WO2012141248A1 - 積層体とその製造方法及びそれを用いたデバイス構造体の製造方法 - Google Patents
積層体とその製造方法及びそれを用いたデバイス構造体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012141248A1 WO2012141248A1 PCT/JP2012/060020 JP2012060020W WO2012141248A1 WO 2012141248 A1 WO2012141248 A1 WO 2012141248A1 JP 2012060020 W JP2012060020 W JP 2012060020W WO 2012141248 A1 WO2012141248 A1 WO 2012141248A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polyimide film
- film
- treatment
- support
- laminate
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/10—Removing layers, or parts of layers, mechanically or chemically
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
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- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a laminate comprising a polyimide film and a support made of an inorganic material (hereinafter also simply referred to as “support”). Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a laminate in which a polyimide film is temporarily or semi-permanently bonded to an inorganic substrate serving as a support, and the laminate is a thin film such as a semiconductor element, a MEMS element, or a display element. This is useful when forming a device on the surface of the polyimide film, which requires fine processing.
- the laminate according to the present invention includes a thin polyimide film excellent in heat resistance and insulation, and an inorganic substance having a linear expansion coefficient substantially equal to the thin polyimide film (for example, a glass plate, a ceramic plate, a silicon wafer, a metal plate). 1) selected from the above, and a laminated body excellent in dimensional stability, heat resistance and insulation, capable of mounting a precise circuit. Therefore, the present invention relates to such a laminate, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing a device structure using the laminate.
- Patent Document 1 Conventionally, bonding of a polymer film to a support made of an inorganic material has been widely performed using an adhesive or an adhesive (Patent Document 1).
- a desired functional element is formed on a laminate in which a polymer film and an inorganic support are bonded, surface smoothness, dimensional stability, and cleanliness that do not hinder the formation of the functional element.
- the laminate is required to have resistance to process temperature, resistance to chemicals used for fine processing, and the like.
- a process in a temperature range of about 200 to 500 ° C. is required.
- heat treatment at 450 ° C.
- the temperature is from about 200 ° C. to about 300 ° C. Temperature can be applied to the film.
- the polymer film needs to have heat resistance, as well as the joint surface between the polymer film and the support (that is, an adhesive or adhesive for bonding). Must withstand the processing temperature.
- conventional adhesives and pressure-sensitive adhesives for bonding did not have sufficient heat resistance, they cannot be applied when the functional element is formed at a high temperature.
- the semiconductor thin films when a Si thin film having a very small linear expansion coefficient of about 3 ppm / ° C. is formed on the polymer film, if the difference in the linear expansion coefficient between the film and the thin film is large, the thin film There is also a problem that stress accumulates in the interior, causing deterioration of performance, warping or peeling. In particular, when a high temperature is applied during the thin film formation process, stress due to a difference in linear expansion coefficient between the film and the thin film increases during the temperature change.
- a film having a low melting point is not suitable from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- a polymer film made of polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, or glass fiber. Reinforced epoxy or the like is used.
- a film made of polyimide has the advantage that it can be thinned because it has excellent heat resistance and is tough.
- a polyimide film generally has a large linear expansion coefficient and a significant dimensional change due to a temperature change, and thus has a problem that it is difficult to apply to the production of a circuit having fine wiring, and the fields that can be used are limited.
- a device using a polyimide film having sufficient physical properties for a substrate having heat resistance, high mechanical properties, and flexibility has not been obtained yet.
- a polyimide benzoxazole film made of polyimide having a benzoxazole ring in the main chain has been proposed as a polyimide film having a high tensile elastic modulus (Patent Document 2).
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 printed wiring boards using this polyimide benzoxazole film as a dielectric layer have also been proposed (Patent Documents 3 and 4).
- the polyimide benzoxazole film made of polyimide having these benzoxazole rings in the main chain has improved tensile fracture strength and tensile elastic modulus and has a satisfactory range of linear expansion coefficient.
- thermoplastic resin on these polyimide films.
- the low heat resistance of the thermoplastic resin used as the adhesive layer tends to ruin the heat resistance of the folded polyimide film. It was.
- the thermoplastic resin generally has a large linear expansion coefficient, and since there is a limit to making this layer thin, it has a tendency to adversely affect dimensional stability when heated.
- a display device having the same is manufactured (Patent Document 5).
- Patent Document 6 It is known that polymer films are bonded to each other by UV irradiation, and it is disclosed that it is effective to use a coupling agent at this time (Patent Document 6). However, this technique relates only to the adhesion between polymer films, and does not control the adhesive peeling force of the coupling agent itself by UV light irradiation.
- JP 2008-159935 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 06-056792 Japanese National Patent Publication No. 11-504369 Japanese National Patent Publication No. 11-505184 JP 2009-260387 A JP 2008-19348 A
- the present invention has been made paying attention to the circumstances as described above, and the object thereof is a laminate of a polyimide film and a support for use as a base material for laminating various devices,
- An object of the present invention is to provide a laminate in which a polyimide film can be easily peeled off from a support without being peeled off even in a high temperature process at the time of production and after a device is produced on a polyimide film.
- the present inventors have performed a coupling agent treatment on at least one of the surfaces of the support and the polyimide film facing each other to form a coupling treatment layer. It is good if adhesion is made possible, and then a part of the coupling treatment layer is inactivated to form a predetermined pattern so that a good adhesive part and an easy peel part having different peel strengths exist. It is possible to easily peel off the polyimide film with the device from the support by expressing sufficient peel strength that does not peel off even in the high temperature process at the time of device production at the bonded part, and cutting into the easy peel part after device production.
- the present invention has been completed by finding out what can be done.
- the present invention has the following configuration. 1) A method for producing a laminate comprising at least a support and a polyimide film, wherein a film having a plasma treatment applied to at least a surface facing the support is used as the polyimide film. And at least one of the surfaces facing the polyimide film is subjected to a coupling agent treatment to form a coupling treatment layer, and then a part of the coupling treatment layer is subjected to an inactivation treatment to form a predetermined pattern. Then, the said support body and the said polyimide film are piled up, and it heat-presses and heat-processes, The manufacturing method of the laminated body characterized by the above-mentioned.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of blast treatment, vacuum plasma treatment, atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, corona treatment, actinic radiation irradiation treatment, active gas treatment and chemical treatment is performed 1) The manufacturing method of the laminated body as described in any one of. 3) The method for producing a laminate according to 2), wherein at least UV irradiation treatment is performed as the inactivation treatment. 4) The method for producing a laminate according to any one of 1) to 3), wherein the pressure heat treatment is performed using a roll. 5) The method for producing a laminate according to any one of 1) to 4), wherein the pressure heating treatment is performed under vacuum. 6) The pressurization heat treatment is performed separately into a pressurization process and a heating process.
- the manufacturing method of the laminated body in any one of 5).
- the 180-degree peel strength between the support and the polyimide film in the easy-peeling portion is 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the 180-degree peel strength between the support and the polyimide film in the good adhesion portion.
- the laminated body as described in. 11) The laminate according to 9) or 10), wherein the polyimide film is a film obtained by a reaction between a diamine containing an aromatic diamine having a benzoxazole structure and a tetracarboxylic acid.
- the laminate obtained by the production method of the present invention is a laminate in which one side of a support (glass plate, ceramic plate, silicon wafer, metal, etc.) and one side of a polyimide film are bonded without an adhesive layer interposed therebetween. Since the adhesive peel strength of the support and the polyimide film is different according to a predetermined pattern, it is divided into a good adhesion part and an easy peel part. Therefore, after making a device on the polyimide film, the polyimide of the easy peel part A polyimide film with a device can be easily obtained by cutting and peeling the film. According to the present invention, a circuit or the like can be formed on a thin polyimide film having insulating properties, flexibility, and heat resistance.
- the laminate of the present invention does not peel off even when heat is applied during the process, and the polyimide film and the support can be smoothly peeled off even when peeled off from the support as necessary after device fabrication. Furthermore, since the laminate of the present invention is a laminate having a peel strength that does not peel in the course of the process, a conventional electronic device manufacturing process can be used as it is.
- the device when a device is manufactured on a polyimide film, the device can be stably and accurately manufactured because the surface properties of the polyimide film are excellent in adhesion and smoothness.
- the laminate of the present invention is extremely useful for producing an electronic device in which a circuit or the like is formed on a thin polyimide film having insulating properties, flexibility, and heat resistance.
- the present invention it is also possible to add a plasma treatment and an acid treatment to the polyimide film original.
- the process of this part can be made into a roll-to-roll process and can be processed efficiently.
- the handling property as a roll is equivalent to that before the plasma treatment.
- roll conveyance becomes easy by attaching the protective film with an adhesive to the surface on the opposite side to the surface which performs an acid treatment.
- a protective film may be attached to prevent scratches, etc., so this will not increase the number of processes, and this protective film will be covered with a lubricant.
- the roll can be transported without any problems. Further, as another process configuration, since the plasma treatment can be performed with a roll and then the cut sheet can be used for the acid treatment, a simple implementation is possible. It is significant in implementation that the process is excellent in productivity.
- the laminate of the present invention is supported by a support made of a heat-resistant inorganic material, it can be precisely positioned at the time of circuit wiring production and semiconductor formation, and can be used for multi-layer thin film production, circuit formation, Thin film deposition and the like can be performed without peeling even in high-temperature processes during semiconductor fabrication. Moreover, since this laminated body can be easily peeled off when only the easy peeling portion of the pattern is peeled after the semiconductor is added, the produced semiconductor is not destroyed.
- the device-added polyimide film having the circuit-added device and the semiconductor-added device-attached device having the semiconductor element are formed.
- a polyimide film can be provided.
- the laminate of the present invention is a laminate that is significant for circuit formation or the like at high temperatures or for precise circuit formation.
- solar cells made of single crystal and polycrystal Si are easy to break as the thickness is reduced, and there are problems in handling during the process and durability after completion. These problems can be solved by using a laminate with a support as in the invention.
- a reinforcing substrate capable of drawing out an electrode can be manufactured.
- a concentric film thickness distribution can be formed on the wafer, and the front and back surfaces of the polyimide film Due to the difference in structure, it becomes a polyimide film that warps when peeled off, the adhesive strength between the polyimide film and the wafer is too strong, and the polyimide film is fragile, so peeling from the support itself is difficult There is a problem that the film is often damaged at the time of peeling.
- the film thickness in a narrow area is extremely high with respect to a support such as a wafer or glass, and the circuit was produced first. It is possible to apply the circuit later or to manufacture a circuit after the application, which is suitable for circuit manufacture.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a method for producing a laminate according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of the method for producing a device structure of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a pattern example.
- FIG. 4 is an AFM image showing the crater portion.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional AFM image of the straight portion of the crater portion shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is an AFM image (10 ⁇ m square) including a crater portion.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method of measuring the diameter of the crater portion.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method of measuring the number of craters.
- the manufacturing method of the laminated body of this invention is a method of manufacturing the laminated body comprised from these using a support body and a polyimide film at least.
- the support in the present invention may be a plate made of an inorganic material that can be used as a substrate, for example, a glass plate, a ceramic plate, a silicon wafer, a metal or the like mainly, and these glass plates, Examples of the ceramic plate, silicon wafer, and metal composite include those obtained by laminating them, those in which they are dispersed, and those containing these fibers.
- the glass plate examples include quartz glass, high silicate glass (96% silica), soda lime glass, lead glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, borosilicate glass (Pyrex (registered trademark)), borosilicate glass (non-alkali), Borosilicate glass (microsheet), aluminosilicate glass and the like are included.
- quartz glass high silicate glass (96% silica)
- soda lime glass lead glass
- aluminoborosilicate glass borosilicate glass (Pyrex (registered trademark)
- borosilicate glass non-alkali
- Borosilicate glass microsheet
- aluminosilicate glass and the like examples of the glass plate.
- those having a linear expansion coefficient of 5 ppm / ° C. or less are desirable, and commercially available products are “Corning 7059”, “Corning 1737”, “EAGLE”, and Asahi Glass Co.
- AN100 “OA10” manufactured by Nippon
- the ceramic plate examples include Al 2 O 3 , Mullite, AlN, SiC, Si 3 N 4 , BN, crystallized glass, Cordierite, Spodumene, Pb—BSG + CaZrO 3 + Al 2 O 3 , Crystallized glass + Al 2 O 3 , Crystallized Ca-BSG, BSG + Quartz, BSG + Quartz, BSG + Al 2 O 3 , Pb + BSG + Al 2 O 3 , Glass-ceramic, Zerodur materials, etc.
- Substrate ceramics TiO 2 , strontium titanate, calcium titanate, magnesium titanate, MgO, MgO steatite, BaTi 4 O 9, BaTiO 3 , BaTi 4 + CaZrO 3, BaSrCaZrTiO 3, Ba (TiZr) O 3, PMN Capacitor materials such as PT and PFN-PFW, PbNb 2 O 6 , Pb 0.5 Be 0.5 Nb 2 O 6, PbTiO 3, BaTiO 3, PZT, 0.855PZT-95PT-0.5BT, 0.873PZT-0.97PT- Piezoelectric materials such as 0.3BT and PLZT are included.
- the silicon wafer includes all of n-type or p-type doped silicon wafers, intrinsic silicon wafers, etc., and silicon wafers in which a silicon oxide layer or various thin films are deposited on the surface of the silicon wafer.
- silicon wafers germanium, silicon-germanium, gallium-arsenic, aluminum-gallium-indium, and nitrogen-phosphorus-arsenic-antimony are often used.
- general-purpose semiconductor wafers such as InP (indium phosphorus), InGaAs, GaInNAs, LT, LN, ZnO (zinc oxide), CdTe (cadmium tellurium), and ZnSe (zinc selenide) are also included.
- the metal examples include single element metals such as W, Mo, Pt, Fe, Ni, and Au, alloys such as Inconel, Monel, Nimonic, carbon copper, Fe—Ni-based Invar alloy, and Super Invar alloy.
- a multilayer metal plate formed by adding other metal layers and ceramic layers to these metals is also included. In this case, if the total CTE with the additional layer is low, Cu, Al or the like is also used for the main metal layer.
- the metal used as the additional metal layer is limited as long as it has strong adhesion to the polyimide film, no diffusion, and good chemical resistance and heat resistance. Although it is not, chromium, nickel, TiN, and Mo containing Cu are mentioned as a suitable example.
- the planar portion of the support is sufficiently flat.
- the PV value of the surface roughness is 50 nm or less, more preferably 20 nm or less, and still more preferably 5 nm or less. If it is rougher than this, the peel strength between the polyimide film and the support may be insufficient.
- a polyimide film is a green film obtained by applying a polyamic acid solution (also referred to as “polyimide precursor solution”) obtained by reacting at least a diamine and a tetracarboxylic acid in a solvent to a support for preparing a polyimide film and drying it.
- a film also referred to as “precursor film” or “polyamic acid film” is formed, and the green film is subjected to high-temperature heat treatment on a polyimide film support or peeled from the support to perform a dehydration ring-closing reaction. Can be obtained.
- the support body for polyimide film preparation said here differs from the "support body” mentioned above as a structural member of the laminated body of this invention.
- diamine which comprises a polyamic acid there is no restriction
- combination can be used.
- aromatic diamines are preferable, and aromatic diamines having a benzoxazole structure are more preferable.
- Diamines may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the aromatic diamine having a benzoxazole structure is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 5-amino-2- (p-aminophenyl) benzoxazole, 6-amino-2- (p-aminophenyl) benzoxazole, 5-amino-2- (m-aminophenyl) benzoxazole, 6-amino-2- (m-aminophenyl) benzoxazole, 2,2′-p-phenylenebis (5-aminobenzoxazole), 2,2 '-P-phenylenebis (6-aminobenzoxazole), 1- (5-aminobenzoxazolo) -4- (6-aminobenzoxazolo) benzene, 2,6- (4,4'-diaminodiphenyl) Benzo [1,2-d: 5,4-d ′] bisoxazole, 2,6- (4,4′-diaminodiphenyl) benzo [1, -D: 4,5-
- amino (aminophenyl) benzoxazole isomers are preferable from the viewpoint of easy synthesis, and 5-amino-2- (p-aminophenyl) benzoxazole is more preferable.
- each isomer means one in which the bonding positions of two amino groups of amino (aminophenyl) benzoxazole are different.
- 5-amino-2- (p-aminophenyl) benzoxazole, 6-amino-2- (p-aminophenyl) benzoxazole, 5-amino-2- (m-aminophenyl) benzoxazole, 6-amino-2- (m-aminophenyl) benzoxazole corresponds to the isomer.
- the diamine contains an aromatic diamine having a benzoxazole structure
- the amount used is preferably 70 mol% or more of the total diamines, and more preferably 75 mol% or more.
