WO2012046461A1 - ヒートポンプ式給湯機 - Google Patents

ヒートポンプ式給湯機 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012046461A1
WO2012046461A1 PCT/JP2011/053374 JP2011053374W WO2012046461A1 WO 2012046461 A1 WO2012046461 A1 WO 2012046461A1 JP 2011053374 W JP2011053374 W JP 2011053374W WO 2012046461 A1 WO2012046461 A1 WO 2012046461A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
temperature
heat exchanger
compressor
refrigerant heat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2011/053374
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
北村　哲也
高木　純一
宏太朗 渡邊
Original Assignee
日立アプライアンス株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 日立アプライアンス株式会社 filed Critical 日立アプライアンス株式会社
Priority to CN201180048187.7A priority Critical patent/CN103154630B/zh
Priority to KR1020137006261A priority patent/KR101465572B1/ko
Publication of WO2012046461A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012046461A1/ja

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F24H4/02—Water heaters
    • F24H4/04—Storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/174—Supplying heated water with desired temperature or desired range of temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/227—Temperature of the refrigerant in heat pump cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
    • F24H15/38—Control of compressors of heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F24H4/02—Water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21156—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor of the motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F25B2700/21161—Temperatures of a condenser of the fluid heated by the condenser

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat pump type water heater in which water boiled by a water-refrigerant heat exchanger is stored in a tank.
  • a heat pump water heater is known that has a boiling function that drives a heat pump cycle using midnight power or the like to heat low-temperature water and store hot water at a desired temperature in a tank.
  • a water-refrigerant heat exchanger provided in a heat pump cycle and a tank are connected by a pipe, and water in the tank is circulated in the connected pipe. Boiling is performed by exchanging heat between the water in the tank and the refrigerant of the heat pump cycle.
  • Patent Document 1 a method for detecting clogging in the water pipe from the relationship between the flow rate of water circulated by the pump and the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger or the temperature of the water.
  • the heat pump type hot water heater is different in the pressure of the liquid flowing through the liquid flow path, the flow rate of the liquid to be heated, and the pressure loss of the liquid flow path depending on the installation location.
  • the range between the number of rotations and the minimum number of rotations depends on the installation location. In this case, there is a problem that abnormality detection accuracy varies depending on a place where the heat pump type hot water heater is installed.
  • the flow rate control range of the pump is close to the minimum rotation speed of the pump, the abnormality may not be detected even if it should be judged as abnormal, and may be overlooked.
  • the pump flow control range is close to the maximum rotation speed of the pump, there is a possibility that the rotation speed will immediately become the maximum rotation speed due to sudden flow fluctuations. There is a risk of detection.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable heat pump type hot water heater that can detect the abnormality of the liquid flow path by eliminating the factors of the state of the liquid flow path that differs depending on the installation location. To do.
  • the present invention performs heat exchange with a variable capacity compressor, a liquid-refrigerant heat exchanger that heats a liquid to be heated by a high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor, and the liquid-refrigerant heat exchanger.
  • a liquid temperature detector that detects the temperature of the liquid to be heated; and a controller that controls the capacity of the compressor, and the liquid to be heated is introduced into the liquid-refrigerant heat exchanger to exchange the liquid-refrigerant heat.
  • the capacity of the compressor is controlled to be a liquid temperature, and the temperature of the liquid heat-exchanged by the liquid-refrigerant heat exchanger when the compressor is operating below a preset reference capacity is When the temperature is higher than the target liquid temperature, it is determined that the liquid flow path is abnormal. And wherein the door.
  • the present invention provides a variable capacity compressor, a liquid-refrigerant heat exchanger that heats a liquid to be heated by a high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor, and heat exchange using the liquid-refrigerant heat exchanger.
  • a liquid temperature detector for detecting the temperature of the heated liquid
  • a refrigerant temperature detector for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant heat-exchanged by the liquid-refrigerant heat exchanger
  • a controller for controlling the capacity of the compressor;
  • the liquid to be heated flows out of the liquid-refrigerant heat exchanger after being introduced into the liquid-refrigerant heat exchanger and passing through the liquid-refrigerant heat exchanger.
