WO2012079283A1 - 贵金属选矿剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

贵金属选矿剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012079283A1
WO2012079283A1 PCT/CN2011/002086 CN2011002086W WO2012079283A1 WO 2012079283 A1 WO2012079283 A1 WO 2012079283A1 CN 2011002086 W CN2011002086 W CN 2011002086W WO 2012079283 A1 WO2012079283 A1 WO 2012079283A1
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Prior art keywords
ore
precious metal
urea
ore dressing
blood salt
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PCT/CN2011/002086
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
滕培贵
黄奇向
龙燕
方明智
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Teng Peigui
Huang Qixiang
Long Yan
Fang Mingzhi
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Application filed by Teng Peigui, Huang Qixiang, Long Yan, Fang Mingzhi filed Critical Teng Peigui
Publication of WO2012079283A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012079283A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/04Obtaining noble metals by wet processes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a beneficiation additive, in particular to a ore dressing additive with low toxicity and environmental protection, and to a noble metal such as gold oxide, silver oxide ore and copper oxide ore, and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Precious metals such as gold, silver and copper are valuable resources. At present, more than 85 % of the world's gold is extracted by cyanidation. The production of gold by cyanidation is a relatively mature process. The advantages are simple process, low production cost, strong adaptability to ore, high leaching rate, etc.; shortcomings are long leaching time, seriousness to personal safety and agricultural, animal husbandry, fishery and environmental pollution. Moreover, the current trend of gold, silver and copper mining in the world is that the rich ore and easy-to-handle mines are decreasing or depleted. Complex ore, refractory ore and lean ore become the main resources for gold and silver mine production.
  • the field of precious metal and non-ferrous metal sulfide ore flotation reagents contains: dimercaptodithiophosphate 30% - 60%; dialkyl thio Carbamate 8% - 14%, mixed fatty alcohol 8% - 24%, aromatic oil 4% - 8%, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0% - 30%, water 15% - 36%, the invention has a consumption The amount is small, the cost is low, the drug addition system is simple, and the metal recovery index can be improved.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a gold oxide, silver oxide and copper oxide beneficiation additive which can replace the existing cyanide pollution problem, has high extraction rate, low cost and stable production process, and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • the precious metal ore dressing agent of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises yellow blood salt, urea and a pH adjusting agent, wherein the weight ratio of yellow blood salt to urea is 1:1 to 1:6.
  • the noble metal is gold, silver or copper.
  • the yellow blood salt includes one of sodium ferrocyanide and potassium ferrocyanide.
  • the pH adjusting agent described above is one or a mixture of two or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium carbonate and ammonium hydrogencarbonate.
  • the preparation method of the precious metal ore dressing agent described above is to mix the yellow blood salt and the urea into the reactor, and add a pH adjuster during the slow heating process, and after heating to a molten state, the pH of the molten material is 8 ⁇ 14, keep the melting temperature for 5 ⁇ 60 minutes, cool to room temperature, and get the product.
  • the method for using the precious metal ore dressing agent according to the present invention is to use a dosage of 50 g to 250 g of precious metal ore dressing agent per ton of ore or ore powder, and add 5 to 30 kg of lime per ton of ore or ore powder, according to Each kilogram of the drug is dissolved in water of 100 to 1000 kg, and the ore or ore powder added with lime is soaked or piled up in a conventional manner, and the leaching time is 1 to 48 hours, and then the precious metal is recovered by a conventional method.
  • continuous soaking or heap leaching time is 10 to 45 days.
  • ferrocyanide is potassium ferrocyanide (Formula K 4 [Fe (CN) 6 ] ⁇ 3 ⁇ 2 0), sodium ferrocyanide (Formula N 3 ⁇ 4 [Fe (CN) ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 0 ), pale yellow crystal, a coordination compound formed by iron and cyanide.
  • K 4 [Fe (CN) 6 ] ⁇ 3 ⁇ 2 0 potassium ferrocyanide
  • Na ferrocyanide Forma N 3 ⁇ 4 [Fe (CN) ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 0
  • pale yellow crystal a coordination compound formed by iron and cyanide.
  • a coordination compound formed by iron and cyanide Mainly used in the manufacture of paints, inks, pigments, pharmaceuticals, metal heat treatment, salt anti-caking agents, food additives, and the steel industry and tanned leather.
