WO2012077619A1 - 複合半透膜およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
複合半透膜およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012077619A1 WO2012077619A1 PCT/JP2011/078037 JP2011078037W WO2012077619A1 WO 2012077619 A1 WO2012077619 A1 WO 2012077619A1 JP 2011078037 W JP2011078037 W JP 2011078037W WO 2012077619 A1 WO2012077619 A1 WO 2012077619A1
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- Prior art keywords
- compound
- group
- composite semipermeable
- ethylenically unsaturated
- semipermeable membrane
- Prior art date
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 claims abstract 7
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORZGJQJXBLFGRP-WAYWQWQTSA-N bis(ethenyl) (z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OC=C ORZGJQJXBLFGRP-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIPBVABVQJZSAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC=C PIPBVABVQJZSAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWICIOVOJVNAIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl) benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OC=C)=C1 FWICIOVOJVNAIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHXBXGHGYCSRAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OC=C)C=C1 IHXBXGHGYCSRAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJCHRUXIDGEWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl) butanedioate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)CCC(=O)OC=C AJCHRUXIDGEWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBIUOBIXWAFQEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl) nonanedioate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C PBIUOBIXWAFQEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZLCYFUZPYEUJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl) octanedioate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)CCCCCCC(=O)OC=C HZLCYFUZPYEUJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHTWATXYZJSPOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl) oxalate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C(=O)OC=C IHTWATXYZJSPOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWNBTPQVFKSTLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl) pentanedioate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)CCCC(=O)OC=C QWNBTPQVFKSTLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AALXAILNCMAJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl) propanedioate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)CC(=O)OC=C AALXAILNCMAJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPOLOEWJWXZUSP-WAYWQWQTSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) (z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCC=C ZPOLOEWJWXZUSP-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC=C QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDNFTNPFYCKVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCC=C)C=C1 ZDNFTNPFYCKVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HABAXTXIECRCKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) butanedioate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCC=C HABAXTXIECRCKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQBBIIARQXLCHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) heptanedioate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)CCCCCC(=O)OCC=C SQBBIIARQXLCHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPODCVUTIPDRTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) hexanedioate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCC=C FPODCVUTIPDRTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFUAOHZJDCNMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) octanedioate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)CCCCCCC(=O)OCC=C QFUAOHZJDCNMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKXRKRANFLFTFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) oxalate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C(=O)OCC=C BKXRKRANFLFTFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOESAXAWXYJFNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) propanedioate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)CC(=O)OCC=C AOESAXAWXYJFNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUZSUMLPWDHKCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A dimethacrylate Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(=O)C(=C)C)=CC=C1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OC(=O)C(C)=C)C=C1 QUZSUMLPWDHKCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Natural products CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 description 1
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDSFBVVBFMKMRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)silane Chemical compound C=CC[Si](C)(C)CC=C ZDSFBVVBFMKMRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZODWTWYKYYGSFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](CC=C)(CC=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZODWTWYKYYGSFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RRLWYLINGKISHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanol Chemical compound CCOCO RRLWYLINGKISHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYGWZBFQWUBYAT-WGDLNXRISA-N ethyl (e)-3-[4-[(e)-3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]phenyl]prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(\C=C\C(=O)OCC)C=C1 QYGWZBFQWUBYAT-WGDLNXRISA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJWBBBADPXPUPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(C)ON=C1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 HJWBBBADPXPUPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)=O CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGAZZOYFWWSOGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-3-one Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)CC NGAZZOYFWWSOGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene Chemical group C=CCCC=C PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUQWZSZYIQGTHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene-3,4-diol Chemical compound C=CC(O)C(O)C=C KUQWZSZYIQGTHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- XLSMFKSTNGKWQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CO XLSMFKSTNGKWQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N linalool Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH3] ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1,3-benzoxazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYVGXEWAOAAJEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,4-trimethylaniline Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 GYVGXEWAOAAJEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUYPTSGXFDZQEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[1,2-dihydroxy-2-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)ethyl]-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NC(O)C(O)NC(=O)C(C)=C PUYPTSGXFDZQEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMLXKXHICXTSDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[1,2-dihydroxy-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)ethyl]prop-2-enamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NC(O)C(O)NC(=O)C=C ZMLXKXHICXTSDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHIVNJATOVLWBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butan-2-ylidenehydroxylamine Chemical group CCC(C)=NO WHIVNJATOVLWBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAQQTJZRCYNBRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentan-3-ylidenehydroxylamine Chemical group CCC(CC)=NO NAQQTJZRCYNBRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYUWTXWIYMHBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-prop-2-enylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound C=CCNCC=C DYUWTXWIYMHBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URXNVXOMQQCBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene;sodium Chemical compound [Na].C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 URXNVXOMQQCBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- FZUGPQWGEGAKET-UHFFFAOYSA-N parbenate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 FZUGPQWGEGAKET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTZWHHIREPJPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phorone Chemical compound CC(C)=CC(=O)C=C(C)C MTZWHHIREPJPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930193351 phorone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- FSDNTQSJGHSJBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidine-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1CCNCC1 FSDNTQSJGHSJBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZYBHSWXEWOPHBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound [K+].C[C-](C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZYBHSWXEWOPHBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079827 sodium hydrogen sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BUUPQKDIAURBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfinic acid Chemical compound OS=O BUUPQKDIAURBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWSZXUOMATYHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl octaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C BWSZXUOMATYHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFLKFZNIIQFQBS-FNCQTZNRSA-N trans,trans-1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-butadiene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 JFLKFZNIIQFQBS-FNCQTZNRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQBSGRWMSNFIPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxane Chemical compound C1COOOC1 KQBSGRWMSNFIPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/70—Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0006—Organic membrane manufacture by chemical reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/1213—Laminated layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/125—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/26—Polyalkenes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/26—Polyalkenes
- B01D71/261—Polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/42—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences
- C08G77/442—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing vinyl polymer sequences
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/12—Specific ratios of components used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/34—Use of radiation
- B01D2323/345—UV-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/40—Details relating to membrane preparation in-situ membrane formation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/14—Membrane materials having negatively charged functional groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/24—Mechanical properties, e.g. strength
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite semipermeable membrane excellent in durability and water permeability and a method for producing the same.
- a semi-permeable membrane used as a water treatment separation membrane that prevents permeation of dissolved components such as salt has been an asymmetric cellulose acetate membrane (for example, Patent Document 1).
- this membrane has low hydrolysis resistance and microbial resistance, and the basic performance as a separation membrane for water treatment such as salt rejection and water permeability was not sufficient.
- asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes have been used for some applications, but have not yet been put to practical use for a wide range of applications.
- a semi-permeable membrane with a different form from the asymmetric membrane is provided with a different material on a microporous support membrane, which provides a membrane separation performance substantially.
- a composite semipermeable membrane to serve as a functional layer has been proposed.
- the composite semipermeable membrane it is possible to select an optimal material for each of the microporous support membrane and the separation functional layer, and various methods can be selected for the membrane formation technique.
- Most of the composite semipermeable membranes commercially available so far are obtained by a separation functional layer made of polyamide by interfacial polycondensation on a porous membrane support membrane. Examples of such a composite semipermeable membrane include the invention described in Patent Document 2.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a separation functional membrane layer in which a compound having an alkoxy group is included in the structure of polyamide.
- the composite semipermeable membrane has higher desalting performance than the cellulose acetate asymmetric membrane, and at the same time has high water permeability.
