WO2012124387A1 - 磁性材料 - Google Patents
磁性材料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012124387A1 WO2012124387A1 PCT/JP2012/051863 JP2012051863W WO2012124387A1 WO 2012124387 A1 WO2012124387 A1 WO 2012124387A1 JP 2012051863 W JP2012051863 W JP 2012051863W WO 2012124387 A1 WO2012124387 A1 WO 2012124387A1
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- amorphous metal
- magnetic
- magnetic material
- magnet powder
- temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0273—Imparting anisotropy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
- C21D2201/03—Amorphous or microcrystalline structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnetic material.
- a nitrogen-based magnet for example, a magnet having an Sm—Fe—N-based composition
- a nitrogen-based magnet has a high potential and excellent magnetic properties, it is thermally unstable. Therefore, when it is sintered, the magnetic properties may deteriorate due to decomposition of components of the nitrogen-based magnet.
- a nitrogen-based magnet specifically, Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 is mixed with metallic glass, specifically, Nd 10 Fe 10 Al 10, and the mixture is heated and discharged with a discharge plasma sintering machine.
- Magnetic materials obtained by pressurization have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic material having excellent magnetic properties by simple manufacturing.
- the magnetic material of the present invention is a magnetic material using magnet powder and amorphous metal as raw materials, and the magnet powder is a neodymium-iron-boron magnet powder, and the amorphous metal Contains a rare earth element, iron and boron, and in the amorphous metal, the atomic ratio of the rare earth element is in the range of 22 to 44 atomic%, and the atomic ratio of the boron is in the range of 6 to 28 atomic%.
- the magnetic powder and the amorphous metal are mixed and at least 30 ° C. lower than the crystallization temperature (Tx) of the amorphous metal, or when the amorphous metal is metallic glass, its glass transition temperature ( It is characterized by being obtained by heating to a temperature of Tg) or higher.
- a magnetic anisotropic magnet powder is used as the magnet powder, and a mixture with the amorphous metal is subjected to a magnetic field press treatment.
- the magnetic material of the present invention high magnetic properties can be ensured by simple manufacturing.
- the magnetic material of the present invention is made from magnet powder and amorphous metal.
- Examples of the magnet powder include neodymium-iron-boron magnet powder.
- a neodymium-iron-boron (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “Nd—Fe—B”) magnet powder is a magnet powder containing neodymium, iron and boron and having a Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase as a main phase. And it does not restrict
- each of these elements may be partially substituted with other elements.
- Nd can be substituted with, for example, Dy (dysprosium), Tb (terbium), Pr (praseodymium), Y (yttrium), Sm (samarium), etc.
- a part of Fe can be replaced by, for example, Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), or the like.
- each of these elements is, for example, Ga (gallium), Zr (zirconium), Hf (hafnium), Al (aluminum), Cu (copper), Mn (manganese), Ti (titanium), Si (silicon), Nb (niobium), V (vanadium), Cr (chromium), Ge (germanium), Mo (molybdenum), In (indium), Sn (tin), Ta (tantalum), W (tungsten), Pb (lead), etc. Can be substituted.
- the element substitution ratio is not particularly limited, and is appropriately set according to the purpose and application.
- Such Nd—Fe—B magnet powder is not particularly limited and can be obtained by a known method.
- an Nd—Fe—B alloy is produced by a rapid solidification method, it is formed into a lump by a hot isostatic pressing method (HIP method), and the obtained lump is then converted into a known method.
- HIP method hot isostatic pressing method
- an Nd—Fe—B-based magnetic anisotropic magnet powder having fine crystals with a crystal grain size of 1 ⁇ m or less can be obtained by plastic working with the following.
- the Nd—Fe—B alloy is stored at 750 to 950 ° C. while absorbing hydrogen, and after the high-temperature hydrogen treatment step that causes normal structure transformation, the stored hydrogen is released to reverse structure.
- An Nd—Fe—B based magnetic anisotropic magnet powder can be obtained by a method of performing a dehydrogenation step that causes transformation (Hydrogenation Decomposition Decomposition Recombination Method, hereinafter referred to as HDDR method).
- the volume average particle diameter of the magnetic anisotropic magnet powder is, for example, 5 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 300 ⁇ m.
- volume average particle diameter of the magnetic anisotropic magnet powder is in the above range, the filling rate of the magnet powder can be improved and an excellent residual magnetic flux density can be ensured.
- examples of the Nd—Fe—B based magnet powder include Nd—Fe—B based nanocomposite magnet powder.
- the Nd—Fe—B-based nanocomposite magnet powder is, for example, a nanocomposite magnet powder having a Fe / Nd—Fe—B-based structure, and is not particularly limited.
