WO2012069283A1 - Dint in geschäumten pvc-pasten - Google Patents
Dint in geschäumten pvc-pasten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012069283A1 WO2012069283A1 PCT/EP2011/069039 EP2011069039W WO2012069283A1 WO 2012069283 A1 WO2012069283 A1 WO 2012069283A1 EP 2011069039 W EP2011069039 W EP 2011069039W WO 2012069283 A1 WO2012069283 A1 WO 2012069283A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plastisols
- foamable composition
- plastisol
- foam
- viscosity
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- -1 isononyl groups Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- PEIIRIVDOVFUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(7-methyloctyl) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCCCCCC(C)C)C=C1 PEIIRIVDOVFUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004999 plastisol Substances 0.000 description 209
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- BBVARVTURNYWGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methyloctyl benzoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BBVARVTURNYWGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 6
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- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012667 polymer degradation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QMRNDFMLWNAFQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;prop-2-enoic acid;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.OC(=O)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 QMRNDFMLWNAFQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
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- DUIOPKIIICUYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N semicarbazide Chemical compound NNC(N)=O DUIOPKIIICUYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011145 styrene acrylonitrile resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940087291 tridecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08L27/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0023—Use of organic additives containing oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/12—Esters; Ether-esters of cyclic polycarboxylic acids
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/50—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by form
- D21H21/56—Foam
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/002—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings made of webs, e.g. of fabrics, or wallpaper, used as coverings or linings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08J2327/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08J2327/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2331/00—Characterised by the use of copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, or carbonic acid, or of a haloformic acid
- C08J2331/02—Characterised by the use of omopolymers or copolymers of esters of monocarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2333/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08J2333/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2333/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08J2333/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/014—Additives containing two or more different additives of the same subgroup in C08K
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/66—Coatings characterised by a special visual effect, e.g. patterned, textured
- D21H19/70—Coatings characterised by a special visual effect, e.g. patterned, textured with internal voids, e.g. bubble coatings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/16—Flooring, e.g. parquet on flexible web, laid as flexible webs; Webs specially adapted for use as flooring; Parquet on flexible web
Definitions
- the invention relates to a foamable composition
- a foamable composition comprising at least one polymer, in particular selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, Polyvinylidenchlohd, polyvinyl butyrate, polyalkyl methacrylate and copolymers thereof, a foaming agent and / or foam stabilizer and terephthaloyl disulfonate as plasticizer.
- Polyvinyl chloride is one of the most economically important polymers and is used both as rigid PVC as well as soft PVC in a variety of applications. Important applications include cable sheathing, floor coverings, wallpapers and frames for plastic windows.
- plasticizers are added to the PVC.
- These conventional plasticizers include, for example, phthalic acid esters such as di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP).
- Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid esters such as, for example, diisononylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid esters (DINCH), have recently become known as further plasticizers.
- fast gelators include, for example, benzoic beisononyl ester.
- the fast gels have the disadvantage of leading to a large increase in viscosity (in the case of plastisols) over time due to their high solvation power (even when stored at room temperature), so that in turn viscosity-reducing agents must be added to compensate for this effect.
- Plasticizers which both significantly lower the gelation temperatures of a formulation and also keep the viscosity of the plastisol at a low level even after storage for several days, have hitherto hardly been known.
- EP 1 505 104 describes a foamable composition which contains isononyl benzoate as plasticizer.
- the use of benzoic acid isonon esters as plasticizers has the considerable disadvantage that isononyl benzoates are very volatile, and therefore escape from the polymer during processing as well as with increasing storage and use time. This has in particular re in applications, for example, indoors significant disadvantages. Therefore, in the prior art, the isononyl benzoates are frequently used as plasticizer admixtures with customary other plasticizers, for example phthalic acid esters.
- the isononyl benzoate is also used as a fast gellant, the term fast gelling agent being used for plasticizers which allow for a comparatively faster (for example to diisononyl terephthalate) faster gelation and / or gelation at lower temperatures.
- EP 1 808 457 A1 describes the use of dialkyl terephthalates, which are characterized in that the alkyl radicals have a longest carbon chain of at least four carbon atoms and have a total number of carbon atoms per alkyl radical of five. It is stated that terephthalic acid esters having four to five C atoms in the longest carbon chain of the alcohol are well suited as PVC fast-curing plasticizers. It is stated that this was particularly surprising because prior art such terephthalic acid esters were considered incompatible with PVC.
- terephthalic acid dialkyl esters can also be used in chemically or mechanically foamed layers or in compact layers or primers.
- WO 2009/095126 A1 describes mixtures of diisononyl esters of terephthalic acid and processes for their preparation. These diisononyl terephthalate mixtures are characterized by a certain average degree of branching of the isononyl radicals, which ranges from 1.0 to 2.2. The compounds are used as plasticizers for PVC.
- the technical object of the invention is therefore to provide foamable compositions which have less volatile plasticizers and allow faster processing at lower temperatures.
- a foamable composition comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl butyrate, polyalkyl methacrylate and copolymers thereof, a foaming agent and / or foam stabilizer and diisononyl terephthalate as plasticizer, wherein the average degree of branching of the isononyl groups of the ester in the range of 1, 15 to 2.5, preferably in the range of 1, 15 to 2.2, more preferably in the range of 1, 15 to 1, 95, particularly preferably in the range of 1, 25 to 1, 85 and all more preferably in the range of 1.25 to 1.45.
- a foamable composition comprising a diisononyl terephthalate ester with the corresponding average degree of branching as a plasticizer enables faster processing in the preparation of foamed polymer compositions of polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride. It has been found that, in comparison with plasticizers of the prior art with the claimed plasticizers, with increasing paste viscosity, as a result of increasing branching, a higher foam height is nevertheless achieved. This has the consequence that the corresponding pastes can be processed faster, as they already show higher foam heights in a shorter time and / or a total processing at lower temperatures is possible. This increases the efficiency of the process in terms of space / time yield and energy efficiency.
- a faster processing is important in that it can be done by a cheaper and more efficient production of the products.
- plastisol processing e.g. As in the production of wall-mounted wallpaper, floor coverings and artificial leather, the corresponding machines when brushing the masses run much faster, and thus the productivity can be increased.
- the additional use of viscosity-reducing substances in the use of the diisononyl terephthalate according to the invention is not required, or only to a small extent.
- foamable compositions can be processed at lower temperatures, and therefore also have a much lower yellowness value (caused by thermal degradation), at the same time a by the blowing agent (in particular azodicarbonamide) or its incomplete decomposition yellowness of the foamed composition is lower compared to prior art softeners.
- the diisononyl terephthalates according to the invention are significantly less volatile than isononyl benzoates which are used in the prior art in foamable compositions.
- the use for indoor applications is facilitated since the plasticizers according to the invention are less volatile and escape less from the plastic.