- a composite semipermeable membrane using such a polyamide has an amide bond in the main chain, so that the durability against an oxidizing agent is still insufficient, and it should be treated with chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, etc. used for membrane sterilization. It is known that the desalting performance and the selective separation performance are significantly degraded by the above.
- Patent Document 4 Patent Document 5
- Patent Document 6 Patent Document 6
- the composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer obtained by polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated compound described in Patent Literature 4, Patent Literature 5, and Patent Literature 6 is excellent in chemical resistance, but either water permeability or separation performance. However, it was not enough.
- an object of the present invention is to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having high durability, high separability and high water permeability.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention has the following configuration. That is, A separation functional layer formed on a microporous support membrane, the separation functional layer comprising a compound (A) in which a reactive group having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a hydrolyzable group are directly bonded to a silicon atom, Hydrolysis of compound (A) from compound (B) having an ethylenically unsaturated group other than compound (A) and compound (C) having an ethylenically unsaturated group other than compounds (A) and (B)
- a composite semipermeable membrane formed by condensation of a functional group and polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated group of the compound (A), the compound (B), and the compound (C), the compound (A), the compound (B ) And compound (C) are composite semipermeable membranes satisfying the relationship of the following mathematical formula (I) relating to the Alfrey-Price Q value, which is an index of mono
- the manufacturing method of the composite semipermeable membrane of this invention has the following structure.
- the compound (B) preferably has an acidic group.
- the compound (C) is a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated group, and both the compound (A) and the compound (C) are conjugated monomers, or both Is preferably a non-conjugated monomer.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention is a compound in which the compound (C) has an ethylenically unsaturated group and a hydrolyzable group directly bonded to a silicon atom, and both the compound (B) and the compound (C) are conjugated.
- they are monomers or both are non-conjugated monomers.
- the compound (C) preferably has a silicon atom, and a hydrolyzable group is directly bonded to the silicon atom.
- the compound (A) is preferably represented by the following chemical formula (i).
- R 1 represents a reactive group containing an ethylenically unsaturated group.
- R 2 represents an alkoxy group, an alkenyloxy group, a carboxy group, a ketoxime group, a halogen atom or an isocyanate group.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or Represents an alkyl group, m and n are integers satisfying m + n ⁇ 4, and satisfy m ⁇ 1 and n ⁇ 1
- the compound (C) is preferably represented by the following chemical formula (ii).
- R 1 represents a reactive group containing an ethylenically unsaturated group.
- R 2 represents an alkoxy group, an alkenyloxy group, a carboxy group, a ketoxime group, a halogen atom or an isocyanate group.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or Represents an alkyl group, m and n are integers satisfying m + n ⁇ 4, and satisfy m ⁇ 1 and n ⁇ 1 In each of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 , two or more functional groups are bonded to a silicon atom. If they are bonded, they may be the same or different.
- a composite semipermeable membrane excellent in chemical resistance and water permeability to chemicals represented by chlorine can be obtained.
- industrial improvements such as low running cost, low cost, and energy saving are expected.
- the separation functional layer of the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention is formed on the microporous support membrane by the following reaction.
- the compound (A) is a compound in which a reactive group having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a hydrolyzable group are directly bonded to a silicon atom, which will be described.
- the reactive group having an ethylenically unsaturated group is directly bonded to the silicon atom.
- reactive groups include vinyl groups, allyl groups, methacryloxyethyl groups, methacryloxypropyl groups, acryloxyethyl groups, acryloxypropyl groups, and styryl groups. From the viewpoint of polymerizability, a methacryloxypropyl group, an acryloxypropyl group, and a styryl group are preferable.
- a condensation reaction occurs in which a compound is bonded by a siloxane bond through a process such that a hydrolyzable group directly bonded to a silicon atom is changed to a hydroxyl group, resulting in a polymer.
- the hydrolyzable group include an alkoxy group, an alkenyloxy group, a carboxy group, a ketoxime group, an aminohydroxy group, a halogen atom and an isocyanate group.
- the alkoxy group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably has 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
- the alkenyloxy group preferably has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and further preferably 3 carbon atoms.
- the carboxy group preferably has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably has 2 carbon atoms, that is, an acetoxy group.
- the ketoxime group include a methyl ethyl ketoxime group, a dimethyl ketoxime group, and a diethyl ketoxime group.
- the aminohydroxy group is one in which an amino group is bonded to a silicon atom via an oxygen atom via oxygen. Examples of such include dimethylaminohydroxy group, diethylaminohydroxy group, and methylethylaminohydroxy group.
- halogen atom a chlorine atom is preferably employed.
- a compound in which a part of the hydrolyzable group is hydrolyzed and has a silanol structure can be used.
- two or more compounds having a high molecular weight such that a part of the hydrolyzable group is not hydrolyzed, condensed, or crosslinked can be used.
- the compound (A) is preferably represented by the following chemical formula (i).
- R 1 represents a reactive group containing an ethylenically unsaturated group.
- R 2 represents an alkoxy group, an alkenyloxy group, a carboxy group, a ketoxime group, a halogen atom or an isocyanate group.
- R 3 represents H or alkyl.
- M and n are integers satisfying m + n ⁇ 4 and satisfy m ⁇ 1 and n ⁇ 1 In each of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 , two or more functional groups are bonded to a silicon atom. They may be the same or different.
- R 1 is a reactive group containing an ethylenically unsaturated group, and is as described above.
- R 2 is a hydrolyzable group, and these are as described above.
- the alkyl group as R 3 preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
- an alkoxy group is preferably used in forming the separation functional layer because the reaction solution has viscosity.
- Such compounds include vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, allyltriethoxysilane, styryltrimethoxysilane, styryltriethoxysilane, styrylethyltrimethoxysilane, styrylethyltriethoxysilane, methacrylate.
- Roxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, acryloxymethyltrimethoxysilane, acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, (acryloxymethyl) phenethyltrimethoxy Silane is exemplified.
- a compound having no hydrolyzable group which does not have a reactive group having an ethylenically unsaturated group, can also be used.
- Such a compound can be represented by the following chemical formula (iii), and examples thereof include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, and methyltriethoxysilane.
- R 1 represents any of an alkoxy group, an alkenyloxy group, a carboxy group, a ketoxime group, a halogen atom or an isocyanate group.
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- M is an integer satisfying 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 4.
- the compound (B) is a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated group other than the compound (A), which will be described.
- the ethylenically unsaturated group has addition polymerizability.
- examples of such compounds include ethylene, propylene, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, styrene, and derivatives thereof.
- this compound (B) is an alkali-soluble compound having an acidic group in order to increase the selective permeability of water and increase the salt rejection when a composite semipermeable membrane is used for separation of an aqueous solution.
- this compound (B) is an alkali-soluble compound having an acidic group in order to increase the selective permeability of water and increase the salt rejection when a composite semipermeable membrane is used for separation of an aqueous solution.
- this compound (B) is an alkali-soluble compound having an acidic group in order to increase the selective permeability of water and increase the salt rejection when a composite semipermeable membrane is used for separation of an aqueous solution.
- Preferred acids are carboxylic acid, phosphonic acid, phosphoric acid and sulfonic acid, and the structure of these acids may exist in any form of acid form, ester compound and metal salt.
- These compounds (B) having an ethylenically unsaturated group can contain two or more acidic groups, and among them, compounds containing 1 to 2 acidic groups are preferred.