- diamine in addition to the diamine having the benzoxazole structure described above, other diamines exemplified below can also be used.
- examples of other diamines include 2,2′-dimethyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, bisaniline, 1,4-bis (4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy) benzene, and 2,2′-ditrimethyl.
- Examples thereof include substituted aromatic diamines.
- alicyclic diamines such as 4,4′-methylenebis (2,6-dimethylcyclohexylamine) can also be used.
- the amount used is preferably 30 mol% or less, more preferably 25 mol% or less of the total diamines.
- the tetracarboxylic acids constituting the polyamic acid are not particularly limited, and aromatic tetracarboxylic acids, aliphatic tetracarboxylic acids, alicyclic tetracarboxylic acids, or acid anhydrides thereof or the like usually used for polyimide synthesis are used. be able to. Among these, aromatic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides and alicyclic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides are preferable, and aromatic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides are more preferable. In the case where these are acid anhydrides, the number of anhydride structures in the molecule may be one or two, but those having two anhydride structures (dianhydrides) are preferred. Good.
- Tetracarboxylic acids may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the alicyclic tetracarboxylic acid anhydride include cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-bicyclohexyltetra Examples thereof include carboxylic dianhydrides.
- aromatic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides are not particularly limited, but are preferably those having a pyromellitic acid residue, that is, a structure derived from pyromellitic acid.
- aromatic tetracarboxylic acids include pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4,4′-oxydiphthalic dianhydride, 3 , 3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2-bis [4- (3,4-di Carboxyphenoxy) phenyl] propanoic dianhydride and the like.
- the polyamic acid is particularly preferably composed of diamines and tetracarboxylic acids in the following combinations.
- A. A combination of an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid having a pyromellitic acid residue and an aromatic diamine having a benzoxazole structure.
- B. A combination of an aromatic diamine having a phenylenediamine skeleton and an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid having a biphenyltetracarboxylic acid skeleton.
- the polyamic acid may contain tricarboxylic acids such as cyclohexane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid anhydride in addition to the diamines and tetracarboxylic acids described above.
- the solvent used in the reaction (polymerization) of diamines and tetracarboxylic acids to obtain a polyamic acid is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves both the raw material monomer and the produced polyamic acid.
- Solvents are preferred, for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-acetyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, hexamethylphosphoric Examples include amide, ethyl cellosolve acetate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, sulfolane, and halogenated phenols.
- solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of these solvents used may be an amount sufficient to dissolve the raw material monomer.
- the amount of all monomers in the reaction solution (solution in which the monomer is dissolved) is usually The amount is 5 to 40% by mass, preferably 10 to 30% by mass.
- the conditions for the polymerization reaction (hereinafter also simply referred to as “polymerization reaction”) for obtaining the polyamic acid may be conventionally known conditions. For example, in an organic solvent at a temperature range of 0 to 80 ° C. for 10 minutes. Stirring and / or mixing continuously for ⁇ 30 hours. If necessary, the polymerization reaction may be divided or the reaction temperature may be increased or decreased. Although there is no restriction
- the polymerization may be controlled by adding a small amount of a terminal blocking agent to the diamine before the polymerization reaction.
- the terminal blocking agent include dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, tricarboxylic acid anhydrides, and aniline derivatives.
- phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, 4-ethynyl phthalic anhydride, 4-phenylethynyl phthalic anhydride, and ethynyl aniline are preferable, and maleic anhydride is particularly preferable.
- the amount used when the end-capping agent is used is preferably 0.001 to 1.0 mol with respect to 1 mol of the diamine.
- the mass of the polyamic acid in the polyamic acid solution obtained by the polymerization reaction is preferably 5 to 40% by mass, more preferably 10 to 30% by mass.
- the viscosity of the polyamic acid solution is preferably 10 to 2000 Pa ⁇ s, more preferably 100 to 1000 Pa ⁇ s, as measured by a Brookfield viscometer (25 ° C.), from the viewpoint of liquid feeding stability. .
- additives such as an antifoaming agent, a leveling agent, and a flame retardant may be added to the polyamic acid solution obtained by the polymerization reaction for the purpose of further improving the performance of the polyimide film. These addition methods and addition times are not particularly limited.
- a green film (self-supporting precursor film) is obtained by applying and drying the polyamic acid solution on a polyimide film production support.
- a method of imidizing the green film by subjecting it to a heat treatment can be employed.
- Application of polyamic acid solution to the support includes, for example, spin coating, doctor blade, applicator, comma coater, screen printing method, slit coating, reverse coating, dip coating, casting from a nozzle with a slit, extruder
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and conventionally known solution coating means can be appropriately used.
- the heating temperature for drying the coated polyamic acid solution is preferably 50 ° C. to 120 ° C., more preferably 80 ° C. to 100 ° C.
- the drying time is preferably 5 minutes to 3 hours, more preferably 15 minutes to 2 hours.
- the amount of residual solvent in the green film after drying is preferably 25 to 50% by mass, more preferably 35 to 45% by mass.
- the temperature at which the green film is heat-treated is, for example, preferably 150 to 550 ° C., more preferably 280 to 520 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 0.05 to 10 hours.
- the polyimide film has a glass transition temperature of 250 ° C. or higher, preferably 300 ° C. or higher, more preferably 350 ° C. or higher, or preferably no glass transition point is observed in the region of 500 ° C. or lower.
- the glass transition temperature in the present invention is determined by differential thermal analysis (DSC).
- the average linear expansion coefficient between 30 ° C. and 300 ° C. of the polyimide film is preferably ⁇ 5 ppm / ° C. to +20 ppm / ° C., more preferably ⁇ 5 ppm / ° C. to +15 ppm / ° C., further preferably 1 ppm. / ° C. to +10 ppm / ° C. If it is out of this range, the difference in coefficient of linear expansion from the support becomes large, so that the support made of polyimide film and inorganic substance may be easily peeled off during the process of applying heat.
- the linear expansion coefficient does not change in the temperature range for metals and ceramics, but the CTE may change in the temperature range for polyimide films. Therefore, the measurement lower limit may be replaced with 0 ° C, 30 ° C, 50 ° C, and the measurement upper limit may be replaced with 200 ° C, 300 ° C, 400 ° C.
- an average value between 30 ° C. and 300 ° C. is used as the linear expansion coefficient of the polyimide film, but the temperature range to be noticed varies depending on the application, and 30 ° C. in consideration of the process at high temperature.
- the range may be from 100 ° C to 400 ° C.
- the operating temperature range is -50 ° C to 150 ° C. There may be cases where emphasis is placed on.
- the thickness of the polyimide film in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, and more preferably 3 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m.
- the thickness unevenness of these polyimide films is also preferably 20% or less. If the thickness of the polyimide film is less than 1 ⁇ m, it may be difficult to control the thickness and may be difficult to peel from the support. If it exceeds 200 ⁇ m, the polyimide film may be bent when peeled from the support. There is a fear. By using a polyimide film having a thickness in the above-mentioned range, it can greatly contribute to the enhancement of the performance of elements such as sensors and the miniaturization of electronic parts.
- the polyimide film is preferably obtained in the form of being wound as a long polyimide film having a width of 300 mm or more and a length of 10 m or more at the time of production, and a form of a roll-shaped polyimide film wound on a winding core Are more preferred.
- a sliding material is added to and contained in the polyimide constituting the film, thereby providing the polyimide film surface with fine irregularities to ensure slipperiness. It is preferable.
- the lubricant (particles) are fine particles made of an inorganic substance, such as metals, metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbonides, metal acid salts, phosphates, carbonates, talc, mica, clay, and other clay minerals. , Etc. can be used.
- metal oxides such as silicon oxide, calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium pyrophosphate, hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate, and glass filler, phosphates, and carbonates can be used. Only one type of lubricant may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- the volume average particle diameter of the lubricant (particles) is usually 0.001 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 0.03 to 2.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 to 0.7 ⁇ m, still more preferably 0.05 to 0.3 ⁇ m.
- the volume average particle diameter is based on a measurement value obtained by a light scattering method. If the particle diameter is smaller than the lower limit, industrial production of the polyimide film becomes difficult. If the particle diameter exceeds the upper limit, the unevenness of the surface becomes too large and the pasting strength becomes weak, which may cause practical problems.
- the addition amount of the lubricant is 0.05 to 50% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.20 to 1.% by mass with respect to the polymer solid content in the polyamic acid solution. 0% by mass. If the amount of the lubricant added is too small, it is difficult to expect the effect of the lubricant addition, and there is a case that the slipperiness is not secured so much that the polyimide film production may be hindered. Even if the slipperiness is ensured, there is a possibility that the smoothness is lowered, the breaking strength and breaking elongation of the polyimide film are lowered, and the CTE is raised.
- a lubricant When a lubricant (particle) is added to and contained in a polyimide film, it may be a single-layer polyimide film in which the lubricant is uniformly dispersed.
- one surface is composed of a polyimide film containing a lubricant, Even if the other surface does not contain or contains a lubricant, a multilayer polyimide film composed of a polyimide film having a small amount of lubricant may be used.
- fine irregularities are imparted to the surface of one layer (film), and slipperiness can be secured with the layer (film), and good handling properties and productivity can be secured.
- the production of such a multilayer polyimide film will be described.
- the multilayer polyimide film is, for example, a polyamic acid solution (polyimide precursor solution) in which a lubricant (preferably having an average particle size of about 0.05 to 2.5 ⁇ m) is 0 with respect to the solid content of the polymer in the polyamic acid solution. 0.05% by mass to 50% by mass (preferably 0.1 to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.20 to 1.0% by mass) and no lubricant or a small amount of the content ( It is preferable to produce using two polyamic acid solutions which are preferably 0.3% by mass or less, more preferably 0.01% by mass or less) based on the polymer solid content in the polyamic acid solution.
- a lubricant preferably having an average particle size of about 0.05 to 2.5 ⁇ m
- the method of multilayering (lamination) of the multilayer polyimide film is not particularly limited as long as no problem occurs in the adhesion between the two layers, and any method may be used as long as the adhesion is achieved without using an adhesive layer or the like.
- the other polyamic acid solution is continuously applied onto the polyamic acid film and then imidized, iii) a method by coextrusion, iv) a polyamic acid which does not contain a lubricant or has a small content
- a polyamic acid which does not contain a lubricant or has a small content
- examples thereof include a method in which a polyamic acid solution containing a large amount of a lubricant is applied on a film formed by a solution by spray coating, T-die coating, or the like, and imidized.
- the methods i) and ii) are preferable.
- the ratio of the thickness of each layer in the multilayer polyimide film is not particularly limited, but the film (layer) formed of the polyamic acid solution containing a large amount of the lubricant (a) layer, does not contain the lubricant or contains it
- the layer (a) / (b) layer is preferably 0.05 to 0.95. If the (a) layer / (b) layer exceeds 0.95, the smoothness of the (b) layer tends to be lost. On the other hand, if it is less than 0.05, the effect of improving the surface properties is insufficient and the slipperiness is lost. May be.
- the polyimide film is subjected to plasma treatment on at least the surface facing the support.
- the plasma treatment By applying the plasma treatment, the polyimide film surface is modified to a state in which a functional group exists (so-called activated state), and good adhesion to the support becomes possible.
- the plasma treatment is not particularly limited, but includes RF plasma treatment in vacuum, microwave plasma treatment, microwave ECR plasma treatment, atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, corona treatment, etc., gas treatment containing fluorine, ion Also includes ion implantation using a source, processing using a PBII method, frame processing, intro processing, and the like. Among these, RF plasma treatment, microwave plasma treatment, and atmospheric pressure plasma treatment in vacuum are preferable.
- Appropriate conditions for the plasma treatment include oxygen plasma, plasma containing fluorine such as CF 4 and C 2 F 6, plasma known to have a high etching effect, or physical energy such as Ar plasma. It is desirable to use plasma with a high effect of applying to the polyimide surface and physically etching. Further, it is also preferable to add plasma such as CO 2 , H 2 , N 2 , a mixed gas thereof, and further water vapor. When aiming at processing in a short time, a plasma having a high plasma energy density, a high kinetic energy of ions in the plasma, and a high number density of active species are desirable. From this point of view, microwave plasma treatment, microwave ECR plasma treatment, plasma irradiation with an ion source that easily implants high-energy ions, PBII method, and the like are also desirable.
- the effects of plasma treatment include the addition of the above-mentioned surface functional groups, the change in contact angle accompanying this, improvement in adhesion, removal of surface contamination, etc., as well as the removal of irregularly shaped objects associated with processing called desmear.
- polymer and ceramic are completely different in etching ease, only a polymer having a lower binding energy than ceramic is selectively etched. For this reason, under the gas species and discharge conditions that have an etching action, only the polymer is selectively etched to expose the lubricant (also referred to as particles or filler).
- polishing with a pad including the case where a chemical solution is used in combination, brush polishing, polishing with a sponge soaked with a chemical solution, and putting abrasive particles in the polishing pad
- polishing with sand, sand blasting, wet blasting, and the like examples include polishing with sand, sand blasting, wet blasting, and the like, and these means may be employed together with plasma treatment.
- the plasma treatment may be performed only on one side of the polyimide film or on both sides.
- a polyimide film is placed in a state where it is electrically floated in the space between the two electrodes, plasma treatment can be performed on both sides.
- single-sided processing becomes possible by performing plasma processing in the state which stuck the protective film on the single side
- a protective film a PET film with an adhesive or an olefin film can be used as a protective film.
- the polyimide film subjected to the plasma treatment is preferably subjected to an acid treatment after the plasma treatment.
- an acid treatment after the plasma treatment.
- the polyimide film surface containing the lubricant (particles) even if the lubricant has a convex shape near the surface, a very thin polyimide layer exists on the surface. Since polyimide has strong resistance to acid, even if it is a very thin layer, if polyimide is on the surface of the lubricant, the acid will not be in direct contact with the surface of the lubricant and will not be eroded by the acid treatment. After only the polymer (polyimide) is selectively etched due to the effect, the acid directly contacts the surface of the lubricant.
- FIG. 4 shows an AFM image showing the crater part
- FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional image of the straight part of the crater part shown in FIG. 4
- FIG. 6 shows an AFM image (10 ⁇ m square) including the crater part.
- the edge portion of the crater is softer than the protrusion in which the lubricant particles are encapsulated, and is deformed with a relatively weak force when the polyimide film and the support are brought into pressure contact.
- the protrusion containing the lubricant is not easily deformed and inhibits the adhesion between the polyimide film and the support, but the adhesion between the polyimide film and the support is achieved by making the lubricant part into such a crater-like shape. And the peel strength between the polyimide film and the support can be further improved.
- the acid treatment can be performed by immersing the plasma-treated polyimide film in a chemical solution containing acid, or by applying or spraying the chemical solution on the plasma-treated polyimide film. You may use washing together. Moreover, the acid treatment of only one side becomes possible by performing an acid treatment in the state which stuck the protective film on the single side
- a PET film with an adhesive or an olefin film can be used as the protective film.
- the acid used for the acid treatment is not particularly limited as long as it can etch only the lubricant, and examples thereof include HF and BHF, which are usually used as an aqueous solution.
- HF aqueous solution and BHF aqueous solution have an action of dissolving SiO 2 and glass, and are frequently used in the semiconductor industry.
- SiO 2 dissolution efficiency of HF has been well studied
- 10% by weight of SiO 2 etching rate of the aqueous HF solution is known to be about 12 ⁇ / sec at room temperature
- SiO 2 lubricant of about 80nm is It can be sufficiently processed by contact with a chemical solution for about 1 minute.
- the type of the lubricant is not limited to SiO 2.
- the acid concentration in the chemical solution is preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 3 to 10% by mass. If the acid concentration in the chemical solution is too thin, the etching time is increased and the productivity is lowered. If the acid concentration is too high, the etching time is too early and the chemical solution is exposed more than necessary.
- the step of adding plasma treatment and acid treatment to the polyimide film (raw fabric) is preferably performed by roll-to-roll from the viewpoint of the efficiency of the treatment. Since the polyimide film roll subjected to the plasma treatment also has a lubricant, the handling property as a roll is equivalent to that before the plasma treatment. Moreover, after performing plasma treatment with a roll, it is also useful to perform acid treatment after making it into a cut sheet from the viewpoint that simple implementation is possible.
- the surface form of the polyimide film subjected to the plasma treatment and the acid treatment has 2 to 100 craters having a diameter of 10 to 500 nm per 100 ⁇ m 2 when one surface thereof is observed by the AFM method described later.
- Ra on the other surface is preferably from 0.3 nm to 0.95 nm, which improves the adhesion and provides a smoothness suitable for bonding and lamination without an adhesive to the support. It has a given surface.
