WO2012046580A1 - 排ガス浄化装置及びその温度制御方法 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化装置及びその温度制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012046580A1 WO2012046580A1 PCT/JP2011/071641 JP2011071641W WO2012046580A1 WO 2012046580 A1 WO2012046580 A1 WO 2012046580A1 JP 2011071641 W JP2011071641 W JP 2011071641W WO 2012046580 A1 WO2012046580 A1 WO 2012046580A1
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- combustion
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- exhaust gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
- F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
- F23G7/065—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
- F23G7/066—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel preheating the waste gas by the heat of the combustion, e.g. recuperation type incinerator
- F23G7/068—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel preheating the waste gas by the heat of the combustion, e.g. recuperation type incinerator using regenerative heat recovery means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
- Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification apparatus for purifying exhaust gas containing flammable harmful components and a temperature control method thereof.
- VOC volatile organic compounds
- This exhaust gas purifying apparatus includes, for example, a plurality of heat storage chambers having an air supply port and an exhaust port to which a pair of air supply and exhaust valves are attached and a heat storage body. Combustion chambers communicated above the heat storage chambers.
- the exhaust gas purification processing operation is performed by switching and operating the exhaust gas supply / exhaust by the supply / exhaust valve of the heat storage chamber.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification apparatus and a temperature control method thereof capable of performing an appropriate purification treatment operation by preventing a decrease in combustion chamber temperature and an abnormal increase in exhaust gas exhaust temperature.
- the present invention is an exhaust gas purifying device for purifying exhaust gas containing a flammable toxic component, each of which has a heat storage body and a set of air supply / exhaust ports.
- a plurality of heat storage chambers provided, a combustion chamber formed in communication above the plurality of heat storage chambers, and intake / exhaust air to the heat storage chambers attached to the air supply / exhaust ports of each of the heat storage chambers
- Exhaust / intake valve for switching, heating burner provided in the combustion chamber, heat exhaust damper for exhausting excess heat from the combustion chamber, and ignition / extinguishing of the heating burner based on the combustion chamber temperature, as well as heat exhaust
- a control means for controlling the temperature of the combustion chamber so that the combustion chamber temperature becomes a set value (SP) by adjusting the opening of the damper.
- SP set value
- the control means determines whether or not the early combustion in which the exhaust gas is heated to a temperature higher than the self-combustion temperature and combusts before reaching the combustion chamber when passing through the heat storage body.
- an early combustion countermeasure operation for forcibly opening the heat discharge damper and extinguishing the heating burner is executed, and when it is determined that early combustion is not performed thereafter, the early combustion countermeasure operation is canceled. It is possible to prevent a decrease in the combustion chamber temperature and an abnormal increase in the exhaust gas temperature caused by the early combustion, and thus an appropriate purification treatment operation can be performed.
- the present invention preferably further includes a combustion chamber temperature sensor attached to the combustion chamber for detecting the temperature of the combustion chamber, an intake air temperature sensor for detecting an intake air temperature attached to each of the intake and exhaust ports of the heat storage chamber, and an exhaust gas.
- An exhaust temperature sensor for detecting the temperature is provided, and the control means includes a combustion chamber temperature (t1), an intake air temperature (t2), and an exhaust gas temperature (t3) detected by the combustion chamber temperature sensor, the intake air temperature sensor, and the exhaust gas temperature sensor, respectively.
- t1 combustion confirmation SP
- t3 ⁇ t2 early combustion confirmation temperature difference SP
- the control means can determine early combustion accurately and easily based on the combustion chamber temperature (t1), the supply air temperature (t2), and the exhaust gas temperature (t3). Furthermore, it is possible to accurately and easily determine that the combustion is not early combustion based on the combustion chamber temperature (t1) or the supply air temperature (t2) / exhaust temperature (t3).
- the present invention preferably, it further includes a combustion chamber temperature sensor attached to the combustion chamber for detecting the temperature of the combustion chamber, a heat storage chamber temperature sensor attached to the heat storage chamber for detecting the temperature of the heat storage chamber, and the control means includes the combustion chamber.
- the combustion chamber temperature (t1) and the thermal storage chamber temperature (t4) detected by the temperature sensor and the thermal storage chamber temperature sensor are (e) t1 ⁇ early combustion confirmation SP, (f) t1 ⁇ t4 ⁇ early combustion confirmation temperature difference SP.
- the control means can accurately and easily determine early combustion based on the combustion chamber temperature (t1) and the heat storage chamber temperature (t4). From t1) or the heat storage chamber temperature (t4), it can be determined accurately and easily that it is not early combustion. According to the present invention, since the early combustion and the early combustion release are determined based on the heat storage chamber temperature, the early combustion countermeasure process and the early combustion release process can be performed more quickly.
- the early combustion cancellation confirmation SP is higher than the early combustion confirmation SP, and the early combustion cancellation confirmation temperature difference SP is lower than the early combustion confirmation temperature difference SP.
- the early combustion release confirmation SP is set higher than the early combustion confirmation SP, and the early combustion release confirmation temperature difference SP is set lower than the early combustion confirmation temperature difference SP. Can be easily suppressed.
- the present invention preferably further includes an outside air intake damper attached to the outside air intake port of the exhaust gas supply pipe connected to each air supply port of the heat storage chamber, and the control means is configured to When the exhaust damper is forcibly opened, the outside air intake damper is also forcibly opened. When the early combustion countermeasure operation is canceled, the outside air intake damper is forcibly closed, and then the heating burner is ignited.
- the control means forcibly opens the outside air intake damper and takes in outside air (cold air) at the time of performing the early combustion countermeasure operation, so that the flow velocity in the heat storage body on the intake side is accelerated, It is possible to reduce the temperature of the heat storage body in a short time and suppress an increase in the exhaust gas temperature.
