WO2012060180A1 - モータ制御装置 - Google Patents
モータ制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012060180A1 WO2012060180A1 PCT/JP2011/073212 JP2011073212W WO2012060180A1 WO 2012060180 A1 WO2012060180 A1 WO 2012060180A1 JP 2011073212 W JP2011073212 W JP 2011073212W WO 2012060180 A1 WO2012060180 A1 WO 2012060180A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B6/00—Internal feedback arrangements for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral or differential
- G05B6/02—Internal feedback arrangements for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral or differential electric
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B11/00—Automatic controllers
- G05B11/01—Automatic controllers electric
- G05B11/36—Automatic controllers electric with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential
- G05B11/42—Automatic controllers electric with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential for obtaining a characteristic which is both proportional and time-dependent, e.g. P. I., P. I. D.
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/41—Servomotor, servo controller till figures
- G05B2219/41152—Adaptive filter
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S388/00—Electricity: motor control systems
- Y10S388/90—Specific system operational feature
- Y10S388/902—Compensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S388/00—Electricity: motor control systems
- Y10S388/907—Specific control circuit element or device
- Y10S388/91—Operational/differential amplifier
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a motor control device that controls the speed and position of a motor.
- a motor control device that controls the speed and position of a motor generally performs speed PI (proportional integration) control, control using a filter or the like, and controls a constant that determines these characteristics. It is necessary to set according to the characteristics of the system, and it is desired to realize high-speed and high-precision control with as simple setting and adjustment as possible.
- speed PI proportional integration
- Patent Document 1 includes a speed control unit that performs PI control, a torque filter unit that is generally widely used as a low-pass filter, and various control constants that set characteristics of these units. Is disclosed in relation to a motor control device that sets a specific relational expression based on one parameter input from the outside.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique that assumes a mechanical system as a two-inertia system having a large load.
- the frequency response gain is constant in the low frequency region and the high frequency region, and the phase delay is intermediate in the intermediate frequency region, with the set first filter frequency and second filter frequency as a boundary.
- the proportional gain (speed gain) of the speed control means can be stably increased.
- frequency response gain is simply referred to as “gain”. Also disclosed is a technique that includes parameter setting means and automatically sets the first filter frequency and the second filter frequency described above.
- the setting method based on the proportional gain (speed gain) of the speed control means, the inertia value of the entire mechanical system, and the inertia value of the motor alone, the first crossing frequency ⁇ C1 considered by the inertia of the entire mechanical system, A method for setting the second crossing frequency ⁇ C2 considered based on the inertia of the motor alone as a reference is disclosed. Or the method of setting on the basis of the antiresonance frequency and resonance frequency of a mechanical system is disclosed.
- a low-rigidity mechanical system is stably controlled using a phase delay filter.
- the setting method only considers the control target as a two-inertia system, and is described above.
- the relationship between the first filter frequency and the second filter frequency is the relationship between the inertia of the driven mechanical system and the inertia of the motor. It is determined only by the ratio. As a result, when the inertia of the load is not so large, the difference between the first crossing frequency ⁇ C1 and the second crossing frequency ⁇ C2 is small, so that the effect of reducing the high frequency gain with the filter is small.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object thereof is to obtain a motor control device capable of realizing high-speed and high-precision control over a mechanical system having as wide a characteristic as possible.
- the present invention is a motor control device that drives a motor included in a controlled object, and detects a speed of the motor and outputs a detected speed.
- a control calculation unit that calculates a driving force command for the motor so that the detected speed follows the speed command, and a feedback that is a transfer function from the detected speed to the driving force command inside the control calculation unit
- An amplification compensator that performs a calculation of multiplying the transfer function by the speed gain Kv, and a frequency response gain of approximately 1 at a frequency equal to or lower than the filter cutoff frequency, and an increase in frequency from the filter cutoff frequency to a filter upper limit frequency greater than the filter cutoff frequency.
- the frequency response gain decreases with respect to the filter upper limit frequency, and the frequency response gain is substantially constant at frequencies above the filter upper limit frequency.
- a feedback filter that performs a calculation for causing the filter characteristic to act on the feedback transfer function within the control calculation unit, the speed gain Kv based on an external input, the filter cutoff frequency, and the filter
- a control constant setting unit that sets at least one of the upper limit frequencies; and a driving force control unit that drives the motor so that the driving force of the motor matches the driving force command.
- the speed gain Kv and at least one of the filter cutoff frequency and the filter upper limit frequency are set so that the ratio of the filter upper limit frequency to the filter cutoff frequency becomes smaller as the speed gain Kv increases. It is characterized by that.
- the high frequency gain can be reduced while narrowly changing the frequency range in which the phase of the feedback filter is delayed in accordance with the increase of the speed gain Kv.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a motor control device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a frequency response of a control target of the motor control device.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the frequency response of the feedback filter according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an open loop frequency response according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the effect of the first embodiment by comparing the open-loop frequency response.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a motor control device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the frequency response of the feedback filter according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an open loop frequency response according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a motor control apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the motor control apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the motor control device 101 receives a speed command vr which is an operation command input from the outside, an operation (speed) vm of the motor 1 detected using an operation detector (not shown) such as an encoder, and an external input. Based on the set response parameter Pr, torque (driving force) ⁇ m is generated in the motor 1 so that the operation of the motor 1 follows the operation command. Further, the motor 1 generates a torque ⁇ m, thereby driving a mechanical system 3 composed of the motor 1 and a mechanical load 2 coupled to the motor 1.
- the term "rotary system" such as torque is used with the motor 1 as a rotary motor.
- the motor 1 is not particularly limited to a rotary type, and may be a linear motor that generates thrust (driving force).
- the motor control device 101 includes a torque control unit (driving force control unit) 4, a speed detection unit 5, a control calculation unit 102, and a control constant setting unit 105.
- the speed detector 5 calculates the speed at which the motor 1 operates based on the detected operation vm of the motor 1 and outputs it as a detected speed vb.
- the control calculation unit 102 includes an amplification compensation unit 103 that performs compensation amplification calculation and a feedback filter 104 that performs filter calculation. Based on the speed command vr that is an operation command and the detection speed vb, the detection speed vb is a speed. A torque command ⁇ r obtained by calculating feedback control so as to follow the command vr is output.
- the torque control unit 4 controls the current of the motor 1 so that the torque ⁇ m generated by the motor 1 matches the torque command ⁇ r.