  • the preparation method of the gold oxide, silver oxide and copper oxide beneficiation additive according to the invention is as follows: firstly mixing yellow blood salt and urea, adding a pH adjuster, heating to 600-1000 ° C, reaching a molten state, directly cooling It is placed at room temperature or placed in a mold, cooled to room temperature, and demolded to obtain a bulking additive of gold oxide, silver oxide and copper oxide.
  • the method for using the gold oxide, silver and copper beneficiation additive according to the invention is as follows: the above additive is dissolved in water, and the dosage of 50 g to 250 g per ton of ore is pre-added with water of 200 kg per kg of gold and silver ore dressing additive,
  • the conventional heap leaching method leaches gold oxide, silver oxide and copper oxide, and the peak leaching time is 5 to 12 hours.
  • the method for using the gold oxide, silver and copper beneficiation additive according to the present invention may also be added to the lime by mixing, the method is to pulverize the ore and then add the ore dressing additive of the invention, and add 50 to 250 grams of the ore dressing additive per ton of ore.
  • Each ton of ore plus 20-30 kg of lime, each kilogram of gold, silver and copper beneficiation additive is pre-applied with 200 kg of water to dissolve, evenly mixed with mineral powder and lime.
  • the peak period of ore leaching time is 5 to 12 hours, and then the gold and silver are recovered by conventional methods. copper.
  • the outstanding substantive features and significant advancements of the beneficiation additives of the gold oxide, silver oxide and copper oxides of the present invention are:
  • a new preparation method is provided.
  • the production process is simpler and the composition is more accurate.
  • the raw materials are stoichiometrically adjusted.
  • the pH value of the melt By adjusting the pH value of the melt, the product quality is stable, and the leaching is not caused by excessive alkali. Water is polluted when water is discharged.
  • the products produced can be widely used in the production of precious metal mines, such as oxidized gold ore, silver oxide ore, copper oxide ore, heaping, etc., and can also be used in industrial production industries such as electroplating to replace highly toxic sodium cyanide. Compared with all other non-toxic or low-toxic drugs, it has excellent drug stability, environmental protection, and low cost. It is an epoch-making product that advocates environmentally friendly society in China, and will produce precious metals in China and the world. To a revolutionary role.
  • the product has low toxicity and environmental protection effect. Since the CN-ion has been chelated and cannot be ionized, it is less toxic. We specialize in feeding pigs with more than 10 grams of medicine soaked meals. Dogs, cattle, sheep, horses and other large-sized animals are not fatal to eat; grasshoppers, frogs and other small animals are not fatal if they fall into the heap of poor liquid. It is indicated that the use of the ore dressing agent of the gold oxide, silver oxide and copper oxide of the present invention is low in toxicity and high in safety.
  • Example 1 taking 5 kg of yellow blood salt, 10 kg of sodium hydroxide, 10 kg of sodium carbonate, 15 kg of urea, first heating the yellow blood salt to a molten state, and then heating the urea to 600-1000 ° C, to the molten state Then add sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate to make the melt PH value 8 ⁇ 14, keep the melting temperature for 5 ⁇ 60 minutes, directly cool to normal temperature or put it in the mold, cool to normal temperature, release the mold, and obtain block oxidation.
  • Example 2 taking 6 kg of yellow blood salt, 15 kg of sodium hydroxide, 20 kg of sodium carbonate, 25 kg of urea, first heating the yellow blood salt to a molten state, and then adding sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and urea to the whole 600-100 (TC, after the material reaches the molten state, it is directly cooled to normal temperature or placed in a mold, cooled to normal temperature, and demolded to obtain a bulking additive of gold oxide, silver oxide and copper oxide.
  • Example 3 taking 8 kg of yellow salt, 12 kg of sodium hydroxide, 19 kg of sodium carbonate, 30 kg of urea, first heating the yellow blood salt to a molten state, then adding sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and urea to the total heating 600 - lOOCTC, after the material reaches the molten state, it is directly cooled to normal temperature or placed in a mold, cooled to normal temperature, and demolded to obtain a bulking additive of gold oxide, silver oxide and copper oxide.
  • Example 4 taking 10 kg of yellow blood salt, 15 kg of potassium hydroxide, 20 kg of potassium carbonate, 25 kg of urea, first heating the yellow blood salt to a molten state, then adding potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, urea to comprehensively heat After reaching the molten state at 600-1000 ° C, the material is directly cooled to room temperature or placed in a mold, cooled to room temperature, and demolded to obtain a bulking additive of gold oxide, silver oxide and copper oxide.