- the present invention relates to a temperature control method for an exhaust gas purifying device for purifying exhaust gas containing a flammable toxic component, wherein the exhaust gas purifying device is provided with a heat storage body in each, and a pair of air supply / exhaust ports is provided.
- a plurality of heat storage chambers provided, a combustion chamber formed in communication above the plurality of heat storage chambers, and intake / exhaust air to the heat storage chambers attached to the air supply / exhaust ports of each of the heat storage chambers
- An exhaust / intake valve for switching, a heating burner provided in the combustion chamber, and a heat exhaust damper that exhausts excess heat from the combustion chamber, and the temperature control method of the exhaust gas purification device is based on the combustion chamber temperature, The process of igniting and extinguishing the heating burner and adjusting the opening degree of the heat exhaust damper to control the temperature so that the combustion chamber temperature becomes a set value (SP), and the self-combustion temperature when the exhaust gas passes through the regenerator Combustion before reaching the combustion chamber after raising the temperature above If it is determined whether the combustion is early combustion, and if it is determined that it is early combustion, an early combustion countermeasure operation for forcibly opening the heat exhaust damper and extinguishing the heating burner is executed, and thereafter it is determined that the combustion is not early combustion
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus and the temperature control method thereof of the present invention it is possible to perform an appropriate purification operation by preventing a decrease in the combustion chamber temperature and an abnormal increase in the exhaust gas temperature of the exhaust gas.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an exhaust gas purification apparatus (two-column type) according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a flowchart showing a preheating step in the operation of the exhaust gas purifying apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2B is a flowchart showing a steady processing operation process in the operation of the exhaust gas purification apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2C is a flowchart showing the early combustion countermeasure process incorporated in the steady operation process in the operation of the exhaust gas purification apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an exhaust gas purification apparatus (two-column type) according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a flowchart showing a preheating step in the operation of the exhaust gas purifying apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2B is a flowchart showing a steady processing operation process in the operation of the exhaust gas purification apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2C is a flowchart
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the degree of opening of the damper and the combustion chamber temperature (t1) when the heat exhaust damper is proportionally controlled to the target SP of the combustion chamber temperature in the exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. FIG. 4 is an overall configuration diagram showing another example (three tower type) of an exhaust gas purification apparatus to which the present invention is applicable.
- FIG. 5 is an overall configuration diagram showing another example of the exhaust gas purifying apparatus to which the present invention can be applied (rotation switching valve type).
- FIG. 6 is an overall configuration diagram showing an exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an early combustion countermeasure process incorporated in a steady operation process (FIG. 2B) in the operation of the exhaust gas purification apparatus shown in FIG.
- set value target value
- SP Set Point
- FIG. 1 shows a two-column exhaust gas purification apparatus 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- This exhaust gas purification apparatus 1 includes a plurality of heat storage chambers 13 (two in the illustrated example) in which a heat storage body 11 is provided, and a combustion chamber formed in communication with the plurality of heat storage chambers 13 and 13. 15.
- the heat storage body 11 is honeycomb ceramics.
- the heat storage chamber 13 is provided with an air supply port 21 and an exhaust port 23, and air supply / exhaust valves 17 and 19 are attached to the air supply port 21 and the exhaust port 23. These air supply / exhaust valves 17 and 19 are poppet dampers. Further, the combustion chamber 15 is provided with a heating burner 25, further provided with a surplus heat exhaust port 29, and a heat exhaust damper 27 is attached to the surplus heat exhaust port 29.
- the supply side (side to which the gas to be treated is supplied) and the exhaust side (processed gas) of the heat storage chambers 13 and 13 are supplied by the supply / exhaust valves 17 and 19 every predetermined time. Is switched to the side where the gas is discharged).
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus is not limited to this, and the inlet / outlet temperature (supply / exhaust) The temperature of the gas to be measured is measured by a temperature sensor, and the operation may be performed by switching the supply / exhaust of the heat storage chamber based on the temperature).
- An exhaust gas supply pipe 31 is branchedly connected to each air supply port 21, and a purified gas discharge pipe 32 is joined to each exhaust port 23, and a downstream side of the purified gas discharge pipe 32 is a purified gas exhaust duct. 33.
- an air blower 35 is provided on the upstream side of the branch portion of the exhaust gas supply pipe 31, and an outside air intake port 39 including an outside air intake damper 37 is further provided on the upstream side.
- the outside air inlet 39 may be directly formed on the downstream side of the exhaust gas supply pipe 31, but is connected via the filter box 41 in the present embodiment.
- the filter box 41 is for removing dust in the exhaust gas and relaxing pressure fluctuations using the filter resistance.
- the above-described outside air intake port 39 and surplus heat exhaust port 29 reduce the heat load in the preheating process and the heat recovery (heat storage) process of the heat storage body 11 on the air supply side and the exhaust side before and after the combustion process in the exhaust gas purification device 1. It is provided to make it.
- the upstream side of the exhaust gas supply pipe 31 is connected to each exhaust gas generation source (for example, a coating device) G1 to G5 in a manifold manner via an exhaust gas cutoff damper (open / close valve) 43.
- the air release damper 45 is used for urgently releasing exhaust gas when an abnormality occurs in the apparatus and the apparatus is stopped.
- the outline of the operation of the above-described heat storage combustion type exhaust gas purification apparatus 1 is as follows. First, the processing gas decomposed at a high temperature of 800 ° C. or higher passes through the heat storage body 11 and is cooled to near room temperature and exhausted. Next, the flow of the exhaust gas is switched by the air supply / exhaust valves 17 and 19. Next, the newly sucked exhaust gas passes through the heated heat accumulator 11 and is heated to near 800 ° C. and enters the combustion chamber 15, so that it is burned and decomposed with a slight additional energy. If the VOC concentration in the exhaust gas is above a certain level, it becomes a self-combustion state, and the generated energy can be effectively used for a waste heat boiler or the like.