- control constant setting unit 105 sets characteristics of the calculation operation of the control calculation unit 102 including the amplification compensation unit 103 and the feedback filter 104, that is, constants used for calculation, based on the response parameter Pr set from the outside, as will be described later. .
- the control calculation unit 102 receives the speed command vr and the detected speed vb.
- the amplification compensation unit 103 performs a normal proportional-integral control calculation based on the speed command vr and the detection speed vb so that the detection speed vb follows the speed command vr. That is, a control calculation is performed by performing proportional calculation by multiplying a speed deviation, which is a deviation between the speed command vr and the detected speed vb, by a speed gain Kv, and integral compensation with the reciprocal of the integral time constant being ⁇ i.
- the compensation torque ⁇ c which is an intermediate variable in the unit 102, is output.
- s represents a Laplace operator, and 1 / s means integration.
- ⁇ c Kv ⁇ ⁇ 1+ ( ⁇ i / s) ⁇ (vr ⁇ vb) (Formula 1)
- the feedback filter 104 receives the compensation torque ⁇ c output from the amplification compensator 103, and calculates torque by calculating a transfer function F (s) that relatively reduces the frequency response gain at a frequency higher than a predetermined filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL. Command ⁇ r is output. Further, the feedback filter 104 has a gain of about 1 in a low frequency region whose frequency response characteristic is lower than the above-described filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL, and an intermediate frequency region from the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL to a higher filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH. The gain decreases with increasing frequency, and the gain has a substantially constant filter characteristic in a high frequency region higher than the above-mentioned filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH. The details of the calculation processing of the feedback filter 104 will be described in detail later.
- phase characteristic of the feedback filter 104 is not mentioned above, the filter used for feedback control is practically in a category called a minimum phase transition system, and therefore determines the frequency response gain characteristic. Then, the phase characteristics are uniquely determined. Specifically, by providing the feedback filter 104 with the gain characteristics as described above, the phase characteristics result in characteristics that are relatively delayed in the intermediate frequency range.
- the control calculation unit 102 performs a calculation in which the transfer function (described as a feedback transfer function) from the detected speed vb to the torque command ⁇ r is expressed by the following equation 2. That is, the calculation is performed so that the feedback transfer function is multiplied by the speed gain Kv by the calculation of the amplification compensator 103 and the above-described filter characteristic is applied to the feedback transfer function by the calculation of the feedback filter 104.
- ⁇ r / vb ⁇ F (s) ⁇ Kv ⁇ (s + Kpi) / s ⁇ (Formula 2)
- control calculation unit 102 that calculates the torque command ⁇ r based on the detected speed vb is set with calculation characteristics according to the characteristics of the mechanical system 3 to be driven.
- the torque control unit 4 and the speed detection unit 5 The characteristic is usually configured as a constant characteristic that does not depend on the characteristic of the mechanical system 3. Therefore, the characteristic from the torque command ⁇ r to the detected speed vb, that is, the part combining the torque control unit 4, the mechanical system 3, and the speed detection unit 5 is called a control target.
- the transfer function from the torque ⁇ m generated by the motor 1 to the actual operating speed of the mechanical system 3, that is, the motor 1 is a pure integral characteristic. That is, the frequency response decreases with a gain of ⁇ 20 [dB / dec] as the frequency increases, and has a constant characteristic when the phase is ⁇ 90 [deg].
- the characteristic of the torque control unit 4, that is, the transmission characteristic of the torque ⁇ m generated by the motor 1 with respect to the torque command ⁇ r includes a delay.
- the speed detection unit 5 calculates the detection speed vb by, for example, calculating the difference between encoder outputs that detected the operation of the motor 1.
- the detection speed vb is a delayed signal compared to the actual operating speed.
- FIG. 2 shows the frequency response of the characteristics of the controlled object composed of the torque control unit 4, the mechanical system 3, and the speed detection unit 5, that is, the characteristic from the torque command ⁇ r to the detection speed vb.
- the solid line in FIG. 2 shows characteristics when the mechanical system 3 is the ideal rigid body described above. Similar to the mechanical system 3, the gain to be controlled decreases approximately at ⁇ 20 [dB / dec] as the frequency increases.
- the torque control unit 4 and the speed detection unit 5 have a delay approximated to the dead time as described above, so that the phase delay increases as the frequency increases.
- phase reference frequency ⁇ q the frequency at which the sum of the phase delays generated by the torque control unit 4 and the speed detection unit 5 is ⁇ 90 [deg] is referred to as a phase reference frequency ⁇ q.
- the phase characteristic of the control target is ⁇ 180 [deg] at the phase reference frequency ⁇ q.
- the phase reference frequency ⁇ q is determined only by the phase delay characteristics of the torque control unit 4 and the speed detection unit 5, the frequency response from the torque command ⁇ r to the detection speed vb in a state where only the motor 1 is driven by the motor control device 101. It can be measured by measuring. Alternatively, it can be measured as the frequency of oscillation that occurs when the control calculation unit 102 is made to have the characteristics of simple speed proportional control and its control gain is increased while only the motor 1 is driven. That is, it can be determined in advance without actually connecting the mechanical load 2 to the motor 1 and driving it.
- the phase reference frequency is shown as 10000 [rad / s] as an example.
- the mechanical system 3 generally has a plurality of mechanical resonances due to the coupling and shaft (not shown) connecting the motor and the mechanical load 2 or the low rigidity of the mechanical load 2 main body.
- the motor 1 and an operation detector (not shown) such as an encoder are integrally formed, and a condition called collocation where the driving force generation unit and the operation detection unit are sufficiently close to each other. Is established.
- the transfer function from the generated torque of the motor 1 to the actual speed of the motor 1 shows that anti-resonance and resonance appear alternately as the frequency increases, and the phase does not lag behind -90 [deg].
- the phase delay does not increase at all frequencies.
- the phase characteristic changes in the direction in which the phase advances 180 [deg] in the vicinity of the antiresonance frequency as the frequency increases, and changes in the direction in which the phase is delayed by 180 [deg] in the vicinity of the resonance frequency.
- the phase is not delayed.
- the phase does not lag behind ⁇ 180 [deg] at a frequency lower than the above-described phase reference frequency ⁇ q.
- the denominator and the numerator have a predetermined transfer function of the same order n (n is an integer of 1 or more). That is, an operation represented by the following transfer function is performed using a denominator polynomial Df (s) and a numerator polynomial Nf (s) each represented by an nth-order s polynomial.
- F (s) Nf (s) / Df (s) (Formula 3)
- the denominator polynomial Df (s) and the numerator polynomial Nf (s) are n pole frequencies (hereinafter simply referred to as poles) ⁇ p_i [rad / s].