  • Example 5 taking 11 kg of yellow blood salt, 12 kg of potassium hydroxide, 19 kg of potassium carbonate, 30 kg of urea, first heating the yellow blood salt to a molten state, and then adding potassium hydroxide, potassium hydrogencarbonate, urea to comprehensively heat To 600-1000 ⁇ , make the material reach After the molten state, it is directly cooled to normal temperature or placed in a mold, cooled to normal temperature, and demolded, to obtain a bulking additive of gold oxide, silver oxide and copper oxide.
  • Example 6 taking 12 kg of yellow blood salt, 10 kg of sodium hydroxide, 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 15 kg of urea, first heating the yellow blood salt to a molten state, then adding sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydrogencarbonate, urea After heating to 600-100 (TC, the material is brought into a molten state, directly cooled to normal temperature or placed in a mold, cooled to room temperature, and demolded to obtain a bulking additive of gold oxide, silver oxide and copper oxide.
  • Example 7 the weight ratio of yellow blood salt to urea is 1:1.5, the yellow blood salt and urea are mixed, put into the reactor, and the pH adjusting agent sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate are added during the slow heating process. After heating to a molten state, the pH of the melt is 8 ⁇
  • Example 8 the weight ratio of yellow blood salt to urea is 1:4, and the yellow blood salt and urea are mixed and put into the reactor. During the slow heating process, the pH adjusting agent sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydrogencarbonate are added, and the mixture is heated. After the molten state, the pH of the melt is 10 ⁇
  • Example 9 the weight ratio of yellow blood salt to urea is 1: 5, the yellow blood salt and urea are mixed, put into the reactor, and the pH adjusting agent sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrogencarbonate are added during heating, and the heating is performed. After reaching the molten state, the pH of the melt is 12 to 14 (measured by setting a small amount of molten material to the sample after cooling and dissolving in water), keeping the melting temperature for 20-30 minutes, and cooling to normal temperature to obtain a block-like environment-friendly type. Precious metal ore dressing agent.
  • Example 10 the weight ratio of yellow blood salt to urea is 1:3, and the yellow blood salt and urea are mixed and put into the reactor. During the slow heating process, the pH adjusting agent potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate are added, and heated to After the molten state, the melt ra value is 11 ⁇
  • Example 11 the weight ratio of the yellow blood salt to the urea is 1:6, the yellow blood salt and the urea are mixed, and placed in the reactor.
  • the pH adjuster sodium carbonate is added, and after heating to the molten state, The pH of the melt was 12 to 14 (a small amount of the melt test sample was cooled and dissolved in water, and the pH was measured by a glass electrode), the melting temperature was maintained for 10 to 20 minutes, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain a block-shaped environmentally-friendly precious metal ore dressing agent.
  • Example 12 the weight ratio of the yellow blood salt to the urea is 1: 1, the yellow blood salt and the urea are mixed, and placed in the reactor.
  • the pH adjuster sodium hydrogencarbonate is added, and after heating to the molten state, , so that the pH of the melt is 12 ⁇ 13 (take a small amount of molten sample to cool and dissolve in water and measure the pH value), keep the melting temperature for 10-15 minutes, cool to normal temperature or put it in the mold, demould, and get a block Environmentally friendly precious metal ore dressing agent.
  • Example 13 taking 11 kg of yellow blood salt, 15 kg of sodium carbonate, 30 kg of urea, first mixing yellow blood salt and urea, and putting In the reactor, during the slow heating process, the pH adjuster sodium carbonate is added, and after heating to a molten state, the pH of the melt is 12 to 14 (a small amount of the molten substance is sampled and dissolved in water to determine the pH). Keep the melting temperature for 5-10 minutes, directly cool to room temperature or put it in the mold, demoulding, and obtain a block-shaped environmentally friendly precious metal ore dressing agent.
  • Example 1 Using Example 1, take 20 tons of gold oxide ore containing 4 g/ton of gold, crush the ore, add 300 kg of lime to mix, use environmentally-friendly precious metal ore dressing agent 2000 g and add water 1700 kg to dissolve, then pile the ore, heap At a time of 45 hours, the leached liquid was adsorbed with activated carbon, and 65 g of gold was obtained by a conventional method to recover precious metals.
  • Example 2 Using Example 2, take 1 ton of silver oxide ore containing 120 g/ton of silver, crush the ore, add 20 kg of lime and mix it, use 200 g of environmentally-friendly precious metal ore dressing to dissolve 200 kg of water, then dip the ore, immerse The time was 40 hours, and the leached liquid was adsorbed with activated carbon, and 110 g of metallic silver was obtained by a conventional method to recover precious metals.