- compounds having a carboxylic acid group include maleic acid, maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylic acid, 4- ( Mention may be made of (meth) acryloyloxyethyl trimellitic acid and the corresponding anhydride, 10-methacryloyloxydecylmalonic acid, N- (2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropyl) -N-phenylglycine and 4-vinylbenzoic acid.
- compounds having a phosphonic acid group include vinylphosphonic acid, 4-vinylphenylphosphonic acid, 4-vinylbenzylphosphonic acid, and 2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphonic acid.
- the phosphoric acid ester compounds include 2-methacryloyloxypropyl monohydrogen phosphoric acid, 2-methacryloyloxypropyl dihydrogen phosphoric acid, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl monoester.
- Hydrogen phosphate and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl dihydrogen phosphate 2-methacryloyloxyethyl-phenyl-hydrogen phosphate, dipentaerythritol-pentamethacryloyloxyphosphate, 10-methacryloyloxydecyl-dihydrogen phosphate, dipentaerythritol penta Methacryloyloxyphosphate, phosphoric acid mono- (1-acryloyl-piperidin-4-yl) -ester, 6- (methacrylamide) hexyl dihydrogen phosphate and 1,3-bis- (N-acryloyl-N-propyl) Amino) - propan-2-yl - dihydrogen phosphate are exemplified.
- compounds having a sulfonic acid group include vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, 3- (acryloyloxy) propane-1-sulfonic acid, and 3- (methacryloyl).
- the compound (C) is a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated group other than the compounds (A) and (B), and further about this, the compound (A), the compound Formula (I) satisfied by (B) and compound (C) will be described.
- the compound (C) examples include the following compounds. That is, ethylene, propylene, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, styrene and derivatives thereof, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylic acid, 4- (meth) acryloyloxyethyltri Mellitic acid and the corresponding anhydride, 10-methacryloyloxydecylmalonic acid, N- (2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropyl) -N-phenylglycine and 4-vinylbenzoic acid, vinylphosphonic acid, 4-vinylphenylphosphone Acid, 4-vinylbenzylphosphonic acid, 2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphonic acid, 2-methacrylamidoethy
- the compound (C) is a compound in which a reactive group having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a hydrolyzable group are directly bonded to a silicon atom in the same manner as the compound (A), a compound species having a large charged molar amount is compounded.
- (A) is defined, and a compound species having a small molar amount of charge is defined as a compound (C).
- a compound species having a lower charged molar amount than the compound (B) Is defined as compound (C).
- a compound species having a large charged molar amount is defined as a compound (B).
- Table 1 shows the Q values of typical monomers. Regarding the Q value of more monomers, “Polymer Handbook”, (US), 4th edition, John Wiley, by J. Brandrup, E. H. Immergut, E. A. Grulke ⁇ And Sons (John Wiley & Sons Inc), 1999, p.II / 181-II / 319, etc., can be referred to.
- the F and f are known to satisfy the relationship of the formula (II), and F (f-1) / f is plotted against F 2 / f, and the slope and the vertical axis are obtained by linear approximation. From the values of the intercept, the copolymerization reactivity ratios r 1 and r 2 are known.
- a monomer having a large Q value and a monomer having a small Q value are homopolymerized. It tends to be very bad.
- a monomer having a Q value of 0.2 or more is called a conjugated monomer, and a monomer having a Q value less than 0.2 is called a non-conjugated monomer, and conjugated monomers and non-conjugated monomers are easily copolymerized.
- a reaction liquid containing a polymerization initiator in addition to the compound (A), the compound (B) and the compound (C) is used to form a separation functional layer.
- a reaction liquid containing a polymerization initiator in addition to the compound (A), the compound (B) and the compound (C) is used to form a separation functional layer.
- the compound (B) having an ethylenically unsaturated group has a high molecular weight because it may elute when the composite semipermeable membrane is used if it has a low molecular weight, causing a decrease in membrane performance. is required.
- the separation functional layer As a method for improving the uniformity of the pore diameter in the separation functional layer, there is a method for improving the copolymerizability.
- a compound (C) having a Q value between the Q value of the compound (A) and the compound (B) to the system in which the compound (A) and the compound (B) are present, the compound (A ), Compound (B), and compound (C) are likely to be copolymerized. That is, by adding the compound (C) satisfying the relationship of the following formula (I), the compound (A) having a hydrolyzable group is easily copolymerized with other components, and crosslinking by condensation of the hydrolyzable group.
- the separation functional layer having a uniform pore size, in which the points are appropriately dispersed, is formed. As a result, it is possible to obtain a composite semipermeable membrane having a balance between water permeability and removal performance.
- the compound (C) is a compound in which a reactive group having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a hydrolyzable group are directly bonded to a silicon atom as in the compound (A), the compound (C) and the compound (B) If both are conjugated monomers or non-conjugated monomers, copolymerization is easy due to the close Q value, so that the crosslinking points due to condensation of hydrolyzable groups of compound (C) are moderately dispersed. The effect of improving the uniformity of the pores is high.
- Examples of methods for forming the separation functional layer include a step of applying a reaction solution containing the compound (A), the compound (B) and the compound (C), a step of removing the solvent, an ethylenically unsaturated group.
- the polymerization step and the hydrolyzable group condensation step are performed in this order. In the step of polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated group, condensation of hydrolyzable groups may occur simultaneously.
- reaction solution containing the compound (A), the compound (B) and the compound (C) is brought into contact with the microporous support membrane.
- a reaction solution is usually a solution containing a solvent, but such a solvent does not destroy the microporous support membrane, and is added as necessary to compound (A), compound (B), compound (C), and the like.
- 1 to 10 times mole amount, preferably 1 to 5 times mole amount of water together with inorganic acid or organic acid is added with respect to the total number of moles of compound (A) and compound (C). It is preferable to promote hydrolysis of the compound (A).
- the solvent for the reaction solution is preferably water, an alcohol-based organic solvent, an ether-based organic solvent, a ketone-based organic solvent, or a mixture thereof.
- an alcohol organic solvent methanol, ethoxymethanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, amyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (2-methoxyethanol), ethylene glycol monoacetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether
- Examples include diethylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monoacetate, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, and methoxybutanol.
- ether organic solvents include methylal, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, dibutyl ether, diamyl ether, diethyl acetal, dihexyl ether, trioxane, dioxane and the like.
- ketone organic solvents include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl amyl ketone, methyl cyclohexyl ketone, diethyl ketone, ethyl butyl ketone, trimethylnonanone, acetonitrile acetone, dimethyl oxide, phorone, cyclohexanone, dye Acetone alcohol etc. are mentioned.
- the amount of the solvent added is preferably 50 to 99% by weight, more preferably 80 to 99% by weight, based on the total weight of the reaction solution. When the addition amount of the solvent is within the above-mentioned preferable range, the water permeability of the obtained composite semipermeable membrane can be kept high, and on the other hand, defects are hardly generated in the membrane.
- the contact between the microporous support membrane and the reaction liquid is preferably performed uniformly and continuously on the surface of the microporous support membrane.
- a method of coating the reaction solution on the microporous support film using a coating device such as a spin coater, a wire bar, a flow coater, a die coater, a roll coater, or a spray.
- a coating device such as a spin coater, a wire bar, a flow coater, a die coater, a roll coater, or a spray.
- the method of immersing a microporous support membrane in a reaction liquid can be mentioned.
- the contact time between the microporous support membrane and the reaction solution is preferably within the range of 0.5 to 10 minutes, and within the range of 1 to 3 minutes. More preferably.
