WO2012042712A1 - 球帯状シール体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
球帯状シール体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012042712A1 WO2012042712A1 PCT/JP2011/003916 JP2011003916W WO2012042712A1 WO 2012042712 A1 WO2012042712 A1 WO 2012042712A1 JP 2011003916 W JP2011003916 W JP 2011003916W WO 2012042712 A1 WO2012042712 A1 WO 2012042712A1
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- outer layer
- heat
- reinforcing material
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- layer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
- F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
- F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
- F16J15/12—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering
- F16J15/121—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering with metal reinforcement
- F16J15/126—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering with metal reinforcement consisting of additions, e.g. metallic fibres, metallic powders, randomly dispersed in the packing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
- F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
- F01N13/1827—Sealings specially adapted for exhaust systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L27/00—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement
- F16L27/02—Universal joints, i.e. with mechanical connection allowing angular movement or adjustment of the axes of the parts in any direction
- F16L27/04—Universal joints, i.e. with mechanical connection allowing angular movement or adjustment of the axes of the parts in any direction with partly spherical engaging surfaces
- F16L27/053—Universal joints, i.e. with mechanical connection allowing angular movement or adjustment of the axes of the parts in any direction with partly spherical engaging surfaces held in place by bolts passing through flanges
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L27/00—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement
- F16L27/02—Universal joints, i.e. with mechanical connection allowing angular movement or adjustment of the axes of the parts in any direction
- F16L27/04—Universal joints, i.e. with mechanical connection allowing angular movement or adjustment of the axes of the parts in any direction with partly spherical engaging surfaces
- F16L27/06—Universal joints, i.e. with mechanical connection allowing angular movement or adjustment of the axes of the parts in any direction with partly spherical engaging surfaces with special sealing means between the engaging surfaces
- F16L27/073—Universal joints, i.e. with mechanical connection allowing angular movement or adjustment of the axes of the parts in any direction with partly spherical engaging surfaces with special sealing means between the engaging surfaces one of the cooperating surfaces forming the sealing means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ball-shaped seal body used for a spherical pipe joint of an automobile exhaust pipe and a manufacturing method thereof.
- FIG. 25 shows an example of an exhaust passage of an automobile engine.
- Exhaust gas generated in each cylinder (not shown) of the engine is collected in an exhaust manifold catalytic converter 500 and is connected to a sub muffler through the exhaust pipe 501 and the exhaust pipe 502. 503.
- the exhaust gas that has passed through the sub-muffler 503 is further sent to the muffler (silencer) 506 through the exhaust pipe 504 and the exhaust pipe 505, and is released into the atmosphere through the muffler 506.
- connection portion 507 between the exhaust manifold catalytic converter 500 and the exhaust pipe 501 and the connection portion 508 between the exhaust pipe 504 and the exhaust pipe 505 are absorbed by vibrations such as an exhaust pipe spherical joint or a bellows type joint.
- JP 54-76759 A Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-48973 JP 58-34230 A JP-A-6-123362
- Examples of the vibration absorbing mechanism described above include an exhaust pipe joint described in Patent Document 1 and an exhaust seal used for the joint.
- the exhaust seal described in Patent Document 1 has heat resistance, excellent compatibility with the counterpart material, and has the advantage that the impact strength is remarkably improved.
- friction under dry friction conditions There is a disadvantage that frictional noise is often generated.
- the disadvantage of this exhaust seal is that the difference between the coefficient of static friction and the coefficient of dynamic friction of the heat-resistant material (expanded graphite, etc.) forming the seal is large, and the frictional resistance against the sliding speed of the exhaust seal made of this heat-resistant material is negative resistance This is considered to be caused by the fact that
- This seal body is composed of a reinforcing material made of a wire mesh and a sheet-like heat-resistant material made of expanded graphite filled and coated with a tetrafluoroethylene resin to form a belt-like composition. After forming and stacking a cylindrical laminate by spirally winding the surface filled and coated with the fluoroethylene resin so as to be located outside, the cylindrical laminate is compression-molded along the axial direction of the laminate. There is described a sealing body which is formed by the above, and an outer peripheral surface serving as a sliding surface (seal surface) is exposed on a surface filled and coated with a tetrafluoroethylene resin.
- This seal body has an ethylene tetrafluoride resin deposited on the surface, which has the effect of reducing the friction coefficient and preventing the heat-resistant material forming the base material from being transferred to the surface of the mating material. Since the friction resistance against sliding speed does not exhibit negative resistance, the ethylene resin suppresses the occurrence of self-excited vibration based on the stick-slip phenomenon (adhesion-slip) in combination with the above-mentioned effects, and generates abnormal frictional noise. It has the effect of contributing to prevention.
- the seal body described in Patent Document 2 solves the problem of the exhaust seal described in Patent Document 1, but the stick-slip phenomenon, which is the effect of the seal body disclosed in Patent Document 2, is solved.
- the effect of suppressing the generation of self-excited vibration based on this and contributing to the prevention of the generation of abnormal frictional noise is limited to the use at an atmospheric temperature acting on the sealing body below the melting point (327 ° C.) of ethylene tetrafluoride resin. When used at an ambient temperature exceeding the melting point, abnormal frictional noise due to the stick-slip phenomenon is often generated.
- the seal body coated with tetrafluoroethylene resin is in sliding contact with the mating material (concave spherical member) to form a film of tetrafluoroethylene resin on the mating material surface. Transition to the sliding between the coatings of the ethylene resin, the sliding contact state with low friction and no occurrence of abnormal frictional noise is maintained.
- the temperature of the mating material rises as the automobile travels, and eventually the ethylene tetrafluoride resin film melts when it reaches a temperature exceeding the melting point of the tetrafluoroethylene resin, and when the running stops, the temperature of the mating material decreases. Both coatings adhere.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 disclose a spherical belt-shaped substrate defined by a cylindrical inner surface, a partially convex spherical surface, and large-diameter and small-diameter annular end surfaces of the partially convex spherical surface. And an outer layer integrally formed on the partially convex spherical surface of the spherical belt-shaped substrate, and a spherical belt-shaped sealing body according to the proposal, A reinforcing material comprising a metal mesh, and a heat-resistant material containing expanded graphite that has been compressed and mixed with the reinforcing material, and which is mixed and integrated with the reinforcing material.
- the reinforcing material composed of the heat-resistant material and the wire mesh is compressed and the mesh of the reinforcing material is filled with the lubricant and the heat-resistant material so that the lubricant, the heat-resistant material and the reinforcing material are mixed and integrated, and the outer layer
- the outer surface of the surface is lubricated with a surface made of reinforcing material And a surface consisting has become a smooth sliding surface was mixed.
- the outer surface of the outer layer is a smooth surface in which a surface made of a reinforcing material and a surface made of a lubricant are mixed as described above. Therefore, it is possible to ensure smooth sliding with the concave spherical surface portion of the exhaust pipe, which is a counterpart material that is in sliding contact with the outer surface, and in the sliding friction between the outer surface and the concave spherical surface portion, the concave spherical surface portion.
- the lubricant is transferred from the outer surface to the surface of the inner surface to form a lubricant film made of the lubricant on the concave spherical surface portion, while the lubricant is excessively transferred to the concave spherical portion.
- Reinforcing materials that are scattered and exposed on the surface exert an action of scraping while leaving an appropriate lubricating film, so in sliding friction with the mating material, sliding friction with the lubricating film formed on the surface of the mating material It has the advantage that it does not shift and produces abnormal frictional noise.
- the spherical belt-shaped seal bodies described in Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4 have the above-mentioned advantages.
- a minute rocking motion or excessive axial input is applied to the spherical belt-shaped seal body for a long time.
- the reinforcing material made of wire mesh exposed on the outer layer of the ball-shaped seal body attacks the mating material surface, causing abrasive wear and causing the mating material surface to be damaged or roughened.
- the sealing performance will be significantly reduced, and with the shift to abrasive wear, it will shift to friction via wear powder accumulated on the friction surface between the ball-shaped seal body and the mating material, and abnormal friction noise will be generated May be induced.
- the present inventors pay attention to the outer layer of the ball-shaped seal body that becomes the friction sliding surface with the counterpart material, and the exposure ratio of the reinforcing material in the outer layer of the ball-shaped seal body, the heat-resisting material composed of the reinforcing material and the expanded graphite
- the present invention has been made on the basis of the above knowledge, and the object of the present invention is to reduce the sealing performance and frictional abnormality without damaging or roughening the mating material in sliding friction with the mating material.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a spherical belt-like sealing body capable of preventing the generation of sound and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the spherical band-shaped sealing body of the present invention used for an exhaust pipe joint includes a spherical inner surface defined by a cylindrical inner surface, a partially convex spherical surface, an annular end surface on the large diameter side and a small diameter side of the partial convex spherical surface, An outer layer integrally formed on the partially convex spherical surface of the belt-like substrate, and the spherical belt-like substrate is filled with a reinforcement made of a wire mesh and a mesh of the reinforcement mesh, and mixed with the reinforcement.
- a fired sliding layer made of a molten fluororesin composition containing at least a molten fluororesin, and the surface of the outer layer exposed to the outside is a smooth surface of the fired sliding layer.
- the molten fluororesin forming the fired sliding layer of the molten fluororesin composition formed integrally with the base layer on the outer layer intermediate layer surface has a low melt viscosity.
