
- the permanent magnet may be provided on the slider guide side and the electromagnet may be provided on the support member side.
- a permanent magnet may be provided in place of the electromagnet, and friction may be reduced by utilizing the mutual repulsion between the permanent magnet on the support member side and the permanent magnet on the slide guide side.
- FIG. 41 shows another embodiment applied to a drive device having a horizontal coaxial linear XY separation crank mechanism, for example, a two-cylinder coaxial horizontally opposed engine device.
- a drive device having a horizontal coaxial linear XY separation crank mechanism for example, a two-cylinder coaxial horizontally opposed engine device.
- pistons 12a and 12b pistons having a normal shape are used instead of the short pistons.
- the pistons 12a and 12b are formed of ceramics.
- the connecting member 24 is connected to the pistons 12 a and 12 b via the piston pin 25.
- the upper end portion 92 of the second support portion 20b in the support members 20A and 20B is cut obliquely. By cutting out the upper end portion 92, the support members 20A and 20B are not provided with durability exceeding the extra force, and the weight of the material can be reduced.
- other configurations are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 36 to 38, and the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the above-described coaxial horizontally opposed engine device is not limited to two cylinders, and may be four cylinders, six cylinders or more. 42 to 45 show an embodiment adapted to, for example, a four-cylinder coaxial horizontally opposed engine device.
- the engine device includes a crankshaft 14 rotatably supported by a bearing (not shown) and the like, and the crankshaft has two crankpins 15 arranged 180 degrees out of phase with each other. These crank pins 15 are located eccentrically with respect to the crankshaft 14 and rotate eccentrically around the crankshaft.
- the engine device includes two sets of pistons 12a and 12b provided in the cylinder 16 so as to be reciprocally movable along the X-axis direction. The pistons 12a and 12b of each set are arranged on both sides of the crankshaft 14 in directions opposite to each other by 180 ° and coaxially arranged in the X-axis direction.
- a horizontal coaxial linear XY separation crank mechanism 10 is provided between each pair of pistons 12a, 12b and the crankshaft 14, and the pistons 12a, 12b are connected to corresponding crank pins 15 by the XY separation crank mechanism 10. Yes.
- the configuration of the horizontal coaxial linear XY separation crank mechanism 10 is the same as that of the horizontal coaxial linear XY separation crank mechanism 10 in the above-described embodiment, and the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the crank connection members 22 of the two XY separation crank mechanisms 10 are provided in parallel with each other, and similarly, the support members 20a and 20b are also provided in parallel with each other. In each XY separation crank mechanism 10, both crank connecting members 22 are formed so as to be separable horizontally by a horizontal dividing surface 43 passing through the through hole 41.
- the piston 12 when a driving force is input to the piston 12 due to compression and combustion of fuel, the piston 12 reciprocates.
- the reciprocating motion of the piston 12 is converted into a rotational motion by the reciprocating motion in the X-axis direction of the support members 20 a and 20 b in the XY separation crank mechanism 10 and the reciprocating motion in the Y-axis direction of the crank connecting member 22, and is transmitted to the crankshaft 14.
- the crankshaft 14 a rotational output is given to the crankshaft 14.
- a multi-cylinder engine device two sets of coaxial pistons 12a and 12b and two sets of horizontal coaxial linear XY separation crank mechanisms 10 are arranged in parallel to each other, whereby the dimensions of the engine device along the axial direction of the crankshaft 14 are arranged. It is possible to reduce the size of the engine device.
- the multi-cylinder engine device provided with the horizontal coaxial linear XY separation crank mechanism 10 having such a configuration can be applied to a compressor, a pump, and the like. Further, the above coaxial structure can easily realize a double flow piston structure.
- the slide guide 36 that supports the support member 20 of the XY separation crank mechanism 10 has a plurality of, for example, two rows on the same plane orthogonal to the reference plane C, for example, the X-axis plane. You may install in.
- Each of these slide guides 36 extends in the X-axis direction and is disposed at a position symmetrical with respect to the reference plane C.
- a plurality of, for example, two rows of slide guides 40 that support the crank connecting member 22 on the support member 20 in a reciprocating manner are installed on the same plane orthogonal to the reference plane C, for example, the Y-axis plane. May be.
