WO2012089103A1 - 一种环己肽类化合物及其盐的分离纯化方法 - Google Patents

一种环己肽类化合物及其盐的分离纯化方法 Download PDF

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WO2012089103A1
WO2012089103A1 PCT/CN2011/084737 CN2011084737W WO2012089103A1 WO 2012089103 A1 WO2012089103 A1 WO 2012089103A1 CN 2011084737 W CN2011084737 W CN 2011084737W WO 2012089103 A1 WO2012089103 A1 WO 2012089103A1
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caspofungin
acetic acid
aqueous
purity
resin
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PCT/CN2011/084737
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张福利
裘鹏程
杨春波
王环
潘林玉
成碟
俞旭峰
阳凯
刘磊
朱国荣
柴健
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浙江海正药业股份有限公司
上海医药工业研究院
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Publication of WO2012089103A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012089103A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/50Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link
    • C07K7/54Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link with at least one abnormal peptide link in the ring
    • C07K7/56Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link with at least one abnormal peptide link in the ring the cyclisation not occurring through 2,4-diamino-butanoic acid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for separating and purifying a cyclohexyl peptide compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and more particularly to a method for separating and purifying caspofungin.
  • Caspofungin is a semi-synthetic derivative of pulmonary nystatin B Q , which was first marketed in the United States in February 2001.
  • the caspofungin structure is shown in Formula I.
  • This product has broad-spectrum antifungal activity, suitable for esophageal candidiasis, and other drugs such as amphotericin B, amphotericin B liposome, itraconazole, etc. ineffective or intolerant invasive aspergillosis.
  • caspofungin acetate is described in W09421677, EP620232, W09624613, US555252K W09747645, US5936062, WO02083713, EP1785432 and J. Org. Chem., 2007, 72, 2335-2343.
  • the synthesized caspofungin needs to be separated and purified to achieve the purity of the medicinal standard.
  • the method for its separation and purification is described in J. LIQ. CHROM. & REL. TECHNOL., 24(6), 781-798 (2001), using a preparative column chromatography device, C18 reverse chromatography packing, requiring column efficiency not lower than 15000 trays/meter, mobile phase using acetonitrile/acidic aqueous solution, preparation and separation of caspofungin synthesis intermediate and caspofungin.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a method for separating and purifying a cyclohexyl peptide compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is characterized in that it is isolated and purified by a macroporous adsorption resin to a purity of a pharmaceutical standard.
  • the cyclohexyl peptide compound is preferably caspofungin.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for separating and purifying caspofungin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which comprises the steps of:
  • caspofungin is eluted with an aqueous solution of 10% to 45% by volume of an organic solvent, and the eluate is concentrated to obtain caspofungin or a salt thereof.
  • the product obtained in the step 2) is dissolved in an alcohol solvent or water, and an anti-solvent is added dropwise to precipitate a solid, which is filtered to obtain caspofungin or a salt thereof.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for separating and purifying caspofungin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which comprises the steps of:
  • the caspofungin is eluted with an aqueous solution having a volume of 10% to 45% of an organic solvent, and the eluate is concentrated to obtain caspofungin or a salt thereof.
  • the product obtained in the step 3 is dissolved in an alcohol or water, an anti-solvent is added dropwise, a solid is precipitated, and caspofungin or a salt thereof is filtered.
  • step 1 of the process of the invention can be prepared according to the known documents W09421677, EP620232, W09624613, US555252K W09747645, US5936062, WO02083713, EP1785432 and J. Org. Chem., 2007, 72, 2335-2343. . It is stated herein that the relevant content of these documents is incorporated into the specification of the present invention.
  • the macroporous adsorption resin column can be loaded by wet or dry loading.
  • the macroporous adsorption resin is selected from the group consisting of polar or non-polar macroporous adsorption resins, preferably HP series, SP series, Amberlite XAD series or Hz series, etc., more preferably HP20SS, Hz832, Hz20SS, Hz818 or H-60 resin.
  • the aqueous solution of the macroporous adsorption resin eluent is an acidic or neutral aqueous solution, preferably an acidic aqueous solution.
  • the acidic aqueous solution has a pH of 2.5 to 3.0.
  • the acidic aqueous solution is selected from the group consisting of aqueous hydrochloric acid, aqueous acetic acid, aqueous trifluoroacetic acid, aqueous perchloric acid or aqueous sulfuric acid; preferably aqueous acetic acid.
  • the aqueous acetic acid solution is selected from aqueous solutions of acetic acid having a volume percentage of 0.1% to 5%, preferably from 0.5% to 2% by volume of aqueous acetic acid.
  • the neutral aqueous solution is pure water.
  • the organic solvent in the eluate of the macroporous adsorption resin of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile or isopropanol; preferably acetonitrile, ethanol or acetone; most preferably acetonitrile.
  • the organic solvent in the eluate has a volume content of 10% to 45%, preferably 10% to 20%, and most preferably 12% to 15%.
  • the crude sample amount and the resin volume ratio are selected from 1 g: 10 ml to 1 g: 300 ml, preferably 1 g: 50 ml to 1 g: 150 ml.
  • the alcohol described in the method of the invention is a lower alcohol capable of dissolving caspofungin, mainly methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, and the anti-solvent is ethyl acetate having less solubility or insoluble to caspofungin.
  • Solvents such as hexamidine, petroleum ether, toluene and higher alcohols.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for separating and purifying caspofungin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which comprises the following steps in more detail:
  • the crude caspofungin solution was dissolved in an aqueous solution, and a macroporous adsorption resin column was applied.
  • the macroporous adsorption resin is selected from polar or non-polar macroporous adsorption resins such as HP series, SP series, and Amberlite XAD series ⁇ Hz series.
  • the macroporous adsorption resin preferably has a particle size of 50 mesh or more, preferably from HP20SS, Hz832, Hz20SS, Hz818 or H-60 resin.
  • the ratio (w/v) of the crude sample loading mass to the macroporous adsorption resin is selected from 1:10 to 1:300, preferably from 1:50 to 1:150.