- the present inventors have solved the above-mentioned “problem that the temperature of the combustion chamber of the exhaust gas purifying device may decrease and the exhaust temperature of the purified gas may abnormally increase due to connection with a plurality of exhaust gas generation sources”.
- the process gas is in a low air volume / high concentration state, there is a solution to prevent a decrease in the temperature of the combustion chamber of the exhaust gas purification device (ignition of an inevitable heating burner) and an abnormal increase in the exhaust temperature.
- ignition of an inevitable heating burner ignition of an inevitable heating burner
- the above-mentioned problems occur due to “early combustion (intermediate combustion)” of exhaust gas.
- “early combustion” means that the amount of treated air is reduced, the passing speed of the heat storage body is slowed, and the exhaust gas is heated to a temperature higher than the self-combustion temperature in the middle of the heat storage body and is too early before reaching the combustion chamber. A phenomenon that burns.
- the heat of the combustion gas is exchanged in the second half of the heat accumulator on the supply side, so the temperature of the combustion gas drops and reaches the combustion chamber. That is, the combustion gas (gas to be treated (VOC or the like)) originally combusted in the combustion chamber starts early combustion at the heat storage portion. Thereby, the heat generated by the combustion is absorbed by the heat storage body. Therefore, when the gas reaches the combustion chamber, the amount of heat generated by the combustion of the gas to be treated does not appear as a temperature in the combustion chamber, and a phenomenon that “the combustion chamber temperature becomes equal to or lower than the ignition SP” occurs as described later. To do. As a result, the following problems 1 to 3 are likely to occur.
- the inventors have come up with an exhaust gas purifying apparatus and a temperature control method thereof suitable when the processing gas is in a low air volume and high concentration state, such as when connecting to a plurality of exhaust gas generation sources.
- a temperature control method thereof suitable when the processing gas is in a low air volume and high concentration state, such as when connecting to a plurality of exhaust gas generation sources.
- the exhaust gas purification device 1 includes a first temperature detector T1 that detects the combustion chamber temperature, a second temperature detector T2 that detects the supply air temperature, and a third temperature detector T3 that detects the exhaust gas temperature. Since these temperature detectors T1, T2, and T3 have a detection temperature as high as at least 650 ° C., a thermocouple is usually used.
- detection signals from the first, second, and third temperature detectors T1, T2, and T3 are input to a microcomputer (MC) input unit. Further, although not shown, an ON signal of each exhaust gas generation source is also input to the MC input unit. Further, the heating burner 25, the heat exhaust damper 27, and the outside air intake damper 37 can be opened and closed by an operation signal from the MC output section. As will be described in detail later, the opening degree of the heat exhaust damper 27 can be adjusted by proportional control.
- the single heat exhaust damper 27 performs both the proportional control of the combustion chamber temperature and the early combustion countermeasure control, but two heat exhaust dampers are provided. These may be controlled separately. Furthermore, the heat exhaust damper 27 may be provided not on the side wall of the combustion chamber but on the ceiling wall.
- the air release damper 45 and the exhaust gas cutoff damper 43 provided in the exhaust gas supply pipe 31 are closed, the outside air intake damper 37 is opened, and one heat storage chamber 13 (see FIG. In the example, the supply valve 17 on the left side is opened, the exhaust valve 19 is closed, the supply valve 17 in the other heat storage chamber 13 (right side in the figure) is closed, the exhaust valve 19 is opened, and the heat exhaust damper 27 is further opened. Also keep it closed.
- Operation preparation (preheating) step (FIG. 2 (A)): The microcomputer (MC) is initialized and reset (S100), and the air supply / exhaust switching operation is started (S101). In this operation, air supply / exhaust switching is performed every set time. This set time is 45 to 90 seconds, although it varies depending on the type of exhaust gas.
- the blower 35 is started (S102) and the heating burner 25 is ignited (S103).
- the combustion chamber temperature t1 satisfies t1 ⁇ preheating completion SP (650 to 850 ° C.) in the preheating completion determination step (S104)
- the preheating process is completed and the next processing operation (steady state).
- the heat storage bodies 11 and 11 are stored (preheated) to a temperature at which the supply air can be heated.
- a temperature required for the component decomposition of the VOC contained in the exhaust gas a temperature 200 to 300 ° C. higher than the target component ignition point temperature
- the temperature setting value (SP) or the like is manually input to the MC storage device as appropriate.
- each setting temperature (SP) in Table 1 the height comparison of each temperature setting SP is shown in the column.
- Exhaust gas purification treatment operation (FIG. 2 (B): 1) Processing operation (steady state) Subsequent to the preheating step, in response to a signal for starting operation of a gas generation source facility (for example, a coating apparatus) (START), the exhaust gas cutoff damper 43 of the selected gas generation source facility is opened (S105) and the outside air intake damper 37 is closed (S106).
- a gas generation source facility for example, a coating apparatus
- the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas supply pipe 31 is heat-exchanged by the heat storage body 11 on the supply side (left side), and after being heated, is purified by combustion in the combustion chamber 15. Further, the heat storage body 11 on the exhaust side (right side) cools by heat exchange and is discharged from the exhaust port 23 through the purified gas discharge pipe 32 to the atmosphere.
- This burner fire extinguishing SP is normally set to a temperature at which the exhaust gas can self-combust (self-combustion without heating assistance).
- t1 rises and satisfies the condition equal to or higher than the proportional control start SP (780 to 920 ° C.) in the proportional control start determination step (S109)
- t1 is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the heat exhaust damper 27.
- proportional control is performed so as to achieve the target SP (800 to 950 ° C.) (S111).