- Each of these slide guides 36 extends in the Y-axis direction, and is disposed at a position symmetrical to the reference plane C.
- the drive device having the XY separation crank mechanism 10 described above can be applied to, for example, a press device that outputs in a direction parallel to the X-axis direction. It can also be used in a mechanism such as a high-speed shoe. In this case, it is possible to effectively cancel the vibration by duplicating the XY separation crank mechanism.
- the press device includes a substantially U-shaped main body frame 50.
- the main body frame 50 includes a base portion 52 that extends horizontally, an extension portion 54 that extends vertically upward from the base portion, and a support portion 56 that extends in parallel to the base portion 52 from the upper end of the extension portion. It is configured.
- a processing space is formed between the base portion 52 and the support portion 56.
- type 58 which can move along a Z direction is installed, and is located in a processing space.
- the support 56 supports, for example, a lifting shaft 60 that can be lifted and lowered along the vertical direction, here, the Y-axis direction, and a press head 62 is attached to the lower end of the lifting shaft 60. Then, the workpiece is pressed by pressing the workpiece between the press head 62 and the lower mold 58.
- the support unit 56 is provided with a drive mechanism 63 and a Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 that transmits the drive force of the drive mechanism to the elevating shaft 21.
- the drive mechanism 63 includes a pulse servo motor 64 supported by the support portion 56.
- the drive shaft of the pulse servo motor 64 extends horizontally, and a drive sprocket 65 is attached to its tip.
- crankshaft 14 is rotatably attached to the support portion 56 via a plurality of bearings 18.
- the crankshaft 14 extends substantially horizontally and parallel to the drive shaft of the pulse servo motor 64.
- One end of the crankshaft 14 protrudes outward from the bearing 18, and a driven sprocket 66 is attached to this end.
- a toothed driving belt 68 is stretched between the driven sprocket 66 and the driving sprocket 65.
- the driven sprocket 66 has a larger number of teeth than the drive sprocket 65. Therefore, by driving the pulse servo motor 64, the crankshaft 14 is rotationally driven at a predetermined reduction ratio.
- the support portion 56 is provided with an XY separation crank mechanism 10 that transmits the driving force of the driving mechanism to the lifting shaft 60 and drives the lifting shaft 60 to move up and down.
- the XY separation crank mechanism 10 includes an L-shaped support member 20 provided so as to be reciprocally movable along the Y-axis direction on a reference plane C including a central axis (moving axis) of a lifting shaft 60 as a moving body, In the reference plane C, a connecting member that connects the crank connecting member 22 attached to the supporting member 20 so as to be reciprocally movable along the X-axis direction orthogonal to the Y-axis direction, and the press head 62 and the supporting member 20, here. And an elevating shaft 60. That is, the lifting shaft 60 is connected to the support member 30.
- the support member 20 is formed in an L shape and integrally includes a first support portion 20a extending in the Y-axis direction and a second support portion 20b extending from the first support portion in the X-axis direction.
- the first support portion 20a is supported and guided by the first slide guide 36 so as to be capable of reciprocating along the Y-axis direction.
- the first slide guide 36 is fixed to the support portion 56 and fixedly provided.
- the first slide guide 36 includes a guide rib 36a that extends in the Y-axis direction and has a trapezoidal cross section, and a slider 36b that is fixed to the first support portion 20a.
- the slider 36b is provided with a dovetail groove 37 in which a guide rib 36a is slidably engaged.
- the second support portion 20b of the support member 20 is provided with a second slide guide 40 extending in the X-axis direction.
- the crank connecting member 22 is coupled to the second slide guide 40 and is supported by the second slide guide 40 so as to be reciprocally movable along the X-axis direction.
- the crank connecting member 22 is provided in the reference plane C and is connected to the crankshaft 14. That is, a circular through hole 41 is formed in the crank connecting member 22, and the crank pin 15 of the crankshaft 14 is rotatably inserted through the through hole 41 via a slide bearing. As a result, the crank connecting member 22 engages with the crankshaft 14 and connects the crankshaft 14 and the support member 20.
- the upper end of the lifting shaft 60 as the connecting member is fixed to the second support portion 20 b of the support member 20.
- the elevating shaft 60 extends along the Y-axis direction in the reference plane C.
- the elevating shaft 60 reciprocates integrally with the support member 20 along the Y-axis direction.