  • the aqueous solution may be an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, an aqueous solution of acetic acid, an aqueous solution of trifluoroacetic acid, an aqueous solution of perchloric acid or an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid; an aqueous solution of acetic acid is preferred.
  • the aqueous acetic acid solution is selected from aqueous solutions of acetic acid having a volume percentage of 0.1% to 5%, preferably from 0.5% to 2% by volume of aqueous acetic acid.
  • the pH of the aqueous solution is preferably from 2.5 to 3.0.
  • the resin column may be first rinsed with an acidic or neutral aqueous solution and then rinsed with an acid or neutral aqueous solution of several times the resin volume of 5% to 30% (v/v) organic solvent to remove impurities contained in the caspofungin.
  • the acidic or neutral aqueous solution is the same configuration as when loading.
  • the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, ethanol or isopropanol; preferably from ethanol, acetonitrile or acetone.
  • the caspofungin is eluted with an acidic or neutral aqueous solution of an organic solvent having a volume of 10% to 45%, and the acid or neutral aqueous solution is used in the same configuration as when the sample is applied.
  • the organic solvent in the eluate of the macroporous adsorption resin is selected from the group consisting of methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, ethanol or isopropanol; preferably from ethanol, acetonitrile or acetone; most preferably acetonitrile.
  • the volume of the organic solvent in the eluent is from 10% to 45%, preferably from 10% to 20%, most preferably from 12% to 15%.
  • the crude sample amount and the resin volume ratio are selected from 1:10 to 1:300 (gram:ml), preferably 1:50 to 1:150 (gram: milliliter).
  • the purity of the eluate was confirmed by high-performance liquid phase, and the desired eluate was combined and concentrated to obtain a product.
  • the obtained product may be dissolved in an acidic or neutral aqueous solution and then purified by secondary separation of the resin. It can also be dissolved in an easy-to-capacity solvent such as ethanol or methanol, and a non-soluble solvent such as ethyl acetate is added dropwise to crystallize to obtain caspofungin.
  • caspofungin product with a liquid phase purity of >90% can be collected on the first separation and purification, and then the product is subjected to a second separation, and then the caspofungin product having a liquid phase purity of >99% is collected.
  • the second separation and purification operation was the same as the first operation. It is also possible to directly collect caspofungin products with a liquid phase purity of >99% on the first separation and purification.
  • caspofungin After the elution of caspofungin, the purity of the eluate was confirmed by high-performance liquid phase, and the eluate having a purity of >99% was combined, and the solution was concentrated at a low temperature to obtain caspofungin or a salt thereof.
  • the aqueous solution of caspofungin When dissolving the aqueous solution of caspofungin and When the aqueous solution as the eluent is pure water, it is obtained by caspofungin.
  • the corresponding salt of caspofungin is obtained; preferably caspofungin acetate is obtained because it is a pharmaceutically active ingredient; if other caspofungin salts are obtained It can be converted to caspofungin acetate by conventional methods in the art. It can be converted to caspofungin acetate by ion exchange resin, or added to the base free caspofungin salt, and then added with acetic acid to form caspofungin acetate.
  • the obtained caspofungin or a salt thereof can be dissolved in a solvent such as an aqueous solution of an alcohol, water or an aqueous acetic acid solution, and then a non-soluble solvent such as ethyl acetate is added dropwise to crystallize caspofungin or a salt thereof.
  • a solvent such as an aqueous solution of an alcohol, water or an aqueous acetic acid solution
  • a non-soluble solvent such as ethyl acetate
  • caspofungin or its salt is converted into a solid, which is convenient for storage, transportation, weighing and the like.
  • the invention has simple operation and high degree of separation, and the separated product can reach the purity of the medicinal standard, can be conveniently expanded in the same proportion, and is easy to be industrialized. It is known that separation and purification methods for obtaining caspofungin acetate in accordance with pharmaceutical standards must use several preparative chromatography steps to purify the intermediate and final product. The multiple use of the chromatographic step makes the cost in industrial production increase greatly, resulting in more three wastes, which also increases the difficulty of operation; therefore, the preparative chromatography step is required for industrial production. In the present invention, the caspofungin acetate synthesis intermediate and the final product are not purified by the preparative chromatography step, and the macroporous adsorption resin is used to separate and purify the final product 1-2 times.
  • the steps have the following advantages: Since the molecular weight of caspofungin is large, about 1092, the ordinary silica gel column and the preparative column have a fine pore size, and the adsorption capacity of the large molecular weight product is strong, and it is difficult to elute;
  • the pore-adsorbing resin has a large pore diameter and is compatible with the caspofungin or its salt to be separated, so that the use of the macroporous adsorption resin can provide a good elution separation effect.
  • the caspofungin acetate separated and purified by macroporous adsorption resin has high yield and product purity, which is beneficial to reduce cost and quality control of the final product.
  • the use of an inexpensive macroporous adsorption resin as a separation medium has a very large cost advantage over the preparation of expensive fillers in the chromatography step, and the macroporous adsorption resin can be repeatedly repeated after washing activation. Use; Most of the elution solvent used is water, which greatly reduces the cost and environmental pollution compared to the use of a large amount of chromatographically pure organic reagents in the preparative chromatography step.
  • the equipment used for the macroporous adsorption resin is a common glass column, which has low equipment requirements, simple operation, safety and high efficiency.
  • the present invention has great advantages in terms of product quality, cost, equipment requirements, and environmental pollution as compared with the prior art. detailed description
  • the solution concentrations mentioned in the present invention are all volume percent concentrations.
  • HP20SS resin used in the examples was purchased from Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan; Hz20ss resin, Hz832 resin,
  • H-60 resin was purchased from East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai Zhenhua Technology Co., Ltd. The purity of the products in the examples were all determined by liquid chromatography.
  • Example 1
  • the crude product (purity 50%) lg obtained by the synthesis of caspofungin was dissolved in 20 ml of a 1% aqueous acetic acid solution. Load the resin column at a flow rate of lBV/h.
