WO2012088735A1 - 纤维状组织结构银基氧化物电触头材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

纤维状组织结构银基氧化物电触头材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2012088735A1
WO2012088735A1 PCT/CN2011/000633 CN2011000633W WO2012088735A1 WO 2012088735 A1 WO2012088735 A1 WO 2012088735A1 CN 2011000633 W CN2011000633 W CN 2011000633W WO 2012088735 A1 WO2012088735 A1 WO 2012088735A1
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Prior art keywords
silver
based oxide
fibrous structure
electrical contact
powder
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PCT/CN2011/000633
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈乐生
陈晓
祁更新
穆成法
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温州宏丰电工合金股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2012088735A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012088735A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B22F3/04—Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1078—Alloys containing non-metals by internal oxidation of material in solid state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1084—Alloys containing non-metals by mechanical alloying (blending, milling)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • H01H1/02372—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • H01H1/02372—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te
    • H01H1/02374—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te containing as major component CdO
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • H01H1/02372—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te
    • H01H1/02376—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te containing as major component SnO2

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of preparing an electrical contact material, and more particularly to a method of preparing a fibrous structure of a silver-based oxide electrical contact material.
  • a silver-based oxide electrical contact material for a fibrous structure there are two methods for preparing a silver-based oxide electrical contact material for a fibrous structure: one is a conventional powder metallurgy sintering extrusion method, and a method for improving the extrusion method on the basis of this, and increasing the amount of processing deformation
  • the main process flow is: mixing powder, pressing, sintering, extrusion, drawing, annealing, drawing, and finishing.
  • the fibrous structure prepared by this method is not obvious, and is not suitable for the reinforcing phase with poor plasticity and ductility, and there are large particles of the reinforcing phase, which affect the product performance.
  • the second method is a combination of pre-design and extrusion method of the blank, that is, a method of fixing a certain number of reinforcing phase wires in a matrix by a mold, and then sequentially isostatically pressing, sintering and extruding [document CN101707145A], this method
  • a distinct and continuous fibrous structure can be obtained, the process is complicated, and a silver-based wire containing a reinforcing phase is prepared in advance and fixed in a matrix by a mold, and there is a demand for enhancing the plasticity and ductility of the phase wire. Scale metaplasia Production is more difficult.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a fibrous structure silver-based oxide electrical contact material according to the above-mentioned deficiencies and shortcomings of the prior art, and the method can obtain a distinct fibrous structure regardless of whether the processing deformation is large or small.
  • Silver-based oxide electrical contact materials and no requirement for enhanced phase plasticity and ductility, simple process, convenient operation, no special requirements for equipment, and no need to purchase enhanced phase (oxide), which greatly saves production costs.
  • the materials prepared by the method of the invention have greatly improved weld resistance, arc erosion resistance and electrical conductivity, and the processing performance is excellent.
  • the invention provides a preparation method of a fibrous structure silver-based oxide electrical contact material, comprising the following steps:
  • silver ingots, ingots and additives are placed in a smelting furnace to be smelted into an alloy liquid, which is then subjected to atomization milling.
  • Metal is a metal that can form an alloy with silver, and has a reducing ability to spontaneously oxidize more than Ag, and the metal type is one or more; the weight ratio of silver ingot and metal ingot is required according to the required material composition and subsequent processing requirements. Calculated; the additive content is calculated according to the content of the metal to be oxidized and the subsequent process, and the additive is one or more of Bi, In, Cu and rare earth elements.
  • the first step of obtaining the atomized alloy powder is placed in a high energy ball mill tank for ball milling.
  • the powder obtained in the second step is internally oxidized.
  • the internally oxidized powder obtained in the third step is sequentially subjected to high-energy ball milling granulation and sieving, and the large-grain powder that has not passed through the sieve is re-placed in a high-energy ball mill for reprocessing, and then screen.
  • the sieved composite powder obtained in the fourth step and the base silver powder are poured into a mixer for mixing, wherein: the weight ratio of the composite powder to the base silver powder is required according to the required material composition and fiber size. Calculated.
  • the powder obtained in the fifth step is subjected to cold isostatic pressing.
  • the body obtained by cold isostatic pressing is sintered.
  • the body obtained by sintering is subjected to hot pressing.
  • the green body obtained by hot pressing is subjected to hot extrusion to obtain a fibrous structure silver-based oxide electric contact material.
  • the fibrous structure silver-based oxide electrical contact material prepared by the above method of the invention has obvious a fibrous phase-enhanced phase (oxide) material in which the fibrous structure of the reinforcing phase (oxide) material is oriented by aligning its particles, and the reinforcing phase particulate material is a material or a mixture of materials, depending on The number of metal species in the metal ingot in the first step.
  • the method adopted by the present invention is significantly different from the mechanical alloying of the conventional materials in combination with the large plastic processing deformation, and the simple internal oxidation preparation method.
  • the method adopted by the present invention is: firstly, atomization of silver, metal and additives is obtained. Ultra-fine atomized alloy powder; high-energy ball milling of the alloy powder, high-energy ball milling makes the alloy powder refine in large energy collision and compaction, forming a uniform and ultra-fine composite powder; then ball-milling ultra-fine composite The powder is subjected to internal oxidation; the oxidized composite powder is sequentially subjected to ball milling and sieving to form an aggregate of the coating body (Ag is coated on the oxide particles).
  • the aggregate and the base Ag powder are uniformly mixed according to the amount required for the formulation of the material composition, followed by cold isostatic pressing, sintering, hot pressing, and hot extrusion.