- the determination of the average degree of branching of the isononyl groups of the diisononyl terephthalonyl ester is described below.
- the average degree of branching of the isononyl radicals in the terephthalic acid diester mixture can be determined by 1 H-NMR or 13 C-NMR methods. According to the present invention, the average degree of branching is preferably determined by means of 1 H-NMR spectroscopy in a solution of the diisononyl esters in deuterochloroform (CDCl 3). To record the spectra, 20 mg of substance are dissolved in 0.6 ml of CDCl 3 (containing 1% by mass of TMS) and filled into a 5 mm diameter NMR tube. Both the substance to be investigated and the CDCI3 used can first be dried over a molecular sieve in order to exclude any falsification of the measured values due to any water present.
- the method of determining the average degree of branching is compared with other methods of characterization of alcohol residues, as described, for. As described in WO 03/029339 are advantageous since impurities with water have essentially no effect on the measurement results and their evaluation.
- the NMR spectroscopic investigations can in principle be carried out with any commercially available NMR instrument.
- an apparatus of the type Avance 500 from Bruker was used.
- the spectrum at a temperature of 300 K with a delay of d1 5 seconds, 32 scans, a pulse length of 9.7 seconds and a sweep width of 10000 Hz with a 5 mm BBO.
- Sampling head (broad band obser- ver, broadband observation).
- TMS tetramethylsilane
- Other commercially available NMR devices give comparable results with the same operating parameters.
- the obtained 1 H-NMR spectra of the mixtures of diisononyl esters of terephthalic acid have in the range of 0.5 ppm to the lowest of the lowest in the range of 0.9 to 1, 1 ppm of resonance signals, which are essentially by the signals the hydrogen atoms of the methyl group (s) of the isononyl groups are formed.
- the signals in the range of chemical shifts from 3.6 to 4.4 ppm can essentially be assigned to the hydrogen atoms of the methylene group which is adjacent to the oxygen of the alcohol or of the alcohol residue.
- the quantification is done by determining the area under the respective resonance signals, ie the area enclosed by the signal from the baseline.
- NMR devices have devices for integrating the signal surface.
- the integration was performed using the software "xwinnmr", version 3.5. Then, the integral value of the signals in the range of 0.5 to the minimum of the lowest trough in the range of 0.9 to 1, 1 ppm is divided by the integral value of the signals in the range of 3.6 to 4.4 ppm and so obtained an intensity ratio indicating the ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms present in a methyl group to the number of hydrogen atoms present in a methylene group adjacent to an oxygen.
- the intensities must be divided by 3 and 2, respectively, in order to obtain the ratio of the number of methyl groups to the number of methyl groups adjacent to an oxygen in the isononyl group.
- a linear primary nonanol which only has a methyl group and an oxygen adjacent methylene group, contains no branching and therefore must have an average degree of branching of 0, must be subtracted from the ratio nor the amount of one.
- the average degree of branching V can thus according to the formula
- V 2/3 * l (CH 3 ) / l (OCH 2 ) -1 can be calculated from the measured intensity ratio.
- V branching degree
- l (CH 3 ) area integral, which is substantially assigned to the methyl hydrogen atoms
- l (OCH 2 ) area integral of the methylene hydrogen atoms adjacent to the oxygen.
- compositions according to the invention may comprise polymers selected from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyacrylates, in particular polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyalkyl methacrylate (PAMA), fluoropolymers, in particular polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl acetate (PVAc, Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl acetals, in particular polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polystyrene polymers, in particular polystyrene (PS), expandable polystyrene (EPS), acrylonitrile-styrene acrylate (ASA), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS ), Styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA), styrene-methacrylic acid
- compositions according to the invention preferably include PVC or homo- or copolymers based on ethylene, propylene, butadiene, vinyl acetate, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, methacrylates, acrylates, acrylates or methacrylates with branched or unbranched alcohols attached to the oxygen atom of the ester group one to ten carbon atoms, styrene, acrylonitrile or cyclic olefins.
- At least one polymer contained in the foamable composition is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl butyrate, polyalkyl methacrylate, and copolymers thereof.
- At least one polymer contained in the foamable composition is a polyvinyl chloride (homo- or copolymer).
- the polymer may be a copolymer of vinyl chloride with one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl benzoate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate or butyl acrylate.
- the amount of diisononyl terephthalate in the foamable composition is 5 to 120 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably 15 to 90 parts by mass, and most preferably 20 to 80 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of polymer.
- the foamable composition may optionally contain further additional plasticizers, except for diisononyl terephthalate, wherein the solvating and / or gelling ability of the additional plasticizers may be higher, equal or lower than that of the diisononyl terephthalate esters of the present invention.
- the mass ratio of the additional plasticizer used to the used are in particular between 1:10 and 10: 1, preferably between 1:10 and 8: 1, more preferably between 1:10 and 5: 1 and particularly preferably between 1:10 and 1: 1.
- the additional plasticizers are esters of orthophthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, trimellitic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, isononanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, octanoic acid, 3,5,5 Trimethylhexanoic acid and / or esters of butanol, pentanol, octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, isononanol, decanol, dodecanol, tri-decanol, glycerol and / or isosorbide and their derivatives and mixtures.
- the foamable composition according to the invention contains a foaming agent.
- This foaming agent can be a gas-bubble-forming compound, which is optionally used together with a so-called “kicker.”
- kickers are catalysts which catalyze the thermal decomposition of the gas bubble-developing component and cause the foaming agent to react with evolution of gas and
- the foamable composition can be foamed chemically (ie by blowing agent) or mechanically (ie by incorporation of gases, preferably air) A compound which decomposes under the influence of heat into gaseous constituents, and thus causes a swelling of the composition
- the blowing agents for foaming suitable for the preparation of the polymer foams according to the invention include all types of known blowing agents, physical agents chemical and / or chemical blowing agents including inorganic blowing agents and organic blowing agents. Examples of chemical blowing agents are azodicarbonamide, azodiisobutyronitrile, benzenesulfonyl hydrazide, 4,4-
- Oxybis (benzenesulfonylhydrazide), diphenylsulfone-3,3-disulfonylhydrazide, p-
- N N-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, dinitrosotrimethyltriamine, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, mixtures of sodium bicarbonate and citric acid, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, diazoaminobenzene, diazoaminotoluene, Hydrazodicarbonamide, diazoisobutyronitrile, barium azodicarboxylate and 5-hydroxytetrazole.
- At least one of the blowing agents used is particularly preferably azodicarbonamide, which liberates gaseous components such as N 2 , CO 2 and CO on reaction.
- the decomposition temperature of the propellant can be reduced by the kicker.
- the foamable compositions according to the invention may be, for example, plastisols.
- the foamable composition comprises a suspension, bulk, microsuspension or emulsion PVC.
- At least one of the PVC polymers contained in the composition according to the invention is particularly preferably a microsuspended PVC or an emulsion PVC.