  • the crude product (purity 50%) lg obtained by the synthesis of caspofungin was dissolved in 20 ml of a 2% aqueous acetic acid solution. Load the resin column at a flow rate of 1 BV/h. Rinse with 400 ml of 2% aqueous acetic acid solution and rinse with 500 ml of 10% acetonitrile in 2% aqueous acetic acid. Caspofungin was eluted with 15% acetonitrile in 2% aqueous acetic acid. After liquid phase detection, the eluates with a purity of >99% were combined and concentrated to dryness to obtain 0.13 g of caspofungin acetate, and the final purity was 99.7%.
  • the crude product (purity 50%) lg obtained by the synthesis of caspofungin was dissolved in 20 ml of a 1% aqueous acetic acid solution. Load the resin column at a flow rate of lBV/h.
  • the crude product (purity 50%) lg obtained by the synthesis of caspofungin was dissolved in 20 ml of a 2% aqueous acetic acid solution. Load the resin column at a flow rate of lBV/h.
  • a column of 100 ml of Hz832 resin and 500 ml of a 1% aqueous solution of acetic acid were used to equilibrate the resin column.
  • the crude product (purity 50%) lg obtained by the synthesis of caspofungin was dissolved in 20 ml of a 1% aqueous acetic acid solution. Load the resin column at a flow rate of 1 BV/h.
  • the crude product (purity 50%) lg obtained by the synthesis of caspofungin was dissolved in 20 ml of a 1% aqueous acetic acid solution. Load the resin column at a flow rate of lBV/h.
  • the crude product (purity 50%) lg obtained by the synthesis of caspofungin was dissolved in 20 ml of a 1% aqueous acetic acid solution. Load the resin column at a flow rate of lBV/h.
  • the caspofungin obtained in any of Examples 3-8 was subjected to one-time separation and purification of the product lg, and dissolved in 20 ml of a 1% aqueous acetic acid solution. Load the resin column and the flow rate is about lBV/h. Rinse with 400 ml of 1% aqueous acetic acid and rinse with 500 ml of 10% acetonitrile in 1% aqueous acetic acid.
  • the caspofungin was eluted with 12% acetonitrile in 1% aqueous acetic acid solution, and the liquid phase was detected, and the elution was carried out in >99% purity, and concentrated to dryness at a low temperature to obtain caspofungin acetate 0.4 g. The final purity was 99.8%. The remaining eluate with a purity of ⁇ 99% was concentrated under reduced pressure and recovered.
  • the caspofungin obtained in any of Examples 3-8 was subjected to one-time separation and purification of the product lg, and dissolved in 20 ml of a 1% aqueous acetic acid solution. Load the resin column and the flow rate is about lBV/h. Rinse with 400 ml of 1% aqueous acetic acid and rinse with 500 ml of 10% acetonitrile in 1% aqueous acetic acid.
  • the caspofungin was eluted with 12% acetonitrile in 1% aqueous acetic acid solution, and the mixture was tested by liquid phase, and the eluent was purified to a purity of >99%, and concentrated to dryness at a low temperature to obtain caspofyl acetate 0.45 g. The final purity was 99.8%. The remaining eluent with a purity of ⁇ 99% is concentrated and recovered for reuse.
  • the caspofungin obtained in any of Examples 3-8 was subjected to one-time separation and purification of the product lg, and dissolved in 20 ml of a 0.5% aqueous acetic acid solution.
  • the resin column was loaded and the flow rate was about lBV/h. Rinse with 400 ml of 0.5% aqueous acetic acid and rinse with 500 ml of 10% acetonitrile in 0.5% aqueous acetic acid.
  • the caspofungin was eluted with a 0.5% aqueous solution of acetonitrile in 0.5% acetic acid, and the mixture was purified by liquid phase, and the eluent was purified to a purity of >99%, and concentrated to dryness at a low temperature to obtain 0.42 g of caspofungin acetate. The final purity was 99.8%. The remaining eluent with a purity of ⁇ 99% is concentrated and recovered for reuse.
  • the caspofungin obtained in any of Examples 3-8 was subjected to one-time separation and purification of the product lg, and dissolved in 20 ml of a 2% aqueous acetic acid solution. Load the resin column and the flow rate is about lBV/h. Rinse with 400 ml of a 2% aqueous solution of acetic acid, and rinse with 500 ml of a 2% aqueous solution of acetic acid in 10% acetone.
  • Caspofungin was eluted with 15% acetone in 2% aqueous acetic acid. After liquid phase detection, the eluent with a purity of >99% was combined and concentrated to dryness at a low temperature to obtain 0.35 g of caspofungin acetate, and the final purity was 99.8%. The remaining eluate with a purity of ⁇ 99% was concentrated under reduced pressure and recovered.
  • Example 13 A column of 100 ml of HP20SS resin and 500 ml of a 2% aqueous acetic acid solution were used to equilibrate the resin column.
  • the crude product (purity 50%) lg obtained by the synthesis of caspofungin was dissolved in 20 ml of a 1% aqueous acetic acid solution. Load the resin column at a flow rate of 1 BV/h.
  • the crude product (purity 50%) lg obtained by the synthesis of caspofungin was dissolved in 20 ml of a 1% aqueous acetic acid solution. Load the resin column at a flow rate of lBV/h.
  • the crude product (purity 50%) lg obtained by the synthesis of caspofungin was dissolved in 20 ml of a 1% aqueous acetic acid solution. Load the resin column at a flow rate of lBV/h.
  • Example 16 After adding 5 ml of methanol to dissolve, ethyl acetate was added dropwise to precipitate a solid, which was filtered. Obtained with a purity of >99% and a single impurity ⁇ 0.1% of caspofungin acetate. The remaining eluent with a purity of ⁇ 99% is recovered and then applied or Perform a second separation.
  • Example 16 After adding 5 ml of methanol to dissolve, ethyl acetate was added dropwise to precipitate a solid, which was filtered. Obtained with a purity of >99% and a single impurity ⁇ 0.1% of caspofungin acetate. The remaining eluent with a purity of ⁇ 99% is recovered and then applied or Perform a second separation.
  • Example 16 Example 16:
  • the crude product (purity 50%) lg obtained by the synthesis of caspofungin was dissolved in 20 ml of a 1% aqueous acetic acid solution. Load the resin column at a flow rate of lBV/h.