- the reaction solution is brought into contact with the microporous support membrane, it is preferable to sufficiently drain the liquid so that no droplets remain on the membrane.
- Liquid draining can be performed by holding the microporous support membrane in contact with the reaction liquid in the vertical direction to allow the excess reaction liquid to flow down naturally or by blowing air such as nitrogen from an air nozzle to forcibly drain the liquid. Or the like can be used.
- the membrane surface can be dried to remove a part of the solvent in the reaction solution.
- the step of condensing the hydrolyzable group of the compound is performed by bringing the reaction solution into contact with the microporous support membrane, followed by heat treatment.
- the heating temperature at this time is required to be lower than the temperature at which the microporous support membrane melts and the performance as a separation membrane decreases.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 150 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 120 ° C. or lower. If the reaction temperature is 0 ° C. or higher, the hydrolysis and condensation reaction proceed rapidly, and if it is 150 ° C. or lower, the hydrolysis and condensation reaction are easily controlled. Further, by adding a catalyst that promotes hydrolysis or condensation, the reaction can proceed even at a lower temperature.
- the heating condition and the humidity condition are selected so that the separation functional layer has pores, and the condensation reaction is appropriately performed.
- the electromagnetic wave includes infrared rays, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, ⁇ rays and the like.
- the optimum selection may be made as appropriate, but it is preferable to promote polymerization by electromagnetic wave irradiation from the viewpoint of running cost, productivity and the like.
- electromagnetic waves infrared irradiation and ultraviolet irradiation are more preferable from the viewpoint of simplicity.
- these light sources do not need to selectively generate only light in this wavelength region, and any light source containing electromagnetic waves in these wavelength regions may be used.
- the intensity of these electromagnetic waves is higher than electromagnetic waves in other wavelength regions.
- Electromagnetic waves can be generated from halogen lamps, xenon lamps, UV lamps, excimer lamps, metal halide lamps, rare gas fluorescent lamps, mercury lamps, and the like.
- the energy of the electromagnetic wave is not particularly limited as long as it can be polymerized, but in particular, high-efficiency, low-wavelength ultraviolet rays have high film-forming properties.
- Such ultraviolet rays can be generated by a low-pressure mercury lamp or an excimer laser lamp.
- the thickness and form of the separation functional layer according to the present invention may vary greatly depending on the respective polymerization conditions. If polymerization is performed using electromagnetic waves, the thickness and shape of the separation functional layers vary greatly depending on the wavelength of electromagnetic waves, the intensity, the distance to the irradiated object, and the processing time. Sometimes. Therefore, these conditions need to be optimized as appropriate.
- the polymerization initiator and the polymerization accelerator are not particularly limited, and are appropriately selected according to the structure of the compound to be used, the polymerization technique, and the like.
- the polymerization initiator is exemplified below.
- an initiator for polymerization by electromagnetic waves benzoin ether, dialkylbenzyl ketal, dialkoxyacetophenone, acylphosphine oxide or bisacylphosphine oxide, ⁇ -diketone (for example, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone), diacetylquinone, furylquinone, anisylquinone, Examples are 4,4'-dichlorobenzylquinone and 4,4'-dialkoxybenzylquinone, and camphorquinone.
- Initiators for polymerization by heat include azo compounds (eg, 2,2′-azobis (isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) or azobis- (4-cyanovaleric acid), or peroxides (eg, dibenzoyl peroxide).
- azo compounds eg, 2,2′-azobis (isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) or azobis- (4-cyanovaleric acid
- peroxides eg, dibenzoyl peroxide
- Peroxides and ⁇ -diketones are preferably used in combination with aromatic amines to accelerate initiation. This combination is also called a redox system. Examples of such systems include benzoyl peroxide or camphorquinone and amines (eg, N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine, N, N-dihydroxyethyl-p-toluidine, ethyl p-dimethyl-aminobenzoate). Ester or a derivative thereof). Furthermore, a system containing a peroxide in combination with ascorbic acid, barbiturate or sulfinic acid as a reducing agent is also preferred.
- the heating temperature depends on the material of the microporous support membrane, if it is within the above preferred range, the polycondensation reaction takes place sufficiently so that the functional layer does not elute and the high removal rate is maintained, while the microporous support by dissolution is maintained. Since the membrane does not clog the pores, the high water production of the composite semipermeable membrane is maintained.
- the polymerization step of the ethylenically unsaturated group may be performed before or after the polycondensation step with the hydrolyzable group. Moreover, you may perform a polycondensation reaction and a polymerization reaction simultaneously.
- the composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained can be used as it is, but it is preferable to hydrophilize the surface of the membrane with, for example, an alcohol-containing aqueous solution or an alkaline aqueous solution before use.
- the initial performance of the salt removal rate of the composite semipermeable membrane is the following formula (V)
- the initial performance of the membrane permeation flux of the composite semipermeable membrane is the following formula (VI)
- the performance after chlorine immersion is calculated by the following formula (VII).
- Removal rate (%) ⁇ (concentration of supply liquid ⁇ concentration of permeate) / concentration of supply liquid ⁇ ⁇ 100
- Membrane permeation flux (m 3 / m 2 / day) (Amount of permeate per day) / (Membrane area)
- Performance retention after chlorine immersion (%) (removal rate after chlorine immersion) / (removal rate before chlorine immersion) x 100
- Example 1 A 15.7% by weight dimethylformamide solution of polysulfone on a polyester nonwoven fabric is cast at a thickness of 200 ⁇ m at room temperature (25 ° C.), and immediately immersed in pure water and left for 5 minutes to produce a microporous support membrane. did.
- the irradiation intensity is set to 20 mW / cm 2 , and ultraviolet rays are irradiated for 10 minutes to produce 3-acryloxypropyltri
- a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer made of methoxysilane, sodium 4-vinylphenylsulfonate and p-styrylethyltrimethoxysilane as raw materials was prepared.
- the obtained composite semipermeable membrane is held in a 120 ° C. hot air dryer for 3 hours to condense the silane coupling agent, and a dry composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer on the microporous support membrane is obtained. Obtained. Thereafter, the dried composite semipermeable membrane was hydrophilized by immersing it in a 10% by weight isopropyl alcohol aqueous solution for 10 minutes. The composite semipermeable membrane thus obtained was supplied with 500 ppm saline adjusted to pH 6.5 under the conditions of 0.75 MPa and 25 ° C., and pressure membrane filtration operation was performed. The results shown in Table 3 were obtained by measuring the water quality.
- the obtained composite semipermeable membrane was immersed in a 500 ppm chlorine aqueous solution adjusted to pH 7 for 1 week, and a chlorine resistance test was conducted.
- Table 3 also shows the performance retention after immersion in the aqueous chlorine solution.
- Silane 43 mM was replaced with 3-acryloxymethyltrimethoxysilane 35 mM, sodium 4-vinylphenyl sulfonate 70 mM with sodium 4-vinylphenyl sulfonate 104 mM, and UV irradiation device TOSCURE (registered by Harrison Toshiba Lighting) Trademark)
- the compounds (A), (B), (C) and other compounds contained in the solution are as shown in Table 2.
- the obtained composite semipermeable membrane was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results shown in Table 3 were obtained.
- a composite semipermeable membrane was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the time was changed to 5 minutes.
- the compounds (A), (B), (C) and other compounds contained in the solution are as shown in Table 2.
- Example 6 The obtained composite semipermeable membrane was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results shown in Table 3 were obtained.