- the combustion chamber temperature t1 rises as self-combustion continues.
- the combustion chamber temperature t1 is set to the target SP (target temperature), and the opening degree of the heat exhaust damper 27 is adjusted (0 to 100%).
- Proportional control is performed.
- the heat exhaust damper 27 has an opening of 50% at the target SP, and is fully opened (opening of 100%) within the adjustment SP + side deviation (target value temperature + 20 ° C.), and the adjustment SP ⁇ side deviation.
- the opening is adjusted in proportion to the temperature difference from the target value so that the valve is fully closed (opening 0%) when the temperature is less than the target value (target temperature –20 ° C).
- proportional temperature control means a predetermined temperature range (here, a range of 40 ° C.) so that the “combustion chamber temperature” becomes the “set value (target value temperature)” as described above. ) Means control performed proportionally by adjusting the opening degree of the heat exhaust damper 27 (adjusting the opening degree according to the temperature difference with respect to the “set value” of the “combustion chamber temperature”).
- the “set value (SP)” and “temperature range” are not limited to this.
- the temperature control is not limited to the above-described proportional temperature control, and may be integral control, differential control, and PID control that is a combination of these control methods.
- the combustion chamber temperature (t1), the supply air temperature (t2), and the exhaust temperature (t3) (A) t1 ⁇ early combustion confirmation SP (700 ⁇ 880 °C) (B) t3 ⁇ t2 ⁇ early combustion confirmation temperature difference SP (30 to 180 ° C.) If both conditions are satisfied (S201, S202) and this state is maintained for a certain time (10 to 120 seconds) (S203), it is determined that early combustion has occurred. At this time, if the burner is igniting (S204-1), the burner is extinguished (S204-2), and the heat exhaust damper 27 is opened at the set opening (S205).
- the set opening degree of the heat exhaust damper 27 is usually in a range of 10 to 70%, and is an optimum value obtained from an experiment according to the type of exhaust gas. On the other hand, if the burner is extinguished (S204-1), the heat exhaust damper 27 is opened at the set opening as it is (S205).
- the outside air intake damper is forcibly opened (S302).
- the opening degree of the outside air intake damper 37 is set to the optimum opening degree obtained from the experiment according to the type of exhaust gas based on the processable air volume of the apparatus. If the outside air intake damper does not have an opening adjustment function, the air volume is adjusted by increasing the frequency of the blower 35.
- burner ignition determination step S210 if t1 ⁇ burner reignition SP (700 to 850 ° C.) is not satisfied, the process directly returns to step S201 of the early combustion countermeasure operation.
- the process proceeds to the early combustion countermeasure forced release confirmation determination step (S212).
- the process proceeds to the early combustion countermeasure forced release confirmation determination step (S212).
- t1 ⁇ forced release temperature SP 600 to 700 ° C.
- the heat exhaust damper 27 is fully closed (S213), the burner is ignited (S214), and then a predetermined time (10 to 60 minutes).
- a predetermined time 10 to 60 minutes.
- the outside air intake damper is closed (S303-2) before the heating burner is ignited (S214).
- the early combustion release confirmation SP is set higher than the early combustion confirmation SP (for example, 20 to 50 ° C.), and the early combustion release confirmation temperature difference SP is set lower than the early combustion confirmation temperature SP (10 to 30 ° C.).
- the early combustion cancellation confirmation SP and the early combustion confirmation SP are the same, and the early combustion cancellation confirmation temperature difference SP is the same as the early combustion confirmation temperature difference SP, an increase in the exhaust gas temperature due to early combustion of the exhaust gas purification apparatus can be suppressed to some extent.
- the end of the exhaust gas purification treatment operation is to close the heat exhaust damper 27 and extinguish the burner 25, open the outside air intake damper 37, close the exhaust gas cutoff damper 43 and stop the blower 35. Do.
- the first embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the two-column exhaust gas purification device as shown in FIG. 1, but a large number of heat storage elements such as a three-column type, a four-column type, and a five-column type as shown in FIG. It can also be applied to a multi-tower type exhaust gas purification device having The first embodiment of the present invention is not limited to a multi-column exhaust gas purification device, and can also be applied to a rotary switching valve type exhaust gas purification device using a rotary switching valve 24 as shown in FIG. In each of these drawings, corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- one or a plurality of chambers are not used as an air supply chamber / exhaust chamber, but are operated as a purge chamber for purging the heat accumulator 11 in which exhaust gas remains. It is desirable. Purging here means replacing the exhaust gas remaining in the heat accumulator 11 with a clarified gas (purge gas).
- the two towers are used as the supply chamber and the exhaust chamber as in the conventional case, and the remaining one tower is used as the purge chamber.
- the gas flow paths are sequentially switched by the dampers 21 and 23.
- purging uses the purified exhaust gas as a purge gas, and the exhaust gas discharged by the purge from the heat accumulator 11 is returned to the apparatus inlet (filter box 41) through the return pipe 22.
- the purge gas may be set to the atmosphere
- the return pipe 22 may be a purge gas blowing pipe
- a blower (not shown) may be connected to the pipe, and purge may be performed by blowing the purge gas into the heat storage body 11.
- the rotation switching valve type purification apparatus shown in FIG. 5 assigns three towers out of the eight towers to the supply chamber 13A and the exhaust chamber 13B, and the remaining two towers to the purge chamber 13C and the non-use chamber 13D.
- the rotary switching valve 24 is operated by switching to the forward feed in the same manner as described above.