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Description

一种环己肽类化合物及其盐的分离纯化方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种环己肽类化合物或其药学上可接受盐的分离纯化方法, 更 具体的涉及卡泊芬净的分离纯化方法。 背景技术
卡泊芬净 (caspofungin) 为肺念菌素 BQ的半合成衍生物, 其醋酸盐于 2001 年 2月在美国首次上市。卡泊芬净结构式如式 I所示。本品具有广谱抗真菌活性, 适用于食管念珠菌病, 以及其它药物如两性霉素 B、 两性霉素 B脂质体、 伊曲 康唑等治疗无效或不耐受的侵入性曲霉病。
Figure imgf000002_0001
I 醋酸卡泊芬净的制备方法描述在 W09421677、 EP620232, W09624613, US555252K W09747645, US5936062, WO02083713, EP1785432和 J.Org.Chem., 2007, 72, 2335-2343中。
所合成的卡泊芬净, 需经分离纯化后, 方可达到药用标准的纯度。 其分离 纯化的方法描述在 J. LIQ. CHROM. & REL. TECHNOL., 24(6), 781-798(2001)中, 使用制备柱色谱装置, C18反向色谱填料, 要求柱效不能低于 15000塔板数 /米, 流动相使用乙腈 /酸性水溶液,对卡泊芬净合成中间体及卡泊芬净进行制备分离。
US5378804, US555252K US2009291996, US2009324635, WO200915134K WO2010064219和 US2010168415均披露了使用反相制备色谱来纯化卡泊芬净的 方法, 其用乙腈 /酸性水溶液洗脱, 合并富集卡泊芬净流份, 冻干得到产品。 现 有技术有如下缺点: 1 ) 使用制备色谱系统, 设备要求高; 2 ) 制备色谱系统多 为高压系统, 放大生产具有安全隐患; 3 ) 采用 C18 反向填料, 价格较贵; 4) 分离后需要对流份进行冻干操作, 增大成本和动力资源的消耗; 5) 所得卡泊芬 净根据所选酸性水溶液的不同, 有时不为醋酸, 而药用卡泊芬净为醋酸盐, 还 需经过离子交换树脂进行转盐的操作, 一方面增加了操作步骤, 另一方面由于 卡泊芬净本身不十分稳定, 过多的操作增加了杂质产生的可能; 6) 卡泊芬净的 部分合成中间体也需经制备柱色谱系统纯化, 增加了操作步骤和成本。
就分离纯化的产率、 纯度、 稳定性和成本而言, 已知方法不是用于工业生 产的最佳方法。 已知对醋酸卡泊芬净分离纯化的方法必须对其合成中间体和最 后产品都使用制备色谱步骤以纯化中间体和最终产物。 制备色谱步骤的多次使 用, 使得工业生产中成本大幅增加, 产生较多的三废, 也提高了操作的难度, 很难进行大规模的工业生产; 所以需要进一步研究适合工业化生产的醋酸卡泊 芬净的分离纯化方法和工艺条件。 发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供了一种环己肽类化合物或其药学上可接受盐的 分离纯化方法, 其特征在于采用大孔吸附树脂分离纯化, 可达药用标准的纯度。 其中环己肽化合物优选卡泊芬净。
本发明的另一目的在于提供了一种卡泊芬净或其药学上可接受的盐的分离纯 化方法, 其包括以下步骤:
1) 取卡泊芬净粗品, 上样大孔吸附树脂柱;
2) 用体积含量为 10%〜45%有机溶剂的水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净,洗脱液浓缩, 得卡泊芬净或其盐,
3) 任选地, 将步骤 2)所得产物溶解于醇类溶剂或水中, 滴加反溶剂, 析出 固体, 过滤得卡泊芬净或其盐。
本发明的另一目的在于提供了一种卡泊芬净或其药学上可接受的盐的分离纯 化方法, 其包括以下步骤:
1 ) 取卡泊芬净粗品, 上样大孔吸附树脂柱。
2)用逐渐增加有机溶剂比例的洗脱液(有机溶剂的体积百分比为 0%-30% ) 进行冲洗, 除去卡泊芬净中的杂质。
3 )用体积含量为 10%〜45%有机溶剂的水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净,洗脱液浓缩, 得卡泊芬净或其盐。
4)可选择的将步骤 3所得产物溶解于醇类或水中,滴加反溶剂,析出固体, 过滤得卡泊芬净或其盐。
本发明方法步骤 1 中所述的卡泊芬净粗品可按已知文献 W09421677、 EP620232, W09624613, US555252K W09747645、 US5936062, WO02083713, EP1785432和 J.Org.Chem., 2007, 72, 2335-2343所制备。 在此声明, 这些文献的 相关内容并入本发明说明书中。
大孔吸附树脂柱上样时可采用湿法或干法上样。 其中大孔吸附树脂选自极 性或非极性大孔吸附树脂, 优选为 HP系列、 SP系列、 Amberlite XAD系列或 Hz系列等, 更优选为 HP20SS、 Hz832、 Hz20SS、 Hz818或 H-60树脂。
本发明中大孔吸附树脂洗脱液中水溶液为酸性或中性水溶液, 优选为酸性 水溶液。 酸性水溶液 pH值为 2.5〜3.0。 酸性水溶液选自盐酸水溶液、 醋酸水溶 液、 三氟醋酸水溶液、 高氯酸水溶液或硫酸水溶液; 优选醋酸水溶液。 醋酸水 溶液选自体积百分比为 0.1%〜5%的醋酸水溶液,优选自体积百分比为 0.5%~2% 的醋酸水溶液。 所述中性水溶液为纯水。
本发明中大孔吸附树脂洗脱液中有机溶剂选自甲醇、 乙醇、 丙酮、 乙腈或 异丙醇; 优选乙腈、 乙醇或丙酮; 最优选为乙腈。 所述洗脱液中有机溶剂的体 积含量为 10%〜45%, 优选 10%〜20%, 最优选 12%〜15%。粗品样品量和树脂 体积比选自 1克: 10毫升〜 1克: 300毫升, 优选 1克: 50毫升〜 1克: 150毫升。
