WO2012102060A1 - 駆動システム及び駆動方法、露光装置及び露光方法、並びに駆動システム設計方法 - Google Patents
駆動システム及び駆動方法、露光装置及び露光方法、並びに駆動システム設計方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012102060A1 WO2012102060A1 PCT/JP2012/000548 JP2012000548W WO2012102060A1 WO 2012102060 A1 WO2012102060 A1 WO 2012102060A1 JP 2012000548 W JP2012000548 W JP 2012000548W WO 2012102060 A1 WO2012102060 A1 WO 2012102060A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70691—Handling of masks or workpieces
- G03F7/70775—Position control, e.g. interferometers or encoders for determining the stage position
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70691—Handling of masks or workpieces
- G03F7/70716—Stages
- G03F7/70725—Stages control
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70691—Handling of masks or workpieces
- G03F7/70733—Handling masks and workpieces, e.g. exchange of workpiece or mask, transport of workpiece or mask
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70691—Handling of masks or workpieces
- G03F7/70758—Drive means, e.g. actuators, motors for long- or short-stroke modules or fine or coarse driving
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a drive system and a drive method, an exposure apparatus and an exposure method, and a drive system design method, and in particular, a drive system and a drive method for driving an object to be controlled by giving an operation amount, an exposure apparatus including the drive system, and
- the present invention relates to an exposure method using the driving method and a driving system design method for designing the driving system.
- a step-and-repeat type projection exposure apparatus (so-called stepper) and a step-and-scan type projection exposure apparatus (so-called so-called stepper) are mainly used.
- Scanning steppers also called scanners) are used.
- exposure apparatuses liquid crystal exposure apparatuses
- scanning projection exposure apparatuses such as scanners have become mainstream as substrates become larger.
- An electronic device is manufactured by forming a plurality of layers on a substrate (glass plate, wafer, etc.). For this reason, the exposure apparatus is required to accurately superimpose and transfer the mask pattern onto the pattern already formed in each shot area on the substrate, that is, high overlay accuracy is required.
- a technique for accurately and stably driving the substrate stage that holds and moves the substrate is required.
- a substrate stage a gantry that includes a carriage that moves in the scanning direction of the substrate during scanning exposure, and a substrate table that is supported on the carriage and moves in the non-scanning direction while holding the substrate.
- the stage is mainly adopted.
- resonance occurs as an obstacle to high-precision and stable driving of the substrate stage.
- the resonance frequency (natural frequency) of the substrate stage has been reduced as the substrate stage has become larger.
- H ⁇ control theory As a theoretical framework for constructing a high-frequency control system including the resonance band of such a substrate stage and robust against fluctuations in the resonance frequency using a notch filter, H ⁇ control theory is representative.
- a stage control apparatus using advanced robust control theory is known (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- Advanced Robust Control Theory a sensor is added and the controlled object is a 1-input / multi-output system.
- the feedback controller is stable against the modeling error of the nominal model.
- the degree of freedom in design of the controller increases in accordance with the structure of the control target, the order of the weight function, and the like, so that the increase in bandwidth of the feedback controller and the robustness are in a trade-off relationship.
- a drive system for driving an object to be controlled by giving an operation amount, wherein the first control relating to the position of the first measurement point provided in the first part of the object to be controlled is provided.
- a first measuring instrument for measuring a quantity a second measuring instrument for measuring a second controlled variable related to the position of a second measurement point provided in the second part of the control object, and the first and second measurements.
- a control unit that performs a control calculation based on a measurement result of the measuring instrument and a target value to determine the operation amount, and provides the operation amount to an operation point provided in the control target, and the second portion includes: In a predetermined vibration state that appears when a rigid body is formed from the operation point to be controlled to the first measurement point, a drive system that is in an opposite phase relationship to the first part is provided.
- control amount related to the position refers to the case where the position itself is used as the control amount as well as the speed, acceleration, etc. obtained by differentiating the position.
- physical quantity related to the position is also used.
- the physical quantity includes the position itself as well as the quantity such as velocity and acceleration obtained by differentiating the position.
- expression of a quantity (control quantity or physical quantity) related to a position is used as a general term for a position or a quantity obtained by differentiating the position, such as velocity and acceleration.
- an exposure apparatus that exposes an object with an energy beam to form a pattern on the object, and controls the moving body that holds the object and moves on a predetermined plane.
- a first exposure apparatus including the drive system according to the first aspect is provided.
- an exposure apparatus that exposes an object through a mask with an energy beam, the driving of the first aspect in which a moving body that holds and moves the mask is the control target.
- a second exposure apparatus comprising the system is provided.
- the first control amount related to the position of the first part of the control target is measured, and the second control amount related to the position of the second part of the control target is measured.
- Performing a control calculation based on the measurement results of the first and second control amounts and the target value obtaining an operation amount, and providing the operation amount to the control target to drive the control target;
- the second portion has a phase opposite to that of the first portion in a predetermined vibration state that appears when a rigid body is formed from the operation point to be controlled to the first measurement point.
- an exposure method for exposing an object with an energy beam to form a pattern on the object wherein the object is held by the driving method according to the fourth aspect.
- a first exposure method including driving a moving body that moves above as a control target is provided.
- an exposure method for exposing an object through a mask with an energy beam wherein the moving body holding and moving the mask is controlled by the driving method according to the fourth aspect.
- a second exposure method is provided that includes driving as an object.
- a drive system design method for designing a drive system for driving a controlled object, wherein the first part and the second part of the controlled object whose vibration modes with respect to the rigid body mode are in opposite phases to each other.
- a drive system design method includes installing in a portion first and second measuring instruments for measuring a first control amount and a second control amount associated with each position.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B show transfer functions representing the input / output responses of the plate stage carriage and plate table in the feedback control system of the 1-input 2-output system according to the first embodiment, respectively. It is a Bode diagram showing frequency response characteristics.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram showing an example of a mechanical model expressing the mechanical motion (translational motion) of the plate stage
- FIG. 7B shows the mechanical parameters included in the mechanical model of FIG. It is a table.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are Bode diagrams showing frequency response characteristics of transfer functions of two controllers in a feedback control system of one input and two outputs.
- FIGS. 9A to 9C show the closed-loop transfer functions of the feedback control system of the 1-input 2-output system (SIMO system) and the 1-input 1-output system (SISO system) for the conditions A to C, respectively.
- SIMO system 1-input 2-output system
- SISO system 1-input 1-output system
- FIGS. 10A to 10C show respective open-loop transfer functions of the feedback control system of the 1-input 2-output system (SIMO system) and the 1-input 1-output system (SISO system) for the conditions A to C, respectively. It is a Bode diagram (simulation result) which shows the frequency response characteristic of.
- FIGS. 11A to 11C are Nyquist diagrams for the feedback control systems of the 1-input 2-output system (SIMO system) and the 1-input 1-output system (SISO system) for the conditions A to C, respectively. is there. 10 is a table showing gain margin (Gm) and phase margin (Pm) for conditions A to C.
- Gm gain margin
- Pm phase margin
- FIGS. 13A to 13C show the closed-loop transfer functions of the feedback control system of the 1-input 2-output system (SIMO system) and the 1-input 1-output system (SISO system) for the conditions A to C, respectively. It is a Bode diagram (experimental result) which shows a frequency response characteristic.
- FIGS. 14A to 14C show the open-loop transfer functions of the feedback control system of the 1-input 2-output system (SIMO system) and the 1-input 1-output system (SISO system) for the conditions A to C, respectively. It is a Bode diagram (experimental result) which shows the frequency response characteristic.
- FIG. 15A to 15C are Nyquist diagrams for the feedback control systems of the 1-input 2-output system (SIMO system) and the 1-input 1-output system (SISO system) for the conditions A to C, respectively. is there.
- FIG. 16A is a diagram showing the drive locus of the plate stage
- FIGS. 16B and 16C are diagrams showing the change over time of the tracking error of the plate stage. It is a block diagram showing the modification of the feedback control system of the 1 input 2 output system which concerns on 1st Embodiment.
- FIG. 18A is a diagram showing a general two-inertia dynamic model
- FIG. 18B is a table showing dynamic parameters included in the dynamic model of FIG. FIGS.
- 19A and 19B show transfer functions representing input / output responses of the carriage of the plate stage PST and the plate table in the feedback control system of the 1-input 2-output system according to the second embodiment, respectively. It is a Bode diagram which shows the frequency response characteristic. 20A and 20B are Bode diagrams showing frequency response characteristics of transfer functions of two controllers in the feedback control system of the 1-input 2-output system according to the second embodiment, respectively. . Bode diagram showing the frequency response characteristics of the closed-loop transfer function for each of the feedback control system of the 1-input 2-output system (SIMO system) according to the second embodiment and the conventional 1-input 1-output system (SISO system). ).
- SIMO system 1-input 2-output system
- SISO system conventional 1-input 1-output system
- Bode diagram (simulation) showing frequency response characteristics of an open loop transfer function for each of the feedback control system of the 1-input 2-output system (SIMO system) according to the second embodiment and the conventional 1-input 1-output system (SISO system). Result). It is a Nyquist diagram for each of a feedback control system of a 1-input 2-output system (SIMO system) and a conventional 1-input 1-output system (SISO system) according to the second embodiment. It is a table
- FIGS. 29A and 29B are views showing the configuration of a ball screw type plate stage according to the fourth embodiment. It is a block diagram showing the feedback control system of the 1 input 2 output system which concerns on 4th Embodiment.
- FIGS. 29A and 29B show the frequency response characteristics of the transfer function expressing the input / output response of the feed screw (and the rotary motor) and the plate table of the plate stage according to the fourth embodiment, respectively.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a configuration of an exposure apparatus 110 according to the first embodiment used for manufacturing a flat panel display such as a liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal panel).
- the exposure apparatus 110 moves a mask M on which a liquid crystal display element pattern is formed and a glass plate (hereinafter referred to as “plate”) P held by a plate stage PST to a projection optical system PL in a predetermined scanning direction (
- a scanning stepper scanner that relatively scans in the same direction at the same speed and transfers the pattern of the mask M onto the plate P along the X-axis direction in FIG. is there.
- the exposure apparatus 110 includes an illumination system IOP, a mask stage MST for holding a mask M, a projection optical system PL, a body (not shown) on which a mask stage MST and a projection optical system PL are mounted, a plate P via a plate holder PH.
- a holding plate stage PST, a control system thereof, and the like are provided.
- the control system is mainly configured by a main control device (not shown) that controls each component of the exposure apparatus 110 and a stage control device 50 (see FIG. 3 and the like) under its control.
- the direction in which the mask M and the plate P are relatively scanned with respect to the projection optical system PL at the time of exposure is defined as the X-axis direction (X direction), and the direction orthogonal to this in the horizontal plane is defined as the Y-axis direction (Y Direction), the direction orthogonal to the X axis and Y axis is the Z axis direction (Z direction), and the rotation (tilt) directions around the X axis, Y axis, and Z axis are the ⁇ x, ⁇ y, and ⁇ z directions, respectively.
- the illumination system IOP is configured similarly to the illumination system disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 5,729,331. That is, the illumination system IOP has a plurality of, for example, five illumination systems that illuminate each of a plurality of, for example, five illumination regions arranged in a staggered pattern on the mask M. Each illumination system has a light source (for example, not shown) The light emitted from the mercury lamp) is irradiated to the mask M as exposure illumination light (illumination light) IL through a reflection mirror, a dichroic mirror, a shutter, a wavelength selection filter, various lenses, and the like (not shown).
- the illumination light IL for example, light such as i-line (wavelength 365 nm), g-line (wavelength 436 nm), h-line (wavelength 405 nm), or the combined light of the i-line, g-line, and h-line is used. Further, the wavelength of the illumination light IL can be appropriately switched by a wavelength selection filter, for example, according to the required resolution.
- a mask M having a circuit pattern or the like formed on its pattern surface (the lower surface in FIG. 1) is fixed to the mask stage MST, for example, by vacuum suction (or electrostatic suction).
- the mask stage MST is mounted on a pair of mask stage guides (not shown) extending in the X-axis direction that is fixed to the upper surface of a lens barrel surface plate that is a part of a body (not shown), and a static gas bearing (not shown) (for example, It is supported in a non-contact state (floating support) via an air bearing.
- the mask stage MST is driven with a predetermined stroke in the scanning direction (X-axis direction) by a mask stage drive system MSD (not shown in FIG. 1, see FIG.
- Position information of the mask stage MST in the XY plane (including rotation information in the ⁇ z direction) is measured by the mask interferometer system 16.
