WO2012105439A1 - Matériau actif d'électrode, électrode et batterie secondaire - Google Patents

Matériau actif d'électrode, électrode et batterie secondaire Download PDF

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WO2012105439A1
WO2012105439A1 PCT/JP2012/051781 JP2012051781W WO2012105439A1 WO 2012105439 A1 WO2012105439 A1 WO 2012105439A1 JP 2012051781 W JP2012051781 W JP 2012051781W WO 2012105439 A1 WO2012105439 A1 WO 2012105439A1
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substituted
unsubstituted
group
active material
electrode active
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PCT/JP2012/051781
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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佐藤　正春
尾上　智章
英久 目代
鋤柄　宜
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株式会社 村田製作所
本田技研工業株式会社
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Publication of WO2012105439A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012105439A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
    • C07C255/01—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C255/32—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C255/34—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring with cyano groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by unsaturated carbon chains
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C391/00—Compounds containing selenium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D285/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D275/00 - C07D283/00
    • C07D285/01—Five-membered rings
    • C07D285/02—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles
    • C07D285/04—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles not condensed with other rings
    • C07D285/06—1,2,3-Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,3-thiadiazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrode active material, an electrode, and a secondary battery, and more particularly to an electrode active material that repeatedly charges and discharges using a battery electrode reaction, an electrode using the electrode active material, and a secondary battery.
  • cordless power supplies for these electronic devices have a high energy density and high output, and long-life secondary batteries are expected.
  • lithium ion secondary batteries using an alkali metal ion such as lithium ion as a charge carrier and utilizing an electrochemical reaction accompanying the charge transfer have been developed.
  • lithium ion secondary batteries have a high energy density and are becoming widespread as in-vehicle batteries.
  • the electrode active material is a substance that directly contributes to the battery electrode reaction such as the charge reaction and the discharge reaction, and has the central role of the secondary battery. That is, the battery electrode reaction is a reaction that occurs with the transfer of electrons by applying a voltage to an electrode active material that is electrically connected to an electrode disposed in the electrolyte, and proceeds during charging and discharging of the battery. To do. Therefore, as described above, the electrode active material has a central role of the secondary battery in terms of system.
  • a lithium-containing transition metal oxide is used as a positive electrode active material
  • a carbon material is used as a negative electrode active material
  • an insertion reaction and a desorption reaction of lithium ions with respect to these electrode active materials are used. Charging / discharging.
  • the lithium ion secondary battery has a problem in that the speed of charging and discharging is limited because the movement of lithium ions in the positive electrode is rate limiting. That is, in the above-described lithium ion secondary battery, the migration rate of lithium ions in the transition metal oxide of the positive electrode is slower than that of the electrolyte and the negative electrode, and therefore the battery reaction rate at the positive electrode becomes the rate-determining rate. As a result, there is a limit to increasing the output and shortening the charging time.
  • Patent Document 1 is known as a prior art document using an organic radical compound as an electrode active material.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a secondary battery active material using a nitroxyl radical compound, an oxy radical compound, and a nitrogen radical compound having a radical on a nitrogen atom.
  • the unpaired electrons that react are localized in the radical atoms, so that the concentration of the reaction site can be increased, and thus a high-capacity secondary battery can be realized. Further, since the reaction rate of radicals is high, it is considered that the charging time can be completed in a short time by performing charging / discharging utilizing a redox reaction of a stable radical.
  • Example using a highly stable nitroxyl radical as a radical is described, for example, the electrode layer containing a nitronyl nitroxide compound is used as a positive electrode, and lithium bonding copper foil is used as a negative electrode.
  • the electrode layer containing a nitronyl nitroxide compound is used as a positive electrode
  • lithium bonding copper foil is used as a negative electrode.
  • Patent Documents 2 and 3 are known as prior art documents using an organic sulfur compound as an electrode active material.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a novel organic sulfur compound, which is a positive electrode material, has an SS bond in a charged state, and the SS bond is cleaved during discharge of the positive electrode to form an organic sulfur metal salt having a metal ion.