- the Nd—Fe—B-based nanocomposite magnet powder can be manufactured by a rapid cooling method or the like. it can.
- a molten raw material alloy (Nd—Fe—B alloy) is first quenched to produce a rapidly solidified alloy.
- the obtained rapidly solidified alloy is heat-treated to disperse the hard magnetic phase and the fine crystals of the soft magnetic phase.
- an Nd—Fe—B-based nanocomposite magnet powder can be produced.
- the Nd—Fe—B nanocomposite magnet powder can be further pulverized and used as required.
- the Nd—Fe—B-based nanocomposite magnet powder is not limited to the above method, and can be produced by other known methods.
- Nd—Fe—B nanocomposite magnet powder examples include nanocomposite magnet powder of Fe and Nd 2 Fe 14 B (Curie point: 310 ° C.).
- the volume average particle diameter of the nanocomposite magnet powder is, for example, 5 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 300 ⁇ m.
- volume average particle diameter of the nanocomposite magnet powder is in the above range, the filling rate of the magnet powder can be improved, and an excellent residual magnetic flux density can be secured.
- the temperature at which the crystal is coarsened is, for example, 600 ° C. or more.
- magnet powder Nd—Fe—B-based magnet powders other than those described above, specifically, for example, a crystal grain size used as a raw material for magnetic isotropic magnet powders and sintered magnets. It is also possible to use magnet powder having a diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more.
- magnet powders can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the magnet powder is preferably an Nd—Fe—B magnet powder or an Nd—Fe—B nanocomposite magnet powder obtained by the HDDR method.
- the coercive force and the residual magnetic flux density can be improved.
- the residual magnetic flux density and the like can be improved.
- the amorphous metal contains rare earth elements, Fe (iron) and B (boron).
- a rare earth element is contained in order to cause magnetocrystalline anisotropy and improve its magnetic properties (for example, coercive force) during firing.
- rare earth elements include Sc (scandium), Y (yttrium), La (lanthanum), Ce (cerium), Pr (praseodymium), Nd (neodymium), Pm (promethium), Sm (samarium), Eu (europium).
- Light rare earth elements such as Gd (gadolinium), Tb (terbium), Dy (dysprosium), Ho (holmium), Er (erbium), Tm (thulium), Yb (ytterbium), Lu (lutetium), etc. Heavy rare earth elements.
- These rare earth elements can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- such an amorphous metal can express a sufficiently large coercive force after crystallization without necessarily including a heavy rare earth element.
- the rare earth element is preferably a light rare earth element, more preferably Nd (neodymium), Y (yttrium), and still more preferably Nd (neodymium).
- Nd neodymium
- the rare earth element is preferably a combination of Nd (neodymium) and Y (yttrium).
- the rare earth element contains Nd (neodymium) and Y (yttrium), the coercive force and residual magnetization of the magnetic material obtained using amorphous metal can be improved.
- the rare earth element contains Nd (neodymium) and Y (yttrium)
- the content ratio thereof is such that Nd (neodymium) is 65 to 95 atoms with respect to the total amount of Nd (neodymium) and Y (yttrium).
- % And Y (yttrium) is 5 to 35 atomic%.
- the atomic ratio of rare earth elements (the total amount when they are used together) is 22 to 44 atomic%, preferably 23 to 40 atomic%, more preferably 24 to 37 atomic%. It is a range.
- the crystallization temperature (Tx) of the amorphous metal may be increased, so that a magnetic material is manufactured by heat-treating the magnet powder and the amorphous metal as described later. In this case, there is a problem that the energy cost of the heat treatment is increased and the workability and productivity are lowered.
- the atomic ratio of the rare earth element is in the above range, the remanent magnetization and coercive force of the magnetic material obtained using the amorphous metal can be improved, and further, the crystallization temperature (Tx) of the amorphous metal. Therefore, as will be described later, a magnetic material can be manufactured at low cost and with good workability and productivity without heat treatment at a high temperature.
- Fe is an element that contributes to magnetism, and is contained to improve the magnetic properties (for example, residual magnetic flux density) of the magnetic material.
- the atomic ratio of Fe (iron) is, for example, in the range of 15 to 65 atomic%, preferably 20 to 60 atomic%, and more preferably 25 to 55 atomic%.
- the atomic ratio of Fe (iron) is less than the above lower limit, the residual magnetic flux density of the magnetic material after heat treatment (crystallization) described later may decrease.
- the atomic ratio of Fe (iron) exceeds the above upper limit, the coercivity of the magnetic material after heat treatment (crystallization) described later may be reduced.