  • Example 3 Using Example 3, take 20 tons of oxidized ore powder containing 3 g/ton of gold and 50 g/ton of silver, add 400 kg of lime and mix it, use 3000 g of environmentally-friendly precious metal ore dressing and dissolve 2500 kg of water, then pile up the ore.
  • the powder and the heaping time were 36 hours, and the leached liquid was adsorbed by activated carbon, and 50 g of metal gold and 870 g of metallic silver were obtained by a conventional method to recover precious metals.
  • Example 4 Using Example 4, take 20 tons of gold-containing 3 g/ton, silver-containing 20 g/ton, tin-containing 6 g/ton polysulfide ore powder, add 400 kg of lime to mix, use environmentally-friendly precious metal ore dressing agent, 3000 g of water. 2500 kg was dissolved, and then the ore powder was piled up. The heaping time was 7 days. The leached liquid was adsorbed by activated carbon, and 50 g of metal gold and 370 g of metallic silver were obtained by a conventional method. The selected slime is used to refine metal tin.
  • the precious metal ore dressing product of the invention (selling example 3) was sent to the Guangxi Autonomous Region-level health inspection department for animal acute toxicity test in March 2011, and the sample was formulated into four concentration samples of 10.75, 5.00, 2.32 and 1.07513 ⁇ 4/1111, In the four dose groups, Kunming mice were intragastrically administered, and 10 mice in each group were observed for death. The results are shown in Table 2: Table 2. Results of acute toxicity of the product of the present invention on mice. ( g, X soil S) death animal number mortality sex mg/kg BW P, 0 d 7 d 14 d only %
  • the Guangxi Autonomous Region-level health inspection department simultaneously compared the environmentally-friendly precious metal ore dressing product (Example 2) of the present invention with caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), and the samples were formulated into four concentration samples of 10.00, 5.00, 2.00 and 1.0014 ⁇ 4/1111.