- the difference between the coefficient of static friction and the coefficient of dynamic friction is small, so that stick-slip phenomenon does not occur, and it is possible to prevent the generation of abnormal frictional noise caused by the stick-slip phenomenon. Even if it is a case, it shifts to sliding friction with the surface where a part of the reinforcing material is scattered in the heat-resistant material made of expanded graphite, and direct friction of only the heat-resistant material made of expanded graphite is avoided.
- the stick-slip phenomenon caused by the large difference between the static friction coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient of the heat-resistant material does not occur, and the occurrence of abnormal frictional noise caused by the stick-slip phenomenon can be prevented.
- the surface of the outer layer intermediate layer surface of the base layer formed of the reinforcing material and the heat-resistant material in the outer layer is preferably formed with an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the surface of the outer layer intermediate layer surface is formed with an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of 5 to 30 ⁇ m, the molten fluororesin composition deposited on the outer layer intermediate layer surface is bonded to the outer layer intermediate layer surface. Power is increased.
- the molten fluorine resin composition contains 23 to 75% by mass of hexagonal boron nitride (hereinafter abbreviated as “h-BN”) and 23 to 75% by mass of the molten fluorine resin.
- the molten fluororesin composition may further contain graphite (hereinafter abbreviated as “Gr”) in a proportion of 16% by mass or less.
- FEP tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- PTFE melt viscosity
- the metal band of the spherical band-shaped substrate and the outer layer reinforcing material is composed of, for example, a woven braided net and a braided metal net obtained by weaving or knitting fine metal wires.
- the fine metal wire forming the woven braided wire mesh and the braided wire mesh has a wire diameter in the range of 0.15 to 0.32 mm, more specifically, the wire diameter is 0.15 mm, 0.175 mm, 0.28 mm, and A thickness of 0.32 mm is preferable.
- a woven wire mesh and a braided metal mesh made of fine metal wires having the same wire diameter may be used, and as the metal mesh for the reinforcing material of the spherical belt-shaped substrate, the upper limit of the above range Using a woven wire braid and braided wire mesh consisting of fine metal wires of 0.28 to 0.32 mm on the side, and a metal wire of 0.15 to 0.175 mm on the lower limit side of the above range as the wire mesh of the reinforcing material of the outer layer Woven wire mesh and braided wire mesh may be used.
- the spherical inner surface defined by the cylindrical inner surface, the partially convex spherical surface, and the annular end surfaces on the large diameter side and the small diameter side of the partially convex spherical surface, and the partially convex spherical surface of the spherical belt substrate are integrally formed.
- the manufacturing method of the spherical band-shaped sealing body of the present invention that includes an outer layer and is used for an exhaust pipe joint includes (a) preparing a heat-resistant material for a spherical band-shaped substrate made of an expanded graphite sheet having a density of ⁇ Mg / m 3.
- the step of winding the polymer into a cylindrical shape to form a cylindrical base material and (c) reinforcement for an outer layer made of a wire mesh obtained by weaving or knitting fine metal wires between two layers of wood, a density of 0.3 ⁇ ⁇ 0.6 ⁇ Mg / m 3 Insert a heat-resistant material for the outer layer made of a stretched graphite sheet, pressurize the reinforcing material for the outer layer into which the heat-resistant material for the outer layer is inserted in the thickness direction of the reinforcing material, and mesh the mesh of the reinforcing material for the outer layer
- the outer layer heat-resistant material and the outer layer reinforcing material are tightly packed and pressed against each other so that the outer layer reinforcing material is partially embedded in the outer layer heat-resistant material.
- a flat composite sheet material having a surface in which the surface of the heat-resistant material for the outer layer and the surface of the reinforcing material for the outer layer are flush with each other, and (d) molten fluorine Preparing an aqueous dispersion of a molten fluororesin composition comprising a resin powder, a hexagonal boron nitride powder, a surfactant and water; and (e) a surface of the heat-resistant material for the outer layer of the composite sheet material and the outer layer.
- the surface of the reinforcing material is flush with the surface of the aqueous dispersion.
- a step of inserting the core into the mold and compressing the preliminary cylindrical molded body in the mold in the axial direction of the core, and the spherical base includes expanded graphite.
- the outer layer is made of a wire mesh and is filled with the compressed reinforcement material and the mesh of the wire mesh of the reinforcement material, and Including compressed graphite that is compressed and tightly crimped to the reinforcing material and has a surface that is flush with the surface of the reinforcing material that is interspersed on the surface and that forms the outer layer intermediate layer surface together with the surface
- a heat-resistant material for an outer layer made of an expanded graphite sheet having a density lower than that of the expanded graphite sheet forming the heat-resistant material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate is made of a wire mesh.
- the outer layer reinforcing material inserted between the two layers of the reinforcing material and the outer layer heat resistant material inserted is pressed in the thickness direction of the heat resistant material, and the outer layer reinforcing material wire mesh is used for the outer layer.
- the heat-resistant material for the outer layer and the surface of the reinforcing material for the outer layer are faced by densely filling the heat-resistant material and pressing them together so that the outer-layer reinforcing material is embedded in the outer-layer heat-resistant material. It is possible to form a flat composite sheet material in which the surface of the reinforcing material for the outer layer, which is uniform and flush with each other, is scattered and exposed on the surface of the heat-resistant material for the outer layer.
- the surface of the outer layer heat-resistant material and the surface of the outer layer reinforcing material are flush with each other, and the surface of the outer layer reinforcing material and the outer layer are flush with each other.
- the outer layer reinforcing material on the surface of the heat-resistant material is scattered and exposed, and the exposed surface is preferably formed with an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- a heat-resistant material for the outer layer is inserted.
- a cylindrical roller having a smooth cylindrical outer peripheral surface and a cylindrical shape having a plurality of annular grooves along the axial direction A method is preferably used in which the pressure is supplied to the gap between the roller having the outer peripheral surface and then supplied to the gap between another pair of cylindrical rollers having a smoother cylindrical outer peripheral surface.
- the outer layer reinforcing material inserted with a heat-resistant material for the outer layer is used.
- a method of supplying to a gap between at least a pair of cylindrical rollers having a smooth cylindrical outer peripheral surface is suitably used. The latter method can be adopted even when a woven or braided wire mesh made of fine metal wires having a wire diameter of 0.28 to 0.32 mm is used as the reinforcing material for the outer layer.
- the former method can be adopted even when a woven wire mesh and a braided wire mesh made of fine metal wires having a wire diameter of 0.150 to 0.175 mm are used as the wire mesh of the reinforcing material for the outer layer. is there.
- the density ⁇ of the heat-resistant material of the spherical band substrate is 1.0 to 1.5 Mg / m 3 , preferably 1.0 to 1.2 Mg / m 3.
- the density of the heat-resistant material for the outer layer is preferably 0.3 to 0.6 times the density of the heat-resistant material for the spherical base, that is, 0.3 to 0.9 Mg / m 3 , more preferably. Is 0.3 to 0.7 Mg / m 3 .
- the surface roughness of the flat composite sheet material obtained through the above step (c) is 5 to 30 ⁇ m in arithmetic average roughness Ra in a preferred example.
- the outer layer formed by the composite sheet material is integrated with the partially convex spherical surface of the spherical base, the outer layer reinforcing material is scattered and exposed on the outer layer intermediate layer surface of the outer layer. Since the surface roughness of the outer layer intermediate layer of the outer layer is 5 to 30 ⁇ m in terms of arithmetic average roughness Ra, local friction with the mating material surface is prevented as much as possible, and the mating material surface is damaged. It is possible to avoid as much as possible and to roughen the surface, and as a result, the effect of minimizing the amount of gas leakage from the friction surface between the ball-shaped seal body and the mating member is exhibited.
- the aqueous dispersion of the molten fluororesin composition coated on one surface of the composite sheet material has a molten fluororesin powder having a particle size of 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m and a particle size of 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m obtained by an emulsion polymerization method. It consists of h-Bn powder, a surfactant and water. This aqueous dispersion can further contain Gr powder, and this aqueous dispersion may contain a water-soluble organic solvent.
- the aqueous dispersion preferably has a solid content of 50% by mass and a water content of 50% by mass.
- FEP is used for the molten fluororesin.
- FEP has a melt viscosity of 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 4 Pa ⁇ s (poise) at 380 ° C.
- the content of the FEP powder contained in the aqueous dispersion (solid content 50% by mass) is 11.5 to 45% by mass, preferably 11.5 to 33% by mass.
- the content of h-BN powder contained in the aqueous dispersion (solid content 50% by mass) is 11.5 to 45% by mass, preferably 11.5 to 25% by mass. h-BN exhibits excellent lubricity particularly in a high temperature region.
- the aqueous dispersion (solid content: 50% by mass) containing the FEP powder and h-BN powder may further contain 0.5-8% by mass, preferably 1-5% by mass of Gr powder.
- the Gr powder improves the film-forming property of the coating on the surface of the mating material of the sliding layer made of the molten fluororesin composition.
- the surfactant may be any surfactant that can uniformly disperse the FEP powder in water, and any of an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant can be used.