- the mask interferometer system 16 measures the position of the mask stage MST by irradiating the length measurement beam to the movable mirror 15 fixed to the end of the mask stage MST and receiving the reflected light from the movable mirror 15.
- the measurement result is supplied to the stage control device 50 (see FIG. 3), and the stage control device 50 drives the mask stage MST via the mask stage drive system MSD based on the measurement result of the mask interferometer system 16.
- the end surface of the mask stage may be mirror-finished to form a reflective surface (corresponding to the reflective surface of the movable mirror).
- An encoder (or an encoder system composed of a plurality of encoders) may be used instead of the mask interferometer system 16 or together with the mask interferometer system 16.
- the projection optical system PL is supported by a part of the body (lens barrel surface plate) (not shown) below the mask stage MST in FIG.
- the projection optical system PL is configured similarly to the projection optical system disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 5,729,331. That is, the projection optical system PL includes a plurality of, for example, five projection optical systems (multi-lens projection optical systems) in which the projection areas of the pattern image of the mask M are arranged in a staggered manner corresponding to the plurality of illumination areas described above. And functions in the same manner as a projection optical system having a single rectangular image field whose longitudinal direction is the Y-axis direction.
- each of the plurality (five) of projection optical systems for example, an apparatus that forms an erect image with a double telecentric equal magnification system is used.
- a plurality of projection areas arranged in a staggered pattern in the projection optical system PL are collectively referred to as an exposure area.
- the illumination area on the mask M When the illumination area on the mask M is illuminated by the illumination light IL from the illumination system IOP, it passes through the mask M in which the first surface (object surface) of the projection optical system PL and the pattern surface are substantially aligned.
- a projection image (partial upright image) of the circuit pattern of the mask M in the illumination region is arranged on the second surface (image plane) side of the projection optical system PL via the projection optical system PL by the illumination light IL. It is formed in an irradiation area (exposure area) of illumination light IL conjugate to an illumination area on the plate P having a resist (sensitive agent) coated on the surface.
- the mask M is moved relative to the illumination area (illumination light IL) in the scanning direction (X-axis direction) by synchronously driving the mask stage MST and the plate stage PST (more precisely, a plate table PTB described later).
- the plate P by moving the plate P relative to the exposure area (illumination light IL) in the scanning direction (X-axis direction)
- scanning exposure of one shot area (partition area) on the plate P is performed.
- the pattern of the mask M is transferred to the shot area. That is, in this embodiment, the pattern of the mask M is generated on the plate P by the illumination system IOP and the projection optical system PL, and the pattern is formed on the plate P by exposure of the sensitive layer (resist layer) on the plate P by the illumination light IL. Is formed.
- the plate stage PST is disposed below the projection optical system PL ( ⁇ Z side).
- the plate stage PST includes a carriage 30 that moves in the X-axis direction (scanning direction), and a plate that is supported on the carriage 30 and holds the plate P and moves in the Y-axis direction (non-scanning direction, cross-scanning direction). And a table PTB.
- the plate stage PST plate interferometer system 18 (18X, 18Y, 18X 1 , 18X 2, see FIG. 3) with, in a perspective view.
- the plate table PTB is formed of a rectangular plate-like member in plan view, and a plate holder PH for adsorbing and holding the plate P (not shown in FIG. 2, refer to FIG. 1) is fixed to the center of the upper surface thereof.
- the plate table PTB is supported on the Y slider 32Y via a plurality of, for example, three support mechanisms (not shown).
- Each support mechanism includes an actuator (for example, a voice coil motor) that supports the plate table PTB and drives the plate table PTB in the Z-axis direction at the support point.
- the plate table PTB is finely driven on the Y slider 32Y in directions of three degrees of freedom (directions of Z axis, ⁇ x, and ⁇ y).
- the Y slider 32Y is a member having an inverted U-shaped XZ cross section, and is engaged from above with a Y beam (Y guide) 34Y extending in the Y-axis direction without contact via an air bearing (not shown) or the like. Yes. Inside the Y beam 34Y, for example, a plurality of coils are arranged at predetermined intervals in the Y-axis direction, and for example, a plurality of permanent magnets are arranged on the inner surface side of the Y slider 32Y.
- the Y beam 34Y and the Y slider 32Y constitute a moving magnet type Y linear motor 36Y that drives the Y slider 32Y as a mover in the Y-axis direction.
- the plate table PTB is driven in the Y-axis direction along the Y beam 34Y by the Y linear motor 36Y.
- the Y linear motor 36Y is not limited to a moving magnet type, and a moving coil type linear motor can also be used.
- X sliders 32X 1 and 32X 2 are fixed to the lower surface of one end and the other end of the Y beam 34Y in the longitudinal direction.
- X slider 32X 1, 32X 2 are each a member of the YZ cross-section is an inverted U-shape, Y-axis direction are spaced, and a pair of extending in the X-axis direction X guide 34X 1, a 34X 2 in a non-contact manner through an air bearing (not shown) or the like, engages from above.
- Each of the X guides 34X 1 and 34X 2 is installed on the floor surface F via a vibration isolation member (not shown).
- each of the X guides 34X 1 and 34X 2 for example, a plurality of coils are arranged at predetermined intervals in the X-axis direction, and a plurality of permanent magnets are arranged on the inner surfaces of the X sliders 32X 1 and 32X 2 , respectively.
- the X guide 34X 1 and the X slider 32X 1 constitute a moving magnet type X linear motor 36X 1 that drives the X slider 32X 1 as a mover in the X-axis direction.
- the X guide 34X 2 and the X slider 32X 2 constitute a moving magnet type X linear motor 36X 2 that drives the X slider 32X 2 as a mover in the X-axis direction.
- the carriage 30 (see FIG. 1) is configured to include the pair of X sliders 32X 1 and 32X 2 and the Y beam 34Y.
- the carriage 30 is driven by the pair of X linear motors 36X 1 and 36X 2 to generate X Driven in the axial direction.
- the pair of X linear motors 36X 1 and 36X 2 generate different thrusts (driving forces), so that the carriage 30 is driven in the ⁇ z direction by the pair of X linear motors 36X 1 and 36X 2 .
- the X linear motors 36X 1 and 36X 2 are not limited to the moving magnet type but may be a moving coil type linear motor.
- the above-described Y linear motor 36Y, a pair of X linear motors 36X 1 , 36X 2 , and three support mechanisms allow the plate table PTB to be moved in 6-degree-of-freedom directions (X axis, Y axis, Z axis).
- a plate stage drive system PSD (see FIG. 3) is configured to drive in the directions of the axes, ⁇ x, ⁇ y, and ⁇ z.
- the plate stage drive system PSD (components thereof) is controlled by the stage controller 50 (see FIG. 3).
- the upper surface of the plate table PTB has a movable mirror (planar mirror) 17X having a reflecting surface orthogonal to the X axis at the ⁇ X end and + Y end, respectively, and a reflecting surface orthogonal to the Y axis.
- a movable mirror (planar mirror) 17Y is fixed.
- X slider 32X 1 is a corner cube 17X 1, X on the upper surface of the slider 32X 2 corner cubes (not shown) are fixed respectively.
- Plate interferometer system 18 includes four interferometers 18X shown in FIG. 2, 18Y, the 18X 1 and 18X 2.
- the interferometer 18X irradiates the movable mirror 17X fixed to the plate table PTB with at least three length measuring beams parallel to the X axis, receives the respective reflected lights, and performs the X axis direction of the plate table PTB, ⁇ z The direction and the position in the ⁇ y direction are measured.
- the interferometer 18Y irradiates the movable mirror 17Y fixed to the plate table PTB with at least two length measuring beams parallel to the Y axis, receives the respective reflected lights, and performs the Y axis direction and ⁇ x of the plate table PTB. Measure the position of the direction.
- Interferometer 18X 1 irradiates parallel measurement beam in the X-axis corner cube 17X 1 which is fixed on the X slider 32X 1, the X-axis direction position of the carriage 30 receives the reflected light (X position ).
- the interferometer 18X 2 irradiates a length measuring beam parallel to the X axis in the X slider 32X 2 fixed corner cube on (not shown), X-axis direction of the carriage 30 receives the reflected light The position (X position) is measured.
- the measurement result of each interferometer of the plate interferometer system 18 is supplied to the stage controller 50 (see FIG. 3). Based on the measurement result of each interferometer of the plate interferometer system 18, the stage controller 50 supplies a plate stage drive system PSD (more precisely, a pair of X linear motors 36X 1 , 36X 2 and a Y linear motor 36Y). Then, the plate stage PST (plate table PTB) is driven in the XY plane. In the present embodiment, when X-axis direction of the drive of the plate stage PST (plate table PTB), as described later, the measurement result of the interferometer 18X, interferometers 18X 1 and 18X 2 in at least one of the measurement result and is used It is done.
- the stage control device 50 uses a plate stage drive system PSD (more precisely, three support mechanisms (not shown)) based on the detection result of a focus detection system (not shown) during exposure or the like.
- PSD plate stage drive system
- the table PTB is finely driven in at least one direction of the Z axis, ⁇ y, and ⁇ z.
- FIG. 3 shows the configuration of a control system related to the stage control of the exposure apparatus 110.
- the control system shown in FIG. 3 is mainly configured by a stage control device 50 including a microcomputer.
- a plurality of shot areas of the plate P are exposed by the following procedure based on the result of plate alignment measurement (for example, EGA) performed in advance. That is, in accordance with an instruction from a main controller (not shown), the stage controller 50 monitors the measurement results of the mask interferometer system 16 and the plate interferometer system 18, and performs the mask stage MST and the plate stage PST. It moves to each scanning start position (acceleration start position) for exposing one shot area on the plate P. Then, the stages MST and PST are synchronously driven in the same direction along the X-axis direction. As a result, the pattern of the mask M is transferred to one shot area on the plate P as described above.
- EGA plate alignment measurement
- the stage controller 50 finely adjusts the synchronous drive (relative position and relative speed) of the mask stage MST and the plate stage PST, for example, according to the correction parameter. Thereby, the projection image of the pattern of the mask M is aligned so as to overlap the pattern formed in the previous process layer.
- the stage controller 50 moves (steps) the plate stage PST to a scanning start position (acceleration start position) for exposing the next shot area. Then, scanning exposure is performed on the next shot area. In this manner, the pattern of the mask M is transferred to all the shot areas on the plate P by repeating the stepping between the shot areas of the plate P and the scanning exposure for the shot areas.
- a 1-input 1-output system (SISO system) feedback control system (closed loop control system) is constructed.
- this one-input one-output (SISO) feedback control system is applied to the exposure apparatus 110.
- the X position (control amount) of the plate stage PST (plate table PTB) to be controlled is measured by the interferometer 18X.
- the measurement result X is supplied to the stage control device 50.
- Stage controller 50 obtains the measurement result operation amount using the X U (driving force X linear motors 36X 1, 36X 2 emits F, or current amount I like to be supplied to the X linear motors 36X 1, 36X 2 coils)
- the obtained operation amount U is sent to the plate stage drive system PSD.
- the plate stage drive system PSD generates, for example, a drive force equal to the drive force F or a current equal to the current amount I through the coils of the X linear motors 36X 1 and 36X 2 according to the received operation amount U. Thereby, the plate stage PST is driven (controlled).
- FIG. 4 shows a transfer function P representing the input / output response (response of the control amount X to the operation amount U) of the plate stage PST (plate table PTB) in the feedback control system of the one-input one-output system (SISO system) described above.
- X / U Bode diagram (amplitude (gain)
- j ⁇ ( ⁇ 1)
- f is a frequency.
- the solid line indicates a theoretical result obtained based on, for example, a dynamic model described later, and the alternate long and short dash line indicates an experimental result (a result measured using an experimental machine).
- the transfer function P In the frequency response characteristics of the transfer function P, it can be confirmed that a resonance mode (resonance behavior) appears around 10 Hz.
- the transfer function P decreases its amplitude monotonously and keeps the phase constant as the frequency f increases. These represent a straight line with a downward slope and a straight line with no slope in the gain diagram and the phase diagram, respectively.
- the transfer function P rapidly increases and decreases in amplitude around 10 Hz, and rapidly decreases and increases in phase. These show a continuous peak and valley shape and valley shape in the gain diagram and the phase diagram, respectively.
- the transfer function P exhibits a resonance mode that is in reverse phase to the rigid body mode in the vicinity of several 10 Hz.
- the interferometer 18X 1 (second measuring instrument) is used to construct a feedback control system of a 1-input 2-output system (SIMO system).
- the X position of the carriage 30 can be measured by either of the interferometers 18X 1 and 18X 2 and can be obtained by averaging the measured values of both, but here, for convenience of explanation, the X position of the carriage 30 is obtained.