  • the temperature of the cooled refrigerant is higher than a reference temperature determined based on the target liquid temperature. In the case of, characterized by determining an abnormality of the liquid flow path.
  • FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram of a heat pump type water heater according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. FIG. 3 is a control flow diagram of the heat pump type hot water heater according to the first embodiment.
  • 6 is a graph showing changes in compressor rotation speed and water-refrigerant heat exchanger outlet hot water temperature in a state where there is no clogging in the water pipe in the heat pump hot water supply apparatus according to Example 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in compressor rotation speed and water-refrigerant heat exchanger outlet hot water temperature in a state where clogging occurs in water piping in the heat pump hot water supply apparatus according to Example 1.
  • FIG. It is a system configuration
  • FIG. 6 is a control flow diagram of a heat pump hot water supply apparatus according to a third embodiment.
  • Example 1 The first embodiment relates to a heat pump type water heater that can detect an abnormality (particularly, a decrease in flow rate) occurring in a water flow path with high accuracy.
  • FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram of a heat pump type water heater according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a control flow diagram during operation of the heat pump type hot water heater according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 shows changes over time in the compressor rotation speed and the outlet water temperature of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger in the state where no abnormality has occurred in the water flow path of the heat pump type hot water heater according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 shows changes over time in the compressor rotation speed and the outlet water temperature of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger when an abnormality (reduction in flow rate) occurs in the water flow path of the heat pump type hot water supply apparatus according to the first embodiment.
  • the heat pump type hot water supply apparatus includes a variable capacity compressor 4, a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5 that heats water using a high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 4, and water-refrigerant heat exchange.
  • the water temperature detection part 15 which detects the temperature of the water heat-exchanged with the container 5 and the control part 20 which controls the capacity
  • the heat pump type water heater has a water flow path F through which water flows out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5 after being introduced into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5 and passing through the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5.
  • this heat pump type water heater includes a tank 9 for storing hot water heated by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5, a tank unit 2 for accommodating the tank 9, a compressor 4 and a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5.
  • the water flow path F is provided across the tank unit 2 and the heat pump unit 1.
  • this heat pump type water heater includes a heat pump unit 1 in which a refrigeration cycle including a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5 shown on the left side of FIG. 1 is mounted inside a casing, and a tank 9 shown on the right side of the drawing. And a tank unit 2 in which the hot water supply circuit is mounted inside the box. And the heat pump unit 1 and the tank unit 2 have a structure connected using the connection piping 3 in the installation place of a heat pump type water heater.
  • the tank 9 often stores hot water, and in this case is called a hot water storage tank.
  • the refrigeration cycle includes a compressor 4 that compresses refrigerant, a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5 that exchanges heat between the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 4 and water introduced from the tank 9, and water-refrigerant heat.
  • the pressure reducing valve 6 for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the exchanger 5 and the evaporator 7 for exchanging heat with the air for the low-temperature and low-pressure pressure reduced by the pressure reducing valve 6 are connected in an annular manner via a refrigerant pipe. It has a configuration.
  • the evaporator 7 has a structure in which outside air is ventilated by a fan 8. In this refrigeration cycle, carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant.
  • the compressor 4 is capacity-controlled by the controller 20 so that the temperature of the hot water heat-exchanged by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5 becomes a preset target hot water temperature.
  • the compressor 4 is an inverter compressor whose capacity is controlled by controlling the rotation speed of the compressor.
  • the compressor which performs capacity control by returning the discharged refrigerant to the suction side may be used.
  • the compression method of the compressor is a scroll method, but may be a rotary method or a reciprocating method.
  • the water cycle includes a tank 9 for storing a necessary amount of hot water, a pump (circulation pump) 10 for guiding water at the bottom of the tank 9, and a water-refrigerant that exchanges heat discharged from the pump (circulation pump) 10 with refrigerant.