- anionic surface activity such as sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium alkyl ether sulfate, triethanolamine alkyl sulfate, triethanolamine alkyl ether sulfate, ammonium alkyl sulfate, ammonium alkyl ether sulfate, sodium alkyl ether phosphate, sodium fluoroalkylcarboxylate Agents; cationic surfactants such as alkyl ammonium salts and alkyl benzyl ammonium salts; addition of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ester, propylene glycol-propylene oxide copolymer, perfluoroalkyl ethylene oxide 2-ethylhexanol ethylene oxide Nonionic surfactants such as adducts; amphoteric surfactants such as alkylaminoacetic acid betaines, alkylamidoacetic acid betaines, and imid
- the content of the surfactant is usually from 0.1 to 30% by mass, particularly preferably from 0.2 to 20% by mass, based on the FEP powder. If the surfactant content is too low, the dispersion of the FEP powder will not be uniform, and if the surfactant content is too high, the decomposition residue of the surfactant due to baking will increase and coloring will occur. Heat resistance, non-adhesiveness, etc. are reduced.
- a water-soluble organic solvent may be further added to the aqueous dispersion composed of the FEP powder, h-BN powder, surfactant and water.
- alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, isopropyl alcohol, glycerin, ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ether solvents such as methyl cellosolve, cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol
- glycol solvents such as ethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol
- amide solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide
- lactam solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- the content of the water-soluble organic solvent is 0.5 to 50% by weight, preferably 1 to 30% by weight, based on the total amount of water.
- the water-soluble organic solvent has a function of wetting FEP, forms a uniform mixture with h-BN, and does not adversely affect the coating because it evaporates during firing.
- the component composition of the aqueous dispersion of the molten fluororesin composition is, as a preferred example, 11.5 to 45% by mass of FEP powder having a particle size of 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m and h-BN powder having a particle size of 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m. 11.5 to 45% by mass, surfactant 0.01 to 13.5% by mass, and water (25 to 45% by mass). It may be contained in an amount of 5 to 8% by mass, or a water-soluble organic solvent may be contained in an amount of 0.1 to 22.5% by mass.
- a coating layer comprising a molten fluororesin composition coated by applying an aqueous dispersion by means of roller coating, brush coating, spraying or the like on one surface of a composite sheet material After drying at a temperature of 100 ° C., in a preferred example, it is fired in a heating furnace.
- the calcination temperature is in the range of the melting point (T) to (T + 150 ° C.) of FEP, preferably (T + 5 ° C.) to (T + 135 ° C.), more preferably (T + 10 ° C.) to (T + 125 ° C.).
- the firing temperature is, for example, in the range of 240 to 390 ° C., preferably 245 to 375 ° C., more preferably 250 to 365 ° C. If the firing temperature is too low, it is difficult to form a uniform coating layer of the molten fluororesin composition, and if the firing temperature is too high, thermal degradation of the melted fluororesin composition tends to occur.
- the reinforcing material On one surface of the composite sheet material coated with the aqueous dispersion of the molten fluororesin composition, the reinforcing material is scattered and exposed on one surface of the composite sheet material, and the arithmetic average roughness Ra is Since the thickness is 5 to 30 ⁇ m, the fired coating layer of the molten fluororesin composition after firing is firmly bonded to one surface of the composite sheet material.
- a spherical belt-like sealing body capable of preventing deterioration of sealing performance and generation of abnormal frictional noise without damaging or roughening the mating material, and its manufacture A method can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a spherical belt-shaped sealing body manufactured in an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged explanatory view of the ball-shaped seal body shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a method for forming a reinforcing material in the manufacturing process of the ball-shaped seal body of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the heat-resistant material in the manufacturing process of the ball-shaped seal body of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a wire mesh of a reinforcing material.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the polymer in the manufacturing process of the ball-shaped seal body of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a spherical belt-shaped sealing body manufactured in an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged explanatory view of the ball-shaped seal body shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of the cylindrical base material in the manufacturing process of the ball-shaped seal body of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of the cylindrical base material shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the manufacturing process of the composite sheet material in the manufacturing process of the ball-shaped seal body of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a front view of a roller having a plurality of annular grooves in the manufacturing process of the composite sheet material shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a state in which a heat-resistant material is inserted into a reinforcing material made of a cylindrical braided wire net in the manufacturing process of the composite sheet material shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a front view of a roller having a plurality of annular grooves in the manufacturing process of the composite sheet material shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a state in which a heat-resistant material is inserted into a reinforcing material made of
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the heat-resistant material inserted into the reinforcing material in the manufacturing process of the composite sheet material shown in FIG. 9 is positioned between a roller having a plurality of annular grooves and a cylindrical roller.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the heat-resistant material inserted into the reinforcing material in the manufacturing process of the composite sheet material shown in FIG. 9 is pressed by a roller having a plurality of annular grooves and a cylindrical roller.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory view showing a state after the heat-resistant material inserted into the reinforcing material in the manufacturing process of the composite sheet material shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is pressed by a roller having a plurality of annular grooves and a cylindrical roller.
- FIG. 15 shows the heat resistance material inserted into the reinforcing material in the manufacturing process of the composite sheet material shown in FIG. 9 after being pressed by a roller having a plurality of annular grooves and a cylindrical roller, and then pressed by a pair of cylindrical rollers.
- FIG. FIG. 16 is an explanatory view showing a composite sheet material manufactured through the manufacturing process of the composite sheet material shown in FIG.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory view showing another manufacturing process of the composite sheet material in the manufacturing process of the ball-shaped seal body of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is an explanatory view showing a state in which a heat-resistant material is inserted into a reinforcing material made of a cylindrical braided wire net in the manufacturing process of the composite sheet material shown in FIG.
- FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the heat-resistant material inserted into the reinforcing material in the manufacturing process of the composite sheet material shown in FIG. 17 is positioned between a pair of cylindrical rollers.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory view showing a composite sheet material manufactured through the manufacturing process of the composite sheet material shown in FIG.
- FIG. 21 is an explanatory view showing an outer layer forming member in the manufacturing process of the ball-shaped seal body of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a plan view showing a preliminary cylindrical molded body in the manufacturing process of the ball-shaped seal body of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which a pre-cylindrical molded body is inserted into a mold in the manufacturing process of the ball-shaped seal body of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an exhaust pipe joint incorporating the ball-shaped seal body of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is an explanatory view showing an exhaust system of an automobile engine.
- the above-mentioned acid-treated graphite powder is heated (expanded) at a temperature of 950 to 1200 ° C. for 1 to 10 seconds to generate decomposition gas, and expanded between the graphite layers by the gas pressure (expansion magnification). 240 to 300 times).
- the expanded graphite particles are supplied to a double roller apparatus adjusted to a desired roll gap and roll-molded to produce an expanded graphite sheet having a desired thickness, and this expanded graphite sheet is used as a heat-resistant material.
- a heat-resistant material having a density of 1.0 to 1.5 Mg / m 3 , preferably 1.0 to 1.2 Mg / m 3 is used for the ball-shaped base when the ball-shaped seal body is manufactured.
- the outer layer is preferably 0.3 to 0.6 times the density of the heat-resistant material used for the spherical belt-shaped substrate at the time of manufacturing the spherical belt-shaped sealing body, that is, 0.3.
- a heat-resistant material having a density of ⁇ 0.9 Mg / m 3 , preferably 0.3 to 0.7 Mg / m 3 is preferably used.
- Reinforcing materials include austenitic SUS304, SUS310S, SUS316, ferritic SUS430, iron wire (JISG3532) or galvanized steel wire (JISG3547), or copper-copper-nickel alloy (white copper).
- Woven wire mesh or braid formed by weaving or braiding one or more metal wires made of wire, copper-nickel-zinc alloy (white and white) wire, brass wire, beryllium copper wire Wire mesh is used.
- the fine metal wire having a wire diameter in the range of 0.15 to 0.32 mm specifically, the fine metal wire having a wire diameter of 0.15 mm, 0.175 mm, 0.28 mm and 0.32 mm.
- the mesh width of the woven braided wire or braided wire mesh formed of the fine metal wires having the wire diameter is preferably about 4 to 6 mm in length and 3 to 5 mm in width in FIG. 5 showing the braided wire mesh. .
- the molten fluororesin composition forming the coating layer comprises (1) 11.5 to 45% by mass of FEP powder and 11.5 to 45% by mass of h-BN powder having a particle diameter of 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m. 10. An aqueous dispersion comprising 0.01 to 13.5% by mass of a surfactant and the remaining water; (2) 11.5 to 45% by mass of FEP powder and h-BN powder having a particle size of 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m.
- Aqueous dispersion comprising 5 to 45% by weight, graphite powder 0.5 to 8% by weight, surfactant 0.01 to 13.5% by weight and the balance water, (3) FEP powder 11.5 to 45% by weight H-BN powder having a particle size of 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m, 11.5 to 45% by mass, surfactant 0.01 to 13.5% by mass, water-soluble organic solvent 0.1 to 22.5% by mass, and the balance
- An aqueous dispersion comprising water, (4) 11.5 to 45% by mass of FEP powder, H-BN powder having a particle diameter of 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m, 11.5 to 45% by mass, graphite powder 0.5 to 8% by mass, surfactant 0.01 to 13.5% by mass, water-soluble organic solvent 0. It is applied in the form of an aqueous dispersion consisting of 1 to 22.5% by weight and the balance water.