- a composite semipermeable membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that silane was changed to 43 mM, the irradiation intensity was changed from 20 mW / cm 2 to 30 mW / cm 2 , and the irradiation time was changed from 10 minutes to 5 minutes.
- Example 7 A composite semipermeable membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 10 mM of tetramethoxysilane coexisted in the reaction solution used in Example 1.
- the compounds (A), (B), (C) and other compounds contained in the solution are as shown in Table 2.
- the obtained composite semipermeable membrane was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results shown in Table 3 were obtained.
- Example 8 The 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane 46 mM used in Example 1 was replaced with 94 mM, the sodium 4-vinylphenylsulfonate 70 mM was replaced with 66 mM, and the p-styrylethyltrimethoxysilane 42 mM was replaced with 1,3,5-triacryloyl.
- a composite semipermeable membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine was changed to 20 mM.
- the compounds (A), (B), (C) and other compounds contained in the solution are as shown in Table 2.
- the obtained composite semipermeable membrane was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results shown in Table 3 were obtained.
- Comparative Example 1 An aqueous solution containing 3.0% by weight of metaphenylenediamine and 0.5% by weight of sodium hydrogen sulfite was applied to the same microporous support membrane as in Example 1, and dried with hot air at 70 ° C. for 1 minute. Thereafter, an n-decane solution containing 0.4% by weight of isophthalic acid chloride and 0.1% by weight of trimesic acid chloride was applied and treated with hot air at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes. Thereafter, it was further immersed in a 100 ppm chlorine aqueous solution adjusted to pH 7 for 2 minutes and then washed with pure water. As a result, a composite semipermeable membrane provided with a separation functional layer made of polyamide was obtained. The obtained composite semipermeable membrane was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results shown in Table 3 were obtained.
- the obtained composite semipermeable membrane was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results shown in Table 3 were obtained.
- the initial performance of the composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 3 was significantly lower in salt removal rate than the composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Example 4.
- Comparative Example 3 The reaction mixture in Example 1 did not contain p-styrylethyltrimethoxysilane of the compound (C), and the composite semipermeable material was changed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the concentration of 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was changed to 90 mM.
- a membrane was prepared. Table 2 shows the compounds (A), (B) and other compounds contained in the solution.
- the obtained composite semipermeable membrane was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results shown in Table 3 were obtained.
- the initial performance of the composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 2 was lower in water permeability than the composite semipermeable membranes obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and 8.
- the reaction solution in Example 5 does not contain p-styrylethyltrimethoxysilane of Compound (C), and is the same as Example 5 except that the concentration of 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane of Compound (A) is changed to 90 mM.
- Table 2 shows the compounds (A), (B) and other compounds contained in the solution.
- the obtained composite semipermeable membrane was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results shown in Table 3 were obtained.
- the initial performance of the composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 4 was lower in salt removal rate and water permeability than the composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Example 5.
- (Comparative Example 5) A composite semipermeable membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was not contained in the reaction solution in Example 6 and the concentration of 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was changed to 90 mM.
- Table 2 shows the compounds (A), (B) and other compounds contained in the solution.
- the obtained composite semipermeable membrane was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results shown in Table 3 were obtained.
- the initial performance of the composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 5 was lower in salt removal rate than the composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Example 6.