- the foamable composition according to the invention comprises an emulsion PVC having a molecular weight expressed as K value (Fikent's constant) of 60 to 90 and particularly preferably 65 to 85.
- the foamable composition may furthermore preferably contain additives which are selected, in particular, from the group consisting of fillers / reinforcing agents, pigments, matting agents, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, costabilizers, solvents, viscosity regulators, foam stabilizers, flame retardants, adhesion promoters and processing agents. or processing aids (such as lubricants).
- additives which are selected, in particular, from the group consisting of fillers / reinforcing agents, pigments, matting agents, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, costabilizers, solvents, viscosity regulators, foam stabilizers, flame retardants, adhesion promoters and processing agents. or processing aids (such as lubricants).
- the thermal stabilizers neutralize u.a. hydrochloric acid split off during and / or after the processing of the PVC and prevent or retard thermal degradation of the polymer.
- Suitable thermal stabilizers are all customary polymer stabilizers, in particular all customary PVC stabilizers in solid and liquid form, for example based on Ca / Zn, Ba / Zn, Pb, Sn or organic compounds (OBS), as well as acid-binding phyllosilicates such as hydrotalcite.
- the mixtures according to the invention may have a content of from 0.5 to 10, preferably from 1 to 5, particularly preferably from 1.5 to 4, parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of polymer of heat stabilizer.
- co-stabilizers with softening action, in particular epoxidized vegetable oils.
- epoxidized vegetable oils very particular preference is given to using epoxidized linseed oil or epoxidized soybean oil.
- the antioxidants are substances which specifically inhibit the radical polymer degradation caused, for example, by energetic radiation, for example by forming stable complexes with the resulting radicals.
- sterically hindered amines so-called.
- HALS stabilizers -, sterically hindered phenols, phosphites, UV absorbers such.
- Suitable antioxidants for use in the compositions of the invention are e.g. B. also in the "Handbook of Vinyl Formulating" (Editor: RFGrossman, J. Wiley &Sons; New Jersey (US) 2008).
- the content of antioxidants in the novel stall foamable mixtures is in particular at most 10 parts by mass, preferably at most 8 parts by mass, more preferably at most 6 parts by mass and particularly preferably between 0.5 and 5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of polymer.
- pigments both inorganic and organic pigments can be used in the context of the present invention.
- the content of pigments is in particular from 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, preferably from 0.05 to 8 parts by mass, more preferably from 0.1 to 5 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of polymer.
- Beispie- le of inorganic pigments are ⁇ 2, CdS, C0O / AI2O3, Cr 2 03.
- Known organic pigments are for example azo dyes, phthalocyanine pigments, dioxazine pigments, carbon black ( "Carbon black”), and aniline pigments. Also effect pigments z. B.
- Viscosity regulators may cause either a decrease in the viscosity of the paste or plastisol (viscosity-reducing reagents or additives) as well as the (curves) course of the viscosity as a function of the shear rate
- viscosity-reducing reagents it is possible to use aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, but also carboxylic acid derivatives, such as the 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate known as TXIB (Eastman), or else mixtures of carboxylic acid esters, wetting agents and dispersants, as described, for example, under the product / trade names, Byk, Viskobyk and Disperplast (Byk Chemistry) are used.
- Viscosity reducing reagents are added in proportions of 0.5 to 50, preferably 1 to 30, more preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of polymer.
- fillers mineral and / or synthetic and / or natural, organic and / or inorganic materials, such as.
- organic and / or inorganic materials such as.
- fillers and reinforcing agents for PVC formulations are also described, for example, in the "Handbook of Vinyl Formulating" (Ed .: RFGrossman, J.Wiley &Sons; New Jersey (US) 2008).
- Fillers are used in the compositions according to the invention in particular with a maximum of 150 parts by weight, preferably not more than 120, more preferably not more than 100 and especially preferably not more than 80 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer.
- the proportion of the total fillers used in the formulation according to the invention is at most 90 parts by mass, preferably at most 80, more preferably at most 70 and especially preferably between 1 and 60 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of polymer.
- foam stabilizers may be present in the composition according to the invention as foam stabilizers, as are mentioned, for example, in DE 10026234 C1.
- the preferred foam stabilizers contain surface-active substances such as, for example, alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal salts of aromatic sulfonic acids such as, for example, the alkylbenzenesulfonic acids and also other aromatic compounds.
- Foam stabilizers may also be based on silicone compounds and / or contain surfactants. Soap / surfactant-based stabilizers contain, for example, calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonates as the active component.
- Silicone-based or soap-based foam stabilizers are available, for example, under the trade names Byk 8020 and Byk 8070 (Byk Chemie).
- the foam stabilizers are used in amounts of 1 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 8 and more preferably 2 to 4 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of polymer.
- Another subject of the patent is the use of the foamable composition for floor coverings, wallpaper or artificial leather.
- Another object of the invention is a floor covering containing the foamable composition of the invention, a wall-mounted wallpaper containing the foamable composition of the invention or synthetic leather containing the foamable composition of the invention.
- the diisononyl terephthalate esters having an average degree of branching of 1.15 to 2.5 are prepared as described in WO 2009/095126 A1. This is preferably carried out by transesterification of terephthalic acid esters with alkyl radicals having less than eight C atoms, with a mixture of isomeric primary nonanols. The preparation is particularly preferably carried out by transesterification of terephthalic acid dimethyl ester with a mixture of isomeric primary nonanols. Alternatively, the diisononyl terephthalate may also be prepared by esterification of terephthalic acid with a mixture of primary nonanols having the corresponding branching levels noted above.
- nonanol mixtures from Evonik Oxeno which have an average degree of branching from 1.1 to 1.4, in particular 1.2 to 1.3, 35
- nonanol mixtures from Exxon Mobil available on the market, for example
- Exxal 9 which have a degree of branching of up to 2.4.
- mixtures of low-branched nonanols, in particular of nonanol mixtures with a degree of branching of not more than 1, 5, and / or Nonanolgemsichen with marketable highly branched nonanols such as 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol is also possible in particular.
- the latter procedure allows the average degree of branching to be set within the given limits.
- the terephthalic acid mononyl esters used according to the invention are characterized as follows in terms of their thermal properties (determined by differential scanning calorimetry / DSC): 1. In the first heating curve (start temperature: -100 ° C, end temperature:
- At least one of the glass transition points detected in the abovementioned DSC measurement is below a temperature of -70.degree. C., preferably below -72.degree. C., more preferably below -75.degree. C. and particularly preferably below -77.degree C.
- at least one of the glass transition points detected in the abovementioned DSC measurement is below a temperature of -75.degree. C., preferably below -77.degree preferably below -80 ° C, and more preferably below -82 ° C.
- the glass transition temperature and the enthalpy of melting can be adjusted by the choice of the alcohol component used for the esterification or the alcohol mixture used for the esterification.
