WO2012126157A1 - 膜联蛋白v变体及其表达、制备和应用 - Google Patents

膜联蛋白v变体及其表达、制备和应用 Download PDF

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WO2012126157A1
WO2012126157A1 PCT/CN2011/001449 CN2011001449W WO2012126157A1 WO 2012126157 A1 WO2012126157 A1 WO 2012126157A1 CN 2011001449 W CN2011001449 W CN 2011001449W WO 2012126157 A1 WO2012126157 A1 WO 2012126157A1
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annexin
variant
amino acid
apoptosis
protein
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PCT/CN2011/001449
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French (fr)
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华子春
胡敏进
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常州靶标生物医药研究所有限公司
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Priority to US13/505,454 priority Critical patent/US8975380B2/en
Priority to ES11835310.1T priority patent/ES2638919T3/es
Priority to JP2014500223A priority patent/JP2014511831A/ja
Priority to DK11835310.1T priority patent/DK2687539T3/en
Priority to EP11835310.1A priority patent/EP2687539B1/en
Publication of WO2012126157A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012126157A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/46Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • C07K14/47Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • C07K14/4701Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
    • C07K14/4747Apoptosis related proteins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/001Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
    • A61K49/0013Luminescence
    • A61K49/0017Fluorescence in vivo
    • A61K49/005Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the carrier molecule carrying the fluorescent agent
    • A61K49/0056Peptides, proteins, polyamino acids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K51/00Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
    • A61K51/02Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
    • A61K51/04Organic compounds
    • A61K51/08Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
    • A61K51/087Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins the peptide being an annexin, e.g. annexin V
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/46Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • C07K14/47Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • C07K14/4701Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
    • C07K14/4721Lipocortins
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6872Intracellular protein regulatory factors and their receptors, e.g. including ion channels
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00Fusion polypeptide

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of genetic engineering biotechnology, and relates to a reagent preparation and pharmaceutical use of an annexin V variant and the annexin V variant.
  • Annexin V (An neX in V) belongs to the annexin family, a group of proteins that are evolutionarily highly conserved and have Ca2+ and phospholipid binding properties. They are structurally homologous and are considered to be Ca2+-regulated membrane-bound components.
  • the functionally similarities of the annexin family are: High affinity for acidic phospholipid molecules in the presence of Ca2+.
  • Members of the annexin family are found in both higher and lower eukaryotes. Annexin members are present in many different cell types, and their biochemical effects are closely related to immune properties, participating in anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory processes, especially cell replication, differentiation and exocytosis (Iwasaki A, Suda M, Nakao H , et al.
  • Apoptosis also known as programmed cell death (PCD)
  • PCD programmed cell death
  • Apoptosis is an important component of the cell's life cycle. It is a gene-regulated cell-active death process that is different from necrosis and accidental death (Cohen JJ).
  • PCD programmed cell death
  • Apoptosis is an important way for organisms to regulate and maintain the relative balance of the body. It is also closely related to the pathogenesis of many diseases, in the development of tumors and chemoradiotherapy, Apoptosis and its changes can be found in brain and cardiomyocyte ischemia-reperfusion injury and rejection in organ transplantation.
  • Apoptosis is a self-programmed death process in which cells actively participate, involving a series of biomolecules. And changes in cell morphology, when cells undergo apoptosis, phosphatidylserine (PS) is flipped and exposed outside the cell membrane (Fadok VA, Voelker DR, Campbell PA, Cohen JJ, Bratton DL, Henson PM.
  • PS phosphatidylserine
  • valgus PS is the most studied and promising target for apoptosis detection, which can detect apoptosis early and has high timeliness (Bold RJ , Termuhlen PM, McConkey DJ, Surg Oncol, 1997, 6(3): 133-142), drugs that specifically bind to PS are often used at home and abroad to detect apoptosis.
  • annexin V Due to its specific affinity for PS (Meers P, Mealy T. Biochemistry, 1993, 32(43): 11711-11721), annexin V can specifically bind to the cell surface that is undergoing apoptosis. Thus, annexin V can be used in fluorescing Photoprotein or radioactive substance is labeled for detection of apoptotic cells. This method is widely used in cell molecular biology and immunology research (Koopman G, Reutelingsperger C, Kuijten GA, et al. Blood, 1994, 84(5): 1415-1420; Vermes I, Haanen C, SteVens- Nakken H, et al.
  • Annexin V for fluorescein such as FITC, PE, etc.
  • biotin labeling as a probe
  • flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy is a sensitive, efficient and mature laboratory test method.
  • tissue biopsy is required, which is traumatic, and it is easy to cause apoptosis during operation, thus affecting the analysis results. Therefore, in vivo detection of apoptosis requires exploring new methods.
  • radionuclide-labeled annexin V is used for in vivo apoptosis imaging to achieve non-invasive imaging of apoptotic cells in real time to monitor the occurrence of apoptosis in vivo.
  • This type of apoptosis imaging monitors the survival of living cells.
  • Great progress has been made in the field of death.
  • the application of radioactive substance-labeled recombinant annexin V in the evaluation of ischemic injury, allograft rejection and the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on tumors are in clinical trials (Watanabe H, Murata Y, Miura M). , et al. Nucl Med Commun, 2006, 27(1): 81-89; Blankenberg FG, Kalinyak J, Liu L, et al. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2006, 14: 1-9).
  • Radioactive iodine (*I) labeled protein peptides although the method is simple and mature, can retain its original biological activity, but it is difficult to supply 1231 and 1241 for in vivo imaging.
  • 99mTc is the most widely reported membrane annexin V.
  • the advantage of 99mTc is that it has a half-life of 6 hours, can be imaged in time, and the patient receives a small dose, and can be easily obtained by the ⁇ /Tc generator.
  • 99mTc is difficult to directly label Annexin V, has a low labeling rate, and some denatured proteins are involved in the labeling process to affect its radioactivity distribution in the body (Takei T, Kuge Y, Zhao S, et al.
  • the 99mTc label of annexin V is mainly indirect labeling, and the commonly used bifunctional chelating agent is N-1-imino-4-mercaptobutyl (Imino) (Kemerink GJ) , Liem IH, Hofstra L, et al. J Nucl Med, 2001, 42(2): 382-387), Ethylenediamine Cysteine (EC) (Yang DJ, Azhdarinia A, Wu P, et al.
  • Imino N-1-imino-4-mercaptobutyl
  • EC Ethylenediamine Cysteine
  • N2S2 dithiodiazepine
  • BTAP dithiodiazepine
  • HYNIC fluorenyl nicotinamide
  • Markers prepared using different bifunctional chelating agents have large differences in biological behavior in vivo, and markers prepared by Imino binding to 99mTc High intake in the liver, kidney and spleen, and in the body The half-life of the material is relatively long; the marker prepared by N2S2 (BTAP) has higher uptake in the liver, kidney, spleen and lower abdomen; the marker prepared by HYNIC is excreted in the intestine, but metabolized by the kidney, in the kidney. It has a higher radioactive uptake with the liver and has a longer biological half-life in vivo (Boersma HH, Kietselaer BL, Stolk LM, et al. J Nucl Med, 2005, 46(12): 2035-2050). In addition, these indirect labeling methods are complicated, the product needs to be purified, and it is not easy to be made into a kit, and the clinical use is limited.
  • annexin V can be directly labeled with 99mTc after structural modification in recombinant expression.
  • Zhang Lina et al. added 10 histidines at the N-terminus of the annexin V protein (Zhang LN, Yang X, Hua ZC, Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2000, 30(4): 305-312).