- poles n pole frequencies
- zeros n zeros
- ⁇ z_i n zeros
- an operation represented by the product of n polynomials is performed as in the following equation.
- i of _i representing a subscript is an integer of 1 to n.
- Df (s) ⁇ (1 / ⁇ p_1) s + 1 ⁇ ...
- Nf (s) ⁇ (1 / ⁇ z_1) s + 1 ⁇ ... ⁇ (1 / ⁇ z_n) s + 1 ⁇ (Formula 5)
- the n poles ⁇ p_i are given a suffix i in ascending order, and similarly the n zeros ⁇ z_i are given a suffix i in ascending order.
- the first or smallest pole ⁇ p_1 is associated with the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL
- the nth or largest zero ⁇ z_n is associated with the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH
- the first to nth poles ⁇ p_i and the zero ⁇ z_i are associated with each other.
- the frequency response characteristic of the feedback filter F (s) represented by (Equation 3) to (Equation 5) is, as shown in FIG.
- the gain is approximately 1
- the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH that is, the maximum
- the gain is substantially constant in a frequency region higher than the zero point ⁇ z_n and has a characteristic of converging to Gh of the following expression 7.
- Gh ( ⁇ z_1... ⁇ z_n) / ( ⁇ p_1... ⁇ p_n) (Expression 7)
- the phase characteristic of the transfer function F (s) of the feedback filter 104 is between ⁇ 90 [deg] and 0 [deg] in the intermediate frequency region between the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL and the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH.
- the feedback filter F (s) has a characteristic that the phase is larger than ⁇ 90 [deg] at all frequencies.
- the control parameter setting unit 105 receives a response parameter Pr from the outside.
- the response parameter Pr is a parameter for setting the response speed of the motor control device 101 that operates so as to make the detected speed vb coincide with the speed command vr.
- the response parameter Pr is a continuous frequency such as a frequency representing the response speed or a time constant of its reciprocal. Either a numerical value or a stepwise parameter such as large / medium / small may be used.
- This response parameter Pr is determined in consideration of the stability of the control system and a desired response speed in accordance with the use of the motor control device 101 and the characteristics of the mechanical system 3 to be driven.
- the speed gain Kv itself may be input as the response parameter Pr.
- the control constant setting unit 105 increases the speed gain Kv of the calculation of (Equation 1) in the amplification compensation unit 103 of the control calculation unit 102 by inputting the response parameter Pr. Set. Further, the reciprocal ⁇ i of the integral time constant is about 0.1 to 0.5 times as large as the gain crossover frequency ⁇ c obtained by dividing the speed gain Kv by the inertia value (inertia value) J of the mechanical system 3. Set.
- the control constant setting unit 105 sets the characteristics of the feedback filter 104 as follows simultaneously with the setting of the amplification compensation unit 103.
- the inertia value J may be input from the outside as a set value, or may be determined by estimation based on the torque command ⁇ r and the detected speed vb.
- control constant setting unit 105 sets the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL as a reference value with a gain crossover frequency ⁇ c as a reference, a value that is about the same or slightly higher, usually about 1 to 5 times the value of ⁇ c.
- the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH is set to a value slightly smaller than the above-described phase reference frequency ⁇ q, usually about 0.2 to 1 times.
- the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL is set smaller than the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH by the above setting. Shall be.
- the control constant setting unit 105 sets the ratio of the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH to the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL to be small when the speed gain Kv is increased according to the input of the response parameter Pr.
- the intermediate frequency region described above with respect to the increase of the speed gain Kv that is, the frequency range where the phase delay of the feedback filter 104 is large becomes narrow on the logarithmic axis.
- the feedback filter 104 reduces the gain at a frequency somewhat higher than the gain crossover frequency ⁇ c without increasing the phase delay near the gain crossover frequency ⁇ c. Even in the vicinity of the phase reference frequency ⁇ q, it has a frequency response characteristic that reduces the phase delay.
- the control constant setting unit 105 calculates the upper reference frequency ⁇ H obtained by multiplying the above-described phase reference frequency ⁇ q by a predetermined constant rH.
- the constant rH is a constant in the range of approximately 0.2 to 1. Since the phase reference frequency ⁇ q and the constant rH may be determined in advance, the upper reference frequency ⁇ H itself may be determined in advance.
- the control constant setting unit 105 calculates a lower reference frequency ⁇ L obtained by multiplying a gain crossover frequency ⁇ c determined according to the input response parameter Pr by a predetermined constant rL.
- control constant setting unit 105 includes n constants ⁇ p_i corresponding to the same number of filter poles ⁇ p_i as the order n of the feedback filter 104 and n constants ⁇ z_i (corresponding to n zeros ⁇ z_i). (i is an integer from 1 to n) is set in advance so as to satisfy the relationship of the following Expression 10. 0 ⁇ ⁇ p_1 ⁇ z_1 ⁇ ... ⁇ p_n ⁇ z_n ⁇ 1 (Formula 10)
- the i-th pole ⁇ p_i has a frequency obtained by dividing the upper reference frequency ⁇ H and the lower reference frequency ⁇ L into ⁇ p_i: (1 ⁇ p_i) on the axis representing the frequency logarithmically.
- the i-th zero ⁇ z_i is set to a frequency obtained by dividing ⁇ H and ⁇ L into ⁇ z_i: (1 ⁇ z_i) on the logarithmic axis.
- n constants ⁇ p_i and ⁇ z_i are selected so as to be expressed as a product of a value obtained by multiplying (1/2) by a predetermined integer a and a predetermined integer b while satisfying (Equation 10). Good. Note that the value of the number of times a multiplied by (1/2) can take different values depending on i or between ⁇ p_i and ⁇ z_i.
- the integer b may take different values depending on i or between ⁇ p_i and ⁇ z_i.
- a power operation having exponents of ⁇ p_i and ⁇ z_i that are not integers can be executed, for example, by a square root operation and b multiplication for ⁇ H. Even if it is not a simple arithmetic device, it can be realized by an operation that can be implemented.
- ⁇ fL ⁇ ⁇ fH and the order n of the feedback filter 104 is a sufficiently large integer.
- the pole ⁇ p_i and the zero point ⁇ z_i of the feedback filter 104 have the same relationship as the approximate realization method of the non-integer order integration described in Chapter 5 of Non-Patent Document 1, together with the magnitude relationship of (Expression 6). Think.