  • Metal-sulfur battery cells have been proposed.
  • disulfide compound a disulfide organic compound represented by the general formula (1 ′) (hereinafter referred to as “disulfide compound”) is used as the organic sulfur compound.
  • R represents an aliphatic organic group or an aromatic organic group, and each includes the same or different cases.
  • the disulfide compound can undergo a two-electron reaction, and the S—S bond is cleaved in a reduced state (discharge state), thereby forming an organic thiolate (RS—).
  • This organic thiolate forms an S—S bond in the oxidized state (charged state) and is restored to the disulfide compound represented by the general formula (1 ′).
  • the disulfide compound forms an SS bond having a small binding energy, a reversible redox reaction occurs using the bond and cleavage by the reaction, and thus charge and discharge can be performed.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses the following formula (2 ′): -(NH-CS-CS-NH) (2 ')
  • a battery electrode comprising rubeanic acid or a rubeanic acid polymer that has a structural unit represented by the formula (II) and can be bonded to lithium ions has been proposed.
  • the rubeanic acid or rubeanic acid polymer containing the dithione structure represented by the general formula (2 ′) binds to lithium ions during reduction, and releases the bound lithium ions during oxidation. Charging / discharging can be performed by utilizing such a reversible oxidation-reduction reaction of rubeanic acid or rubeanic acid polymer.
  • Patent Document 3 when rubeanic acid is used as the positive electrode active material, a two-electron reaction is possible, and a secondary battery having a capacity density of 400 Ah / kg at room temperature is obtained.
  • Patent Document 4 is known as a prior art document using a quinone compound as an electrode active material.
  • Patent Document 4 proposes an electrode active material containing a specific phenanthrenequinone compound having two quinone groups in the ortho-positional relationship.
  • the specific phenanthrenequinone compound described in Patent Document 4 can cause a two-electron reaction peculiar to the quinone compound between the mobile carrier and a reversible oxidation-reduction reaction. Furthermore, the specific phenanthrenequinone compound is oligomerized or polymerized to achieve insolubilization in an organic solvent without causing a decrease in the number of reaction electrons due to repulsion between electrons. Patent Document 4 shows that the phenanthrenequinone dimer exhibits two oxidation-reduction voltages (around 2.9 V and around 2.5 V), and the initial discharge capacity reaches 200 Ah / kg.
  • JP 2004-207249 A paragraph numbers [0278] to [0282]
  • US Pat. No. 4,833,048 (Claim 1, column 5, line 20 to column 28)
  • JP 2008-147015 A (Claim 1, paragraph number [0011], FIG. 3, FIG. 5)
  • JP 2008-222559 A (Claim 4, paragraph numbers [0027] and [0033], FIGS. 1 and 3)
  • Patent Document 1 although an organic radical compound such as a nitroxyl radical compound is used as an electrode active material, the charge / discharge reaction is limited to a one-electron reaction involving only one electron. That is, in the case of an organic radical compound, when a multi-electron reaction involving two or more electrons is caused, the radical lacks stability and decomposes, and the radical disappears and the reversibility of the charge / discharge reaction is lost. . For this reason, the organic radical compound as in Patent Document 1 must be limited to a one-electron reaction, and it is difficult to realize a multi-electron reaction that can be expected to have a high capacity.
  • an organic radical compound such as a nitroxyl radical compound
  • Patent Document 2 a low-molecular disulfide compound in which two electrons are involved is used. However, since it repeatedly binds and cleaves with other molecules along with the charge / discharge reaction, it lacks stability, and charge / discharge reaction is not performed. If it is repeated, the capacity may decrease.
  • Patent Document 3 a rubeanic acid compound containing a dithione structure is used to cause a two-electron reaction.
  • a polymer compound such as a rubeanic acid polymer
  • an intermolecular interaction in the rubeanic acid polymer is performed.
  • a sufficient reaction rate could not be obtained.