- a polyimide film having 2 to 100 craters having a diameter of 10 to 500 nm on one side per 100 ⁇ m 2 has a more appropriate peel strength in bonding lamination without an adhesive.
- the number of craters is 5-30 per 100 ⁇ m 2 and the crater diameter is 30-100 nm. If the diameter of the crater is less than 10 nm, the effect of improving the adhesiveness will be reduced, and if it exceeds 500 nm, excessive etching will be performed, which will adversely affect the strength of the polyimide film and will also have an effect on improving the adhesiveness. It becomes difficult.
- the number of craters is less than 2, the effect of improving the adhesiveness is reduced, and when the number of craters exceeds 100, the polyimide film strength is adversely affected and the effect of improving the adhesiveness is hardly exhibited.
- a smooth surface having a Ra of 0.3 nm to 0.95 nm on the other surface of the polyimide film is particularly preferable for producing a precise electric circuit or semiconductor device.
- Ra exceeds 2.0 nm, In other words, it does not have the necessary degree of smoothness, and may adversely affect the metal foil film formed thereon in terms of adhesion and smoothness.
- Such a polyimide film having a smooth surface is produced by using a polyamide acid solution for forming a polyimide (polyimide precursor solution) with a combination of a lubricant and a non-added or a very small amount.
- roll roll-up property and proper slipping property at the time of polyimide film production are also given, and the polyimide film production becomes easy.
- a coupling agent process is performed to at least one of the surfaces where the said support body and the said polyimide film oppose, and a coupling process layer is formed.
- the coupling agent means a compound that is physically or chemically interposed between the support and the polyimide film and has an action of increasing the adhesive force between the two, and is generally a silane coupling.
- the coupling agent is not particularly limited, but a silane coupling agent having an amino group or an epoxy group is particularly preferable.
- the silane coupling agent include N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-2- ( Aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-triethoxysilyl-N- (1,3-dimethylbutylidene) propylamine, 2 -(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-gly
- the coupling agent used in the present invention includes, for example, 1-mercapto-2-propanol, methyl 3-mercaptopropionate, 3-mercapto-2-butanol, butyl 3-mercaptopropionate, 3 -(Dimethoxymethylsilyl) -1-propanethiol, 4- (6-mercaptohexaloyl) benzyl alcohol, 11-amino-1-undecenethiol, 11-mercaptoundecylphosphonic acid, 11-mercaptoundecyltrifluoroacetic acid 2,2 '-(ethylenedioxy) diethanethiol, 11-mercaptoundecyltri (ethylene glycol), (1-mercaptoundec-11-yl) tetra (ethylene glycol), 1- (methylcarboxy) undeck -11-yl) hexa (ethyl) Glycol), hydroxyundecyl disulfide, carboxyundecyl,
- Particularly preferred coupling agents include N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-triethoxysilyl-N- (1,3-dimethylbutylidene) propylamine, 2- (3 , 4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, aminophenyltrimethoxysilane, Aminophenethyltrimethoxy
- a method of forming a coupling treatment layer by performing a coupling agent treatment a method in which the coupling agent is directly or diluted with a solvent or the like, applied to a support and / or a polyimide film, dried and heat-treated, or the coupling agent itself
- a method in which a support and / or a polyimide film is immersed in a solution diluted with a solvent, followed by drying and heat treatment, a method of adding at the time of polyimide film production, and a method of treating with a coupling agent at the same time as polyimide film production may be adopted. it can.
- the conditions for the heat treatment are preferably 50 to 250 ° C., more preferably 75 to 165 ° C., more preferably about 95 to 155 ° C., preferably 30 seconds or more, more preferably 2 minutes or more, and still more preferably What is necessary is just to heat for 5 minutes or more. If the heating temperature is too high, decomposition or inactivation of the coupling agent may occur, and if it is too low, fixing will be insufficient. Moreover, even if the heating time is too long, the same problem may occur. The upper limit of the heating time is preferably 5 hours, more preferably about 2 hours. In addition, when performing a coupling agent process, since it is known that pH during process will influence a performance large, it is desirable to adjust pH suitably.
- a part of the coupling treatment layer is inactivated by etching to form a predetermined pattern.
- the deactivation treatment of the coupling treatment layer is to physically remove the coupling treatment layer (so-called etching), to physically mask the coupling treatment layer microscopically, It includes chemically modifying the coupling layer.
- the entire surface corresponding to the predetermined pattern is temporarily covered or shielded with a mask, and then the entire surface is etched. Then, the mask may be removed, or if possible, etching or the like may be performed according to a predetermined pattern by a direct drawing method.
- a mask a material generally used as a resist, a photomask, a metal mask, or the like may be appropriately selected and used according to an etching method.
- the pattern shape may be appropriately set according to the type of device to be stacked, and is not particularly limited.
- An example is as shown in FIG. 3.
- the good adhesion portion 10 is arranged only on the outer peripheral portion of the laminate, and the easily peelable portion 20 is arranged inside the laminate.
- FIG. 3 (2) a pattern in which the good adhesion portion 10 is linearly arranged inside the outer peripheral portion of the laminated body can be given.
- the deactivation treatment is preferably performed by at least one selected from the group consisting of blast treatment, vacuum plasma treatment, atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, corona treatment, actinic radiation irradiation treatment, active gas treatment and chemical treatment.
- the blast treatment refers to a treatment in which particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 1000 ⁇ m are sprayed onto an object together with gas or liquid. In the present invention, it is preferable to use blasting using particles having a small average particle diameter as much as possible.
- the vacuum plasma treatment refers to a treatment in which an object is exposed to plasma generated by discharge in a decompressed gas, or ions generated by the discharge collide with the object.
- the gas neon, argon, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon fluoride, carbon dioxide, hydrogen or the like alone or a mixed gas can be used.
- the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment is a treatment in which an object is exposed to plasma generated by a discharge generated in a gas that is generally in an atmospheric pressure atmosphere, or ions generated by the discharge collide with the object. say.
- As the gas neon, argon, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen or the like alone or a mixed gas can be used.
- the corona treatment refers to a treatment in which an object is exposed to a corona discharge atmosphere generated in a gas that is generally in an atmospheric pressure atmosphere, or ions generated by the discharge collide with the object.
- the actinic radiation irradiation treatment refers to treatment for irradiating radiation such as electron beam, alpha ray, X-ray, beta ray, infrared ray, visible ray, ultraviolet ray, laser beam irradiation treatment.
- a laser beam irradiation process it becomes easy to process especially by a direct drawing system. In this case, even a visible light laser has much larger energy than general visible light, and therefore can be treated as a kind of actinic radiation in the present invention.
- the active gas treatment is a gas having an activity that causes a chemical or physical change in the coupling treatment layer, such as halogen gas, hydrogen halide gas, ozone, high-concentration oxygen gas, ammonia, organic alkali, organic acid.
- This refers to a process of exposing an object to a gas.
- the chemical treatment refers to a liquid having an activity that causes a chemical or physical change in the coupling treatment layer, for example, a liquid such as an alkaline solution, an acid solution, a reducing agent solution, an oxidizing agent solution, or an object in the solution. The treatment to be exposed.
- the inactivation treatment a method combining actinic radiation and a mask, or a method combining an atmospheric pressure plasma treatment and a mask is preferably used.
- an ultraviolet irradiation treatment that is, a UV irradiation treatment is preferable from the viewpoints of economy and safety.
- UV irradiation treatment by selecting a support having UV transparency, the support is treated with a coupling agent, and then drawn directly from the surface opposite to the treated surface. Or UV irradiation can also be performed through a mask. From the above, in the present invention, it is preferable to perform inactivation treatment by UV irradiation, which will be described in detail below.
- the UV irradiation treatment in the present invention is a treatment in which a polyimide film and / or a support subjected to a coupling agent treatment is placed in an apparatus that generates ultraviolet rays (UV light) having a wavelength of 400 nm or less and UV irradiation is performed.
- UV light ultraviolet rays
- the UV light wavelength is preferably 260 nm or less, and more preferably 200 nm or less. Irradiation of such short-wavelength UV light in the presence of oxygen adds UV light energy to the sample (coupling layer) and generates active oxygen and ozone in an excited state near the sample.
- the inactivation treatment of the present invention can be performed more effectively.
- the method of controlling the absorption of UV light by controlling the amount of oxygen instead of the normal atmosphere the control of the UV light source, the gas flow between the coupling layers, etc. It is effective as a method for controlling the amount of ozone generated.
- the irradiation intensity of the UV light is preferably 5 mW / cm 2 or more when measured using an ultraviolet light meter having a sensitivity peak in a wavelength range of at least 150 nm to 400 nm, and 200 mW / cm 2 or less is used for preventing alteration of the support. This is desirable.
- the irradiation time of UV light is preferably 0.1 minutes or more and 30 minutes or less, more preferably 0.5 minutes or more, still more preferably 1 minute or more, particularly preferably 2 minutes or more, and more preferably 10 minutes or less. More preferably, it is 5 minutes or less, and particularly preferably 4 minutes or less.
- integrated light quantity is preferably 30mJ / cm 2 ⁇ 360000mJ / cm 2, more preferably 300mJ / cm 2 ⁇ 120000mJ / cm 2, more preferably from 600mJ / cm 2 ⁇ 60000mJ / cm 2.
- Pattern formation at the time of UV irradiation processing is performed by intentionally creating a portion that irradiates light and a portion that does not irradiate.
- a method of forming a pattern a method of making a portion that shields UV light and a portion that does not shield UV light, a method of scanning UV light, or the like can be given.
- it is effective to block the UV light and cover the support with a mask. It is also effective to scan with a parallel beam of a UV laser.
- the light source that can be used for the UV irradiation treatment is not particularly limited. , Ar laser, D2 lamp and the like.
- excimer lamps, low-pressure mercury lamps, Xe excimer lasers, ArF excimer lasers, KrF excimer lasers, and the like are preferable.
- the coupling treatment layer that has been subjected to the deactivation treatment has a good adhesion portion that is a portion where the peel strength between the support and the polyimide film is strong, depending on whether or not the deactivation (etching) is performed.
- a pattern composed of an easily peelable portion which is a portion where the peel strength between the body and the polyimide film is weak is formed.
- the UV non-irradiated part becomes a good adhesive part having a strong peel strength
- the peeling strength is weakened, and the UV irradiation part becomes an easy peeling part.
- the atomic percentage of nitrogen (N) element is lowered by UV irradiation, and subsequently carbon (C) is also reduced, so that the amino group and propyl are broken. It can be inferred from the suggestion.
- the part that has not been irradiated with UV becomes an easily peelable part.
- a good adhesion part is formed by irradiating light and breaking the propyl part. It is industrially advantageous to use glass as the substrate as the support. In this case, it is more practical to reduce the peel strength by UV irradiation, but depending on the application, the substrate used, and the required peel strength It is also conceivable that the UV light irradiated portion is a good adhesion portion.
- ⁇ Pressurized heat treatment> In the manufacturing method of the laminated body of this invention, after the said etching, the said support body and the said polyimide film are overlap
- a method of obtaining a laminate of a support and a polyimide film a method in which a polyimide varnish (polyamic acid solution described above) is directly applied on a support and imidized to form a film is also considered.
- the polyimide is formed into a film and then laminated on the support.
- a concentric film thickness distribution is easily formed, and the state of the front and back of the polyimide film (transfer of heat) This is because the film tends to be warped or lifted from the support due to the difference in the method, etc., whereas these problems can be avoided if the film is formed in advance.
- a device circuit or the like
- the pressure during the pressure heat treatment is preferably 1 MPa to 20 MPa, more preferably 3 MPa to 10 MPa. If the pressure is too high, the support may be damaged. If the pressure is too low, a non-adhered part may be produced, resulting in insufficient adhesion.
- the temperature during the pressure heat treatment is 150 ° C. to 400 ° C., more preferably 250 ° C. to 350 ° C. If the temperature is too high, the polyimide film may be damaged.
- the pressure heat treatment can be performed in the air, but it is preferably performed under vacuum in order to obtain a stable peel strength on the entire surface. At this time, the degree of vacuum by a normal oil rotary pump is sufficient, and about 10 Torr or less is sufficient.
- an apparatus that can be used for pressure heat treatment for example, “11FD” manufactured by Imoto Seisakusho can be used to perform pressing in a vacuum, and a roll-type film laminator in vacuum or a vacuum is used.
- “MVLP” manufactured by Meiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd. can be used to perform vacuum lamination such as a film laminator that applies pressure to the entire glass surface at once with a thin rubber film.
- the pressure heat treatment can be performed separately in a pressure process and a heating process.
- the polyimide film and the support are pressurized (preferably about 0.2 to 50 MPa) at a relatively low temperature (for example, a temperature of less than 120 ° C., more preferably 95 ° C. or less) to ensure adhesion between the two.
- a relatively low temperature for example, a temperature of less than 120 ° C., more preferably 95 ° C. or less
- a relatively high temperature at normal pressure for example, 120 ° C. or more, more preferably 120 to 250 ° C., further preferably 150 to 230 ° C.
- a polyimide film in the laminate or a hole portion that penetrates in the film thickness direction of the entire laminate is provided as necessary, thereby providing a non-polyimide portion. Also good.
- the part is not particularly limited, but is preferably filled with a metal whose main component is a metal such as Cu, Al, Ag, or Au, or formed by a mechanical drill or laser drilling. And a hole in which a metal film is formed on the wall surface of the hole by sputtering, electroless plating seed layer formation, or the like.
- the laminated body of the present invention is a laminated body in which a support and a polyimide film are laminated via a coupling treatment layer, and a good adhesion portion and an easy adhesion portion having different peel strengths between the support and the polyimide film.
- the good adhesion portion and the easy peel portion form a predetermined pattern.
- the good adhesion portion in the present invention refers to a portion where the peel strength between the support and the polyimide film is strong by changing the surface properties depending on the presence or absence of UV light irradiation.
- the easily peelable portion in the present invention refers to a portion where the peel strength between the substrate made of an inorganic material and the polyimide film is weak by changing the surface properties depending on the presence or absence of UV light irradiation.
- the 180-degree peel strength between the support and the polyimide film may be appropriately set according to the type and process of the device laminated thereon, and is not particularly limited.
- the 180-degree peel strength is preferably 1/2 or less, more preferably 1/5 or less of the 180-degree peel strength of the good adhesion portion.
- the 180 degree peel strength of the good adhesion portion is preferably 0.5 N / cm or more and 5 N / cm or less, more preferably 0.8 N / cm or more and 2 N / cm or less.
- the 180 degree peel strength of the easily peelable part is preferably 0.01 N / cm or more and 0.40 N / cm or less, more preferably 0.01 N / cm or more and 0.2 N / cm or less.
- the lower limit of the 180-degree peel strength of the easily peelable portion is a value that takes into account the bending energy of the polyimide film.
- 180 degree peel strength in this invention can be measured by the method mentioned later in an Example.
- the heat-resistant peel strength, acid peel strength, and alkali peel strength, which will be described later in the examples are preferably 0.5 N / cm or more and 5 N / cm or less, respectively. There can be.
- an adhesive layer or the like is not interposed between the support and the polyimide film as in the prior art, and, for example, 10 mass% or more of Si derived from the coupling agent is present. It contains only a lot. And since the coupling treatment layer, which is an intermediate layer between the support and the polyimide film, can be made very thin, there are few degassing components during heating, it is difficult to elute even in the wet process, and even if elution occurs, it will remain in a trace amount An effect is obtained. In addition, the coupling treatment layer usually has many heat-resistant silicon oxide components, and heat resistance at a temperature of about 400 ° C. can be obtained.
- the film thickness of the coupling treatment layer in the laminate of the present invention is extremely thin compared to the support, polyimide film or general adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive in the present invention, and is ignored from the viewpoint of mechanical design.
- a thickness of the order of a monomolecular layer is sufficient as a minimum. Generally, it is less than 400 nm (less than 0.4 ⁇ m), preferably 200 nm or less (0.2 ⁇ m or less), more practically 100 nm or less (0.1 ⁇ m or less), more preferably 50 nm or less, further preferably 10 nm or less. It is. For processes that desire as few coupling agents as possible, 5 nm or less is possible.
- the thickness is less than 1 nm, the peel strength may be reduced, or a portion that is not partially attached may appear, and therefore, 1 nm or more is preferable.
- the film thickness of the coupling treatment layer can be determined by ellipsometry or calculation from the concentration of the coupling agent solution at the time of coating and the coating amount.
- the method for producing a device structure of the present invention is a method for producing a structure in which a device is formed on a polyimide film as a substrate, using the laminate of the present invention having a support and a polyimide film. .
- the polyimide film in the easily peelable portion of the laminate is cut and the polyimide film is used as the support. Peel from.