- each of n ⁇ p_i and ⁇ z_i is set to be an arithmetic sequence with an interval of ⁇ , and the difference between ⁇ z_i and ⁇ p_i is k times as large as ⁇ (where 0 ⁇ k ⁇ 1 ).
- the transfer function F (s) of the feedback filter 104 is approximated to the characteristic of the non-integer order integration expressed by the following equation at a frequency between ⁇ fL and ⁇ fH.
- the constant k in the following equation is a rational number of 0 ⁇ k ⁇ 1.
- F (s) 1 / (s ⁇ k) (Formula 13)
- the phase of the kth-order non-integral order integration expressed by the above equation 13 is constant at ⁇ 90 k [deg]. Therefore, by configuring the control constant setting unit 105 and the feedback filter 104 as in the present embodiment, and setting ⁇ p_i and ⁇ z_i so that the non-integer order k based on the above theoretical background becomes a desired value, Even when the frequency range from ⁇ fL to ⁇ fH is wide, the phase can be set to have a desired magnitude between ⁇ 90 [deg] and 0 [deg] in the frequency range.
- FIG. 3 shows the frequency response of the transfer function F (s) of the feedback filter 104 according to this embodiment.
- the order n of the feedback filter 104 is 2.
- the speed gain Kv in the amplification compensation unit 103 is set to a different value by the operation of the control constant setting unit 105 based on the change of the response parameter Pr. Show the case.
- a case where the speed gain Kv is small is indicated by a solid line
- a case where the speed gain Kv is medium is indicated by a chain line
- a case where the speed gain Kv is large is indicated by a dotted line.
- the upper part of the figure shows the gain
- the lower part shows the phase.
- the pole ⁇ p_i of the feedback filter 104 is drawn as a triangular point and the zero point ⁇ z_i is drawn as a round point, superimposed on the gain diagram and phase diagram of each condition. ing.
- the minimum pole ⁇ z_1 is the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL
- the maximum zero ⁇ z_2 is the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH.
- the pole ⁇ p_i and the zero point ⁇ z_i of the feedback filter 104 shown in FIG. 3 are determined as follows by the operation of the control constant setting unit 105 described above.
- the phase reference frequency ⁇ q which is the frequency at which the phase delay generated in the torque control unit 4 and the speed detection unit 5 becomes ⁇ 90 [deg] is 10000 [rad / s].
- the upper reference frequency ⁇ H is determined by the calculation of (Equation 8) where the predetermined constant rH is 0.5.
- the control constant setting unit 105 determines the speed gain Kv in the amplification compensator 103 according to the input of the response parameter Pr from the outside, and is a gain obtained by dividing the speed gain Kv by the inertia value J of the mechanical system 3. Find the crossover frequency ⁇ c. Based on the gain crossover frequency ⁇ c, the lower reference frequency ⁇ L is determined by calculation of (Equation 9) with a predetermined constant rL of 2.0.
- ⁇ p_1 is set to 0 as in the above equation, so that ⁇ p_1, that is, the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL, is set to be the same as the lower reference frequency ⁇ L obtained by multiplying the gain crossover frequency ⁇ c by a constant.
- the transfer function F (s) of the feedback filter 104 is determined by the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL as shown in the gain diagram of FIG.
- the gain is reduced at a high frequency, the gain is approximately 1 in a frequency region lower than the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL, and the gain is reduced with respect to an increase in frequency in an intermediate frequency range between the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL and the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH. It has a frequency response characteristic that makes the gain substantially constant in a frequency region higher than the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH.
- the control constant setting unit 105 sets the ratio of the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH to the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL to be small with respect to the increase of the speed gain Kv based on the response parameter Pr.
- the phase characteristic of the feedback filter 104 is configured to be larger than ⁇ 90 [deg] in all frequency regions, and particularly when the speed gain Kv is small. Is approximately 30 [deg] from ⁇ 90 [deg] in a wide frequency range between the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL and the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH due to the effect of alternately arranging the poles ⁇ p_i and the zeros ⁇ z_i of the feedback filter 104 as described above. It has a phase characteristic close to constant with a large value, and has characteristics that cannot be realized when the order n of the feedback filter 104 is 1.
- the ratio of the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH to the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL decreases as the speed gain Kv increases as described above, the frequency range in which the phase lags between them is narrowed on the logarithmic axis. is doing.
- FIG. 4 shows the frequency response of the open loop transfer function of the control system when the mechanical system 3 is assumed to be an ideal rigid body in this specific example. .
- FIG. 4 shows a case where the control constant setting unit 105 sets the speed gain Kv of the amplification compensation unit 103 to three different values by changing the response parameter Pr input from the outside, as in FIG.
- the control constant setting unit 105 sets the reciprocal ⁇ i of the integration time constant to be 0.3 times the gain crossover frequency ⁇ c. Similar to FIG. 3, the case where the speed gain Kv is small is indicated by a solid line, the case where the speed gain Kv is medium is indicated by a chain line, and the case where the speed gain Kv is large is indicated by a dotted line. From FIG.
- the phase crossover frequency at which the phase of the open loop transfer function becomes ⁇ 180 [deg] hardly changes even when the speed gain Kv is changed, and is 10000 [rad] which is the phase reference frequency ⁇ q shown in FIG. / S] only slightly smaller.
- the phase margin at the gain crossover frequency ⁇ c is sufficiently large to be 45 [deg] or higher, and at a frequency higher than the gain crossover frequency ⁇ c, it reaches ⁇ 180 [ deg] with a margin of about 30 [deg] or more.
- the phase has a characteristic that is nearly constant at a value about 30 [deg] larger than ⁇ 180 [deg] in a wide frequency range, and the order n of the feedback filter 104 is 1. It has characteristics that cannot be realized.
- FIG. 4 shows the frequency response of the open-loop transfer function when the mechanical system 3 is an ideal rigid body.
- the gain characteristic when the mechanical system 3 is not an ideal rigid body is A difference arises in that a resonance peak appears or the gain increases as the frequency increases.
- the phase lag does not increase compared to the case where the mechanical system 3 shown in FIG. 4 is an ideal rigid body. Therefore, even if the gain of the open-loop transfer function is greater than 0 [dB] due to mechanical resonance or the like at a frequency lower than the phase crossover frequency shown in FIG. 4, it is 0 [dB] at a frequency higher than the phase crossover frequency. If it does not exceed, it will not become unstable. Therefore, if the phase crossing frequency is kept high, the mechanical resonance at a lower frequency does not become unstable, and the stability can be made as high as possible.