本发明方法中所述的醇类为能溶解卡泊芬净的低级醇类, 主要为甲醇、 乙 醇、 异丙醇, 所述反溶剂为对卡泊芬净溶解度较小或不溶的乙酸乙酯、 正己垸、 石油醚、 甲苯和高级醇类等溶剂。
本发明的另一目的在于提供了一种卡泊芬净或其药学上可接受的盐的分离纯 化方法, 其更详细地包括以下步骤:
1)上样:
将卡泊芬净粗品溶于水溶液中, 上样大孔吸附树脂柱。 大孔吸附树脂选自 HP 系列、 SP系列、 Amberlite XAD系歹 Hz系列等极性或非极性大孔吸附树脂。 大孔吸附树脂优选自颗粒度为 50 目以上, 优选自 HP20SS、 Hz832、 Hz20SS、 Hz818或 H-60树脂。粗品上样质量和大孔吸附树脂用量的比(w/v)选自 1:10〜 1:300, 优选自 1:50〜1:150。 所述水溶液可为盐酸水溶液、 醋酸水溶液、 三氟醋 酸水溶液、 高氯酸水溶液或硫酸水溶液; 优选醋酸水溶液。 醋酸水溶液选自体 积百分比为 0.1%〜5%的醋酸水溶液,优选自体积百分比为 0.5%~2%的醋酸水溶 液。 所述水溶液 pH值优选为 2.5〜3.0。
2)洗脱:
可先用酸性或中性水溶液冲洗树脂柱, 再用数倍树脂体积的 5%~30% (v/v) 有机溶剂的酸性或中性水溶液冲洗, 除去卡泊芬净中含有的杂质。 酸性或中性 水溶液与上样时采用相同配置。 有机溶剂选自甲醇、 丙酮、 乙腈、 乙醇或异丙 醇; 优选自乙醇、 乙腈或丙酮。
卡泊芬净的洗脱:
用体积含量为 10%〜45%的有机溶剂的酸性或中性水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净,酸 性或中性水溶液与上样时采用相同配置。 其中大孔吸附树脂洗脱液中有机溶剂 选自甲醇、 丙酮、 乙腈、 乙醇或异丙醇; 优选自乙醇、 乙腈或丙酮; 最优选为 乙腈。 洗脱液中有机溶剂的体积含量为 10%〜45%, 优选 10%〜20%, 最优选 12%〜15%。粗品样品量和树脂体积比选自 1 :10〜1:300 (克:毫升),优选 1:50〜 1 :150 (克: 毫升)。
经高效液相确认洗脱液纯度, 合并符合要求的洗脱液, 浓缩后得产物。 所得产物可用酸性或中性水溶液溶解后, 经树脂二次分离纯化。 也可加入 乙醇、 甲醇等易容溶剂溶解, 滴加乙酸乙酯等不易溶溶剂, 析晶得到卡泊芬净 口
广叩
综合考虑分离纯化工艺的收率、 产品质量、 工艺成本及放大操作的方便性, 优选对卡泊芬净进行 2次大孔吸附树脂分离操作。 可以在第一次分离纯化时收 集液相纯度 >90%的卡泊芬净产品, 然后对所得产品进行第二次分离, 再收集液 相纯度 >99%的卡泊芬净产品。 第二次分离纯化操作同第一次操作。 也可以在第 一次分离纯化时直接收集液相纯度 >99%的卡泊芬净产品。
卡泊芬净洗脱后, 经高效液相确认洗脱液纯度, 合并纯度>99%的洗脱液, 低温下浓缩去除溶液, 得卡泊芬净或其盐。 当溶解卡泊芬净粗品的水溶液以及 作为洗脱液的水溶液为纯水时, 得到的即是卡泊芬净。 若上述两种水溶液中至 少一种为酸性水溶液时, 得到的是卡泊芬净的相应的盐; 优选得到醋酸卡泊芬 净, 因为其为药物活性成分; 若得到其它的卡泊芬净盐, 可通过本领域常规方 法转化为醋酸卡泊芬净。 可通过离子交换树脂转化为醋酸卡泊芬净, 或加入碱 游离卡泊芬净盐, 再加入醋酸, 成醋酸卡泊芬净。
所得卡泊芬净或其盐可加入醇类、 水或醇的醋酸水溶液等易溶溶剂溶清后, 滴加乙酸乙酯等不易溶溶剂, 析晶出卡泊芬净或其盐。 所述醇类优选为乙醇、 甲醇, 所述醇的醋酸水溶液优选为乙醇:水:醋酸体积比为 9:1:0.05的混合溶液。
经过析晶操作后, 卡泊芬净或其盐转变为固体, 便于保存、 运输、 称重等 操作。
相对于现有技术, 本发明的优点在于:
本发明操作简单, 分离度高, 分离所得产品可达到药用标准的纯度, 能够 方便地同比例扩大, 易于工业化生产。 已知获得符合药用标准的醋酸卡泊芬净 的分离纯化方法必须使用数个制备色谱步骤以纯化中间体和最终产物。 色谱步 骤的多次使用, 使得工业生产中成本大幅增加, 产生较多的三废, 也提高了操 作的难度; 因此革除制备色谱步骤是工业生产所需的。 本发明中对于醋酸卡泊 芬净合成中间体及最终产物都无需再经制备色谱步骤来纯化, 而改用大孔吸附 树脂对终产品进行 1-2次的分离纯化。 由于大孔吸附树脂的使用,相对于制备色 谱步骤大大简化了操作, 降低了设备要求, 减少了有机溶剂的使用, 降低了成 本, 提高了生产效率。 与 J. LIQ. CHROM. & REL. TECHNOL., 24(6), 781-798 (2001) 、 US5378804 、 US5552521 、 US2009291996 、 US2009324635 、 WO200915134K WO2010064219和 US2010168415报道的制备色谱步骤相比, 本发明的分离纯化步骤有如下优点: 由于卡泊芬净的分子量很大, 约为 1092, 而普通的硅胶柱和制备色谱柱孔径较细, 对大分子量的产品吸附力强, 难以洗 脱; 而本发明采用大孔吸附树脂, 其孔径大, 与所要分离的卡泊芬净或其盐吻 合, 因此使用大孔吸附树脂能够起到一个很好的洗脱分离效果。 经大孔吸附树 脂分离纯化后的醋酸卡泊芬净, 收率和产品纯度均较高, 有利于降低成本和终 产品的质量控制。 使用便宜的大孔吸附树脂作为分离介质, 相对制备色谱步骤 中昂贵的填料有非常大的成本优势, 且大孔吸附树脂可经洗涤活化后不断重复 使用; 使用的大部分洗脱溶剂为水, 相比制备色谱步骤中使用到大量的色谱纯 有机试剂, 即大幅度的降低了成本, 也减少了对环境的污染。 相比制备色谱步 骤中使用高压不锈钢柱及高压泵, 大孔吸附树脂所用设备为普通玻璃柱, 设备 要求低, 操作简单, 安全而高效。
因此, 本发明相对于现有技术, 在产品质量、 成本、 设备要求、 环境污染 等方面都有较大的优势。 具体实施方式
下面的实施例将阐明本发明, 但不意味着对本发明有任何限制。
本发明中所提到的溶液浓度均为体积百分比浓度。
实施例中所用 HP20SS树脂购自日本三菱公司; Hz20ss树脂、 Hz832树脂、