- the purifying operation is performed by providing the purge chamber, since the purged heat storage element 11 is used as the exhaust heat storage element 11, the peak concentration of the outflow of untreated gas when the damper is switched is exhibited. It becomes easy to ensure the purification performance of the exhaust gas containing flammable harmful components such as VOC. Of course, a purification operation without a purge chamber is also possible.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to the present embodiment is not limited to the one having a large number of suction cutoff dampers 43 as shown in FIGS. 1, 4, and 5. Since the concentration may change, the present invention can be applied regardless of the number of suction cutoff dampers 43 on the gas supply side.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus 1 includes a plurality of heat storage chambers 13 each provided with a heat storage body 11 and provided with a pair of air supply / exhaust ports 21 and 23, and these.
- a combustion chamber 15 formed in communication with the plurality of heat storage chambers, and an exhaust for switching intake / exhaust to the heat storage chamber 13 attached to each of the air supply / exhaust ports 21 and 23 of the heat storage chamber 15
- MC microcomputer
- microcomputer ignites and extinguishes the heating burner based on the combustion chamber temperature t1, and adjusts the opening degree of the heat exhaust damper 27 so that the combustion chamber temperature t1 becomes the set value (SP). Proportional temperature control is performed.
- the microcomputer (MC) is an early combustion in which the exhaust gas is heated up to the self-combustion temperature and combusted before reaching the combustion chamber 15 when the exhaust gas passes through the heat storage body 11. If it is determined whether or not it is early combustion, an early combustion countermeasure operation for forcibly opening the heat discharge damper 27 and extinguishing the heating burner 15 is executed. Since the countermeasure operation is released, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the combustion chamber temperature and an abnormal increase in the exhaust gas temperature due to early combustion.
- the heat exhaust damper 27 when the microcomputer (MC) satisfies both the relational expressions (a) and (b), the heat exhaust damper 27 is forcibly opened and the burner is extinguished early.
- the heat exhaust damper is fully closed and the control is performed so that the early combustion countermeasure cancellation operation is performed. Therefore, it is possible to accurately and easily determine that the combustion is early combustion, and execute the early combustion countermeasure operation.
- the combustion chamber temperature drop and the exhaust gas temperature rise are monitored, and when these temperatures reach the set values, the heat exhaust damper 27 is opened to reduce the gas flow rate flowing through the exhaust-side heat accumulator. As a result, the amount of heat stored in the heat storage body is reduced, thereby suppressing an abnormal increase in the exhaust gas temperature.
- the number of stoppages of the purification treatment operation and unnecessary ignition of the heating burner can be suppressed, and the amount of fuel used by the combustion chamber heating burner can also be suppressed.
- this embodiment can be implemented only by changing the temperature sensor and the control program without modifying the exhaust gas purification device itself. Become.
- the exhaust gas purification apparatus by taking cold air forcibly from the outside air intake damper installed on the upstream side of the apparatus and increasing the amount of gas air, further abnormal situations such as early combustion, etc. Can be eliminated in a short time.
- an appropriate purification treatment operation is realized by preventing a decrease in the combustion chamber temperature and an abnormal increase in the purification gas exhaust temperature. Can do.
- FIG. 2 (A), 2 (B), 6 and 7. an exhaust gas purifying apparatus and its temperature control method according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 (A), 2 (B), 6 and 7.
- FIG. 2 (t4) instead of the supply air temperature (t2) and the exhaust gas temperature (t3) in the first embodiment described above.
- t4 the heat storage chamber temperature
- t3 the exhaust gas temperature
- the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus 501 includes a plurality of heat storage chambers 13 (two in the example) in which the heat storage body 11 is installed, and the plurality of heat storage chambers. And a combustion chamber 15 formed in communication with the chambers 13 and 13.
- the heat storage chamber 13 has an air supply port 21 and an exhaust port 23 to which air supply / exhaust valves 17 and 19 are attached.
- the combustion chamber 15 has a heating burner 25 and a surplus heat exhaust port 29 to which a heat exhaust damper 27 is attached. The operation is performed by switching between the supply side and the exhaust side of the heat storage chambers 13 and 13 by the supply / exhaust valves 17 and 19 every elapse of a predetermined time.
- the exhaust gas purification device 501 includes an exhaust gas supply pipe 31, a purified gas discharge pipe 32, a purified gas exhaust duct 33, a blower 35, an outside air intake damper 37, an outside air intake port 39, and a filter box 41. Etc. are provided.
- the exhaust gas purifying device 501 includes a first temperature detector T1 for detecting the combustion chamber temperature and a fourth temperature detector T4 for detecting the heat storage chamber temperature. Since these temperature detectors have a detection temperature as high as at least 650 ° C., a thermocouple is usually used. Similarly to the first temperature detector T1, the detection signal from the fourth temperature detector T4 can also be input to the microcomputer (MC) input unit.
- MC microcomputer
- the temperature control in the purification treatment operation of the exhaust gas purification apparatus 501 is performed according to the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 2 (A), 2 (B), and 7. That is, in the exhaust gas purifying apparatus 501 according to the second embodiment, the processing of S701, S702, S706, and S707 in FIG. 7 is performed instead of S201, S202, S206, and S207 in FIG. Since steps other than these are performed in the same flow as in the first embodiment, description thereof will be omitted.
- “t4” in the flowchart of FIG. 7 means “thermal storage chamber temperature detected at T4”.
- the combustion chamber temperature (t1) and the heat storage chamber temperature (t4) are (A) t1 ⁇ early combustion confirmation SP (700 ⁇ 880 °C) (B ′) t1 ⁇ t4 ⁇ early combustion confirmation temperature difference SP (100 to 300 ° C.) If both conditions are satisfied (S701, S702) and this state is maintained for a certain time (10 to 120 seconds) (S203), it is determined that early combustion has occurred, and the burner is While extinguishing the fire (S204), the heat exhaust damper 27 is opened at the set opening (S205).
- the set opening degree of the heat exhaust damper 27 at this time is usually in a range of 10 to 70%, and is an optimum value obtained from an experiment according to the type of exhaust gas.