- the shear viscosity of the terephthalic acid esters used according to the invention at 20 ° C. is not more than 142 mPa * s, preferably not more than 140 mPa * s, more preferably not more than 138 mPa * s and particularly preferably not more than 136 mPa * s.
- the shear viscosity of the terephthalic acid used according to the invention is at 20 ° C at a maximum of 120 mPa * s, preferably at most 1 10 mPa * s, more preferably at a maximum of 105 mPa * s and particularly preferably at a maximum of 100 mPa * s.
- the shear viscosity of the terephthalic acid esters according to the invention can be adjusted in a targeted manner by the use of isomeric nonyl alcohols of specific (average) branching for their preparation.
- the mass loss of the terephthalic acid esters used according to the invention after 10 minutes at 200 ° C. is not more than 4% by mass, preferably not more than 3.5% by mass, more preferably not more than 3% by mass and particularly preferably not more than 2.9% by mass.
- the mass loss of the terephthalic acid esters used according to the invention after 10 minutes at 200 ° C. is at most 3% by mass, preferably at most 2.8% by mass, particularly preferably at most 2 , 6 mass% and especially preferably at most 2.5 mass%.
- the mass loss can be specifically influenced and / or adjusted by the selection of the formulation constituents, in particular by the selection of diisononyl terephthalate esters with a certain degree of branching.
- the (liquid) density of the terephthalic acid esters used according to the invention is at least 0.9685 g / cm 3 (with a purity of ot. GC analysis of at least 99.7 area% and a temperature of 20 ° C.). preferably at least 0.9690 g / cm 3 , more preferably at least 0.9695 g / cm 3 and especially preferably at least 0.9700 g / cm 3 .
- the (liquid) density of the terephthalic acid esters used in accordance with the invention (at a purity of 1.0 g.
- GC analysis of at least 99.7 area% and a temperature of 20 ° C. is at least 0.9700 g / cm 3 , preferably at least 0.9710 g / cm 3 , more preferably at least 0.9720 g / cm 3 and especially preferably at least 0.9730 g / cm 3 .
- the density of the terephthalic acid esters according to the invention can be adjusted in a targeted manner by the use of isomeric nonyl alcohols of specific (average) branching for their preparation.
- the preparation of the foamable composition according to the invention can be carried out in various ways. In general, however, the composition is prepared by intensive mixing of all components in a suitable mixing container. In this case, the components are preferably added successively (see also "Handbook of Vinyl Formulating" (Editor: RF Grorossman, J. Wiley & Sons, New Jersey (US) 2008).
- the foamable composition of the invention can be used for the production of foamed moldings.
- the foamable compositions according to the invention particularly preferably comprise at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride or copolymers thereof.
- foamed products are imitation leather, floor or wall-mounted wallpaper, particularly preferred is the use of the foamed products in cushion vinyl floors (“CV floors”) and wallpaper.
- the foamed products of the foamable composition according to the invention are in particular prepared by first applying the foamable composition to a support or another polymer layer and foaming the composition before, during or after application, and / or or foamed composition is finally processed thermally (ie under the action of thermal energy, eg by heating / heating).
- the foaming can be done mechanically, physically or chemically.
- Mechanical foaming of a composition or a plastisol is understood as meaning that air (or other gaseous substances) is introduced into the plastisol before application to the carrier, for example with sufficient vigorous stirring (so-called "impact foaming"), which causes foaming leads to the stabilization of the resulting Foam is usually a stabilizer necessary.
- the foam stabilizers used primarily determine cell structure, color and water absorption capacity of the finished foam. The choice of the type of stabilizer depends inter alia on the plasticizers to be used.
- glycol dibenzoates are understood essentially to mean diethylene glycol dibenzoate (DEGDB), triethylene glycol dibenzoate (TEGDB) and dipropylene glycol dibenzoate (DPGDB) or mixtures thereof.
- the foamable compounds according to the invention can also be foamed physically with the aid of propellant gases, which, together with the plastisol according to the invention, are then mixed under pressure in a suitable technical apparatus and subsequently expanded under reduced pressure.
- propellant gases both inorganic and organic substances can be used. Suitable inorganic blowing agents include carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, water, air, oxygen and helium.
- Organic propellants include aliphatic hydrocarbons having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and fully or partially halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Aliphatic hydrocarbons include methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, hexane, isohexane, heptane, octane, methylpentane, dimethylpentane, butene, pentene, 4-methylpentene, hexene, heptene, 2 , 2-dimethylbutane and petroleum ether.
- Aliphatic alcohols include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and isopropanol.
- Fully and partially halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons include chlorohydrocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, and chlorofluorocarbons.
- Chlorohydrocarbons for use in this invention include methyl chloride, methylene chloride, ethyl chloride, ethylene dichloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride.
- Fluorocarbons for use in this invention include methyl fluoride, methylene fluoride, ethyl fluoride, 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a ), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-1 34), pentafluoroethane, 2,2-difluoropropane, 1,1,1-trifluoropropane and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane.
- Partially hydrogenated chlorofluorohydrocarbons for use in this invention include chlorofluoromethane, chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22), 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b), 1 , 1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123), 1, 2-dichloro-1, 2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a) and 1-chloro-1, 2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124).
- Fully halogenated hydrocarbons may also be used, but are not preferred for environmental reasons: fluorotrichloromethane (CFC-1 1), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), 1, 1, 2-trichloro-1, 2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC -1 1 3), 1, 2-dichloro-1, 1, 2,2-tetrafluoroethane (CFC-1 14), chloro-1, 1, 2,2,2-pentafluoroethane (CFC-1 15), trichlorofluoro- methane.
- foam stabilizers and / or further auxiliaries for influencing the foam structure are also used in physical foaming using propellant gases.
- the composition according to the invention contains a blowing agent which, under the influence of heat, decomposes completely or predominantly into gaseous constituents which cause the composition to expand.
- the decomposition temperature of the blowing agent can be significantly reduced by adding catalysts. These catalysts are known to the person skilled in the art as “kickers" and can either be added separately or preferably as a system together with the heat stabilizer.
- the composition according to the invention preferably contains at least one calcium, zinc or barium compound.
- the use of a foam stabilizer can optionally be dispensed with in the case of chemical foaming, in contrast to the mechanical foam.
- the foam in contrast to the mechanical foam, in the case of chemical foams, the foam is not formed until the (thermal) processing, generally in a heated gelation channel, wherein initially the unfoamed composition is applied to the carrier, preferably by brushing.
- a profiling of the foam can be achieved by selective application of inhibitor solutions, for example via a rotary screen press. At the sites where the inhibitor solution was applied, expansion of the plastisol during processing is either not at all, or delayed.
- chemical foaming is used to a much greater extent than mechanical ones.
- the carriers can also be only temporary carriers, from which the foams produced can be removed again as foam layers.
- Such carriers may e.g. Metal tapes or release paper (duplex paper).