  • the annexin V protein with 10 histidine added has been well expressed and has good activity for detecting apoptosis in vitro and in vivo (Zhang LN, Yang X, Hua ZC, Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2000, 30(4):305-312; Ye F, Fang W, Wang F, et al.
  • annexin V which is currently labeled with radioactive materials, has the disadvantage of low labeling efficiency. At the same time, due to the low labeling rate, some denatured proteins are produced during the labeling process, which affects the radioactive distribution of annexin V in the body. Clinical trials have also found that annexin V is mainly distributed in the kidney, liver and spleen (Rottey S, Van den Bossche B, Siegers G, Van Belle S, van de Wiele C, QJ Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging, 2009, 53 ( 2): 127-32).
  • the purification process includes sonication, cell membrane adsorption and dissociation, Mono Q ion exchange chromatography (eluent solution concentration: 0.22 M NaCl), ultrafiltration and dialysis.
  • the inventor of the present invention constructed an annexin V with 10 histidine added in a preliminary study 10 years ago, and its labeling efficiency was significantly improved, and the labeling method was simple, but the final yield was only 7.4 mg/ L (Zhang LN, Yang X, Hua ZC, Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2000, 30(4): 305-312), the expression level and yield increased with the three N-terminals recently constructed by Professor Tait JF's research group in the United States.
  • the yield of the 7 amino acid recombinant annexin V variant was similar, thus showing that there is a serious bottleneck in the production of recombinant annexin V.
  • the present invention aims to provide an annexin V variant and a high-level, mass-produced preparation method thereof, and In the preparation of probes or diagnostic drugs for detecting apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.
  • An annexin V variant which is a protein having the amino acid sequence of sequence 1 in the sequence listing, or the sequence of the amino acid residue in sequence 1 is passed
  • a protein derived from SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted, deleted or added to one or several amino acid residues and has the same activity as the amino acid residue sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • Annexin V variant is a short peptide having a flexible structure and no branched chain amino acid added to the C-terminus of annexin V, wherein the short peptide is 1-25 amino acid residues, mainly glycine , alanine, serine and the like do not contain branched chain amino acids, and contain 1-3 cysteines.
  • Annexin V variant may be a cysteine added to the C-terminus of annexin V.
  • c PCR electrophoresis recovery product is ligated to the cloning vector and transferred to E. coli competent cell ToplO for culture; d. Restriction endonuclease Nco l and Xho l respectively double enzyme digestion c recovery product and expression vector pET28a, will The two target gene fragments obtained were ligated with T4 DNA ligase, transformed into E. coli competent cell ToplO for culture and screened to extract recombinant expression plasmid;
  • step f expanding the strain obtained in step e to collect the bacteria
  • the bacteria are disrupted, lysed, purified, and the purified protein is collected.
  • nucleotide sequence of the primer pair is:
  • Upstream primer 5'- gtt cca tgg gcg cac agg ttc tea gag gca-3 ';
  • the steps of purifying in the step g are precipitation desorption, ammonium sulfate fractionation, Super Q-650M chromatography and SP chromatography.
  • Annexin V variant is prepared by using a fluorescent chemical label or a radionuclide label as an apoptosis probe.
  • Annexin V variant as an apoptosis probe is an application in the preparation of an apoptosis monitoring reagent and a disease monitoring drug.
  • Preparation methods include the use of computer-aided molecular design, construction of annexin V variants, addition of a short peptide of 1-25 amino acid residues containing one or more cysteines at the C-terminus of annexin V; designed membrane Acquisition of the gene of the variant protein V; construction of a recombinant plasmid; corresponding recombinant genetic engineering expression; and isolation and purification of annexin V variants.
  • the yield of annexin V variant is much higher than that of the currently reported annexin V and its variants.
  • the use of the annexin V variant disclosed in the present invention for preparing a probe or a diagnostic drug for detecting apoptosis in vitro and in vivo is further achieved by the following technical solutions:
  • the obtained annexin V variant is conveniently obtained. Fluorescent chemical labeling or radionuclide labeling is performed to prepare probes or diagnostic drugs for detecting apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.
  • annexin V variants In the computer-assisted molecular design of annexin V variants, we used structural modeling and molecular design of annexin V variants, based on the C-terminal structure of annexin V, on the C-terminus of annexin V. Add amino acids for molecular modeling and molecular design to determine the length of amino acids that can be added at the C-terminus.
  • the purpose of adding a cysteine residue at the C-terminus of annexin V is to increase the affinity of the recombinant annexin V by utilizing the cysteine residue to easily participate in the coupling reaction, having affinity for metal ions, and the like. Marking efficiency.
  • the short peptide ⁇ does not contain a branched, flexible amino acid residue, such as: glycine, alanine, serine, etc., It contains no more than three cysteines, which will not affect the structure of annexin V; and the length of 25 amino acid short peptides without molecular branching and flexibility is calculated by molecular dynamics.
  • the longer the length of the short peptide the less the disturbance to the structure of annexin V; relatively, the shorter length may have a certain effect on the structure of annexin V protein, which may lead to the effect of membrane association.
  • Protein V acts as an apoptotic probe to recognize the function of apoptotic cells, and although the addition of cysteine can contribute to annexin V for fluorophore or nucleoprotein labeling, The results of molecular design show that the number of cysteine should be controlled within 1-3 ranges, otherwise it is likely to produce protein polymerization.
  • the PCR reaction conditions in the gene expression method of the Annexin V variant are: pre-denaturation at 94 ° C for 5 minutes, then denaturation at 94 ° C for 30 seconds, 58 ° C for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C for 30 seconds. Amplification of 30 cycles, extending at 72 ° C for 7 minutes, was stored at 4 ° C.
  • the monoclonal clone was picked up and shaken at 37 ° C overnight, and then inoculated in a volume of 1:100.
  • culture was carried out at 37 ° C for 2 hours to an OD600 of about 0.6.
  • the inducer IPTG was added to the bacterial solution to a final concentration of 0.5 mM, and the expression was induced at 37 ° C for 4 hours, and the cells were collected and subjected to 12% SDS-PAGE. analysis. There was no significant change in the expression level and yield of Annexin V variants in the range of 10-40 °C.
  • the annexin V variant was resuspended by using the cells obtained from the upper sputum, suspended in a ratio of 1 gram of wet bacteria in 5 mL of a buffer (50 mM NH4C1, pH 9.0), and the lysozyme was added to treat the cells. After 1 hour of action, sucrose was added to a concentration of 60%, and then diluted to 20 volumes (50 mM NH4Cl, 20 mM CaC12, pH 9.0) in a buffer, and the supernatant was discarded by centrifugation to retain a precipitate.
  • a buffer 50 mM NH4C1, pH 9.0
  • the precipitate was resuspended in a ratio of resuspending 1 gram of the precipitate with 5 mL of desorption solution (50 mM NH4Cl, pH 9.0, 20 mM EDTA), and the supernatant was centrifuged.
  • the supernatant obtained by the above-mentioned supernatant is subjected to ammonium sulfate fractionation, and a 40%-70% portion of the precipitate is collected, re-dissolved, dialyzed, and filtered to remove insoluble matter; followed by Super Q-650M chromatography using initial buffer (50).
  • the experimental results show that the Annexin V variant binds more strongly to the SP column than the Membrane SV when purified on the SP column, and needs to be eluted with higher ionic strength.
  • This demonstrates from one side that the annexin V variant has stronger metal ion binding ability than annexin V; the annexin V variant binds more calcium ions to cause it to bind more strongly to the SP column, which The effectiveness of the Annexin V variant we designed was demonstrated from one side.
  • the annexin V variant was subjected to fluorescent chemical labeling or nuclear labeling.