- position as the second measuring device which measures a it is assumed to use an interferometer 18X 1.
- the feedback control system of one-input two-output system (SIMO system), interferometers 18X, by 18X 1, respectively, the plate (first part of the control object) table PTB constituting the plate stage PST (controlled object) and the carriage 30
- the X positions (control amounts) X 1 and X 2 of the (second portion to be controlled) are measured. These measurement results (X 1 , X 2 ) are supplied to the stage controller 50.
- the stage control device 50 obtains the operation amount U (driving force F) using the measurement results (X 1 , X 2 ), and transmits the obtained operation amount U to the plate stage drive system PSD.
- the plate stage drive system PSD (X linear motors 36X 1 , 36X 2 ) applies a drive force equal to the drive force F to the carriage 30 (second portion) according to the received operation amount U (drive force F). As a result, the plate stage PST is driven.
- a diagram that is, a gain diagram (upper diagram) and a phase diagram (lower diagram) are shown.
- a Bode diagram showing a gain diagram (upper diagram) and a phase diagram (lower diagram) are shown.
- Frequency response characteristic of the transfer function P 1 relative to the plate table PTB shows a similar behavior as the frequency response characteristic of the aforementioned (FIG. 4). However, the frequency range in which the resonance behavior (resonance mode) appears is somewhat shifted to the higher frequency side.
- the transfer function P 2 rapidly decreases and increases its amplitude and rapidly increases and decreases its phase.
- a plate on which a first measuring instrument (interferometer 18X (moving mirror 17X)) is installed in constructing a feedback control system of a 1-input 2-output system (SIMO system).
- a second measuring instrument (interference) is provided on the second portion (carriage 30 (X slider 32X 1 )) of the plate stage PST that exhibits a resonance mode opposite to the resonance mode indicated by the first portion (plate table PTB) of the stage PST.
- a total of 18X 1 (corner cube 17X 1 )) is installed. This makes it possible to construct a target feedback control system.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a closed loop control system (feedback control system) of a 1-input 2-output system (SIMO system) corresponding to a drive system for driving the plate stage PST.
- the drive system corresponding to the closed-loop control system of FIG. 6 includes an X position (first control amount X 1 ) and a second part (carriage 30) of the first part (plate table PTB) of the plate stage PST to be controlled.
- X position of including interferometers 18X (second control amount X 2) the measures each plate interferometer system 18, and 18X 1, the stage control unit 50 driving the plate stages PST, the.
- the stage control device 50 calculates the manipulated variable U based on the target value R and the measurement results (X 1 , X 2 ) of the first and second control amounts, and transmits the result to the plate stage drive system PSD.
- the position of the plate stage PST is controlled.
- the driving of the plate stage PST by the stage control device 50 is accompanied by the control of the position of the plate stage PST, but in the following, it is simply driven (however, driving (position control) as necessary). ).
- the target value (target trajectory), the controlled variable, the manipulated variable, etc. are defined as a function of time.
- the Laplace according to the convention in the description of the control block diagram is used. The description will be made using conversion. Also, the arithmetic expression U (R ⁇ X 1 , R ⁇ X 2 ), which will be described later, is given its definition in the Laplace transform form. Further, hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, the description will be made using Laplace transform (Laplace transform type).
- Stage controller 50 includes a target generator 50 0, two controllers 50 1, 50 2, and two subtractors 50 3, 50 4, an adder 50 5. Note that each of these units is actually realized by a microcomputer and software constituting the stage control device 50, but may be constituted by hardware.
- Target generator 50 the target value of the plate stages PST, where it generates R (target value of the constantly changing position) the target position is supplied to the subtracter 50 3, 50 4.
- One of the subtracter 50 3 the difference between the X-position X 1 of the plate table PTB measured by the target position R interferometer 18X (transfer function P 1) (the current position), i.e. deviation (R-X 1) It is calculated and supplied to the controller 50 1 (transfer function C 1 ).
- the other subtracter 50 4 the difference between the X-position X 2 of the carriage 30 to be measured and the target position R by the interferometer 18X 1 (transfer function P 2) (the current position), i.e. deviation (R-X 2) It is calculated and supplied to the controller 50 2 (transfer function C 2 ).
- the X positions X 1 and X 2 are measured by the interferometers 18X and 18X 1 , respectively, but are not shown in FIG. In the subsequent block diagrams of the closed loop control system, the measuring instrument is omitted in the same manner.
- the controller 50 1 calculates an intermediate amount C 1 (R ⁇ X 1 ) by calculation (control calculation) so that the deviation (R ⁇ X 1 ) becomes zero, and sends it to the adder 50 5 .
- the controller 50 2 such that the difference (R-X 2) is zero, to calculate an intermediate amount C 2 (R-X 2) by the control operation, and sends to the adder 50 5.
- C 1 and C 2 are transfer functions of the controllers 50 1 and 50 2 , respectively.
- the transfer function is a Laplace transform ratio R (s) / C (s) of the Laplace transform between the input signal r (t) and the output signal C (t), that is, a Laplace transform function of an impulse response function.
- Adder 50 5 the controller 50 1, 50 2 outputs (intermediate quantity) are added to determine the manipulated variable U.
- a control operation represented by 1 (R ⁇ X 1 ) + C 2 (R ⁇ X 2 ) is performed to determine the operation amount U, and the operation amount U is given to the plate stage PST that is a control target. Accordingly, the plate stage PST is driven (position control) according to the operation amount U.
- the dynamics of the plate stage PST is used using a simplified dynamic model (rigid body model). Expresses a dynamic movement.
- the plate stage PST is provided with the plate table PTB on which the first measuring instrument (interferometer 18X) is installed, and the second measuring instrument (interferometer 18X 1 ).
- the carriage 30 is composed of two parts. The movement of these portions in the X-axis direction is the movement of two rigid bodies connected by a spring, more specifically, as shown in FIG.
- a plate stage drive system PSD (X linear motor 36X 1 , 36X 2 ) and a rigid body Cr (corresponding to the carriage 30) that is translated in the X-axis direction by applying a driving force F from a driving system corresponding to 1 , 36X 2 ) and a rotation center O on the rigid body Cr via a spring.
- a driving force F from a driving system corresponding to 1 , 36X 2
- a rotation center O on the rigid body Cr via a spring.
- the X positions of the rigid bodies Tb and Cr are respectively X 1 and X 2
- the masses are respectively M 1 and M 2
- the inertia moment (with respect to the rotation center O) of the rigid body Tb is J 1
- the viscosity proportional to the velocity of the rigid body Cr.
- C) the damping coefficient between the rigid body Tb and the rigid body Cr
- ⁇ the spring constant (torsional rigidity between the rigid body Tb and the rigid body Cr) k, and between the center of gravity of the rigid body Tb and the rotation center O.
- the distance is L
- the separation distance in the Z-axis direction between the reference positions of the X positions (X 1 , X 2 ) measurement of the rigid bodies Tb, Cr is l
- the dead time is ⁇ d .
- model expressions represented by the expressions (1a) and (1b) described later reproduce the frequency response characteristics (experimental results) shown in FIGS. 5 (A) and 5 (B), respectively. Thus, it is determined using the least square method or the like.
- the transfer functions P 1 and P 2 representing the input / output responses of the rigid bodies Tb and Cr (responses of the controlled variables X 1 and X 2 to the driving force F) are given as follows in the Laplace transform form: It is done.
- Transfer functions C 1 and C 2 are determined using the above transfer functions P 1 and P 2 .
- N P1 b 12 s 2 + b 11 s + b 10 (2a)
- N P2 b 22 s 2 + b 21 s + b 20 (2b)
- D P s 2 + C / (M 1 + M 2 ) s (2c)
- D R a 4 s 2 + (a 3 ⁇ a 4 C / (M 1 + M 2 )) s + a 1 (M 1 + M 2 ) / C (2d) It is.
- a CL D C D P D R + N C1 N P1 + N C2 N P2 (3)
- N C1 and N C2 are determined so as to satisfy the following expression (4) using an arbitrary analysis function ⁇ .
- N C1 N P1 + N C2 N P2 ⁇ D R (4)
- D C and ⁇ are determined so that the characteristic equation A CL has a stable pole (in this description, it is assumed to be a multiple root for convenience), that is, the following equation (5) is satisfied.
- the constants a and b depend on only the masses M 1 and M 2 and the distances L and l, and are parameters that can change depending on the state of the plate stage PST, such as the spring constant k, the damping coefficient ⁇ , and the viscosity C. Note that it is not dependent. This is because the resonance modes of P 1 and P 2 are canceled in the closed loop transfer function, and the masses M 1 and M 2 of the rigid bodies Tb and Cr (that is, the masses of the plate table PTB and the carriage 30) and the distances L and l do not change. This means that the behavior of the closed loop transfer function is invariant to any change in the state of the plate stage PST.
- b 1 4 ⁇ n ⁇ C / (M 1 + M 2 )
- b 2 6 ⁇ n 2 ⁇ C / (M 1 + M 2 )
- the interferometer 18X the reference position of the X position measurement of the plate stage PST by 18X 1, that is, offset in the installation position of the moving mirror 17X and the corner cube 17X 1.
- a high pass filter (not shown) is connected to the controller 50 2 (transfer function C 2 ) to cut the control amount X 2 in the low frequency band.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B show the transfer functions C 2 and C 1 of the controllers 50 2 and 50 1 in the feedback control system of the 1-input 2-output system (SIMO system) designed above, respectively.
- a Bode diagram showing the frequency response characteristics of is shown.
- the upper diagram is a gain diagram
- the lower diagram is a phase diagram.
- the values shown in FIG. 7B are assigned to the dynamic parameters included in the transfer functions C 1 and C 2 , respectively.
- FIG. 8B shows, as a comparative example, a controller (PID type controller and notch filter) in a conventional 1-input 1-output (SISO) feedback control system (see, for example, JP-A-2006-203113).
- the frequency response characteristic (indicated by a broken line) of the transfer function of the combination.
- the cutoff frequency of the high-pass filter is 1 Hz. did.
- the inventors verified the performance of the feedback control system of the SIMO system constructed using the controllers 50 1 and 50 2 (transfer functions C 1 and C 2 ) designed above by simulation.
- the mechanical motion (response characteristics) of the plate stage PST is reproduced using the above-mentioned rigid body model (transfer functions C 1 and C 2 ).
- three conditions are applied to the rigid body model (transfer functions C 1 and C 2 ).
- Condition A is a nominal model, that is, the values given in FIG. 7B for all dynamic parameters
- Condition B is 0.5 times the value given in FIG. 7B for spring constant k.
- the value given in FIG. 7B for the other mechanical parameters is set as the condition C, and the value of 5 times the value given in FIG. 7B for the moment of inertia J 1
- the values given in FIG. 7B are applied to the dynamic parameters.
- a gain diagram showing the frequency response characteristics of the complementary sensitivity function is shown.
- the high-pass filter is cut.
- the off frequency is 1 Hz.
- the frequency response characteristic for the conventional SISO feedback control system greatly changes from the frequency response characteristic in FIG. 9 (A), and shows a unique behavior around 30 Hz. Yes. This is due to the following reason.
- condition A nominal model
- condition B nominal model
- condition C the state of the plate stage PST from the nominal model This is because the band in which the resonance mode appears changed and deviated from the effective band of the notch filter, so that the notch filter did not act and the resonance mode was not suppressed.
- the frequency response characteristics for the feedback control system of the SIMO system of this embodiment in FIGS. 9B and 9C are not changed at all from the frequency response characteristics for the nominal model in FIG. 9A. .
- the transfer functions C 1 and C 2 (constants a and b) of the controllers 50 1 and 50 2 depend only on the masses M 1 and M 2 and the distances L and l, and the spring constant k and the like. This is because it does not depend on parameters that can change depending on the state of the plate stage PST. This result suggests that the feedback control system of the SIMO system of this embodiment is robust against any change in the state of the plate stage PST.
- the disturbance suppression is about 30 dB in the low frequency band (10 Hz or less) particularly important for driving the plate stage PST. The characteristics are improved.
- FIGS. 10A to 10 (C) show the respective developments of the SIMO feedback control system of this embodiment and the conventional SISO feedback control system (comparative example) for conditions A to C, respectively.
- a Bode diagram showing the frequency response characteristics of the loop transfer function is shown.
- the upper diagram is the gain diagram
- the lower diagram is the phase diagram.
- the frequency response characteristic for the conventional SISO feedback control system shows a unique behavior near 30 Hz
- the frequency response characteristic for the SIMO feedback control system of this embodiment is unique in the entire frequency band. Does not show behavior.