  • the coating body flows along the softened Ag in the Ag matrix. Due to the coating of Ag, the oxide-reinforced phase material is easily pulled apart and oriented in the direction of extrusion to form a fibrous shape. structure.
  • the method has obvious fibrous reinforcing phase structure structure in the material structure, and the arc ablation resistance is 10-20% higher than that of the same material system contact material enhanced by the simple particle dispersion, and the conductivity is improved along the extrusion direction 5- 10%, the weld resistance is increased by 10-20%, the electrical life is increased by 10-25%; and the excellent processing performance is suitable for large-scale production.
  • the invention provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned fibrous-structured silver-based oxide electrical contact material, which is suitable for preparation of a general fiber-reinforced silver-based oxide composite material, and the method can be obtained whether the processing deformation amount is large or small.
  • Silver-based oxide electrical contact material with obvious fibrous structure, and no requirement for enhanced phase plasticity and ductility, simple process, convenient operation, low cost, no special requirements for equipment.
  • the silver-based oxide electrical contact material obtained by the method of the invention has a distinct fibrous reinforcing phase (oxide) material, wherein the fibrous structure of the reinforcing phase (oxide) material is formed by aligning the particles thereof.
  • the reinforcing phase (oxide) material is a material or a mixture of materials, depending on the type and proportion of the metal contained in the previous metal ingot.
  • the Ag ingot, the metal ingot and the additive are placed in a melting furnace for melting, and then the alloy liquid is subjected to atomization milling.
  • the metal is any metal capable of forming an alloy with silver, having a reducing property stronger than that of Ag, and having a metal species of one or more; the additive is one or more of Bi, In, Cu, and a rare earth element.
  • the parameters can be: Ag ingot and metal ingot weight ratio between 3-0.5; additive metal content according to the weight of the oxide does not exceed the weight of the reinforcing phase in the silver-based oxide (metal oxide other than the additive oxide) Obtained, and the specific kind is calculated according to the required calculation of the material composition.
  • the atomized powder obtained in the first step is subjected to high energy ball milling.
  • the ball milling speed is between 180 rpm and 300 rpm; the ball milling time is 5-10 hours; the ball to material ratio (i.e., the ball to powder weight ratio) is between 10 and 20.
  • the ball-milled powder obtained in the second step is internally oxidized.
  • the parameters can be: oxidation temperature between 300 ° C and 700 ° C; oxidation time between 5-15 hours, oxygen pressure between 0.3-1.5 MPa.
  • the internally oxidized powder obtained in the third step is sequentially subjected to high-energy ball milling granulation and sieving, and the large particles that fail to pass through the sieve are re-placed in a ball mill for reprocessing, and then sieved.
  • the parameters can be used: ball milling speed between 180 rev / min and 280 rev / min; ball milling time is 5-15 hours; ball to material ratio (ie ball to powder weight ratio) between 10-20;
  • the mesh size of the sieve is between 100 mesh and 400 mesh.
  • the composite powder and the silver powder obtained in the fourth step are poured into a powder mixer for mixing, and the weight ratio of the composite powder and the matrix silver powder is calculated according to the required composition of the material to be prepared.
  • the parameters can be used: the speed of the mixer is between 20 rpm and 40 rpm; the mixing time is between 2 and 6 hours, and the particle size of the matrix silver is between 50 and 400 mesh.
  • the powder obtained in the fifth step is subjected to cold isostatic pressing.
  • the parameters can be used: Isostatic pressure is between 100-400Mpa.
  • the body obtained by cold isostatic pressing is sintered.
  • the parameters can be: sintering temperature between 600 ° C and 800 ° C; sintering time between 5-10 hours.
  • the body obtained by sintering is subjected to hot pressing.
  • the parameters can be: hot pressing temperature between 600 ° C and 850 ° C; hot pressing pressure between 200 and 700 MPa; hot pressing time between 5 min and 30 min.
  • the green body obtained by hot pressing is subjected to hot extrusion to obtain a fibrous structure silver-based oxide electrical contact material.
  • the parameters can be used: the heating temperature of the blank is between 700-900 ° C; the extrusion ratio is 80-400 Between the extrusion speed is between 5-15cm / min; the extrusion mold preheating temperature is between 300-500 ° C.
  • the alloy powder obtained in the first step is placed in a high-energy ball mill tank for ball milling, the ball milling speed is 300 rpm; the ball milling time is 10 hours; and the ball-to-batch ratio is 10.
  • the ball-milled powder obtained in the second step is internally oxidized, and the oxidation temperature is 700 ° C ; the oxidation time is 5 hours, and the oxygen pressure is 1.5 MPa.
  • the internally oxidized powder obtained in the third step is sequentially subjected to ball milling granulation and sieving, and the large particles which have not passed through the screen are returned to the ball mill for reprocessing, and then sieved.
  • the ball milling speed was 200 rpm; the ball milling time was 12 hours; the ball to material ratio was 15; the meshing number was 200 mesh.
  • the composite powder obtained in the fourth step and 6467 g of 400 mesh silver powder are poured into a "V" type mixer to uniformly mix the powder.
  • the speed of mixing is 40 rpm, and the time is 6 hours.
  • the powder obtained in the third step is placed in a plastic cylinder having a diameter of 9 cm and a length of 30 cm, and subjected to cold isostatic pressing, and a cold isostatic pressing pressure of 100 MPa.
  • the cold isostatic compact obtained in the fourth step is sintered at a sintering temperature of 80 (TC, sintering for 5 hours).
  • the sintered body obtained in the fifth step is subjected to hot pressing at a temperature of 850 ° C, a hot pressing pressure of 200 MPa, and a hot pressing time of 15 minutes.