- crankpin 15 rotates eccentrically around the crankshaft 14.
- This eccentric rotational motion is separated into movement in the X-axis direction and movement in the Y-axis direction by the crank connection member 22 and the support member 20 of the XY separation crank mechanism 10, and the crank connection member 22 is separated by the second slide guide 40.
- the support member 20 reciprocates along the Y-axis direction by the first slide guide 36 together with the crank connecting member 22.
- the reciprocating motion of the support member 20 in the Y-axis direction is transmitted to the lifting shaft 60 and the press head 62, and the lifting shaft 60 and the press head 62 reciprocate along the Y-axis direction.
- the rotational motion of the crankshaft 14 is converted into reciprocating motion by each XY separation crank mechanism 10 and transmitted to the press head 62.
- the press head 62 is pushed down toward the lower mold 58, and the workpiece mounted between the press head and the lower mold 58 is pressed.
- the reaction force is transmitted to the base portion 52 without applying the reaction force to the XY separation crank mechanism 10 as a stress. Therefore, the XY separation crank mechanism 10 has sufficient durability in structure. Similar to the above-described embodiment, the XY separation crank mechanism 10 can significantly reduce friction loss, thereby reducing the size of a drive mechanism such as a motor, and an apparatus including the XY separation crank mechanism. The overall size can be reduced. In addition, since there is no friction loss, vibration is reduced and high speed operation is possible.
- the pump includes, for example, a crankshaft 14 extending in the horizontal direction.
- the crankshaft 14 is rotatably supported by a pair of bearings 18, and one end is connected to a motor 70 as a drive source.
- the crankshaft 14 has two crankpins 15 arranged at a predetermined angle, for example, 90 degrees, out of phase with each other. These crankpins 15 are located eccentrically with respect to the crankshaft 14 and rotate eccentrically around the crankshaft.
- the pump includes two closed parallel cylinders 16 and two pistons 12 provided in these cylinders 16 so as to be capable of reciprocating along the X-axis direction.
- X-axis direction is provided in two reference planes that are orthogonal to the crankshaft 14 and face each other with a gap therebetween.
- Water inlets 72 a and 72 b are formed at the upper ends of both ends of each cylinder 16, and water outlets 74 a and 74 b are formed at the lower ends of both ends of the cylinder 16, respectively.
- the piston 12 reciprocates between the two water inlets 72a and 72b and between the two water outlets 74a and 74b.
- a Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 is provided between each piston 12 and the crankshaft 14.
- Each Z mechanism XY separation crank mechanism 10 includes a support member 20 provided so as to be reciprocally movable along the X-axis direction on a reference plane including the central axis (movement axis) of the piston 12, and an X-axis direction on the reference plane. And a connecting member 24 that connects the piston 12 and the supporting member 20 to each other.
- the support member 20 is formed in an L shape and integrally includes a first support portion 20a extending in the X-axis direction and a second support portion 20b extending from the first support portion in the Y-axis direction.
- the first support portion 20a is supported and guided by the first linear slider 36 so as to be capable of reciprocating along the X-axis direction.
- the first linear slider 36 is fixed to the base 38 and fixedly provided.
- a second linear slider 40 extending in the Y-axis direction is attached to the second support portion 20b of the support member 20.
- the crank connecting member 22 is formed in, for example, a plate shape, and one end thereof is supported by the second linear slider 40 so as to be reciprocally movable along the Y-axis direction.
- the crank connecting member 22 is provided in the reference plane, and the other end is connected to the crankshaft 14.
- a circular through hole 41 is formed at the other end of the crank connecting member 22, and the crank pin 15 of the crankshaft 14 is rotatably inserted into the through hole 41 via a slide bearing. As a result, the crank connecting member 22 engages with the crankshaft 14 and connects the crankshaft 14 and the support member 20.
- the connecting member 24 is configured as, for example, an elongated connecting rod, one end of which is connected to the piston 12, and the other end is connected to the second support portion 20 b of the support member 20.
- the connecting member 24 extends coaxially with the central axis (movement axis) of the piston 12.
- the connecting member 24 reciprocates integrally with the piston 12 and the support member 20 along the X-axis direction.
- the XY separation crank mechanism 10 disposed between the other piston 12 and the crankshaft 14 also has the same configuration as described above.