- 11A to 11C show Nyquists for the SIMO feedback control system of this embodiment and the conventional SISO feedback control system (comparative example) for conditions A to C, respectively.
- a diagram is shown.
- the Nyquist trajectory does not surround the point ( ⁇ 1, 0) only for the nominal model (condition A) and satisfies the Nyquist stability condition. Therefore, it surrounds the point (-1, 0) and does not satisfy the Nyquist stability condition.
- the Nyquist trajectory does not surround the point ( ⁇ 1, 0) for all the conditions A to C and satisfies the Nyquist stability condition.
- FIG. 12 shows the gain margin (Gm) and phase margin (Pm) for the conditions A to C.
- the gain margin is 9.7 dB and the phase margin is 30.1 deg in the nominal model (condition A).
- condition A the nominal model
- the gain margin is 17.8 dB and the phase margin is 35.7 deg for both conditions A to C.
- the increase in bandwidth and the stability margin are in a relationship where one is improved if the other is improved. Nevertheless, despite the fact that the frequency band of the controller has been quadrupled, the SIMO feedback control system of this embodiment dramatically improves both the gain margin and phase margin over the conventional SISO system. Has been.
- the inventors in an experimental machine simulating the exposure apparatus 110, use the controllers 50 1 and 50 2 (transfer functions C 1 and C 2 ) designed above to perform feedback control of a 1-input 2-output system (SIMO system).
- the system was constructed and its performance was verified by experiments. In the experiment, the same three conditions A to C as in the previous simulation were adopted.
- 13A to 13C show the feedback control system of the present embodiment for the conditions A to C, the one-input two-output system (SIMO system), and the conventional one-input one-output system (SISO system), respectively.
- SISO system one-input two-output system
- the high-pass filter is cut.
- the off frequency is 1 Hz.
- the frequency response characteristic for the conventional SISO feedback control system does not exhibit a specific behavior under the condition A (nominal model), but is shown in FIGS. 13B and 13C. As shown, the conditions B and C show a unique behavior near 30 Hz.
- the frequency response characteristic for the feedback control system of the SIMO system of the present embodiment shows a small singular behavior that is negligible due to the high-pass filter in the vicinity of 30 Hz in any high frequency band (100 Hz or more). In FIG. 5, small singular behaviors caused by higher-order resonance modes are respectively shown. Except for these, the singular behaviors that cause a problem are not particularly shown in the low frequency band which is a problem in the exposure apparatus 110.
- FIGS. 14 (A) to 14 (C) show the opening of the SIMO feedback control system of the present embodiment and the conventional SISO feedback control system (comparative example) for conditions A to C, respectively.
- a Bode diagram showing the frequency response characteristics of the loop transfer function is shown.
- the upper diagram is the gain diagram
- the lower diagram is the phase diagram.
- the frequency response characteristic for the conventional SISO feedback control system shows a unique behavior in the vicinity of 30 Hz.
- the frequency response characteristic for the feedback control system of the SIMO system of the present embodiment shows a small singular behavior that is negligible due to the high-pass filter in the vicinity of 30 Hz in any high frequency band (100 Hz or more).
- FIGS. 15A to 15C show Nyquists for the SIMO feedback control system of this embodiment and the conventional SISO feedback control system (comparative example) for conditions A to C, respectively.
- a diagram is shown.
- the Nyquist trajectory does not enclose the point ( ⁇ 1, 0) and satisfies the Nyquist stability condition only for the nominal model (condition A). On the other hand, it surrounds the point (-1, 0) and does not satisfy the Nyquist stability condition.
- the Nyquist trajectory does not surround the point ( ⁇ 1, 0) for all the conditions A to C and satisfies the Nyquist stability condition.
- the inventors further follow the feedback control system in the experimental machine with respect to the position target value R of the target trajectory (target values related to position and velocity) of the plate stage PST shown in FIG. The performance was verified.
- FIG. 16B shows the time variation of the tracking error of the plate stage PST in each of the SIMO feedback control system of this embodiment and the conventional SISO feedback control system (comparative example). .
- the follow-up error becomes particularly large during acceleration / deceleration of the plate stage PST.
- FIG. 16B shows the follow-up performance of the plate stage PST is dramatically improved in the SIMO feedback control system of the present embodiment compared to the conventional SISO feedback control system.
- FIG. 16C shows a temporal change in the tracking error when the feedforward control is combined with the feedback control. It can be seen that the tracking performance is further improved by combining the feedforward control.
- the interferometer 18X to measure the position (first control amount) X 1 of the plate stage PST (controlled object) (first measurement device) is installed.
- interferometer for measuring the 2 18X 1 (second measurement device) is installed.
- transfer functions C 1 and C 2 are expressed as transfer functions P 1 and P 2 representing responses of the first and second parts (plate table PTB and carriage 30) of the plate stage PST. It is determined that the poles corresponding to the resonance modes included in each are canceled out in the open loop transfer function C 1 P 1 + C 2 P 2 .
- the specific shapes of the transfer functions P 1 and P 2 are given by using a dynamic model (rigid body model) that expresses the motion of the first and second parts as the motion of two rigid bodies connected by a spring. This cancels the resonance behavior (resonance mode) of P 1 and P 2 in the closed-loop transfer function (the resonance mode of P 1 is canceled by the resonance mode of P 2 ), and the mass (ie, plate) of the first and second parts. As long as the mass of the table PTB and the carriage 30) and the distances L and l do not change, it is possible to design a drive system capable of driving (position control) the plate stage PST robust to any change in state. .
- a dynamic model rigid body model
- the first control amount (position) of the first portion (plate table PTB) of the plate stage PST is measured, and a rigid body having a phase opposite to the resonance mode indicated by the first portion.
- a second control amount (position) of the second portion (carriage 30) of the plate stage PST indicating the resonance mode with respect to the mode is measured, and a control calculation is performed based on those measurement results and a target value to obtain an operation amount;
- the plate stage PST is driven by giving the obtained operation amount to the plate stage drive system PSD. As a result, the plate stage PST can be accurately and stably driven.
- the exposure apparatus 110 since the exposure apparatus 110 according to the present embodiment includes the drive system for the plate stage PST designed as described above, the plate stage PST can be driven accurately and stably, and exposure accuracy, that is, The overlay accuracy can be improved.
- the position is selected as the control amount of the plate stage PST that is the control target, but instead of this, a physical quantity related to a position other than the position, such as speed and acceleration, may be selected as the control amount. .
- a speed measuring device, an acceleration measuring device, etc. independent of the plate interferometer system 18 (which constitutes the interferometer 18X, 18Y, 18X 1 ) are installed, and the speed, acceleration, etc. are measured using them. To do. Or you may calculate and use a speed and an acceleration by the 1st-floor difference or 2nd-floor difference calculation of the measured value of the plate interferometer system 18.
- FIG. 17 shows a block diagram of a modification of the feedback control system of the 1-input 2-output system according to the present embodiment.
- the feedback control system of this modification constitutes a speed control loop as a whole.
- target generator 50 0 generates a target speed V as a target value
- the control amount of the plate stage PST to be controlled also has a speed.
- the first part (plate table PTB) of the plate stage PST is formed by a first measuring instrument (interferometer 18X) constituting the plate interferometer system 18 and a first velocity measuring instrument (not shown) independent of the first measuring instrument.
- the position X 1 and the velocity V 1 are measured, and the measurement results are sent to the mixing unit 52.
- the result of the measurement of the position X 1 via a differentiator 52a, is combined with the measurement result of the speed V 1 by mixer 52 b, combined result is fed back to the subtracter 50 3 of a stage controller 50.
- Position X 2 and velocity V 2 are measured, and the measurement results are sent to the mixing unit 52.
- the mixer 52b includes a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter having the same cut-off frequency, and using these two filters, measurement of one of the positions X 1 and X 2 and the velocities V 1 and V 2 is performed. The result is configured to pass.
- the plate stage PST can be driven more precisely and stably (that is, the speed (and position) can be controlled).
- the case where the plate stage PST is driven in the X-axis direction has been described.
- the feedback control system is similarly designed for the case where the plate stage PST is driven in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. Can achieve the same effect.
- FIG. 1 a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 18 to 24.
- FIG. the same reference numerals are used for the same components as those of the first embodiment described above. Since the configuration of the exposure apparatus according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, description of the apparatus configuration and the like is omitted.
- the drive system that drives the plate stage PST in the rotation (tilt) direction ( ⁇ x direction, ⁇ y direction, and ⁇ z direction) will be handled, and its design will be described.
- a drive system that drives the plate stage PST in the ⁇ z direction will be described as an example.
- the torque ⁇ around the Z axis is generated by varying the driving force (thrust force) in the X axis direction generated by the X linear motors 36X 1 and 36X 2 , and the carriage 30 and the plate
- the table PTB is driven in the ⁇ z direction.
- the position (yawing value, yaw angle) of the plate stage PST in the ⁇ z direction is measured by the interferometer 18X of the plate interferometer system 18 as described above. That is, the ⁇ z position ( ⁇ z 1 ) of the plate table PTB is measured by the interferometer 18X. Further, the stage control device 50 obtains the ⁇ z position ( ⁇ z 2 ) of the carriage 30 based on the difference between the measurement results of the X position of the carriage 30 by the interferometers 18X 1 and 18X 2 of the plate interferometer system 18. be able to.
- Interferometer 18X plate interferometer system 18, using a 18X 1 and 18X 2, to construct a feedback control system of one-input, two-output system represented in the block diagram of FIG. 6 (SIMO system).
- the second measuring instrument that measures the ⁇ z position ( ⁇ z 2 ) of the carriage 30 that is the second portion to be controlled is composed of interferometers 18X 1 and 18X 2 , but in the following, for convenience of explanation, the second measurement is performed.
- the interferometers 18X and 18X 1 respectively perform plate table PTB (plate to be controlled) of the plate stage PST (control target).
- the ⁇ z positions (first control amount ⁇ z 1 and second control amount ⁇ z 2 ) of the first portion) and the carriage 30 (second portion) are measured.
- the measurement results ( ⁇ z 1 , ⁇ z 2 ) of the first and second control amounts are supplied to the stage controller 50.
- the stage control device 50 obtains the operation amount U (torque ⁇ ) using the measurement results ( ⁇ z 1 , ⁇ z 2 ), and the plate stage drive system PSD that drives the plate stage PST (control target) using the obtained operation amount U.
- the plate stage drive system PSD (X linear motors 36X 1 , 36X 2 ) varies the driving force (thrust) generated by the X linear motors 36X 1 , 36X 2 according to the received operation amount U (torque ⁇ ).
- a torque equal to the torque ⁇ is applied to the carriage 30 (second portion).
- the plate stage PST is driven in the ⁇ z direction, and the position in the ⁇ z direction is controlled.
- the driving of the plate stage PST by the stage controller 50 is accompanied by the control of the position of the plate stage PST.
- Target generator 50 0 included in the stage controller 50 (in this case, ⁇ z position (target value of the yaw angle)) the target value R of the plate stage PST and supplies the subtractor 50 3, 50 4 .
- One of the subtracter 50 3 calculates the difference between the [theta] z position of the plate table PTB measured by the target value R interferometer 18X [theta] z 1 (the current position), i.e. deviation (R-[theta] z 1), the controller 50 1 (transfer function C 1 ).
- the other subtracter 50 4 the difference between the [theta] z position [theta] z 2 (current position) of the carriage 30 (the transfer function P 2) to be measured and the target value R by the interferometer 18X 1, i.e. deviation (R-[theta] z 2) It is calculated and supplied to the controller 50 2 (transfer function C 2 ).
- the controller 50 so that the difference (R-[theta] z 1) becomes zero, the operation (control operation) is calculated intermediate amount C 1 (R-[theta] z 1), it is sent to the adder 50 5.
- the controller 50 so that the difference (R- ⁇ z 2) becomes zero, to calculate an intermediate amount C 2 (R- ⁇ z 2) by the control operation, and sends to the adder 50 5.
- Adder 50 5 the controller 50 1, 50 2 outputs (intermediate quantity) are added to determine the manipulated variable U.
- a control calculation represented by 1 (R ⁇ z 1 ) + C 2 (R ⁇ z 2 ) is performed to obtain the manipulated variable U, and the manipulated variable U is given to the plate stage PST that is the control target. Accordingly, the plate stage PST is driven in the ⁇ z direction according to the operation amount U.
- FIG. 18A is a diagram illustrating a dynamic model of a general two-inertia system.