  • Kunming mice were intragastrically administered, and 10 mice in each group were observed for death.
  • the result was LD 5 .
  • Both female and male mice were 40.0 mg/kg BW, indicating that the acute toxicity of the environmentally friendly precious metal ore dressing product of the present invention is lower than that of caustic soda, that is, the alkaline ore dressing product is highly toxic and pollutes the environment. serious.

Description

贵金属选矿剂及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种选矿添加剂, 特别是具有低毒、 环保, 针对氧化金、 氧化银矿、 氧化铜 矿等贵金属的选矿添加剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
金银铜等贵金属是宝贵资源。 目前世界上 85 %以上的黄金都是用氰化法提取的。 用氰化 法生产黄金, 是一种较为成熟的工艺。 其优点是工艺简单, 生产成本低, 对矿石适应性强, 浸出率高等; 缺点是浸出时间长、 对人身安全及农、 牧、 渔业的危害及环境污染都很严重。 而且目前世界金银铜矿开采的趋势是富矿、 易处理矿日益减少或枯竭, 复杂矿石、 难处理矿 石和贫矿成为金银矿生产的主要资源。 据报道, 目前世界上富矿已经很少, 遗留下来 2 / 3以 上为难处理矿。 因此, 近两个世纪, 对难处理矿的研究, 特别是难处理矿石的预处理方法和 工艺的研究, 以及对复杂矿石的综合回收技术的研究, 已成为金银生产领域的重要课题。 在 提取工艺方面,氧化矿金银选矿主要直接采用氰化法,随着环保的要求日趋严格,特别是 1989 年颁布 "中国环境保护法"之后, 迫使企业在治理金银生产对环境污染的同时, 加速清洁生产 工艺的研究, 以促使金银生产技术朝着无污染或少污染的方向发展。 . 为了解决氰化物的剧毒污染问题, 几十年来, 国内外有关学者相继展开了大量的试验研 究工作, 努力寻找无氰、 无毒选矿剂, 已研究过的浸金剂有几十种, 例如: 硫脲法、 水氯法、 煤金团聚法、 硫代硫酸盐法、 石硫合剂法、 次氯酸盐法等, 在这些方法中, 制约无氰浸金工 艺应用于工业生产的主要问题是生产成本高、 工艺较为复杂。 例如硫脲法, 价格昂贵、 生产 成本高、 生产过程稳定性差, 制约着它的推广和应用。 其它的方法在工业化应用方面尚未取 得突破。 所以近年来人们还一直探索着一些成本低、 对环境污染少的无氰、 无毒选矿剂, 例 如: 中国专利名称:贵金属和有色金属硫化矿复合浮选药^ ], 申请(专利)号: CN99113384. 6 申请日: 1999. 10. 29, 公开 (公告)号: CN1294032, 公开 (公告) 日: 2001. 05. 09, 申请(专 利权) 人:沈阳矿冶研究所, 地址:辽宁省沈阳市铁西区南九中路 70号 发明 (设计)人:韩树 山 摘要:贵金属和有色金属硫化矿浮选药剂领域,含有:二垸基二硫代磷酸盐 30%— 60%;二烷 基硫代氨基甲酸酯 8%— 14%,混合脂肪醇 8%— 24%,芳烃油 4%— 8%,羧甲基纤维素钠 0%— 30%,水 15%— 36%, 该发明具有耗量小、 成本低、 药剂添加制度简便,对金属回收指标能有良好改善。
张文钲 (西北有色金属研究院) 在 "钼矿选矿技术进展", 《中国钼业》 2008年 32卷 1 期中, 叙述了钼矿选矿工艺和选矿设备, 油类和黄原酸盐类混合捕收剂, 絮凝浮选, 用硫酸 锌与亚铁氰化钾分离滑石与辉钼矿, 碱浸-浮选高氧化率钼矿石, 离子浮选, 采用浮选氧压氧
1
确认本 化浸出浮选工艺从低品位钼精矿生产纯三氧化钼。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能够取代现有氰化物的剧毒污染问题, 具有提取率高、成本低、 生产过程稳定的氧化金、 氧化银、 氧化铜选矿添加剂及其制备方法和应用。