- t4 used in (b ′) or (d ′) described later is basically a heat storage chamber temperature detected by a temperature sensor (fourth temperature detector T4) provided in the heat storage chamber on the supply side.
- the use of is more advantageous as an early combustion countermeasure. Note that when early combustion occurs, the temperatures of both the heat storage chambers in which the supply side and the exhaust side are sequentially switched gradually increase.
- a temperature sensor (fourth temperature detector T4) provided in the heat storage chamber is provided. It is also possible to provide one of the heat storage chambers and always use the temperature in the heat storage layer of the heat storage chamber as t4.
- the outside air intake damper is forcibly opened (S302), as in the first embodiment.
- the process proceeds to the early combustion countermeasure forced release confirmation determination step (S212).
- S212 and the subsequent steps are the same as in FIG. 2C.
- the early combustion release confirmation SP is set higher than the early combustion confirmation SP (for example, 20 to 50 ° C.), and the early combustion release confirmation temperature difference SP is set lower than the early combustion confirmation temperature SP (10 to 30 ° C.). This is desirable because it is easy to suppress an increase in the exhaust gas temperature. Even if the early combustion cancellation confirmation SP and the early combustion confirmation SP are the same, and the early combustion cancellation confirmation temperature difference SP is the same as the early combustion confirmation temperature difference SP, an increase in the exhaust gas temperature due to early combustion of the exhaust gas purification apparatus can be suppressed to some extent.
- the end of the exhaust gas purification treatment operation is to close the heat exhaust damper 27 and extinguish the burner 25, open the outside air intake damper 37, close the exhaust gas cutoff damper 43 and stop the blower 35. Do.
- the second embodiment is not limited to the two-column exhaust gas purification device shown in FIG. 6, and similarly to the first embodiment, a large number of heat storage elements such as a three-column type, a four-column type, and a five-column type are used.
- the present invention can also be applied to a multi-column exhaust gas purification apparatus having a rotary switching valve type exhaust gas purification apparatus using a rotary switching valve 24.
- the heat exhaust damper 27 is forcibly opened and the early combustion that burns out the burner is performed.
- the heat exhaust damper 27 is fully closed and the control is performed so that the early combustion countermeasure cancellation operation is performed. I have to.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus 501 determines that the difference between the heat storage chamber temperature (t4) and the combustion chamber temperature (t1) has become smaller than the normal value, the early combustion release operation is started.
- the temperature control method (first embodiment) using the relational expression (b) described above. realizable.
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Abstract
Description