  • it took a long time to charge since the movement of ions is hindered as described above, the proportion of active materials that can be effectively used is reduced, and thus it has been difficult to realize a secondary battery having a desired high output.
  • Patent Document 4 uses a phenanthrenequinone compound having two quinone groups in the ortho-positional position as an electrode active material, and thus is excellent in stability, but is synthesized because it is a condensed ring compound. Difficult and capacity density is small.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and can be charged in a short time, has a large energy density and high output, and an electrode active material having good cycle characteristics with little decrease in capacity even after repeated charge and discharge, It aims at providing the electrode and secondary battery which use this electrode active material.
  • the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies to achieve the above object.
  • the organic compound having a plurality of compounds can introduce a plurality of electrochemically active double bonds to increase the capacity density, and the intermolecular interaction is weakened by the steric bulk of the substituent.
  • the electrode active material according to the present invention is an electrode active material used as an active material of a secondary battery that repeats charge and discharge by a battery electrode reaction
  • the substituent Y is
  • R 1 to R 3 are each a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted Or an unsubstituted alkoxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted arylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted thioaryl group, Substituted or unsubstituted thioalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted formyl group, substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, substitute
  • the organic compound has the general formula
  • R 4 and R 5 are each a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted Or an unsubstituted alkoxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted arylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted thioaryl group, Substituted or unsubstituted thioalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted formyl group, substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, substitute
  • At least one of R 4 and R 5 is N—R ′ (where R ′ is one or more of hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups, aryl groups, and oxygen radicals). At least one or a combination thereof is preferred.
  • the organic compound has the general formula
  • R 6 and R 7 are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted Or an unsubstituted alkoxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted arylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted thioaryl group, Substituted or unsubstituted thioalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted formyl group, substituted or unsubstituted silyl group,
  • R 6 and R 7 include the same case, and include the case where they are connected to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.
  • Z is selected from CH 2 , CF 2 , O, S, SO 2 , Se, and N—R ′ (R ′ is selected from one or more hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups, aryl groups, and oxygen radicals) At least one kind or a combination thereof is shown.) At least one kind selected from the above or a combination thereof is shown.
  • At least one of R 6 and R 7 contains the NR ′.
  • the electrode according to the present invention is characterized by containing any of the electrode active materials described above and a conductive material.
  • any one of the electrode active materials described above is included in at least one of a reaction starting material, a product, and an intermediate product in a discharge reaction of the battery electrode reaction. It is a feature.
  • the secondary battery according to the present invention has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte, and the positive electrode contains any one of the electrode active materials described above.
  • the electrode of the present invention since it contains any of the electrode active materials and conductive materials described above, the charge / discharge efficiency is good, the battery can be charged in a short time, and the output is increased. Can be obtained.
  • any one of the electrode active materials described above is included in at least one of reaction starting materials, products, and intermediate products in the discharge reaction of the battery electrode reaction.
  • High energy density, quick charge, discharge at high output, rechargeable battery with good cycle characteristics with little capacity degradation even after repeated charge and discharge, and long battery life with stable battery characteristics It becomes.
  • the electrode active material is mainly composed of organic compounds, it is possible to obtain a secondary battery with low environmental impact and safety.
  • the organic compound since the organic compound has introduced a plurality of electrochemically active double bonds, it has high reactivity with cations such as lithium ions, has high charge / discharge efficiency, and high capacity density electrode activity. A substance can be obtained.
  • a secondary battery using such an electrode active material has a large energy density, can be discharged at a high output, has good cycle characteristics with little capacity decrease even after repeated charge and discharge, and has stable battery characteristics. It becomes possible to obtain a secondary battery with a long life.
  • R 1 to R 3 are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted Alkoxyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino group, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino group, substituted or unsubstituted thioaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted Substituted thioalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted formyl group, substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, substituted or unsubstituted boryl group,
  • R 4 and R 5 are each a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexane.