- B boron
- the atomic ratio of B (boron) is in the range of 6 to 28 atomic%, preferably 12 to 28 atomic%, more preferably 15 to 25 atomic%.
- a crystal phase may be generated during quenching, which will be described later.
- a discharge plasma sintering method, a hot press method, or the like is used. In the case of manufacturing a molded body, moldability and workability may be reduced.
- the atomic ratio of B (boron) exceeds the above upper limit, the residual magnetic flux density of the magnetic material after heat treatment (crystallization) described later may be lowered.
- the amorphous metal preferably contains Co (cobalt).
- Co cobalt
- the amorphous metal In the amorphous metal, Co (cobalt) is contained in order to improve the magnetic properties of the magnetic material obtained by using the amorphous metal and to improve the handleability by preventing oxidation.
- the amorphous metal is a metallic glass as described later
- Co cobalt
- the metallic glass in a softened state (glass transition state) described later, and improves its moldability. Contained.
- the atomic ratio of Co (cobalt) is, for example, in the range of 1 to 50 atomic%, preferably 2 to 45 atomic%, more preferably 4 to 40 atomic%.
- the residual magnetic flux density of the magnetic material obtained using amorphous metal may be lowered.
- the atomic ratio of Co (cobalt) is preferably 1.5 or less, preferably 1.44 or less, more preferably 0.6 or less. Can be mentioned.
- the handleability can be improved, and if it is 0.6 or less, a large coercive force can be expressed by heat treatment. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.5, there is a problem that the cost is inferior.
- the amorphous metal further contains other elements such as Ti (titanium), Zr (zirconium), Hf (hafnium), V (vanadium), Nb (niobium), Ta (tantalum), Cr (additional elements).
- additive elements can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Preferred additive elements include Ti (titanium), Zr (zirconium), Nb (niobium), Cr (chromium), Ni (nickel), Cu (copper), Si (silicon), and Al (aluminum).
- the additive element is selected from the group consisting of Ti (titanium), Zr (zirconium), Nb (niobium), Cr (chromium), Ni (nickel), Cu (copper), Si (silicon), and Al (aluminum). If at least one kind is contained, the residual magnetic flux density and coercive force of the magnetic material can be improved.
- the atomic ratio of the additive element is, for example, 1 to 15 atomic%, preferably 1 to 10 atomic%. More preferably, it is 1 to 5 atomic%.
- the additive element is Al (aluminum) or Cu (copper).
- the amorphous metal contains Al (aluminum) and / or Cu (copper) as additive elements, the crystallization temperature (Tx) of the amorphous metal described later can be kept low.
- a magnetic material can be manufactured without heat treatment, that is, at low cost and with good workability and productivity.
- the amorphous metal is a metal glass described later, since the softening start temperature (glass transition temperature (Tg)) of the metal glass can be kept low, the formability can be further improved.
- glass transition temperature (Tg) glass transition temperature
- the atomic ratio of Al (aluminum) and Cu (copper) (the total amount thereof when used together) is, for example, 15 atomic% It is less than, preferably less than 5 atomic%, more preferably 3.5 atomic% or less, and further preferably 3 atomic% or less.
- the crystallization temperature (Tx) of the amorphous metal increases, which increases the cost of manufacturing the magnetic material, and decreases workability and productivity. There is a case to let you.
- the amorphous metal contains Cu (copper) as an additive element, it can be made into a metallic glass, and a wide supercooling region can be obtained.
- the total amount of atomic ratios of rare earth elements and Fe (iron) (and Co (cobalt) contained if necessary) is, for example, 65 to 94 atomic%, preferably 70 to 90 atoms. %, More preferably 72 to 85 atomic%.
- the formability and workability of the amorphous metal can be improved.
- the residual magnetic flux density and coercive force of the magnetic material after the heat treatment (crystallization) can be improved.
- an element excluding rare earth elements and Fe (iron) (and Co (cobalt) contained if necessary) (including B (boron) as an essential component) and an additive element (for example, Ti (titanium) as an optional component) ), Zr (zirconium), Nb (niobium), Cr (chromium), Ni (nickel), Cu (copper), Si (silicon), Al (aluminum), and the like. It is in the range of 6 atomic% or more, preferably 10 to 30 atomic%, more preferably 15 to 28 atomic%, and particularly preferably 15 to 25 atomic%.
- the formability and workability of the amorphous metal can be improved, and further, heat treatment (crystal The residual magnetic flux density and coercive force of the magnetic material after the formation can be improved.
- such an amorphous metal can precipitate a hard magnetic phase at a low temperature, and can exhibit a sufficiently large coercive force without necessarily containing a heavy rare earth element.