  • the hot-pressed body is subjected to hot extrusion
  • the hot extrusion temperature is 900 ° C
  • the extrusion ratio is 300
  • the extrusion speed is 5 cm/min
  • the preheating temperature of the extrusion die is 400 Torr.
  • an AgSnO 2 (10) material having a remarkable Sn0 2 fibrous structure is finally obtained, wherein the Sn0 2 fibrous structure is formed by aligning and connecting a plurality of fine Sn 2 particles.
  • the obtained material has a tensile strength of 288 MPa ; a resistivity in the extrusion direction of 2.2 ⁇ ; and a hardness of 88 HV.
  • Embodiment 2 Taking AgCd012 contact material as an example
  • the alloy powder obtained in the first step is placed in a high-energy ball-milling tank for ball milling, the ball milling speed is 180 rpm, the ball milling time is 10 hours, and the ball-to-batch ratio is 12.
  • the ball-milled powder obtained in the second step is internally oxidized, and the oxidation temperature is 300 ⁇ ; the oxidation time is 15 hours, and the oxygen pressure is 0.3 MPa.
  • the internally oxidized powder obtained in the third step is sequentially subjected to ball milling granulation and sieving, and the large particles which have not passed through the screen are returned to the ball mill for reprocessing, and then sieved.
  • the powder obtained in the fourth step and the 2196 g of silver powder having a particle size of 400 mesh are poured into a "V" type powder mixing machine to carry out uniform mixing.
  • the speed of mixing is 20 rpm, and the time is 4 hours.
  • the powder obtained in the fifth step is placed in a plastic cylinder having a diameter of 9 cm and a length of 10 cm, and subjected to cold isostatic pressing, and a cold isostatic pressing pressure of 100 MPa.
  • the cold isostatic compact obtained in the sixth step is sintered, sintered at 750 ° C, and sintered for 9 hours.
  • the sintered body obtained in the seventh step is subjected to hot pressing at a temperature of 600 ° C, a hot pressing pressure of 700 MPa, and a hot pressing time of 20 min.
  • the hot pressed body is hot extruded and extruded into a sheet
  • the hot extrusion temperature is 900 ° C
  • the extrusion ratio is 300
  • the extrusion speed is 10 cm/min
  • the extrusion mold preheating temperature is 300°. C.
  • an AgCd012 material having a distinct CdO fibrous structure is obtained, wherein the CdO fibrous structure is formed by aligning and connecting a plurality of fine CdO particles.
  • the obtained material had a tensile strength of 292 MPa; the resistivity in the extrusion direction was 2.0 ⁇ ; and the hardness was 83 HV.
  • Embodiment 3
  • the first step of obtaining the alloy powder is placed in a high-energy ball-milling tank for ball milling. 300 rpm; ball milling time 5 hours; ball to material ratio 15.
  • the ball-milled powder obtained in the second step is internally oxidized at an oxidation temperature of 500 ° C; an oxidation time of 12 hours; and an oxygen pressure of 0.5 MPa.
  • the internally oxidized powder obtained in the third step is sequentially subjected to ball milling granulation and sieving, and the large particles which have not passed through the screen are returned to the ball mill for reprocessing, and then sieved.
  • Ball milling speed 180 rpm / ball milling time 15 hours; ball to material ratio 10; sieved mesh number 300 mesh.
  • the composite powder obtained in the fourth step and 2246 g of silver powder having a particle size of 50 mesh are poured into a "V" type powder mixing machine to uniformly mix the powder.
  • the speed of mixing is 30 rpm, and the time is 2 hours.
  • the powder obtained in the fifth step is placed in a plastic cylinder having a diameter of 9 cm and a length of 15 cm, and subjected to cold isostatic pressing, and a cold isostatic pressing pressure of 400 MPa.
  • the cold isostatic compact obtained in the sixth step is sintered, sintered at 600 ° C, and sintered for 8 hours.
  • the sintered body obtained in the seventh step is subjected to hot pressing at a temperature of 83 CTC, a hot pressing pressure of 700 MPa, and a hot pressing time of 5 minutes.
  • the hot pressed body is hot extruded, the hot extrusion temperature is 700 ° C, the extrusion ratio is 80, the extrusion speed is 15 cm/min, and the preheating temperature of the extrusion die is 300 ° C.
  • an AgZnO (8) material having a distinct ZnO fibrous structure is obtained, wherein the ZnO fibrous structure is formed by aligning and connecting a plurality of fine nano ZnO particles.
  • the obtained material had a tensile strength of 285 MPa; the resistivity in the extrusion direction was 2.1 ⁇ ; and the hardness was 85 HV.
  • Embodiment 4
  • the first step 600 g of Ag ingot, 102 g of Zn ingot, 200 g of Sn ingot, and 26 g of additive Ce, and 20 g of In are placed in a melting furnace for melting, and then the alloy liquid is subjected to atomization milling.
  • the alloy powder obtained in the first step is placed in a high-energy ball-milling tank for ball milling, the ball milling speed is 280 rpm, the ball milling time is 10 hours, and the ball-to-batch ratio is 20.
  • the ball-milled powder obtained in the second step is internally oxidized at an oxidation temperature of 500 ° C ; an oxygen oxidation time of 15 hours; and an oxygen pressure of 1.5 MPa.
  • the internally oxidized powder obtained in the third step is sequentially subjected to ball milling granulation and sieving, failing to pass
  • the large particles passing through the screen are returned to the ball mill for reprocessing and then sieved.
  • the ball milling speed was 280 rpm; the milling time was 15 hours; the ball to ball ratio was 20; the meshing number was 400 mesh.