  • the labeled annexin V variant can be used for monitoring apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.
  • Figure 1 SDS-PAGE analysis of recombinant expression plasmids of annexin V variants of the present invention. 1. Total protein of the cells after induction of expression; 2. Expression supernatant after disruption of the cells; 3. Expression and precipitation after disruption of the cells. Figure 2. SDS-PAGE analysis of the isolation and purification process of annexin V variants of the present invention.
  • 3A different concentrations (green: 0. 36 nM; pink: 0. 12 nM; blue: 0. 036nM) of recombinant annexin V variants for detection of apoptosis
  • 3B different concentrations (green: 0. 36 nM ; pink: 0. 12 nM; blue: 0. 036nM) recombinant annexin V variant detects apoptosis
  • 3C different concentrations of recombinant annexin V and recombinant annexin V variant detection cells Comparison of biological activities of apoptosis (green: 0. 36 nM; pink: 0. 12 nM; blue: 0. 036 nM). In the same color, the peak height probe is a FITC-Annexin V variant.
  • Upstream primer 5'- gttccatgggcgcacaggttctcagaggca-3 ';
  • swim bow I 5 ' -tccgctcgagttagcagtcatcttctccacag agca-3 '.
  • the PCR reaction conditions were as follows: after pre-denaturation at 94 ° C for 5 minutes, 30 cycles of amplification at 94 ° C for 30 seconds, 58 ° C for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C for 30 seconds were performed, and after 72 minutes at 72 ° C, the reaction was carried out for 7 minutes. Store at 4 ° C.
  • PCR electrophoresis recovery product is ligated to the cloning vector and transformed into E. coli competent cell ToplO for culture;
  • Restriction enzyme Nco I and Xho I respectively double enzyme digestion c step recovery product and expression vector pET28a, Back The pET28a vector fragment obtained after harvesting and the human annexin V variant DNA fragment were mixed at a ratio of 1:20, ligated with T4 DNA ligase, transformed into E. coli ToplO competent bacteria, and screened for positive clones for restriction enzyme digestion and DNA. Sequencing analysis verified the correctness of the coding sequence.
  • Fig. 1 1: Total protein of the cells after induction of expression; 2: Expression supernatant after disruption of the cells; 3: Expression of precipitate after disruption of the cells.
  • the expression level of the annexin V variant was 35.4% of the total bacterial protein, and most of it was present in soluble form.
  • the plasmid pET28a-His-FADD and pET28a-His-FADD were transformed into the host strain E. coli BL21 (DE3), grown on LB agar plates containing kanamycin, and grown at 37 ° C for 16 hours. After that, the monoclonal seed was picked and inoculated into fresh LB liquid medium (containing 50 mg/L kanamycin), and shaken at 37 ° C with shaking shaker. The OD 600 value of the culture medium was about 0.6, and the shaker temperature was lowered. Incubation was continued for half an hour at 25 ° C, and the expression of the protein of interest was induced by the addition of IPTG at a final concentration of 0.4 mM. After continuing to shake culture at 25 ° C for 5 hours, the cells were collected by centrifugation.
  • step f The bacterial solution collected in step f was resuspended in a ratio of 1 g of wet bacteria in 5 mL of buffer (50 mM NH4Cl, pH 9.0), and the cells were treated with lysozyme. After 1 hour, sucrose was added. The concentration was 60%, then diluted to 20 volumes (50 mM NH4Cl, 20 mM CaC12, pH 9.0) buffer, the supernatant was removed by centrifugation, and the precipitate was retained.
  • buffer 50 mM NH4Cl, pH 9.0
  • the precipitate was resuspended in a ratio of 1 gram of resuspended with 5 mL of desorbed solution (50 mM NH4Cl, pH 9.0, 20 mM EDTA), and the supernatant was centrifuged. The supernatant obtained above was subjected to ammonium sulfate fractionation, and a 40% to 70% portion of the precipitate was collected, re-dissolved, dialyzed, and filtered to remove insolubles.
  • desorbed solution 50 mM NH4Cl, pH 9.0, 20 mM EDTA
  • Annexin V variant having a purity of more than 97% was obtained by the above purification method, and each membrane of the fermentation broth was purified to obtain an annexin V variant of 110 mg or more.
  • Annexin V variants can remove almost all of the hybrid proteins through the highly complementary purification methods of Super Q column and SP column. The experimental results also show that after these two purifications, the protein purity has been More than 97%.
  • a solution containing 3 mg of annexin V and Annexin V variant was placed in an ultrafiltration tube with a molecular weight cutoff of 10 KDa, and ultrafiltration, centrifugation, and supernatant were performed using a 0.1 M sodium bicarbonate solution at pH 9.0. Then add sodium bicarbonate solution, repeat three times, measure the protein concentration, the final concentration should be about 5 mg / ml, take 200 ⁇ before the reaction, place it in the cell cryotube and stir.
  • Human lung cancer A549 ( 1. 5X10 5 ) cells were treated with recombinant human TRAIL at a final concentration of 100 ng/ml for 6 hours, and the cells were collected by trypsin digestion, centrifugation at 800 rpm for 5 minutes at 4 ° C, and each sample was added with 400 ⁇ l of each. 0. 36 ⁇ , 0. 12 ⁇ , 0. 036 ⁇ FITC-labeled recombinant annexin V or annexin V variant, apoptosis was detected on a flow cytometer. Each of the recombinant Annexin V or Annexin V variant concentrations was repeated for 3 experiments with unlabeled cell samples as controls.
  • 3A Recombinant Annexin V variants with different concentrations (green: 0.36 nM ; pink: 0. 12 nM; blue: 0. 036 nM) for apoptosis
  • 3B Recombinant Annexin V variants with different concentrations (green: 0. 36 nM; pink: 0. 12 nM; blue: 0. 036 ⁇ ) detect apoptosis
  • 3C different concentrations of recombinant membrane Comparison of the biological activities of protein V and recombinant annexin V variants for detecting apoptosis (green: 0. 36 nM; pink: 0. 12 nM; blue: 0. 036 nM). In the same color, the peak height probe is a FITC-Annexin V variant.
  • the 99m Tc-Annexin V, 99m Tc-Annexin V variant was allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, respectively, and then the radiochemical purity was measured.
  • the ratio was 95%, and after 24 hours, the ratio was 65%; and after the 99m Tc-Annexin V variant was placed for 3 hours, the ratio was 98. %, after 24 hours of placement, the ratio is still greater than 90%. Therefore, Annexin V variants have better stability when labeled with nuclide.