  • the heat exchanger 5 is annularly connected by a circulation pipe, and the water discharged from the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5 is returned to the top of the tank 9.
  • the water flow path F has a portion where water is taken out from the tank 9 as a starting point and a portion where hot water is returned to the tank 9 as an end point.
  • the bottom of the tank 9 is connected to a water supply source such as a water supply (not shown) via a water supply pipe 11, and a hot water supply pipe 12 for supplying hot water to a hot water supply terminal such as a faucet or a shower is connected to the top.
  • a water supply source such as a water supply (not shown)
  • a hot water supply pipe 12 for supplying hot water to a hot water supply terminal such as a faucet or a shower is connected to the top.
  • the compressor 4 is provided with a compressor temperature sensor 13 for measuring the casing temperature. Thereby, the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 4 (refrigerant discharge temperature) can be detected.
  • the refrigerant discharge temperature may be a temperature detected by a temperature sensor provided in the refrigerant discharge pipe.
  • the detection of the casing temperature of the compressor 4 as the refrigerant discharge temperature can suppress the fluctuation of the refrigerant temperature and can control the compressor 4 more easily than the temperature of the refrigerant discharge pipe. Has merit.
  • a water-cycle refrigerant heat exchanger serving as a water temperature detecting unit 14 for detecting the temperature of water flowing into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5 is provided in a water cycle pipe provided before and after the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5.
  • An inlet water temperature sensor and a water-refrigerant heat exchanger outlet hot water temperature sensor are provided as a water temperature detector 15 for measuring the temperature of water flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5.
  • the temperature of the water exchanged by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5 is higher than the target hot water temperature. It is determined that the water flow path is abnormal. In this way, it is possible to detect an abnormality in the water flow path by eliminating factors of the state of the water flow path that differ depending on the installation location. Further, in the refrigeration cycle including the compressor, the pressure of the fluid, the pressure loss, and the like are not greatly different depending on the installation location of the heat pump type hot water heater, so that the abnormality of the water flow path F is detected based on the rotation speed of the pump Compared to the above, the detection accuracy can be increased.
  • the control of the first embodiment performs the abnormality of the water flow path F for the following reason. It is suitable for detecting with high accuracy.
  • the tank 9 and the refrigeration cycle in which the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5 is housed are configured as separate units.
  • the state of the water flow path F (pipe resistance and the like) varies greatly depending on the heat pump type hot water heater, depending on the shape and length of the connection pipe 3 performed at the time of installation, the number of bent portions, and the like.
  • the heat pump type hot water heater is controlled not based on the flow rate of the water flow path F or the rotation speed of the pump 10, but based on the capacity of the compressor 4. Can be detected.
  • the reference capacity is set based on the minimum rotation speed of the compressor 4.
  • the minimum rotational speed of the compressor 4 is set to a lower limit value of a rotational speed range determined in advance as a driving range of the compressor 4. Specifically, in order to prevent the malfunction or failure of the compressor 4, it is set slightly higher with a margin than the limit rotational speed at which the compressor 4 can be evaluated as performing refrigerant compression work. .
  • size of a margin can be made into arbitrary values according to the characteristic of the compressor 4, it may not give a margin especially.
  • this heat pump type hot water heater is configured so that when the temperature of the water exchanged by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5 is higher than the target hot water temperature for a predetermined time or longer, Judge as abnormal. In this way, it is possible to improve the accuracy of the abnormality determination without determining that an accidental change in temperature is abnormal.
  • this heat pump type hot water heater determines that the flow rate of the water flowing through the water flow path F is decreased when it is determined to be abnormal by the above method. And the alerting
  • the boiling operation After setting the target hot water temperature and the compressor target temperature to the control unit 20 (S1 in FIG. 2), the boiling operation is started. From the start of the boiling operation, the opening degree of the pressure reducing valve 6 is corrected so that the compressor temperature obtained from the compressor temperature sensor 13 (S2 in FIG. 2) matches the compressor target temperature (S3 in FIG. 2).