  • the composite powder obtained in the fourth step and 2136g of silver powder having a particle size of 300 mesh are poured into a "V" type powder mixing machine to uniformly mix the powder.
  • the speed of mixing is 30 rpm, and the time is 4 hours.
  • the powder obtained in the fifth step is placed in a plastic cylinder having a diameter of 9 cm and a length of 15 cm, and subjected to cold isostatic pressing, and a cold isostatic pressing pressure of 300 MPa.
  • the cold isostatic compact obtained in the sixth step is sintered, sintered at 800 ° C, and sintered for 10 hours.
  • the sintered body obtained in the seventh step is subjected to hot pressing at a temperature of 850 ° C, a hot pressing pressure of 700 MPa, and a hot pressing time of 10 min.
  • the hot-pressed body is subjected to hot extrusion, the hot extrusion temperature is 900 ° C, the extrusion ratio is 400, the extrusion speed is 5 cm/min, and the extrusion mold preheating temperature is 500 ° C.
  • the alloy powder obtained in the first step is placed in a high-energy ball mill jar for ball milling, the ball milling speed is 280 rpm, the ball milling time is 10 hours, and the ball-to-batch ratio is 15.
  • the ball-milled powder obtained in the second step is internally oxidized at an oxidation temperature of 60 (TC; oxidation time of 8 hours, oxygen pressure of 1 MPa).
  • the internally oxidized powder obtained in the third step is sequentially subjected to ball milling granulation and sieving, and the large particles which have not passed through the screen are returned to the ball mill for reprocessing, and then sieved.
  • the ball milling speed was 200 rpm; the ball milling time was 10 hours; the ball to ball ratio was 20; the meshing number was 300 mesh.
  • the composite powder obtained in the fourth step and 10167g of 400 mesh silver powder are poured into the "V" type mixed powder.
  • the powder is mixed.
  • the speed of mixing was 40 rpm, and the time was 6 hours.
  • the powder obtained in the third step is placed in a plastic cylinder having a diameter of 9 cm and a length of 25 cm, and subjected to cold isostatic pressing, and a cold isostatic pressing pressure of 300 MPa.
  • the cold isostatic compact obtained in the fourth step is sintered, sintered at 800 ° C, and sintered for 5 hours.
  • the sintered body obtained in the fifth step is subjected to hot pressing at a temperature of 850 Torr, a hot pressing pressure of 500 MPa, and a hot pressing time of 30 minutes.
  • the hot-pressed body is subjected to hot extrusion
  • the hot extrusion temperature is 900 ° C
  • the extrusion ratio is 300
  • the extrusion speed is 5 cm/min