- An example of such an amorphous metal is an amorphous metal represented by the following formula (1).
- R 83-x Fex / 2 Co x / 2 Al 17-y B y (1)
- R represents a rare earth element. 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 83 and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 17.
- R represents the rare earth element described above (the same applies hereinafter).
- the range of x is 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 83, preferably 28 ⁇ x ⁇ 58, and more preferably 33 ⁇ x ⁇ 53.
- the value of x is in the above range, the formability and workability of the amorphous metal can be improved, and further, the residual magnetic flux density and coercive force of the magnetic material after heat treatment (crystallization) described later are improved. be able to.
- the range of y is 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 17, preferably 12 ⁇ y ⁇ 17, and more preferably 13.5 ⁇ y ⁇ 17.
- the formability and workability of the amorphous metal can be improved, and further, the residual magnetic flux density and coercive force of the magnetic material after heat treatment (crystallization) to be described later are improved. be able to.
- Such an amorphous metal is not particularly limited, and can be produced by a known method.
- first, simple powders, lumps, etc. of the above-mentioned respective elements (which may be partially alloyed if necessary) are prepared as raw material components, and these are set to the above atomic ratio. Mix like so.
- the obtained mixture of raw material components is dissolved in, for example, an inert gas (eg, nitrogen gas, argon gas) atmosphere.
- an inert gas eg, nitrogen gas, argon gas
- the method for dissolving the raw material components is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of dissolving each of the above elements, and examples thereof include arc melting.
- the obtained bulk alloy is pulverized by a known method to obtain alloy particles (particle size: 0.5 to 20 mm).
- the obtained alloy particles are melted to obtain a molten alloy.
- the method for melting the alloy granular material is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of melting the alloy granular material, and examples thereof include high-frequency induction heating.
- the obtained molten alloy is rapidly cooled by a known method such as a single roll method or a gas atomizing method to obtain an amorphous metal.
- the molten alloy is flowed down on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating cooling roll, and the molten alloy and the cooling roll are brought into contact with each other for a predetermined time to rapidly cool the molten alloy.
- the rapid cooling rate (cooling rate) of the molten alloy is, for example, 10 ⁇ 2 to 10 3 ° C./s.
- the rapid cooling rate (cooling rate) of the molten alloy is controlled, for example, by adjusting the rotational speed of the cooling roll.
- the rotation speed of the cooling roll is, for example, 1 to 60 m / s, preferably 20 to 50 m / s, and more preferably 30 to 40 m / s.
- a strip-shaped (including a thin film and a thick film) amorphous metal can be obtained on the outer peripheral surface of the cooling roll.
- the thickness of the obtained amorphous metal is, for example, 1 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
- a high-pressure injection gas for example, helium gas, argon gas, nitrogen gas, etc.
- a high-pressure injection gas for example, helium gas, argon gas, nitrogen gas, etc.
- powdered amorphous metal can be obtained by rapidly cooling the molten alloy.
- the volume average particle diameter of the obtained amorphous metal is, for example, 1 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the method for rapidly cooling the molten alloy is not limited to the single roll method and the gas atomizing method, and a known method can be employed. Preferably, a single roll method is employed.
- the crystallization temperature (Tx) of the amorphous metal (temperature at which crystallization starts) is, for example, 600 ° C. or less, preferably 550 ° C. or less, more preferably 500 ° C. or less.
- the crystallization temperature (Tx) of the amorphous metal can be measured by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), and is defined as a value measured at a heating rate of 40 ° C./min in the present invention.
- the lowest crystallization temperature (Tx) among the crystallization temperatures (Tx) is set as the crystallization temperature (Tx) of the amorphous metal.
- the amorphous metal obtained in this way contains metallic glass.
- Metallic glass is an amorphous alloy having a glass transition temperature (Tg) lower than the crystallization temperature (Tx), and has high formability.
- the softening start temperature (glass transition temperature (Tg)) is 600 degrees C or less, for example, Preferably, it is 500 degrees C or less, More preferably 450 ° C. or lower.
- the amorphous metal is not metallic glass, it may be softened by heating.
- the softening start temperature is, for example, 600 ° C. or lower, preferably 500 ° C. or lower, more preferably 450 ° C. or lower. It is.
- the softening start temperature of amorphous metal can be obtained by, for example, DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) or press displacement measurement of a discharge plasma sintering machine.
- amorphous metals can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- magnet powder and amorphous metal are mixed.
- the blending ratio of the magnet powder and the amorphous metal is, for example, 60 to 99 parts by weight, preferably 80 to 95 parts by weight of the magnet powder with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the magnet powder and the amorphous metal.