- Comparative Example 6 A composite semipermeable membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the reaction solution in Example 7 did not contain p-styrylethyltrimethoxysilane and the concentration of 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was changed to 90 mM. Table 2 shows the compounds (A), (B) and other compounds contained in the solution.
- the obtained composite semipermeable membrane was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results shown in Table 3 were obtained.
- the initial performance of the composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 6 was lower in salt removal rate and water permeability than the composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Example 7.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention includes solid-liquid separation, liquid separation, filtration, purification, concentration, sludge treatment, seawater desalination, drinking water production, pure water production, waste water reuse, waste water volume reduction, valuable material recovery, etc. Available in the field of water treatment. As a result, a high-performance film is provided, and improvements such as energy saving and reduction of running cost are expected.
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Abstract
Description
微多孔性支持膜上に分離機能層を形成してなり、該分離機能層が、エチレン性不飽和基を有する反応性基および加水分解性基がケイ素原子に直接結合した化合物(A)、前記化合物(A)以外のエチレン性不飽和基を有する化合物(B)および前記化合物(A)および(B)以外のエチレン性不飽和基を有する化合物(C)から、化合物(A)が有する加水分解性基の縮合、ならびに、化合物(A)、化合物(B)および化合物(C)が有するエチレン性不飽和基の重合により形成された複合半透膜であって、化合物(A)、化合物(B)および化合物(C)が単量体の共重合性の指標となるAlfrey-PriceのQ値に関する下記数式(I)の関係を満たす複合半透膜、である。
(QXは化合物XのAlfrey-PriceのQ値を表す。)
また、本発明の複合半透膜の製造方法は、次の構成を有する。すなわち、
微多孔性支持膜上に、エチレン性不飽和基を有する反応性基および加水分解性基がケイ素原子に直接結合した化合物(A)、前記化合物(A)以外のエチレン性不飽和基を有する化合物(B)、および前記化合物(A)および(B)以外のエチレン性不飽和基を有する化合物(C)を塗布し、化合物(A)が有する加水分解性基の縮合、ならびに、化合物(A)、化合物(B)および化合物(C)が有するエチレン性不飽和基を重合させることにより分離機能層を形成させる複合半透膜の製造方法であって、化合物(A)、化合物(B)および化合物(C)が下記数式(I)の関係を満たす複合半透膜の製造方法、である。
(QXは化合物XのAlfrey-PriceのQ値を表す。)
なお、本発明の複合半透膜は、化合物(B)が酸性基を有することが好ましい。
(R1はエチレン性不飽和基を含む反応性基を示す。R2はアルコキシ基、アルケニルオキシ基、カルボキシ基、ケトオキシム基、ハロゲン原子またはイソシアネート基のいずれかを表す。R3は水素原子またはアルキル基を表す。m、nはm+n≦4を満たす整数であり、m≧1、n≧1を満たすものとする。R1、R2、R3それぞれにおいて2以上の官能基がケイ素原子に結合している場合、同一であっても異なっていてもよい。)
本発明の複合半透膜は、化合物(C)が下記化学式(ii)で表されるものであることが好ましい。
(R1はエチレン性不飽和基を含む反応性基を示す。R2はアルコキシ基、アルケニルオキシ基、カルボキシ基、ケトオキシム基、ハロゲン原子またはイソシアネート基のいずれかを表す。R3は水素原子またはアルキル基を表す。m、nはm+n≦4を満たす整数であり、m≧1、n≧1を満たすものとする。R1、R2、R3それぞれにおいて2以上の官能基がケイ素原子に結合している場合、同一であっても異なっていてもよい。)
(R1はエチレン性不飽和基を含む反応性基を示す。R2はアルコキシ基、アルケニルオキシ基、カルボキシ基、ケトオキシム基、ハロゲン原子またはイソシアネート基のいずれかを表す。R3はHまたはアルキル基を表す。m、nはm+n≦4を満たす整数であり、m≧1、n≧1を満たすものとする。R1、R2、R3それぞれにおいて2以上の官能基がケイ素原子に結合している場合、同一であっても異なっていてもよい。)
R1はエチレン性不飽和基を含む反応性基であるが、上で説明したとおりである。
(R1はアルコキシ基、アルケニルオキシ基、カルボキシ基、ケトオキシム基、ハロゲン原子またはイソシアネート基のいずれかを表す。R2は水素原子またはアルキル基を表す。mは1≦m≦4を満たす整数とする。R1、R2それぞれにおいて2以上の官能基がケイ素原子に結合している場合、同一であっても異なっていてもよい。)
次に、本発明において化合物(B)は、化合物(A)以外のものであって、エチレン性不飽和基を有する化合物であり、これについて説明する。
(QXは化合物XのAlfrey-PriceのQ値を表す。)
化合物(C)としては、次の化合物が例示される。すなわち、エチレン、プロピレン、メタアクリル酸、アクリル酸、スチレンおよびこれらの誘導体、マレイン酸、無水マレイン酸、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、2-(ヒドロキシメチル)アクリル酸、4-(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルトリメリト酸および対応する無水物、10-メタクリロイルオキシデシルマロン酸、N-(2-ヒドロキシ-3-メタクリロイルオキシプロピル)-N-フェニルグリシンおよび4-ビニル安息香酸、ビニルホスホン酸、4-ビニルフェニルホスホン酸、4-ビニルベンジルホスホン酸、2-メタクリロイルオキシエチルホスホン酸、2-メタクリルアミドエチルホスホン酸、4-メタクリルアミド-4-メチル-フェニル-ホスホン酸、2-[4-(ジヒドロキシホスホリル)-2-オキサ-ブチル]-アクリル酸および2-[2-ジヒドロキシホスホリル)-エトキシメチル]-アクリル酸-2,4,6-トリメチル-フェニルエステル、2-メタクリロイルオキシプロピル一水素リン酸および2-メタクリロイルオキシプロピル二水素リン酸、2-メタクリロイルオキシエチル一水素リン酸および2-メタクリロイルオキシエチル二水素リン酸、2-メタクリロイルオキシエチル-フェニル-水素リン酸、ジペンタエリトリトール-ペンタメタクリロイルオキシホスフェート、10-メタクリロイルオキシデシル-二水素リン酸、ジペンタエリトリトールペンタメタクリロイルオキシホスフェート、リン酸モノ-(1-アクリロイル-ピペリジン-4-イル)-エステル、6-(メタクリルアミド)ヘキシル二水素ホスフェートならびに1,3-ビス-(N-アクリロイル-N-プロピル-アミノ)-プロパン-2-イル-二水素ホスフェート、ビニルスルホン酸、アリルスルホン酸、3-(アクリロイルオキシ)プロパン-1-スルホン酸、3-(メタクリロイルオキシ)プロパン-1-スルホン酸、4‐メタクリルアミドベンゼンスルホン酸、1,3-ブタジエン-1-スルホン酸、2-メチル-1,3-ブタジエン-1-スルホン酸、4-ビニルフェニルスルホン酸、3-(メタクリルアミド)プロピルスルホン酸、エチレンジアクリラート、1,3-ビス(アクリロイルオキシ)プロパン、1,4-ビス(アクリロイルオキシ)ブタン、1,5-ビス(アクリロイルオキシ)ペンタン、1,6-ビス(アクリロイルオキシ)ヘキサン、1,7-ビス(アクリロイルオキシ)ヘプタン、1,8-ビス(アクリロイルオキシ)オクタン、1,9-ビス(アクリロイルオキシ)ノナン、1,10-ビス(アクリロイルオキシ)デカン、エチレングリコールジアクリラート、ジエチレングリコールジアクリラート、トリエチレングリコールジアクリラート、テトラエチレングリコールジアクリラート、プロピレングリコールジアクリラート、ジプロピレングリコールジアクリラート、ネオペンチルグリコールジアクリラート、グリセロールジアクリラート、N,N’-メチレンビスアクリルアミド、N,N’-(1,2-ジヒドロキシエチレン)ビスアクリルアミド、1,4-フェニレンジアクリル酸ジエチル、ビスフェノールAジアクリラート、エチレンジメタクリラート、1,3-ビス(メタクリロイルオキシ)プロパン、1,4-ビス(メタクリロイルオキシ)ブタン、1,5-ビス(メタクリロイルオキシ)ペンタン、1,6-ビス(メタクリロイルオキシ)ヘキサン、1,7-ビス(メタクリロイルオキシ)ヘプタン、1,8-ビス(メタクリロイルオキシ)オクタン、1,9-ビス(メタクリロイルオキシ)ノナン、1,10-ビス(メタクリロイルオキシ)デカン、エチレングリコールジメタクリラート、ジエチレングリコールジメタクリラート、トリエチレングリコールジメタクリラート、テトラエチレングリコールジメタクリラート、プロピレングリコールジメタクリラート、ジプロピレングリコールジメタクリラート、ネオペンチルグリコールジメタクリラート、グリセロールジメタクリラート、N,N’-メチレンビスメタクリルアミド、N,N’-(1,2-ジヒドロキシエチレン)ビスメタクリルアミド、1,4-フェニレンジメタクリル酸ジエチル、ビスフェノールAジメタクリラート、シュウ酸ジビニル、マロン酸ジビニル、コハク酸ジビニル、グルタル酸ジビニル、アジピン酸ジビニル、ピメリン酸ジビニル、スベリン酸ジビニル、アゼライン酸ジビニル、セバシン酸ジビニル、フタル酸ジビニル、イソフタル酸ジビニル、マレイン酸ジビニル、テレフタル酸ジビニル、ジビニルベンゼン、1,5-ヘキサジエン-3,4-ジオール、ジアリルエーテル、ジアリルスルフィド、ジアリルジスルフィド、ジアリルアミン、シュウ酸ジアリル、マロン酸ジアリル、コハク酸ジアリル、グルタル酸ジアリル、アジピン酸ジアリル、ピメリン酸ジアリル、スベリン酸ジアリル