  • the preheating temperature of the extrusion die is 400 Torr.
  • an AgSn0 2 (12) material having a fibrous structure of a distinct Sn0 2 and an additive oxide In 2 0 3 is finally obtained, wherein the fibrous structure of Sn0 2 and the oxide In 2 0 3 are respectively composed of many small The Sn0 2 particles and the In 2 0 3 particles are oriented and connected, and the obtained material has a tensile strength of 290 MPa; the resistivity in the extrusion direction is 2.9 ⁇ ; and the hardness is 89 HV.
  • the above description is only a part of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention is also applicable to the preparation of other fibrous structure silver-based oxide composite materials having a distribution ratio. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

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Description

纤维状组织结构银基氧化物电触头材料的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电触头材料的制备方法，具体地说，涉及的是一种纤维状组 织结构银基氧化物电接触材料的制备方法。
背景技术
随着高压输变电网大容量、超说高压的发展，低压配电系统与控制系统对自动 化水平、灵敏程度要求的提高， 以及电子工业产品的现代化， 对电触头提出愈来 愈高的功能要求和长寿命的使用要求。为此书， 不断有新的银基复合材料及制备工 艺被研发。纤维状组织结构银基氧化物复合材料因具有优良的抗熔焊性和耐电弧 烧蚀能力及良好的加工性能， 成为近年来研究的热点。 目前， 由于纤维状组织结 构银基氧化物材料制备工艺复杂，成本高，且连续纤维银基氧化物材料难以二次 加工等缺点， 大大限制了纤维状组织结构银基氧化物材料的推广和应用。 因此， 开发一种简单、实用及能规模化生产的纤维状组织结构的银基氧化物电接触材料 的制备方法是当前研究的一个热点， 也是一个难点。
经检索，国内外关于纤维状组织结构的银基氧化物电接触材料方面的研究报 道， 如： 中国发明专利： 纤维结构性银基电触头材料及其制备方法， 申请号：
200910196283.0, 公开号： CN101707145A。
目前， 关于纤维状组织结构的银基氧化物电接触材料的制备方法大体有两 种：一是传统的粉末冶金烧结挤压法以及在此基础上改进挤压方式，增大加工变 形量的方法， 主要工艺流程为： 混粉一压锭一烧结一挤压→拉拔一退火一拉拔一 成品。此方法所制备的纤维状结构不明显，不适合用于塑性和延展性较差的增强 相， 且会有增强相的大颗粒存在， 影响产品使用性能。二是坯体预先设计与挤压 方法相结合方法， 即预先将一定数量的增强相丝材用模具固定于基体中，然后依 次等静压、 烧结和挤压的方法【文献 CN101707145A】， 此方法虽然可以获得明 显且连续的纤维状结构，但是工艺较为复杂，要预先制备含增强相的银基的丝材 并用模具固定于基体中，且对于增强相丝材的塑性和延展性的有要求，规模化生 产较为困难。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有技术存在的不足和缺陷，提供一种纤维状组织结构银基 氧化物电接触材料的制备方法， 该方法无论在加工变形量大或小，都可以得到具 有明显纤维状结构银基氧化物电触头材料， 且对于增强相塑性和延展性没有要 求， 工艺简单， 操作方便， 对设备无特殊要求， 同时， 不需要外购增强相 (氧化 物)， 大大节省生产成本。 本发明方法制备的材料抗熔焊性、 耐电弧烧蚀性能及 电导率均有较大的提高， 并且加工性能十分优良。
为实现上述的目的， 本发明采用的技术方案是：
本发明提供一种纤维状组织结构银基氧化物电接触材料的制备方法，包括以 下步骤：
第一步， 将银锭、金属锭和添加剂置于熔炼炉中熔炼成合金液体， 然后进行 雾化制粉。 其中： 金属为一切能够与银形成合金、 还原性比 Ag强能够自发氧化 的金属，且金属种类为一种或多种；银锭和金属锭重量比例根据所需制备材料成 份及后续加工要求所需计算获得；添加剂含量根据待氧化的金属含量及后续工艺 所需计算获得， 且添加剂为 Bi、 In、 Cu及稀土元素中的一种或多种。
第二步， 将第一步获得雾化合金粉置于高能球磨罐中进行球磨。
第三步， 将第二步获得的粉体进行内氧化。
第四步，将第三步获得的内氧化后的粉体依次进行高能球磨造粒和过筛， 未 能通过筛网的大颗粒粉体再重新置于高能球磨机中进行再加工， 然后再过筛。
第五步， 将第四步获得的筛后的复合粉体和基体银粉倒入混粉机中进行混 粉，其中： 复合粉体和基体银粉重量比例根据所需制备材料成份及纤维尺寸所需 计算获得。
第六步， 将第五步获得的粉体进行冷等静压。
第七步， 将冷等静压获得的坯体进行烧结。
第八步， 将烧结获得的坯体进行热压。
第九步，将热压获得的坯体进行热挤压，得到纤维状组织结构银基氧化物电 触头材料。
本发明上述方法制备的纤维状组织结构银基氧化物电触头材料，具有明显的 纤维状排列的增强相 (氧化物)材料， 其中增强相 (氧化物)材料的纤维组织结构是 由其颗粒定向排列而成的，且增强相颗粒材料为一种材料或多种材料混合物，取 决于第一步中金属锭中的金属种类数。