H-60树脂购自华东理工大学上海震华科技有限公司。 实施例中的产物纯度均采 用液相色谱测定。 实施例 1:
取 HP20SS树脂 100ml装柱, 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml平衡树脂柱。
取卡泊芬净合成所得粗品 (纯度 50% ) lg, 溶于 1%的醋酸水溶液 20ml中。 上样树脂柱, 流速 lBV/h。
用 1%的醋酸水溶液 400ml冲洗, 再用 10%乙腈的 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml 冲洗。用 12%乙腈的 1%的醋酸水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净。经液相检测,合并纯度 >99% 的洗脱液, 浓缩至干, 得醋酸卡泊芬净 0.12g, 最终纯度为 99.8%。
加入析晶液(乙醇:水:醋酸体积比为 9:1:0.05, 2ml)溶清后, 滴加乙酸乙酯 至析出固体, 过滤。 得到纯度>99%, 单一杂质<0.1%的醋酸卡泊芬净。 其余纯 度<99%的洗脱液, 经回收后再套用或进行二次分离。 实施例 2:
取 HP20SS树脂 100ml装柱, 2%的醋酸水溶液 500ml平衡树脂柱。
取卡泊芬净合成所得粗品 (纯度 50% ) lg, 溶于 2%的醋酸水溶液 20ml中。 上样树脂柱, 流速 lBV/h。 用 2%的醋酸水溶液 400ml冲洗, 再用 10%乙腈的 2%的醋酸水溶液 500ml 冲洗。用 15%乙腈的 2%的醋酸水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净。经液相检测,合并纯度 >99% 的洗脱液, 浓缩至干, 得醋酸卡泊芬净 0.13g, 最终纯度为 99.7%。
加入析晶液(乙醇:水:醋酸体积比为 9: 1:0.05, 2ml)溶清后, 滴加乙酸乙酯 至析出固体, 过滤。 得到纯度>99%, 单一杂质<0.1%的醋酸卡泊芬净。 其余纯 度<99%的洗脱液, 经回收后再套用或进行二次分离。 实施例 3 :
取 Hz832树脂 100ml装柱, 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml平衡树脂柱。
取卡泊芬净合成所得粗品 (纯度 50% ) lg, 溶于 1%的醋酸水溶液 20ml中。 上样树脂柱, 流速 lBV/h。
用 1%的醋酸水溶液 400ml冲洗, 再用 20%乙醇的 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml 冲洗。用 25%乙醇的 1%的醋酸水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净。经液相检测,合并纯度 >90% 的洗脱液, 浓缩至干, 得醋酸卡泊芬净 0.55g, 最终纯度为 91.5%。
加入乙醇 2ml溶清后, 滴加乙酸乙酯约 20ml, 析晶得到醋酸卡泊芬净, 高 效液相显示纯度为 91.5%。 实施例 4:
取 HP20SS树脂 100ml装柱, 2%的醋酸水溶液 500ml平衡树脂柱。
取卡泊芬净合成所得粗品 (纯度 50% ) lg, 溶于 2%的醋酸水溶液 20ml中。 上样树脂柱, 流速 lBV/h。
用 2%的醋酸水溶液 400ml冲洗, 再用 10%乙醇的 2%的醋酸水溶液 500ml 冲洗。用 20%乙醇的 2%的醋酸水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净。经液相检测,合并纯度 >90% 的洗脱液, 浓缩至干, 得醋酸卡泊芬净 0.50g, 最终纯度为 90.8%。
加入甲醇 2ml溶清后, 滴加乙酸乙酯约 20ml, 析晶得到醋酸卡泊芬净, 高 效液相显示纯度为 90.8%。 实施例 5 :
取 Hz832树脂 100ml装柱, 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml平衡树脂柱。 取卡泊芬净合成所得粗品 (纯度 50% ) lg, 溶于 1%的醋酸水溶液 20ml中。 上样树脂柱, 流速 lBV/h。
用 1%的醋酸水溶液 400ml冲洗, 再用 10%乙腈的 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml 冲洗。用 12%乙腈的 1%的醋酸水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净。经液相检测,合并纯度 >90% 的洗脱液, 浓缩至干, 得醋酸卡泊芬净 0.54g, 最终纯度为 91.8%。
加入乙醇 2ml溶清后, 滴加乙酸乙酯约 20ml, 析晶得到醋酸卡泊芬净, 高 效液相显示纯度为 91.8%。 实施例 6:
取 HP20SS树脂 100ml装柱, 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml平衡树脂柱。
取卡泊芬净合成所得粗品 (纯度 50% ) lg, 溶于 1%的醋酸水溶液 20ml中。 上样树脂柱, 流速 lBV/h。
用 1%的醋酸水溶液 400ml冲洗, 再用 10%乙腈的 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml 冲洗。用 12%乙腈的 1%的醋酸水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净。经液相检测,合并纯度 >90% 的洗脱液, 浓缩至干, 得醋酸卡泊芬净 0.60g, 最终纯度为 92.5%。
加入乙醇 2ml溶清后, 滴加乙酸乙酯约 20ml, 析晶得到醋酸卡泊芬净, 高 效液相显示纯度为 92.5%。 实施例 7:
取 HZ20SS树脂 100ml装柱, 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml平衡树脂柱。