、アゼライン酸ジアリル、セバシン酸ジアリル、フタル酸ジアリル、イソフタル酸ジアリル、マレイン酸ジアリル、テレフタル酸ジアリル、ジアリルジメチルシラン、ジアリルジフェニルシラン、1,3-ジアリルオキシ-2-プロパノール、イソシアヌル酸ジアリルプロピル、1,4-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸ジアリル、ビスフェノールAジアリルエーテル、N,N’-ジアリル酒石酸ジアミド、シアヌル酸トリス(2-アクリロイルオキシエチル)、イソシアヌル酸トリス(2-アクリロイルオキシエチル)、1,3,5-トリアクリロイルトリアジン、1,3,5-トリアクリロイルヘキサヒドロ-1,3,5-トリアジン、トリメチロールプロパントリアクリラート、没食子酸トリアクリラート、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリラート、ピロガロールトリアクリラート、シアヌル酸トリス(2-メタクリロイルオキシエチル)、イソシアヌル酸トリス(2-メタクリロイルオキシエチル)、1,3,5-トリメタクリロイルトリアジン、1,3,5-トリメタクリロイルヘキサヒドロ-1,3,5-トリアジン、トリメチロールプロパントリメタクリラート、没食子酸トリメタクリラート、ペンタエリスリトールトリメタクリラート、2,4,6-トリビニルボロキシン、2,4,6-トリメチル-2,4,6-トリビニルシクロトリシラザン、1,2,4-トリビニルシクロヘキサン、ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリラート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラメタクリラート、ピロガロールトリアクリラート、2,4,6,8-テトラメチル-2,4,6,8-テトラビニルシクロテトラシロキサン、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリラート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサメタクリラート、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、アリルトリメトキシシラン、アリルトリエトキシシラン、スチリルトリメトキシシラン、スチリルトリエトキシシラン、スチリルエチルトリメトキシシラン、スチリルエチルトリエトキシシラン、メタクリロキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、メタクリロキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、メタクリロキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、アクリロキシメチルトリメトキシシラン、アクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、(アクリロキシメチル)フェネチルトリメトキシシランである。
該共重合反応性比r1、r2および単量体M2のQ値およびe値(Q2およびe2)をT. AlfreyとC. C. Priceによって提出された数式(III)および数式(IV)に当てはめることにより、単量体M1のQ値(Q1)を導出することができる。
r2=(Q2/Q1)exp[-e2(e2-e1)]・・・(IV)
当該方法については文献1(M. Fineman他、ジャーナル・オブ・ポリマーサイエンス(Journal of Polymer Science)、Vol.5、p.269, ジョンワイリーアンドサンズ(John Wiley & Sons Inc)、1950年)や、文献2(改訂高分子合成の化学、p.111~116、大津隆行著、化学同人、1992年)を参照することで詳細に知ることができる。
(QXは化合物XのAlfrey-PriceのQ値を表す。)
化合物(C)がエチレン性不飽和基を有する化合物であり、加水分解性基がケイ素原子に直接結合した官能基を有さない場合、化合物(A)と化合物(C)がともに共役系モノマーであるか、ともに非共役系モノマーであると、Q値が近いために共重合しやすいことから、化合物(A)が有する加水分解性基の縮合による架橋点が適度に分散し、細孔の均一性が向上する効果が高い。
膜透過流束(m3/m2/day)=(1日の透過液量)/(膜面積) ・・(VI)
塩素浸漬後の性能保持率(%)=(塩素浸漬後の除去率)/(塩素浸漬前の除去率)×100・・・(VII)
(実施例1)
ポリエステル不織布上にポリスルホンの15.7重量%ジメチルホルムアミド溶液を200μmの厚みで、室温(25℃)でキャストし、ただちに純水中に浸漬して5分間放置することによって微多孔性支持膜を作製した。
実施例1で使用した3-アクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン46mMを3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(Q値=1.08)43mMに置き換えた以外は実施例1と同様にして複合半透膜を作製した。溶液中に含まれる化合物(A)、化合物(B)、化合物(C)およびその他の化合物は表2に示すとおりである。得られた複合半透膜を実施例1と同様にして評価を行い、表3に示す結果が得られた。
(実施例3)
実施例1で使用した3-アクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン46mMを3-アクリロキシメチルトリメトキシシラン(Q値=0.86)52mMに置き換えた以外は実施例1と同様にして複合半透膜を作製した。溶液中に含まれる化合物(A)、化合物(B)、化合物(C)およびその他の化合物は表2に示すとおりである。得られた複合半透膜を実施例1と同様にして評価を行い、表3に示す結果が得られた。
(実施例4)
実施例1で使用した3-アクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン46mMを1-アリル-3-(3-トリメトキシシリルプロピル)イミダゾリウムクロリド(Q値=0.28)53mMに、p-スチリルエチルトリメトキシシラン43mMを3-アクリロキシメチルトリメトキシシラン35mM、4-ビニルフェニルスルホン酸ナトリウム70mMを4-ビニルフェニルスルホン酸ナトリウム104mMに置き換え、さらにUV照射装置を、ハリソン東芝ライティング社製UV照射装置TOSCURE(登録商標)752から波長172nmの紫外線が照射できるウシオ電機社製エキシマランプ(UER20-172)に置き換え、照射距離を1cm、照射時間を10分間に変える以外は実施例1と同様にして複合半透膜を作製した。溶液中に含まれる化合物(A)、化合物(B)、化合物(C)およびその他の化合物は表2に示すとおりである。得られた複合半透膜を実施例1と同様にして評価を行い、表3に示す結果が得られた。
(実施例5)
実施例1で使用した4-ビニルフェニルスルホン酸ナトリウム70mMをビニル安息香酸(Q値=5.17)60mMに置き換え、さらに照射強度20mW/cm2を40mW/cm2に変え、照射時間を10分から5分に変える以外は実施例1と同様にして複合半透膜を作製した。溶液中に含まれる化合物(A)、化合物(B)、化合物(C)およびその他の化合物は表2に示すとおりである。得られた複合半透膜を実施例1と同様にして評価を行い、表3に示す結果が得られた。
(実施例6)
実施例1で使用した4-ビニルフェニルスルホン酸ナトリウム70mMをアクリル酸(Q値=0.83)99mMに置き換え、化合物(C)のp-スチリルエチルトリメトキシシラン42mMを3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン43mMに置き換え、さらに照射強度20mW/cm2を30mW/cm2に変え、照射時間を10分から5分に変える以外は実施例1と同様にして複合半透膜を作製した。溶液中に含まれる化合物(A)、化合物(B)、化合物(C)およびその他の化合物は表2に示すとおりである。得られた複合半透膜を実施例1と同様にして評価を行い、表3に示す結果が得られた。
(実施例7)
実施例1で使用した反応液中にテトラメトキシシラン10mMが共存する以外は実施例1と同様にして複合半透膜を作製した。溶液中に含まれる化合物(A)、化合物(B)、化合物(C)およびその他の化合物は表2に示すとおりである。得られた複合半透膜を実施例1と同様にして評価を行い、表3に示す結果が得られた。
(実施例8)
実施例1で使用した3-アクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン46mMを94mMに置き換え、4-ビニルフェニルスルホン酸ナトリウム70mMを66mMに置き換え、p-スチリルエチルトリメトキシシラン42mMを1,3,5-トリアクリロイルヘキサヒドロ-1,3,5-トリアジン20mMに変える以外は実施例1と同様にして複合半透膜を作製した。溶液中に含まれる化合物(A)、化合物(B)、化合物(C)およびその他の化合物は表2に示すとおりである。得られた複合半透膜を実施例1と同様にして評価を行い、表3に示す結果が得られた。
(比較例1)
実施例1と同じ微多孔性支持膜に、メタフェニレンジアミン3.0重量%、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム0.5重量%を含む水溶液を塗布し、70℃の熱風で1分間乾燥した。その後イソフタル酸クロライド0.4重量%、トリメシン酸クロライド0.1重量%を含むn-デカン溶液を塗布し、100℃の熱風で5分間処理した。その後さらにpH7に調整した100ppmの塩素水溶液に2分間浸漬した後、純水で洗浄した。その結果、ポリアミドからなる分離機能層が設けられた複合半透膜を得た。得られた複合半透膜を実施例1と同様にして評価を行い、表3に示す結果が得られた。
(比較例2)
実施例4における反応液中に、化合物(C)の3-アクリロキシメチルトリメトキシシランを含まず、化合物(A)の1-アリル-3-(3-トリメトキシシリルプロピル)イミダゾリウムクロリド濃度を47mMに変える以外は実施例4と同様にして複合半透膜を作製した。溶液中に含まれる化合物(A)、化合物(B)およびその他の化合物は表2に示すとおりである。得られた複合半透膜を実施例1と同様にして評価を行い、表3に示す結果が得られた。比較例3で得られた複合半透膜の初期性能は、実施例4で得られた複合半透膜に比べ著しく塩除去率が低かった。
(比較例3)
実施例1における反応液中に、化合物(C)のp-スチリルエチルトリメトキシシランを含まず、3-アクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン濃度を90mMに変える以外は実施例1と同様にして複合半透膜を作製した。溶液中に含まれる化合物(A)、化合物(B)およびその他の化合物は表2に示すとおりである。得られた複合半透膜を実施例1と同様にして評価を行い、表3に示す結果が得られた。比較例2で得られた複合半透膜の初期性能は、実施例1~3および8で得られた複合半透膜に比べ透水性が低かった。