本发明所采用方法与以往传统材料的机械合金化结合大塑性加工变形，以及 单纯内氧化制备方法都有显著不同， 本发明采用的方法是： 首先通过对银、金属 和添加剂进行雾化， 获得超细的雾化合金粉； 再对合金粉进行高能球磨， 高能球 磨使合金粉在大能量碰撞碾压得到细化，形成了均匀且超细的复合粉体；然后将 球磨后超细的复合粉体进行内氧化； 再将氧化后的复合粉体依次进行球磨和过 筛， 形成包覆体 (Ag包覆在氧化物颗粒上面)的聚集体。 然后将聚集体和基体 Ag 粉按材料成分配方所需量进行均匀混合， 依次进行冷等静压， 烧结， 热压， 热挤 压。 在挤压过程中包覆体在 Ag基体中随软化的 Ag—起流动， 由于 Ag的包覆， 使得氧化物增强相材料很容易被拉开，并且沿着挤压方向定向排列而成纤维状结 构。此方法使得材料结构中具有明显的纤维状增强相组织结构，其耐电弧烧蚀能 力比单纯的颗粒分散增强的相同材料体系触头材料提高 10-20%， 沿挤压方向导 电率提高 5-10%， 抗熔焊性提高 10-20%， 电寿命提高了 10-25%; 并且具有优良 的加工性能适用于规模化生产。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明，以下的说明仅为理解本发明技术 方案之用， 不用于限定本发明的范围， 本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。
本发明提供上述纤维状组织结构的银基氧化物电触头材料的制备方法，适用 于通常的纤维增强银基氧化物复合材料的制备， 该方法无论在加工变形量大或 小，都可以得到具有明显纤维状结构银基氧化物电触头材料，且对于增强相塑性 和延展性没有要求， 工艺简单， 操作方便， 成本低廉， 对设备无特殊要求。
根据本发明方法得到的银基氧化物电触头材料， 具有明显的纤维状增强相 (氧化物)材料， 其中增强相 (氧化物)材料的纤维组织结构是由其颗粒定向排列而 成的， 且增强相 (氧化物)材料为一种材料或多种材料混合物， 取决于前期金属锭 中所含金属的种类及配比。
本发明中， 设计的雾化制粉、 球磨、 内氧化、 球磨造粒、 混粉、 冷等静压、 烧结、 热压以及热挤压等步骤， 具体工艺操作的参数是可以选择的， 比如- 第一步中， 将 Ag锭、 金属锭和添加剂置于熔炼炉中进行熔炼， 然后将合金 液体进行雾化制粉。 其金属为一切能够与银形成合金、 还原性比 Ag强能够自发 氧化的金属， 且金属种类为一种或多种； 添加剂为 Bi、 In、 Cu及稀土元素中的 一种或多种。其中参数可以采用： Ag锭和金属锭重量比例在 3-0.5之间； 添加剂 金属含量根据其氧化物重量不超过银基氧化物中增强相 (除添加剂氧化物外的金 属氧化物)的重量计算获得， 且具体种类根据材料成分所需计算获得。
第二步中， 将第一步获得的雾化粉进行高能球磨。 球磨转速在 180转 /分钟 —300转 /分钟之间； 球磨时间在 5-10小时； 球料比 (即球珠和粉体重量比例)在 10-20之间。
第三步中， 将第二步获得的球磨后的粉体进行内氧化。 其中参数可以采用： 氧化温度在 300°C-700°C之间； 氧化时间在 5-15小时之间， 氧压在 0.3-1.5MPa 之间。
第四步中， 将第三步获得的内氧化后的粉体依次进行高能球磨造粒和过筛， 未能通过筛网的大颗粒再重新置于球磨机中进行再加工，然后再过筛。其中参数 可以采用： 球磨转速在 180转 /分钟一 280转 /分钟之间； 球磨时间在 5-15小时； 球料比 （即球珠和粉体重量比例)在 10-20之间；所过筛的目数在 100目 -400目之 间。
第五步中，将第四步获得的复合粉体和银粉倒入混粉机中进行混粉， 复合粉 体和基体银粉重量比例根据所需制备材料成份所需计算获得。 其中参数可以采 用： 混粉机转速在 20转 /分钟一 40转 /分钟之间； 混粉时间在 2-6小时之间， 基 体银粉粒度在 50-400目之间。
第六步中， 将第五步获得的粉体进行冷等静压。其中参数可以采用： 等静压 压强在 100-400Mpa之间。
第七步中， 将冷等静压获得的坯体进行烧结。其中参数可以采用： 烧结温度 在 600°C-800°C之间； 烧结时间在 5-10小时之间。
第八步中， 将烧结获得的坯体进行热压。 其中参数可以采用： 热压温度在 600°C-850°C之间； 热压压强在 200-700MPa之间； 热压时间为 5min-30min之间。
第九步中，将热压获得的坯体进行热挤压，得到纤维状结构银基氧化物电触 头材料。 其中参数可以采用： 坯体加热温度在 700-900°C之间； 挤压比在 80-400 之间， 挤压速度在 5-15cm/min之间； 挤压模具预热温度在 300-500°C之间。 以下通过具体应用的实施例来对本发明详细的技术操作进行说明。
实施例一
以制备 AgSnO2(10)触头材料为例
第一步， 将 Ag锭 300g、 Sn锭 600g和 In添加剂 70g置于熔炼炉中进行熔 炼， 然后将合金液体进行雾化制粉。
第二步， 将第一步获得合金粉末置于高能球磨罐中进行球磨， 球磨转速在 300转 /分钟； 球磨时间 10小时； 球料比为 10。
第三步， 将第二步获得的球磨后的粉体进行内氧化， 氧化温度 700°C ; 氧化 时间 5小时， 氧压 1.5MPa。
第四步，将第三步获得的内氧化后的粉体依次进行球磨造粒和过筛， 未能通 过筛网的大颗粒返回到球磨机中重新加工， 然后再过筛。 球磨转速 200转 /分钟； 球磨时间 12小时； 球料比为 15; 所过筛的目数 200目。
第五步， 将第四步获得的复合粉体和 400目银粉 6467g倒入 "V"型混粉机 中， 进行均匀混粉。 混粉时转速速度 40转 /分钟， 时间 6小时。
第六步， 将第三步获得的粉体装入直径为 9cm, 长度 30cm塑胶筒中， 进行 冷等静压， 冷等静压压强 100MPa。
第七步， 将第四步获得的冷等静压坯体进行烧结， 烧结温度 80(TC， 烧结 5 小时。