  • Alkyl group substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino group, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino group, substituted or unsubstituted Thioaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted thioalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted formyl group, substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, substituted or unsubstituted boryl group, substituted or unsubstituted Stannyl group, substituted or unsubstituted cyano group, substituted or unsubstituted nitro group, substituted or unsubstituted Represents at least one of an unsubstituted nitroso group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a
  • R 4 and R 5 is N—R ′ (R ′ represents at least one of one or more hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups, aryl groups, and oxygen radicals, or a combination thereof. It is preferable that the charging / discharging reaction is further promoted, charging can be performed in a short time, and discharging at a higher output is possible.
  • Chemical reaction formula (3) shows an example of a charge / discharge reaction expected when Li is used as the cation of the electrolyte salt.
  • R 6 and R 7 are each a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexane.
  • Alkyl group substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino group, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino group, substituted or unsubstituted Thioaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted thioalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted formyl group, substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, substituted or unsubstituted boryl group, substituted or unsubstituted Stannyl group, substituted or unsubstituted cyano group, substituted or unsubstituted nitro group, substituted or unsubstituted Represents at least one of an unsubstituted nitroso group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a
  • R 6 and R 7 include the same case and include the case where they are connected to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.
  • the linking group Z is CH 2 , CF 2 , O, S, SO 2 , Se, and N—R ′ (R ′ represents at least one of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, and an oxygen radical. .) Shows at least one selected from the above.
  • At least one of R 6 and R 7 contains the above-mentioned N—R ′, which promotes further progress of the charge / discharge reaction and enables discharge at a higher output.
  • the substituent Y belongs to the above category, one type of substituent Y may be used repeatedly, or two or more types of substituent Y may be used.
  • the chemical reaction formula (5) shows an example of a charge / discharge reaction expected when Li is used as a cation of an electrolyte salt.
  • organic compounds represented by chemical formulas (6a) to (6k) can be mentioned.
  • molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are not specifically limited.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a coin-type secondary battery as an embodiment of a secondary battery according to the present invention.
  • the electrode active material of the present invention is used as a positive electrode active material. ing.
  • the battery can 1 has a positive electrode case 2 and a negative electrode case 3, and both the positive electrode case 2 and the negative electrode case 3 are formed in a disk-like thin plate shape.
  • a positive electrode 4 in which a mixture containing a positive electrode active material (electrode active material) and a conductive auxiliary agent (conductive material) is formed into a sheet shape is disposed.
  • the negative electrode 6 for example, a stainless steel foil or a copper foil overlaid with a lithium metal foil, or a lithium foil occlusion material such as graphite or hard carbon applied to a copper foil can be used.
  • a negative electrode current collector 7 made of metal is laminated on the negative electrode 6, and a metal spring 8 is placed on the negative electrode current collector 7.
  • the electrolyte 9 is filled in the internal space, and the negative electrode case 3 is fixed to the positive electrode case 2 against the urging force of the metal spring 8 and sealed with a gasket 10.
  • an electrode active material is formed into an electrode shape.
  • the electrode active material is mixed with a conductive auxiliary agent and a binder, and a solvent is added to form a slurry.
  • the slurry is applied on the positive electrode current collector by an arbitrary coating method, and dried to obtain the positive electrode. Form.
  • the conductive auxiliary agent is not particularly limited, for example, carbonaceous fine particles such as graphite, carbon black, and acetylene black, vapor grown carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers such as carbon nanohorns, polyaniline, Conductive polymers such as polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyacetylene, and polyacene can be used. Further, two or more kinds of conductive assistants can be mixed and used.
  • the content of the conductive auxiliary agent in the positive electrode 4 is desirably 10 to 80% by mass.
  • the binder is not particularly limited, and various resins such as polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene oxide, carboxymethylcellulose, and the like can be used.
  • the solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include basic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ⁇ -butyrolactone, acetonitrile, Nonaqueous solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, nitrobenzene, and acetone, protic solvents such as methanol and ethanol, water, and the like can be used.