本发明的贵金属选矿剂, 其特征在于: 包括黄血盐、 尿素和 pH调节剂, 其中黄血盐和尿 素的重量比例是 1 : 1〜1: 6。
所述的贵金属是金、 银、 铜。
所述的黄血盐包括亚铁氰化钠和亚铁氰化钾中的其中一种。
以上所述的 pH调节剂是氢氧化钠、 氢氧化钾、 碳酸钠、 碳酸氢钠、 碳酸钾和碳酸氢铵中 的一种或两种以上的混合物。
以上所述的贵金属选矿剂的制备方法, 是将黄血盐和尿素混合, 放到反应器中, 在缓慢 升温过程中, 加入 pH调节剂, 加热到熔融状态后, 使熔融物 PH值为 8〜14, 保持熔融温度 5〜 60分钟, 冷却到常温, 得到产品。
本发明所述的贵金属选矿剂的使用方法,是按每吨矿石或矿粉使用贵金属选矿剂 50克〜 250克的药量, 按每吨矿石或矿粉加入石灰 5〜30公斤翻拌, 按每公斤药量加水 100〜1000 公斤溶解, 按常规方法浸泡或堆淋加入石灰后的矿石或矿粉, 浸出时间为 1〜48小时, 然后 通过常规方法回收贵金属。
对于贫矿或多元素复杂矿石或矿粉, 连续浸泡或堆淋浸出时间为 10〜45天。
以上所述的黄血盐化学名是亚铁氰化钾 (化学式 K4 [Fe (CN) 6] ·3Η20)、 亚铁氰化钠 (化 学式 N¾ [Fe (CN) · 10Η20), 浅黄色晶体, 为铁和氰形成的配位化合物。 主要用于制造油漆、 油墨、 色素、 制药、 金属热处理、 食盐防结块剂, 食品添加剂以及钢铁工业和揉革等。
本发明所述的氧化金、 氧化银、 氧化铜选矿添加剂的制备方法是: 先将黄血盐和尿素混 合加热, 加入 pH调节剂, 加热到 600- 1000°C, 达到熔融状态后, 直接冷却到常温或置于模具 中, 冷却到常温, 脱模, 得到块状的氧化金、 氧化银和氧化铜的选矿添加剂。
本发明所述的氧化金、 银、 铜选矿添加剂的使用方法是: 将上述添加剂用水溶解, 以每 吨矿石 50克〜 250克的药量, 每公斤金银选矿添加剂预先加水 200公斤溶解, 按常规堆淋的方 法对氧化金、 氧化银和氧化铜进行浸出, 浸出高峰期时间为 5〜12小时。
本发明所述的氧化金、 银、 铜选矿添加剂的使用方法, 还可以加入石灰拌入使用, 方法 是将矿石粉碎后加入本发明的选矿添加剂, 每吨矿石加入选矿添加剂 50克〜 250克, 每吨矿石 加石灰 20— 30公斤,每公斤金银铜选矿添加剂预先加水 200公斤溶解,与矿粉、石灰混合均匀, 矿石浸出时间的高峰期为 5〜12小时, 然后通过常规方法回收金银铜。 本发明的氧化金、 氧化银和氧化铜的选矿添加剂的突出的实质性特点和显著的进步是:
1、 提供了一种新的制备方法, 该生产过程更简单, 成分更加准确, 原料是按化学计量比 进行, 通过调节熔融物的 pH值, 产品质量稳定, 不因为强碱的过量而使浸出水排放时污染水 源。
2、 生产出来的产品可广泛运用于贵金属矿山的生产, 例如氧化金矿、 氧化银矿、 氧化铜 矿的浸泡、 堆淋等, 还可以运用在电镀等工业生产行业, 替代剧毒氰化钠的药品, 与其他所 有的无毒或低毒药品相比, 具有药性稳定、 产品环保, 成本较低等优 , 是当前我国提倡环 保友好型社会的划时代产品, 对中国乃至世界的贵金属生产将起到革命性的作用。
3、 产品具有低毒、 环保效果。 由于 CN-离子已被螯合, 不能电离, 故毒性较低。 我们专 门用超过 10克药品浸泡饭食喂猪, 狗、 牛、 羊、 马等大体型动物饮用不致命; 蚂蚱、 青蛙等 小动物掉入堆淋的贫液池中也不致命。 说明本发明的氧化金, 氧化银, 氧化铜的选矿剂使用 是低毒的, 安全性较高的。
具体实施方式
实施例 1, 取黄血盐 5公斤, 氢氧化钠 10公斤, 碳酸钠 10公斤, 尿素 15公斤, 先将黄血盐 加热达到熔融状态后, 尿素综合加热到 600-1000 °C, 到熔状态后再加入氢氧化钠、 碳酸钠, 使熔融物 PH值为 8〜14, 保持熔融温度 5〜60分钟, 直接冷却到常温或置于模具中, 冷却到常 温, 脱模, 得到块状的氧化金、 氧化银和氧化铜的选矿添加剂。
实施例 2, 取黄血盐 6公斤, 氢氧化钠 15公斤, 碳酸钠 20公斤, 尿素 25公斤, 先将黄血盐 加热达到熔融状态后, 再加入氢氧化钠、 碳酸钠、 尿素综合加热到 600- 100(TC, 使物料达到 熔融状态后, 直接冷却到常温或置于模具中, 冷却到常温, 脱模, 得到块状的氧化金、 氧化 银和氧化铜的选矿添加剂。
实施例 3, 取黄 盐 8公斤, 氢氧化钠 12公斤, 碳酸钠 19公斤, 尿素 30公斤, 先将黄血盐 加热达到熔融状态后, 再加入氢氧化钠、 碳酸钠、 尿素综合加热到 600- lOOCTC , 使物料达到 熔融状态后, 直接冷却到常温或置于模具中, 冷却到常温, 脱模, 得到块状的氧化金、 氧化 银和氧化铜的选矿添加剂。