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Description

膜联蛋白 V变体及其制备和应用
技术领域
本发明属基因工程生物技术领域, 涉及一种膜联蛋白 V变体和所述膜联蛋白 V变体的试 剂制备和药学用途。
背景技术
膜联蛋白 V (AnneXin V)属于膜联蛋白家族,此家族是一组进化上高度保守的、具有 Ca2+ 和磷脂结合特性的蛋白质。 它们在结构上具有同源性, 被认为是 Ca2+调节的膜结合组件。膜 联蛋白家族功能上的相同点在于: 在 Ca2+存在时, 对酸性磷脂分子有高亲合力。 人们在高等 和低等真核生物中都发现存在有膜联蛋白家族的成员。 膜联蛋白成员存在于很多不同的细胞 类型中, 它们的生化作用与免疫性质密切相关, 参与抗凝、 抗炎症过程, 特别是细胞复制、 分化及胞吐过程 (Iwasaki A , Suda M , Nakao H , et al. Biochem, 1987, 10:1261; Pollard H B, Haigler HT. Biol Chem, 1990, 265 :21207 )0 该家族成员的生物学功能还待进一步的研究。 尽管 人们对成员的体内功能仍不甚了解, 但普遍认为: 膜联蛋白与磷脂结合的活性是膜联蛋白家 族体外活性的基础, 并且与它们的生理性质紧密相关。
目前, 膜联蛋白 V的应用主要集中在凋亡的检测。 细胞凋亡 (Apoptosis) 又称程序性细 胞死亡 (Programmed Cell Death, PCD), 是细胞生命周期中的重要组成部分, 是不同于坏 死和意外死亡的由基因调控的细胞主动性死亡过程 (Cohen JJ, Immunol Today, 1993, 14(3): 126-130 细胞凋亡是生物体调节和维持机体相对平衡的重要方式, 它也与多种疾病病 理过程密切相关, 在肿瘤的发生发展及放化疗、 脑和心肌细胞缺血再灌注损伤和器官移植中 的排斥反应等过程中, 均可发现细胞凋亡现象及其变化。 细胞凋亡是细胞主动参与的自身程 序性死亡过程, 涉及一系列生物分子及细胞形态学的改变, 当细胞发生凋亡时, 磷脂酰丝氨 酸 (PS ) 会发生翻转而暴露在细胞膜外面 (Fadok VA, Voelker DR, Campbell PA, Cohen JJ, Bratton DL, Henson PM. J Immunol, 1992, 148(7): 2207-2216), 是细胞凋亡早期事件, 发生 在凋亡细胞形态学改变之前(Narula J, Strauss HW, 2003 , J Nucl Med, 44(3):397-399), 也是凋 亡级联反应的初始事件, 作为凋亡细胞被吞噬细胞识别的标志, 从而进一步引起胞浆的皱缩、 染色质的浓集及核内 DNA降解等。 因此, 外翻的 PS是目前研究最多并最有希望和应用前景 的凋亡检测靶点,可早期检测凋亡,具有较高的时效性(Bold RJ, Termuhlen PM, McConkey DJ, Surg Oncol, 1997, 6(3):133-142 ), 国内外常利用同 PS特异性结合的药物来检测细胞凋亡。
由于对 PS具有特异的亲和性(Meers P, Mealy T. Biochemistry, 1993, 32(43): 11711-11721 ), 膜联蛋白 V可以特异性地结合到正处于凋亡过程中的细胞表面, 这样, 膜联蛋白 V可以用荧 光蛋白或者放射性物质标记后用于凋亡细胞的检测。 这种方法被广泛的应用于细胞分子生物 学以及免疫学研究 (Koopman G, Reutelingsperger C, Kuijten GA, et al. Blood , 1994, 84(5):1415-1420; Vermes I, Haanen C, SteVens-Nakken H, et al. J Immunol Methods, 1995, 184(1): 39-510; Zhang G, Gurtu V, Kain SR, et al. Biotechniques, 1997, 23(3): 525 - 531; Vriens PW, Blankenberg FG, Stoot JH, et al. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1998, 116(5): 844-853; Boldt A, Barten MJ, Weiss C, et al. Cytometry A, 2006, 69(3): 158-160)。 将膜联蛋白 V进行 荧光素 (如 FITC, PE等) 或生物素标记作为探针, 利用流式细胞仪或荧光显微镜检查细胞 凋亡现象, 是一种灵敏、 高效、 成熟的实验室检测方法。 但是对于临床标本, 除血液外, 需 要进行组织活检, 具有创伤性, 且在操作过程中也易引起凋亡的发生, 从而影响分析结果。 因此体内检测细胞凋亡需要探索新的方法。例如, 用放射性核素标记膜联蛋白 V行体内凋亡 显像, 实现细胞凋亡的活体无创显像, 以实时监测体内凋亡的发生, 这一类的凋亡显像在监 测活体细胞凋亡的领域取得了较大进展。 目前, 放射性物质标记的重组膜联蛋白 V在缺血性 损伤的评估、 异体移植排斥反应以及化疗药物对肿瘤治疗效果的评价等方面的应用正处于临 床试验阶段 (Watanabe H, Murata Y,Miura M, et al. Nucl Med Commun, 2006, 27(1): 81-89; Blankenberg FG, Kalinyak J, Liu L, et al. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2006, 14: 1-9)。
放射性碘 (*I) 标记蛋白多肽类, 虽然方法简便、 成熟, 可以保留其原有的生物活性, 但适 合体内显像的 1231和 1241供应比较困难。目前,以 99mTc标记膜联蛋白 V报道最多, 99mTc 的优点在于半衰期为 6小时, 可以及时显像, 又使病人受的剂量较小, 而且可以 ώ Μο/Tc发 生器方便的获得。 然而, 99mTc直接标记膜联蛋白 V比较困难, 标记率低, 且在标记过程中 会产生一些变性蛋白影响其在体内的放射性分布 (Takei T, Kuge Y, Zhao S, et al. J Nucl Med, 2004, 45(12):2083-2087 因此, 膜联蛋白 V的 99mTc标记以间接标记为主, 常用的双功能 鳌合剂有 N-1-亚氨基 -4-巯基丁基(Imino) (Kemerink GJ, Liem IH, Hofstra L, et al. J Nucl Med, 2001, 42(2):382-387)、 乙二胺半胱氨酸 (EC) (Yang DJ, Azhdarinia A, Wu P, et al. Cancer Biother Radiopharm, 2001, 16(l):73-83 )、二硫二氮(N2S2、又称 BTAP) (Kemerink GJ, Boersma HH, Thimister PW, et al. Eur J Nucl Med, 2001 , 28(9):1373-1378 )等, 以肼基烟酰胺(HYNIC ) 最为多见, 并已在临床试用 (Penn DL, Kim C, Zhang K, et al. Nucl Med Biol, 37(1):29-34; Rottey S, Siegers G, Van Belle S, et al. J Nucl Med, 2006, 47(11):1813-1818; Kartachova M, Haas RL, Olmos RA, et al. Radiother Oncol, 2004, 72(3):333-339; Kemerink GJ, Liu X, Kieffer D, et al. J Nucl Med, 2003 , 44(6):947-952)。利用不同双功能鳌合剂制备的标记物在体内的生物行 为有较大差异, 以 Imino结合 99mTc制备的标记物在肝、 肾和脾有较高摄取, 且在体内的生 物半衰期比较长;以 N2S2(BTAP)制备的标记物在肝、肾、脾及下腹均有较高的摄取;以 HYNIC 制备的标记物虽然不经肠道排泄, 而是经肾脏代谢, 在肾脏和肝脏有较高放射性摄取, 且其 在体内生物半衰期较长 (Boersma HH, Kietselaer BL, Stolk LM, et al. J Nucl Med, 2005, 46(12):2035-2050)。 另外, 这些间接标记方法复杂、 产物需纯化, 不易制成药盒, 临床使用 受到一定限制。