- crank connection member 22 is separated by the second linear slider 40.
- the support member 20 reciprocates along the X axis direction by the first linear slider 36 together with the crank connecting member 22.
- a low-vibration operation is performed by a crankshaft shifted by 90 degrees, and the influence of the top and bottom dead centers can be eliminated by operation of 90 degrees.
- the XY separation crank mechanism 10 can significantly reduce friction loss, thereby reducing the size of a drive source such as a motor, and an apparatus including the XY separation crank mechanism. The overall size can be reduced. In addition, since there is no friction loss, vibration is reduced and high speed operation is possible.
- an XY separation crank that can reduce friction loss and vibration, and can convert and transmit motion with high efficiency, and a drive device including the same.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage.
- various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of components disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment.
- constituent elements over different embodiments may be appropriately combined.
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Abstract
Description
初めに、ZメカニズムXY分離クランク機構の基本構成について説明する。
図1は、横置きのZメカニズムXY分離クランク機構を示し、図2は、ZメカニズムXY分離クランク機構を概略的に示す斜視図である。
このようにして、クランク軸14の回転運動はXY分離クランク機構10により往復運動に変換されピストン12に伝達される。
なお、ピストン12に駆動入力がされる場合も同様に、ピストン12の往復運動は、XY分離クランク機構10における支持部材20のX軸方向の往復運動およびクランク接続部材22のY軸方向の往復運動によって回転運動に変換され、クランク軸14に伝達される。これにより、クランク軸14に回転出力が与えられる。
図3に示すように、駆動装置において、ZメカニズムXY分離クランク機構10は、移動体として、それぞれ第1方向(X軸方向)に往復移動自在に水平対向配置された一対のピストン12と、このピストン12の中心軸(移動軸)を含む基準平面(伝達平面)Cと直交する方向に延びるクランク軸14と、の間に設けられ、ピストン12の第1方向に沿った往復運動とクランク軸14の回転運動とを相互に変換して伝達するように構成されている。
このようにして、クランク軸14の回転運動はXY分離クランク機構10により往復運動に変換されピストン12に伝達される。
なお、ピストン12に駆動入力がされる場合も同様に、ピストン12の往復運動は、XY分離クランク機構10における支持部材20のX軸方向の往復運動およびクランク接続部材22のY軸方向の往復運動によって回転運動に変換され、クランク軸14に伝達される。これにより、クランク軸14に回転出力が与えられる。
図4および図5に示すように、駆動装置において、ZメカニズムXY分離クランク機構10は、例えば、第1方向であるY軸方向に往復移動自在に設けられたピストン12と、このピストン12の中心軸(移動軸)を含む基準平面Cと直交する方向に延びるクランク軸14と、の間に設けられ、ピストン12の第1方向に沿った往復運動とクランク軸14の回転運動とを相互に変換して伝達するように構成されている。