- the method of cutting the polyimide film at the easy-release portion of the laminate includes a method of cutting the polyimide film with a blade, a method of cutting the polyimide film by relatively scanning the laser and the laminate, and water jet And a method of cutting the polyimide film by relatively scanning the laminate, a method of cutting the polyimide film while cutting slightly to the glass layer by a semiconductor chip dicing device, etc., but the method is not particularly limited Absent.
- the position where the cut is made only needs to include at least a part of the easily peelable portion, and is basically cut according to the pattern.
- an attempt is made to accurately cut according to the pattern at the boundary between the good adhesion portion and the easily peelable portion, an error also occurs. Therefore, it is preferable to cut slightly to the easily peelable portion side from the pattern in terms of increasing productivity.
- the width of the good adhesion portion is set narrow, the polyimide film remaining on the good adhesion portion at the time of peeling can be reduced, the use efficiency of the film is improved, and the device area relative to the laminate area is large. Thus, productivity is improved. Furthermore, an easy peeling part is provided in a part of the outer peripheral part of the laminated body, and the method of peeling off the outer peripheral part as a cutting position without actually making a cut is also an extreme form of the present invention.
- the method of peeling the polyimide film from the support is not particularly limited, but is a method of rolling from the end with tweezers, etc., and sticking an adhesive tape to one side of the cut portion of the polyimide film with a device, and then rolling from the tape portion.
- a method a method in which one side of a cut portion of a polyimide film with a device is vacuum-adsorbed and then wound from that portion can be employed.
- peeling if a bend with a small curvature occurs in the cut part of the polyimide film with the device, stress may be applied to the device in that part and the device may be destroyed. It is desirable to remove. For example, it is desirable to roll while winding on a roll having a large curvature, or to roll using a machine having a configuration in which the roll having a large curvature is located at the peeling portion.
- the reinforcing member can be fixed before the device structure (polyimide film with a device) of the present invention is a final product.
- the reinforcing member may be fixed after being peeled off from the support, but after fixing the reinforcing member, the polyimide film is cut off and peeled off from the support, or the polyimide film is cut into It is preferable that the reinforcing member is fixed to the cut portion and then peeled off.
- the reinforcing member is fixed before peeling, it is possible to make the device part less susceptible to stress by considering the elastic modulus and film thickness of the polyimide film and the reinforcing member.
- a polymer film, ultrathin glass, SUS or the like is preferably used as the reinforcing member.
- the polymer film has an advantage that the lightness of the device is maintained, and further includes transparency, various workability, and difficulty in cracking.
- Ultra-thin glass has the advantages of providing gas barrier properties, chemical stability, and transparency.
- SUS has the advantage that it can be shielded electrically and is difficult to break.
- these reinforcing members can be fixed by adhesion or adhesion.
- a method for forming a device on a polyimide film as a substrate may be appropriately performed according to a conventionally known method.
- the device in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include only electronic circuit wiring, electrical resistance, passive devices such as coils and capacitors, active devices including semiconductor elements, and electronic circuit systems that combine these devices. is there.
- the semiconductor element include a solar cell, a thin film transistor, a MEMS element, a sensor, and a logic circuit.
- a film-like solar cell using the laminate of the present invention has the laminate X of the laminate of the present invention as a substrate, and a laminate X including a photoelectric conversion layer made of a semiconductor is formed on the substrate.
- This laminated body X has a photoelectric conversion layer that converts sunlight energy into electric energy as an essential component, and usually further includes an electrode layer for taking out the obtained electric energy.
- a laminated structure in which a photoelectric conversion layer is sandwiched between a pair of electrode layers will be described as a typical example of the laminate X formed to constitute a film-like solar cell.
- a structure in which several photoelectric conversion layers are stacked can be said to be a solar cell of the present invention if it is produced by PVD or CVD.
- the laminated structure of the laminated body X is not limited to the embodiment described below, and the structure of the laminated body of the solar cell of the prior art may be appropriately referred to, and a protective layer or a known auxiliary means may be added. It ’s good.
- One electrode layer (hereinafter also referred to as a back electrode layer) of the pair of electrode layers is preferably formed on one main surface of the polyimide film substrate.
- the back electrode layer can be obtained by laminating a conductive inorganic material by a conventionally known method, for example, a CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method or a sputtering method.
- conductive inorganic materials include metal thin films such as Al, Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, and stainless steel, In 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , ZnO, Cd 2 SnO 4 , ITO (adding Sn to In 2 O 3 Oxide semiconductor-based conductive materials and the like.
- the back electrode layer is a metal thin film.
- the thickness of the back electrode layer is not particularly limited, and is usually about 30 to 1000 nm.
- a film forming method that does not use a vacuum such as Ag paste may be adopted for a part of electrode extraction.
- the photoelectric conversion layer for converting the energy of sunlight into electrical energy is a layer made of a semiconductor, CuInSe 2 which is a compound semiconductor thin film (chalcopyrite structure semiconductor thin film) made of a group I element, a group III element, and a group VI element.
- a (CIS) film, or a Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 (CIGS) film in which Ga is dissolved in the same are collectively referred to as a CIS film) and a silicon semiconductor layer.
- the silicon-based semiconductor include a thin film silicon layer, an amorphous silicon layer, and a polycrystalline silicon layer.
- the photoelectric conversion layer may be a laminate having a plurality of layers made of different semiconductors. Moreover, the photoelectric converting layer using a pigment
- the thin film silicon layer is a silicon layer obtained by a plasma CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a sputtering method, a cluster ion beam method, a vapor deposition method, or the like.
- the amorphous silicon layer is a layer made of silicon having substantially no crystallinity. The lack of crystallinity can be confirmed by not giving a diffraction peak even when irradiated with X-rays.
- Means for obtaining an amorphous silicon layer are known, and examples of such means include a plasma CVD method and a thermal CVD method.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer is a layer made of an aggregate of microcrystals made of silicon.
- the above amorphous silicon layer is distinguished by giving a diffraction peak by irradiation with X-rays.
- Means for obtaining a polycrystalline silicon layer are known, and such means include means for heat-treating amorphous silicon.
- the photoelectric conversion layer is not limited to a silicon-based semiconductor layer, and may be, for example, a thick film semiconductor layer.
- the thick film semiconductor layer is a semiconductor layer formed from a paste of titanium oxide, zinc oxide, copper iodide or the like.
- an a-Si (n layer) of about 20 nm is formed by performing high-frequency plasma discharge in a gas obtained by adding phosphine (PH 3 ) to SiH 4 at a temperature of 200 to 500 ° C., followed by SiH 4
- a-Si (i layer) of about 500 nm can be formed using only gas, and then diborane (B 2 H 6 ) can be added to SiH 4 to form a p-Si (p layer) of about 10 nm.
- an electrode layer (hereinafter also referred to as a current collecting electrode layer) provided on the side opposite to the polyimide film substrate is formed by consolidating a conductive paste containing a conductive filler and a binder resin.
- the electrode layer may be a transparent electrode layer.
- an oxide semiconductor material such as In 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , ZnO, Cd 2 SnO 4 , ITO (In 2 O 3 added with Sn) can be preferably used.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a film-like solar cell in which transparent electrode / p-type a-Si / i-type a-Si / n-type a-Si / metal electrode / polyimide film are laminated in this order.
- the p layer may be a-Si
- the n layer may be polycrystalline silicon
- a thin undoped a-Si layer may be inserted between them.
- an antireflection layer, a surface protective layer, or the like may be added in addition to the above structure.
- the thin film transistor means a semiconductor layer that constitutes a transistor and an insulating film, an electrode, a protective insulating film, etc. that constitute an element, which are produced by depositing a thin film. It is usually distinguished from silicon wafers that use silicon as the semiconductor layer. Usually, a thin film is produced by a technique using a vacuum such as PVD (physical vapor deposition) such as vacuum vapor deposition or CVD (chemical vapor deposition) such as plasma CVD. For this reason, what is not a single crystal like a silicon wafer is included. Even if Si is used, microcrystalline silicon TFT, high-temperature polysilicon TFT, low-temperature polysilicon TFT, oxide semiconductor TFT, organic semiconductor TFT, and the like are included.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- the MEMS element means an element manufactured using MEMS technology, and includes an inkjet printer head, a probe for a scanning probe microscope, a contactor for an LSI prober, an optical spatial modulator for maskless exposure, an optical integrated element, an infrared ray Includes video projectors using sensors, flow sensors, acceleration sensors, MEMS gyro sensors, RF MEMS switches, internal and external blood pressure sensors, grating light valves, and digital micromirror devices.
- the sensors include strain gauges, load cells, semiconductor pressure sensors, optical sensors, photoelectric elements, photodiodes, magnetic sensors, contact temperature sensors, thermistor temperature sensors, resistance thermometer temperature sensors, thermocouple temperature sensors.
- the logic circuit includes a logic circuit based on NAND and OR and a circuit synchronized by a clock.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a method for producing a laminate according to the present invention, in which (1) shows a glass substrate 1 and (2) shows that a coupling agent is applied on the glass substrate 1 and dried. (3) shows the stage of irradiating the UV light after the UV light blocking mask 3 is installed, and (4) shows the stage of irradiating the UV light blocking mask 3 after irradiating the UV light. The removed stage is shown.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the method for producing a device structure of the present invention, where (1) shows a glass substrate 1 and (2) shows a coating agent coated on the glass substrate 1 and dried. (3) shows a stage in which the UV light blocking mask 3 is installed and then irradiated with UV light, and (4) shows a stage in which the UV light blocking mask 3 is irradiated with UV light.
- the stage which removed is shown.
- the UV exposure part is the UV irradiation part 5
- the remaining part is the UV non-irradiation part 4.
- (5) shows a stage in which the polyimide film 6 is pasted, and then the device 8 is produced on the surface of the polyimide film 7 on the UV irradiation part. The stage which peeled from the board
- ⁇ Thickness of polyimide film> The thickness of each of the polyimide film and each layer (a layer, b layer) constituting the polyimide film was measured using a micrometer (“Millitron 1245D” manufactured by Fine Reef).
- ⁇ Tension modulus, tensile strength and tensile elongation at break of polyimide film From the polyimide film to be measured, strip-shaped test pieces each having a flow direction (MD direction) and a width direction (TD direction) of 100 mm ⁇ 10 mm were cut out, and a tensile tester (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation “Autograph (R); Using model name AG-5000A "), tensile modulus, tensile strength and tensile elongation at break were measured in each of MD and TD directions under conditions of a tensile speed of 50 mm / min and a distance between chucks of 40 mm.
- MD direction flow direction
- TD direction width direction
- the film test pieces (a) to (c) were left to be concave on the plane, and the distances from the four corner planes (h1, h2, h3, h4: unit mm) were measured, and the average The value was the amount of warpage (mm).
- the crater has a shape in which the center of the convex portion raised from the flat portion is depressed. Therefore, the diameter of the cross section (the distance between the maximum heights) at the position of the maximum height of the swell was defined as the diameter of the crater part ((1) in FIG. It is the figure (the position where white is high, the position where black is low), (2) is a cross-sectional display example of the unevenness of the polyimide film of the white line part of (1), (3) shows the diameter of a crater part. ). And it measured about arbitrary three crater parts, the diameter of the crater part was calculated
- the number of craters was measured by analyzing the obtained 10 ⁇ m square measurement image (AFM image) with image processing software “ImageJ”.
- “ImageJ” is an open source public domain image processing software developed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Specifically, first, a binarization operation is performed in which a certain threshold value is used to separate a higher portion and a lower portion (see (2) and (3) in FIG. 8). At this time, as a threshold value, a position that is 12% higher than the particle size of the lubricant used from the maximum point of the distribution with respect to the information in the height direction of the AFM image (a position that is 10 nm higher when the diameter of the lubricant is 80 nm). A threshold was used.
- Ra value of polyimide film surface was measured using a scanning probe microscope with a surface physical property evaluation function (“SPA300 / nanoavi” manufactured by SII Nanotechnology Inc.). Measurement is performed in DFM mode, the cantilever is “DF3” or “DF20” manufactured by SII Nanotechnology, the scanner is “FS-20A” manufactured by SII Nanotechnology, and the scanning range is The measurement resolution was 512 ⁇ 512 pixels. After correcting the quadratic tilt for the measurement image with the software attached to the apparatus, if noise associated with the measurement is included, other flattening processing (for example, flat processing) is used as appropriate. The value was calculated. Measurement was performed at arbitrary three locations to obtain Ra values, and the average value thereof was adopted.
- SPA300 / nanoavi manufactured by SII Nanotechnology Inc.
- the glass transition temperature of the polyimide film was determined from the presence or absence of heat absorption / release due to structural changes in the range from room temperature to 500 ° C. No glass transition temperature was observed in any of the polyimide films.
- the thickness (nm) of the coupling treatment layer (SC layer) was determined by measuring the thickness of the coupling treatment layer formed on the cleaned Si wafer by an ellipsometry method using a spectroscopic ellipsometer ("FE-5000" manufactured by Photoal). ) Using the following conditions.
- FE-5000 spectroscopic ellipsometer
- Reflection angle range 45 ° to 80 ° Wavelength range: 250 nm to 800 nm Wavelength resolution: 1.25 nm Spot diameter: 1mm tan ⁇ ; Measurement accuracy ⁇ 0.01 cos ⁇ ; Measurement accuracy ⁇ 0.01 Measurement: Method Rotating analyzer method Deflector angle: 45 ° Incident angle: Fixed at 70 ° Analyzer: 0-360 ° in 11.25 ° increments Wavelength: 250 nm to 800 nm The film thickness was calculated by fitting by a non-linear least square method.
- the wavelength dependence C1 to C6 was obtained by the following formula.
- peel strength of UV non-irradiated part For measuring the peel strength of the UV non-irradiated part, a laminate produced separately in the same manner as in each of the examples and comparative examples was used except that UV irradiation was not performed.
- Peeling strength of UV irradiated part The peeling strength of the UV irradiated part was measured on the UV irradiated part of the laminate subjected to UV irradiation.
- Acid peel strength The acid peel strength was measured by immersing the laminate (laminated with UV irradiation) in an 18% by mass hydrochloric acid solution at room temperature (23 ° C) for 30 minutes and washing with water three times. And then using a sample obtained by air drying.
- Alkali resistance peel strength Measurement of the alkali resistance peel strength was performed by using a 2.38 mass% tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) aqueous solution (room temperature (23 ° C.)) for the laminate (laminated body subjected to UV irradiation). For 30 minutes, washed with water three times and then air-dried.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- ⁇ Lubricant particle size> The particle size distribution of the lubricant (inorganic particles) used in the production example was measured using a laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer “LB-500” manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd. in a state of dispersion in a solvent (dimethylacetamide). The volume average particle size was calculated.
- ⁇ Surface composition ratio> The surface composition ratio was measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA). The measurement was performed under the following conditions using “ESCA5801MC” manufactured by ULVAC-PHI. In the measurement, first, all elements were scanned to confirm the presence or absence of other elements, and then the abundance ratio was measured by performing a narrow scan of the existing elements. Note that the sample to be used for measurement is put into the measurement chamber after sufficient preliminary evacuation, and the operation of scraping the sample surface before measurement by ion irradiation or the like is not performed.
- ESCA5801MC manufactured by ULVAC-PHI
- Excitation X-ray Mg, K ⁇ -ray Photoelectron escape angle: 45 ° Analysis diameter: ⁇ 800 ⁇ m Pass energy: 29.35 eV (narrow scan), 187.75 eV (all element scan) Step: 0.125 eV (narrow scan), 1.6 eV (all element scan) Analytical elements: C, O, N, Si, all elements Vacuum degree: 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 Torr or less
- ⁇ Film Production Example 1 The polyamic acid solution A1 was placed on the non-slip material surface of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (“A-4100” manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) as a film forming support in Table 4, “(b layer) thickness”. After coating with a comma coater so as to have a dry film thickness shown as follows, and drying at 110 ° C. for 5 minutes, a single-layer polyamic acid film was wound up together with the PET film (without peeling from the PET film).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- a single-layer polyamic acid film wound with a PET film as a film-forming support is attached to the unwinding portion of the film-forming machine, and the polyamic acid solution A2 is shown as “(a layer) thickness” in Table 4
- a single layer polyamic acid film surface is coated with a comma coater so as to be thick, dried at 110 ° C. for 20 minutes, and a multilayer polyamic acid film having a two-layer structure is formed on the PET film of the film forming support. Obtained.
- the obtained multilayer polyamic acid film having a two-layer structure is peeled off from the PET film as the film-forming support, passed through a pin tenter having three heat treatment zones, and the first stage 150 ° C. ⁇ 2 minutes, the second stage 220 ° C. Heat treatment was performed for 2 minutes and the third stage at 475 ° C. for 4 minutes, and slit to 500 mm width to obtain a polyimide film 1 having a multilayer structure.