  • control unit 20 corrects the rotational speed of the compressor 4 so that the outlet hot water temperature (S4 in FIG. 2) obtained by the water temperature detection unit 15 matches the target hot water temperature (S5 in FIG. 2).
  • the number of rotations of the compressor that outputs the heating capacity increases or decreases with respect to the amount of circulating water, so that it is possible to accurately grasp the currently output heating capacity.
  • the control unit 20 reduces the rotational speed of the compressor 4 so that the outlet hot water temperature matches the target hot water temperature.
  • FIG. 1 In order to detect this phenomenon, in this embodiment, a function (S6 in FIG. 2) for monitoring whether or not the rotation speed of the compressor 4 is always operated at a rotation speed higher than the minimum rotation speed during the boiling operation.
  • the predetermined time can also be referred to as a flow rate reduction monitoring time.
  • the time variation of the compressor rotation speed and the outlet hot water temperature of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5 when an abnormality (flow rate decrease) occurs in the water flow path F will be described.
  • the rotational speed of the compressor 4 gradually decreases.
  • the rotation speed of the compressor 4 becomes the minimum rotation speed.
  • the time from time T1 to time T2 is about 5 to 10 minutes.
  • the flow rate reduction monitoring time (time T2 to time T3) is about 15 minutes.
  • the flow rate reduction monitoring time may be as short as 2 minutes.
  • abnormalities such as clogging of scales and clogging of small garbage progress gradually (that is, the flow rate decreases).
  • the valve arranged in the water flow path F is closed, or when a large garbage is clogged, the flow suddenly stops.
  • the abnormality detection according to the first embodiment takes about 5 to 10 minutes from the start of controlling the rotation speed of the compressor 4 to detect the abnormality until the minimum rotation speed is reached. Therefore, it is suitable for detecting abnormalities in the decrease in flow rate that progresses little by little.
  • the second embodiment relates to a heat pump type water heater that can detect an abnormality (particularly, a flow stop) occurring in the water flow path F ′ with high accuracy.
  • FIG. 5 shows a system configuration diagram of a heat pump type water heater according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 shows a control flow chart during operation of the heat pump type hot water heater according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 shows temporal changes in the compressor temperature, the outlet refrigerant temperature of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger, and the outlet hot water temperature in a state where no abnormality has occurred in the water flow path of the heat pump type hot water heater according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 shows temporal changes in the compressor temperature, the outlet refrigerant temperature of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger, and the outlet hot water temperature when an abnormality (flow stoppage) occurs in the water flow path of the heat pump type hot water heater according to the second embodiment. .
  • the heat pump type hot water heater includes a variable capacity compressor 104, a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 that heats water using a high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 104, and water-refrigerant heat exchange. Controls the capacity of the compressor 104, a water temperature detector 115 that detects the temperature of the water heat-exchanged by the condenser 105, a refrigerant temperature detector 116 that detects the temperature of the refrigerant heat-exchanged by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105, and the compressor 104 And a control unit 120.
  • the heat pump type hot water heater has a water flow path F ′ that flows out from the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 after water is introduced into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 and passes through the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105.
  • this heat pump type water heater includes a tank 109 that stores hot water heated by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105, a tank unit 102 that accommodates the tank 109, a compressor 104, and a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105.
  • the water flow path F ′ is provided across the tank unit 102 and the heat pump unit 101.
  • the heat pump type hot water heater includes a heat pump unit 101 in which a refrigeration cycle including a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 shown on the left side of the drawing is mounted inside a box, and a right side of the drawing. And a tank unit 102 in which a hot water supply circuit including the tank 109 shown in FIG.
  • the heat pump unit 101 and the tank unit 102 are connected to each other by using a connection pipe 103 at a place where the heat pump type hot water heater is installed.
  • the tank 109 often stores hot water, and in this case, it may be called a hot water storage tank.
  • the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 generally heats water and may be called a water-refrigerant heat exchanger.