図6および図7に示すように、駆動装置において、ZメカニズムXY分離クランク機構10は、例えば、第1方向(X軸方向)に往復移動自在に設けられたピストン12と、このピストン12の中心軸(移動軸)を含む基準平面Cと直交する方向に延びる2本のクランク軸14と、の間に設けられ、ピストン12の第1方向に沿った往復運動と2本のクランク軸14の回転運動とを相互に変換して伝達するように構成されている。
このようにして、2本のクランク軸14の回転運動はXY分離クランク機構10により往復運動に変換されピストン12に伝達される。
上述したデュアル出力型のZメカニズムXY分離クランク機構を備えた駆動装置は、大型船舶用のエンジンやジェットエンジン等に好適である。例えば、船舶用のエンジンに適用した場合、2本のクランク軸14の回転出力を2本のスクリュウに伝達し、同時逆回転スクリュウあるいは同軸逆回転スクリュウを実現することができる。この場合、本XY分離クランク機構を用いることにより、2本のスクリュウに関して偏差の無い同期性に優れた出力が得られる。
図8に示すように、駆動装置において、ZメカニズムXY分離クランク機構10は、例えば、それぞれ第1方向(X軸方向)に往復移動自在に水平対向配置された一対のピストン12と、これらのピストン12の中心軸(移動軸)を含む基準平面Cと直交する方向に延びる2本のクランク軸14と、の間に設けられ、ピストン12の第1方向に沿った往復運動と2本のクランク軸14の回転運動とを相互に変換して伝達するように構成されている。
他の構成は、前述したI型デュアル出力型のZメカニズムXY分離クランク機構10と同一である。
図9は、本実施形態に係るXY分離クランク機構に作用する作用力を模式的し、図10は、XY分離クランク機構とピストンとの間の作用力点を2球体で模式的に示している。
図10に示すように、2球体構造の場合、例えば、連結部材24から力Fがピストン12に加えられると、この力は、F1、F2の2つの力に分解されているが、F1とF2とは等しく、2球体は、図9に示すように、1球体として分析しても良いことになる。
F=F1+F2、 F1=F2
図9において、
AB:クランク、BC:クランク接続部材、A点:クランク軸回転中心、
B点:クランクピン15、Fin:B点に入力される力、
θ:A点のクランクアームの成す角度、α:B点のFinのなす角度、
とした場合、
点Bに入力に入力したFinのX方向の分力Fin・cosαは、剛体であるクランクBCによって、C点の1球体に対し同じように発生する。B点におけるY軸方向の分力Fin・sinαも同様にC点の1球体に対し同じように発生する。これにより、C点に発生する摩擦ロスFmは以下の式で示される。
Fout = Fin・sinα - μm・sinα
= 0.9993 [N]
よって、Y軸方向へ99.93%の伝達効率で出力される。
F’m = μ'm × F’in …(2)
(μ’m:D点の動摩擦係数)
F’inは、図3に示したC点でのX軸方向の力である。
F’m = μ’m ×Fin・cosα …(3)
(α=π/2 - θ)
となる。
F’m = 0.01 × 1 × cos45°
= 0.01 [N] …(4)
となる。
F’in - F’m = 1 - 0.01 = 0.99
となり、殆どロスを生じることなく、99%の伝達率が得られることが分かる。
AB:クランク、BC:コンロッド、A点:クランク軸回転中心、
B点:クランクピン15、C点:ピストンピン、12:2球体で示されるピストン、
Fin:C点に入力される力、θ:∠BAC、φ:∠BCA、
とした場合、
C点にFinという力を加える。この入力Finにより,コンロッドBCにFin・tanφという力が生じる。
Fc = Fin・tanφ …(5)
次に、∠BCA=φをクランク角θによって表すと、AB=r、BC=l とした場合、
図13から、
Y=l・sinφ = r・sinθ、 sinφ = r/l・sinθ …(6) となる。
図27および図28は、他の実施形態に係るZメカニズムXY分離クランク機構を示し、図29は、XY分離クランク機構の支持部材を示し、図30は、スライドガイドの断面を示している。この実施形態によれば、リニアスライダに代えて、蟻溝によるスライド支持構造を用いている。ピストン12の移動方向をX軸方向とした場合、支持部材20の第1支持部20aは、X軸方向に延びているとともに、この第1支持部20aにX軸方向に延びる蟻溝37が形成されている。固定的に設けられたスライドガイド36は、X軸方向に延びるリブ36aを有し、このリブ36aの断面は、蟻溝37に対応する台形状に形成されている。そして、第1支持部20aは、その蟻溝37にスライドガイド36のリブ36aを係合させることにより、スライドガイド36にX軸方向に沿って摺動自在に支持されている。