- a PET film (protective film A) provided with a slightly adhesive layer on one side is laminated on the a layer side (polyamic acid solution A2 side in this embodiment) and then wound. I took it.
- Table 4 shows the properties of the obtained polyimide film.
- the protective film A is attached for the purpose of preventing foreign matter adhesion or scratches on the film surface. When transported by roll-to-roll at a relatively low temperature, it is handled manually. When performing, the protective film A operated in the state which stuck. However, for example, when pressing or laminating under conditions exceeding 130 ° C., or when performing each treatment on the surface to which the protective film A is attached, each operation was performed after the protective film A was removed. .
- a polyimide film 2 was obtained in the same manner as in the film production example 1 except that the coating amounts of the polyamic acid solutions A1 and A2 were changed so as to obtain the dry film thicknesses shown in Table 4, respectively.
- Table 4 shows the properties of the obtained polyimide film.
- ⁇ Film Production Example 3 The order of application of the polyamic acid solutions A1 and A2 is changed (that is, the b layer is formed of the polyamic acid solution A2 and the a layer is formed of the polyamic acid solution A1), and the application amounts of the polyamic acid solutions A1 and A2 are respectively determined. Except having changed so that it might become a dry film thickness shown in Table 4, it carried out similarly to the film preparation example 1, and obtained the polyimide film 3. Table 4 shows the properties of the obtained polyimide film.
- a polyimide film 4 was obtained in the same manner as in the film production example 1 except that the coating amounts of the polyamic acid solutions A1 and A2 were changed to the dry film thicknesses shown in Table 4, respectively.
- Table 4 shows the properties of the obtained polyimide film.
- ⁇ Film Production Example 9 >> The polyamic acid solution A1 is changed to D, the polyamic acid solution A2 is not applied (that is, the a layer is not formed), and the applied amount of the polyamic acid solution D is changed to the dry film thickness shown in Table 5. Further, a polyimide film 9 was obtained in the same manner as in Film Production Example 1 except that the temperature in the third heat treatment was 280 ° C. Table 5 shows the properties of the obtained polyimide film.
- Films 10 and 11 A commercially available “Kapton (registered trademark) 100H” manufactured by Toray DuPont was used as the film 10, and a commercially available “UPILEX (registered trademark) 25S” manufactured by Ube Industries was used as the film 11.
- the films 1 to 4 were subjected to vacuum plasma treatment on the polyimide side (layer side formed with the polyamic acid solution A2) of each polyimide film that did not contain a lubricant.
- vacuum plasma processing RIE mode using parallel plate type electrodes and RF plasma processing are adopted, O 2 gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, high frequency power of 13.56 MHz is introduced, and processing time is increased. Was 3 minutes.
- Table 6 shows the properties of the obtained polyimide films after the treatment.
- the acid treatment HF process
- a polyimide film cut out in a 70 mm ⁇ 70 mm ( ⁇ 70 mm) pattern is placed as a mask on the coupling treatment layer surface of the support provided with the coupling treatment layer obtained above, and the periphery of the laminate is 15 mm apart.
- UV irradiation treatment was performed within a range of 70 mm ⁇ 70 mm ( ⁇ 70 mm).
- a UV / O 3 cleaning and reforming apparatus (“SKB1102N-01”) manufactured by Run Technical Service Co., Ltd. and a UV lamp (“SE-1103G05”) were used, and about 3 cm away from the UV lamp. 4 minutes from the distance.
- UV irradiation At the time of irradiation, no special gas was put in the UV / O 3 cleaning and reforming apparatus, and UV irradiation was performed in an air atmosphere and at room temperature.
- the UV lamp emits an emission line with a wavelength of 185 nm (short wavelength capable of generating ozone for promoting inactivation treatment) and a wavelength of 254 nm.
- the illuminance is about 20 mW / cm 2 (illuminance meter (“ORC UV ⁇ M03AUV ”) at a wavelength of 254 nm.
- the coupling agent-treated / UV-irradiated surface of the support after the UV irradiation treatment and each treated surface of the polyimide film after the treatment obtained in Film Processing Examples 1 to 4 (polyamides in Examples 1 to 4).
- the layer is formed so as to face the surface formed by the acid solution A2, and the pressure is reduced to 10 +2 Pa or less with a rotary pump, and vacuum pressing is performed at 300 ° C. and a pressure of 10 MPa for 10 minutes.
- a heat treatment was performed to obtain a laminate of the present invention. Table 9 shows the evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- the coupling agent-treated surface of the support provided with the coupling treatment layer obtained above, and each treated surface of the polyimide film after treatment obtained in Film Processing Examples 1 to 4 (Examples 1 to 4). 4 is laminated so that it faces the layer side surface formed with the polyamic acid solution A2, and is subjected to pressure heat treatment by a vacuum press similar to the above to produce a sample for measuring the peel strength of the UV non-irradiated part. did.
- Example 5 A laminate of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, except that a silicon wafer (Si wafer) having a thickness of 0.725 ⁇ m was used as the support (substrate) made of an inorganic substance. Table 9 shows the evaluation results of the obtained laminate. In addition, also about each Example other than this Example 2, it carried out similarly except using a silicon wafer instead of glass as a support body which consists of an inorganic substance, and obtained the laminated body, but the evaluation result of the obtained laminated body Each was almost the same as when the glass was used as the support.
- Examples 6 to 15 Using the treated polyimide film obtained in Treatment Examples 5 to 14 as the polyimide film after film treatment to be superimposed on the support, the coupling agent treated surface of the coupling agent treated glass and each treatment of the treated polyimide film A laminated body of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the layers were superposed so as to face each other. Tables 10 and 11 show the evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 16 to 17 Example 2 or Example 10 except that the pressure heat treatment was performed by performing roll lamination at 150 ° C. and then pressing in air at 300 ° C. and a pressure of 8 MPa for 20 minutes.
- the laminated body of this invention was obtained.
- Table 12 shows the evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 18 to 20 In a dry oven at 200 ° C. after pressurizing and heat-treating by roll lamination at a roll pressure (linear pressure) of 20 N / cm at 100 ° C. (effective pressurization width of 5 mm and an estimated effective pressure of about 0.4 MPa).
- a laminate of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, Example 9 or Example 10 except that the heating was performed at normal pressure for 1 hour.
- Table 12 shows the evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 21 Using an automatic coating spin coater “MSC800-C-AD type” manufactured by Japan Create Co., Ltd., n-propyltriethoxy on a glass plate (“Corning EAGLE XG” manufactured by Corning: 370 ⁇ 470 mm ⁇ 0.7 mm thickness) Apply a 0.5 mass% isopropanol solution of silane, shake the solution at 2000 rpm, stop the rotation, and place the taken glass plate in a 120 ° C. dry oven substituted with dry nitrogen for 15 minutes. A ring agent treatment was performed to form a silane coupling treatment layer having a thickness of 40 nm.
- a stainless steel metal mask (having a pattern in which rectangular openings of 68 mm ⁇ 110 mm are arranged in an array through a 5 mm wide shielding part) Then, it was confirmed that there was no gap between the metal mask and the glass plate, and UV irradiation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the processed film obtained in the film processing example 9 is cut into 350 mm ⁇ 450 mm, and this is combined with a glass plate and a roll laminator made by MCK so that the film processing surface and the processing surface of the glass plate face each other.
- Example 22 A laminated board of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the inactivation treatment was changed to the following atmospheric pressure plasma treatment.
- the time during which the glass plate was exposed to plasma was approximately 60 seconds. Table 13 shows the evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 23 A laminated board of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the inactivation treatment was changed to the following corona treatment.
- the corona treatment was carried out at 40 w / m 2 for 3 minutes in the atmosphere using a conveyor type treatment device manufactured by Kasuga Electric. Table 13 shows the evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 24 the laminated board of this invention was obtained like Example 22 except having changed the used polyimide film into the film obtained by the film processing example 14.
- FIG. Table 13 shows the evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 25 the laminated board of this invention was obtained like Example 23 except having changed the used polyimide film into the film obtained in the film processing example 14.
- FIG. Table 13 shows the evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 26 Using the laminate obtained in Example 1, thin film transistor array fabrication using low-temperature polysilicon on the laminate film was simulated. Using a predetermined test pattern, a silicon oxide layer formed by a reactive sputtering method as a planarizing and gas barrier layer, a tantalum layer formed by a sputtering method as a source and drain electrode layer, a barrier metal layer, and a CVD as a semiconductor layer An amorphous silicon layer formed by the method was laminated. Next, the silicon layer was micropolycrystallized by annealing at 400 ° C. for 75 minutes, and then a SiN layer as a gate insulating layer and aluminum as a gate electrode layer were stacked.
- Each layer was patterned by masking or photolithography according to a predetermined test pattern to form a simulated device: thin film transistor array.
- the device part was formed in the UV irradiation part (opening part of the mask) during the inactivation process.
- the laminate was exposed to a resist solution, a developing solution, an etching solution, and a stripping solution used in a photolithographic method under a vacuum atmosphere and a high temperature, but the polyimide layer was not peeled off from the glass layer. Suitability was good.
- a device is formed by cutting the polyimide film at the boundary between the UV non-irradiated part (mask shielding part) and the UV irradiated part (mask opening part).
- the edge was slightly raised with a thin blade, and it was possible to peel immediately by pushing the interface between the film and glass so as to penetrate the blade surface of the blade.
- the angle between the glass and the film during peeling was about 15 to 20 degrees.
- it tried to peel similarly about the 5 mm width part which was shielded it was difficult to peel so that a polyimide film might not be torn.
- Example 4 A comparative laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 or 10 except that the support was not treated with a coupling agent.
- Table 14 shows the evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- “impossible to measure” refers to the case where the polyimide film is peeled off during processing or measurement.
- Example 6-7 A comparative laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 or 10 except that the UV irradiation treatment was not performed.
- Table 15 shows the evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- “impossible to measure” refers to the case where the polyimide film is peeled off during processing or measurement. For this laminate, a cut was made in the polyimide film, and the film was peeled off from the support. However, the film could not be peeled off successfully, and the film was torn if it was forcibly removed.
- a glass coating (“Corning EAGLE XG” manufactured by Corning; 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 0.7 mm thickness) was placed on a spin coater with a protective film made of a circular PET film having a diameter of 80 mm attached to the spin coater.
- the same silane coupling agent was dropped onto the center of rotation and rotated at 500 rpm, and then rotated at 2000 rpm so that the entire surface of the support was wetted, and then dried. This was heated for 1 minute on a hot plate heated to 110 ° C. placed in a clean bench, and then the protective film was peeled off to obtain a glass substrate coated only with the silane coupling agent.
- the treated surface of the polyimide film after the treatment obtained in the film treatment example 1 is overlaid on the silane coupling agent-coated surface, and the degree of vacuum is 10 +2 Pa or less with a rotary pump at a pressure of 10 MPa at 300 ° C.
- a pressure heat treatment was performed by vacuum pressing for 10 minutes to obtain a comparative laminate.
- UV irradiation is not performed.
- the adhesive strength of the silane coupling agent-treated part of the obtained laminate was 2.1 N / cm, which is equivalent to the UV-irradiated part of Example 1.
- the uncoated portion of the silane coupling agent at the center of the glass substrate was not adhered at all.
- a target of 1 nm is obtained by a DC magnetron sputtering method in an argon atmosphere using a nickel-chromium (chromium 10 mass%) alloy target.
- a nickel-chromium alloy film (underlayer) having a thickness of 11 nm was formed at a rate of / sec.
- the back surface of the sputtering surface of the substrate is brought into contact with the SUS plate of the substrate holder in which a coolant whose temperature is controlled at 3 ° C.
- the laminated board with a base metal thin film formation film was obtained from each film.
- the thicknesses of the copper and NiCr layers were confirmed by the fluorescent X-ray method.
- a laminated board with a base metal thin film forming film from each film is fixed to a Cu frame, and an electroplating solution (copper sulfate 80 g / l, sulfuric acid 210 g / l, HCl, gloss, using a copper sulfate plating bath).
- An electroplating solution copper sulfate 80 g / l, sulfuric acid 210 g / l, HCl, gloss, using a copper sulfate plating bath.
- a thick copper plating layer (thickening layer) having a thickness of 4 ⁇ m was formed by immersing in a small amount of the agent and flowing 1.5 Adm 2 of electricity. Then, it heat-processed for 10 minutes at 120 degreeC, and it dried, and obtained the metallized polyimide film and the support body laminated body.
- annealing treatment was performed at 125 ° C. for 1 hour. Then, the formed pattern was observed with an optical microscope, and the presence or absence of drool, pattern residue, pattern peeling, etc. was evaluated.
- the laminate in which the peeling strength between the support and the polyimide film is appropriately adjusted by the production method of the present invention can withstand each process such as metallization, and the subsequent pattern It was confirmed that a good pattern could be formed in the production.
- the laminate obtained by the production method of the present invention can be easily peeled from the support by cutting out the polyimide film at the easily peelable portion when the devices are laminated. Moreover, these laminates can withstand a process such as metallization, and a good pattern can be obtained in subsequent pattern fabrication. Therefore, the laminate of the present invention can be used effectively in the production process of a device structure on an ultra-thin polyimide film, on an ultra-thin polymer film excellent in insulation, heat resistance, and dimensional stability. Circuits and devices can be formed with high accuracy.