- the metal is, for example, 1 to 40 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 20 parts by mass.
- the mixing is not particularly limited as long as the magnet powder and the amorphous metal can be sufficiently mixed.
- a known mixing device such as a ball mill can be used.
- either a dry method or a wet method can be employed.
- magnet powder and amorphous metal are mixed in an inert gas (for example, nitrogen gas, argon gas, etc.) atmosphere.
- inert gas for example, nitrogen gas, argon gas, etc.
- magnet powder and amorphous metal are mixed in a solvent (for example, cyclohexane, acetone, ethanol, etc.).
- the mixing conditions are not particularly limited, but when a ball mill (capacity 0.3 L) is used, the rotation speed is, for example, 100 to 300 rpm, preferably 150 to 250 rpm, and the mixing time is, for example, 5 to 60 minutes, preferably 5 to 45 minutes.
- the mixture of the magnet powder and the amorphous metal is heated to a temperature lower by 30 ° C. than the crystallization temperature (Tx) of the amorphous metal, for example, while applying pressure.
- the mixture of the magnet powder and the amorphous metal can be heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) while being pressurized, for example.
- a mixture of magnet powder and amorphous metal is applied at a pressure of, for example, 20 to 1500 MPa, preferably 200 to 1000 MPa.
- the temperature is 30 ° C. lower than the crystallization temperature (Tx) of the amorphous metal or, if the amorphous metal is a metallic glass, the glass transition temperature (Tg) or more, preferably the crystallization temperature of the amorphous metal. (Tx) or more, specifically, for example, heating to 400 to 600 ° C., preferably 410 to 550 ° C.
- ⁇ / RTI> By such pressure heating molding, the amorphous metal is deformed, whereby a high-density magnetic material can be obtained. Furthermore, since an amorphous metal becomes a hard magnetic phase, a magnetic material containing a magnet powder and a hard magnetic phase generated from the amorphous metal can be obtained.
- the heating is not particularly limited, but for example, heating can be performed from room temperature at a constant temperature increase rate.
- the temperature increase rate is, for example, 10 to 200 ° C./min, preferably 20 to 100 ° C./min.
- a molded body of magnet powder and an amorphous metal or a hard magnetic phase generated from an amorphous metal may be heated at a high temperature using the image furnace or the like. It can also be held for a predetermined time under the conditions.
- the above-described pressure heating molding and the subsequent heat treatment can be performed in a magnetic field.
- a mixture of magnet powder and amorphous metal can be pressurized (magnetic field press treatment) in a magnetic field.
- a magnetic anisotropic magnet powder is used as the magnet powder
- a mixture of the magnet powder and the amorphous metal is subjected to magnetic field press treatment.
- the magnetic powder When pressed in a magnetic field, the magnetic powder can be oriented in a predetermined direction, so that the magnetic properties of the obtained magnetic material can be further improved.
- the applied magnetic field is 10 kOe or more, preferably 20 kOe or more, and the pressure condition is, for example, 30 to 2000 MPa, preferably 100 to 1000 MPa.
- the compact density (bulk density) of the magnetic material thus obtained is, for example, 6 to 7.5 g / cm 3 , and preferably 6.5 to 7.5 g / cm 3 .
- the magnetic flux density can be improved.
- a molded object density is computable by the Archimedes method, for example, following formula (2), for example.
- ⁇ m / V (2) (In the formula, ⁇ represents the density of the magnetic material (molded body density), m represents the mass of the magnetic material, and V represents the volume of the magnetic material.) And in the magnetic material obtained in this way, material deterioration caused by firing the magnet powder, more specifically, coarsening of the crystal is suppressed, and in the gap (void) of the magnet powder, A hard magnetic phase generated from an amorphous metal having excellent magnetic properties is filled.
- the atomic ratio of the rare earth element in the amorphous metal is in the range of 22 to 44 atomic%, the crystallization temperature (Tx) is kept low, that is, without heat treatment at a high temperature, that is, Therefore, a magnetic material can be manufactured at low cost and with good workability and productivity. Furthermore, since the magnetic properties of the hard magnetic phase generated from the amorphous metal are high, a magnetic material having high magnetic properties can be produced.
- an amorphous metal other than the above composition for example, Nd 60 Fe 30 Al 10 or the like
- an amorphous metal has insufficient magnetic properties and is thus obtained.
- the magnetic properties of the magnetic material may be inferior.
- the magnetic material of the present invention is obtained by mixing the above amorphous metal and magnet powder and heating to a temperature equal to or higher than the deformation start temperature of the amorphous metal, it can have excellent magnetic properties. .