实施例 4, 取黄血盐 10公斤, 氢氧化钾 15公斤, 碳酸钾 20公斤, 尿素 25公斤, 先将黄血盐 加热达到熔融状态后, 再加入氢氧化钠钾、 碳酸钾、 尿素综合加热到 600- 1000°C, 使物料达 到熔融状态后, 直接冷却到常温或置于模具中, 冷却到常温, 脱模, 得到块状的氧化金、 氧 化银和氧化铜的选矿添加剂。
实施例 5, 取黄血盐 11公斤, 氢氧化钾 12公斤, 碳酸钾 19公斤, 尿素 30公斤, 先将黄血盐 加热达到熔融状态后, 再加入氢氧化钾、 碳酸氢钾、 尿素综合加热到 600-1000Ό, 使物料达 到熔融状态后, 直接冷却到常温或置于模具中, 冷却到常温, 脱模,'得到块状的氧化金、 氧 化银和氧化铜的选矿添加剂。
实施例 6, 取黄血盐 12公斤, 氢氧化钠 10公斤, 碳酸氢铵 15公斤, 尿素 15公斤, 先将黄血 盐加热达到熔融状态后, 再加入氢氧化钠、 碳酸氢铵、 尿素综合加热到 600-100(TC, 使物料 达到熔融状态后, 直接冷却到常温或置于模具中, 冷却到常温, 脱模, 得到块状的氧化金、 氧化银和氧化铜的选矿添加剂。
实施例 7, 黄血盐和尿素的重量比例是 1 : 1. 5, 将黄血盐和尿素混合, 放到反应器中, 在 缓慢升温过程中, 加入 pH调节剂氢氧化钠和碳酸钠, 加热到熔融状态后, 使熔融物 PH值为 8〜
13 (取少量熔融物检测样冷却溶解于水后测定 pH值), 保持熔融温度 5— 10分钟, 冷却到常温 得到块状的环保型贵金属选矿剂。
实施例 8, 黄血盐和尿素的重量比例是 1 : 4, 将黄血盐和尿素混合, 放到反应器中, 在缓 慢升温过程中,加入 pH调节剂氢氧化钠和碳酸氢铵,加热到熔融状态后,使熔融物 PH值为 10〜
14 (取少量熔融物检测样冷却溶解于水后用玻璃电极测定 pH值), 保持熔融温度 10— 20分钟, 冷却到常温得到块状的环保型贵金属选矿剂。
实施例 9, 黄血盐和尿素的重量比例是 1 : 5, 将黄血盐和尿素混合, 放到反应器中, 在缓 慢升温过程中,加入 pH调节剂氢氧化钠和碳酸氢钠,加热到熔融状态后,使熔融物 PH值为 12〜 14 (取少量熔融物检测样冷却溶解于水后测、定 pH值), 保持熔融温度 20— 30分钟, 冷却到常温 得到块状的环保型贵金属选矿剂。
实施例 10, 黄血盐和尿素的重量比例是 1 : 3, 将黄血盐和尿素混合, 放到反应器中, 在 缓慢升温过程中,加入 PH调节剂氢氧化钾和碳酸钾,加热到熔融状态后,使熔融物 ra值为 11〜
13 (取少量熔融物检测样冷却溶解于水后测定 pH值), 保持熔融温度 30— 40分钟, 冷却到常温 得到块状的环保型贵金属选矿剂。
实施例 11, 黄血盐和尿素的重量比例是 1 : 6, 将黄血盐和尿素混合, 放到反应器中, 在 缓慢升温过程中, 加入 pH调节剂碳酸钠, 加热到熔融状态后, 使熔融物 PH值为 12〜14 (取少 量熔融物检测样冷却溶解于水后用玻璃电极测定 pH值),保持熔融温度 10— 20分钟,冷却到常 温得到块状的环保型贵金属选矿剂。
实施例 12, 黄血盐和尿素的重量比例是 1 : 1, 将黄血盐和尿素混合, 放到反应器中, 在 缓慢升温过程中, 加入 pH调节剂碳酸氢钠, 加热到熔融状态后, 使熔融物 PH值为 12〜13 (取 少量熔融物检测样冷却溶解于水后测定 PH值), 保持熔融温度 10— 15分钟, 冷却到常温或置于 模具中, 脱模, 得到块状的环保型贵金属选矿剂。
实施例 13, 取黄血盐 11公斤, 碳酸钠 15公斤, 尿素 30公斤, 先将黄血盐和尿素混合, 放 到反应器中, 在缓慢升温过程中, 加入 pH调节剂碳酸钠, 加热到熔融状态后, 使熔融物 PH值 为 12〜14 (取少量熔融物检测样冷却溶解于水后测定 pH值), 保持熔融温度 5— 10分钟, 直接 冷却到常温或置于模具中, 脱模, 得到块状的环保型贵金属选矿剂。
使用实施例 1, 取 20吨含金 4克 /吨的氧化金矿石, 将矿石粉碎, 加入石灰 300公斤翻拌, 使用环保型贵金属选矿剂 2000克加水 1700公斤溶解, 然后堆淋矿石, 堆淋时间为 45小时, 浸 出的液体用活性碳吸附, 通过常规方法提炼后得到 65克黄金, 从而回收贵金属。
使用实施例 2, 取 1吨含银 120克 /吨的氧化银矿石, 将矿石粉碎, 加入石灰 20公斤翻拌, 使用环保型贵金属选矿剂 200克加水 200公斤溶解, 然后浸淋矿石, 浸淋时间为 40小时, 浸出 的液体用活性碳吸附, 通过常规方法提炼后得到 110克金属银, 从而回收贵金属。