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Abstract
Description
なお、UV照射によって高分子フィルム同士を接着することは知られており、このときにカップリング剤を使うことが有効であることは開示されている(特許文献6)。しかし、この技術は、あくまで高分子フィルム同士の接着に関することであり、UV光照射によりカップリング剤自体の接着剥離力の制御を行ったものではない。
1)少なくとも支持体とポリイミドフィルムとから構成されてなる積層体の製造方法であって、前記ポリイミドフィルムとして、少なくとも前記支持体に対向させる面にプラズマ処理が施されたフィルムを用い、前記支持体と前記ポリイミドフィルムとが対向する面の少なくとも一方にカップリング剤処理を施してカップリング処理層を形成し、次いでカップリング処理層の一部に不活性化処理を施して所定のパターンを形成した後、前記支持体と前記ポリイミドフィルムとを重ね合わせて加圧加熱処理することを特徴とする積層体の製造方法。
2)前記不活性化処理として、ブラスト処理、真空プラズマ処理、大気圧プラズマ処理、コロナ処理、活性放射線照射処理、活性ガス処理および薬液処理からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を行う前記1)に記載の積層体の製造方法。
3)前記不活性化処理として、少なくともUV照射処理を行う前記2)に記載の積層体の製造方法。
4)前記加圧加熱処理はロールを用いて行う前記1)~3)のいずれかに記載の積層体の製造方法。
5)前記加圧加熱処理は真空下で行う前記1)~4)のいずれかに記載の積層体の製造方法。
6)前記加圧加熱処理は加圧プロセスと加熱プロセスとに分離して行い、120℃未満の温度で加圧した後に、低圧もしくは常圧にて120℃以上の温度で加熱する前記1)~5)のいずれかに記載の積層体の製造方法。
7)前記ポリイミドフィルムとして、前記プラズマ処理の後に酸処理を施したフィルムを用いる前記1)~6)のいずれかに記載の積層体の製造方法。
8)前記ポリイミドフィルムとして、ベンゾオキサゾール構造を有する芳香族ジアミンを含むジアミン類とテトラカルボン酸類との反応によって得られるフィルムを用いる前記1)~7)のいずれかに記載の積層体の製造方法。
10)前記易剥離部分における支持体とポリイミドフィルムとの間の180度剥離強度が、前記良好接着部分における支持体とポリイミドフィルムとの間の180度剥離強度の1/2以下である前記9)に記載の積層体。
11)前記ポリイミドフィルムは、ベンゾオキサゾール構造を有する芳香族ジアミンを含むジアミン類とテトラカルボン酸類との反応によって得られるフィルムである前記9)または10)に記載の積層体。
本発明によれば、絶縁性で可撓性、耐熱性を兼ね備えた薄いポリイミドフィルムに回路などを形成できる。さらに電子部品を搭載して電子デバイスを作製する時に、薄いポリイミドフィルムであっても、寸法安定性に優れた支持体に積層され固定されていることで精密な位置決めができ、多層に薄膜作製、回路形成など行なうことができる。しかも本発明の積層体は、プロセス中には熱が加わっても剥がれず、デバイス作製後に必要に応じてこの支持体から剥がす際にも、ポリイミドフィルムと支持体との剥離がスムースに実施できる。さらに本発明の積層体は、プロセス通過過程において剥離することのない剥離強度を有する積層体であるため、従来の電子デバイス作製プロセスをそのまま使うことが可能である。特に、ポリイミドフィルム上にデバイスを作製するに際しては、ポリイミドフィルムの表面特性から、密着性に優れ、平滑性にも優れるので、安定的に精度よくデバイス作製を実施することができる。このように、本発明の積層体は、絶縁性で可撓性、耐熱性を兼ね備えた、薄いポリイミドフィルムに回路などを形成した電子デバイス作製などに極めて有意義である。
本発明の積層体の製造方法は、少なくとも支持体とポリイミドフィルムとを用いて、これらから構成される積層体を製造する方法である。
本発明における支持体は、無機物からなり基板として用いることのできる板状のものであればよく、例えば、ガラス板、セラミック板、シリコンウエハ、金属等を主体としているもの、および、これらガラス板、セラミック板、シリコンウエハ、金属の複合体として、これらを積層したもの、これらが分散されているもの、これらの繊維が含有されているものなどが挙げられる。
一般にポリイミドフィルムは、溶媒中でジアミン類とテトラカルボン酸類とを少なくとも反応させて得られるポリアミド酸溶液(「ポリイミド前駆体溶液」ともいう)を、ポリイミドフィルム作製用支持体に塗布、乾燥してグリーンフィルム(「前駆体フィルム」または「ポリアミド酸フィルム」ともいう)となし、さらにポリイミドフィルム作製用支持体上で、あるいは該支持体から剥がした状態でグリーンフィルムを高温熱処理して脱水閉環反応を行わせることによって得られる。なお、ここで言うポリイミドフィルム作製用支持体は、本発明の積層体の構成部材として上述した「支持体」とは異なる。
ジアミン類がベンゾオキサゾール構造を有する芳香族ジアミンを含有する場合、その使用量は全ジアミン類の70モル%以上とすることが好ましく、75モル%以上とすることがより好ましい。
その他のジアミンを用いる場合、その使用量は全ジアミン類の30モル%以下とすることが好ましく、25モル%以下とすることがより好ましい。
脂環族テトラカルボン酸無水物としては、例えば、シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,2,4,5-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ビシクロヘキシルテトラカルボン酸二無水物等が挙げられる。
A.ピロメリット酸残基を有する芳香族テトラカルボン酸と、ベンゾオキサゾール構造を有する芳香族ジアミンとの組み合わせ。
B.フェニレンジアミン骨格を有する芳香族ジアミンと、ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸骨格を有する芳香族テトラカルボン酸との組み合わせ。
またポリアミド酸は、上述したジアミン類およびテトラカルボン酸類のほかに、例えばシクロヘキサン-1,2,4-トリカルボン酸無水物等のトリカルボン酸類を含んで構成されていてもよい。
前記滑材(粒子)とは、無機物からなる微粒子であり、金属、金属酸化物、金属窒化物、金属炭素化物、金属酸塩、リン酸塩、炭酸塩、タルク、マイカ、クレイ、その他粘土鉱物、等からなる粒子を用いることができる。好ましくは、酸化珪素、リン酸カルシウム、リン酸水素カルシウム、リン酸二水素カルシウム、ピロリン酸カルシウム、ヒドロキシアパタイト、炭酸カルシウム、ガラスフィラーなどの金属酸化物、リン酸塩、炭酸塩を用いることができる。滑材は1種のみであってもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。
多層ポリイミドフィルムの多層化(積層)方法は、両層の密着に問題が生じなければ、特に限定されるものではなく、かつ接着剤層などを介することなく密着するものであればよい。例えば、i)一方のポリイミドフィルムを作製後、このポリイミドフィルム上に他方のポリアミド酸溶液を連続的に塗布してイミド化する方法、ii)一方のポリアミド酸溶液を流延しポリアミド酸フィルムを作製後このポリアミド酸フィルム上に他方のポリアミド酸溶液を連続的に塗布した後、イミド化する方法、iii)共押し出しによる方法、iv)滑材を含有しないか又はその含有量が少量であるポリアミド酸溶液で形成したフィルムの上に、滑材を多く含有するポリアミド酸溶液をスプレーコート、Tダイ塗工などで塗布してイミド化する方法などが挙げられる。好ましくは、上記i)や上記ii)の方法がよい。
このクレーターは、プラズマ処理によってポリイミドフィルム表面から露出した滑材が酸によって溶出された残部と考えられ、単なる凹みではなく、その縁部が盛り上がった状態の窪みである。参考として、図4に、クレーター部を示すAFM像を、図5に、図4に示すクレーター部の直線部分における断面像を、図6に、クレーター部を含むAFM像(10μm四方)を示す。クレーターの縁部分は、中に滑材粒子が内包された状態の突起に比較して柔らかく、ポリイミドフィルムと支持体とを加圧密着させる際に比較的弱い力で変形する。滑材を内包した突起は変形しがたく、ポリイミドフィルムと支持体との密着を阻害するが、滑材部分をこのようなクレーター様の形状にすることにより、ポリイミドフィルムと支持体との密着性が高まり、ポリイミドフィルムと支持体との剥離強度をより向上させることができる。
薬液中の酸濃度は、20質量%以下が好ましく、より好ましくは3~10質量%である。薬液中の酸濃度が薄すぎるとエッチング時間がかかり生産性が落ち、濃すぎるとエッチング時間が早すぎて必要以上に薬液に曝すことになる。
本発明の積層体の製造方法においては、前記支持体と前記ポリイミドフィルムとが対向する面の少なくとも一方にカップリング剤処理を施してカップリング処理層を形成する。本発明においてカップリング剤とは、支持体とポリイミドフィルムとの間に物理的ないし化学的に介在し、両者間の接着力を高める作用を有する化合物を意味し、一般的にはシラン系カップリング剤、リン系カップリング剤、チタネート系カップリング剤等として知られている化合物を含む。
本発明の積層体の製造方法においては、前記カップリング剤処理に次いで、エッチングによりカップリング処理層の一部を不活性化処理して所定のパターンを形成する。これにより、支持体とポリイミドフィルムの間の剥離強度が強い部分と弱い部分を意図的に作り出すことができる。なお、カップリング処理層を不活性化処理するとは、物理的にカップリング処理層を部分的に除去する(いわゆるエッチングする)こと、物理的にカップリング処理層を微視的にマスキングすること、カップリング処理層を化学的に変性することを包含する。
カップリング処理層の一部を選択的に不活性化処理して所定のパターンを形成する手段としては、所定のパターンに応じた部分をマスクで一時的に被覆ないし遮蔽したうえで全面にエッチング等を施し、その後マスクを取り去るようにしてもよいし、可能であれば直描方式で所定のパターンに応じてエッチング等を行うようにしてもよい。マスクとしては、一般的にレジスト、フォトマスク、メタルマスクなどとして使われている物をエッチング方法に応じて適宜選択して用いればよい。
前記真空プラズマ処理とは、減圧されたガス中での放電によって生じるプラズマ中に対象物を曝露するか、ないしは、同放電によって生じたイオンを対象物に衝突させる処理を云う。ガスとしては、ネオン、アルゴン、窒素、酸素、フッ化炭素、二酸化炭素、水素等の単独、ないし混合ガスを用いることができる。
前記大気圧プラズマ処理とは、概ね大気圧雰囲気下におかれた気体中で生じる放電によって生じるプラズマ中に対象物を曝露するか、ないしは、同放電によって生じたイオンを対象物に衝突させる処理を云う。気体としてはネオン、アルゴン、窒素、酸素、二酸化炭素、水素等の単独ないし混合ガスを用いることができる。
前記活性放射線照射処理とは、電子線、アルファ線、X線、ベータ線、赤外線、可視光線、紫外線、レーザー光照射処理などの放射線を照射する処理を云う。なお、レーザー光照射処理を行う場合には、特に直描方式で処理を行うことが容易になる。なおこの場合、可視光レーザーであっても、一般の可視光線と比較して遙かに大きなエネルギーを有するため、本発明では活性放射線の一種として扱うことができる。
前記活性ガス処理とは、カップリング処理層に化学的ないし物理的変化を生じせしめる活性を有する気体、例えばハロゲンガス、ハロゲン化水素ガス、オゾン、高濃度の酸素ガス、アンモニア、有機アルカリ、有機酸などのガスに対象物を曝露する処理を云う。
前記薬液処理とは、カップリング処理層に化学的ないし物理的変化を生じせしめる活性を有する液体、例えばアルカリ溶液、酸溶液、還元剤溶液、酸化剤溶液、などの液体、ないし溶液に対象物を曝露する処理を云う。
本発明の積層体の製造方法においては、前記エッチングの後、前記支持体と前記ポリイミドフィルムとを重ね合わせて加圧加熱処理する。これにより、支持体とポリイミドフィルムとを接着させることができる。
また一般に、支持体とポリイミドフィルムとの積層体を得る方法としては、支持体の上にポリイミドワニス(上述したポリアミド酸溶液)を直接塗布しイミド化させて製膜する方法も考えられるが、本発明では、ポリイミドをフィルム化した後、支持体に積層する。これは、ポリアミド酸溶液を支持体上で加熱してイミド化すると、例えば、支持体にもよるが同心円状の膜厚分布ができやすくなったり、ポリイミドフィルムの表と裏の状態(熱の伝わり方等)が異なるために反りや支持体からの浮きがあるフィルムになりやすいのに対して、予めフィルム化しておけば、これらの問題を回避できるからである。さらに、支持体にフィルムを重ね合わせるようにすることで、後述する加圧加熱処理を行い得る範囲において、重ね合わせる前にフィルムにデバイス(回路等)を形成しておくことも可能になる。
加圧加熱処理の際の圧力としては、1MPa~20MPaが好ましく、さらに好ましくは3MPa~10MPaである。圧力が高すぎると、支持体を破損する虞があり、圧力が低すぎると、密着しない部分が生じ、接着が不充分になる場合がある。加圧加熱処理の際の温度としては、150℃~400℃、さらに好ましくは250℃~350℃である。温度が高すぎると、ポリイミドフィルムにダメージを与える虞があり、温度が低すぎると、密着力が弱くなる傾向がある。
また加圧加熱処理は、大気中で行うこともできるが、全面の安定した剥離強度を得る為には、真空下で行うことが好ましい。このとき真空度は、通常の油回転ポンプによる真空度で充分であり、10Torr以下程度あれば充分である。
加圧加熱処理に使用することができる装置としては、真空中でのプレスを行うには、例えば井元製作所製の「11FD」等を使用でき、真空中でのロール式のフィルムラミネーターあるいは真空にした後に薄いゴム膜によりガラス全面に一度に圧力を加えるフィルムラミネーター等の真空ラミネートを行うには、例えば名機製作所製の「MVLP」等を使用できる。
本発明の積層体の製造方法においては、応用例として、必要に応じて、積層体中のポリイミドフィルムまたは積層体全体の膜厚方向に貫通する孔部分を設けることにより、非ポリイミド部分を設けてもよい。該部分としては、特に限定はされるものではないが、好ましくは、Cu、Al、Ag、Auなどの金属を主たる成分としている金属で充填されているもの、機械式のドリルやレーザー穴あけによって形成された空孔、および、空孔の壁面に金属膜がスパッタリングや無電解めっきシード層形成などにより形成されているもの等が挙げられる。
本発明の積層体は、支持体とポリイミドフィルムとがカップリング処理層を介して積層されてなる積層体であり、前記支持体と前記ポリイミドフィルムとの間の剥離強度が異なる良好接着部分と易剥離部分とを有しており、該良好接着部分と該易剥離部分とが所定のパターンを形成している。これにより、デバイス作製時の高温プロセスにおいても剥がれることなく、しかもポリイミドフィルム上にデバイスを作製した後には容易に支持体からポリイミドフィルムを剥離することができる積層体となる。本発明の積層体は、本発明の積層体の製造方法により得ることができ、支持体、ポリイミドフィルム、カップリング処理層等の詳細については、上述した通りである。
本発明のデバイス構造体の製造方法は、支持体とポリイミドフィルムとを有する本発明の積層体を用いて、基材であるポリイミドフィルム上にデバイスが形成されてなる構造体を製造する方法である。
本発明のデバイス構造体の製造方法においては、本発明の積層体のポリイミドフィルム上にデバイスを形成した後、前記積層体の易剥離部分のポリイミドフィルムに切り込みを入れて該ポリイミドフィルムを前記支持体から剥離する。
本発明におけるデバイスとしては、特に制限はなく、例えば、電子回路用配線のみ、電気抵抗のほか、コイル、コンデンサーといった受動デバイス、半導体素子などを含む能動デバイス、およびそれらを組み合わせてなる電子回路システムがある。半導体素子としては、太陽電池、薄膜トランジスター、MEMS素子、センサー、論理回路等が挙げられる。
以下、フィルム状太陽電池を構成するよう形成される上記積層体Xの典型例として、光電変換層を一対の電極層で挟んでなる積層構造を説明する。しかし、光電変換層を何層か積み重ねた構成なども、PVDやCVDでの作製ならば、本発明の太陽電池といえる。勿論、積層体Xの積層構造は、以下に記載される態様に限定されず、従来技術の太陽電池が有する積層体の構成を適宜参照してよく、保護層や公知補助手段を付加してもよいものである。
無定形シリコン層は、実質的に結晶性をもたないシリコンからなる層である。実質的に結晶性をもたないことは、X線を照射しても回折ピークを与えないことによって確かめることができる。無定形シリコン層を得る手段は公知であり、そのような手段には、例えば、プラズマCVD法や熱CVD法などが含まれる。
多結晶シリコン層は、シリコンからなる微小結晶の集合体からなる層である。上述の無定形シリコン層とは、X線の照射により回折ピークを与えることによって区別される。多結晶シリコン層を得る手段は公知であり、そのような手段には、無定形シリコンを熱処理する手段などが含まれる。
光電変換層は、シリコン系半導体層に限られず、例えば、厚膜半導体層であってもよい。厚膜半導体層とは、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、ヨウ化銅などのペーストから形成される半導体層である。
かくして、本発明の好適な態様例である、透明電極/p型a-Si/i型a-Si/n型a-Si/金属電極/ポリイミドフィルムの順で積層されてなるフィルム状太陽電池が得られる。また、p層をa-Si、n層を多結晶シリコンとして、両者の間に薄いアンドープa-Si層を挿入した構造にしてもよい。特に、a-Si/多結晶シリコン系のハイブリッド型にすると、太陽光スペクトルに対する感度が改善される。太陽電池の作製においては、上記構成に加えて、反射防止層、表面保護層などを付加せしめてもよい。
図1は、本発明の積層体の製造方法の一実施態様を示す模式図であり、(1)はガラス基板1を示し、(2)はガラス基板1上にカップリング剤を塗布乾燥してカップリング処理層2を形成した段階を示し、(3)はUV光遮断マスク3を設置した後にUV光を照射した段階を示し、(4)はUV光を照射後に、UV光遮断マスク3を除去した段階を示している。ここでカップリング処理層2のうちUV露光部はUV照射部5となり、残りの部分はUV未照射部4となっている。(5)はポリイミドフィルム6を貼り付けした段階を示し、(6)はUV照射部上のポリイミドフィルム7に切り込みを入れガラス基板1から剥離した段階を示す。
図2は、本発明のデバイス構造体の製造方法の一実施態様を示す模式図であり、(1)はガラス基板1を示し、(2)はガラス基板1上にカップリング剤を塗布乾燥してカップリング処理層2を形成した段階を示し、(3)はUV光遮断マスク3を設置した後にUV光を照射した段階を示し、(4)はUV光を照射後に、UV光遮断マスク3を除去した段階を示している。ここでカップリング処理層2のうちUV露光部はUV照射部5となり、残りの部分はUV未照射部4となっている。(5)はポリイミドフィルム6を貼り付けし、その後にUV照射部上のポリイミドフィルム7表面へデバイス8を作製した段階を示し、(6)はUV照射部上のポリイミドフィルム7に切り込みを入れガラス基板1から剥離した段階を示す。