(比較例4)
実施例5における反応液中に、化合物(C)のp-スチリルエチルトリメトキシシランを含まず、化合物(A)の3-アクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン濃度を90mMに変える以外は実施例5と同様にして複合半透膜を作製した。溶液中に含まれる化合物(A)、化合物(B)およびその他の化合物は表2に示すとおりである。得られた複合半透膜を実施例1と同様にして評価を行い、表3に示す結果が得られた。比較例4で得られた複合半透膜の初期性能は、実施例5で得られた複合半透膜に比べ塩除去率および透水性が低かった。
(比較例5)
実施例6における反応液中に3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシランを含まず、3-アクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン濃度を90mMに変える以外は実施例6と同様にして複合半透膜を作製した。溶液中に含まれる化合物(A)、化合物(B)およびその他の化合物は表2に示すとおりである。得られた複合半透膜を実施例1と同様にして評価を行い、表3に示す結果が得られた。比較例5で得られた複合半透膜の初期性能は、実施例6で得られた複合半透膜に比べ塩除去率が低かった。
(比較例6)
実施例7における反応液中にp-スチリルエチルトリメトキシシランを含まず、3-アクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン濃度を90mMに変える以外は実施例7と同様にして複合半透膜を作製した。溶液中に含まれる化合物(A)、化合物(B)およびその他の化合物は表2に示すとおりである。得られた複合半透膜を実施例1と同様にして評価を行い、表3に示す結果が得られた。比較例6で得られた複合半透膜の初期性能は、実施例7で得られた複合半透膜に比べ塩除去率および透水性が低かった。
Claims (8)
- 微多孔性支持膜上に分離機能層を形成してなり、該分離機能層が、エチレン性不飽和基を有する反応性基および加水分解性基がケイ素原子に直接結合した化合物(A)、前記化合物(A)以外のエチレン性不飽和基を有する化合物(B)および前記化合物(A)および(B)以外のエチレン性不飽和基を有する化合物(C)から、化合物(A)が有する加水分解性基の縮合、ならびに、化合物(A)、化合物(B)および化合物(C)が有するエチレン性不飽和基の重合により形成された複合半透膜であって、化合物(A)、化合物(B)および化合物(C)が単量体の共重合性の指標となるAlfrey-PriceのQ値に関する下記数式(I)の関係を満たす複合半透膜。
|QA-QC|+|QB-QC|=|QA-QB|・・・(I)
(QXは化合物XのAlfrey-PriceのQ値を表す。) - 化合物(B)が酸性基を有する請求項1に記載の複合半透膜。
- 化合物(C)がエチレン性不飽和基を有する化合物であり、化合物(A)と化合物(C)のいずれもが共役系モノマーであるか、またはいずれもが非共役系モノマーである請求項1または請求項2に記載の複合半透膜。
- 化合物(C)がエチレン性不飽和基および加水分解性基がケイ素原子に直接結合した化合物であり、化合物(B)と化合物(C)のいずれもが共役系モノマーであるか、またはいずれもが非共役系モノマーである請求項1または請求項2に記載の複合半透膜。
- 化合物(C)がケイ素原子を有し、該ケイ素原子に加水分解性基が直接結合している請求項1~4に記載の複合半透膜。
- 化合物(A)が下記化学式(i)で表されるものである請求項1~5に記載の複合半透膜。
Si(R1)m(R2)n(R3)4-m-n・・・(i)
(R1はエチレン性不飽和基を含む反応性基を示す。R2はアルコキシ基、アルケニルオキシ基、カルボキシ基、ケトオキシム基、ハロゲン原子またはイソシアネート基のいずれかを表す。R3は水素原子またはアルキル基を表す。m、nはm+n≦4を満たす整数であり、m≧1、n≧1を満たすものとする。R1、R2、R3それぞれにおいて2以上の官能基がケイ素原子に結合している場合、同一であっても異なっていてもよい。) - 化合物(C)が下記化学式(ii)で表されるものである請求項1~6に記載の複合半透膜。
Si(R1)m(R2)n(R3)4-m-n・・・(ii)
(R1はエチレン性不飽和基を含む反応性基を示す。R2はアルコキシ基、アルケニルオキシ基、カルボキシ基、ケトオキシム基、ハロゲン原子またはイソシアネート基のいずれかを表す。R3は水素原子またはアルキル基を表す。m、nはm+n≦4を満たす整数であり、m≧1、n≧1を満たすものとする。R1、R2、R3それぞれにおいて2以上の官能基がケイ素原子に結合している場合、同一であっても異なっていてもよい。) - 微多孔性支持膜上に、エチレン性不飽和基を有する反応性基および加水分解性基がケイ素原子に直接結合した化合物(A)、前記化合物(A)以外のエチレン性不飽和基を有する化合物(B)、および前記化合物(A)および(B)以外のエチレン性不飽和基を有する化合物(C)を塗布し、化合物(A)が有する加水分解性基の縮合、ならびに、化合物(A)、化合物(B)および化合物(C)が有するエチレン性不飽和基を重合させることにより分離機能層を形成させる複合半透膜の製造方法であって、化合物(A)、化合物(B)および化合物(C)が下記数式(I)の関係を満たす複合半透膜の製造方法。
|QA-QC|+|QB-QC|=|QA-QB|・・・(I)
(QXは化合物XのAlfrey-PriceのQ値を表す。)
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EP11846467.6A EP2650044A4 (en) | 2010-12-07 | 2011-12-05 | COMPOSITE SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
JP2012509402A JP6051863B2 (ja) | 2010-12-07 | 2011-12-05 | 複合半透膜およびその製造方法 |
CN201180058679.4A CN103249473B (zh) | 2010-12-07 | 2011-12-05 | 复合半透膜及其制造方法 |
US13/882,910 US20130313186A1 (en) | 2010-12-07 | 2011-12-05 | Composite semipermeable membrane and process for producing the same |
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Cited By (4)
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WO2014002613A1 (ja) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-03 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜およびその製造方法 |
JP2015066494A (ja) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-13 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜およびその製造方法 |
JP2015212360A (ja) * | 2014-04-17 | 2015-11-26 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 樹脂組成物およびその製造方法並びに半導体装置 |
WO2016084958A1 (ja) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-02 | 東レ株式会社 | 積層半透膜 |
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EP2554249B1 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2016-02-10 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Composite semipermeable membrane |
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- 2011-12-05 WO PCT/JP2011/078037 patent/WO2012077619A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-12-05 JP JP2012509402A patent/JP6051863B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-05 US US13/882,910 patent/US20130313186A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-12-05 KR KR1020137012191A patent/KR101923014B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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JPH07155571A (ja) * | 1993-11-30 | 1995-06-20 | Toray Ind Inc | 有機蒸気分離膜 |
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WO2016084958A1 (ja) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-02 | 東レ株式会社 | 積層半透膜 |
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JPWO2012077619A1 (ja) | 2014-05-19 |
JP6051863B2 (ja) | 2016-12-27 |
EP2650044A4 (en) | 2015-09-16 |
CN103249473A (zh) | 2013-08-14 |
US20130313186A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
EP2650044A1 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
KR101923014B1 (ko) | 2018-11-28 |
CN103249473B (zh) | 2016-01-13 |
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