使用实施例 3, 取 20吨含金 3克 /吨、 含银 50克 /吨的氧化矿粉, 加入石灰 400公斤翻拌, 使 用环保型贵金属选矿剂 3000克加水 2500公斤溶解, 然后堆淋矿粉, 堆淋时间为 36小时, 浸出 的液体用活性碳吸附,通过常规方法提炼后得到 50克金属金、 870克金属银,从而回收贵金属。
使用实施例 4, 取 20吨含金 3克 /吨、 含银 20克 /吨、 含锡 6克 /吨的多硫化矿粉, 加入石灰 400公斤翻拌, 使用环保型贵金属选矿剂 3000克加水 2500公斤溶解, 然后堆淋矿粉, 堆淋时间 为 7天, 浸出的液体用活性碳吸附, 通过常规方法提炼后得到 50克金属金、 370克金属银。 选 出来的矿泥用于提炼金属锡。
以下是本发明产品与传统氰化物法进行矿物高峰浸出时间、毒性和污染情况对比, 从表 1 看到, 本发明产品比传统氰化物法矿物高峰浸出时间缩短, 毒性和污染情况较轻, 具体综合 技术指标和性能见表 1。
表 1, 本发明的综合技术指标和性能:
Figure imgf000007_0001
本发明贵金属选矿剂产品 (卖施例 3) 于 2011年的 3月送到广西自治区级卫生检验部门进 行动物急性毒性试验,样品配成 10.75、 5.00、 2.32和1.0751¾/1111四个浓度样品, 四个剂量组, 给昆明种小白鼠灌胃, 每组 10只小白鼠, 观察死亡情况, 结果如表 2: 表 2, 本发明产品对小鼠急性毒性经口毒性试验结果 剂量组 动物数 体重 ( g, X 土 S) 死亡动物数 死亡率 性别 mg/kg BW P、 0 d 7 d 14 d 只 %
215.0 5 20.1±1.4 1 1 5 100 雄 100.0 5 20.8±1· 1 1 1 - 5 100
46.4 5 20.5±1.1 24.2±1.3 (3只) 27.9±1.9 (3只) 2 40
21.5 5 19.8±1.5 24.2±2.0 28· 1±1.9 0 0
215.0 5 20.1±1.6 1 1 5 100 雌 100.0 5 20.0±1.5 1 1 5 100
46.4 5 19.5±0.8 23.8±2.0 (3只) 27.0±1.8 (3只) 2 40
21.5 5 20. & ±1.6 24.3±1·6 27·5±2·6 0 0
LD5„雌、 雄小鼠均为 50.1 rag/kg BW, 95%可信限: 34.4〜73.0 mg/kg BW
同时, 广西自治区级卫生检验部门同时对本发明环保型贵金属选矿剂产品(实施例 2)与 烧碱 (氢氧化钠) 对比, 样品配成 10.00、 5.00、 2.00和1.001¾/1111四个浓度样品, 个剂量 组,给昆明种小白鼠灌胃,每组 10只小白鼠,观察死亡情况,结果 LD5。雌、雄小鼠均为 40.0 mg/kg BW, 说明本发明环保型贵金属选矿剂产品小鼠急性毒性经口毒性比烧碱低, 也就是说, 碱性 大的选矿剂产品毒性大, 污染环境也严重。

Claims

1、 一种贵金属选矿剂, 其特征在于: 包括黄血盐、 尿素和 pH调节剂, 其中黄血盐和尿素 的重量比例是 1 : 1〜1: 6;
所述的贵金属是金、 银、 铜;
所述的黄血盐包括亚铁氰化钠和亚铁氰化钾中的其中一种。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的贵金属选矿剂, 其特征在于: pH调节剂是氢氧化钠、 氢氧化钾、 碳酸钠、 碳酸氢钠、 碳酸钾和碳酸氢铵中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的贵金属选矿剂的制备方法, 其特征在于: 将黄血盐和尿素混合, 放到反应器中, 在缓慢升温过程中, 加入 pH调节剂, 加热到熔融状态后, 使熔融物 PH值为 8〜 14, 保持熔融温度 5〜60分钟, 冷却到常温, '得到产品。
4、如权利要求 1所述的贵金属选矿剂的使用方法, 其特征在于: 按每吨矿石或矿粉使用 贵金属选矿剂 50克〜 250克的药量, 按每吨矿石或矿粉加入石灰 5〜30公斤翻拌, 按每公斤 药量加水 100〜1000公斤溶解, 按常规方法浸泡或堆淋加入石灰后的矿石或矿粉, 浸出时间 为 1〜48小时, 然后通过常规方法回收贵金属。
5、如权利要求 1所述的贵金属选矿剂的使用方法, 其特征在于: 贫矿或多元素复杂矿石 或矿粉, 连续浸泡或堆淋浸出时间为 10〜45天。
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