  • the refrigeration cycle includes a compressor 104 that compresses the refrigerant, a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 that exchanges heat between the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 104 and water introduced from the tank 109, and water-refrigerant heat.
  • a pressure reducing valve 106 for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the exchanger 105, and an evaporator 107 for exchanging heat with air for the low temperature / low pressure refrigerant pressure reduced by the pressure reducing valve 106 are connected in an annular manner via a refrigerant pipe. It has a configuration.
  • the evaporator 107 has a structure in which outside air is ventilated by a fan 108. In this refrigeration cycle, carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant.
  • the capacity of the compressor 104 is controlled by the controller 120 so that the temperature of the hot water heat-exchanged by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 becomes a preset target hot water temperature.
  • the compressor 104 is an inverter compressor whose capacity is controlled by controlling the rotation speed of the compressor.
  • the compressor which performs capacity control by returning the discharged refrigerant to the suction side may be used.
  • the compression method of the compressor is a scroll method, but may be a rotary method or a reciprocating method.
  • the water cycle consists of a tank 109 for storing a required amount of hot water, a pump (circulation pump) 110 to which water at the bottom of the tank 109 is guided, and water discharged from the pump (circulation pump) 110 to exchange heat with refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant heat exchanger 105 is annularly connected by a circulation pipe, and water discharged from the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 is returned to the top of the tank 109.
  • the water flow path F ′ has a portion where water is taken out from the tank 109 as a starting point and a portion where hot water is returned to the tank 109 as an end point.
  • the bottom of the tank 109 is connected to a water supply source such as a water supply (not shown) via a water supply pipe 111, and a hot water supply pipe 112 for supplying hot water to a hot water supply terminal such as a faucet or a shower is connected to the top.
  • a water supply source such as a water supply (not shown)
  • a hot water supply pipe 112 for supplying hot water to a hot water supply terminal such as a faucet or a shower is connected to the top.
  • the compressor 104 is provided with a compressor temperature sensor 113 for measuring the casing temperature of the compressor 104. Thereby, the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 104 (refrigerant discharge temperature) can be detected.
  • the refrigerant discharge temperature may be detected by a temperature sensor provided in the refrigerant discharge pipe.
  • detecting the casing temperature of the compressor 104 as the refrigerant discharge temperature can suppress the fluctuation of the refrigerant temperature lower than detecting the temperature of the refrigerant discharge pipe, and it is easier to control the compressor 104. Has merit.
  • the refrigerant pipe downstream of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 has a refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger as the refrigerant temperature detector 116.
  • a sensor is provided.
  • a water-cycle refrigerant heat exchanger serving as a water temperature detector 114 that detects the temperature of water flowing into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5 is provided in a water cycle pipe provided before and after the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105.
  • An inlet water temperature sensor and a water-refrigerant heat exchanger outlet hot water temperature sensor are provided as a water temperature detector 115 for detecting the temperature of water flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 5.
  • the heat pump type hot water heater determines that the water flow path F ′ is abnormal when the temperature of the refrigerant heat-exchanged by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 is equal to or higher than a reference temperature determined based on the target hot water temperature. In this way, it is possible to detect the abnormality of the water flow path F ′ by eliminating the factors of the state of the water flow path F ′ that differ depending on the installation location.
  • the refrigeration cycle including the compressor 104 detects an abnormality in the water flow path F ′ based on the number of rotations of the pump because the fluid pressure, pressure loss, and the like do not differ greatly depending on the installation location of the heat pump type hot water heater. Compared with the case where it does, detection accuracy can be raised.
  • the reference temperature is the same as the target hot water temperature.
  • the capacity of the compressor 104 is controlled so that the temperature of the hot water heat-exchanged in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 becomes the target hot water temperature
  • the target hot water temperature is temporarily set in the process of increasing the water temperature. There is a case of exceeding (so-called overshoot).