取卡泊芬净合成所得粗品 (纯度 50% ) lg, 溶于 1%的醋酸水溶液 20ml中。 上样树脂柱, 流速 lBV/h。
用 1%的醋酸水溶液 400ml冲洗, 再用 10%乙腈的 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml 冲洗。用 12%乙腈的 1%的醋酸水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净。经液相检测,合并纯度 >90% 的洗脱液, 浓缩至干, 得醋酸卡泊芬净 0.52g, 最终纯度为 92.6%。
加入甲醇 2ml溶清后, 滴加乙酸乙酯约 20ml, 析晶得到醋酸卡泊芬净, 高 效液相显示纯度为 92.6%。 取 HZ20SS树脂 100ml装柱, 2%的醋酸水溶液 500ml平衡树脂柱。 取卡泊芬净合成所得粗品 (纯度 50% ) lg, 溶于 2%的醋酸水溶液 20ml中。 上样树脂柱, 流速 lBV/h。
用 2%的醋酸水溶液 400ml冲洗, 再用 10%丙酮的 2%的醋酸水溶液 500ml 冲洗。用 15%丙酮的 2%的醋酸水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净。经液相检测,合并纯度 >90% 的洗脱液, 浓缩至干, 得醋酸卡泊芬净 0.44g, 最终纯度为 91.2%。
加入乙醇 2ml溶清后, 滴加乙酸乙酯约 20ml, 析晶得到醋酸卡泊芬净, 高 效液相显示纯度为 91.2%。 实施例 9:
取 HP20SS树脂 100ml装柱, 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml平衡树脂柱。
取实施例 3-8中任一所得卡泊芬净经树脂一次分离纯化后产品 lg,溶于 1% 的醋酸水溶液 20ml中。上样树脂柱, 流速约 lBV/h。用 1%的醋酸水溶液 400ml 冲洗, 再用 10%乙腈的 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml冲洗。
用 12%乙腈的 1%的醋酸水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净, 经液相检测, 合并 >99%纯 度的洗脱液, 低温下浓缩至干, 得醋酸卡泊芬净 0.4g, 最终纯度为 99.8%。 其余 纯度 <99%的洗脱液, 经减压浓缩后回收再套用。
所得产物加入析晶液(乙醇:水:醋酸体积比 9:1:0.05, 2ml)溶清后, 滴加乙 酸乙酯至析出固体, 过滤, 滤饼用少量乙酸乙酯冲洗。 得到纯度>99%, 单一杂 质<0.1%的醋酸卡泊芬净。 实施例 10:
取 HZ20SS树脂 100ml装柱, 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml平衡树脂柱。
取实施例 3-8中任一所得卡泊芬净经树脂一次分离纯化后产品 lg,溶于 1% 的醋酸水溶液 20ml中。上样树脂柱, 流速约 lBV/h。用 1%的醋酸水溶液 400ml 冲洗, 再用 10%乙腈的 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml冲洗。
用 12%乙腈的 1%的醋酸水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净,经液相检测,合并纯度>99% 的洗脱液, 低温下浓缩至干, 得醋酸卡泊芬净 0.45g, 最终纯度为 99.8% 。 其余 纯度 <99%的洗脱液, 经浓缩后回收再套用。 所得产物加入析晶液(乙醇:水:醋酸体积比为 9:1:0.05, 2ml)溶清后, 滴加 乙酸乙酯至析出固体, 过滤, 滤饼用少量乙酸乙酯冲洗。 得到纯度>99%, 单一 杂质 <0.1%的醋酸卡泊芬净。 实施例 11 :
取 HP20SS树脂 100ml装柱, 0.5%的醋酸水溶液 500ml平衡树脂柱。
取实施例 3-8中任一所得卡泊芬净经树脂一次分离纯化后产品 lg,溶于 0.5% 的醋酸水溶液 20ml中。上样树脂柱,流速约 lBV/h。用 0.5%的醋酸水溶液 400ml 冲洗, 再用 10%乙腈的 0.5%的醋酸水溶液 500ml冲洗。
用 15%乙腈的 0.5%的醋酸水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净, 经液相检测, 合并纯 度>99%的洗脱液,低温下浓缩至干,得醋酸卡泊芬净 0.42g,最终纯度为 99.8% 。 其余纯度<99%的洗脱液, 经浓缩后回收再套用。
所得产物加入析晶液(乙醇:水:醋酸体积比为 9:1:0.05, 2ml)溶清后, 滴加 乙酸乙酯至析出固体, 过滤, 滤饼用少量乙酸乙酯冲洗。 得到纯度>99%, 单一 杂质 <0.1 %的醋酸卡泊芬净。 实施例 12:
取 HP20SS树脂 100ml装柱, 0.5%的醋酸水溶液 500ml平衡树脂柱。
取实施例 3-8中任一所得卡泊芬净经树脂一次分离纯化后产品 lg,溶于 2% 的醋酸水溶液 20ml中。上样树脂柱, 流速约 lBV/h。用 2%的醋酸水溶液 400ml 冲洗, 再用 10%丙酮的 2%的醋酸水溶液 500ml冲洗。
用 15%丙酮的 2%的醋酸水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净。经液相检测,合并纯度>99% 的洗脱液, 低温下浓缩至干, 得醋酸卡泊芬净 0.35g, 最终纯度为 99.8%。 其余 纯度 <99%的洗脱液, 经减压浓缩后回收再套用。
所得产物加入析晶液(乙醇:水:醋酸体积比为 9:1:0.05, 2ml)溶清后, 滴加 乙酸乙酯至析出固体, 过滤, 滤饼用少量乙酸乙酯冲洗。 得到纯度>99%, 单一 杂质 <0.1%的醋酸卡泊芬净。 实施例 13 : 取 HP20SS树脂 100ml装柱, 2%的醋酸水溶液 500ml平衡树脂柱。 取卡泊芬净合成所得粗品 (纯度 50% ) lg, 溶于 1%的醋酸水溶液 20ml中。 上样树脂柱, 流速 lBV/h。