このエンジン装置は、図示しない軸受等により回転自在に支持されたクランク軸14を備え、このクランク軸は、1つのクランクピン15を有している。クランクピン15は、クランク軸14に対して偏心して位置し、クランク軸の周りで偏心回転する。また、エンジン装置は、それぞれシリンダ16内に第1方向(X軸方向)に沿って往復移動自在に設けられた2つのピストン12a、12bを備えている。これらのピストン12は、クランク軸14の両側に、180°互いに相反する向きに配置されているとともに、互いに同軸的に配置されている。本実施形態において、ピストン12a、12bは、例えば、スカートを殆ど持たないショートピストンとして形成されている。
なお、2つの支持部材20A、20Bの相互干渉および振動を抑制するため、支持部材20Aと20Bとの隙間Gにエラストマ等の緩衝材を挟み込むようにしてもよい。
小口径のピストン等を用いる場合、電磁石の代わりに永久磁石を設け、支持部材側の永久磁石とスライドガイド側の永久磁石との相互反発作用を利用して摩擦軽減を図るようにしても良い。
本実施形態において、他の構成は、図36ないし図38に示した実施形態と同一であり、同一の部分には、同一の参照符号を付してその詳細な説明を省略する。
図48に示すように、プレス装置は、ほぼU字形状の本体フレーム50を備えている。この本体フレーム50は、水平に延びたベース部52と、ベース部から垂直上方に延出した延出部54と、延出部の上端からベース部52と平行に延びた支持部56と、で構成されている。そして、ベース部52と支持部56との間に加工スペースが形成されている。ベース部52上には、Z方向に沿って移動可能な下型58が設置され、加工スペース内に位置している。
図49および図50に示すように、ポンプは、例えば、水平方向に延びるクランク軸14を備えている。クランク軸14は一対の軸受18により回転自在に支持され、一方の端は、駆動源としてのモータ70に連結されている。このクランク軸14は、互いに所定角度、例えば、90度、位相がずれて配置された2つのクランクピン15を有している。これらのクランクピン15は、クランク軸14に対して偏心して位置し、クランク軸の周りで偏心回転する。
他のピストン12とクランク軸14との間に配設されたXY分離クランク機構10も、上記と同様の構成を有している。
14…クランク軸、15…クランクピン、16…シリンダ、
20、20A、20B…支持部材、20a…第1支持部、20b…第2支持部、
22…クランク接続部材、24…連結部材、36…第1リニアスライダ、
38…ベース、40…第2リニアスライダ、70、80…電磁石、
72、77、82、87…センサ、75…制御回路、76…永久磁石
Claims (19)
- 第1方向に沿って往復移動する移動体と、回転自在なクランク軸との間に設けられ、前記移動体の往復運動と前記クランク軸の回転運動とを相互に変換するXY分離クランク機構であって、
前記第1方向に往復移動自在に設けられた支持部材と、
前記第1方向と直交する第2方向に沿って往復移動自在に前記支持部材に取り付けられているとともに、前記クランク軸のクランクが回転自在に係合するクランク接続部材と、
前記ピストンと前記支持部材とを連結し、前記第1方向に沿って前記ピストンおよび支持部材と一体的に往復移動する連結部材と、を備え、
前記支持部材、クランク接続部材、および連結部材は、前記移動体の移動軸を含む基準平面内で移動可能に設けられているXY分離クランク機構。 - 前記支持部材は、前記第1方向に延びる第1支持部と、前記第1支持部から第2方向に延びる第2支持部とを有し、前記第1支持部は、第1方向スライダにより支持されている請求項1に記載のXY分離クランク機構。
- 前記クランク接続部材は、前記第2方向にスライド自在な第2スライダにより前記第2支持部に取り付けられ、前記クランク接続部材に、前記クランク軸のクランクピンが挿通され、回転自在に支持されている請求項2に記載のXY分離クランク機構。
- 前記クランク軸は、前記基準平面と直交して延びている請求項3に記載のXY分離クランク機構。
- 前記連結部材は、前記移動体の移動軸に同軸的に設けられている請求項4に記載のXY分離クランク機構。
- 前記支持部材は、前記第1方向に延びる蟻溝を有し、前記第1方向スライダは、前記蟻溝に摺動自在に係合している請求項1に記載のXY分離クランク機構。
- 前記支持部材は、前記第1方向に延びる第1支持部と、前記第1支持部からそれぞれ前記第2方向に沿って相反する方向に延びる2つの第2支持部と、を備え、それぞれ前記第2方向にスライド自在に前記2つの第2支持部に取り付けられた2つのクランク接続部材が設けられ、前記クランク接続部材は、それぞれ前記クランク軸に対して回転自在に係合している請求項1に記載のXY分離クランク機構。