  • the reference temperature is set to be higher by about several degrees Celsius than the target hot water temperature. As a result, even when the temperature of the hot water temporarily exceeds the target hot water temperature, it is not immediately determined as abnormal.
  • this heat pump type water heater since the water flow path F ′ is provided across the tank unit 102 and the heat pump unit 101, the control of the second embodiment is performed for the following reason. It is suitable for detecting anomalies with high accuracy.
  • the tank 109 and the refrigeration cycle in which the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 is housed are configured as separate units.
  • the state (pipe resistance, etc.) of the water flow path F ′ varies greatly for each heat pump hot water heater depending on the shape and length of the connection pipe 103 performed at the time of installation, the number of bent portions, and the like.
  • this heat pump type hot water heater is controlled based on the capacity of the compressor 104, not based on the flow rate of the water flow path F ′, so that highly accurate detection can be performed regardless of the installation location. Can do.
  • the boiling operation After setting the target hot water temperature and the compressor target temperature to the control unit 120 (S101 in FIG. 6), the boiling operation is started. From the start of the boiling operation, the opening degree of the pressure reducing valve 106 is corrected so that the compressor temperature obtained from the compressor temperature sensor 113 (S102 in FIG. 6) matches the compressor target temperature (S103 in FIG. 6).
  • control unit 120 corrects the rotational speed of the compressor 104 so that the outlet hot water temperature (S104 in FIG. 6) obtained from the water temperature detection unit 115 matches the target hot water temperature (S105 in FIG. 6).
  • the number of rotations of the compressor that outputs the heating capacity increases or decreases with respect to the amount of circulating water, so that it is possible to accurately grasp the currently output heating capacity.
  • the outlet refrigerant temperature of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 is constantly monitored during the boiling operation (S106 in FIG. 6), and the outlet refrigerant temperature is higher than the boiling target temperature.
  • a function for monitoring whether the temperature is lower (S107 in FIG. 6) is provided.
  • the opening of the pressure reducing valve 106 is changed and the compressor rotational speed is corrected.
  • the outlet refrigerant temperature becomes higher than the boiling target temperature (S7 ⁇ Yes in FIG. 6)
  • a water circulation error is issued (S109 in FIG. 6) and the operation is stopped.
  • the predetermined time can also be referred to as a flow stop monitoring time.
  • the time change of the compressor rotation speed and the outlet refrigerant temperature of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger when abnormality (flow stoppage) occurs in the water flow path F ′ will be described.
  • T11 after the operation of the compressor 104 is started, if the water flow path F ′ is abnormal, the outlet refrigerant temperature gradually increases.
  • T ⁇ b> 12 the outlet refrigerant temperature exceeds the casing temperature of the compressor 104.
  • the time from time T11 to time T12 is about 1 to 2 minutes.
  • the flow stop monitoring time (time T12 to time T13) is about 2 minutes.
  • abnormalities such as clogging of scales and clogging of small garbage progress gradually (that is, the flow rate decreases).
  • the valve disposed in the water flow path F ′ is closed or when a large garbage is clogged, the flow suddenly stops.
  • the time from the start of heating in the abnormal state until the outlet hot water temperature exceeds the casing temperature of the compressor 104 is about 1 to 2 minutes, and the change is relatively Since it is steep, it is suitable for detecting abnormalities in sudden flow stoppage.
  • the normal relationship between the outlet refrigerant temperature and the outlet hot water temperature of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 shown in FIG. 7 (there is no clogging in the water pipe, and a normal water circulation amount is ensured. 8) and the relationship between the outlet refrigerant temperature and outlet hot water temperature of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 shown in FIG. 8 at the time of abnormalities (clogging in the water piping, etc. has occurred, making it impossible to secure a regular amount of water circulation) Change in the state) can be detected during boiling operation. Therefore, the water circulation abnormality can be reported without erroneous detection, and the boiling operation can be stopped. Further, since the abnormality detection is determined at the boiling target temperature, the water circulation abnormality can be reported without erroneous detection and the boiling operation can be stopped regardless of what value the boiling target temperature is set to.