- the plate stage PST is an example of the two inertia system, and as shown in FIG. 1, the plate table PTB on which the first measuring instrument (interferometer 18X) is installed, and the second measuring instrument (interference). It is assumed that it is composed of two parts of the carriage 30 in which a total of 18X 1 ) is installed.
- the motion (rotation) of these portions in the ⁇ z direction corresponds to the rotational motion of two rigid bodies connected by a spring, more specifically, the plate stage drive system PSD (X linear motors 36X 1 and 36X 2 ).
- PSD plate stage drive system
- This is expressed as a rotational motion of a rigid body L2 (corresponding to the carriage 30) to which torque ⁇ is applied from the drive system and a rigid body L1 (corresponding to the plate table PTB) connected to the rigid body L2 via a spring.
- the ⁇ z positions of the rigid bodies L1 and L2 are ⁇ z 1 and ⁇ z 2 , respectively, and the moments of inertia are J 1 and J 2 , respectively, and the spring constant k.
- the value (actually measured value) of these dynamic parameters is shown in the table of FIG.
- the transfer functions P 1 and P 2 representing the input / output responses of the rigid bodies L1 and L2 (responses of the controlled variables ⁇ z 1 and ⁇ z 2 to the torque ⁇ ) are given as follows in the Laplace transform form: .
- FIG. 19A and 19B are Bode diagrams showing the frequency response characteristics of the transfer functions P 2 and P 1 , respectively.
- the upper diagram is a gain diagram and the lower diagram is a phase diagram.
- the transfer function P 1 according to the rotational movement of the two rigid bodies L1, L2, P 2 comprises two rigid Cr in rigid model for translation (FIG. 7 (A)), the transfer function P 1 according to the translational movement of Tb, The behavior is almost the same as that of P 2 (see FIGS. 5A and 5B).
- the basic function of the transfer function P 1 is to monotonously decrease the amplitude and keep the phase constant as the frequency f increases.
- the transfer function P 1 as a resonance mode (resonance behavior), the amplitude is rapidly increased and decreased and the phase is rapidly decreased in the vicinity of 60 Hz. These indicate a mountain shape and a step shape, respectively, in the gain diagram and the phase diagram in FIG.
- the frequency response characteristic of the transfer function P 2 the frequency response characteristic with opposite resonant mode of the transfer function P 1 (resonance behavior), namely a resonance mode of the reverse phase. That is, the transfer function P 2 has a basic behavior, with an increase of the frequency f, and reduce its amplitude monotonically, keep the phase constant. Then, the transfer function P 2 rapidly decreases and increases its amplitude and rapidly increases and decreases its phase in the vicinity of 60 Hz. These show continuous valley and mountain shapes and pulse shapes in the gain diagram and phase diagram in FIG. 19A, respectively.
- the transfer function P 1 for rigid L1 shows a resonance mode of the rigid body modes and reverse phase
- the transfer function P 2 for rigid L2 (carriage 30)
- the feedback of the 1-input 2-output system that cancels the resonance behavior of the plate table PTB (transfer function P 1 ) with the resonance behavior of the carriage 30 (transfer function P 2 ).
- a control system can be constructed.
- Transfer functions C 1 and C 2 are determined using the above transfer functions P 1 and P 2 .
- N P1 k / J 1 (7a)
- N P2 s 2 + k / J 1 (7b)
- D P J 2 s 2 (7c)
- D R s 2 + (k / J 1 ) (1 + J 1 / J 2 ) (7d) It is.
- N C1 and N C2 are set so as to satisfy Equation (4) using an arbitrary analysis function ⁇ . decide.
- D C and ⁇ are determined so that the characteristic equation A CL has a stable pole (in this description, it is assumed to be a multiple root for convenience), that is, so as to satisfy the equation (5).
- b 1 4 ⁇ n
- b 2 6J 2 ⁇ n
- b 3 4J 2 ⁇ n
- b 4 J 2 ⁇ n 4.
- FIG. 20A and 20B show the transfer functions C 2 and C 1 of the controllers 50 2 and 50 1 in the feedback control system of the 1-input 2-output system (SIMO system) designed above, respectively.
- a Bode diagram showing the frequency response characteristics of is shown. 20A and 20B, the upper diagram is a gain diagram, and the lower diagram is a phase diagram.
- the values shown in FIG. 18B are assigned to the dynamic parameters included in the transfer functions C 1 and C 2 , respectively.
- FIG. 20B shows, as a comparative example, a controller (a PID type controller and a notch filter) in a conventional feedback control system of a one-input one-output system (SISO system) (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-203113).
- SISO system one-input one-output system
- the frequency response characteristics of the combination) transfer function are also shown.
- the transfer function of the controller of a conventional SISO system while indicating specific behavior in the vicinity of 60 Hz, the transfer function C 1, C 2 of the controller 50 1, 50 2 SIMO system are all in all the frequency bands It does not show anomalous behavior.
- the inventors conducted simulations to determine the performance of a feedback control system of a 1-input 2-output system (SIMO system) constructed using the controllers 50 1 , 50 2 (transfer functions C 1 , C 2 ) designed above. Verified.
- the mechanical motion (response characteristics) of the plate stage PST is reproduced using the above-mentioned rigid body model (transfer functions P 1 and P 2 ).
- a gain diagram showing the frequency response characteristics is shown. In any feedback control system, the closed-loop transfer function does not exhibit a peculiar behavior in the entire frequency band.
- the disturbance suppression is about 30 dB in the low frequency band (10 Hz or less) particularly important for driving the plate stage PST. The characteristics are improved.
- FIG. 22 is a Bode diagram showing frequency response characteristics of an open loop transfer function for each of the SIMO feedback control system of the present embodiment and the conventional SISO feedback control system (comparative example). .
- the upper diagram is a gain diagram
- the lower diagram is a phase diagram.
- the open-loop transfer function does not exhibit a unique behavior in the entire frequency band.
- FIG. 23 shows a Nyquist diagram for each of the SIMO feedback control system of the present embodiment and the conventional SISO feedback control system (comparative example).
- the Nyquist trajectory does not surround the point (-1, 0) and satisfies the Nyquist stability condition.
- FIG. 24 shows gain margin (Gm) and phase margin (Pm).
- Gm gain margin
- Pm phase margin
- the gain margin is 12.2 dB and the phase margin is 30.2 deg.
- the gain margin is infinite and the phase margin is 43.5 degrees with respect to the feedback control system of the SIMO system of the present embodiment.
- both gain margin and phase margin are dramatically improved compared to the conventional SISO system.
- interferometer 18X to measure the position (first control amount) [theta] z 1 of the plate stage PST (controlled object) (first measurement device) is installed
- the position (second control amount) of the plate stage PST is placed on the carriage 30 (second portion to be controlled) indicating the resonance mode for the rigid body mode opposite to the resonance mode indicated by the plate table PTB (first portion to be controlled).
- An interferometer 18X 1 (second measuring instrument) that measures ⁇ z 2 is installed.
- the plate stage PST is driven in the rotational direction as well as the plate stage PST in the translation direction in the first embodiment ( ⁇ z). It is possible to design a high-bandwidth and robust drive system that controls the position).
- the specific shapes of the transfer functions P 1 and P 2 are given by using a dynamic model (rigid body model) that expresses the motion of the first and second parts as the motion of two rigid bodies connected by a spring.
- P 1, resonance mode of P 2 (resonance behavior) are offset in a closed loop transfer function (resonance mode of P 1 is offset by the resonance modes of the P 2), the moment of inertia of the first and second portions (i.e. As long as the plate table PTB and the moment of inertia of the carriage 30 do not change, it is possible to design a drive system for the plate stage PST that is robust to any change in state.
- the first control amount (position in the ⁇ z direction (rotation position)) of the first portion (plate table PTB) of the plate stage PST is measured, and the first portion The second control amount (position (rotation position) in the ⁇ z direction) of the second portion (carriage 30) of the plate stage PST indicating the resonance mode with respect to the rigid body mode opposite in phase to the resonance mode indicated by Based on the target value, a control calculation is performed to obtain an operation amount, and the obtained operation amount is given to the plate stage drive system PSD to drive the plate stage PST. As a result, the plate stage PST can be accurately and stably driven.
- the exposure apparatus according to the second embodiment includes the drive system for the plate stage PST designed as described above, the plate stage PST can be driven accurately and stably, and the exposure accuracy can be increased. That is, the overlay accuracy can be improved.
- the rotational position is selected as the control amount of the plate stage PST to be controlled.
- physical quantities related to rotational positions other than the rotational position such as rotational speed and rotational acceleration, are used. It may be selected as a control amount.
- a rotational speed measuring instrument, a rotational acceleration measuring instrument, etc. independent of the plate interferometer system 18 (which constitutes the interferometers 18X, 18Y, 18X 1 , 18X 2 ) are installed, and the rotational speed and rotational speed are measured using them. Acceleration etc. will be measured.
- the rotational speed and rotational acceleration may be calculated and used by the first-order difference or second-order difference calculation of the measurement values of the plate interferometer system 18.
- a plurality of physical quantities related to the rotational position such as the rotational position, rotational speed, and rotational acceleration, can be combined to form the control amount of the plate stage PST. is there.
- the case where the plate stage PST is driven in the ⁇ z direction has been described.
- the feedback control system can be similarly designed in the case where the plate stage PST is driven in the ⁇ x direction and the ⁇ y direction. The equivalent effect can be obtained.
- the first measuring device (interferometer 18X (moving) is applied to the plate table PTB (first portion of the plate stage PST) that exhibits a resonance mode opposite to the rigid body mode.
- the mirror 17X) is installed, and the second measuring instrument (interferometer 18X 1 (and interferometer 18X 2 ) (corner cube 17X 1 ) is mounted on the carriage 30 (second portion of the plate stage PST) that exhibits a resonance mode in phase with the rigid body mode. (And X 2 ))) was installed, and a feedback control system was constructed using these first and second measuring instruments.
- the present invention is not limited to this, for example, in the case of semi-closed control using a sensor (first measuring instrument) arranged at a position (part) showing a resonance mode in phase with the rigid body mode of the control target (plate stage PST). Then, a sensor (second measuring device) is (added) arranged at a position (part) showing a resonance mode opposite to the rigid body mode to be controlled, and a feedback control system similar to that in the first and second embodiments is used. It is good also as constructing and suppressing the vibration of the load side which generate
- first and second embodiments two parts (or three parts) of a carriage that moves in the scanning direction of the plate and a plate table that is supported on the carriage and moves in the non-scanning direction while holding the plate.
- a drive system for precisely and stably driving the plate stage PST is constructed with the gantry-type plate stage PST configured as described above as a control target, the present invention is not limited to this, and coarse movement that moves in a two-dimensional direction
- the above-mentioned first and second substrate stages also include a coarse / fine movement type substrate stage having two parts (or three or more parts), which are a stage and a fine movement stage that is supported on the coarse movement stage and moves finely while holding a plate (substrate).
- the drive system can be constructed in the same manner as in the second embodiment.
- the mask stage MST has a mask stage body 60 and support members 61 (+ Y side support members not shown) on one side and the other side of the mask stage body 60 in the Y-axis direction. And a pair of movers 62A and 62B provided through the cable.
- the mask stage main body 60 in a plan view a rectangular frame-like portion 60 0 (viewed from above), the frame-like portion 60 0 of the + Y side and -Y slider part provided integrally with the respective side 60 1, 60 2 And have.
- a movable mirror 15Y composed of a plane mirror having a reflecting surface perpendicular to the Y axis is fixed to the + Y end surface of one slider portion 601. That is, the slider unit 60 1 also serves as a mirror support member.
- the approximate center of the frame-shaped portion 60 0, is formed a recess 60a of the rectangular plan view, in the center of the inner bottom surface of recess 60a, an opening through which the illumination light IL (not shown) is formed.
- Each of the four mask holding mechanism 63 is provided on the + Y side and -Y side of the frame-shaped portion 60 0 upper surface of the recess 60a.
- Mask M which is housed in the recess 60a is Eight mask holding mechanism 63, ⁇ Y end pressed against and fixed to the frame-shaped portion 60 0.
- corner cube 15X 1, 15X 2 respectively are fixed. Further, corner cubes 15X 12 and 15X 22 are fixed at substantially the center of each of the slider portions 60 1 and 60 2 .
- the slider portions 60 1 and 60 2 are levitated and supported on a pair of mask stage guides (not shown) via a static gas bearing (not shown) (for example, an air bearing).
- a static gas bearing for example, an air bearing
- the pair of movers 62A and 62B are engaged with corresponding stators (not shown) to form a pair of linear motors constituting the mask stage drive system MSD.