- 前記支持部材は、前記第1方向に延びる第1支持部と、前記第1支持部からそれぞれ前記第2方向に延びる第2支持部および第3支持部と、を備え、
前記第1支持部は、第1方向スライダにより支持され、前記クランク接続部材は、前記第2方向にスライド自在な第2スライダにより前記第2支持部に取り付けられ、前記クランク接続部材に、前記クランク軸のクランクピンが挿通され、回転自在に支持され、
前記第2支持部とピストンとが前記連結部材により連結され、前記第1方向に沿って往復動自在な他の移動体と前記第3支持部とが他の連結部材により連結されている請求項1に記載のXY分離クランク機構。 - シリンダ内に第1方向に沿って往復動自在に設けられたピストンと、
前記ピストンの前記第1方向に沿った移動軸を含む基準平面と直交して延びるクランク軸と、
前記ピストンとクランク軸との間に設けられ、前記ピストンの往復運動と前記クランク軸の回転運動とを相互に変換する請求項1ないし8のいずれか1項に記載のXY分離クランク機構と、
を備える駆動装置。 - 前記XY分離クランク機構の支持部材およびクランク接続部材は、前記クランク軸の回動領域と前記ピストンの移動領域との間の領域内に収容可能な形状および寸法に形成されている請求項9に記載の駆動装置。
- 前記シリンダ内で燃料を圧縮、燃焼するエンジン装置として構成されている請求項9に記載の駆動装置。
- 前記クランク軸を回転する駆動部を備え、前記シリンダから圧縮流体を供給するコンプレッサとして構成されている請求項9に記載の駆動装置。
- それぞれシリンダ内に第1方向に沿って往復動自在に設けられ、互いに同軸的に配置された2つのピストンと、
前記ピストンの前記第1方向に沿った移動軸を含む基準平面と直交して延びるクランク軸と、
前記2つのピストンとクランク軸との間に設けられ、前記ピストンの往復運動と前記クランク軸の回転運動とを相互に変換するXY分離クランク機構と、を備え、
前記XY分離クランク機構は、
それぞれ前記第1方向に往復移動自在に設けられた第1支持部材および第2支持部材と、
前記第1方向と直交する第2方向に沿って往復移動自在に前記第1および第2支持部材に取り付けられているとともに、前記クランク軸のクランクピンが回転自在に係合する両クランク接続部材と、
前記ピストンと前記第1支持部材とを連結し、前記第1方向に沿って前記ピストンおよび第1支持部材と一体的に往復移動する第1連結部材と、
前記他方のピストンと前記第2支持部材とを連結し、前記第1方向に沿って前記ピストンおよび第2支持部材と一体的に往復移動する第2連結部材と、を備え、
前記第1および第2支持部材、両クランク接続部材、および連結部材は、前記移動体の移動軸を含む基準平面内で移動可能に設けられている駆動装置。 - 前記第1支持部材は、前記第1方向に延びる第1支持部と、前記第1支持部から第2方向に延びる第2支持部とを有し、前記第1支持部は、第1方向スライダにより支持され、
前記第2支持部材は、前記第1方向に延びる第1支持部と、前記第1支持部から第2方向に延びる第2支持部とを有し、前記第1支持部は、前記第1方向スライダにより支持され、前記第1支持部材の第1支持部と隙間を置いて対向している請求項13に記載の駆動装置。 - 前記両クランク接続部材は、前記第1支持部材の第2支持部に前記第2方向にスライド自在に接続された一側部と、前記第2支持部材の第2支持部に前記第2方向にスライド自在に接続された他側部と、前記両クランク接続部材に、前記クランク軸のクランクピンが挿通され、回転自在に支持されている請求項14に記載の駆動装置。
- 前記第1スライダ内に埋め込まれ前記第1方向に並んで設けられた複数の磁石と、前記第1および第2支持部材の第1支持部内に埋め込まれ前記第1方向に並んで設けられ、前記スライダ側の磁石と反発作用により前記第1および第2支持部材を浮かせる複数の支持部材側の磁石と、を備えている請求項15に記載の駆動装置。
- 前記スライダ側の磁石および支持部材側の磁石の一方は、電磁石で構成され、
前記クランク軸の回転角度を検出する回転角度検出回路と、前記検出されたクランク軸の回転角度に応じて前記電磁石への通電を制御する制御回路と、を更に備えている請求項16に記載の駆動装置。 - 前記シリンダ内で燃料を圧縮、燃焼するエンジン装置として構成されている請求項13ないし17のいずれか1項に記載の駆動装置。
- 前記クランク軸を回転する駆動部を備え、前記シリンダから圧縮流体を供給するコンプレッサとして構成されている請求項13ないし17のいずれか1項に記載の駆動装置。
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