- the mesh width formed by knitting a thin metal wire having a wire diameter of 0.15 to 0.32 mm, preferably 0.28 to 0.32 mm in a cylindrical shape has a vertical length.
- a cylindrical braided wire mesh 1 having a width of about 4 to 6 mm and a width of about 3 to 5 mm (see FIG. 5) is passed between the rollers 2 and 3 as shown in FIG.
- a reinforcing member 5 for a spherical belt-shaped substrate obtained by cutting the substrate into a predetermined length L is prepared.
- the reinforcing material 5 has a width d of (1.10 ⁇ D) mm to (2.10 ⁇ D) mm with respect to the width D of the reinforcing material 5.
- the density is 1.0 to 1.5 Mg / m 3 , preferably 1. so as to have a length l of (1.30 ⁇ L) mm to (2.70 ⁇ L) mm with respect to the length L.
- a heat-resistant material 6 for a 0 to 1.2 Mg / m 3 spherical band substrate is prepared.
- the heat-resistant material is a maximum of (0.10 to 0.80) ⁇ Dmm from one end edge 7 in the width direction of the reinforcing member 5 that becomes the annular end surface 35 on the large diameter side of the partially convex spherical surface 34.
- the heat-resistant material 6 protrudes in the width direction, and the amount of protrusion ⁇ 1 of the heat-resistant material 6 in the width direction from the end edge 7 becomes the annular end surface 36 on the small diameter side of the partially convex spherical surface 34 from the other end edge 8 in the width direction of the reinforcing member 5. So that the heat-resistant material 6 protrudes from the one end edge 9 in the length direction of the reinforcing material 5 by a maximum of (0.30 to 1.70) ⁇ Lmm in the length direction. And the other edge 10 in the length direction of the reinforcing material 5 and the heat-resistant material 6 corresponding to the edge 10. It is made to match the direction of the end edge 11 to obtain a polymer 12 superimposed with each other and a reinforcing member 5 with the heat-resistant material 6.
- the polymer 12 is spirally wound with the heat-resistant material 6 inside, and wound so that the heat-resistant material 6 is increased once, both on the inner and outer peripheral sides.
- the cylindrical base material 13 with the heat-resistant material 6 exposed is formed.
- (2.70 ⁇ L) mm having a length l is prepared in advance.
- the cylindrical base material 13 as shown in FIG.
- the heat-resistant material 6 protrudes from the one edge 7 of the reinforcing material 5 by ⁇ 1 in the width direction on one edge side in the width direction.
- the other end edge 8 of the reinforcing member 5 protrudes from the other end edge 8 of the reinforcing member 5 by ⁇ 2 in the width direction.
- a heat-resistant material for the outer layer having a density of 0.3 to 0.9 Mg / m 3 , preferably 0.3 to 0.6 Mg / m 3 is prepared.
- a cylindrical braided wire net obtained by continuously knitting a thin metal wire having a wire diameter of 0.15 to 0.32 mm, preferably 0.15 to 0.28 mm with a knitting machine (not shown).
- the outer layer heat-resistant material 14 is continuously inserted into the outer layer reinforcing material 15 (see FIG. 9), and the reinforcing material 15 into which the heat-resistant material 14 has been inserted is inserted into a smooth cylindrical outer peripheral surface from its insertion start end. Is supplied to a gap ⁇ 1 between a cylindrical roller 16 having a cylindrical shape and a roller 18 (see FIGS. 9 and 10) having a cylindrical outer peripheral surface having a plurality of annular grooves 17 along the axial direction.
- a sheet material 21 (see FIG. 16) is formed, and this is cut into a length that allows the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical base material 13 to be wound once.
- the gap ⁇ 1 between the cylindrical roller 16 and the roller 18 having a plurality of annular grooves 17 on the outer peripheral surface along the axial direction is preferably set in the range of 0.35 to 0.60 mm.
- the gap ⁇ 2 between 19 and 20 is preferably set in the range of 0.45 to 0.65 mm.
- the heat resistant material 14 for the outer layer having a density of 0.3 to 0.9 Mg / m 3 , preferably 0.3 to 0.6 Mg / m 3.
- an outer layer comprising a cylindrical braided wire net obtained by continuously knitting a thin metal wire having a wire diameter of 0.15 to 0.32 mm, preferably 0.15 to 0.175 mm with a knitting machine (not shown).
- a heat-resistant material 14 for the outer layer is continuously inserted into the reinforcing material 15 (see FIG. 17), and the outer-layer reinforcing material 15 into which the heat-resistant material 14 has been inserted is inserted into a smooth cylindrical outer periphery from the insertion start end side.
- An outer layer is supplied to a gap ⁇ 1 between a pair of cylindrical rollers 16a and 18a having a surface and pressed in the thickness direction of the heat-resistant material 14 (see FIGS. 18 and 19), and the outer layer is formed in a metal mesh of the reinforcing material 15 for the outer layer.
- the outer heat-resistant material 14 is closely packed, and a part of the outer-layer reinforcing material 15 is exposed to the surface of the heat-resistant material 14 and the other portions are buried in the outer layer. Then, the surface of the heat-resistant material 14 for the outer layer and the surface of the reinforcing material 15 for the outer layer A flat composite sheet material 21 (see FIG. 20) in which the surface of the heat-resistant material 14 and the surface of the reinforcing material 15 are exposed is formed, and the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical base material 13 can be wound once. Cut to a certain length.
- the gap ⁇ 1 between the pair of cylindrical rollers 16a and 18a is preferably set in the range of 0.35 to 0.60 mm. Also in the second method, it is supplied to the gap ⁇ 2 between the pair of cylindrical rollers 19 and 20 having another smooth cylindrical outer peripheral surface in the first method (see FIGS. 9 and 15). You may put the process to pressurize.
- the outer layer reinforcing material (band metal mesh) 15 has the same width as the width D and has a density of 0.
- a heat-resistant material 14 for the outer layer having a density of 3 to 0.9 Mg / m 3 , preferably a density of 0.3 to 0.6 Mg / m 3 is separately prepared.
- a plain woven wire mesh is prepared as a woven wire mesh formed by weaving fine metal wires having a wire diameter of 0.15 to 0.32 mm, preferably 0.15 to 0.175 mm.
- the reinforcing material 15 is cut into a predetermined length and width, and two reinforcing materials 15 for the outer layer are prepared.
- the outer layer heat-resistant material 14 is inserted (sandwiched) between the two outer-layer reinforcing materials 15 and is pressed in the thickness direction of the heat-resistant material 14 through a gap between a pair of cylindrical rollers. A part of the outer layer reinforcing material 15 is exposed to the surface of the heat-resistant material 14 and is crimped to each other so that other portions are buried, and the surface of the outer layer heat-resistant material 14 and the outer layer reinforcing material 15 are pressed.
- the flat composite sheet material 21 in which the surface of the heat-resistant material 14 and the surface of the reinforcing material 15 are exposed is formed, and the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical base material 13 can be wound once. Cut to a certain length.
- the gap between the pair of cylindrical rollers is preferably set in the range of 0.35 to 0.60 mm.
- it is supplied to the gap ⁇ 2 between the pair of cylindrical rollers 19 and 20 having another smooth cylindrical outer peripheral surface in the first method (see FIGS. 9 and 15). You may put the process to pressurize.
- a flat composite sheet obtained by the first, second and third methods having the surface 52 of the outer layer heat-resistant material 14 and the surface 41 of the outer layer reinforcing material 15 exposed together with the surface 52.
- the surface roughness of one surface 51 of the material 21 is preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m in terms of arithmetic average roughness Ra.
- the springback is small, while the density of the heat-resistant material 14 for the outer layer is as low as 0.3 to 0.9 Mg / m 3 (0.3 to 0.6 times the density of the heat-resistant material 6 for the spherical band substrate).
- the outer-layer heat-resistant material 14 and the outer-layer reinforcing material 15 are the outer-layer heat-resistant material 14. Is a supplement for the outer layer
- the metal mesh of the material 15 is densely packed with no gap, and part of the outer layer reinforcing material 15 in the outer layer heat-resistant material 14 is exposed on the surface, and the other part is the heat-resistant material for the outer layer. 14 are embedded and pressure-bonded to each other.
- the surface 41 of the reinforcing material 15 is exposed together with the surface 52 of the heat-resistant material 14 on one surface 51 of the composite sheet material 21.
- the surface roughness of the composite sheet material 21 in which the surface 41 of the reinforcing material 15 is exposed together with the surface 41 of the heat-resistant material 14 on one surface 51 of the composite sheet material 21 is 5 to 30 ⁇ m in terms of arithmetic average roughness Ra. Yes.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra of one surface 51 of the composite sheet material 21 where the surface 41 of the reinforcing material 15 is exposed is obtained by measuring the surface roughness at 60 locations in the width direction and the length direction of the composite sheet material 21. The average value is shown.
- Aqueous dispersion (4) FEP powder 11.5-45 mass% and particle size 0 01 to 1 ⁇ m of h-BN powder 11.5 to 45% by mass, graphite powder 0.5 to 8% by mass, surfactant 0.01 to 13.5% by mass, and water-soluble organic solvent 0.1 to 22.5
- An aqueous dispersion consisting of mass% and the balance water is prepared.