用 1%的醋酸水溶液 400ml冲洗, 再用 30%乙醇的 1%的醋酸水溶液洗脱卡 泊芬净。经液相检测,合并纯度 >99%的洗脱液,浓缩至干,得醋酸卡泊芬净 0.08g, 最终纯度为 99.8%。
加入析晶液(乙醇:水:醋酸体积比为 9: 1:0.05, 2ml)溶清后, 滴加乙酸乙酯 至析出固体, 过滤。 得到纯度>99%, 单一杂质<0.1%的醋酸卡泊芬净。 其余纯 度<99%的洗脱液, 经回收后再套用或进行二次分离。 实施例 14:
取 Hz832树脂 100ml装柱, 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml平衡树脂柱。
取卡泊芬净合成所得粗品 (纯度 50% ) lg, 溶于 1%的醋酸水溶液 20ml中。 上样树脂柱, 流速 lBV/h。
用 1%的醋酸水溶液 400ml冲洗, 再用 45%乙腈的 1%的醋酸水溶液洗脱卡 泊芬净。经液相检测,合并纯度 >90%的洗脱液,浓缩至干,得醋酸卡泊芬净 0.61g, 最终纯度为 92.8%。
加入乙醇 2ml溶清后, 滴加乙酸乙酯约 20ml, 析晶得到醋酸卡泊芬净, 高 效液相显示纯度约 92.8%。 实施例 15 :
取 HP20SS树脂 100ml装柱, 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml平衡树脂柱。
取卡泊芬净合成所得粗品 (纯度 50% ) lg, 溶于 1%的醋酸水溶液 20ml中。 上样树脂柱, 流速 lBV/h。
用 1%的醋酸水溶液 400ml冲洗, 再用 10%乙腈的 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml 冲洗。用 12%乙腈的 1%的醋酸水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净。经液相检测,合并纯度 >99% 的洗脱液, 浓缩至干, 得醋酸卡泊芬净 0.13g, 最终纯度为 99.8%。
加入甲醇 5ml溶清后, 滴加乙酸乙酯至析出固体, 过滤。 得到纯度>99%, 单一杂质<0.1%的醋酸卡泊芬净。 其余纯度<99%的洗脱液, 经回收后再套用或 进行二次分离。 实施例 16:
取 H-60树脂 100ml装柱, 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml平衡树脂柱。
取卡泊芬净合成所得粗品 (纯度 50% ) lg, 溶于 1%的醋酸水溶液 20ml中。 上样树脂柱, 流速 lBV/h。
用 1%的醋酸水溶液 400ml冲洗, 再用 10%乙腈的 1%的醋酸水溶液 500ml 冲洗。用 12%乙腈的 1%的醋酸水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净。经液相检测,合并纯度 >99% 的洗脱液, 浓缩至干, 得醋酸卡泊芬净 0.12g, 最终纯度为 99.8%。
加入乙醇 3ml溶清后, 滴加乙酸乙酯至析出固体, 过滤。 得到纯度>99%, 单一杂质<0.1%的醋酸卡泊芬净。 其余纯度<99%的洗脱液, 经回收后再套用或 进行二次分离。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种环己肽类化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的纯化方法, 其特征在于采
Figure imgf000014_0001
2、根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中环己肽化合物为卡泊芬净。
3、如权利要求 2所述的方法, 其包括以下步骤:
1 ) 取卡泊芬净粗品, 上样大孔吸附树脂柱;
2) 用含 10%〜45%有机溶剂的水溶液洗脱卡泊芬净, 洗脱液浓缩, 得卡泊 芬净或其盐,
3 )任选地, 将步骤 2)所得产物溶解于醇类溶剂或水中, 滴加反溶剂, 析出 固体, 过滤得卡泊芬净或其盐。
4、 根据权利要求 1-3任意一项所述的方法, 其特征在于可以采用 1-2次大 孔吸附树脂纯化, 优选采用两次大孔吸附树脂纯化。
5、卞離权利要求 1-3所述的方法,其中大孔吸附树脂选自 HP系歹 U、 SP系歹 U、 Amberlite XAD系列、 Hz系列等极性或非极性大孔吸附树脂, 优选 HP20SS、 Hz832、 Hz20SS、 Hz818树脂。
6、 据权利要求 3所述的方法, 大孔吸附树脂洗脱液中水溶液为酸性或中性 水溶液, 优选为酸性水溶液。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的方法, 其中酸性水溶液选自盐酸水溶液、 醋酸水 溶液、 三氟醋酸水溶液、 高氯酸水溶液、 硫酸水溶液; 优选醋酸水溶液。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的方法, 醋酸水溶液选自 0.1%〜5%的醋酸水溶液, 优选自 0.5%~2%的醋酸水溶液。
9、 根据权利要求 6所述的方法, 其中酸性水溶液 pH值为 2.5〜3.0。
10、根据权利要求 1-3所述的方法, 大孔吸附树脂洗脱液中有机溶剂选自甲 醇、 乙醇、 丙酮、 乙腈、 异丙醇; 优选乙腈、 乙醇、 丙酮; 最优选为乙腈。
11、根据权利要求 1-3所述的方法,洗脱液中有机溶剂的体积含量为 10%〜 45%, 优选 10%〜20%, 最优选 12%〜15%。
12、 根据权利要求 1-3所述的方法, 粗品样品量和树脂体积比选自 1克: 10 毫升〜 1克: 300毫升, 优选 1克: 50毫升〜 1克: 150毫升。
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