- alloy particles particle size: 0.5 to 10 mm.
- the obtained alloy granular material is melted by high-frequency induction heating to obtain a molten alloy, and the obtained molten alloy is subjected to an outer periphery of a cooling roll having a rotational speed of 40 m / s in a single roll apparatus in an Ar atmosphere. It flowed down on the surface and cooled rapidly. Thereby, an amorphous metal was obtained.
- the obtained amorphous metal was pulverized with a planetary ball mill (LP-1 manufactured by Ito Seisakusho) or a mortar.
- a planetary ball mill LP-1 manufactured by Ito Seisakusho
- a powder having a volume average particle diameter of 1.5 ⁇ m was obtained, and in the case of a mortar, a powder having a volume average particle diameter of 20 ⁇ m was obtained.
- Nd 60 Fe 30 Al 10 was produced by a gas atomizing method (injection gas: Ar) and then finely pulverized by a ball mill (LP-1 manufactured by Ito Seisakusho). Accordingly, the volume average particle diameter of 1 [mu] m, to obtain a powder of Nd 60 Fe 30 Al 10.
- DSC Denssion Chemical Vapor Deformation Method
- Tx crystallization temperature
- Table 2 shows the amorphous metal powder obtained in Production Example 1 and MFP-19 (trade name, Nd—Fe—B magnetic anisotropic magnet powder obtained by HDDR method, manufactured by Aichi Steel Corporation). By mixing in a mortar at the indicated ratio, a mixed powder of amorphous metal powder and magnet powder was obtained.
- Example 8 the magnetic material taken out from the discharge plasma sintering machine was heat-treated at 460 ° C. for 25 minutes in a vacuum in an image furnace.
- Comparative Example 1 a magnetic material was obtained without blending amorphous metal.
- Comparative Example 2 the glass was heated to a temperature (420 ° C.) 13 ° C. lower than the glass transition temperature (433 ° C.) of the amorphous metal.
- the density (molded body density) of each magnetic material obtained was calculated by the following formula (2).
- Table 3 shows the amorphous metal powder obtained in Production Example 2 and MFP-15 (trade name, Nd—Fe—B magnetic anisotropic magnet powder obtained by HDDR method, manufactured by Aichi Steel Corporation). By mixing in the ratio shown and mixing in a mortar, a mixed powder of amorphous metal powder and magnet powder was obtained.
- Comparative Example 4 the glass was heated to a temperature (420 ° C.) 11 ° C. lower than the glass transition temperature (431 ° C.) of the amorphous metal.
- Examples 23-29 By mixing the amorphous metal powder obtained in Production Examples 3 to 6 with MFP-15 or MFP-19 in the ratio shown in Table 4, and mixing in a mortar, the amorphous metal powder and the magnet powder are mixed. Of mixed powder was obtained.
- Example 30 and Comparative Example 6 Table 5 shows the amorphous metal powder obtained in Production Example 2 and MFP-15 (trade name, Nd—Fe—B magnetic anisotropic magnet powder obtained by HDDR method, manufactured by Aichi Steel Corporation). By mixing in the ratio shown and mixing in a mortar, a mixed powder of amorphous metal powder and magnet powder was obtained.
- Example 30 The magnetic properties of each magnetic material obtained in Example 30 and Comparative Example 6 at room temperature (22.5 to 22.6 ° C.), 100 ° C. and 150 ° C. were evaluated with a BH tracer (manufactured by Tamagawa Seisakusho). The results are shown in Table 9.
- Jmax maximum magnetization
- Br residual magnetic flux density
- bHc B coercive force
- iHc I coercive force
- BH maximum energy product
- the magnetic material of each Example obtained by heating to the above temperature is the maximum magnetization, residual magnetic flux density, coercive force (B coercive force) compared with the magnetic material of Comparative Example 5 in which other magnet powder and amorphous metal are used. , I coercive force) and maximum energy product.
- the magnetic material of Comparative Example 1 containing no amorphous metal has a coercive force (B coercive force, I coercive force) and a magnetic material of Examples 1 to 4 produced under the same conditions except that it contains an amorphous metal. It was inferior to the maximum energy product.
- the magnetic material of Comparative Example 3 containing no amorphous metal has a coercive force (B coercive force) compared to the magnetic materials of Examples 10 and 20 to 22 manufactured under the same conditions except that it contains an amorphous metal. Magnetic force, I coercive force) and maximum energy product.
- B coercive force coercive force
- Magnetic force, I coercive force maximum energy product.