- the aqueous dispersion of (1) to (4) is applied to the surface 51 of the composite sheet material 21 produced by any one of the first, second and third methods by roller coating, brush coating, spraying, etc.
- the aqueous dispersion is dried at a temperature of 100 ° C. to form a coating layer of the molten fluororesin composition on the surface 51 of the composite sheet material 21, and then the melting point of FEP (T: 240) in a heating furnace.
- T + 150 ° C. preferably (T + 5 ° C.) to (T + 135 ° C.), more preferably (T + 10 ° C.) to (T + 125 ° C.) at a temperature (250 to 365 ° C.).
- An outer layer forming member 23 in which a fired coating layer 22 made of a molten fluororesin composition is formed on one surface 51 of the material 21 is formed.
- the outer layer forming member 23 obtained in this way is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical base material 13 with the fired coating layer 22 facing outside, and a preliminary cylindrical molded body 24 is produced (see FIG. 22).
- the inner surface is provided with a cylindrical inner wall surface 25, a partially concave spherical surface 26 continuous with the cylindrical inner wall surface 25, and a through hole 27 continuous with the partial concave spherical surface 26, and a stepped core 28 is fitted into the through hole 27.
- a mold 31 as shown in FIG. 23 in which a hollow cylindrical portion 29 and a spherical band-shaped hollow portion 30 connected to the hollow cylindrical portion 29 are formed is prepared, and a stepped core 28 of the mold 31 is prepared.
- the preliminary cylindrical molded body 24 is inserted into the.
- the pre-cylindrical molded body 24 disposed in the hollow cylindrical portion 29 and the spherical belt-shaped hollow portion 30 of the mold 31 is compression-molded at a pressure of 98 to 392 N / mm 2 (1 to 4 ton / cm 2 ) in the core axial direction.
- a spherical base 37 having a through hole 32 at the center and defined by a cylindrical inner surface 33 and annular end surfaces 35 and 36 on the large diameter side and small diameter side of the partially convex spherical surface 34.
- a spherical belt-shaped sealing body 39 including the outer layer 38 integrally formed on the partially convex spherical surface 34 of the spherical belt-shaped substrate 37 is produced.
- the spherical belt-shaped substrate 37 is configured such that the heat-resistant material 6 for the spherical belt-shaped substrate and the reinforcing material 5 for the spherical belt-shaped substrate are compressed and intertwined to have structural integrity.
- the surface 44 of the outer layer 38 includes an outer layer intermediate layer surface 42 (composite sheet material) composed of a surface 52 of the outer layer heat-resistant material 14 and a surface 41 of the outer-layer reinforcing material 15 that is flush with the surface 52 of the heat-resistant material 14. 21 is equivalent to one surface 51 of 21), and is formed of a smooth surface 45 of a fired sliding layer 40 (corresponding to the fired coating layer 22) of the molten fluororesin composition integrally deposited thereon.
- the polymer base material 13 is wound in a spiral shape with the reinforcing material 5 made of the belt-like wire mesh 4 inside.
- a ball-shaped seal body 39 in which the reinforcing material 5 made of a wire mesh is exposed on the cylindrical inner surface 33 of the ball-shaped substrate 37 can be produced.
- the fitting force when press-fitting to the outer peripheral surface of the exhaust pipe is increased, and the outer peripheral surface of the exhaust pipe is firmly fixed. Is done.
- the produced spherical belt-shaped sealing body 39 includes a cylindrical inner surface 33, a partially convex spherical surface 34, and a spherical belt-shaped substrate 37 defined by annular end surfaces 35 and 36 on the large diameter side and the small diameter side of the partial convex spherical surface 34.
- An outer layer 38 integrally formed on the partially convex spherical surface 34 of the spherical belt-shaped substrate 37, and the spherical belt-shaped substrate 37 is filled with a reinforcing material 5 made of a wire mesh and a mesh of the wire mesh of the reinforcing material 5.
- the reinforcing material 15 is scattered on the outer layer intermediate layer surface 42 of the base layer 46 formed of the reinforcing material 15 and the heat-resistant material 14 in the outer layer 38, and the surface roughness of the outer layer intermediate layer surface 42.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra is 5 to 30 ⁇ m, and the surface 44 of the outer layer 38 exposed to the outside is composed of the smooth surface 45 of the fired sliding layer 40.
- the spherical belt-like seal body 39 is used by being incorporated in the exhaust pipe spherical joint shown in FIG. That is, in the exhaust pipe spherical joint shown in FIG. 24, a flange 102 is erected on the outer peripheral surface of the upstream exhaust pipe 100 connected to the engine side, leaving the pipe end 101.
- the ball-shaped seal body 39 is fitted and fixed on the cylindrical inner surface 33 that defines the through-hole 32, and the ball-shaped seal body 39 is seated against the flange 102 at the annular end surface 35 on the large diameter side.
- the downstream exhaust pipe 200 disposed opposite to the upstream exhaust pipe 100 and connected to the muffler side is integrally provided with a concave spherical portion 201 and a flange portion 202 connected to the concave spherical portion 201.
- the enlarged diameter portion 203 is fixed, and the inner surface 204 of the concave spherical surface portion 201 is in sliding contact with the smooth surface 45 of the firing sliding layer 40 in the outer layer 38 of the ball-shaped seal body 39.
- a pair of bolts 300 having one end fixed to the flange 102 and the other end inserted through the flange portion 202 of the enlarged diameter portion 203 and the enormous head and flange portion of the bolt 300. Due to the pair of coil springs 400 arranged between 202, the downstream exhaust pipe 200 is always biased with a spring force toward the upstream exhaust pipe 100.
- the exhaust pipe spherical joint has a smooth surface 45 as a sliding surface of the outer layer 38 of the spherical seal 39 and the downstream exhaust pipe 200 with respect to relative angular displacement occurring in the upper and downstream exhaust pipes 100, 200. This is configured to allow this by sliding contact with the inner surface 204 of the concave spherical surface portion 201 of the enlarged-diameter portion 203 formed at the end portion.
- Examples 1 to 3 Using one austenitic stainless steel wire (SUS304) with a wire diameter of 0.28 mm as a thin metal wire, a cylindrical braided wire mesh with a mesh width of 4 mm and a width of 5 mm is produced, and this is passed between a pair of rollers. A belt-like wire mesh was used as a reinforcing material for a spherical belt-like substrate. An expanded graphite sheet having a density of 1.12 Mg / m 3 and a thickness of 0.38 mm was used as a heat-resistant material for the spherical belt-like substrate.
- the reinforcing material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate is superimposed on the inner side of the heat-resistant material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate and wound in a spiral shape to form a spherical shape on the outermost periphery.
- a cylindrical base material on which a heat-resistant material for the substrate was positioned was produced. In this cylindrical base material, both end portions in the width direction of the heat-resistant material for the sphere-shaped base are respectively projected (extruded) in the width direction of the reinforcing material for the sphere-shaped base.
- an expanded graphite sheet having a density of 0.5 Mg / m 3 and a thickness of 1.35 mm was used.
- an austenitic stainless steel wire (SUS304) having a wire diameter of 0.15 mm is used to continuously knit a cylindrical braided wire mesh, and an outer layer heat resistant material is continuously provided on the inner surface of the cylindrical braided wire mesh.
- the outer layer reinforcing material into which the heat-resistant material is inserted from the insertion start end of the heat-resistant material is inserted into the gap between the cylindrical roller and the roller having a plurality of annular grooves along the outer peripheral surface in the axial direction (
- the gap ⁇ 1 is 0.50 mm) and is pressed in the thickness direction of the heat-resistant material, and is further supplied to a gap between another pair of cylindrical rollers (the gap ⁇ 2 is 0.45 mm).
- the outer layer reinforcement heat-resistant material is tightly filled in the mesh of the outer layer reinforcing material wire mesh and pressed together so that the outer layer reinforcement material is embedded in the outer layer heat-resistant material.
- a flat composite sheet material in which the surface of the reinforcing material and the surface of the heat-resistant material for the outer layer were scattered and exposed was prepared.
- the surface of the reinforcing material was scattered and exposed along with the surface of the heat resistant material on one surface of the composite sheet material, and the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface was 8.28 ⁇ m.
- FEP powder having an average particle size of 0.2 ⁇ m
- h-BN powder having an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m
- polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (nonionic) as a surfactant
- the above-mentioned aqueous dispersion is roller-coated on the surface of the reinforcing sheet where the surface of the composite sheet is interspersed with the surface of the heat-resistant material and exposed, and this aqueous dispersion is coated by roller coating
- the composite sheet material having a coating layer of the molten fluororesin composition thus prepared is dried and then baked at a temperature of 340 ° C. for 20 minutes in a heating furnace, and the molten fluororesin composition (FEP25-75) is formed on the surface of the composite sheet material.
- An outer layer forming member having a fired coating layer composed of 25% by mass of h-BN) was produced.
- the outer layer forming member was wound around the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical base material with the fired coating layer on the outer side to prepare a preliminary cylindrical molded body.
- the preliminary cylindrical molded body was inserted into the stepped core of the mold shown in FIG. 23, and the preliminary cylindrical molded body was positioned in the hollow portion of the mold.