- the feedback filter 104 reduces the high-frequency gain in the open-loop transfer function, but the phase crossing frequency is the phase reference frequency as shown in FIG.
- the frequency range having a large phase delay due to the increase of the speed gain Kv is configured to be narrowed on the logarithmic axis. Therefore, even when the mechanical system 3 is different from a rigid body, for example, when there are many mechanical resonances, the mechanical system characteristic in which the association is established is utilized, and the destabilization does not occur as much as possible according to the setting of the speed gain Kv. In this way, the feedback filter 104 is set. This also makes it possible to realize a robust high-speed and high-accuracy control system with a simple adjustment in which the speed gain Kv is gradually increased according to the input of the response parameter Pr.
- FIG. 5 shows a comparison of the open-loop transfer function frequency response when the motor control device according to the present embodiment described above is used and when the feedback filter 104 is changed to a different one from the present embodiment.
- the solid line shows the open loop frequency response when the motor control device of the present embodiment is used.
- the phase crossing frequency in each case is indicated by a circle, and a gain margin, which is a general robustness index, is indicated by a double arrow.
- the phase crossing frequency according to the present embodiment is slightly lowered as compared with the case without the filter, and is not significantly lowered as in the case of the low-pass filter.
- the gain margin is about 60 [dB], about 40 “dB”, and about 35 [dB] with respect to the case of the present embodiment, in the case of no filter and in the case of the low-pass filter, respectively. In this case, it can be seen that the gain margin is greater than 20 [dB] compared to the other cases.
- the setting operation of the feedback filter 104 in the control constant setting unit 105 is described based on the gain crossover frequency ⁇ c obtained by dividing the speed gain Kv by the inertia value of the mechanical system 3.
- the range of the assumed inertia value 3 is narrow, it is possible to obtain a similar effect by rough estimation without using the accurate inertia value J.
- the setting operation of the feedback filter 104 in the control constant setting unit 105 has been described as being based on the phase reference frequency ⁇ q measured in advance, the phase reference frequency ⁇ q can be obtained without accurately obtaining in advance, for example, By setting it as an empirical value, it is possible to obtain the same effect.
- control constant setting unit 105 increases the ratio of the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL to the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH with respect to the increase of the speed gain Kv in a range of 1 or less, in other words, the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH with respect to the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL.
- a similar effect can be obtained by setting the characteristics of the feedback filter 104 so that the ratio becomes small.
- the configuration of the control calculation unit 102 in the above description is an order configuration in which the feedback filter 104 is applied to the result calculated by the amplification compensation unit 103 based on the deviation between the speed command vr and the detected speed vb.
- This order is not particularly concerned. That is, the feedback filter 104 of the transfer function expressed by (Expression 3) is applied to the deviation between the speed command vr and the detected speed vb, and the output is proportional to the input / output relationship similar to (Expression 1).
- the control calculation unit 102 may be configured such that the transfer function (feedback transfer function) from the detected speed vb to the torque command ⁇ r performs exactly the same calculation as in (Equation 2).
- the motor control device 101 is shown as a speed control system that causes the detected speed vb to follow the speed command vr.
- the position control system can include the speed control system as a minor loop. Yes.
- the amplification compensator 103 has been described as performing the proportional-integral calculation.
- the calculation may be performed by multiplying the feedback transfer function from the detected speed vb to the torque command ⁇ r by the speed gain Kv.
- integral compensation may not be performed if it is not necessary, such as when a deviation is allowed or when it is used as a minor loop of a position control system.
- the characteristics of the first embodiment of the present invention are not lost at all even if a low-pass characteristic that removes a frequency component sufficiently higher than the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH is added to the amplification calculation unit 103. .
- the control calculation unit 102 includes the amplification compensation unit 103 that performs the calculation of multiplying the feedback transfer function by the speed gain Kv, and the gain on the lower frequency side than the filter cutoff frequency. 1, the gain decreases with increasing frequency from the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL to the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH higher than the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL, and has a frequency response characteristic in which the gain is substantially constant on the higher frequency side than the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH.
- a feedback filter 104 that performs a calculation to reduce the frequency response gain of the transfer function at a frequency higher than the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL, and the control constant setting unit 105 performs the filter cutoff of the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH with respect to the increase of the speed gain Kv.
- the high frequency gain of the open loop transfer function can be reduced as much as possible according to the magnitude of the gain Kv.
- the speed gain Kv can be set as large as possible, high-speed and high-precision control can be realized for a mechanical system having as wide a range of characteristics as possible. Further, since the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL and the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH are set based on the speed gain Kv, it is only necessary to input the response parameter Pr for determining the speed gain Kv as a variable parameter that needs to be set. Accurate control can be realized with simple settings.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of the motor control device according to the second embodiment.
- the configuration of the motor control device 201 of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment except for the control constant setting unit 205 and the control calculation unit 202. Constituent elements similar to those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the control calculation unit 202 includes an amplification compensation unit 103 and a feedback filter 204.
- the feedback filter 204 is obtained by changing the secondary feedback filter 104 in the first embodiment to a primary filter.
- the control constant setting unit 205 differs in the characteristic setting method from the control constant setting unit 105 of the first embodiment as the feedback filter 204 is different from the first embodiment.
- the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH is set to a magnitude equal to or higher than the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL.
- the feedback filter 204 has a gain of approximately 1 in a low frequency region lower than the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL, and a gain decreases with an increase in frequency in an intermediate frequency region between the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL and the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH. It has a characteristic of a substantially constant value at a high frequency higher than the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH and a gain smaller than the low frequency region.
- phase characteristic of the transfer function F (s) of the feedback filter 204 is within a range in which the ratio of the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH and the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL is within a certain range, ⁇ 90 [deg] in the intermediate frequency region therebetween. Between 0 and [deg], the phase approaches 0 as the frequency decreases at a frequency lower than the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL, and the phase approaches 0 as the frequency increases at a frequency higher than the filter upper limit frequency. .
- the ratio of the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH to the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL becomes extremely large, the phase gradually approaches -90 [deg] at the center of the intermediate frequency region.
- control constant setting unit 205 sets the amplification compensation unit 103 of the control calculation unit 202 when setting the response speed of the motor control device 201 faster based on the response parameter Pr input from the outside.
- the speed gain Kv at is set larger.
- the reciprocal ⁇ i of the integration time constant in the amplification compensator 103 is set in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL and the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH of the feedback filter 204 are set as follows as the speed gain Kv increases.
- the control constant setting unit 205 calculates the upper reference frequency ⁇ H obtained by multiplying the phase reference frequency ⁇ q by the constant rH, as in the first embodiment.