- the final thermal processing takes place in both cases in a so-called gelation channel, usually a furnace, which is passed through by the applied on the support layer of the composition according to the invention, or in which the provided with the layer carrier is briefly introduced.
- the final one Thermal processing serves to solidify (gel) the foamed layer.
- the gelation channel can be combined with a device which serves to generate the foam. So it is z.
- Typical processing temperatures are in the range of 130 to 280 ° C, preferably in the range of 150 to 250 ° C.
- the gelation is preferably carried out so that the foamed composition is treated at the stated gelling temperatures for a period of 0.2 to 5 minutes, preferably for a period of 0.5 to 3 minutes.
- the duration of the temperature treatment can be adjusted in continuously operating method by the length of the gelling channel and the speed at which passes through the foam having the carrier through this.
- Typical foaming temperatures are in the range of 160 to 240 ° C, preferably 170 to 220 ° C and most preferably between 180 and 215 ° C.
- the individual layers are usually first fixed in their form by a so-called pre-gelation of the applied plastisol at a temperature which is below the decomposition temperature of the propellant, after which further layers (for example a cover layer) can be applied.
- a cover layer When all layers have been applied, gelation is carried out at a higher temperature - and, in the case of chemical foaming, also foaming. By this procedure, the desired profile can also be transferred to the cover layer.
- the foamable compositions of the present invention have the advantage over the prior art that they can be processed faster at lower temperatures, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of the PVC foam manufacturing process.
- the plasticizers used in the PVC foam are less volatile and thus the PVC foam is particularly suitable for interior applications in particular.
- Carrier gas Helium Injection volume: 3 microliters Detector temperature: 350 ° C
- Fuel gas Hydrogen
- the color number of the esters produced was determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6271 -2.
- the determination of the density of the esters produced takes place at 20 ° C. by means of bending oscillators in accordance with DIN 51757 method 4.
- the acid number of the esters produced was determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 21 14.
- the temperature of the ester and the measuring system were first brought to a temperature of 20 ° C. Subsequently, the following points were controlled by the software "Rheoplus”: 1 .
- a frequency down ramp, starting at 500 s " 1 and ending at 10 s "1 divided into a logarithmic series with 20 steps, each with a measuring point duration of 5 s (verification of Newton's behavior).
- the melting enthalpy and the glass transition temperature are determined by differential calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN 51007 (temperature range from -100 ° C. to + 200 ° C.) from the first heating curve at a heating rate of 10 K / min. Before the measurement The samples were cooled to - 100 ° C in the measuring instrument used and then heated at the specified heating rate. The measurement was carried out using nitrogen as a shielding gas. The inflection point of the heat flow curve is evaluated as the glass transition temperature. The determination of the enthalpy of melting takes place by integration of the peak area (s) by means of device software.
- the viscosity of the PVC plastisols was measured using a Physica MCR 101 (Anton Paar) using the rotation mode and the measuring system "Z3" (DIN 25 mm).
- the plastisol was first manually homogenized in the batch tank with a spatula, then filled into the measuring system and measured isothermally at 25 ° C. During the measurement, the following points were controlled:
- a frequency ramp down starting at 200 s "1 and ending at 0, 1 s " 1 , divided into a logarithmic series with 30 steps each with a measuring point duration of 5 seconds.
- the measurements were usually carried out (if not stated otherwise) after 24 hours storage / maturation of the plastisols. Before the measurements, the plastisols were stored at 25 ° C.
- Heating / cooling rate 5 K / min
- Oscillation frequency 4 - 0, 1 Hz ramp (logarithmic)
- the temperatures at which a complex viscosity of 1000 Pa * s or 10,000 Pa * s was reached were determined by interpolation for each plastisol.
- the tangent method was used in the present Experimental setup determined maximum plastisol viscosity, and by precipitating a solder, the temperature at which the maximum plastisol viscosity occurs.
- the foaming behavior was determined with the aid of a caliper knife suitable for soft PVC measurements (KXL047, Mitutoyo) with an accuracy of 0.01 mm.
- a doctor blade gap of 1 mm was set on the doctor blade of a Mathis Labcoaters (type: LTE-TS, manufacturer: W. Mathis AG). This was checked with a feeler gauge and readjusted if necessary.
- the plastisols were knife-coated onto a release paper clamped in a frame (Warran Release Paper, Sappi Ltd.) using the doctor blade of Mathis Labcoater.
- the yellow value (index YD 1925) is a measure of yellow discoloration of a specimen.
- the color measurement of the foam films was carried out with a Spectro Guide from the Byk-Gardner company. As background for the dyeing measurements, a (commercially available) white reference tile was used. The following parameters have been set:
- the measurements themselves were made at 3 different locations of the samples (for effect and smooth foams at a plastisol squeegee thickness of 200pm). The values from the 3 measurements were averaged.
- n-nonanol (Sigma Aldrich Co.) was esterified with terephthalic acid instead of isononanol, and worked up as described above. Upon cooling to room temperature, the product which, according to GC, has an ester content (purity) of> 99.8%.
- the difference between the isononyl benzoate (INB) described in the prior art for the preparation of polymer foams and the terephthalic diisononyl esters used in accordance with the invention becomes clear above all from the drastic difference in volatility (loss in mass after 10 minutes at 200 ° C.).
- a value which is 20 times higher is found for the isononyl benzoate.
- This high volatility means that INB can not be used in many indoor applications or only to a limited extent.
- the unbranched terephthalate is obtained.
- Esters which show no melting signals when measured in the DSC and show a glass transition far below room temperature are best evaluated for their processability, since they are stored in unheated outer tanks worldwide at any time of the year, and without problems Pumps can be promoted.
- esters which show both a glass transition and one or more melt signals in the DSC thermogram ie which show a partially crystalline behavior
- no workability under European winter conditions ie temperature up to -20 ° C
- melting points depends primarily on the degree of branching of the ester groups. If it is below 2.5 but above 1, esters are obtained which have no melting signals in the DSC thermogram and which are ideally suited for processing in expandable plastisols.
- the advantages of the plastisols according to the invention with reference to an unfilled, non-pigmented, thermally expandable PVC plastisol are to be clarified.
- the following plastisols according to the invention are, inter alia, examples of thermally expandable plastisols which are used in the production of floor coverings.
- the following plastisols according to the invention are exemplary of foam layers which are used as backsheets in multilayer PVC floors.
- the formulations shown are kept general, and can or must be adapted by the skilled person to the specific application and use requirements existing in the respective field of application.
- Vinnolit MP 6852 microsuspension PVC (homopolymer) with K value (according to DIN EN ISO 1628-2) of 68; Fa. Vinnolit GmbH & Co KG.
- VESTINOL® 9 diisononyl (ortho) phthalate (DINP), plasticizer; Fa. Evonik Oxeno GmbH.
- VESTINOL® INB isononyl benzoate, plasticizer; Fa. Evonik Oxeno GmbH.