- the mask stage MST is driven in the scanning direction (X-axis direction) by the pair of linear motors and is finely driven in the non-scanning direction (Y-axis direction).
- the position of mask stage MST is measured by mask interferometer system 16 (see FIG. 3).
- the mask interferometer system 16 includes interferometers 16Y, 16X 1 , 16X 2 , 16X 12 , 16X 22 as shown in FIG.
- the interferometer 16Y measures the Y position of the mask stage MST by irradiating the movable mirror 15Y fixed to the mask stage MST with a measurement beam parallel to the Y axis and receiving the reflected light.
- Interferometers 16X 1 , 16X 2 irradiate corner cubes 15X 1 , 15X 2 on frame-shaped portion 600 0 with measurement beams, receive the respective reflected lights, and receive frame-shaped portion 60 0 of mask stage MST.
- the X position is measured.
- Interferometers 16X 12 and 16X 22 irradiate corner cubes 15X 12 and 15X 22 on slider portions 60 1 and 60 2 with length measurement beams, receive the respective reflected lights, and slider portion 60 of mask stage MST. 1, to measure the 60 2 X position.
- a 1-input 2-output system represented by the block diagram of FIG.
- the basic configuration of the feedback control system is the same as the basic configuration of the feedback control system in the first and second embodiments described above. That is, the X position (first controlled variable X 1 ) of the frame-like portion 60 0 (first portion) of the mask stage MST (control target) is measured by the interferometers 16X 1 and 16X 2 (first measuring device).
- the X position (first position) of the second part (sliders 60 1 , 60 2 , movable elements 62 A, 62 B and movable mirror 15 Y) of the mask stage MST (control target) is measured by the interferometers 16 X 12 , 16 X 22 (second measuring instrument) 2 control amount X 2 ) is measured.
- These measurement results (X 1 , X 2 ) are supplied to the stage controller 50.
- the X position of the mask stage MST (first control amount X 1) although the obtained, in the present embodiment, for convenience of explanation, the first control amount X 1 is assumed to be measured by the interferometer 16X 1, 16X 2 (first measurement device) .
- the second control amount X 2 is assumed to be measured by the interferometer 16X 12, 16X 22 (second measurement device).
- the second portion of the mask stage MST (control target), in addition to the slider unit 60 1, 60 2, the movable element 62A, including 62B and the moving mirror 15Y, in the following, as appropriate, the slider unit 60 1, 60 2 Will be described as being the second part.
- the stage controller 50 obtains an operation amount U (driving force F) using the measurement results (X 1 , X 2 ), and a mask stage drive system that drives the obtained operation amount U to the mask stage MST (control target). Send to MSD.
- the mask stage drive system MSD applies a drive force equal to the drive force F to the movers 62A and 62B of the pair of linear motors according to the received operation amount U (drive force F). Thereby, the mask stage MST is driven in the X-axis direction.
- target generator 50 included in the stage controller 50 the target value for controlling the mask stage MST, where the target position of the X-axis direction (the target value of the X position changes from moment to moment)) R Is supplied to the subtracters 50 3 and 50 4 .
- One of the subtracter 50 3, X position X 1 (the current position) and the target position of the frame-shaped portion 60 0 (the transfer function P 1) of the mask stage MST are measured (controlled object) by the interferometer 16X 1, 16X 2
- a difference from R, that is, a deviation (R ⁇ X 1 ) is calculated and supplied to the controller 50 1 (transfer function C 1 ).
- the other subtracter 50 4, the interferometer 16X 12, the slider portion 60 1 of the mask stage MST are measured by 16X 22 (control target), 60 2 (transfer function P 2) of the X-position X 2 (current position)
- a difference from the target position R, that is, a deviation (R ⁇ X 2 ) is calculated and supplied to the controller 50 2 (transfer function C 2 ).
- the controller 50 1 calculates an intermediate amount C 1 (R ⁇ X 1 ) by calculation (control calculation) so that the deviation (R ⁇ X 1 ) becomes zero, and sends it to the adder 50 5 .
- the controller 50 2 such that the difference (R-X 2) is zero, to calculate an intermediate amount C 2 (R-X 2) by the control operation, and sends to the adder 50 5.
- Adder 50 5, the controller 50 1, 50 2 outputs (intermediate quantity) are added to determine the manipulated variable U.
- the stage control apparatus 50 is based on the measurement results (X 1 , X 2 ) of the first and second measuring instruments (interferometers 16X 1 , 16X 2 and 16X 12 , 16X 22 ) and the target position R.
- the entire stage is twisted (bent) due to insufficient rigidity of the connecting portion.
- the controllers 50 1 and 50 2 are designed (transfer functions C 1 and C 2 are determined).
- the dynamic motion of the mask stage MST is expressed using a model similar to the rigid model shown in FIGS. 7A and 18A. Accordingly, the resonance modes of P 1 and P 2 cancel each other, and the high-band and robust mask stage MST can be driven (position control).
- reference positions for position measurement by the interferometers 16X 1 , 16X 2 and 16X 12 , 16X 22 Is appropriately selected for the portion of the mask stage MST that exhibits resonance modes of opposite phases to each other.
- a sensor a corner cube used in the interferometer
- the corner cubes 15X 12 and 15X 22 are installed with respect to the reference positions of the interferometers 16X 1 and 16X 2 (first measuring instrument) (installation positions of the corner cubes 15X 1 and 15X 2 ).
- the positions (reference positions of the interferometers 16X 12 and 16X 22 (second measuring instrument)) may be changed to positions 15X 10 and 15X 20 indicated by using dotted lines in FIG.
- the exposure apparatus is not limited to a composite stage composed of a plurality of parts (components) like the plate stage PST, but a single part like the mask stage MST. It is possible to construct a drive system similar to that of the first and second embodiments described above even for a moving stage (which can be regarded as a composite stage consisting of a plurality of parts due to insufficient rigidity) Thus, an equivalent effect can be obtained. Further, in the case of semi-closed control using a sensor (first measuring instrument) arranged at a position (part) showing a resonance mode in phase with the rigid body mode of the controlled object (mask stage MST), the rigid body mode of the controlled object is used.
- a sensor (second measuring device) is (added) placed at a position (part) that shows a resonance mode that is in reverse phase to the above, and a SIMO feedback control system similar to the above is constructed to suppress the vibration on the load side that occurs It's also good.
- the position is selected as the control amount of the mask stage MST to be controlled.
- a physical quantity related to a position other than the position such as speed and acceleration, may be used as the control amount.
- a speed measuring device, an acceleration measuring device, and the like independent from the mask interferometer system 16 are installed, and speed, acceleration, and the like are measured using them.
- a plurality of physical quantities related to the position such as position, velocity, acceleration, etc. can be combined to be used as the control amount of the mask stage MST.
- the case where the mask stage MST is driven in the X-axis direction has been described, but the feedback control system is similarly applied to the case where the mask stage MST is driven in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction.
- the feedback control system is designed (and constructed) also when the mask stage MST is driven in the rotation (tilt) direction ( ⁇ x direction, ⁇ y direction, and ⁇ z direction). be able to.
- the plate table is moved in the scanning direction by rotating a plate table holding the plate and a feed screw screwed (combined) with a nut provided on the plate table around its axis.
- a drive system is constructed with a feed screw type (for example, ball screw type) plate stage constituted by a feed drive unit as a drive target will be taken up.
- the lead screw type plate stage is mainly used in a stationary (step and repeat type) projection exposure apparatus. Since the configuration of the stationary exposure apparatus is well known, only the plate stage will be described below, and the description of the configuration of other parts will be omitted.
- the plate stage PST ′ includes a plate table PTB ′ that holds the plate and a drive unit PSD ′ that drives the plate table PTB ′ in the X-axis direction.
- a plate holder PH for adsorbing and holding the plate is fixed at the center thereof. And the -X edge surface of the plate table PTB ', the reflecting surface 76 1 mirror-polishing is applied is formed. The bottom surface of the plate table PTB ', the center ball Internet (hereinafter, abbreviated as nuts) 70 1 is fixed.
- a non-contact state support (floating support) is performed via a static gas bearing (not shown) (for example, an air bearing).
- Driver PSD includes a screw shaft 70 2 constituting the ball screw 70 together with the nut 70 1, the screw shaft 70 2 and the rotary motor 71 to rotate about its axis, a.
- the screw shaft 70 2, and a threaded portion provided in integrally and coaxially a portion except for the both longitudinal ends of the shaft portion is larger in diameter than the shaft portion and the shaft portion of the predetermined length.
- the screw shaft 70 2 is screwed (engaged) to the nut 70 1 threaded portion through a number of balls (not shown).
- -X end portion of the shaft portion of the screw shaft 70 2 is rotatably supported by a bearing 72 3 fixed on the floor surface F, + X end of the -X side of the + X end surface position, on the floor surface F and it is rotatably supported on a fixed another bearing 72 2 was.
- + X end of the shaft portion of the screw shaft 70 2 is connected to the shaft of the rotary motor 71 via a shaft coupling for 72 1.
- the main body of the rotary motor 71 is disposed on the floor surface F.
- the bearing 72 2 the thrust bearing (with shown) is provided, thereby, the force in the axial direction (X axis direction) is absorbed acting on the screw shaft 70 2.
- the screw shaft 70 2 by the rotation motor 71 is rotated about its axis ([theta] x direction), the rotation of the screw shaft 70 2 is converted into translation of the nut 70 1 by a ball screw 70 As a result, the plate table PTB ′ is driven in the X-axis direction.
- X position of the plate table PTB ' is measured by the interferometer 75 1.
- Interferometer 75 1 the plate table PTB 'irradiates measurement beams on the reflection surface 76 1 of, by receiving the reflected light, the plate table PTB' measures the X position of the (X).
- Rotation of the rotary motor 71 ([theta] x) is measured by a rotary encoder (encoder) 75 2.
- the encoder 75 receives light from the light emitting element (not shown) via a rotary slit 76 2 fixed to the rotary shaft of the rotary motor 71. Thereby, the rotation ( ⁇ x) of the rotary motor 71 is measured.
- the feedback control system of one-input, two-output system represented by the block diagram of FIG. 28 is constructed.
- the X position (the first position) of the plate table PTB ′ constituting the plate stage PST ′ (control target) is respectively measured by the interferometer 75 1 (first measuring instrument) and the encoder 75 2 (second measuring instrument).
- 1 control amount X) and the rotational position of the rotary motor 71 (second control amount ⁇ x) are measured.
- These measurement results (X, ⁇ x) are supplied to the stage controller 50.
- the stage control device 50 obtains the operation amount U (torque ⁇ ) using the measurement result (X, ⁇ x), and transmits the obtained operation amount U to the drive unit PSD ′.
- the drive unit PSD ′ causes the rotary motor 71 to generate a torque equal to the torque ⁇ according to the received operation amount U (torque ⁇ ). As a result, the plate table PTB ′ is driven.
- target generator 50 0 included in the stage controller 50 generates a target value R of the X position of the plate table PTB ', the subtractor 50 3, and supplies the converter 50 6.
- the subtracter 50 3 the difference between 'the plate table PTB of (controlled object)' and X position X (the current position) of the (transfer function P 1) between the target position R the plate stage PST measured by the interferometer 75 1, namely The deviation (RX) is calculated and supplied to the controller 50 1 (transfer function C 1 ).
- Converter 50 6 converts the target value R of the X position to R theta (rotation position of the motor 71) [theta] x position corresponding (corresponding) to the target value R, and supplies the subtracter 50 4.
- the other subtracter 50 4 the difference in rotational position ⁇ x and (current position) and the ⁇ x position R theta of the rotary motor 71 of the plate stage PST to be measured by the encoder 75 2 '(control target) (transfer function P 2), That is, the deviation (R ⁇ ⁇ x) is calculated and supplied to the controller 50 2 (transfer function C 2 ).
- the controller 50 1, such that the difference (R-X) is zero, the operation (control operation) is calculated intermediate amount C 1 (R-X), is sent to the adder 50 5.
- the controller 50 2 such that the deviation (R ⁇ - ⁇ x) becomes zero, to calculate an intermediate amount C 2 (R ⁇ - ⁇ x) by the control operation, and sends to the adder 50 5.
- Adder 50 5 the controller 50 1, 50 2 outputs (intermediate quantity) are added to determine the manipulated variable U.
- the stage control apparatus 50 is based on the measurement results (X, ⁇ x) and the target positions (R, R ⁇ ) of the first and second measuring instruments (interferometer 75 1 and encoder 75 2 ).