ポリイミドフィルムおよびこれを構成する各層(a層、b層)の厚さは、マイクロメーター(ファインリューフ社製「ミリトロン1245D」)を用いて測定した。
測定対象とするポリイミドフィルムから、流れ方向(MD方向)及び幅方向(TD方向)がそれぞれ100mm×10mmである短冊状の試験片を切り出し、引張試験機(島津製作所製「オートグラフ(R);機種名AG-5000A」)を用い、引張速度50mm/分、チャック間距離40mmの条件で、MD方向、TD方向それぞれについて、引張弾性率、引張強度および引張破断伸度を測定した。
測定対象とするポリイミドフィルムの流れ方向(MD方向)および幅方向(TD方向)について、下記条件にて伸縮率を測定し、15℃の間隔(30℃~45℃、45℃~60℃、…)での伸縮率/温度を測定し、この測定を300℃まで行って、全測定値の平均値を線膨張係数(CTE)として算出した。
機器名 ; MACサイエンス社製「TMA4000S」
試料長さ ; 20mm
試料幅 ; 2mm
昇温開始温度 ; 25℃
昇温終了温度 ; 400℃
昇温速度 ; 5℃/分
雰囲気 ; アルゴン
初荷重 ; 34.5g/mm2
ポリイミドフィルム2枚を、異なる面同士で重ね合わせ(すなわち、同じ面同士ではなく、フィルムロールとして巻いた場合の巻き外面と巻き内面とを重ね合わせ)、重ねたポリイミドフィルムを親指と人差し指で挟み、軽く摺り合わせたときに、ポリイミドフィルムとポリイミドフィルムが滑る場合を「○」、滑らない場合を「×」と評価した。なお、巻き外面同士あるいは巻き内面同士では滑らない場合もあるが、これは評価項目とはしない。また滑り性を評価する際には、ポリイミドフィルムの片面の保護フィルムは取り除くこととした。
長尺状のポリイミドフィルムを巻取りロ-ル(心棒の外径:15cm)に2m/分の速度で巻取る際に、皺が生じず円滑に巻取りが可能である場合を「○」、部分的に皺が発生する場合を「△」、皺が発生したり、ロ-ルに巻きついて円滑に巻取りができない場合を「×」と評価した。
得られたポリイミドフィルムから、50mm×50mmの正方形を切り出し、フィルム試験片とした。フィルム試験片を切り出すに際しては、正方形の各辺がフィルムの長手方向および幅方向と一致するようにし、かつ正方形の中心がフィルムの幅方向において(a)中央、(b)左端から全幅長の1/3に当たる点、(c)右端から全幅長の1/3に当たる点、に位置するように、3箇所から切り出した。
上記フィルム試験片(a)~(c)をそれぞれ平面上に凹状となるように静置し、四隅の平面からの距離(h1、h2、h3、h4:単位mm)を測定して、その平均値を反り量(mm)とした。この反り量を試験片の各頂点から中心までの距離(35.36mm)で除して百分率(%)で表わしたもの(100×(反り量(mm))/35.36)を反り度(%)とし、フィルム試験片(a)~(c)の反り度を平均して求めた。
<ポリイミドフィルムの評価:カール度>
ポリイミドフィルムの反り度の測定に用いたのと同様のフィルム試験片(a)~(c)に250℃のドライオーブンにて30分間熱処理を施し、その後、熱処理後のフィルムについて上記と同様に反り度を測定し、熱処理後のフィルムの反り度(%)をカール度とした。
以下のAFM法により測定した。すなわち、ポリイミドフィルム表面のクレーター数の計測は、表面物性評価機能付走査型プローブ顕微鏡(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製「SPA300/nanonavi」)を用いて行った。計測はDFMモードで行い、カンチレバーはエスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製「DF3」又は「DF20」を使用し、スキャナーはエスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製「FS-20A」を使用し、走査範囲は10μm四方とし、測定分解能は1024×512ピクセルとした。計測像について装置付属のソフトウエアで二次傾き補正を行った後、クレーター部を観測した。図7に示すように、クレーターは平坦部から盛り上がった凸状部の中心が窪んだ形状をしている。よって、盛り上がりの最大高さの位置における断面の直径(最大高さ間の距離)をクレーター部の直径とした(図7において、(1)は、ポリイミドフィルムの凹凸の高さを色の濃淡で表した図(白が高い位置、黒が低い位置)であり、(2)は、(1)の白線部のポリイミドフィルムの凹凸の断面表示例であり、(3)はクレーター部の直径を示す)。そして任意の3個のクレーター部について計測を行ってクレーター部の直径を求め、それらの平均値を採用した。
ポリイミドフィルム表面のRa値(表面形態)の計測は、表面物性評価機能付走査型プローブ顕微鏡(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製「SPA300/nanonavi」)を用いて行った。計測はDFMモードで行い、カンチレバーはエスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製「DF3」又は「DF20」を使用し、スキャナーはエスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製「FS-20A」を使用し、走査範囲は10μm四方とし、測定分解能は512×512ピクセルとした。計測像について装置付属のソフトウエアで二次傾き補正を行った後、測定に伴うノイズが含まれる場合には適宜その他の平坦化処理(例えばフラット処理)を使用し、装置付属のソフトウエアでRa値を算出した。任意の3箇所について計測を行ってRa値を求め、それらの平均値を採用した。
DSC示差熱分析装置を用いて、室温から500℃までの範囲での構造変化に起因する吸放熱の有無からポリイミドフィルムのガラス転移温度を求めた。いずれのポリイミドフィルムにおいてもガラス転移温度は観察されなかった。
カップリング処理層(SC層)の厚さ(nm)は、洗浄したSiウエハ上に形成したカップリング処理層の膜厚について、エリプソメトリー法にて、分光エリプソメータ(Photal社製「FE-5000」)を用いて下記の条件で測定した。なお、支持体としてガラスを用いた場合には、別途、洗浄したSiウエハ上に各実施例、比較例と同様の方法でカップリング剤を塗布乾燥させて得たサンプルを用いた。
反射角度範囲 ; 45°から80°
波長範囲 ; 250nmから800nm
波長分解能 ; 1.25nm
スポット径 ; 1mm
tanΨ ; 測定精度±0.01
cosΔ ; 測定精度±0.01
測定 ; 方式回転検光子法
偏向子角度 ; 45°
入射角度 ; 70°固定
検光子 ; 11.25°刻みで0~360°
波長 ; 250nm~800nm
非線形最小2乗法によるフィッティングで膜厚を算出した。このとき、モデルとしては、Air/薄膜/Siのモデルで、
n=C3/λ4+C2/λ2+C1
k=C6/λ4+C5/λ2+C4
の式で波長依存C1~C6を求めた。
剥離強度(180度剥離強度)は、JIS C6471に記載の180度剥離法に従い、下記条件で測定した。なお、この測定に供するサンプルには、100mm×1000mmの支持体(ガラス)に対してポリイミドフィルムのサイズを110mm×2000mmに設計することにより片側にポリイミドフィルムの未接着部分を設け、この部分を“つかみしろ”とした。
装置名 ; 島津製作所社製「オートグラフAG-IS」
測定温度 ; 室温
剥離速度 ; 50mm/分
雰囲気 ; 大気
測定サンプル幅 ; 1cm
UV未照射部の剥離強度の測定には、UV照射を行わないこと以外は各実施例・比較例と同様にして別途作製した積層体を用いた。
(2)UV照射部の剥離強度
UV照射部の剥離強度の測定は、UV照射を行った積層体のUV照射部について行った。
(3)耐熱剥離強度
耐熱剥離強度の測定は、積層体(UV照射を行った積層体)を窒素雰囲気としたマッフル炉に入れ、これを昇温速度10℃/分で400℃まで加熱し、そのまま400℃で1時間保持した後、マッフル炉の扉を開放して大気中で放冷することにより得たサンプルを用いて行った。
(4)耐酸性剥離強度
耐酸性剥離強度の測定は、積層体(UV照射を行った積層体)を18質量%の塩酸溶液中に室温(23℃)にて30分間浸漬し、3回水洗した後に風乾することにより得たサンプルを用いて行った。
(5)耐アルカリ性剥離強度
耐アルカリ性剥離強度の測定は、積層体(UV照射を行った積層体)を2.38質量%の水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム(TMAH)水溶液(室温(23℃))中に30分間浸漬し、3回水洗した後に風乾することにより得たサンプルを用いて行った。
積層体のUV照射部に切り込みを入れてポリイミドフィルムを支持体から剥離し、剥離したポリイミドフィルムの中央部分から50mm×50mmの正方形を切り出してフィルム試験片とし、該試験片の反り度(%)を上記ポリイミドフィルムの反り度と同様にして測定し、剥離後のフィルム反り度とした。
製造例で用いた滑材(無機粒子)について、溶媒(ジメチルアセトアミド)に分散させた分散体の状態で、堀場製作所社製のレーザー散乱式粒度分布計「LB-500」を用いて粒子径分布を求め、体積平均粒子径を算出した。
表面組成比は、X線光電子分光分析(ESCA)にて測定した。測定は、アルバック・ファイ社製「ESCA5801MC」を用いて下記の条件で行った。測定に際しては、まず全元素スキャンを行って他の元素の有無を確認した後に、存在する元素のナロースキャンを行って存在比率を測定した。なお、測定に供する試料は、予備排気を十分に行った後に測定室に投入するようにしており、イオン照射等により測定前にサンプル表面を削り取るといった操作は行っていない。
励起X線:Mg、Kα線
光電子脱出角度:45°
分析径:φ800μm
パスエネルギー:29.35eV(ナロースキャン)、187.75eV(全元素スキャン)
ステップ:0.125eV(ナロースキャン)、1.6eV(全元素スキャン)
分析元素:C,O,N,Si,全元素
真空度:1×10‐8Torr以下
(ポリアミド酸溶液A1~A2の調製)
窒素導入管、温度計、攪拌棒を備えた反応容器内を窒素置換した後、5-アミノ-2-(p-アミノフェニル)ベンゾオキサゾール223質量部と、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド4416質量部とを加えて完全に溶解させ、次いで、ピロメリット酸二無水物217質量部とともに、滑材としてコロイダルシリカをジメチルアセトアミドに分散してなる分散体(日産化学工業製「スノーテックス(登録商標)DMAC-ST30」)とをシリカ(滑材)が表1記載の添加量(ポリアミド酸溶液中のポリマー固形分総量に対する質量%)になるように加え、25℃の反応温度で24時間攪拌して、褐色で粘調なポリアミド酸溶液A1~A2を得た。
(ポリアミド酸溶液B1~B2の調製)
窒素導入管、温度計、攪拌棒を備えた反応容器内を窒素置換した後、ピロメリット酸無水物545質量部と、4,4'-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル500質量部とを、8000質量部のN、N-ジメチルアセトアミドに溶解させて加え、滑材としてコロイダルシリカをジメチルアセトアミドに分散してなる分散体(日産化学工業製「スノーテックス(登録商標)DMAC-ST30」)をシリカ(滑材)が表2記載の添加量(ポリアミド酸溶液中のポリマー固形分総量に対する質量%)になるように加え、温度を20℃以下に保ちながら24時間攪拌して、ポリアミド酸溶液B1~B2を得た。
(ポリアミド酸溶液C1~C2の調製)
窒素導入管、温度計、攪拌棒を備えた反応容器内を窒素置換した後、3,3',4,4'-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物398質量部と、パラフェニレンジアミン147質量部とを、4600質量部のN、N-ジメチルアセトアミドに溶解させて加え、滑材としてコロイダルシリカをジメチルアセトアミドに分散してなる分散体(日産化学工業製「スノーテックス(登録商標)DMAC-ST30」)をシリカが表3記載の添加量(ポリアミド酸溶液中のポリマー固形分総量に対する質量%)になるように加え、25℃の反応温度で24時間攪拌して、褐色で粘調なポリアミド酸溶液C1~C2を得た。
(ポリアミド酸溶液Dの調製)
窒素導入管、温度計、攪拌棒を備えた反応容器内を窒素置換した後、2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジジン16.1g(0.05mol)と、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン109gとを仕込んで溶解させ、次いで、1,2,4,5-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物11.2g(0.05mol)を室温にて固体のまま分割添加し、室温下で12時間攪拌した。次に、共沸溶媒としてキシレン40.0gを添加し、180℃に昇温して3時間反応を行い、共沸してくる生成水を分離した。水の留去が終わったことを確認した後、1時間かけて190℃に昇温することによりキシレンを除去して反応溶液を得た。この反応溶液に、滑材としてコロイダルシリカをジメチルアセトアミドに分散してなる分散体(日産化学工業製「スノーテックス(登録商標)DMAC-ST30」)をシリカの添加量がポリアミド酸溶液中のポリマー固形分総量に対して0.2質量%となるように加え、ポリアミド酸溶液Dを得た。
ポリアミド酸溶液A1を、製膜支持体としてのポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)製フィルム(東洋紡績株式会社製「A-4100」)の無滑材面上に、表4中「(b層)厚さ」として示す乾燥膜厚となるようにコンマコーターを用いてコーティングし、110℃にて5分間乾燥した後、PET製フィルムとともに(PET製フィルムから剥がさずに)単層ポリアミド酸フィルムを巻き取った。
製膜支持体のPET製フィルムとともに巻き取られた単層ポリアミド酸フィルムを製膜機の巻きだし部に取り付け、ポリアミド酸溶液A2を、表4中「(a層)厚さ」として示す乾燥膜厚となるように、コンマコーターを用いて単層ポリアミド酸フィルム面にコーティングし、110℃にて20分間乾燥して、製膜支持体のPET製フィルム上に2層構成の多層ポリアミド酸フィルムを得た。
なお、前記保護フィルムAは、フィルム表面への異物付着や傷付き等を防止する目的で貼着しているものであり、比較的低温でロールトゥロールにて搬送する際や、人手によるハンドリングを行う際には、保護フィルムAは貼着した状態で操作を行った。しかしながら、例えば130℃を超える条件下でプレスやラミネートなどを行う際、または、保護フィルムAを貼着した面に各処理を施す際には、かかる保護フィルムAを剥がした後に各操作を行った。
ポリアミド酸溶液A1、A2の塗布量を、それぞれ表4に示す乾燥膜厚となるように変更したこと以外は、フィルム作製例1と同様にして、ポリイミドフィルム2を得た。得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性を表4に示す。
ポリアミド酸溶液A1とA2の塗布順番を入れ替える(すなわち、b層をポリアミド酸溶液A2で形成し、a層をポリアミド酸溶液A1で形成する)とともに、ポリアミド酸溶液A1、A2の塗布量を、それぞれ表4に示す乾燥膜厚となるように変更したこと以外は、フィルム作製例1と同様にして、ポリイミドフィルム3を得た。得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性を表4に示す。
ポリアミド酸溶液A1、A2の塗布量を、それぞれ表4に示す乾燥膜厚となるように変更したこと以外は、フィルム作製例1と同様にして、ポリイミドフィルム4を得た。得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性を表4に示す。
ポリアミド酸溶液A2を塗布しない(すなわち、a層を形成しない)ようにし、ポリアミド酸溶液A1の塗布量を、表5に示す乾燥膜厚となるように変更したこと以外は、フィルム作製例1と同様にして、ポリイミドフィルム5を得た。得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性を表5に示す。
ポリアミド酸溶液A1をB1に変更し、ポリアミド酸溶液A2をB2に変更するとともに、ポリアミド酸溶液B1、B2の塗布量を、それぞれ表5に示す乾燥膜厚となるように変更したこと以外は、フィルム作製例1と同様にして、ポリイミドフィルム6を得た。得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性を表5に示す。
ポリアミド酸溶液A1をC1に変更し、ポリアミド酸溶液A2をC2に変更するとともに、ポリアミド酸溶液C1、C2の塗布量を、それぞれ表5に示す乾燥膜厚となるように変更したこと以外は、フィルム作製例1と同様にして、ポリイミドフィルム7を得た。得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性を表5に示す。
ポリアミド酸溶液A1をC1に変更するとともに、ポリアミド酸溶液A2を塗布しない(すなわち、a層を形成しない)ようにし、ポリアミド酸溶液C1の塗布量を表5に示す乾燥膜厚となるように変更したこと以外は、フィルム作製例1と同様にして、ポリイミドフィルム8を得た。得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性を表5に示す。
ポリアミド酸溶液A1をDに変更するとともに、ポリアミド酸溶液A2を塗布しない(すなわち、a層を形成しない)ようにし、ポリアミド酸溶液Dの塗布量を表5に示す乾燥膜厚となるように変更し、さらに3段目の熱処理における温度を280℃としたこと以外は、フィルム作製例1と同様にして、ポリイミドフィルム9を得た。得られたポリイミドフィルムの特性を表5に示す。
市販の東レデュポン製「カプトン(登録商標)100H」をフィルム10とし、市販の宇部興産製「ユーピレックス(登録商標)25S」をフィルム11とした。
フィルム1~4に対し、各ポリイミドフィルムの滑材を含有していないポリイミド側(ポリアミド酸溶液A2で形成された層側)の面に真空プラズマ処理を施した。真空プラズマ処理としては、平行平板型の電極を使ったRIEモード、RFプラズマによる処理を採用し、真空チャンバー内にO2ガスを導入し、13.56MHzの高周波電力を導入するようにし、処理時間は3分間とした。得られた処理後の各ポリイミドフィルムの特性を表6に示す。なお、ここで得られた処理後の各ポリイミドフィルムには、酸処理(HF処理)を施していないので、クレーターは観察されなかった。
フィルム3~5に対し、各ポリイミドフィルムの滑材を含有しているポリイミド側(ポリアミド酸溶液A1で形成された層側)の面に真空プラズマ処理を施し、続いて同面を酸処理した後、風乾し、110℃のホットプレート上に1時間載置することにより脱水処理を行った。真空プラズマ処理としては、平行平板型の電極を使ったRIEモード、RFプラズマによる処理を採用し、真空チャンバー内にO2ガスを導入し、13.54MHzの高周波電力を導入するようにし、処理時間は3分間とした。続く酸処理は、10質量%のHF水溶液中に1分間浸漬した後、洗浄し、乾燥することにより行った。得られた処理後の各ポリイミドフィルムの特性を表7に示す。