- Heat treatment temperature The magnetic material of Comparative Example 2 heat-treated at a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the amorphous metal was the same as that of Examples 3 and 6 manufactured under the same conditions except that it was heat-treated at the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the amorphous metal or higher. Compared to the magnetic material, it was inferior in maximum magnetization, residual magnetic flux density, coercive force (B coercive force, I coercive force) and maximum energy product.
- the magnetic material of Comparative Example 4 that was heat-treated at a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the amorphous metal was manufactured under the same conditions except that it was heat-treated at or above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the amorphous metal.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the maximum magnetization, residual magnetic flux density, coercive force (B coercive force, I coercive force) and maximum energy product were inferior.
- Example 30 when an amorphous metal having no glass transition temperature (Tg) was used, heat treatment was performed at a temperature 30 ° C. lower than the crystallization temperature (Tx) of the amorphous metal. It was confirmed that a magnetic material having magnetic properties can be manufactured.
- Magnetic press treatment The magnetic material of Example 30 in which a mixture of magnetic anisotropic magnet powder and amorphous metal was subjected to magnetic field press treatment was the same as that of Example 16 manufactured under the same conditions except that magnetic field press treatment was not performed. Compared with the magnetic material of Comparative Example 6 manufactured under the same conditions except that was not used, the magnetic properties were excellent at room temperature.
- Example 30 had excellent magnetic properties even under high temperature environments such as 100 ° C. and 150 ° C.
- the magnetic material of the present invention is suitably used in, for example, a motor incorporated in various equipment such as a drive motor of a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle, for example, a compressor of an air conditioner.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
ナノコンポジット磁石粉末の体積平均粒子径は、例えば、5~500μm、好ましくは、10~300μmである。
(式中、Rは、希土類元素を示す。また、0<x<83であり、また、0<y≦17である。)
上記式(1)において、Rは、上記した希土類元素を示す(以下同様。)。
(式中、ρは磁性材料の密度(成形体密度)を、mは磁性材料の質量を、Vは磁性材料の体積を、それぞれ示す。)
そして、このようにして得られる磁性材料では、磁石粉末が焼成されることにより生じる材料劣化、より具体的には、結晶の粗大化などが抑制されるとともに、磁石粉末の隙間(空隙)に、磁気特性に優れるアモルファス金属から生成した硬磁性相が充填されている。
Nd(ネオジム)、Fe(鉄)、Co(コバルト)、B(ホウ素)、Cu(銅)の単体粉末または塊状物を、表1に示す配合割合で処方し、アーク溶解炉により、-4kPa(-30Torr)、Ar(アルゴン)雰囲気下で溶解させ、表1に示す組成比の合金(インゴット)を作製した。
ガスアトマイズ法(噴射ガス:Ar)によりNd60Fe30Al10を製造した後、ボールミル(伊藤製作所製 LP-1)により微粉砕した。これにより、体積平均粒子径1μmの、Nd60Fe30Al10の粉末を得た。
[評価]
DSC(示差走査熱量測定:SII社製、DSC6300)を用いて、各製造例において得られたアモルファス金属の結晶化温度(Tx)、および、アモルファス金属が金属ガラスである場合には、そのガラス遷移温度(Tg)を測定した。
製造例1において得られたアモルファス金属の粉末と、MFP-19(商品名、HDDR法により得られたNd-Fe-B系磁気異方性磁石粉末、愛知製鋼社製)とを、表2に示す割合で、乳鉢中において混合することにより、アモルファス金属の粉末と磁石粉末との混合粉末を得た。
(式中、ρは磁性材料の密度(成形体密度)を、mは磁性材料の質量を、Vは磁性材料の体積を、それぞれ示す。)