- a control calculation represented by U (R ⁇ X, R ⁇ ⁇ x) C 1 (R ⁇ X) + C 2 (R ⁇ ⁇ x) is performed to obtain the manipulated variable U, and the manipulated variable U is controlled by It is given to a certain plate stage PST ′. Accordingly, the plate stage PST ′ is driven according to the operation amount U.
- 29A and 29B show input / output responses of the rotary motor 71 and the plate table PTB ′, that is, transfer functions expressing the responses of the control amounts ⁇ x and X with respect to the operation amount U (torque ⁇ ), respectively.
- the upper diagram is a gain diagram
- the lower diagram is a phase diagram.
- the transfer functions P 2 and P 1 are the transfer functions P 2 and P 1 (FIGS. 5A and 5B) derived from the rigid body model (see FIG. 7A) related to the translational motion and the rotational motion.
- the transfer functions P 2 and P 1 (FIG.
- the transfer functions P 1 and P 2 exhibit opposite behaviors (reverse phase resonance modes).
- the transfer function P 1 indicates a resonance mode opposite in phase to the rigid body mode
- the transfer function P 2 indicates a resonance mode in phase with the rigid body mode).
- the above-described behavior of the transfer functions P 1 and P 2 is considered to be caused by insufficient rigidity of the connecting portion (such as the ball screw 70) between the plate table PTB ′ and the rotary motor 71. Accordingly, the mechanical motion of the plate table PTB ′ and the rotary motor 71 is expressed as the motion of two rigid bodies connected by a spring, as in the rigid body model shown in FIGS. 7A and 18A. be able to.
- the controllers 50 1 and 50 2 are designed by applying the rigid body model shown in FIG. 7A or 18A (transfer function C 1 , C 2 ), the resonance modes of the transfer functions P 1 and P 2 cancel each other, and the high-band and robust plate table PTB ′ (plate stage PST ′) can be driven.
- the feed screw type plate stage PST ′ in which the translational motion of the plate table PTB ′ and the rotational motion of the rotary motor 71 are combined is controlled. It is possible to construct a drive system similar to that of the embodiment, and an equivalent effect can be obtained. Also, in the case of semi-closed control using a sensor (first measuring instrument) placed at a position (part) that shows a resonance mode in phase with the rigid body mode of the control target (feed screw type plate stage), the control target Sensor (second measuring instrument) is placed (additional) at a position (part) in the opposite phase to the rigid body mode, and a feedback control system similar to the above is constructed to suppress the vibration on the load side that occurs It is also good.
- the position is selected as the control amount of the plate table PTB ′.
- a physical quantity related to a position other than the position such as speed and acceleration, may be selected as the control amount.
- the interferometer 75 1 independent speed measuring instrument and established the acceleration measuring instruments, and to measure the speed, acceleration and the like by using them. Or you may calculate and use a speed and an acceleration by the 1st-floor difference or 2nd-floor difference calculation of the measured value of the plate interferometer system 18.
- a plurality of physical quantities related to the position can be combined to form the control amount of the plate table PTB '.
- the rotation position is selected as the control amount of the rotary motor 71.
- a physical quantity related to a position other than the rotation position such as the rotation speed and the rotation acceleration, is selected as the control amount. May be.
- the encoder 75 2 independent of the rotational speed measuring instrument and established a rotational acceleration measurement, etc., the rotational speed, and to measure the rotational acceleration and the like by using them.
- the first-order difference or the second difference calculation encoder 75 second measurement value, the rotational speed may be used to calculate the rotational acceleration.
- a plurality of physical quantities related to the rotational position such as the rotational position, rotational speed, and rotational acceleration, can be combined to form the control amount of the rotary motor 71. is there.
- the present invention is not limited to the exposure apparatus, but also to an apparatus that requires precise and stable driving (control of position or speed), for example, a movable stage in a machine tool, a transfer device such as a robot arm, etc.
- a drive system SIMO system
- the configurations of the plate interferometer system 18 and the mask interferometer system 16 are not limited to the configurations in the first, second, and third embodiments, and a configuration in which an interferometer is further added according to the purpose. Can be adopted. Further, an encoder (or an encoder system composed of a plurality of encoders) may be used instead of or together with the plate interferometer system 18. An encoder (or an encoder system composed of a plurality of encoders) may be used instead of the mask interferometer system 16 or together with the mask interferometer system 16.
- the exposure apparatus according to each of the above embodiments is applied to an exposure apparatus that exposes a substrate having a size (long side or diameter) of 500 mm or more, for example, a large substrate for a flat panel display (FPD) such as a liquid crystal display element. It is particularly effective to do this.
- FPD flat panel display
- the illumination light is vacuum light such as ultraviolet light such as ArF excimer laser light (wavelength 193 nm), KrF excimer laser light (wavelength 248 nm), or F 2 laser light (wavelength 157 nm). It may be ultraviolet light.
- the illumination light for example, a single wavelength laser beam oscillated from a DFB semiconductor laser or a fiber laser is amplified by a fiber amplifier doped with, for example, erbium (or both erbium and ytterbium).
- harmonics converted into ultraviolet light using a nonlinear optical crystal may be used.
- a solid laser (wavelength: 355 nm, 266 nm) or the like may be used.
- the projection optical system PL is a multi-lens projection optical system including a plurality of optical systems.
- the number of projection optical systems is not limited to this, and one or more projection optical systems are used. I just need it.
- the projection optical system is not limited to a multi-lens type projection optical system, and may be a projection optical system using an Offner type large mirror, for example.
- the projection optical system PL has the same magnification as the projection magnification has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the projection optical system may be either an enlargement system or a reduction system.
- a light transmissive mask in which a predetermined light shielding pattern (or phase pattern / dimming pattern) is formed on a light transmissive mask substrate is used.
- an electronic mask (variable molding mask) that forms a transmission pattern, a reflection pattern, or a light emission pattern based on electronic data of a pattern to be exposed, for example, Alternatively, a variable molding mask using DMD (Digital Micro-mirror Device) which is a kind of non-light emitting image display element (also referred to as a spatial light modulator) may be used.
- DMD Digital Micro-mirror Device
- each of the above-described embodiments can be applied to any one of a scanning exposure apparatus such as a batch exposure type or a scanning stepper and a stationary exposure apparatus such as a stepper.
- the above embodiments can also be applied to a step-and-stitch projection exposure apparatus that combines a shot area and a shot area.
- each of the above embodiments can be applied to a proximity type exposure apparatus that does not use a projection optical system, and is also applicable to an immersion type exposure apparatus that exposes a substrate via an optical system and a liquid. can do.
- two patterns disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 6,611,316 are synthesized on a substrate via a projection optical system, and one scan exposure is performed. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to an exposure apparatus that performs double exposure of one shot area on the substrate almost simultaneously.
- the use of the exposure apparatus is not limited to a liquid crystal exposure apparatus that transfers a liquid crystal display element pattern onto a square glass plate.
- an exposure apparatus for semiconductor manufacturing, a thin film magnetic head, a micromachine, and a DNA chip The present invention can also be widely applied to an exposure apparatus for manufacturing the above.
- an exposure apparatus for manufacturing in order to manufacture not only microdevices such as semiconductor elements but also masks or reticles used in light exposure apparatuses, EUV exposure apparatuses, X-ray exposure apparatuses, electron beam exposure apparatuses, etc., glass substrates, silicon wafers, etc.
- the embodiments described above can also be applied to an exposure apparatus that transfers a circuit pattern.