- the constant rH is a constant in a range of approximately 0.2 to 1, and the upper reference frequency ⁇ H itself may be determined in advance.
- the control constant setting unit 205 also obtains a lower reference frequency ⁇ L obtained by multiplying the gain crossover frequency ⁇ c obtained by dividing the speed gain Kv determined according to the input response parameter Pr by the inertia value J of the mechanical system 3 by a predetermined constant rL. Calculate The constant rL is approximately in the range of 1-5. That is, as in the first embodiment, the upper reference frequency ⁇ H and the lower reference frequency ⁇ L are calculated by (Equation 8) and (Equation 9).
- the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL is always matched with the lower reference frequency ⁇ L and the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH is always matched with the upper reference frequency ⁇ H, the speed gain Kv is small, and the gain crossover frequency ⁇ c and the phase reference frequency ⁇ q are large.
- the phase of the feedback filter 204 approaches ⁇ 90 [deg] at the center of the intermediate frequency region as described above, and the phase of the open loop transfer function of the control system is near ⁇ 180 [deg]. If there is a mechanical resonance of the mechanical load 2 at a nearby frequency, oscillation may occur.
- an upper limit value Rmax of the ratio between the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH and the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL is determined in advance, and the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL and the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH are determined as follows.
- ⁇ fL ⁇ L (Formula 16)
- ⁇ fH min (Rmax ⁇ ⁇ L, ⁇ H) (Equation 17)
- min (a, b) used above represents the selection of the smaller value of a and b
- max (a, b) represents the selection of the larger value of a and b.
- FIG. 7 shows the transfer function F (s) of the feedback filter 204 when the control constant setting unit 205 sets the characteristics of the feedback filter 204 using the above (Expression 16) and (Expression 17) according to this embodiment.
- the frequency response of is shown.
- the characteristics of the feedback filter 204 except for the characteristics of the feedback filter 204, exactly the same conditions as those shown in FIG. 3 of the first embodiment are used.
- the case where the speed gain Kv in the amplification compensator 103 is small is indicated by a solid line
- the case where the speed gain Kv is medium is indicated by a chain line
- the case where the speed gain Kv is large is indicated by a dotted line.
- the gain is shown in the upper part of the figure, and the phase is shown in the lower part.
- the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL of the feedback filter 204 that is, the pole is a triangular point and the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH is superimposed on the gain diagram and phase diagram of each condition. That is, the zero point is drawn as a round dot.
- FIG. 8 shows the frequency response of the open loop transfer function of the control system when the mechanical system 3 is an ideal rigid body in the second embodiment, as in FIG. Similarly to FIG. 7, the case where the speed gain Kv in the amplification compensator 103 is small is indicated by a solid line, the case where the speed gain Kv is medium is indicated by a chain line, and the case where the speed gain Kv is large is indicated by a dotted line.
- the phase crossover frequency at which the phase of the open loop transfer function is ⁇ 180 [deg] does not change greatly even if the speed gain Kv is changed, as in the first embodiment.
- the phase is maintained at a margin of about 25 [deg] or more with respect to ⁇ 180 [deg] until a frequency slightly lower than the above-described phase crossover frequency.
- FIG. 8 of the second embodiment is compared with FIG. 4 of the first embodiment, particularly in the case of a solid line with a small speed gain Kv, a large variation occurs in the phase. Further, the gain in the high frequency region in the case of the same solid line is larger than that in the first embodiment shown in FIG. From these facts, it can be seen that the second embodiment is less effective in reducing the high frequency gain when the speed gain Kv is smaller than the first embodiment. This is because, since the feedback filter 204 is first order, it is difficult to have desirable characteristics in a wide frequency region as compared with the case where the feedback filter 104 in the first embodiment is second order.
- the feedback filter 204 is the same as in the first embodiment as compared with the case where the feedback filter 204 is in a direct delivery state where no filter operation is performed or when the feedback filter 204 is replaced with a simple low-pass filter.
- a sufficiently large gain margin can be secured.
- the stability is greater than other systems. You can see that it is kept.
- such stable control characteristics can be realized simply by setting the response parameter Pr input from the outside.
- the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL and the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH are set to the lower reference frequency ⁇ L or the upper side in the calculations of Expressions 16 and 18.
- the calculation was made with the same frequency as the reference frequency ⁇ H.
- the order n is assumed to be 1 in the description of the feedback filter 104 described in the first embodiment, and constants ⁇ p_1 and ⁇ z_1 different from 0 or 1 are set in the relationship of Equation 10 to obtain Equation 11 or
- the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL and the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH may be calculated using Equation 12.
- the control constant setting unit 205 determines that the ratio of the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH to the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL with respect to the increase of the speed gain Kv. Since the speed gain Kv, the filter cut-off frequency ⁇ fL, and the filter upper limit frequency ⁇ fH are set so as to decrease, as in the first embodiment, high-speed and high-precision control is performed for a mechanical system having as wide a characteristic as possible. Can be realized. Further, since it is only necessary to input the response parameter Pr for determining the speed gain Kv as a variable parameter that needs to be set, high-speed and high-precision control can be realized with simple settings.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the motor control apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the configuration of the motor control device 301 of the third embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment except for the control constant setting unit 305 and the control calculation unit 302. Constituent elements similar to those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the feedback filter 104 in the control calculation unit 102 outputs the torque command ⁇ r with the output of the amplification compensation unit 103 as an input
- the feedback in the control calculation unit 302 The filter 304 receives the detection speed vb and outputs the filter speed vbf as an intermediate variable in the control calculation unit 302.
- the control calculation unit 302 includes an amplification compensation unit 303 and a feedback filter 304.
- the feedback filter 304 receives the detection speed vb output from the speed detection unit 5, performs a transfer function calculation exactly the same as that of the feedback filter 104 in the first embodiment, and outputs the filter speed vbf. That is, the following equation is calculated.
- vbf F (s) ⁇ vb (Equation 20)
- Amplification compensator 303 performs the same or similar calculation as the proportional-integral control described in the first embodiment so that filter speed vbf follows speed command vr based on speed command vr and filter speed vbf. Is output as a torque command ⁇ r.
- IP control By performing such a calculation called IP control, an effect of reducing overshoot in the response characteristic of the detected speed vb or the filter speed vbf with respect to the speed command vr can be obtained.
- the response characteristic to the disturbance acting on the mechanical system 3 is exactly the same as when PI control is performed.