最近的研究揭示:膜联蛋白 V在基因重组表达中经结构修饰后可有利于用 99mTc直接进 行标记。 如张丽娜等人在膜联蛋白 V蛋白质的 N-端添加了 10个组氨酸 (Zhang LN, Yang X, Hua ZC, Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2000, 30(4):305-312)。 添加了 10个组 氨酸的膜联蛋白 V 蛋白质获得了很好的表达、 并且具有较好的体内外检测细胞凋亡的活性 (Zhang LN, Yang X, Hua ZC , Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2000, 30(4):305-312; Ye F, Fang W, Wang F, et al. Nuclear Medicine and Biology , doi:10.1016 /j.nucmedbio.2010.11.002; 郑玉民, 王自正, 颜珏等, 中华核医学杂志, 2008, 28(6):378-382; 宋丽萍, 华子春, 张欣等, 中国临床医学影像杂志, 2010, 21(1):53-55 ; 宋丽萍, 华子春, 张欣等, 中国临床医学影像杂志, 2010, 21(5):358-360) o Tait JF等在 N-端添加了 7个氨基酸, 其中含 1_2个半胱氨酸残基, 得到的三种突变体, 分别命名为: 膜联蛋白 V-116, 膜联蛋白 V-117 和膜联蛋白 V-118 (Tait JF, Brown DS, Gibson DF, et al. Bioconjug Chem, 2000, 11(6):918-925; Tait JF, Smith C, Gibson DF, Bioconjug Chem, 2002, 13(5):1119-1123 ) , 它们 与膜的结合活性跟天然膜联蛋白 V相一致,并且与 99mTc-HYNIC-膜联蛋白 V有比较相似的 生物分布 (Tai JF, Brown BS, United States Patent US7,204,972B2 )。 三种膜联蛋白 V变体都 可在大肠杆菌细胞质中表达并被分离纯化, 产物得率为 10 mg /L (Tait JF, Brown DS, Gibson DF, et al. Bioconjug Chem, 2000, 11(6):918-925; Tait JF, Smith C, Gibson DF, Bioconjug Chem, 2002, 13(5):1119-1123 ; Tai JF, Brown BS, United States Patent US7,204,972B2 )。 但是, 重组 膜联蛋白 V在应用上存在着如下问题:
1 . 目前放射性物质标记的重组膜联蛋白 V存在着标记效率低的缺点。 同时, 由于标记率 低, 且在标记过程中会产生一些变性蛋白, 从而影响膜联蛋白 V在体内的放射性分布。 临床 实验也发现膜联蛋白 V主要分布于肾脏、 肝脏以及脾脏(Rottey S, Van den Bossche B, Siegers G, Van Belle S, van de Wiele C, Q. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging, 2009, 53(2): 127-32 )。
2. 重组膜联蛋白 V的生产方式产量偏低, 不符合实际应用的需用。 由于重组膜联蛋白 V 在大肠杆菌表达时经常以包涵体形式存在, 为此国外有学者探索用酵母表达重组膜联蛋白 V 来解决其在大肠杆菌中表达易形成包涵体的难题。即使国际膜联蛋白 V研究权威、美国 Tait JF 教授课题组在最新的研究工作及专利中在大肠杆菌表达并纯化了三种 N-端增加了 7个氨基酸 的重组膜联蛋白 V变体, 其产率也仅为 10 mg/L, 未能满足实际应用的需求。 其纯化过程包 括超声破碎、 细胞膜吸附和解离、 Mono Q离子交换层析 (洗脱溶液浓度: 0.22 M NaCl)、 超 滤和透析。 而本专利发明人在 10年前的前期研究中构建了一个添加了 10个组氨酸的膜联蛋 白 V, 其标记效率显著提高、且标记方法简易, 但其终产率仅为 7.4 mg/L (Zhang LN, Yang X, Hua ZC, Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2000, 30(4):305-312 ), 表达水平与得率 与美国 Tait JF教授课题组最近构建的三种 N-端增加了 7个氨基酸的重组膜联蛋白 V变体的 产率相近, 从而显示出: 重组膜联蛋白 V的生产存在着严重的瓶颈。
发明内容
为克服目前膜联蛋白 V 蛋白及其变体存在的生产及标记两方面的难题, 本发明的目的在 于提供一种膜联蛋白 V变体及其高水平地、 大量生产的制备方法, 及其在制备体内外细胞凋 亡检测的探针或诊断药物上的应用。
为达到上述目的, 本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的: 一种膜联蛋白 V变体, 是具有 序列表中序列 1氨基酸残疾序列的蛋白质, 或者是将序列 1中的氨基酸残基序列经过一个或 几个氨基酸残基的取代、 缺失或添加, 且具有与序列 1 的氨基酸残基序列相同活性的由序列 1衍生的蛋白质。
上述的膜联蛋白 V变体, 是在膜联蛋白 V的 C-末端添加一段具有柔性结构的、 不含支链 氨基酸的短肽, 其中, 短肽为 1-25氨基酸残基, 主要由甘氨酸、 丙氨酸、 丝氨酸等不含支链 的氨基酸组成, 并含有 1-3个半胱氨酸。
上述的膜联蛋白 V变体可以为在膜联蛋白 V的 C一末端添加一个半胱氨酸。
上述的膜联蛋白 V变体的制备方法, 按如下歩骤进行:
a. 利用计算机辅助分子设计, 在膜联蛋白 V晶体结构的基础上, 对膜联蛋白 V的 C一末 端添加氨基酸序列进行分子模建和设计;
b. 设计膜联蛋白 V蛋白编码序列的引物对, 以本实验室保持的人膜联蛋白 V基因为模 板进行 PCR扩增;
c PCR电泳回收产物与克隆载体连接并转入大肠杆菌感受态细胞 ToplO上进行培养; d. 用限制性内切酶 Nco l和 Xho l分别双酶切 c歩骤回收产物和表达载体 pET28a, 将得 到的两种目的基因片段用 T4 DNA连接酶连接, 转入大肠杆菌感受态细胞 ToplO进行培养并 筛选提取重组表达质粒;