第八步，将第五步获得的烧结坯体进行热压，温度 850°C，热压压强 200MPa， 热压时间 15分钟。
第九步， 将热压好的坯体进行热挤压， 热挤压温度 900°C， 挤压比 300， 挤 压速度 5cm/min， 挤压模具预热温度 400Ό。
本实施例最终获得具有明显 Sn02纤维状组织结构的 AgSnO2(10)材料，其中， Sn02纤维状组织结构是由很多细小的 Sn02颗粒定向排列连接而成的。获得的材 料抗拉强度为 288Mpa; 沿挤压方向电阻率为 2.2μΩ. η; 硬度为 88HV。 实施例二 以制备 AgCd012触头材料为例
第一步， 将 Ag锭 300g、 Cd锭 300g和 Cu添加剂 15g置于熔炼炉中进行熔 炼， 然后将合金液体进行雾化制粉。
第二步， 将第一步获得合金粉末置于高能球磨罐中进行球磨， 球磨转速在 180转 /分钟； 球磨时间 10小时； 球料比 12。
第三步， 将第二步获得的球磨后的粉体进行内氧化， 氧化温度 300Ό ; 氧化 时间 15小时， 氧压 0.3MPa。
第四步，将第三步获得的内氧化后的粉体依次进行球磨造粒和过筛，未能通 过筛网的大颗粒返回到球磨机中重新加工， 然后再过筛。 球磨转速 280转 /分钟; 球磨时间 5小时； 球料比 20; 所过筛的目数 100目。
第五步， 将第四步获得的粉体和粒度为 400目的银粉 2196g—起倒入 "V" 型混粉机中， 进行均匀混粉。 混粉时转速速度 20转 /分钟， 时间 4小时。
第六步， 将第五步获得的粉体装入直径为 9cm， 长度 10cm塑胶筒中， 进行 冷等静压， 冷等静压压强 100MPa。
第七步， 将第六步获得的冷等静压坯体进行烧结， 烧结温度 750°C， 烧结 9 小时。
第八步，将第七步获得的烧结坯体进行热压，温度 600 °C，热压压强 700MPa， 热压时间 20min。
第九步， 将热压好的坯体进行热挤压， 挤压成片材， 热挤压温度 900°C， 挤 压比 300， 挤压速度 10cm/min， 挤压模具预热温度 300°C。
本实施例最终获得具有明显 CdO纤维状组织结构的 AgCd012材料， 其中， CdO纤维状组织结构是由很多细小的 CdO颗粒定向排列连接而成的。 获得的材 料抗拉强度为 292Mpa; 沿挤压方向电阻率为 2.0μΩχιη; 硬度为 83HV。 实施例三
以制备 AgZnO(8)触头材料为例
第一步， 将 Ag锭 600g、 Zn锭 200g和 Bi添加剂 18g置于熔炼炉中进行熔 炼， 然后将合金液体进行雾化制粉。
第二步， 将第一步获得合金粉末置于高能球磨罐中进行球磨， 球磨转速在 300转 /分钟； 球磨时间 5小时； 球料比 15。
第三步， 将第二步获得的球磨后的粉体进行内氧化， 氧化温度 500°C ; 氧化 时间 12小时； 氧压 0.5MPa。
第四步，将第三步获得的内氧化后的粉体依次进行球磨造粒和过筛，未能通 过筛网的大颗粒返回到球磨机中重新加工， 然后再过筛。 球磨转速 180转 /分钟； 球磨时间 15小时； 球料比 10; 所过筛的目数 300目。
第五步，将第四步获得的复合粉体和粒度为 50目的银粉 2246g—起倒入" V" 型混粉机中， 进行均匀混粉。 混粉时转速速度 30转 /分钟， 时间 2小时。
第六步， 将第五步获得的粉体装入直径为 9cm， 长度 15cm塑胶筒中， 进行 冷等静压， 冷等静压压强 400MPa。
第七步， 将第六步获得的冷等静压坯体进行烧结， 烧结温度 600°C， 烧结 8 小时。
第八步，将第七步获得的烧结坯体进行热压，温度 83CTC，热压压强 700MPa， 热压时间 5分钟。
第九步， 将热压好的坯体进行热挤压， 热挤压温度 700°C , 挤压比 80， 挤压 速度 15cm/min， 挤压模具预热温度 300°C。
本实施例最终获得具有明显 ZnO纤维状组织结构的 AgZnO(8)材料， 其中， ZnO纤维状组织结构是由很多细小的纳米 ZnO颗粒定向排列连接而成的。 获得 的材料抗拉强度为 285Mpa; 沿挤压方向电阻率为 2.1μΩ. η; 硬度为 85HV。 实施例四
以制备 Ag-4ZnO-8Sn02触头材料为例
第一步， 将 Ag锭 600g、 Zn锭 102g、 Sn锭 200g和添加剂 Ce为 26g、 In为 20g置于熔炼炉中进行熔炼， 然后将合金液体进行雾化制粉。
第二步， 将第一步获得合金粉末置于高能球磨罐中进行球磨， 球磨转速在 280转 /分钟； 球磨时间 10小时； 球料比为 20。
第三步， 将第二步获得的球磨后的粉体进行内氧化， 氧化温度 500°C ; 氧氧 化时间 15小时； 氧压 1.5MPa。
第四步，将第三步获得的内氧化后的粉体依次进行球磨造粒和过筛，未能通 过筛网的大颗粒返回到球磨机中重新加工， 然后再过筛。 球磨转速 280转 /分钟; 球磨时间 15小时； 球料比为 20; 所过筛的目数 400目。
第五步， 将第四步获得的复合粉体和粒度为 300 目的银粉 2136g—起倒入 "V"型混粉机中， 进行均匀混粉。 混粉时转速速度 30转 /分钟， 时间 4小时。
第六步， 将第五步获得的粉体装入直径为 9cm， 长度 15cm塑胶筒中， 进行 冷等静压， 冷等静压压强 300MPa。
第七步， 将第六步获得的冷等静压坯体进行烧结， 烧结温度 800°C , 烧结 10 小时。
第八步，将第七步获得的烧结坯体进行热压，温度 850°C，热压压强 700MPa， 热压时间 10min。
第九步， 将热压好的坯体进行热挤压， 热挤压温度 900°C， 挤压比 400， 挤 压速度 5cm/min， 挤压模具预热温度 500°C。
本实施例最终获得具有明显 ZnO和 Sn02纤维状组织结构的 Ag-4ZnO-8Sn02 触头材料材料，其中， ZnO和 Sn02纤维状组织结构分别是由很多细小的 ZnO和 Sn02纳米颗粒定向排列连接而成的。获得的材料抗拉强度为 260Mpa; 沿挤压方 向电阻率为 2.3μΩχηι; 硬度为 89HV。 实施例五
以制备. AgSn02(6)In203(6)触头材料为例
第一步， 将 Ag锭 1000g、 Sn锭 600g和添加剂 In为 629g置于熔炼炉中进 行熔炼， 然后将合金液体进行雾化制粉。