- feedback control is performed by the same transfer function as in (Equation 2) in the first embodiment, and the amplification compensation unit 303 in the control calculation unit 302 multiplies the feedback transfer function by the speed gain Kv by the calculation of (Equation 22).
- the feedback filter 304 performs the calculation so as to reduce the gain of the feedback transfer function at a frequency higher than the filter cutoff frequency ⁇ fL.
- control constant setting unit 305 performs exactly the same operation as the control constant setting unit 105 of the first embodiment, so that the response characteristic with respect to the disturbance acting on the mechanical system 3 depends on the response parameter Pr. 1 can be set in exactly the same way.
- the third embodiment has the same effect as the second embodiment. It goes without saying that it is obtained.
- the feedback filter 304 is placed in front of the amplification compensator 303, as in the first embodiment, a high-speed mechanical system having as wide a characteristic as possible is used. Highly accurate control can be realized. Further, since it is only necessary to input the response parameter Pr for determining the speed gain Kv as a variable parameter that needs to be set, high-speed and high-precision control can be realized with simple settings.
- the motor control device is suitable for application to a motor control device that controls the speed and position of the motor.
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Abstract
Description
図1は本発明の実施の形態1にかかるモータ制御装置の全体構成を表すブロック図である。モータ制御装置101は外部から入力された動作指令である速度指令vrと、エンコーダ等の動作検出器(図示せず)を用いて検出したモータ1の動作(速度)vmと、外部からの入力により設定された応答パラメータPrに基づいて、モータ1の動作が動作指令に追従するようにモータ1にトルク(駆動力)τmを発生させる。またモータ1はトルクτmを発生することで、モータ1とモータ1に結合された機械負荷2とから構成される機械系3を駆動する。なお、以降ではモータ1を回転型モータとしてトルク等の回転系の用語を使用するが、特にモータ1を回転型に限定するものではなく、推力(駆動力)を発生するリニアモータでも良い。
次に、増幅補償部103と帰還フィルタ104から構成される制御演算部102の演算処理内容について説明する。
τc= Kv・{1+(ωi/s)}(vr-vb) (式1)
τr/vb = -F(s)・Kv{(s+Kpi)/s} (式2)
次に、本発明によるモータ制御装置101が駆動する機械系3と、トルク制御部4および速度検出部5の一般的な特性について説明する。ここで、検出速度vbに基づいてトルク指令τrの演算を行う制御演算部102は、駆動する機械系3の特性に応じて演算特性を設定されるが、トルク制御部4および速度検出部5の特性は、通常は機械系3の特性に依存しない一定の特性として構成される。そこで、トルク指令τrから検出速度vbまでの特性、すなわちトルク制御部4と機械系3と速度検出部5とを併せた部分を制御対象と呼ぶ。
次に本実施の形態1による帰還フィルタ104の構成の詳細について説明する。帰還フィルタ104は分母と分子が所定の同じ次数n(nは1以上の整数)の伝達関数を持たせたものである。すなわちそれぞれn次のsの多項式で表される分母多項式Df(s)と分子多項式Nf(s)とを用いて次式の伝達関数で表される演算を行う。
F(s)=Nf(s)/Df(s) (式3)
Df(s)={(1/ωp_1)s+1}…{(1/ωp_n)s+1} (式4)
Nf(s)={(1/ωz_1)s+1}…{(1/ωz_n)s+1} (式5)
ωfL=ωp_1<ωz_1<…<ωp_n<ωz_n=ωfH (式6)
Gh =(ωz_1…ωz_n)/(ωp_1…ωp_n) (式7)
次に、制御定数設定部105の動作の概略について説明する。制御定数設定部105は外部から応答パラメータPrが入力される。この応答パラメータPrは、速度指令vrに対して検出速度vbを一致させるよう動作するモータ制御装置101の応答速度を設定するパラメータであり、応答速度を表す周波数やその逆数の時定数といった連続的な数値や、大/中/小といった段階的なパラメータのどちらでもよい。この応答パラメータPrは、モータ制御装置101を利用する用途や駆動する機械系3の特性に応じ、制御系の安定性や所望の応答速度を考慮して決定されるものである。なお、速度ゲインKvそのものが応答パラメータPrとして入力されるようにしてもよい。
次に、上記で概略動作を述べた制御定数設定部105による帰還フィルタ104の設定に関する詳細を説明する。制御定数設定部105は上述した位相基準周波数ωqに所定の定数rHを乗じた上側基準周波数ωHを計算する。ここで定数rHは概ね0.2~1の範囲の定数である。また位相基準周波数ωqおよび定数rHは予め定めておけばよいため、上側基準周波数ωH自体を予め定めておいてもよい。また制御定数設定部105は入力された応答パラメータPrに応じて定まるゲイン交差周波数ωcに、予め定めた定数rLを乗じた下側基準周波数ωLを計算する。定数rLは概ね1~5の範囲とする。すなわち以下の式で上側基準周波数ωHと下側基準周波数ωLを計算する。
ωH=rH・ωq (式8)
ωL=rL・ωc (式9)
0≦αp_1<αz_1<…<αp_n<αz_n≦1 (式10)
ωp_i={ωL^(1-αp_i)}・ωH^(αp_i) (式11)
ωz_i={ωL^(1-αz_i)}・ωH^(αz_i) (式12)
F(s)=1/(s^k) (式13)
次に、本実施の形態のモータ制御装置101による制御を、数値を用いて具体的に説明する。図3は本実施の形態による帰還フィルタ104の伝達関数F(s)の周波数応答を示す。本具体例では帰還フィルタ104の次数nを2としている。図では、ある機械負荷2をモータ1に接続した状態において、応答パラメータPrの変更に基づく制御定数設定部105の動作により、増幅補償部103における速度ゲインKvが異なる値に設定された3通りの場合を示す。速度ゲインKvが小さい場合を実線で、速度ゲインKvが中程度の場合を鎖線で、速度ゲインKvが大きい場合を点線で示している。図の上段にゲインを、下段に位相を示しており、さらに、各条件のゲイン線図、位相線図に重ねて、帰還フィルタ104の極ωp_iを三角点で、零点ωz_iを丸点で描画している。上述のように、最小の極ωz_1がフィルタ遮断周波数ωfLで、最大の零点ωz_2がフィルタ上限周波数ωfHである。