e.将所提取的重组表达质粒转入大肠杆菌表达宿主菌 BL21 (DE3 )内,培养菌株得菌液, 用 IPTG诱导菌液, 收集菌种;
f. 将步骤 e获得的菌种进行扩大培养, 收集菌体;
g. 将菌体破碎、 裂解、 纯化, 收集纯化后的蛋白。
上述的膜联蛋白 V变体的制备方法, 所述引物对的核苷酸序列为:
上游引物: 5'- gtt cca tgg gcg cac agg ttc tea gag gca-3 ';
下游弓 I物: 5 '-tec get cga gtt age agt cat ctt etc cac aga gca-3 '。
上述的膜联蛋白 V变体的制备方法, 所述的歩骤 g中纯化的歩骤依次为沉淀解吸附、 硫 酸铵分级沉淀、 Super Q-650M层析和 SP层析。
上述的膜联蛋白 V 变体作为细胞凋亡探针的制备方法为进行荧光化学标记或者核素标 记。
上述的膜联蛋白 V变体作为细胞凋亡探针的应用为在制备细胞凋亡监测试剂、 疾病监测 药物中的应用。
制备方法包括利用计算机辅助分子设计、构建膜联蛋白 V变体, 在膜联蛋白 V的 C -端添 加含有一个或一个以上半胱氨酸的 1-25个氨基酸残基短肽;设计的膜联蛋白 V变体的基因的 获取; 构建重组质粒; 相应的重组基因工程表达; 以及膜联蛋白 V变体的分离纯化获取歩骤。 其中膜联蛋白 V变体的产率远远高于目前已报道的膜联蛋白 V及其变体的产率。
本发明公开的膜联蛋白 V变体在制备体内外细胞凋亡检测的探针或诊断药物上的应用通 过以下技术解决措施来进一歩实现: 将获取得到的膜联蛋白 V变体, 方便地进行荧光化学标 记或者核素标记, 从而应用于体内外细胞凋亡检测的探针或诊断药物的制备中。
在膜联蛋白 V变体计算机辅助分子设计中, 我们利用对膜联蛋白 V变体进行了结构模拟 和分子设计, 在膜联蛋白 V晶体结构的基础上, 对膜联蛋白 V的 C-末端添加氨基酸进行分 子模建和分子设计, 确定 C-末端能够添加的氨基酸长度。 在膜联蛋白 V的 C-末端加入半胱 氨酸残基的目的是利用半胱氨酸残基易于参与偶联反应、 具有对金属离子的亲和性等特点, 提高重组膜联蛋白 V的标记效率。 结果发现: 在计算机分子设计时计算的添加 25个氨基酸 短肽长度内, 只要短肽 ώ不含支链的、 柔性较大的氨基酸残基、 例如: 甘氨酸、 丙氨酸、 丝 氨酸等组成, 而且其中含有的半胱氨酸数不超过三个, 都不会对膜联蛋白 V的结构产生任何 影响; 而且在分子动力学所计算的不含支链、 柔性较大的 25个氨基酸短肽长度范围内, 短肽 长度越长, 对膜联蛋白 V的结构产生的扰动越小; 相对来说, 长度较短时可能对膜联蛋白 V 蛋白质的结构产生一定的影响, 从而可能导致影响膜联蛋白 V作为细胞凋亡探针识别凋亡细 胞的功能, 而且尽管增加半胱氨酸能够有助于膜联蛋白 V进行荧光基团或者核素标记, 但是 分子设计的结果显示: 半胱氨酸的数量应该控制在 1-3个范围内, 否则很可能会产生蛋白质 的聚合。
在上述分子设计的基础上, 我们首先选择了在膜联蛋白 V的 C-末端只添加 1个半胱氨酸 残基的设计方案, 因为计算机模拟显示: 此方案对膜联蛋白 V的 (荧光或者核素) 化学标记 影响最大,或者荧光 /核素化学标记后对于膜联蛋白 V的结构及其识别凋亡细胞的功能产生影 响的可能性最大。 其它设计方案都是距离膜联蛋白 V的分子表面有一段距离, 因此这种干扰 和影响要小很多。
我们同时尝试表达了膜联蛋白 V 的 C-末端添加了含有丙氨酸-甘氨酸-甘氨酸 -丝氨酸-丝 氨酸 -甘氨酸-甘氨酸-半胱氨酸的短肽的膜联蛋白 V 变体, 以及含有以上三个重复的甘氨酸- (丙氨酸 -甘氨酸-甘氨酸-丝氨酸 -丝氨酸-甘氨酸-甘氨酸 -半胱氨酸) 3的 25个氨基酸残基的膜 联蛋白 V变体, 都获得了相似的结果, 从而证明了计算机分子设计的正确性。 相形之下, 只 添加一个半胱氨酸的膜联蛋白 V 变体表达水平最高, 其它变体的表达水平略低, 但都在 60 mg/L以上。
所述的膜联蛋白 V变体的基因表达方法中 PCR反应条件为: 94 °C预变性 5分钟后进行 94 °C变性 30秒、 58°C复性 30秒、 72°C延伸 30秒的 30个循环的扩增, 72°C延伸 7分钟后保存 于 4°C。
进一歩地, 膜联蛋白 V变体的表达方法中重组表达质粒转化入大肠杆菌 BL21 (DE3 )宿 主菌后, 挑取单克隆于 37°C振荡培养过夜, 然后以 1 :100的体积接种于 LB培养液中, 37°C 培养 2小时至 OD600约为 0.6, 向菌液中加入诱导剂 IPTG至终浓度 0.5 mM, 37°C诱导表达 4小时, 收集菌体, 用 12% SDS-PAGE进行分析。 膜联蛋白 V变体在 10-40°C范围内其表达 水平和产率都没有显著变化。
进一步地, 膜联蛋白 V变体通过采用上歩所得菌体, 以 5 mL缓冲液 (50 mM NH4C1, pH9.0)悬浮 1克湿菌的比例重新悬浮菌体, 加入溶菌酶处理菌体, 作用 1小时后加入蔗糖至 浓度为 60%, 然后稀释到 20倍体积的 (50 mM NH4Cl, 20 mM CaC12, pH9.0) 缓冲液中, 离心弃去上清, 保留沉淀。 沉淀物用 5 mL解吸附液(50 mM NH4Cl, pH 9.0, 20 mM EDTA) 重新悬浮 1克沉淀的比例重新悬浮沉淀, 离心取上清。 再通过将上述获得的上清进行硫酸铵 分级沉淀,收集 40%-70%部分的沉淀,重新溶解后进行透析,过滤去除不溶物;之后进行 Super Q-650M层析,用初始缓冲液(50 mM NH4Cl,pH 9.0)平衡 Super Q-650M层析柱(日本 TOSOH 公司), 用洗脱缓冲液 (50 mM NH4Cl, pH 9.0, 200 mM NaCl) 洗脱, 收集洗脱峰; 将洗脱 峰继续进行 SP层析, 用初始缓冲液 (20 mM NH4Cl, 80 mM NaCl, 15 mM CaC12, pH 9.0) 平衡 SP层析柱, 用洗脱缓冲液(20 mM NH4Cl, 400 mM NaCl, pH 9.0)洗脱, 收集洗脱峰。 上述分离纯化方法可以使得产率达到 110 mg/L, 其纯度达到 97%以上。
在纯化过程中, 实验结果显示, 在 SP柱纯化时, 相对于膜联蛋 S V, 膜联蛋白 V变体与 SP柱结合得更为牢固, 需要用更高的离子强度才能被洗脱下来, 这从一个侧面说明膜联蛋白 V变体比膜联蛋白 V具有更强的金属离子结合能力;膜联蛋白 V变体结合了更多的钙离子才 导致其与 SP柱结合得更牢固, 这从一个侧面证明了我们设计的膜联蛋白 V变体的有效性。
进一歩地, 对膜联蛋白 V变体进行进行荧光化学标记或者核素标记。 得到标记的膜联蛋 白 V变体可以用于体内外细胞凋亡监测中。
我们将膜联蛋白 V和膜联蛋白 V变体分别进行 FITC荧光标记,然后用于检测细胞凋亡, 结果显示: FITC-膜联蛋白 V变体 (图 3A) 和 FITC-膜联蛋白 V (图 3B) 均能识别凋亡的细 胞, 而且具有剂量依赖关系。 但是与 FITC-膜联蛋白 V相比, 相同剂量的 FITC-膜联蛋白 V 变体信号更强, 这表明膜联蛋白 V变体标记 FITC的效率更高, 使得探针分子数相同的情况 下, 产生更高的荧光信号。
我们分别用核素标记 99mTc-膜联蛋白 V和标记 99mTc-膜联蛋白 V变体, 每种蛋白质的标 记重复三次, 膜联蛋白 V变体的标记效率非常稳定, 而膜联蛋白 V的标记效率则变动较大, 因此膜联蛋白 V变体更易于进行标记。此外, 99mTc-膜联蛋白 V放置 3小时后, 比放为 95%, 放置 24小时后, 比放为 65%; 而 99mTc-膜联蛋白 V变体放置 3小时后, 比放为 98%, 放置 24小时后, 比放仍大于 90%。 因此, 膜联蛋白 V变体核素标记时具有更好的稳定性。 我们将 核素标记 99mTc-膜联蛋白 V和标记 99mTc-膜联蛋白 V变体注射到动物体内, 它们都表现出相 同的组织分布和代谢特性, 因此都可以用来进行体内的显像检测。