- a pre-cylindrical molded body placed in the hollow part of the mold is compression-molded with a pressure of 294 N / mm 2 (3 ton / cm 2 ) in the core axial direction, and has a through-hole in the central part and a cylindrical inner surface and a partially convex spherical shape.
- a spherical belt-shaped sealing body was obtained comprising a spherical belt-shaped substrate defined by the large-diameter side and small-diameter annular end surfaces of the surface, and an outer layer integrally formed on the partially convex spherical surface of the spherical belt-shaped substrate.
- the spherical belt-shaped substrate is configured such that the heat-resistant material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate and the reinforcing material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate made of a wire mesh are compressed and entangled with each other to have structural integrity.
- the outer layer surface was integrally formed on the base layer with the outer layer intermediate layer surface comprising the outer layer heat-resistant material surface and the outer-layer reinforcing material surface flush with the heat-resistant material surface. It is formed on a smooth surface of a fired sliding layer composed of a fired coating layer (FEP 27-73 mass%, h-BN 25-75 mass%) of a molten fluororesin composition.
- a fired sliding layer composed of a fired coating layer (FEP 27-73 mass%, h-BN 25-75 mass%) of a molten fluororesin composition.
- Example 4 A cylindrical base material was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the same constituent materials as in Example 1. In this cylindrical base material, both end portions in the width direction of the heat-resistant material protrude (extrude) in the width direction of the reinforcing material.
- an expanded graphite sheet having a density of 0.5 Mg / m 3 and a thickness of 1.35 mm was used.
- an austenitic stainless steel wire (SUS304) having a wire diameter of 0.28 mm is used to continuously knit a cylindrical braided wire mesh, and an outer layer heat resistant material is continuously provided on the inner surface of the cylindrical braided wire mesh.
- the reinforcing material into which the heat-resistant material is inserted from the insertion start end of the heat-resistant material is inserted into the gap between the cylindrical roller and the roller having a plurality of annular grooves along the outer circumferential surface in the axial direction (gap ⁇ 1 is 0.50 mm) and pressed in the thickness direction of the heat-resistant material, and further supplied to a gap between another pair of cylindrical rollers (gap ⁇ 2 was set to 0.45 mm) and pressurized.
- the outer layer heat-resistant material is densely filled in the mesh of the outer layer reinforcing material and the outer layer heat-resistant material is pressure-bonded so that the outer-layer reinforcing material is embedded in the outer layer heat-resistant material.
- the surface and the surface of the reinforcing material for the outer layer are formed flush with each other and the reinforcement
- a flat composite sheet material in which the surface of the material and the surface of the heat-resistant material for the outer layer were scattered and exposed was produced.
- the surface of the reinforcing material was scattered and exposed along with the surface of the heat-resistant material on one surface of the composite sheet material, and the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface was 19.3 ⁇ m.
- the above-mentioned aqueous dispersion is applied by roller coating on the surface of the side of the reinforcing material that is scattered and exposed together with the surface of the heat-resistant material on one surface of the composite sheet material, and is applied by roller coating of the aqueous dispersion.
- the composite sheet material After drying the composite sheet material having the coating layer of the molten fluororesin composition, the composite sheet material was baked at a temperature of 340 ° C. for 20 minutes in a heating furnace, and the molten fluororesin composition (FEP 55% by mass, An outer layer forming member having a fired coating layer made of h-BN (45% by mass) was produced.
- the outer layer forming member was wound around the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical base material with the fired coating layer on the outer side to prepare a preliminary cylindrical molded body.
- a preliminary cylindrical molded body was defined by a cylindrical inner surface, a partially convex spherical surface, and a large-diameter side and a small-diameter annular end surface of the partially convex spherical surface in the center portion.
- a spherical belt-shaped sealing body including a spherical belt-shaped substrate and an outer layer integrally formed on a partially convex spherical surface of the spherical belt-shaped substrate was obtained.
- the spherical belt-shaped substrate is configured such that the heat-resistant material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate and the reinforcing material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate made of a wire mesh are compressed and entangled with each other to have structural integrity.
- the outer layer surface was integrally formed on the base layer with the outer layer intermediate layer surface comprising the outer layer heat-resistant material surface and the outer-layer reinforcing material surface flush with the heat-resistant material surface. It is formed on a smooth surface of a fired sliding layer composed of a fired coating layer (FEP 55 mass%, h-BN 45 mass%) of a molten fluororesin composition.
- a fired sliding layer composed of a fired coating layer (FEP 55 mass%, h-BN 45 mass%) of a molten fluororesin composition.
- Examples 5-7 A cylindrical base material was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the same constituent materials as in Example 1. In this cylindrical base material, both end portions in the width direction of the heat-resistant material protrude (extrude) in the width direction of the reinforcing material.
- the expanded graphite sheet similar to that of Example 1 is used as the heat-resistant material for the outer layer
- the reinforcing material similar to that of Example 1 is used as the reinforcing material for the outer layer
- a composite sheet material was produced. In this composite sheet material, the surface of the reinforcing material was scattered and exposed along with the surface of the heat-resistant material on one surface of the composite sheet material, and the arithmetic average surface roughness Ra of the surface was 8.32 ⁇ m.
- Natural graphite passing through a 400-mesh sieve (hereinafter referred to as “11.5-36.5% by mass) of FEP powder having an average particle size of 0.2 ⁇ m and 11.5-36.5% by mass of h-BN powder having an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m (hereinafter“ (Abbreviated as Gr))
- An aqueous dispersion comprising 2.0 to 4.5% by mass of a powder, 5% by mass of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (nonionic surfactant) as a surfactant and 45% by mass of water was prepared. did.
- the above-mentioned aqueous dispersion is roller-coated on the surface of the reinforcing sheet where the surface of the composite sheet is interspersed with the surface of the heat-resistant material and exposed, and this aqueous dispersion is coated by roller coating
- the composite sheet material having the coating layer of the molten fluororesin composition thus prepared is dried and then baked in a heating furnace at a temperature of 340 ° C. for 20 minutes, and the molten fluororesin composition (FEP23 to 73 on the surface of the composite sheet material).
- An outer layer forming member having a fired coating layer formed of 20 mass%, h-BN 23 to 73 mass%, and Gr 4.0 to 9.0 mass% was produced.
- the outer layer forming member was wound around the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical base material with the fired coating layer on the outer side to prepare a preliminary cylindrical molded body.
- a preliminary cylindrical molded body was defined by a cylindrical inner surface, a partially convex spherical surface, and a large-diameter side and a small-diameter annular end surface of the partially convex spherical surface in the center portion.
- a spherical belt-shaped sealing body including a spherical belt-shaped substrate and an outer layer integrally formed on a partially convex spherical surface of the spherical belt-shaped substrate was obtained.
- the spherical belt-shaped substrate is configured such that the heat-resistant material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate and the reinforcing material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate made of a wire mesh are compressed and entangled with each other to have structural integrity.
- the outer layer surface was integrally formed on the base layer with the outer layer intermediate layer surface comprising the outer layer heat-resistant material surface and the outer-layer reinforcing material surface flush with the heat-resistant material surface. It is formed on a smooth surface of a fired sliding layer comprising a fired coating layer (FEP 23 to 73 mass%, h-BN 23 to 73 mass%, Gr 4.0 to 9.0 mass%) of a molten fluororesin composition.
- a fired sliding layer comprising a fired coating layer (FEP 23 to 73 mass%, h-BN 23 to 73 mass%, Gr 4.0 to 9.0 mass%) of a molten fluororesin composition.
- Example 8 A cylindrical base material was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the same constituent materials as in Example 1. In this cylindrical base material, both end portions in the width direction of the heat-resistant material protrude (extrude) in the width direction of the reinforcing material.
- the expanded graphite sheet similar to that of Example 1 is used as the heat-resistant material for the outer layer
- the reinforcing material similar to that of Example 1 is used as the reinforcing material for the outer layer
- a composite sheet material was produced. In this composite sheet material, the surface of the reinforcing material was scattered and exposed along with the surface of the heat-resistant material on one surface of the composite sheet material, and the arithmetic average surface roughness Ra of the surface was 8.34 ⁇ m.
- the above-mentioned aqueous dispersion is roller-coated on the surface of the reinforcing sheet where the surface of the composite sheet is interspersed with the surface of the heat-resistant material and exposed, and this aqueous dispersion is coated by roller coating
- the composite sheet material having the coating layer of the molten fluororesin composition thus prepared was dried and then baked at a temperature of 340 ° C. for 20 minutes in a heating furnace, and the molten fluororesin composition (FEP 55% by mass) was formed on the surface of the composite sheet material. , H-BN (45% by mass) was produced.
- the outer layer forming member was wound around the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical base material with the fired coating layer on the outer side to prepare a preliminary cylindrical molded body.
- a preliminary cylindrical molded body was defined by a cylindrical inner surface, a partially convex spherical surface, and a large-diameter side and a small-diameter annular end surface of the partially convex spherical surface in the center portion.
- a spherical belt-shaped sealing body including a spherical belt-shaped substrate and an outer layer integrally formed on a partially convex spherical surface of the spherical belt-shaped substrate was obtained.
- the spherical belt-shaped substrate is configured such that the heat-resistant material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate and the reinforcing material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate made of a wire mesh are compressed and entangled with each other to have structural integrity.