  • basic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ⁇ -butyrolactone
  • acetonitrile Nonaqueous solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, nitrobenzene, and acetone
  • protic solvents such as methanol and ethanol, water, and the like can be used.
  • the type of organic solvent, the compounding ratio of the organic compound and the organic solvent, the type of additive and the amount of the additive, and the like can be arbitrarily set in consideration of the required characteristics and productivity of the secondary battery.
  • the positive electrode 4 is impregnated into the electrolyte 9 so that the electrolyte 9 is impregnated with the positive electrode 4, and then the positive electrode 4 at the bottom center of the positive electrode case 2 constituting the positive electrode current collector is placed.
  • the separator 5 impregnated with the electrolyte 9 is laminated on the positive electrode 4, the negative electrode 6 and the negative electrode current collector 7 are sequentially laminated, and then the electrolyte 9 is injected into the internal space.
  • a metal spring 8 is placed on the negative electrode current collector 7, and a gasket 10 is arranged on the periphery, and the negative electrode case 3 is fixed to the positive electrode case 2 with a caulking machine or the like, and the outer casing is sealed.
  • a type secondary battery is produced.
  • the electrolyte 9 interposed between the negative electrode 6, which is a counter electrode of the positive electrode 4 and the positive electrode 4 performs a charge carrier transport between the electrodes, but as such a electrolyte 9, at room temperature for 10 -
  • Those having an ionic conductivity of 5 to 10 ⁇ 1 S / cm can be used.
  • an electrolytic solution in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved in an organic solvent can be used.
  • electrolyte salt for example, LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiC (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 3 or the like can be used.
  • organic solvent ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, sulfolane, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, etc. are used. be able to.
  • a solid electrolyte may be used as the electrolyte 9.
  • the polymer compound used in the solid electrolyte include polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-ethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-monofluoroethylene copolymer, and fluoride compound.
  • Vinylidene fluoride polymers such as vinylidene-trifluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer, and acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate copolymer Polymer, acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate copolymer, acrylonitrile-ethyl methacrylate copolymer, acrylonitrile-ethyl acrylate copolymer, acrylonitrile-methacrylic acid copolymer, acrylonitrile-acrylic Examples thereof include acrylonitrile polymers such as phosphoric acid copolymers, acrylonitrile-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyethylene oxide, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers, and polymers of these acrylates and methacrylates. it can. Further, these polymer compounds containing an electro
  • the electrode of the present invention contains the electrode active material and the conductive material described above, the charge / discharge efficiency is good, the battery can be charged in a short time, and the output can be increased.
  • the electrode active material of the secondary battery since the electrode active material of the secondary battery is reversibly oxidized or reduced by charge and discharge, it has a different structure and state in the charged state, the discharged state, or the state in the middle thereof.
  • the electrode active material is contained in at least one of a reaction starting material in a discharge reaction (a material that causes a chemical reaction in a battery electrode reaction), a product (a material resulting from a chemical reaction), and an intermediate product. .
  • a reaction starting material in a discharge reaction a material that causes a chemical reaction in a battery electrode reaction
  • a product a material resulting from a chemical reaction
  • an intermediate product a long-life secondary battery having a large energy density, capable of being charged quickly, capable of discharging at a high output, having good cycle characteristics with little decrease in capacity even after repeated charge and discharge, and having stable battery characteristics is obtained. It becomes possible.
  • the secondary battery of the present invention has at least two discharge voltages in the discharge reaction, thereby realizing a high-capacity density secondary battery across a plurality of voltages.
  • the electrode active material is mainly composed of organic compounds, it is possible to obtain a secondary battery with low environmental impact and safety.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the above-listed chemical formulas (6a) to (6k) are only examples of the organic compound that is the main component of the electrode active material, and the present invention is not limited thereto. That is, if the structural unit contains a pair of atomic groups in which a predetermined substituent Y that is sterically bulky is bonded to the specific element X, the battery electrode reaction represented by the chemical reaction formula (3) or (5) is performed. Since it progresses, it is possible to obtain a desired secondary battery having a large energy density and excellent stability.