本发明的有益效果: (1 ) 在己有的膜联蛋白 V的基础上进行 C-末端氨基酸序列的设计, 通过增加含有至少一个半胱氨酸的短肽序列变体的设计,与传统在膜联蛋白 V的 N-末端添加 氨基酸序列的方法相比更加能够在不影响其生物学功能活性的基础上提高标记效率, 同时采 用了先进的沉淀解吸、 硫酸铵分级沉淀、 Super Q-650M层析和 SP层析的步骤进行蛋白质的 分离纯化, 大大提高蛋白质的产量, 为传统方法产量的 10倍以上; (2 ) 膜联蛋白 V变体蛋 白纯度好、 产率高、 标记效率及稳定性高且不影响膜联蛋白 V变体的生物学功能, 适用于工 业化生产, 为进一步研究膜联蛋白 V变体及其在细胞凋亡监测试剂、 疾病监测药物等方面的 应用奠定了基础。
附图说明
图 1. 本发明实施例膜联蛋白 V变体重组表达菌的 SDS- PAGE分析。 1、诱导表达后的菌体总蛋白; 2、菌体破碎后的表达上清液; 3、菌体破碎后的表达沉淀。 图 2. 本发明实施例膜联蛋白 V变体分离纯化过程的 SDS-PAGE分析。
1、分子量标准品 (自上至下分别为: 116. 0、 66. 2、 45. 0、 35. 0、 25. 0、 18. 4、 14. 4 kDa) ; 2、解吸附产物; 3、 4、硫酸铵分级沉淀产物; 5、 Super Q-650M层析纯化样品; 6、 Super Q-650M 层析的穿过峰; 7、 Super Q-650M层析的洗脱峰; 8、 SP层析的纯化样品; 9、 SP层析的穿过 峰; 10、 SP层析的洗脱峰。
图 3. 本发明实施例重组膜联蛋白 V与重组膜联蛋白 V变体检测细胞凋亡的生物活性比 较。
3A、 不同浓度 (绿色: 0. 36 nM; 粉红色: 0. 12 nM; 蓝色: 0. 036nM) 的重组膜联蛋白 V 变体检测细胞凋亡; 3B、 不同浓度 (绿色: 0. 36 nM; 粉红色: 0. 12 nM; 蓝色: 0. 036nM) 的 重组膜联蛋白 V变体检测细胞凋亡; 3C、 不同浓度的重组膜联蛋白 V与重组膜联蛋白 V变体 检测细胞凋亡的生物活性比较 (绿色: 0. 36 nM; 粉红色: 0. 12 nM; 蓝色: 0. 036 nM ) 。 同 颜色时, 峰高的探针为 FITC-膜联蛋白 V变体。
具体实施方式
实施例
a. 膜联蛋白 V变体的结构模拟和分子设计- 在 SGI计算机工作站上, 利用 MSI公司的分子设计软件 (InsightII、 Discover等模块) , 在 膜联蛋白 V晶体结构的基础上, 对膜联蛋白 V的 c-末端添加氨基酸进行分子模建和分子设计, 确定 c-末端能够添加的氨基酸长度。并选择在膜联蛋白 V的 c-末端添加一个半胱氨酸的膜联蛋 白 V变体作为后续歩骤实施的基础。
b . 膜联蛋白 V变体蛋白质原核表达载体的构建- 根据已经公幵发表的膜联蛋白 V的基因序列设计和化学合成上下游引物, 以本实验室保存 的人膜联蛋白 V基因为模板, 用 PCR的方法扩增获得膜联蛋白 V变体的编码 DNA序列, 弓 I物对 的核苷酸序列为:
上游引物: 5'- gttccatgggcgcacaggttctcagaggca-3 ';
下、游弓 I物: 5 ' -tccgctcgagttagcagtcatcttctccacag agca-3 '。
PCR反应条件为: 94°C预变性 5分钟后进行 94°C变性 30秒、 58°C复性 30秒、 72°C延伸 30秒 的 30个循环的扩增, 72°C延伸 7分钟后保存于 4°C。
c. PCR电泳回收产物与克隆载体连接并转入大肠杆菌感受态细胞 ToplO上进行培养; d. 用限制性内切酶 Nco I和 Xho I分别双酶切 c步骤回收产物和表达载体 pET28a, 将回 收后获得的 pET28a载体片段和人膜联蛋白 V变体 DNA片段按 1: 20的比例混合,以 T4 DNA 连接酶进行连接, 转化大肠杆菌 ToplO感受态菌, 筛选阳性克隆进行酶切鉴定和 DNA测序 分析验证其编码序列的正确性。
e. 将所提取的重组表达质粒转入大肠杆菌表达宿主菌 BL21 (DE3) 内, 挑取单克隆于 37Ό振荡培养过夜, 然后以 1:100的体积接种于 LB培养液中, 37°C培养 2小时至 OD600约 为 0.6, 加入 IPTG至终浓度 0.5 mM, 37°C诱导表达 4小时, 收集菌体, 用 12% SDS-PAGE 进行分析。 分析结果如图 1所示: 1: 诱导表达后的菌体总蛋白; 2: 菌体破碎后的表达上清 液; 3: 菌体破碎后的表达沉淀。 膜联蛋白 V变体的表达水平为占菌体总蛋白的 35.4%, 且绝 大部分以可溶性形式存在。
f. 分别将质粒 pET28a-His-FADD与 pET28a-His-FADD (F25Y) 转化表达宿主菌 E. coli BL21(DE3), 生长于含有卡那霉素的 LB琼脂平板上, 37°C生长 16小时之后, 挑取单克隆接 种至新鲜的 LB液体培养基 (含 50 mg/L的卡那霉素), 37°C摇床振荡培养, 待培养液 OD600 值达到 0.6左右, 摇床温度降至 25°C继续培养半小时, 加入终浓度为 0.4 mM的 IPTG诱导 目的蛋白的表达。 在 25°C继续振荡培养 5小时后, 通过离心收集菌体。
g. 将步骤 f收集得到的菌液, 以 5 mL缓冲液 (50 mMNH4Cl, pH9.0) 悬浮 1克湿 菌的比例重新悬浮菌体, 加入溶菌酶处理菌体, 作用 1小时后加入蔗糖至浓度为 60%, 然后 稀释到 20倍体积的 (50 mM NH4Cl, 20 mM CaC12, pH9.0) 缓冲液中, 离心弃去上清, 保 留沉淀。 沉淀物用 5 mL解吸液 (50mMNH4Cl, pH9.0, 20 mM EDTA) 重新悬浮 1克沉淀 的比例重新悬浮沉淀, 离心取上清。 将上述获得的上清进行硫酸铵分级沉淀, 收集 40%-70% 部分的沉淀, 重新溶解后进行透析, 过滤去除不溶物。用初始缓冲液(50mMNH4Cl, pH 9.0) 平衡 Super Q-650M层析柱 ( H本 TOSOH公司) , 用洗脱缓冲液 (50 mM NH4C1, pH 9.0, 200 mMNaCl)洗脱,收集洗脱峰。用初始缓冲液(20 mMNH4Cl, 80 mM NaCl, 15 mM CaCl2, pH 9.0) 平衡 SP层析柱, 用洗脱缓冲液 (20 mMNH4Cl, 400 mM NaCl, pH 9.0) 洗脱, 收 集洗脱峰。 SDS-PAGE分析各收集液, 其结果如图 2所示: 1、 分子量标准品 (自上至下分别 为: 116.0、 66.2、 45.0、 35.0、 25.0、 18.4、 14.4kDa); 2、 解吸附产物; 3、 4、 硫酸铵分 级沉淀产物; 5、 Super Q-650M层析纯化样品; 6、 Super Q-650M层析的穿过峰; 7、 Super Q-650M 层析的洗脱峰; 8、 SP层析的纯化样品; 9、 SP层析的穿过峰; 10、 SP层析的洗脱峰。
经过上述纯化方法获得了纯度超过 97%的膜联蛋白 V变体,每升发酵液可纯化获得 110 mg以上的膜联蛋白 V变体。 膜联蛋白 V变体通过 Super Q柱和 SP柱这两种互补性极强的纯 化方式, 几乎可以除去全部的杂蛋白, 实验结果也显示, 经过这两歩纯化后, 蛋白纯度已经 超过 97%。