- the outer layer surface was integrally formed on the base layer with the outer layer intermediate layer surface comprising the outer layer heat-resistant material surface and the outer-layer reinforcing material surface flush with the heat-resistant material surface. It is formed on a smooth surface of a sliding layer composed of a fired coating layer (FEP 55 mass%, h-BN 45 mass%) of a molten fluororesin composition.
- a fired coating layer FEP 55 mass%, h-BN 45 mass%
- Example 9 A cylindrical base material was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the same constituent materials as in Example 1. In this cylindrical base material, both end portions in the width direction of the heat-resistant material protrude (extrude) in the width direction of the reinforcing material.
- the expanded graphite sheet similar to that of Example 1 is used as the heat-resistant material for the outer layer
- the reinforcing material similar to that of Example 1 is used as the reinforcing material for the outer layer
- a composite sheet material was produced. In this composite sheet material, the surface of the reinforcing material was scattered and exposed along with the surface of the heat-resistant material on one surface of the composite sheet material, and the arithmetic average surface roughness Ra of the surface was 8.40 ⁇ m.
- the above-mentioned aqueous dispersion is roller-coated on the surface of the reinforcing sheet where the surface of the composite sheet is interspersed with the surface of the heat-resistant material and exposed, and this aqueous dispersion is coated by roller coating
- the composite sheet material having the coating layer of the molten fluororesin composition thus prepared is dried and then baked at a temperature of 340 ° C. for 20 minutes in a heating furnace, and the molten fluororesin composition (FEP 50% by mass) is formed on the surface of the composite sheet material. , H-BN 41 mass%, Gr 9 mass%) was produced.
- the outer layer forming member was wound around the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical base material with the fired coating layer on the outer side to prepare a preliminary cylindrical molded body.
- the center portion has a through hole and is defined by the cylindrical inner surface, the partially convex spherical surface, and the annular end surfaces on the large diameter side and the small diameter side of the partially convex spherical surface.
- a spherical belt-shaped sealing body including a spherical belt-shaped substrate and an outer layer integrally formed on a partially convex spherical surface of the spherical belt-shaped substrate was obtained.
- the spherical belt-shaped substrate is configured such that the heat-resistant material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate and the reinforcing material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate made of a wire mesh are compressed and entangled with each other to have structural integrity.
- the outer layer surface was integrally formed on the base layer with the outer layer intermediate layer surface comprising the outer layer heat-resistant material surface and the outer-layer reinforcing material surface flush with the heat-resistant material surface. It is formed on a smooth surface of a fired sliding layer composed of a fired coating layer (FEP 50 mass%, h-BN 41 mass%, Gr 9 mass%) of a molten fluororesin composition.
- a fired sliding layer composed of a fired coating layer (FEP 50 mass%, h-BN 41 mass%, Gr 9 mass%) of a molten fluororesin composition.
- Comparative Example 1 Using one austenitic stainless steel wire (SUS304) with a wire diameter of 0.28 mm as a thin metal wire, a cylindrical braided wire mesh with a mesh width of 4 mm and a width of 5 mm is produced, and this is passed between a pair of rollers. A belt-like wire mesh was used as a reinforcing material for a spherical belt-like substrate. An expanded graphite sheet having a density of 1.12 Mg / m 3 and a thickness of 0.38 mm was used as a heat-resistant material for the spherical belt-like substrate.
- the reinforcing material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate is superimposed on the inner side of the heat-resistant material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate and wound in a spiral shape to form a spherical shape on the outermost periphery.
- a cylindrical base material on which a heat-resistant material for the substrate was positioned was produced. In this cylindrical base material, both end portions in the width direction of the heat-resistant material for the sphere-shaped base are respectively projected (extruded) in the width direction of the reinforcing material for the sphere-shaped base.
- a heat-resistant material similar to the above was separately prepared as the heat-resistant material, and the heat-resistant material was inserted into the belt-shaped wire mesh.
- a heat-resistant material similar to the above is prepared separately, and one surface of the heat-resistant material is coated with a PTFE aqueous dispersion (PTFE 60 mass%, surfactant 5 mass% and moisture 35 mass%), dried and dried.
- PTFE 60 mass%, surfactant 5 mass% and moisture 35 mass%) was coated with a PTFE aqueous dispersion (PTFE 60 mass%, surfactant 5 mass% and moisture 35 mass%), dried and dried.
- a heat-resistant material having a coating layer was formed.
- the pre-cylindrical molded body was manufactured by winding the outer layer forming member on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical base material with the covering layer facing outward.
- the same mold as in the above embodiment is used, and a cylindrical inner surface, a partially convex spherical surface, and a large diameter side and a small diameter side annular end surface of the cylindrical inner surface, a partially convex spherical surface, and the like are used.
- a spherical belt-shaped sealing body comprising a spherical belt-shaped substrate defined by the above and an outer layer integrally formed on a partially convex spherical surface of the spherical belt-shaped substrate was obtained.
- the spherical belt-shaped substrate is configured such that the heat-resistant material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate and the reinforcing material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate made of a wire mesh are compressed and entangled with each other to have structural integrity.
- the outer layer includes a compressed heat-resistant material, a reinforcing material made of a wire mesh mixed and integrated with the heat-resistant material, and a PTFE coating layer integrated with the reinforcing material and the heat-resistant material.
- the outer surface exposed to the outside is formed on the smooth surface of the PTFE coating layer.
- Comparative Example 2 A cylindrical base material was produced by the same material and method as in Comparative Example 1. In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, a belt-like wire net having a heat-resistant material inserted therein was produced, and this was used as a reinforcing material for the outer layer. A heat-resistant material similar to the above is prepared separately, and one surface of the heat-resistant material is coated with a PTFE aqueous dispersion (PTFE 60 mass%, surfactant 5 mass% and moisture 35 mass%), dried and dried. After the heat-resistant material having the coating layer is formed, the heat-resistant material is baked in a heating furnace at a temperature of 340 ° C. that is equal to or higher than the melting point (327 ° C.) of PTFE for 20 minutes. A coating layer was formed.
- a heat-resistant material provided with a fired PTFE coating layer is superposed on the belt-like wire mesh with the heat-resistant material inserted and held therein, and the coating layer is directed upward, and these are then passed between a pair of rollers.
- an outer layer forming member integrated was prepared.
- a pre-cylindrical molded body was produced by winding the outer layer forming member on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical base material and winding the coating layer outside.
- the same mold as that of the above embodiment is used, and a cylindrical inner surface, a partially convex spherical surface, and a large diameter side and a small diameter side annular end surface of the cylindrical inner surface, a partially convex spherical surface, and the like in the same manner.
- a spherical belt-shaped sealing body comprising a spherical belt-shaped substrate defined by the above and an outer layer integrally formed on a partially convex spherical surface of the spherical belt-shaped substrate was obtained.
- the spherical belt-shaped substrate is configured such that the heat-resistant material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate and the reinforcing material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate made of a wire mesh are compressed and entangled with each other to have structural integrity.
- the outer layer includes a compressed heat-resistant material, a reinforcing material made of a wire mesh mixed and integrated with the heat-resistant material, and a fired PTFE coating layer integrated with the reinforcing material and the heat-resistant material.
- the outer surface of the outer layer exposed to the outside is formed on the smooth surface of the fired PTFE coating layer.
- Comparative Example 3 A cylindrical base material was produced by the same material and method as in Comparative Example 1. In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, a belt-like wire net having a heat-resistant material inserted therein was produced, and this was used as a reinforcing material for the outer layer.
- a heat-resistant material similar to that of Comparative Example 1 was prepared separately, and a lubricating composition in which 150 parts by mass of PTFE powder was dispersed on one surface of the heat-resistant material with respect to 100 parts by mass of h-BN powder having an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m ( An aqueous dispersion (h-BN 20% by mass, PTFE 30% by mass, surfactant 5% by mass and moisture 45% by mass) containing 50% by mass of h-BN 40% by mass and PTFE 60% by mass as a solid content by roller coating And dried at a temperature of 100 ° C. to form a heat-resistant material having a coating layer (h-BN 20 mass% and PTFE 30 mass%) of the lubricating composition on one surface of the heat-resistant material.
- the coating layer of the lubricating composition After the heat-resistant material provided with the coating layer of the lubricating composition is superimposed on the belt-shaped wire net having the heat-resistant material inserted and held therein, the coating layer is directed upward, and these are passed between a pair of rollers. An integrated outer layer forming member was produced.
- the pre-cylindrical molded body was manufactured by winding the outer layer forming member on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical base material with the coating layer of the lubricating composition facing outward.
- the same mold as that of the above embodiment is used, and a cylindrical inner surface, a partially convex spherical surface, and a large diameter side and a small diameter side annular end surface of the cylindrical inner surface, a partially convex spherical surface, and the like in the same manner.
- a spherical belt-shaped sealing body comprising a spherical belt-shaped substrate defined by the above and an outer layer integrally formed on a partially convex spherical surface of the spherical belt-shaped substrate was obtained.
- the spherical belt-shaped substrate is configured such that the heat-resistant material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate and the reinforcing material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate made of a wire mesh are compressed and entangled with each other to have structural integrity.
- the outer layer includes a compressed heat-resistant material, a reinforcing material made of a wire mesh mixed and integrated with the heat-resistant material, and a coating layer of a lubricating composition integrated with the reinforcing material and the heat-resistant material.