第二步， 将第一步获得合金粉末置于高能球磨罐中进行球磨， 球磨转速在 280转 /分钟； 球磨时间 10小时； 球料比为 15。
第三步， 将第二步获得的球磨后的粉体进行内氧化， 氧化温度 60(TC ; 氧化 时间 8小时， 氧压 lMPa。
第四步，将第三步获得的内氧化后的粉体依次进行球磨造粒和过筛， 未能通 过筛网的大颗粒返回到球磨机中重新加工， 然后再过筛。 球磨转速 200转 /分钟； 球磨时间 10小时； 球料比为 20; 所过筛的目数 300目。
第五步， 将第四步获得的复合粉体和 400 目银粉 10167g倒入 "V"型混粉 机中， 进行均勾混粉。 混粉时转速速度 40转 /分钟， 时间 6小时。
第六步， 将第三步获得的粉体装入直径为 9cm， 长度 25cm塑胶筒中， 进行 冷等静压， 冷等静压压强 300MPa。
第七步， 将第四步获得的冷等静压坯体进行烧结， 烧结温度 800°C， 烧结 5 小时。
第八步，将第五步获得的烧结坯体进行热压，温度 850Ό，热压压强 500MPa， 热压时间 30分钟。
第九步， 将热压好的坯体进行热挤压， 热挤压温度 900°C， 挤压比 300， 挤 压速度 5cm/min， 挤压模具预热温度 400Ό。
本实施例最终获得具有明显 Sn02和添加剂氧化物 In203纤维状组织结构的 AgSn02(12)材料， 其中， Sn02和氧化物 In203纤维状组织结构分别是由很多细小 的 Sn02颗粒和 In203颗粒定向排列连接而成的，获得的材料抗拉强度为 290Mpa; 沿挤压方向电阻率为 2.9μΩ.αη; 硬度为 89HV。 以上所述仅为本发明的部分较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明的技术范围做任 何限制，本发明还可以适用于其他成分配比的纤维状组织结构银基氧化物复合材 料的制备。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内做的任何修改， 等同替换和改进等， 均 应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.一种纤维状组织结构银基氧化物电触头材料的制备方法， 其特征在于包括 以下步骤：
第一步， 将银锭、金属锭和添加剂置于熔炼炉中熔炼成合金液体， 然后进行 雾化制粉处理； 其中： 金属为一切能够与银形成合金、 还原性比 Ag强能够自发 氧化的金属，且金属种类为一种或多种； 合金粉中银和其它金属重量比例根据所 需制备材料成份及后续加工要求所需计算获得；添加剂含量以金属含量及后续工 艺所需计算获得， 且添加剂为 Bi、 In, Cu及稀土元素中的一种或多种；
第二步， 将第一步获得雾化合金粉置于高能球磨罐中进行球磨；
第三步， 将第二步获得的粉体进行内氧化；
第四步，将第三步获得的内氧化后的粉体依次进行高能球磨造粒和过筛，未 能通过筛网的大颗粒再重新置于球磨机中进行再加工， 然后再过筛；
第五步，将第四步获得的复合粉体和基体银粉倒入混粉机中进行混粉，其中： 复合粉体和基体银粉重量比例根据所需制备材料成份及纤维尺寸所需计算获得； 第六步， 将第五步获得的粉体进行冷等静压；
第七步， 将冷等静压获得的坯体进行烧结；
第八步， 将烧结获得的坯体进行热压；
第九步，将热压获得的坯体进行热挤压，得到纤维状组织结构银基氧化物电 触头材料。
2.如权利要求 1所述的一种纤维状组织结构银基氧化物电触头材料的制备方 法， 其特征在于， 第一步中， 所述 Ag锭和金属锭重量比例在 3-0.5之间， 所述 添加剂金属的氧化物不超过银基氧化物总重量的 1%。
3.如权利要求 1所述的一种纤维状组织结构银基氧化物电触头材料的制备方 法， 其特征在于， 第二步中所述球磨转速在 180转 /分钟一 300转 /分钟之间， 球 磨时间在 5-10小时， 球料比在 10-20之间； 第四步中所述球磨转速在 180转 /分 t— 280转 /分钟之间， 球磨时间在 5-15小时， 球料比在 10-20之间， 所过筛的 目数在 100目 -400目之间。
4.如权利要求 1所述的一种纤维状组织结构银基氧化物电触头材料的制备方 法， 其特征在于， 第三步中， 所述内氧化温度在 300°C-700°C之间， 氧化时间在 5-15小时之间， 氧压在 0.3-1.5MPa之间。
5.如权利要求 1所述的一种纤维状组织结构银基氧化物电触头材料的制备方 法， 其特征在于， 第五步中， 所述混粉机转速在 20转 /分钟一 40转 /分钟之间， 混粉时间在 2-6小时之间， 基体银粉粒度在 50-400目之间。
6.如权利要求 1所述的一种纤维状组织结构银基氧化物电触头材料的制备方 法， 其特征在于， 第六步中， 所述等静压压强在 100-400Mpa之间。
7.如权利要求 1所述的一种纤维状组织结构银基氧化物电触头材料的制备方 法， 其特征在于， 第七步中， 所述烧结， 其中： 烧结温度在 600°C-80(TC之间， 烧结时间在 5-10小时之间。
8.如权利要求 1所述的一种纤维状组织结构银基氧化物电触头材料的制备方 法， 其特征在于， 第八步中， 所述热压， 其中： 热压温度在 600°C-850°C之间， 热压压强在 200-700MPa之间， 热压时间为 5min-30min之间。
9.如权利要求 1所述的一种纤维状组织结构银基氧化物电触头材料的制备方 法， 其特征在于， 第九步中， 所述热挤压， 其中： 坯体加热温度在 700-900°C之 间， 挤压比在 80-400之间， 挤压速度在 5-15cm/min之间； 挤压模具预热温度在 300-500 °C之间。
10.—种采用权利要求 1所述的方法制备的纤维状组织结构银基氧化物电触 头材料，其特征在于，所述纤维状组织结构的银基氧化物电触头材料具有明显的 纤维状增强相材料，其中增强相材料的纤维状组织结构是由其颗粒定向排列而成 的；增强相材料为一种材料或多种材料混合物，取决于前期金属锭中所含金属的 种类数及配比。
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