- the object to be exposed is not limited to the glass plate, but may be another object such as a wafer, a ceramic substrate, or a mask blank.
- the step of designing the function and performance of the device the step of manufacturing a mask (or reticle) based on this design step, and the step of manufacturing a glass plate (or wafer)
- the developing step of developing the exposed glass plate, and the portion where the resist remains It is manufactured through an etching step for removing the exposed member of the portion by etching, a resist removing step for removing a resist that has become unnecessary after etching, a device assembly step, an inspection step, and the like.
- the exposure method described above is executed using the exposure apparatus of the above-described embodiment, and a device pattern is formed on the glass plate. Therefore, a highly integrated device can be manufactured with high productivity. .
- the drive system and drive method of the present invention are suitable for driving a controlled object accurately and stably.
- the exposure apparatus and exposure method of the present invention are suitable for forming a pattern on an object.
- the drive system design method of the present invention is suitable for designing a drive system whose stage is a control target.
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Abstract
Description
以下、第1の実施形態について、図1~図17に基づいて説明する。
NP1=b12s2+b11s+b10 …(2a)
NP2=b22s2+b21s+b20 …(2b)
DP=s2+C/(M1+M2)s …(2c)
DR=a4s2+(a3-a4C/(M1+M2))s+a1(M1+M2)/C …(2d)
である。この場合、フィードバック制御系(図6)に対する閉ループ伝達関数の特性方程式ACLは、1+C1P1+C2P2の分数式の分子部分により与えられる。すなわち、
ACL=DCDPDR+NC1NP1+NC2NP2 …(3)
特性方程式ACLにおいて、任意の解析関数αを用いて、次式(4)を満たすようにNC1,NC2を決定する。
これにより、開ループ伝達関数C1P1+C2P2=α/DCDPが得られ、P1,P2のそれぞれに含まれる共振振舞いを与える極(すなわちP1,P2のそれぞれが示す共振モード)が極零相殺される。さらに、特性方程式ACLが安定な極(本説明では便宜上、重根となるようにする)を有するように、すなわち次式(5)を満たすように、DC,αを決定する。
次に、第2の実施形態について、図6、図18~図24に基づいて説明する。ここで、前述した第1の実施形態と同一の構成部分には同一の符号を用いるものとする。この第2の実施形態に係る露光装置の構成等は、第1の実施形態と同様であるので装置構成等の説明は省略する。ただし、本第2の実施形態では、回転(傾斜)方向(θx方向、θy方向、及びθz方向)についてプレートステージPSTを駆動する駆動システムを取り扱うこととし、その設計等について説明する。ここでは、一例として、プレートステージPSTを、θz方向に駆動する駆動システムについて説明する。
NP1=k/J1 …(7a)
NP2=s2+k/J1 …(7b)
DP=J2s2 …(7c)
DR=s2+(k/J1)(1+J1/J2) …(7d)
である。この場合、フィードバック制御系(図6)の閉ループ伝達関数の特性方程式ACL(式(3))において、任意の解析関数αを用いて、式(4)を満たすようにNC1,NC2を決定する。これにより、開ループ伝達関数C1P1+C2P2=α/DCDPが得られ、P1,P2のそれぞれに含まれる共振振舞いを与える極(すなわちP1,P2のそれぞれが示す共振モード)が極零相殺される。さらに、特性方程式ACLが安定な極(本説明では便宜上、重根となるようにする)を有するように、すなわち式(5)を満たすように、DC,αを決定する。
次に、第3の実施形態について、図25及び図26に基づいて説明する。ここで、前述した第1の実施形態と同一若しくは同等の構成部分については、同一の符号を用いるとともに、その説明を簡略若しくは省略する。
次に、第4の実施形態について、図27~図29に基づいて説明する。
Claims (36)
- 操作量を与えて制御対象を駆動する駆動システムであって、
前記制御対象の第1部分に設けられた第1計測点の位置に関連する第1制御量を計測する第1計測器と、
前記制御対象の第2部分に設けられた第2計測点の位置に関連する第2制御量を計測する第2計測器と、
前記第1及び第2計測器の計測結果と目標値とに基づいて制御演算を行って前記操作量を求め、該操作量を前記制御対象に設けられた操作点に与える制御部と、を備え、
前記第2部分は、前記制御対象の前記操作点から前記第1計測点までを剛体としたときに現れる所定の振動状態において、前記第1部分とは逆相の関係にある駆動システム。 - 前記第1制御量は、前記第1部分の位置に関連する少なくとも1種類の物理量を含み、
前記第2制御量は、前記第2部分の位置に関連する少なくとも1種類の物理量を含む請求項1に記載の駆動システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記第1及び第2制御量のそれぞれと前記目標値との偏差を用いてそれぞれ制御演算を行い第1及び第2の量を求める第1、第2の制御器と、前記第1及び第2の量の和を算出し、該和を前記操作量として前記制御対象に与える加算器とを含む請求項1又は2に記載の駆動システム。
- 前記制御部は、
前記目標値が入力され、前記第1制御量及び前記第2制御量のラプラス変換X1,X2と前記第1、第2制御器のそれぞれに対応する伝達関数C1,C2とを用いてラプラス変換形U(X1,X2)=C1X1+C2X2で表現される演算式に従って前記操作量U(X1,X2)を求める閉ループ制御系を、前記制御対象と共に構成し、
前記伝達関数C1,C2は、前記第1及び第2部分に対応する伝達関数P1,P2のそれぞれに含まれる前記共振モードに対応する極が伝達関数C1P1+C2P2において相殺されるように決定されている請求項3に記載の駆動システム。 - 前記伝達関数P1,P2の具体形は、前記第1及び第2部分の運動をばねにより連結された2つの剛体の運動として表現する力学模型を用いて与えられる請求項4に記載の駆動システム。
- 前記伝達関数P1,P2は、前記操作量と前記第1及び第2制御量のラプラス変換(U,X1,X2)を用いてP1=X1/U,P2=X2/Uと定義され、
前記力学模型に含まれる各種パラメータは、前記操作量に対する前記第1及び第2制御量の実測結果を、前記定義式P1=X1/U,P2=X2/Uに適用することにより求められる前記伝達関数P1,P2の周波数応答特性を、前記伝達関数P1,P2の具体形が再現するように決定されている請求項5に記載の駆動システム。 - 前記伝達関数P1,P2は、前記剛体モード及び前記共振モードの特性をそれぞれ表現する関数DP,DRを用いて分数式P1=NP1/DPDR,P2=NP2/DPDRにより表され、
前記伝達関数C1,C2は、分数式C1=NC1/DC,C2=NC2/DCにより表され、
前記伝達関数C1,C2の分母部分DCは、DCDP+α(αは任意の解析関数)が任意の安定な極を有するように決定されている請求項4~6のいずれか一項に記載の駆動システム。 - 前記伝達関数C1,C2の分子部分NC1,NC2は、前記閉ループ制御系の伝達関数の特性方程式ACL=DCDPDR+NC1NP1+NC2NP2がACL=(DCDP+α)DRを満たすように、前記任意の解析関数α及び前記剛体モードに係るパラメータのみにより与えられる定数a,bを用いてNC1=aα、NC2=bαと決定されている請求項7に記載の駆動システム。
- 前記制御対象は、並進方向に駆動され、
前記第1及び第2制御量は、前記第1及び第2部分のそれぞれの前記並進方向に関する位置に関連する物理量の少なくとも1つを含む請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の駆動システム。 - 前記制御対象は、回転方向に駆動され、
前記第1及び第2制御量は、前記第1及び第2部分のそれぞれの前記回転方向に関する位置に関連する物理量の少なくとも1つを含む請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の駆動システム。 - 前記制御対象の前記第1及び第2部分は、それぞれ、並進及び回転方向に駆動され、
前記第1制御量は、前記第1部分の前記並進方向に関する位置に関連する物理量の少なくとも1つを含み、
前記第2制御量は、前記第2部分の前記回転方向に関する位置に関連する物理量の少なくとも1つを含む請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の駆動システム。 - エネルギビームで物体を露光して前記物体上にパターンを形成する露光装置であって、
前記物体を保持して所定面上を移動する移動体を前記制御対象とする請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の駆動システムを備える露光装置。 - 前記移動体は、前記所定面上を移動する第1移動体と、該第1移動体上で前記物体を保持して移動する第2移動体とを有し、
前記制御対象の前記第1及び第2部分は、それぞれ、前記第1及び第2移動体に含まれる請求項12に記載の露光装置。 - 前記移動体は、前記物体を保持して所定面上を移動する第1移動体と、該第1移動体の一部を構成するナット部とともに送りねじ機構を構成するねじ部を含む第2移動体とを有し、
前記制御対象の前記第1及び第2部分は、それぞれ、前記第1及び第2移動体に含まれる請求項12に記載の露光装置。 - エネルギビームによりマスクを介して物体を露光する露光装置であって、
前記マスクを保持して移動する移動体を前記制御対象とする請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の駆動システムを備える露光装置。 - 制御対象の第1部分の位置に関連する第1制御量を計測することと、
前記制御対象の第2部分の位置に関連する第2制御量を計測することと、
前記第1及び第2制御量の計測結果と目標値とに基づいて制御演算を行って操作量を求め、該操作量を前記制御対象に与えて前記制御対象を駆動することと、を有する駆動方法であって、
前記第2部分は、前記制御対象の前記操作点から前記第1計測点までを剛体としたときに現れる所定の振動状態において、前記第1部分とは逆相の関係にある駆動方法。 - 前記第1制御量は前記第1部分の位置に関連する少なくとも1種類の物理量であり、前記第2制御量は前記第2部分の位置に関連する少なくとも1種類の物理量である請求項16に記載の駆動方法。
- 前記駆動することでは、前記第1及び第2制御量のそれぞれと前記目標値との偏差を用いてそれぞれ制御演算を行い第1及び第2の量を求め、前記第1及び第2の量の和を算出し、該和を前記操作量として前記制御対象に与える請求項16又は17に記載の駆動方法。
- 前記駆動することでは、前記第1及び第2制御量のラプラス変換X1,X2と前記第1及び第2の量を求めるための制御演算にそれぞれ対応する伝達関数C1,C2と用いてラプラス変換形U(X1,X2)=C1X1+C2X2により与えられる演算式に従って前記操作量U(X1,X2)を求め、
前記伝達関数C1,C2は、前記第1及び第2部分に対応する伝達関数P1,P2のそれぞれに含まれる前記共振モードに対応する極が伝達関数C1P1+C2P2において相殺されるように決定される請求項18に記載の駆動方法。 - 前記伝達関数P1,P2の具体形は、前記第1及び第2部分の運動をばねにより連結された2つの剛体の運動として表現する力学模型を用いて与えられる請求項19に記載の駆動方法。
- 前記伝達関数P1,P2は、前記操作量と前記第1及び第2制御量のラプラス変換(U,X1,X2)を用いてP1=X1/U,P2=X2/Uと定義され、
前記力学模型に含まれる各種パラメータは、前記操作量に対する前記第1及び第2制御量の実測結果を、前記定義式P1=X1/U,P2=X2/Uに適用することにより求められる前記伝達関数P1,P2の周波数応答特性を、前記伝達関数P1,P2の具体形が再現するように決定される請求項20に記載の駆動方法。 - 前記伝達関数P1,P2は、前記剛体モード及び前記共振モードの特性をそれぞれ表現する関数DP,DRを用いて分数式P1=NP1/DPDR,P2=NP2/DPDRにより表され、
前記伝達関数C1,C2は、分数式C1=NC1/DC,C2=NC2/DCにより表され、
前記伝達関数C1,C2の分母部分DCは、DCDP+α(αは任意の解析関数)が任意の安定な極を有するように決定されている請求項19~21のいずれか一項に記載の駆動方法。 - 前記伝達関数C1,C2の分子部分NC1,NC2は、前記閉ループ制御系の伝達関数の特性方程式ACL=DCDPDR+NC1NP1+NC2NP2がACL=(DCDP+α)DRを満たすように、前記任意の解析関数α及び前記剛体モードに係るパラメータのみにより与えられる定数a,bを用いてNC1=aα、NC2=bαと決定されている請求項22に記載の駆動方法。
- 前記計測することでは、前記第1及び第2制御量として、前記第1及び第2部分のそれぞれの並進方向に関する位置に関連する物理量の少なくとも1つを計測し、
前記駆動することでは、前記制御対象を、前記並進方向に駆動する請求項16~23のいずれか一項に記載の駆動方法。 - 前記計測することでは、前記第1及び第2制御量は、前記第1及び第2部分のそれぞれの回転方向に関する位置に関連する物理量の少なくとも1つを計測し、
前記駆動することでは、前記制御対象を、前記回転方向に駆動する請求項16~24のいずれか一項に記載の駆動方法。 - 前記計測することでは、前記第1制御量として前記第1部分の並進方向に関する位置に関連する物理量の少なくとも1つを、前記第2制御量として、前記第2部分の回転方向に関する位置に関連する物理量の少なくとも1つを、それぞれ計測し、
前記駆動することでは、前記制御対象の前記第1及び第2部分を、それぞれ、前記並進及び前記回転方向に駆動する請求項16~23のいずれか一項に記載の駆動方法。 - エネルギビームで物体を露光して前記物体上にパターンを形成する露光方法であって、
請求項16~26のいずれか一項に記載の駆動方法により、前記物体を保持して所定面上を移動する移動体を、前記制御対象として、駆動することを含む露光方法。 - 前記所定面上を移動する第1移動体と、該第1移動体上で前記物体を保持して移動する第2移動体とを有する前記移動体が、前記制御対象とされ、
前記移動体の駆動に際して、前記第1移動体の位置に関連する第1制御量、及び前記剛体モードに対し前記第1移動体と逆相の共振モードを示す前記第2移動体の位置に関連する第2制御量が、計測される請求項27に記載の露光方法。 - 前記物体を保持して所定面上を移動する第1移動体と、該第1移動体の一部を構成するナット部とともに送りねじ機構を構成するねじ部を含む第2移動体とを有する前記移動体が、前記制御対象とされ、
前記移動体の駆動に際して、前記第1移動体の位置に関連する第1制御量、及び前記剛体モードに対し前記第1移動体と逆相の共振モードを示す前記第2移動体の位置に関連する第2制御量が、計測される請求項27に記載の露光方法。 - エネルギビームによりマスクを介して物体を露光する露光方法であって、
請求項16~26のいずれか一項に記載の駆動方法により、前記マスクを保持して移動する移動体を前記制御対象として駆動することを含む露光方法。 - 制御対象を駆動する駆動システムを設計する駆動システム設計方法であって、
剛体モードに対する振動モードが互いに逆相となる前記制御対象の第1部分及び第2部分に、それぞれの位置に関連する第1制御量及び第2制御量を計測する第1及び第2計測器を設置することを含む駆動システム設計方法。 - 前記制御対象に与える操作量を求めるための演算式を、前記第1及び第2制御量のラプラス変換X1,X2と、前記第1及び第2制御量のそれぞれと目標値との偏差を用いてそれぞれ第1及び第2の量を求めるための制御演算にそれぞれ対応する伝達関数C1,C2と用いてラプラス変換形U(X1,X2)=C1X1+C2X2により与え、前記伝達関数C1,C2を、前記第1及び第2部分に対応する伝達関数P1,P2のそれぞれに含まれる前記共振モードに対応する極が伝達関数C1P1+C2P2において相殺されるように決定することを、さらに含む請求項31に記載の駆動システム設計方法。
- 前記決定することでは、前記伝達関数P1,P2の具体形を、前記第1及び第2部分の運動をばねにより連結された2つの剛体の運動として表現する力学模型を用いて与える請求項32に記載の駆動システム設計方法。
- 前記伝達関数P1,P2は、前記操作量と前記第1及び第2制御量のラプラス変換(U,X1,X2)を用いてP1=X1/U,P2=X2/Uと定義され、
前記力学模型に含まれる各種パラメータを、前記操作量に対する前記第1及び第2制御量を計測し、該計測結果を前記定義式P1=X1/U,P2=X2/Uに適用することにより求められる前記伝達関数P1,P2の周波数応答特性を、前記伝達関数P1,P2の具体形が再現するように、決定する、請求項33に記載の駆動システム設計方法。 - 前記伝達関数P1,P2は、前記剛体モード及び前記共振モードの特性をそれぞれ表現する関数DP,DRを用いて分数式P1=NP1/DPDR,P2=NP2/DPDRにより表され、
前記伝達関数C1,C2は、分数式C1=NC1/DC,C2=NC2/DCにより表され、
前記決定することでは、前記伝達関数C1,C2の分母部分DCを、DCDP+α(αは任意の解析関数)が任意の安定な極を有するように決定する請求項32~34のいずれか一項に記載の駆動システム設計方法。 - 前記決定することでは、前記伝達関数C1,C2の分子部分NC1,NC2を、前記閉ループ制御系の伝達関数の特性方程式ACL=DCDPDR+NC1NP1+NC2NP2がACL=(DCDP+α)DRを満たすように、前記任意の解析関数α及び前記剛体モードに係るパラメータのみにより与えられる定数a,bを用いてNC1=aα、NC2=bαと決定する請求項35に記載の駆動システム設計方法。
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EP2669931A4 (en) | 2017-08-16 |
US20140028992A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
KR20140031854A (ko) | 2014-03-13 |
JPWO2012102060A1 (ja) | 2014-06-30 |
EP2669931A1 (en) | 2013-12-04 |
EP2669931B1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
KR20190008989A (ko) | 2019-01-25 |
JP5909451B2 (ja) | 2016-04-26 |
US9188878B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
KR101940208B1 (ko) | 2019-04-10 |
KR102082846B1 (ko) | 2020-02-28 |
CN103620737B (zh) | 2016-12-28 |
CN103620737A (zh) | 2014-03-05 |
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