このように構成された本発明においては、制御手段が、排ガスが蓄熱体を通過するとき自燃温度以上に昇温して燃焼室に到達する前に燃焼する早期燃焼であるか否かを判定し、早期燃焼と判定したときには、熱排出ダンパを強制開すると共に加熱バーナを消火する早期燃焼対策操作を実行し、この後に早期燃焼ではないと判定したときには、早期燃焼対策操作を解除するので、この早期燃焼に起因する、燃焼室温度の低下や排ガスの排気温度の異常上昇を防止することができ、これにより、適切な浄化処理運転を行なうことができる。
このように構成された本発明によれば、制御手段が、燃焼室温度(t1)及び給気温度(t2)・排気温度(t3)により、正確且つ容易に、早期燃焼を判定することができ、さらに、燃焼室温度(t1)又は給気温度(t2)・排気温度(t3)により、正確且つ容易に、早期燃焼ではないことを判定することができる。
このように構成された本発明においては、制御手段が、燃焼室温度(t1)及び蓄熱室温度(t4)により、正確且つ容易に、早期燃焼を判定することができ、さらに、燃焼室温度(t1)又は蓄熱室温度(t4)により、正確且つ容易に、早期燃焼ではないことを判定することができる。本発明によれば、蓄熱室温度により、早期燃焼及び早期燃焼解除を判定しているので、より迅速に早期燃焼対策処理及び早期燃焼解除処理を行なうことができる。
このように構成された本発明においては、早期燃焼解除確認SPが早期燃焼確認SPより高く、早期燃焼解除確認温度差SPが早期燃焼確認温度差SPより低く設定しているので、排ガスの排気温度の上昇を容易に抑制することができる。
このように構成された本発明においては、制御手段が、早期燃焼対策操作実行時に、外気取入れダンパを強制開し、外気(冷風)を取り入れているので、吸気側の蓄熱体内の流速が早まり、短時間で蓄熱体温度を低下させて排気温度上昇を抑制することができる。
燃焼室温度が着火SP以下になるため加熱バーナが着火する。その際、熱排出ダンパ27が閉のままであるため、加熱バーナ25により早期燃焼ガスが再加熱されて、全量が排気側蓄熱体に流入する。この際に、排気側蓄熱体には前回の給気側であったときの早期燃焼による熱が残っているため、排気側蓄熱体が熱回収しきれず(熱交換能(熱交換量)が不足するか、又は過負荷となっているので熱回収できない)、排気温度が異常上昇する。
蓄熱室13の蓄熱体11が早期燃焼により熱交換されず高温のままで排気側に切り替わるので、蓄熱体の浄化ガス(燃焼ガス)に対する熱交換能が低下し、排気温度が異常上昇する。
排気温度が異常上昇した後の蓄熱室13の蓄熱体11は、高温体(蓄熱が必要以上)になる傾向にあり、給気側に切り替わった場合、より早期燃焼が発生し易くなり、悪循環となる。
以下、本実施形態による排ガス浄化装置及びその温度制御方法において、特徴的な部分について説明する。
マイクロコンピュータ(MC)の初期設定を行ってリセット(S100)するとともに、給気・排気切替運転を起動させる(S101)。この運転は、設定時間毎に給気・排気切替を行うものである。この設定時間は、排ガスの種類により異なるが、45~90秒である。
1)処理運転(定常)
上記予備加熱工程に続いて、ガス発生源設備(例えば、塗装装置)の運転開始の信号により(START)、選択したガス発生源設備の排ガス遮断ダンパ43を開とする(S105)とともに外気取入れダンパ37を閉とする(S106)。
なお、本実施形態において、温度制御は、上述した比例温度制御に限られず、積分制御、微分制御、並びに、これらの組合せた制御方式であるPID制御であってもよい。
比例制御によって偏差温度の上限・下限値にt1を制御できない場合(S112)、下記の如く、-側偏差SPより低くなる場合(a)、t1が+側偏差SPより高くなる場合(b)と、に分岐する。
1)早期燃焼対策工程:
上述した予備工程に続いて、ガス発生源設備(例えば、塗装装置)の運転開始信号により、図2(B)に示す排ガス浄化処理運転を開始すると共に、排ガス浄化処理運転に並行して、この図2(C)に示す早期燃焼対策工程に移行する。
(a)t1≦早期燃焼確認SP(700~880℃)
(b)t3-t2≧早期燃焼確認温度差SP(30~180℃)
の双方の条件を満たし(S201、S202)、かつ、この状態が一定時間(10~120秒)維持された場合(S203)には、早期燃焼が発生していると判定する。このとき、バーナが着火中(S204-1)であれば、バーナを消火し(S204-2)、さらに、熱排出ダンパ27を設定開度で開とする(S205)。この熱排出ダンパ27の設定開度は、通常、10~70%の範囲であり、排ガスの種類に応じて実験から求めた最適値である。一方、バーナが消火していれば(S204-1)、そのまま、熱排出ダンパ27を設定開度で開とする(S205)。
上記早期燃焼対策に入った後は、下記の如く、正常運転工程における各ステップに移行する。
(d)t3-t2≦早期燃焼解除確認温度差SP(20~150℃)、
の一方が所定時間継続(タイムアップ:10~120秒)したなら(S206、S207、S208-1・2)、熱排出ダンパ27を全閉とする(S209)。その後、バーナ再着火の判定ステップに移行し(S210)、t1がバーナ再着火SP(750~850℃)より低い場合は、加熱バーナを着火して(S211)、早期燃焼対策運転のステップS201に戻る。なお、外気取入れモードを選択している場合は、加熱バーナを着火する(S211)前に、外気取り入れダンパを全閉とする(S303-1)。
1)早期燃焼対策工程:
燃焼室温度t1が、上述した正常運転のバーナ消火判定ステップ(S107)におけるバーナ消火SPより低くなり、排ガス組成が、早期燃焼が発生するおそれがある場合は、早期燃焼対策工程に入る。
(a)t1≦早期燃焼確認SP(700~880℃)
(b’)t1-t4≦早期燃焼確認温度差SP(100~300℃)
の双方の条件を満たして(S701、S702)、かつ、この状態が一定時間(10~120秒)維持された場合(S203)には、早期燃焼が発生していると判定して、バーナを消火するとともに(S204)、熱排出ダンパ27を設定開度で開とする(S205)。このときの熱排出ダンパ27の設定開度は、通常、10~70%の範囲であり、排ガスの種類に応じて実験から求めた最適値である。
ここで、(b’)や後述の(d’)で用いるt4は、基本的には、給気側の蓄熱室に設けた温度センサ(第四温度検出器T4)で検出される蓄熱室温度を用いた方が、早期燃焼対策として有利である。なお、早期燃焼が発生するときには、給気側及び排気側が順次切り替わる両方の蓄熱室の温度が徐々に上昇することになるので、例えば、蓄熱室に設ける温度センサ(第四温度検出器T4)をいずれか一方の蓄熱室に設け、常にこの蓄熱室の蓄熱層内温度をt4として用いるようにすることも可能である。
上記早期燃焼対策に入った後は、下記の如く、正常運転工程における各ステップに移行する。
(d’)t1-t4≧早期燃焼解除確認温度差SP(150~350℃)、
の一方が所定時間継続(タイムアップ:10~120秒)したなら(S706、S707、S208-1・2)、熱排出ダンパ27を全閉とする(S209)。その後のステップ(S210,S211,S303-1等)については、図2(C)の場合と同様である。
Claims (10)
- 可燃性有毒成分を含有する排ガスを浄化する排ガス浄化装置であって、
それぞれに蓄熱体が内設され且つ一組の給気口・排気口が設けられた複数の蓄熱室と、
これらの複数の蓄熱室の上方に連通して形成された燃焼室と、
前記蓄熱室の各々の給気口・排気口に取付けられ蓄熱室への吸気・排気を切替えるための排気・吸気弁と、
前記燃焼室に設けられた加熱バーナと、
前記燃焼室から余剰熱を排出する熱排出ダンパと、
燃焼室温度に基づき、前記加熱バーナの着火・消火を行うと共に、前記熱排出ダンパの開度を調整して前記燃焼室温度が設定値(SP)となるように温度制御を行う制御手段と、を有し、