- Unifoam AZ Ultra 7043 azodicarbonamide; thermally activated blowing agent; Fa. Hebron S.A.
- Zinc oxide ZnO; Thermal propellant decomposition catalyst; lowers the substantive decomposition temperature of the propellant; also acts as a stabilizer; "zinc oxide active® ", from Lanxess AG
- the zinc oxide was premixed with a sufficient (partial) amount of the plasticizer used in each case and then added.
- the liquid and solid formulation ingredients were weighed separately each in a suitable PE cup. By hand, the mixture was stirred with an ointment spatula so that no unwetted powder was present.
- the plastisols were mixed with a Kreiss dissolver VDKV30-3 (from Niemann). The mixing mixture was clamped in the clamping device of the dissolver stirrer.
- the sample was homogenized using a mixer disk (toothed disk, finely toothed, 0: 50 mm).
- the speed of the dissolver was continuously increased from 330 rpm to 2000 rpm and stirred until the temperature at the digital display of the thermo-controller reached 30.0 ° C. (temperature increase due to frictional energy / energy dissipation; NPCheremisinoff: "An Introduction to Polymer Rheology and Processing" (CRC Press, London; 1993), which ensured that the homogenization of the plastisol was achieved at a defined energy input, after which the plastisol was immediately heated to 25.0 ° C
- Example 2 The measurement of the viscosities of the plastisols prepared in Example 2 was carried out as described under Analytik, item 10 (see above) using a Physica MCR 101 rheometer (Paar-Physica). The results are shown in the following table (3) as an example for the shear rates 100 / s, 10 / s, 1 / s and 0, 1 / s.
- the terephthalic acid ester used in the invention give PVC plastisols, which have a significantly lower paste viscosity in comparison to plastisols that are based on the current standard plasticizer DINP in the low shear rates while at a similar level as the comparable in the high shear rates DINP paste or slightly above it.
- the PVC plastisols of the present invention exhibit higher plastisol viscosity at high shear rates, while at lower shear rates, the same or even lower viscosity values are achieved.
- the dependence of the plastisol viscosity on the degree of branching of the terephthalic esters used is very good. While the terephthalic acid esters used according to the invention with a branching degree of the ester group up to 2.5 lead to plastisols with very good processing properties, the plastisol (5), which was produced on the basis of the higher branched comparative example 1 .6, shows a much higher shear viscosity, and leaves For example, they no longer readily process themselves by means of common application technologies (eg doctor blade application).
- the INB plastisol has an extremely low viscosity, which is also significantly below the viscosity of the DINP standard plastisol, especially at high shear rates.
- Expandable plastisols are thus made available by the terephthalic acid esters used according to the invention, which have similar processability to the high shear rates of the analogous DINP plastisols, but show a significantly more uniform course, for example during spray application, due to their lower plastisol viscosity at low shear rates.
- thermo-expandable plastisols prepared in Example 2 were carried out as under analytics, point 11. (see above), with a Physica MCR 101 in oscillation mode after storage of the plastisols at 25 ° C for 24 h. The results are shown in Table (4) below.
- Table 4 From the gelation curves (viscosity curves) certain cornerstones of the gelling behavior of the thermo-expandable plastisols prepared according to Example 2.
- the INB plastisol exhibits a very rapid gelation (or gelation at significantly lower temperatures) both in comparison with the DINP standard plastisol and in comparison with the terephthalate plastisols according to the invention while a maximum viscosity, which is well above the DINP standard.
- Example 5
- thermo-expandable plastisols prepared in Example 2 Production of the foam films and determination of the expansion or foaming behavior of the thermo-expandable plastisols prepared in Example 2 at 200 ° C.
- the foam foils were produced and the expansion / foaming behavior was determined in accordance with the procedure described under Analytik, Item 12. The average of the thicknesses and the initial thickness of 0.76 mm were used to calculate the expansion. The results are presented in the following table (5).
- Table 5 Expansion of the polymer foams or foam foils produced from the thermally expandable plastisols (according to Ex. 2) at different furnace residence times in the Mathis Labcoater (at 200 ° C.).
- the expandable plastisols containing terephthalic acid esters according to the invention are still significantly higher in yellowness than the comparable DINP foam after a residence time of 90 seconds, after 120 seconds they reach, in some cases, a significantly lower level.
- the INB plastisol starts from a much higher level, is still higher than the DINP standard with a residence time of 90 s and ends at a comparable level as the plastisols, which were produced on the basis of the terephthalic acid esters used according to the invention. It is thus also apparent here that the terephthalic acid esters used according to the invention and the thermally expandable plastisols prepared with them according to the invention permit significantly faster processing in comparison with the existing standard softener DINP.
- Example 6 Example 6:
- the advantages of the plastisols according to the invention based on a filler and pigment-containing thermally expandable PVC plastisol are to be clarified below.
- the following plastisols according to the invention are u.a. Exemplary for thermally expandable plastisols, which are used in the manufacture of floor coverings.
- the following plastisols according to the invention are exemplary of foam layers which are used as printable and / or inhibitable top side foams in multilayer PVC floors.
- the preparation of the plastisols was carried out analogously to Example 2 but with a modified recipe.
- the weights of the components used for the different plastisols are shown in the following table (7).
- Table 7 Composition of the filled and pigmented expandable PVC plastisols according to Example 6. [All data in parts by mass]
- Calibrite OG calcium carbonate; Filler; Fa. OMYA AG.
- KRONOS 2220 Rutile pigment (Ti0 2 ) stabilized with Al and Si; White pigment; Company Kroenos Worldwide Inc.
- Isopropanol Cosolvent for lowering the plastisol viscosity and additive for improving the foam structure (Brenntag AG).
- Example 7 Isopropanol: Cosolvent for lowering the plastisol viscosity and additive for improving the foam structure (Brenntag AG).
- Example 6 The measurement of the viscosities of the plastisols prepared in Example 6 was carried out as described under analytics, item 10 (see above), using a Rheometer Physica MCR 101 (from Paar-Physica). The results are shown in the following table (8) as an example for the shear rates 100 / s, 10 / s, 1 / s and 0, 1 / s.
- Table 8 Shear viscosity of the plastisols from Example 6 after 24 h storage at 25 ° C.
- the isononylbenzoate (INB) -based plastisol (comparative example, plastisol formulation 6) has the lowest shear viscosity at all shear rates shown.
- the plastisols according to the invention have, in comparison with the DINP used as a standard plasticizer, in some cases a considerably lower shear viscosity, which leads to significantly improved processing properties, in particular to a considerably increased application speed during coating and / or doctor application. The influence of the branching on the plastisol viscosity is clearly recognizable.
- plastisols are made available which, depending on the degree of branching chosen, have similar or significantly improved processing properties compared to plastisols which are based on the standard plasticizer DINP.