その結果を、表2に示す。
製造例2で得られたアモルファス金属の粉末と、MFP-15(商品名、HDDR法により得られたNd-Fe-B系磁気異方性磁石粉末、愛知製鋼社製)とを、表3に示す割合で混合し、乳鉢中において混合することにより、アモルファス金属の粉末と磁石粉末との混合粉末を得た。
製造例3~6で得られたアモルファス金属の粉末と、MFP-15またはMFP-19とを、表4に示す割合で混合し、乳鉢中において混合することにより、アモルファス金属の粉末と磁石粉末との混合粉末を得た。
製造例7において得られたNd60Fe30Al10の粉末と、Z16(磁石粉末、Sm-Fe-N系磁石(Sm2Fe17N3)、分解温度600℃、体積平均粒子径3μm、日亜化学工業社製)とを、それらの総量に対してNd60Fe30Al10が10質量%となるように配合し、窒素雰囲気下において、ボールミル(伊藤製作所製 LP-1 容量0.3L)によって、250rpmで30分間混合した。
製造例2で得られたアモルファス金属の粉末と、MFP-15(商品名、HDDR法により得られたNd-Fe-B系磁気異方性磁石粉末、愛知製鋼社製)とを、表5に示す割合で混合し、乳鉢中において混合することにより、アモルファス金属の粉末と磁石粉末との混合粉末を得た。
各実施例および各比較例(実施例30および比較例6を除く)により得られた各磁性材料について、VSM(玉川製作所製)にて減磁曲線を測定し、それらの磁気特性を評価した。その結果を表6~8に示す。
(考察)
[磁性材料]
ネオジム-鉄-ホウ素系磁石粉末である磁石粉末と、希土類元素、鉄およびホウ素を含有し、希土類元素の原子割合が、22~44原子%の範囲であり、ホウ素の原子割合が、6~28原子%の範囲であるアモルファス金属とを混合するとともに、アモルファス金属の結晶化温度(Tx)より30℃低い温度以上、または、アモルファス金属が金属ガラスである場合には、そのガラス遷移温度(Tg)以上の温度に加熱することにより得られる各実施例の磁性材料は、その他の磁石粉末およびアモルファス金属が用いられる比較例5の磁性材料に比べ、最大磁化、残留磁束密度、保磁力(B保磁力、I保磁力)および最大エネルギー積に優れていた。
[アモルファス金属]
アモルファス金属を含有していない比較例1の磁性材料は、アモルファス金属を含有する以外は同じ条件で製造した実施例1~4の磁性材料に比べ、保磁力(B保磁力、I保磁力)および最大エネルギー積に劣っていた。
[熱処理温度]
アモルファス金属のガラス遷移温度(Tg)よりも低い温度で熱処理した比較例2の磁性材料は、アモルファス金属のガラス遷移温度(Tg)以上で熱処理する以外は同じ条件で製造した実施例3および6の磁性材料に比べ、最大磁化、残留磁束密度、保磁力(B保磁力、I保磁力)および最大エネルギー積に劣っていた。
[磁場プレス処理]
磁気異方性磁石粉末とアモルファス金属との混合物が磁場プレス処理された実施例30の磁性材料は、磁場プレス処理されなかった以外は同条件で製造された実施例16の磁性材料や、アモルファス粉末を用いなかった以外は同条件で製造された比較例6の磁性材料に比べ、室温において、優れた磁気特性を備えていた。
Claims (2)
- 磁石粉末とアモルファス金属とを原料とする磁性材料であって、
前記磁石粉末が、ネオジム-鉄-ホウ素系磁石粉末であり、
前記アモルファス金属が、希土類元素、鉄およびホウ素を含有し、
前記アモルファス金属において、前記希土類元素の原子割合が、22~44原子%の範囲であり、前記ホウ素の原子割合が、6~28原子%の範囲であり、
前記磁石粉末と前記アモルファス金属とを混合するとともに、
前記アモルファス金属の結晶化温度(Tx)より30℃低い温度以上、または、アモルファス金属が金属ガラスである場合には、そのガラス遷移温度(Tg)以上の温度に加熱することにより得られることを特徴とする、磁性材料。 - 前記磁石粉末として、磁気異方性磁石粉末が用いられ、前記アモルファス金属との混合物が磁場プレス処理されていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の磁性材料。
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DE112012001234T DE112012001234T5 (de) | 2011-03-16 | 2012-01-27 | Magnetisches Material |
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CN103680793B (zh) * | 2013-12-19 | 2016-01-20 | 南京信息工程大学 | 一种含铑高磁能积功能材料及其制备方法 |
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JPS63232304A (ja) * | 1986-04-30 | 1988-09-28 | Tokin Corp | 耐酸化性に優れた永久磁石とその製造方法 |
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DE3783413T2 (de) * | 1986-09-16 | 1993-05-27 | Tokin Corp | Verfahren zur herstellung eines seltenerd-eisen-bor-dauermagneten mit hilfe eines abgeschreckten legierungspuders. |
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JP5335590B2 (ja) | 2009-07-16 | 2013-11-06 | ダイハツ工業株式会社 | 磁性材料 |
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JPS63232304A (ja) * | 1986-04-30 | 1988-09-28 | Tokin Corp | 耐酸化性に優れた永久磁石とその製造方法 |
JPS63254703A (ja) * | 1987-04-11 | 1988-10-21 | Tokin Corp | 耐酸化性に優れた希土類永久磁石の製造方法 |
JPH06260360A (ja) * | 1993-03-09 | 1994-09-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 希土類−鉄系磁石の製造方法 |
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WO2012032961A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-06 | 2012-03-15 | ダイハツ工業株式会社 | 磁性材料およびその製造方法 |
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