0=αp_1<αz_1<αp_2<αz_2<1 (式14)
実施の形態1では、帰還フィルタ104を2次の構成としたが、より簡単に1次としても、類似した効果を得るモータ制御装置として実現可能である。図6は実施の形態2にかかるモータ制御装置の構成図である。なお、実施の形態2のモータ制御装置201の構成は、制御定数設定部205および制御演算部202を除いて実施の形態1と同様である。実施の形態1と同様の構成要素については同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
次に、帰還フィルタ204の演算処理内容について説明する。帰還フィルタ204は、実施の形態1と同様な増幅補償部103が出力した補償トルクτcを入力とする。そして制御定数設定部205で設定するフィルタ遮断周波数ωfLおよびフィルタ上限周波数ωfHを用い、フィルタ遮断周波数ωfLより高周波数のゲインを相対的に低減するよう、次式で表す1次フィルタの演算F(s)を行った結果をトルク指令τrとして出力する。すなわち帰還フィルタ204はフィルタ遮断周波数ωfLを極、フィルタ上限周波数ωfHを零点とする1次フィルタである。
F(s)={(s/ωfH)+1}/{(s/ωfL)+1} (式15)
次に、制御定数設定部205の動作について説明する。制御定数設定部205は実施の形態1と同様に、外部から入力された応答パラメータPrに基づいて、モータ制御装置201の応答速度をより速く設定する場合は、制御演算部202の増幅補償部103における速度ゲインKvをより大きく設定する。また増幅補償部103における積分時定数の逆数ωiを実施の形態1と同様に設定する。それと同時に、速度ゲインKvの増大に伴って上記の帰還フィルタ204のフィルタ遮断周波数ωfLとフィルタ上限周波数ωfHを以下のように設定する。
ωfL=ωL (式16)
ωfH=min(Rmax・ωL,ωH) (式17)
ωfH=ωH (式18)
ωfL=max(ωH/Rmax,ωL) (式19)
図7に、本実施の形態により制御定数設定部205が上記の(式16)、(式17)を用いて帰還フィルタ204の特性を設定した場合の、帰還フィルタ204の伝達関数F(s)の周波数応答を示す。本具体例では、帰還フィルタ204の特性以外は実施の形態1の図3に示した場合と全く同じ条件を用いている。増幅補償部103における速度ゲインKvが小さい場合を実線で、速度ゲインKvが中程度の場合を鎖線で、速度ゲインKvが大きい場合を点線で示している。図の上段にゲインを、下段に位相を示しており、さらに、各条件のゲイン線図、位相線図に重ねて、帰還フィルタ204のフィルタ遮断周波数ωfLすなわち極を三角点で、フィルタ上限周波数ωfHすなわち零点を丸点で描画している。
図9は本発明の実施の形態3にかかるモータ制御装置の構成を示すブロック図である。なお、実施の形態3のモータ制御装置301の構成は、制御定数設定部305および制御演算部302を除いて実施の形態1と同様である。実施の形態1と同様の構成要素については同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
vbf = F(s)・vb (式20)
τr = Kv・{(ωi/s)(vr-vbf)-vbf} (式21)
τr/vb = -Kv{(s+Kpi)/s}・F(s) (式22)
2 機械負荷
3 機械系
4 トルク(駆動力)制御部
5 速度検出部
101、201、301 モータ制御装置
102、202、302 制御演算部
103、303 増幅補償部
104、204、304 帰還フィルタ
105、205、305 制御定数設定部
Claims (7)
- 制御対象が備えるモータを駆動するモータ制御装置であって、
前記モータの動作速度を検出し、検出速度を出力する速度検出部と、
前記検出速度が速度指令に追従するように前記モータに対する駆動力指令を演算する制御演算部と、
前記制御演算部の内部において、前記検出速度から前記駆動力指令までの伝達関数である帰還伝達関数に速度ゲインKvを乗じる演算を行う増幅補償部と、
フィルタ遮断周波数以下の周波数では周波数応答ゲインが概ね1で、前記フィルタ遮断周波数から前記フィルタ遮断周波数より大きいフィルタ上限周波数までは周波数の増大に対して周波数応答ゲインが低下し、前記フィルタ上限周波数以上の周波数では周波数応答ゲインが概ね一定のフィルタ特性を備え、前記制御演算部の内部において、前記帰還伝達関数に前記フィルタ特性を作用させる演算を行う帰還フィルタと、
外部からの入力に基づいて前記速度ゲインKvと、前記フィルタ遮断周波数および前記フィルタ上限周波数の少なくとも一方とを設定する制御定数設定部と、
前記モータの駆動力が前記駆動力指令に一致するように前記モータを駆動する駆動力制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御定数設定部は、前記速度ゲインKvの増大に対して前記フィルタ上限周波数の前記フィルタ遮断周波数に対する比が小さくなるように、前記速度ゲインKvと、前記フィルタ遮断周波数および前記フィルタ上限周波数の少なくとも一方とを設定する、
ことを特徴とするモータ制御装置。 - 前記制御定数設定部は、前記速度ゲインKvを前記制御対象のイナーシャ値で除した値に対応するゲイン交差周波数ωcに基づいて前記フィルタ遮断周波数を設定する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモータ制御装置。 - 前記制御定数設定部は、前記駆動力制御部と前記速度検出部との間で生じる位相遅れが概ね90[deg]となる位相基準周波数ωqに基づいて前記フィルタ上限周波数を設定する、
ことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のモータ制御装置。 - 前記帰還フィルタはn個(n≧1)の極および前記極と同じ数の零点を備え、
前記制御定数設定部は、前記フィルタ遮断周波数が絶対値が最小の極に、前記フィルタ上限周波数が絶対値が最大の零点になるように、前記帰還フィルタが備える夫々n個の極および零点を設定する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモータ制御装置。 - nは2以上の値であって、
前記制御定数設定部は、絶対値が小さいほうから順番に極と零点とが交互になるように前記帰還フィルタが備える極および零点を設定する、
ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載のモータ制御装置。 - 前記制御定数設定部は、下側基準周波数ωLと、前記下側基準周波数ωLよりも大きい値である上側基準周波数ωHと、
0≦αp_1<αz_1<…<αp_n<αz_n≦1
を満たす予め定義されている夫々n個の定数αp、αzと、を用いて、絶対値が小さい方からi番目の極ωp_iおよび絶対値が小さい方からi番目の零点ωz_iを、
ωp_i={ωL^(1-αp_i)}・ωH^(αp_i)
ωz_i={ωL^(1-αz_i)}・ωH^(αz_i)
の式に従って算出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載のモータ制御装置。 - αp_i、αz_iは、夫々、所定の整数に1/2を0回または1回以上乗じて得られる値である、
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載のモータ制御装置。
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