- Table 9 From the gelation curves (viscosity curves) certain cornerstones of the gelling behavior of the filled and pigmented expandable plastisols prepared according to Example 6. Plastisol recipe 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 ** 6 **
- the plastisol based on isononyl benzoate has the fastest gelation or the lowest gelling temperature of all the plastisols shown.
- Table 10 Expansion of the polymer foams or foam foils produced from the filled and pigmented thermally expandable plastisols (according to Ex. 6) at different furnace residence times in the Mathis Labcoater (at 200 ° C.).
- the INB final sample (after 120 seconds) has a significantly lower and completely unsatisfactory expansion in comparison with both the DINP standard and the plastisols which are based on the terephthalic acid esters used according to the invention.
- the comparative sample (5) based on highly branched diisononyl terephthalate has very good foamability, it is not suitable for industrial use because of its extremely disadvantageous theological behavior (see Tab. 8).
- thermally expandable plastisols with fillers are made available which, despite obvious disadvantages in the gelling behavior (see Example 8), have clear advantages in terms of thermal expandability.
- Table 1 1 yellowness values (Y, D1925) of the polymer foams prepared according to Example 9.
- the plastisol prepared on the basis of isononyl benzoate (INB) starts with the highest yellow value of all measured plastisols, but decreases after 120 seconds residence time at 200 ° C. to the level of the plastisols according to the invention. After only 90 seconds, the plastisols which comprise the terephthalic acid esters used according to the invention are at the level of the DINP plastisol. After 120 s, significantly lower values than with the DINP are obtained, so the expansion process runs much faster. Thus, filled plastisols are provided which, despite apparent disadvantages in gelation, allow a faster processing speed and / or lower processing temperatures.
- Example 12 Composition of the filled and pigmented expandable PVC plastisols from Example 10 [All data in parts by mass].
- Vestolit E 7012 S emulsion PVC (homopolymer) with a K value (determined according to DIN EN ISO 1628-2) of 67; Fa. Vestolit GmbH.
- Vinnolit E 67 ST emulsion PVC (homopolymer) with a K value (determined according to DIN EN ISO 1628-2) of 67; Fa. Vinnolit GmbH & Co. KG.
- Vinnolit EP 7060 emulsion PVC (homopolymer) with a K value (determined according to DIN EN ISO 1628-2) of 70; Fa. Vinnolit GmbH & Co. KG.
- Eastman DBT di-n-butyl terephthalate; Plasticizer with fast gelation; Fa. Eastman Chemical Co.
- Unicell D200A azodicarbonamide; thermally activated blowing agent; Fa. Tramaco GmbH.
- OBSH 160NER phlegmatized sulfonyl hydrazide (OBSH); thermally activated blowing agent; Fa. Tramaco GmbH.
- Microdol A1 calcium magnesium carbonate (dolomite); Filler; Fa. Omya AG.
- Baerostab KK 48-1 Potassium / Zinc "kicker”; thermal propellant decomposition catalyst, reduces the substractive decomposition temperature of the blowing agent, and at the same time stabilizing action, Baerlocher GmbH.
- Example 10 The measurement of the viscosity of the plastisols prepared in Example 10 was carried out as described under analytics, item 10 (see above), using a Rheometer Physica MCR 101 (from Paar-Physica). The results are shown in the following table (13) as an example for the shear rates 100 / s, 10 / s, 1 / s and 0, 1 / s. Table 13: Shear viscosity of the plastisols from Example 10 after 24 h storage at 25 ° C.
- the plastisols according to the invention which contain terephthalic acid diisononyl ester mixtures together with small amounts of dibutyl terephthalate, have a significantly lower viscosity compared to the plastisol (1) based on DINP alone, which is also significantly lower than that of the higher branched terephthalic acid isononyl ester mixture (4) not according to the invention , There are thus provided plastisols according to the invention which allow a much faster processing compared to the known standard (DINP).
- Table 14 From the gelation curves (viscosity curves) certain cornerstones of the gelling behavior of the filled and pigmented expandable plastisols prepared according to Example 10.
- the plastisols prepared in Example 10 were foamed in a Mathis Labcoater (type LTE-TS, manufacturer: W. Mathis AG).
- the carrier used was a coated wallpaper paper (Ahlstrom GmbH).
- the plastisols were applied in 3 different strengths (300pm, 200pm and 100pm). In each case 3 plastisols were spread side by side on a paper.
- the precoated paper thus obtained was foamed at 210 ° C for 60 seconds in the Mathis oven and gelled.
- Table 16 Evaluation system for the backside evaluation of effect foams.
- the surface structure of an effect foam is determined essentially by the constituents and the processing properties of the plastisol used for the preparation.
- the plastisol viscosity eg characterized by the course of the plastisol viscosity as a function of the shear rate
- the gelling behavior of the plastisol among other things, the size and distribution of the gas bubbles
- the influence of the plasticizer used on the decomposition of the blowing agent so-called "auto-kick effects”
- propellant (s) and decomposition to name gate s
- Table 17 Results of the surface and backside evaluation of the leached effect foams from Example 13.
- the expansion behavior of all samples is good and equivalent to that of the DINP standard.
- the DBT is prone to overfoaming, so has a poor expansion behavior.
- the yellow value shows that significantly lower values are achieved with the plastisols according to the invention in comparison with the DINP standard, which means that the expansion proceeds significantly faster here.
- the evaluation of the surface structure shows the result of the expansion behavior for the DBT plastisol. As a result of the overshoot, an insufficient surface structure or premature collapse occurs.
- all plastisols according to the invention have a very good surface structure, which surprisingly even shows significant improvements compared with the DINP standard.
- Smooth foams foams with a smooth surface.
- the following plastisols according to the invention are u.a. Exemplary for thermally expandable plastisols which are used in the production of wall coverings.
- the following plastisols according to the invention are exemplary of foam layers which are used in PVC wallpapers.
- the preparation of the plastisols was carried out analogously to Example 2 but with a modified recipe.
- the weights of the components used for the different plastisols are shown in Table (18) below.
- Table 18 Composition of the filled and pigmented expandable PVC plastisols from Example 14 [All data in parts by mass].
- Vestolit B 6021 Ultra microsuspension PVC (homopolymer) with a K value (determined according to DIN EN ISO 1628-2) of 60; Fa. Vestolit GmbH.
- Drapex 39 epoxidized soybean oil; (Co) stabilizer with softening effect; Fa. Chemtura / Galata.
- Example 14 The measurement of the viscosity of the plastisols prepared in Example 14 was carried out as described under analytics, item 10 (see above), using a Rheometer Physica MCR 101 (Paar-Physica). The results are shown in the following table (19) as an example for the shear rates 100 / s, 10 / s, 1 / s and 0, 1 / s.
- Table 19 Shear viscosity of the plastisols from Example 14 after 24 h storage at 25 ° C.