h. 膜联蛋白 V及膜联蛋白 V变体的 FITC荧光标记:
将含有 3 mg膜联蛋白 V及膜联蛋白 V变体的溶液放入截留分子量为 10 KDa的超滤管中, 使 用 pH9.0的 0.1 M碳酸氢钠溶液进行超滤、 离心、 倒上清, 再加入碳酸氢钠溶液, 重复三次, 测量蛋白浓度, 终浓度应为 5 mg/ml左右, 反应前取出 200 μΐ置于细胞冻存管, 搅拌。
使用 1 ml的 0.1 M碳酸氢钠 (pH9.0) 溶解 2 mg的 FITC, 在室温下迅速搅拌, 取出适量的 FITC溶液(使 FITC与蛋白的摩尔比在 60〜100: 1 ) , 缓慢地滴加到蛋白溶液中, 反应终体积不 得超过 250 μ1。 在室温下避光搅拌反应两个小时。 将反应液用超滤管, 对 PBS (ρΗ7.2 ) 溶液 超滤, 至滤过液中看不到淡绿色的 FITC分子为止, 产物应为黄橙色透明溶液。 得到的偶联物 用锡箔纸包好, 放入 -20度冰箱保存。
i. 重组膜联蛋白 V与重组膜联蛋白 V变体检测细胞凋亡的生物活性比较:
人肺癌 A549 ( 1. 5X105) 细胞经终浓度为 100ng/ml的重组人 TRAIL处理 6小时, 用胰蛋 白酶酶消化、 4°C800rpm离心 5分钟收集细胞, 每个样品分别加入 400 μ 1的含有 0. 36 ηΜ, 0. 12 η , 0. 036 ηΜ的 FITC标记的重组膜联蛋白 V或膜联蛋白 V变体, 在流式细胞仪上检测 细胞凋亡。 每个重组膜联蛋白 V或膜联蛋白 V变体浓度重复 3个实验, 以不标记的细胞样品 作为对照。 生物活性对比结果如图 3所示: 3A: 不同浓度(绿色: 0. 36 nM; 粉红色: 0. 12 nM; 蓝色: 0. 036 nM) 的重组膜联蛋白 V变体检测细胞凋亡; 3B: 不同浓度 (绿色: 0. 36 nM; 粉 红色: 0. 12 nM; 蓝色: 0. 036 ηΜ) 的重组膜联蛋白 V变体检测细胞凋亡; 3C: 不同浓度的重 组膜联蛋白 V与重组膜联蛋白 V变体检测细胞凋亡的生物活性比较(绿色: 0. 36 nM; 粉红色: 0. 12 nM; 蓝色: 0. 036 nM) 。 同颜色时, 峰高的探针为 FITC-膜联蛋白 V变体。
j . 膜联蛋白 V及膜联蛋白 V变体的核素标记:
取 SnCl2 3. 5 mg溶于 10 ml pH=7. 4的 PBS缓冲液中制成 0. 35 μ g/ml的 SnCl2溶液备用。 在室温下取 ΙΟΟ μ Ι ( 35 u g) SnCl2, 向其加入 0. 6 μ g/ μ 1的膜联蛋白 V及膜联蛋白 V变体各 20 μ 1, 轻摇 5分钟。 向其中加入体积小于 0. 1 ml , 放射量约 5 mci的 99Tcm04—溶液, 然后滴 入 ΙΟ μ Ι Vc 室温下静置 30 min, HPLC测定标记蛋白质的放化纯, 大于 95%方可应用。
k. 核素标记的重组膜联蛋白 V与重组膜联蛋白 V变体体外稳定性测定:
99mTc-膜联蛋白 V、 99mTc-膜联蛋白 V变体在室温下分别放置 1小时, 2小时, 3小时, 然后测定放化纯。 此外, 99mTc-膜联蛋白 V放置 3小时后, 比放为 95%, 放置 24小时后, 比 放为 65%; 而 99mTc-膜联蛋白 V变体放置 3小时后, 比放为 98%, 放置 24小时后, 比放仍 大于 90%。 因此, 膜联蛋白 V变体核素标记时具有更好的稳定性。 我们将核素标记 99mTc-膜 联蛋白 V和标记 99mTc-膜联蛋白 V变体注射到动物体内, 它们都表现出相同的组织分布和代 谢特性, 因此都可以用来进行体内的显像检测。
以上所述的具体实施例, 对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一歩详细说明, 所应理解的是, 以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 凡在本发明 的精神和原则之内, 所做的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之 内。

Claims

1、 一种膜联蛍臼 v变体, 具有序列表中序列 1氨基酸饯基序夕 ϋ的蛍曰质, 具狩扯 在于: 是序列 1中的氨基酸残基序列经过一个或几个氨基酸残基的取代、 缺失或添加, 且具有与序列 1的氨基酸残基序列相同活性的由序列 1衍生的蛋白质。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的膜联蛋白 V变体, 其特征是在膜联蛋白 V的 C-末端添加 一段具有柔性结构的、 不含支链氨基酸的短肽, 其中, 短肽为 1-25 氨基酸残基, 主要 由甘氨酸、 丙氨酸、 丝氨酸等不含支链的氨基酸组成, 并含有 1-3个半胱氨酸。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的膜联蛋白 V变体, 其特征在于膜联蛋白 V的 C一末端添 加一个半胱氨酸。
4、 一种上述膜联蛋白 V变体的制备方法, 其特征在于: 按如下步骤进行: a. 利用计算机辅助分子设计, 在膜联蛋白 V晶体结构的基础上, 对膜联蛋白 V的 C一末端添加氨基酸序列进行分子模建和设计;
b. 设计膜联蛋白 V蛋白编码序列的引物对, 以膜联蛋白 V基因为模板进行 PCR扩 增;
c PCR电泳回收产物与克隆载体连接并转入大肠杆菌感受态细胞 ToplO上进行培 养;
d. 用限制性内切酶 Nco I和 Xho I分别双酶切 c步骤回收产物和表达载体 pET28a, 将得到的两种目的基因片段用 T4 DNA连接酶连接,转入大肠杆菌感受态细胞 ToplO进 行培养并筛选提取重组表达质粒;
e.将所提取的重组表达质粒转入大肠杆菌表达宿主菌内,培养菌株得菌液,用 IPTG 诱导菌液, 收集菌种;
f. 将歩骤 e获得的菌种进行扩大培养, 收集菌体;
g. 将菌体破碎、 裂解、 纯化, 收集纯化后的蛋白。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的膜联蛋白 V变体的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述引物对 的核苷酸序列为:
上游引物: 5, - gtt cca tgg gcg cac agg ttc tea gag gca-3 ';
下游弓 I物: 5, -tec get cga gtt age agt cat ctt etc cac aga gca-3,。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的膜联蛋白 V变体的制备方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 g中纯 化的歩骤依次为沉淀解吸、 硫酸铵分级沉淀、 Super Q-650M层析和 SP层析。
7、 根据权利要求 4所述的膜联蛋白 V变体作为细胞凋亡探针的制备方法, 其特征 在于: 进行荧光化学标记或者核素标记。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的膜联蛋白 V变体作为细胞凋亡探针的应用, 其特征在于: 在制备细胞凋亡监测试剂、 疾病监测药物中的应用。
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