  • Example 3 Since the heat pump type water heater according to the third embodiment has a structure that is basically the same as that of the heat pump type hot water heater according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. I will omit it.
  • the third embodiment is a heat pump that can detect both the abnormality in the flow rate decrease that occurs in the water flow path F described in the first embodiment and the abnormality in the flow stop that occurs in the water flow path F ′ described in the second embodiment. It relates to a water heater.
  • the temperature of water heat-exchanged by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 when the compressor 104 is operating below a preset reference capacity is the target hot water temperature. If the temperature is higher than the target hot water temperature, it is determined that the flow rate of the water flowing through the water flow path F ′ is decreasing, and the temperature of the refrigerant exchanging heat in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 is equal to or higher than the target hot water temperature. It is determined that the water flow in the path F ′ is stopped.
  • steps S201 to S205 in FIG. 9 correspond to steps S1 to S5 of the first embodiment and steps S101 to S105 of the second embodiment, respectively.
  • Step S206 corresponds to step S106 of the second embodiment.
  • Steps S207 to S209 correspond to steps S6 to S8 of the first embodiment.
  • Steps S211 to S212 correspond to steps S107 to S108 of the second embodiment.
  • Step S210 corresponds to step S9 of the first embodiment and step S109 of the second embodiment.
  • abnormalities such as clogging of scales and clogging of small garbage progress gradually (that is, the flow rate decreases).
  • an abnormality such as a valve disposed in the water flow path F 'being closed or a large clogging of dust is one in which the flow suddenly stops.
  • abnormality detection for detecting that the temperature of water heat-exchanged by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 is higher than the target hot water temperature when the compressor 104 is operating at a preset reference capacity or less. Since the time required for detecting an abnormality is relatively long, it is suitable for detecting an abnormality of a flow rate decrease that progresses gradually.
  • the abnormality detection for detecting that the temperature of the refrigerant heat-exchanged in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 105 is equal to or higher than a reference temperature determined based on the target hot water temperature is abrupt because the time required for abnormality detection is relatively short. Suitable for detecting abnormalities in the flow stop that occurs.
  • any abnormality of flow rate decrease or flow stoppage can be detected with high accuracy.
  • the flow rate is suddenly reduced (for example, when medium-sized debris is clogged), the flow rate is reduced or the flow is stopped. It can be detected reliably.
  • heat pump type water heater according to the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the liquid to be heated (liquid to be heated) is a liquid other than water (for example, , Heat storage liquid, etc.).
  • a heat pump type hot water supply device for example, there is a system in which a high temperature liquid heated by a heat pump is stored in a tank, and hot water is indirectly heated using this high temperature liquid to supply hot water. It is done.
  • the water-refrigerant heat exchanger can be read as a liquid-refrigerant heat exchanger, the hot water temperature and the water temperature can be read as the liquid temperature, and the water flow path is read as the liquid flow path. be able to.
  • the heat pump type hot water heater which stores the high temperature water heated with the heat pump in the tank was demonstrated to the example, this invention is the hot water heated with the heat pump as it is to the hot water supply terminal.
  • the present invention can also be applied to a heat pump type water heater of the supply type.
  • the heat pump type hot water heater that heats the water stored in the tank by introducing it into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger has been described as an example.
  • the present invention uses the water from the water supply source as it is. -It can also be applied to heat pump water heaters that are heated by introduction into a refrigerant heat exchanger.
  • the tank unit 2 that accommodates the tank 9 and the heat pump unit 1 that accommodates the compressor 4 and the liquid-refrigerant heat exchanger 5 are described as examples.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and a tank, a compressor, and a liquid-refrigerant heat exchanger may be integrally provided in one unit.
PCT/JP2011/053374 2010-10-07 2011-02-17 ヒートポンプ式給湯機 WO2012046461A1 (ja)

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CN103154630A (zh) 2013-06-12
KR101465572B1 (ko) 2014-11-26
CN103154630B (zh) 2016-04-06

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