- Example 14 Determination of the Gelling Behavior of the Filled and Pigmented Thermally Expandable Plastisols from Example 14
- the investigation of the gelling behavior of the thermally filled and pigmented expandable plastisols prepared in Example 14 was carried out as described under Analytik, Item 11. (see above), with a Physica MCR 101 in oscillation mode after storage of the plastisols at 25 ° C for 24 h. The results are shown in Table (20) below.
- Table 20 From the gelation curves (viscosity curves) certain cornerstones of the gelling behavior of the filled and pigmented expandable plastisols prepared according to Example 14.
- the smooth foams were produced analogously to the procedure described in Example 13, but using the plastisols prepared in Example 14.
- the evaluation of the expansion behavior was carried out analogously to the procedure described in Example 13.
- the yellow values were determined on the gelled samples as described under Analysis, Item 13 (see above).
- Table 21 Evaluation system for the surface finish of smooth foams.
- the evaluation of the backs was carried out analogously to the evaluations of effect foams (see Example 13 / Table 16).
- the surface structure of a smooth foam ie a foam which is to have a smooth surface structuring
- the effect foam determined essentially by the processing properties of the plastisol used for the production.
- the plastisol viscosity, the flow behavior of the plastisol eg characterized by the plastisol viscosity as a function of the shear rate
- the gelling behavior of the plastisol among other things, the size and distribution of the gas bubbles
- the velocity of gas bubble coalescence and the influence of the plasticizers used on the decomposition of the blowing agent (so-called "auto-kick effects"), as well as the choice and combination of blowing agent (s) and decomposition catalyst (s) due to the targeted use of surface-active substances (such as dispersing
- the choice of the starting materials in this case essentially influences the final result, and the evaluation of the backside of the coated paper in turn allows conclusions to be drawn regarding the permanence of the plasticizers used and other formulation ingredients in the gelled system.
- a strong migration of formulation constituents has numerous disadvantages and is generally a "knock-out criterion" for the use of the corresponding formulation.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP11781478.0A EP2643157A1 (de) | 2010-11-24 | 2011-10-28 | Dint in geschäumten pvc-pasten |
RU2013128410/05A RU2013128410A (ru) | 2010-11-24 | 2011-10-28 | Сложный диизонониловый эфир терефталевой кислоты во вспененных поливинилхлоридных пастах |
CN201180065849.1A CN103328202B (zh) | 2010-11-24 | 2011-10-28 | 发泡pvc糊中的dint |
CA2817867A CA2817867A1 (en) | 2010-11-24 | 2011-10-28 | Dint in foamed pvc pastes |
SG2013040076A SG190394A1 (en) | 2010-11-24 | 2011-10-28 | Dint in expanded pvc pastes |
KR1020137016197A KR20130141611A (ko) | 2010-11-24 | 2011-10-28 | 발포 pvc 페이스트 중의 dint |
JP2013540289A JP2013543918A (ja) | 2010-11-24 | 2011-10-28 | 発泡されたpvcペースト中のジイソノニルテレフタレート(dint) |
US13/989,421 US20130310473A1 (en) | 2010-11-24 | 2011-10-28 | Dint in expanded pvc pastes |
MX2013005548A MX2013005548A (es) | 2010-11-24 | 2011-10-28 | Dint en pastas de pvc espumadas. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102010061869A DE102010061869A1 (de) | 2010-11-24 | 2010-11-24 | DINT in geschäumten PVC-Pasten |
DE102010061869.1 | 2010-11-24 |
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WO2012069283A1 true WO2012069283A1 (de) | 2012-05-31 |
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PCT/EP2011/069039 WO2012069283A1 (de) | 2010-11-24 | 2011-10-28 | Dint in geschäumten pvc-pasten |
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US (1) | US20130310473A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2643157A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2013543918A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20130141611A (de) |
CN (1) | CN103328202B (de) |
CA (1) | CA2817867A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102010061869A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MX2013005548A (de) |
MY (1) | MY165910A (de) |
RU (1) | RU2013128410A (de) |
SG (1) | SG190394A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2012069283A1 (de) |
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2010
- 2010-11-24 DE DE102010061869A patent/DE102010061869A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-10-28 CN CN201180065849.1A patent/CN103328202B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-10-28 RU RU2013128410/05A patent/RU2013128410A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-10-28 CA CA2817867A patent/CA2817867A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-10-28 EP EP11781478.0A patent/EP2643157A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-10-28 MY MYPI2013001908A patent/MY165910A/en unknown
- 2011-10-28 WO PCT/EP2011/069039 patent/WO2012069283A1/de active Application Filing
- 2011-10-28 KR KR1020137016197A patent/KR20130141611A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-10-28 US US13/989,421 patent/US20130310473A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-10-28 SG SG2013040076A patent/SG190394A1/en unknown
- 2011-10-28 JP JP2013540289A patent/JP2013543918A/ja active Pending
- 2011-10-28 MX MX2013005548A patent/MX2013005548A/es unknown
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DE10026234C1 (de) | 2000-05-26 | 2001-08-16 | Boehme Chem Fab Kg | Zusammensetzung zur Herstellung von PVC-Schlagschäumen und deren Verwendung |
WO2003029339A1 (en) | 2001-09-25 | 2003-04-10 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Plasticised polyvinyl chloride |
EP1505104A1 (de) | 2003-08-07 | 2005-02-09 | Oxeno Olefinchemie GmbH | Schäumbare Kompositionen, die Benzoesäureisononylester aufweisen |
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KR20090058067A (ko) * | 2007-12-04 | 2009-06-09 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 디이소노닐테레프탈레이트를 포함하는 벽지용 염화비닐계수지 조성물 |
WO2009095126A1 (de) | 2008-01-28 | 2009-08-06 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Gemische von diisononylestern der terephthalsäure, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013543917A (ja) * | 2010-11-24 | 2013-12-09 | エボニック オクセノ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 可塑剤としてdintを含有するポリマー組成物 |
EP2810932A1 (de) * | 2013-06-06 | 2014-12-10 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Verbesserungen an oder im Zusammenhang mit Weichmacherestern |
WO2014195055A1 (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2014-12-11 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Improvements in or relating to plasticiser esters |
EP2843130A1 (de) * | 2013-08-26 | 2015-03-04 | Valmet Technologies, Inc. | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Auftragung einer Substanzschicht auf eine laufende Faserstoffbahn durch Schaumauftragung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20130141611A (ko) | 2013-12-26 |
DE102010061869A1 (de) | 2012-05-24 |
CA2817867A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
EP2643157A1 (de) | 2013-10-02 |
RU2013128410A (ru) | 2015-01-20 |
US20130310473A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
MX2013005548A (es) | 2013-07-03 |
CN103328202A (zh) | 2013-09-25 |
CN103328202B (zh) | 2016-04-13 |
MY165910A (en) | 2018-05-18 |
SG190394A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 |
JP2013543918A (ja) | 2013-12-09 |
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