フィルム6、7に対し、上記フィルム処理例1と同様にして真空プラズマ処理を施した。得られた処理後の各ポリイミドフィルムの特性を表7に示す。なお、ここで得られた処理後の各ポリイミドフィルムには、酸処理(HF処理)を施していないので、クレーターは観察されなかった。
フィルム7~11に対し、上記フィルム処理例5と同様にして真空プラズマ処理、酸処理、風乾および脱水処理を施した。得られた処理後の各ポリイミドフィルムの特性を表8に示す。
窒素置換したグローブボックス内で窒素ガスを流しながら、シランカップリング剤(SC剤)である3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシランをイソプロピルアルコールによって0.5質量%に希釈した後、無機物からなる支持体(基板)として予め別途洗浄、乾燥しておいたガラス(コーニング社製「コーニングEAGLE XG」;100mm×100mm×0.7mm厚)をスピンコーターに設置して、シランカップリング剤(SC剤)を回転中央部に滴下させて500rpmにて回転させ、次いで2000rpmにて回転させることにより支持体全面を濡らした状態として塗布した後に、乾燥状態とした。これをクリーンベンチ内に載置した110℃に加熱したホットプレート上で1分間加熱して、厚さ11nmのカップリング処理層を備えたカップリング剤処理済支持体を得た。
なお、UV照射は、ランテクニカルサービス株式会社製のUV/O3洗浄改質装置(「SKB1102N-01」)とUVランプ(「SE-1103G05」)とを用い、該UVランプから3cm程度離れた距離から4分間行った。照射時にはUV/O3洗浄改質装置内には特別な気体は入れず、UV照射は、大気雰囲気、室温で行った。なお、UVランプは185nm(不活性化処理を促進するオゾンを発生させうる短波長)と254nmの波長の輝線を出しており、このとき照度は20mW/cm2程度(照度計(「ORC UV-M03AUV」)にて254nmの波長で測定)であった。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表9に示す。
なお、別途、上記で得たカップリング処理層を備えた支持体のカップリング剤処理面と、フィルム処理例1~4で得られた処理後のポリイミドフィルムの各処理面(本実施例1~4ではポリアミド酸溶液A2で形成された層側の面)とが対向するように重ね合わせ、上記と同様の真空プレスにより加圧加熱処理を行い、UV未照射部の剥離強度測定用サンプルを作製した。
無機物からなる支持体(基板)として、厚さ0.725μmのシリコンウエハ(Siウエハ)を用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして、本発明の積層体を得た。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表9に示す。
なお、この実施例2以外の各実施例についても、無機物からなる支持体としてガラスの代わりにシリコンウエハを使用する以外は同様に行って積層体を得たが、得られた積層体の評価結果はいずれも、それぞれガラスを支持体とした時とほぼ同一であった。
支持体と重ね合わせるフィルム処理後のポリイミドフィルムとして処理例5~14で得られた処理後ポリイミドフィルムを用い、カップリング剤処理済ガラスのカップリング剤処理面と、各処理後ポリイミドフィルムの各処理面とが対向するように重ね合わせたこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、本発明の積層体を得た。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表10、表11に示す。
加圧加熱処理を、150℃でロールラミネートを行った後、大気中、300℃で8MPaの圧力にて20分間プレスすることにより行ったこと以外は、実施例2または実施例10と同様にして、本発明の積層体を得た。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表12に示す。
加圧加熱処理を、100℃にてロール圧(線圧)20N/cm(加圧実効幅5mmとして、実効推定圧0.4MPa程度)でロールラミネートにより加圧した後に、200℃のドライオーブン中、常圧にて1時間加熱することにより行ったこと以外は、実施例2、実施例9または実施例10と同様にして、本発明の積層体を得た。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表12に示す。
ジャパンクリエイツ社製の自動塗布式スピンコーター「MSC800-C-AD型」を用い、ガラス板(コーニング社製「コーニングEAGLE XG」:370×470mm×0.7mm厚)上に、n-プロピルトリエトキシシランの0.5質量%イソプロパノール溶液を塗布し、2000回転で溶液を振りきった後に回転を止め、取り出したガラス板を乾燥窒素置換した120℃のドライオーブン中に15分間入れることにより、シランカップリング剤処理を行い、厚さ40nmのシランカップリング処理層を形成した。
得られたカップリング処理層を有する処理済みガラス板に、ステンレススチール製のメタルマスク(68mm×110mmの長方形の開口部が5mm幅の遮蔽部を介してアレイ状に配列されたパターンを有するものであって、表面に絶縁コートが施されたものである)を重ね、メタルマスクとガラス板との間に隙間がないことを確認して、実施例1と同様の方法でUV照射を行った。
次に、フィルム処理例9で得られた処理フィルムを350mm×450mmにカットし、これをフィルム処理面とガラス板の処理面とが対向するように、ガラス板とともに、MCK社製のロールラミネーターにセットし、ガラス板を80℃に加熱した状態で、線圧50N/cm(実効推定圧1MPa程度)ラミネートを行い、フィルム/ガラスの仮積層体を得た。このフィルム/ガラス仮積層体を125℃のドライオーブン中で10分間予備加熱した後、180℃のオーブン中で30分間加熱して、本発明の積層体を得た。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表13に示す。
不活性化処理を、以下の大気圧プラズマ処理に変更したこと以外は、実施例21と同様にして、本発明の積層板を得た。
大気圧プラズマ処理は、ダイレクト型でスリット状の横に長いヘッドが自動式にワーク上を移動するタイプの機構を持つ大気圧プラズマ処理装置を用い、流量比が窒素/酸素=95/5(常圧体積比)の混合ガスを処理ガスとし、放電出力を2kWとして行った。ガラス板がプラズマに曝露されている時間は概ね60秒程度であった。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表13に示す。
不活性化処理を、以下のコロナ処理に変更したこと以外は、実施例21と同様にして、本発明の積層板を得た。
コロナ処理は、春日電機社製のコンベア式処理装置を用い、大気中にて40w/m2にて3分間行った。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表13に示す。
実施例22において、使用したポリイミドフィルムをフィルム処理例14で得られたフィルムに変更したこと以外は、実施例22と同様にして、本発明の積層板を得た。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表13に示す。
実施例23において、使用したポリイミドフィルムをフィルム処理例14で得られたフィルムに変更したこと以外は、実施例23と同様にして、本発明の積層板を得た。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表13に示す。
実施例1にて得られた積層板を用い、積層板のフィルム上に低温ポリシリコンを用いた薄膜トランジスタアレイ製作を模擬的に行った。所定のテストパターンを用いて、平坦化層兼ガスバリア層として反応性スパッタリング法にて形成した酸化珪素層、ソース、ドレイン電極層としてスパッタリング法にて形成したタンタル層、バリアメタル層、半導体層としてCVD法にて形成したアモルファスシリコン層を積層した。次いで、400℃にて75分間アニール処理することによりシリコン層を微多結晶化させた後、ゲート絶縁層としてSiN層、ゲート電極層としてアルミニウムを重ねた。なお、各々の層は所定のテストパターンに応じて、マスキングないしフォトリソ法にてパターニングし、模擬的なデバイス:薄膜トランジスタアレイとした。デバイス部分は不活性化処理時のUV照射部(マスクの開口部分)に形成した。以上のプロセス中、積層体は、真空雰囲気、高温下、フォトリソグラフ法に用いられるレジスト液、現像液、エッチング液、剥離液に曝露されたが、ポリイミド層はガラス層から剥離することなく、プロセス適性は良好であった。
次いで、不活性化処理時に用いたマスクのパターンに応じて、UV未照射部(マスクの遮蔽部)とUV照射部(マスクの開口部)の境目にてポリイミドフィルムに切り込みを入れ、デバイスが形成されている部分を剥離した。剥離に際しては、端部を薄い刃物で僅かに起こし、フィルムとガラスの界面を刃物の刃面をすき込む様に押し進めることですみやかに剥離が可能であった。剥離時のガラスとフィルムとの角度は概ね15~20度程度とした。なお、遮蔽されていた5mm幅の部分についても同様に剥離を試みたが、ポリイミドフィルムが破れないように剥離することは困難であった。
フィルム作製例1、2、7で得られたフィルムNO.1、2、7の各フィルム(プラズマ処理を施していないポリイミドフィルム)を使用し、それぞれ滑材が入っていない側をガラスに対向するよう重ね合わせたこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、比較用の積層体を得た。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表14に示す。
支持体にカップリング剤処理を施さないこと以外は、実施例2または10と同様にして、比較用の積層体を得た。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表14に示す。なお、表中「測定不能」は、処理ないし測定途中でポリイミドフィルムが剥がれてしまった場合をさす。
UV照射処理を行わないこと以外は、実施例2または10と同様にして、比較用の積層体を得た。
得られた積層体の評価結果を表15に示す。なお、表中「測定不能」は、処理ないし測定途中でポリイミドフィルムが剥がれてしまった場合をさす。
この積層体について、ポリイミドフィルムに切り込みを入れ、該フィルムを支持体から剥がそうとしたが、上手く剥がすことができず、無理に剥がそうとしたらフィルムが破れてしまった。
ガラス(コーニング社製「コーニングEAGLE XG」;100mm×100mm×0.7mm厚)の中央部に直径80mmの円形のPETフィルム製保護フィルムを貼り付けた状態でスピンコーターに設置し、実施例1と同じシランカップリング剤を回転中央部に滴下させて500rpmにて回転させ、次いで2000rpmにて回転させることにより支持体全面を濡らした状態として塗布した後に、乾燥状態とした。これをクリーンベンチ内に載置した110℃に加熱したホットプレート上で1分間加熱した後に保護フィルムを剥離し、周囲にのみシランカップリング剤が塗布されたガラス基板を得た。
次いで、シランカップリング剤塗布面に、フィルム処理例1で得られた処理後のポリイミドフィルムの処理面を重ね、ロータリーポンプにて10+2Pa以下の真空度とし300℃で10MPaの圧力にて10分間真空プレスすることにより加圧加熱処理を行い、比較用の積層体を得た。ここでUV照射は行っていない。
得られた積層体のシランカップリング剤処理部分の接着強度は実施例1のUV未照射部分と同等の2.1N/cmであった。ガラス基板中央部のシランカップリング剤未塗布部分については全く接着していなかった。またこの積層体の耐熱剥離強度試験を行ったところ、積層体の中央部分のフィルム/ガラス間が大きく膨んだ。また、耐酸性剥離強度試験、耐アルカリ性剥離強度試験についても同様にフィルム/ガラス間にフクレが生じた。
支持体(基板)としてSiウエハを50mm×50mm(□50mm)に切断したものを5枚用意し、これを十分に洗浄した後に、実施例1と同様にして、シランカップリング剤を塗布した後に110℃のホットプレートで加熱して、厚さ11nmのカップリング処理層を形成した。次いで、このカップリング処理層の面に、UV照射時間を変更したこと以外は実施例1と同じ条件でUV照射を行い、得られた各サンプルの表面組成比を測定した。結果を表16に示す。なお、窒素表面組成比率は、UV照射前(測定例1)の窒素Atomic percentを100%として、UV照射後の窒素のAtomic percent(%)の値をパーセント表示したものである。
実施例1~15および各比較例で得られた各積層体を、開口部を有するステンレス製の枠を被せてスパッタリング装置内の基板ホルダーに固定した。基板ホルダーと積層体の支持体とを密着するように固定して、基板ホルダー内に冷媒を流すことによって、積層体のフィルムの温度を設定できるようにし、積層体のフィルムの温度を2℃に設定した。まず、フィルム表面にプラズマ処理を施した。プラズマ処理条件は、アルゴンガス中で、周波数13.56MHz、出力200W、ガス圧1×10-3Torrの条件とし、処理時の温度は2℃、処理時間は2分間とした。次いで、周波数13.56MHz、出力450W、ガス圧3×10-3Torrの条件で、ニッケル-クロム(クロム10質量%)合金のターゲットを用いて、アルゴン雰囲気下にてDCマグネトロンスパッタリング法により、1nm/秒のレートで厚さ11nmのニッケル-クロム合金被膜(下地層)を形成した。次いで、基板のスパッタ面の裏面が、3℃に温度コントロールした冷媒を中に流した基板ホルダーのSUSプレートと接する状態とすることで、積層体のフィルムの温度を2℃に設定し、スパッタリングを行った。そして、10nm/秒のレートで銅を蒸着させ、厚さ0.22μmの銅薄膜を形成した。このようにして、各フィルムから下地金属薄膜形成フィルム付きの積層板を得た。なお、銅およびNiCr層の厚さは蛍光X線法によって確認した。
これに対して、各比較例のポリイミドフィルム積層体を用いた場合はいずれも、フィルム剥がれが生じて、良好なパターンが得られなかった。
2:カップリング処理層
3:UV光遮断マスク
4:カップリング処理層UV未照射部
5:カップリング処理層UV照射部
6:ポリイミドフィルム
7:カップリング処理層UV照射部上のポリイミドフィルム
8:デバイス
10:良好接着部分
20:易剥離部分
Claims (12)
- 少なくとも支持体とポリイミドフィルムとから構成されてなる積層体の製造方法であって、
前記ポリイミドフィルムとして、少なくとも前記支持体に対向させる面にプラズマ処理が施されたフィルムを用い、前記支持体と前記ポリイミドフィルムとが対向する面の少なくとも一方にカップリング剤処理を施してカップリング処理層を形成し、次いでカップリング処理層の一部に不活性化処理を施して所定のパターンを形成した後、前記支持体と前記ポリイミドフィルムとを重ね合わせて加圧加熱処理することを特徴とする積層体の製造方法。 - 前記不活性化処理として、ブラスト処理、真空プラズマ処理、大気圧プラズマ処理、コロナ処理、活性放射線照射処理、活性ガス処理および薬液処理からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を行う請求項1に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記不活性化処理として、少なくともUV照射処理を行う請求項2に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記加圧加熱処理はロールを用いて行う請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記加圧加熱処理は真空下で行う請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記加圧加熱処理は加圧プロセスと加熱プロセスとに分離して行い、120℃未満の温度で加圧した後に、低圧もしくは常圧にて120℃以上の温度で加熱する請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記ポリイミドフィルムとして、前記プラズマ処理の後に酸処理を施したフィルムを用いる請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記ポリイミドフィルムとして、ベンゾオキサゾール構造を有する芳香族ジアミンを含むジアミン類とテトラカルボン酸類との反応によって得られるフィルムを用いる請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 支持体とポリイミドフィルムとがカップリング処理層を介して積層されてなる積層体であって、前記支持体と前記ポリイミドフィルムとの間の剥離強度が異なる良好接着部分と易剥離部分とを有しており、該良好接着部分と該易剥離部分とが所定のパターンを形成していることを特徴とする積層体。
- 前記易剥離部分における支持体とポリイミドフィルムとの間の180度剥離強度が、前記良好接着部分における支持体とポリイミドフィルムとの間の180度剥離強度の1/2以下である請求項9に記載の積層体。
- 前記ポリイミドフィルムは、ベンゾオキサゾール構造を有する芳香族ジアミンを含むジアミン類とテトラカルボン酸類との反応によって得られるフィルムである請求項9または10に記載の積層体。
- ポリイミドフィルム上にデバイスが形成されてなる構造体を製造する方法であって、支持体とポリイミドフィルムとを有する請求項9~11のいずれかに記載の積層体を用いることとし、該積層体のポリイミドフィルム上にデバイスを形成した後、前記積層体の易剥離部分のポリイミドフィルムに切り込みを入れて該ポリイミドフィルムを前記支持体から剥離することを特徴とするデバイス構造体の製造方法。
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US8980409B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 |
JP5224011B2 (ja) | 2013-07-03 |
US20140041800A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
TW201244937A (en) | 2012-11-16 |
CN103502005B (zh) | 2015-05-06 |
TWI577552B (zh) | 2017-04-11 |
KR101433555B1 (ko) | 2014-08-22 |
KR20140027264A (ko) | 2014-03-06 |
JPWO2012141248A1 (ja) | 2014-07-28 |
CN103502005A (zh) | 2014-01-08 |
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