  • the coin-type secondary battery has been described.
  • the battery shape is not particularly limited, and can be applied to a cylindrical type, a square type, a sheet type, and the like.
  • the exterior method is not particularly limited, and a metal case, mold resin, aluminum laminate film, or the like may be used.
  • the electrode active material is used as the positive electrode active material, but it is also useful to use it as the negative electrode active material.
  • Example shown below is an example and this invention is not limited to the following Example.
  • N, N-dimethylselenourea (6a ′) was dissolved in 50 mL of pure water.
  • an aqueous solution containing 0.47 g of succinyl chloride (6a ′′) was added dropwise with stirring. The stirring was continued for 1 hour, and N, N-dimethylselenourea (6a ′) and Succinyl chloride (6a ′′) was reacted to prepare Compound A.
  • the compound A thus obtained was washed and dried to obtain a light brown solid.
  • Compound A 300 mg as a positive electrode active material (electrode active material), graphite powder as a conductive auxiliary agent: 600 mg, and polytetrafluoroethylene as a binder: 100 mg were weighed and kneaded while mixing uniformly. Was made. Subsequently, this mixture was pressure-molded to obtain a sheet-like member having a thickness of about 150 ⁇ m. Thereafter, this sheet-like member was dried in a vacuum at 70 ° C. for 1 hour, and then punched into a circle having a diameter of 12 mm to produce a positive electrode containing Compound A.
  • the positive electrode was impregnated with the electrolytic solution, and the electrolytic solution was infiltrated into the voids in the positive electrode.
  • the electrolytic solution a mixed solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved in ethylene carbonate / diethyl carbonate as an organic solvent so that the molar concentration of LiPF 6 (electrolyte salt) was 1.0 mol / L was used.
  • this positive electrode was placed on a positive electrode current collector, and a separator having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m made of a polypropylene porous film impregnated with the electrolytic solution was further laminated on the positive electrode, and further a stainless steel current collector plate The negative electrode which stuck lithium on both surfaces was laminated
  • a coin-type battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound B was used as the positive electrode active material in place of the compound A in Example 1.
  • Compound C Dimethyl 1,2,5-thiadiazole-3,4-dicarboxylate (hereinafter referred to as “Compound C”) represented by the chemical formula (6d) was prepared.
  • Compound F 2- (4- (2,2-dicyanovinyl) benzylidene) malonitrile (hereinafter referred to as “Compound F”) represented by the chemical formula (6j) was prepared.
  • ⁇ ⁇ Realizes a stable secondary battery with high energy density, high output, good cycle characteristics with little decrease in capacity even after repeated charge and discharge.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Matériau actif d'électrode de structure de formule générale (I) or (II), X étant C, Si ou P; Y signifiant un groupe de substitution indiqué par (III-1) ou (III-2); Z désignant CH2, CF2, O, S, SO2, Se ou N-R' (R' étant un atome d'hydrogène, un groupe alkyle, un groupe aryle ou un radical oxygène); et R1-R7 représentant tout groupe de substitution. Le matériau actif d'électrode ainsi obtenu est apte à la recharge rapide, il présente une haute densité d'énergie, un rendement élevé et de bonnes caractéristiques de cycle, avec une baisse de capacité faible, même après des décharges répétées.
PCT/JP2012/051781 2011-02-01 2012-01-27 Matériau actif d'électrode, électrode et batterie secondaire WO2012105439A1 (fr)

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WO2013073413A1 (fr) * 2011-11-16 2013-05-23 株式会社村田製作所 Matériau actif d'électrode, électrode et batterie rechargeable
CN113140797A (zh) * 2021-04-25 2021-07-20 湖州师范学院 一种具有多腈类化合物的非水电解液及锂离子电池

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