前記制御手段は、排ガスが蓄熱体を通過するとき自燃温度以上に昇温して燃焼室に到達する前に燃焼する早期燃焼であるか否かを判定し、早期燃焼と判定したときには、前記熱排出ダンパを強制開すると共に前記加熱バーナを消火する早期燃焼対策操作を実行し、この後に早期燃焼ではないと判定したときには、前記早期燃焼対策操作を解除することを特徴とする排ガス浄化装置。 - 更に、燃焼室に取付けられ燃焼室温度を検出する燃焼室温度センサ、前記蓄熱室の各々の給気口・排気口に取付けられた吸気温度を検出する吸気温度センサ及び排気温度を検出する排気温度センサを有し、
前記制御手段は、前記燃焼室温度センサ、吸気温度センサ及び排気温度センサによりそれぞれ検出された燃焼室温度(t1)及び給気温度(t2)・排気温度(t3)が、
(a)t1≦早期燃焼確認SP、
(b)t3-t2≧早期燃焼確認温度差SP、
の双方を満たすとき、早期燃焼であると判定し、
(c)t1≧早期燃焼解除確認SP、
(d)t3-t2≦早期燃焼解除確認温度差SP、
の条件の少なくとも一方を満たすとき、早期燃焼ではないと判定する排ガス浄化装置。 - 更に、燃焼室に取付けられ燃焼室温度を検出する燃焼室温度センサ、前記蓄熱室に取付けられ蓄熱室温度を検出する蓄熱室温度センサを有し、
前記制御手段は、前記燃焼室温度センサ及び蓄熱室温度センサによりそれぞれ検出された燃焼室温度(t1)及び蓄熱室温度(t4)が、
(a)t1≦早期燃焼確認SP、
(b’)t1-t4≦早期燃焼確認温度差SP、
の双方を満たすとき、早期燃焼であると判定し、
(c)t1≧早期燃焼解除確認SP、
(d’)t1-t4≧早期燃焼解除確認温度差SP、
の条件の少なくとも一方を満たすとき、早期燃焼ではないと判定する排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記早期燃焼解除確認SPが前記早期燃焼確認SPより高く、前記早期燃焼解除確認温度差SPが前記早期燃焼確認温度差SPより低い請求項2又は請求項3記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 更に、前記蓄熱室の各給気口に接続された排ガス供給配管の外気取り入れ口に取り付けられた外気取入れダンパを有し、前記制御手段は、早期燃焼対策操作実行時に、前記熱排出ダンパを強制開するとき前記外気取入れダンパも強制開し、前記早期燃焼対策操作解除時に、前記外気取入れダンパを強制閉し、その後、前記加熱バーナを着火する請求項4記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 可燃性有毒成分を含有する排ガスを浄化する排ガス浄化装置の温度制御方法であって、
前記排ガス浄化装置が、
それぞれに蓄熱体が内設され且つ一組の給気口・排気口が設けられた複数の蓄熱室と、
これらの複数の蓄熱室の上方に連通して形成された燃焼室と、
前記蓄熱室の各々の給気口・排気口に取付けられ蓄熱室への吸気・排気を切替えるための排気・吸気弁と、
前記燃焼室に設けられた加熱バーナと、
前記燃焼室から余剰熱を排出する熱排出ダンパと、を備え、
前記排ガス浄化装置の温度制御方法が、
燃焼室温度に基づき、前記加熱バーナの着火・消火を行うと共に、前記熱排出ダンパの開度を調整して前記燃焼室温度が設定値(SP)となるように温度制御を行う工程と、
排ガスが蓄熱体を通過するとき自燃温度以上に昇温して燃焼室に到達する前に燃焼する早期燃焼であるか否かを判定し、早期燃焼と判定したときには、前記熱排出ダンパを強制開すると共に前記加熱バーナを消火する早期燃焼対策操作を実行し、この後に早期燃焼ではないと判定したときには、前記早期燃焼対策操作を解除する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする排ガス浄化装置の温度制御方法。 - 前記早期燃焼であるか否かを判定する工程は、燃焼室温度(t1)及び給気温度(t2)・排気温度(t3)が、
(a)t1≦早期燃焼確認SP、
(b)t3-t2≧早期燃焼確認温度差SP、
の双方を満たすとき、早期燃焼であると判定し、
(c)t1≧早期燃焼解除確認SP、
(d)t3-t2≦早期燃焼解除確認温度差SP、
の条件の少なくとも一方を満たすとき、早期燃焼ではないと判定する請求項6記載の排ガス浄化装置の温度制御方法。 - 前記早期燃焼であるか否かを判定する工程は、燃焼室温度(t1)及び蓄熱室温度(t4)が、
(a)t1≦早期燃焼確認SP、
(b’)t1-t4≦早期燃焼確認温度差SP、
の双方を満たすとき、早期燃焼であると判定し、
(c)t1≧早期燃焼解除確認SP、
(d’)t1-t4≧早期燃焼解除確認温度差SP、
の条件の少なくとも一方を満たすとき、早期燃焼ではないと判定する請求項6記載の排ガス浄化装置の温度制御方法。 - 前記早期燃焼解除確認SPが前記早期燃焼確認SPより高く、前記早期燃焼解除確認温度差SPが前記早期燃焼確認温度差SPより低い請求項7又は請求項8記載の排ガス浄化装置の温度制御方法。
- 前記排ガス浄化装置は、更に、前記蓄熱室の各給気口に接続された排ガス供給配管の外気取り入れ口に取り付けられた外気取入れダンパを有し、前記早期燃焼であるか否かを判定する工程は、早期燃焼であると判定したとき、前記熱排出ダンパを強制開するとき前記外気取入れダンパも強制開し、早期燃焼ではないと判定したとき、前記外気取入れダンパを強制閉し、その後、前記加熱バーナを着火する請求項9記載の排ガス浄化装置の温度制御方法。
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WO2014034742A1 (ja) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-06 | 新東工業株式会社 | 排ガス浄化設備及びその運転制御方法 |
EP2878886A1 (de) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-03 | Caverion Deutschland GmbH | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Gasoxidationsanlage |
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JP2016205712A (ja) * | 2015-04-23 | 2016-12-08 | 中外炉工業株式会社 | 蓄熱式ガス処理装置の制御方法 |
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WO2014034742A1 (ja) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-06 | 新東工業株式会社 | 排ガス浄化設備及びその運転制御方法 |
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WO2022199753A1 (de) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-29 | Dürr Systems Ag | Anlage und verfahren für die regenerative thermische oxidation von rohgas |
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