- the outer surface of the outer layer exposed to the outside is formed on the smooth surface of the coating layer (h-BN 40 mass% and PTFE 60 mass%) of the lubricating composition.
- ⁇ Test method> Starting from room temperature (25 ° C.) with an excitation frequency of 22 Hz and an amplitude of ⁇ 0.12 mm, the temperature of the mating material surface (outer surface temperature of the concave spherical portion 201 shown in FIG. 24) is 10 minutes after the vibration. When the temperature reaches 500 ° C., the temperature is held for 10 minutes, and then the temperature history of 40 minutes of lowering to room temperature over 20 minutes is set as one cycle, and 9 cycles are repeated, and the abnormal friction noise at the time of temperature reduction is measured. The measurement cycles were 1 cycle, 3 cycles, 6 cycles and 9 cycles, and the measurement temperature of each cycle was 500 ° C, 400 ° C, 300 ° C, 200 ° C and 100 ° C.
- ⁇ Determination level of frictional noise> Symbol: 0 Abnormal friction noise is not generated. Symbol: 0.2 The occurrence of abnormal frictional noise can be confirmed with the sound collecting pipe. Symbol: The occurrence of abnormal frictional noise can be confirmed at a position about 0.2 m away from the sliding part of the exhaust pipe spherical joint. Symbol: 1.5 The generation of abnormal frictional noise can be confirmed at a position about 0.5 m away from the sliding part of the exhaust pipe spherical joint. Symbol: 2 The occurrence of abnormal frictional noise can be confirmed at a position about 1 m away from the sliding part of the exhaust pipe spherical joint.
- ⁇ Test method> At room temperature (25 ° C), the temperature is raised to 500 ° C while continuing the oscillating motion of ⁇ 2.5 ° at an excitation frequency of 5 Hz, and the oscillating motion is continued while maintaining the temperature. The amount of gas leakage when the number of times reached 1 million was measured.
- the flow rate of gas leakage from the annular end surface 35 and the flange 102 erected on the upstream side exhaust pipe 100 is as follows: (1) Initial test (before test start), (2) Oscillation The measurement was performed 4 times after 250,000 times, (3) after 500,000 times of rocking and (4) after 1 million times of rocking.
- Tables 1 to 4 show the test results.
- the ball-shaped seal body made of Example 1 to Example 9 is the ball-band seal body made of Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 3 in the evaluation of abnormal friction noise and the amount of gas leakage. It turns out that it is superior.
- the coating layer in the spherical belt-shaped sealing body of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 is mainly composed of PTFE or PTFE, when the coating layer is cooled to room temperature through a temperature exceeding the melting point of PTFE, the counterpart material A phenomenon in which the coating film and the coating layer transferred to the surface were fixed was observed, and abnormal frictional noise was confirmed when the coating film and the coating layer transitioned from a fixed state to a softened state at a temperature around 300 ° C.
- the abnormal frictional noise was generated when the film and the coating layer were shifted from the fixed state to the softened state because the melt viscosity (1 ⁇ 10 10 to 11 Pa ⁇ s) of PTFE was very high. It is presumed to be caused by a stick-slip phenomenon that occurs due to the fact that the frictional noise is generated when the sticking phenomenon is released by this shearing force, in other words, the difference between the static friction coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient of PTFE is increased. .
- the FEP having a melt viscosity smaller than the melt viscosity of PTFE in other words, the FEP having a small difference between the static friction coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient is mainly used. Since the coating layer as a component was provided, no abnormal frictional noise due to stick-slip phenomenon was generated.
- the ball-shaped seal body of the present invention is bonded to each other so that the outer layer surface is embedded in the outer layer heat-resistant material, and the surface of the outer layer heat-resistant material is flush with the surface of the heat-resistant material.
- a fired fired sliding layer composed mainly of a molten fluororesin having a small difference between the static friction coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient, which is integrally attached to the outer layer intermediate layer surface of the base layer composed of the surface of the reinforcing material for the outer layer Therefore, it is possible to prevent the generation of abnormal frictional noise during sliding with the mating material surface.
- the base of the fired sliding layer is the outer layer of the base layer composed of the surface of the heat-resistant material for the outer layer and the surface of the reinforcing material for the outer layer that is flush with the surface of the heat-resistant material. Because it is an intermediate layer surface and interspersed with reinforcing materials on the outer layer intermediate layer surface, direct friction with only the heat-resistant material made of expanded graphite is avoided in the friction with the counterpart material, and the static friction of the heat-resistant material The stick-slip phenomenon due to the large difference between the coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient does not occur, and the generation of abnormal frictional noise due to the stick-slip phenomenon can be prevented.
- the heat-resistant material for the outer layer made of expanded graphite having a density lower than the density of the expanded graphite forming the heat-resistant material for the spherical belt-shaped substrate is used as the outer layer made of a wire mesh.
- the outer layer reinforcing material inserted between the two layers of the reinforcing material for the outer layer and the outer layer reinforcing material inserted with the heat-resistant material for the outer layer is pressed in the thickness direction of the reinforcing material, and the outer layer is formed in the wire mesh of the reinforcing material for the outer layer
- the heat-resistant material for the outer layer and the surface of the reinforcing material for the outer layer are bonded to each other so that the heat-resistant material for the outer layer is closely packed and pressed together so that the reinforcing material for the outer layer is embedded in the heat-resistant material for the outer layer.
- the outer layer reinforcing material is scattered and exposed at the surface of the outer layer reinforcing material and the surface of the outer layer heat-resistant material which are flush with each other and are arithmetically averaged.
- Can, a baked film of the molten fluororesin composition formed by coating the aqueous dispersion of the molten fluoropolymer composition are firmly bonded to one surface of said composite sheet member.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
- Joints Allowing Movement (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
- Sealing Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
濃度98%の濃硫酸を攪拌しながら、酸化剤として過酸化水素の60%水溶液を加え、これを反応液とする。この反応液を冷却して10℃の温度に保持し、該反応液に粒度30~80メッシュの鱗片状天然黒鉛粉末を添加して30分間反応を行う。反応後、吸引濾過して酸処理黒鉛粉末を分離し、該酸処理黒鉛粉末を水で10分間撹拌して吸引濾過するという洗浄作業を2回繰り返し、酸処理黒鉛粉末から硫酸分を充分除去する。ついで、硫酸分を充分除去した酸処理黒鉛粉末を110℃の温度に保持した乾燥炉で3時間乾燥し、これを酸処理黒鉛粉末とする。
補強材には、鉄系としてオーステナイト系のSUS304、SUS310S、SUS316、フェライト系のSUS430などのステンレス鋼線、鉄線(JISG3532)もしくは亜鉛メッキ鋼線(JISG3547)又は銅系として銅-ニッケル合金(白銅)線、銅-ニッケル-亜鉛合金(洋白)線、黄銅線、ベリリウム銅線からなる金属細線を一本又は二本以上を使用して織ったり、編んだりして形成される織組金網又は編組金網が使用される。
被覆層(滑り層)を形成する溶融ふっ素樹脂組成物は、(1)FEP粉末11.5~45質量%と粒子径が0.01~1μmのh-BN粉末11.5~45質量%と界面活性剤0.01~13.5質量%と残部水とからなる水性ディスパージョン、(2)FEP粉末11.5~45質量%と粒子径が0.01~1μmのh-BN粉末11.5~45質量%と黒鉛粉末0.5~8質量%と界面活性剤0.01~13.5質量%と残部水とからなる水性ディスパージョン、(3)FEP粉末11.5~45質量%と粒子径が0.01~1μmのh-BN粉末11.5~45質量%と界面活性剤0.01~13.5質量%と水溶性有機溶剤0.1~22.5質量%と残部水とからなる水性ディスパージョン、(4)FEP粉末11.5~45質量%と粒子径が0.01~1μmのh-BN粉末11.5~45質量%と黒鉛粉末0.5~8質量%と界面活性剤0.01~13.5質量%と水溶性有機溶剤0.1~22.5質量%と残部水とからなる水性ディスパージョンの形態で適用される。
<第一の方法> 線径が0.15~0.32mm、好ましくは0.15~0.28mmの金属細線を編み機(図示せず)で連続的に編んで得られる円筒状編組金網からなる外層用の補強材15の内部に外層用の耐熱材14を連続的に挿入(図9参照)し、該耐熱材14を挿入した補強材15をその挿入開始端から平滑な円筒状の外周面を有する円筒ローラ16と軸方向に沿って複数個の環状凹溝17をもった円筒状の外周面を有したローラ18(図9及び図10参照)との間の隙間Δ1に供給して該耐熱材14の厚さ方向に加圧(図9、図11、図12、図13及び図14参照)し、さらに別の平滑な円筒状の外周面を有する一対の円筒ローラ19及び20間の隙間Δ2に供給(図9及び図15参照)して加圧し、外層用の補強材15の金網の網目に外層用の耐熱材14を密に充填すると共に該外層用の耐熱材14中に外層用の補強材15の一部が該耐熱材14の表面に露出し、その他の部位が埋設するように互いに圧着して、外層用の耐熱材14の表面と外層用の補強材15の表面とを面一に形成すると共に耐熱材14の表面と補強材15の表面とが露出した扁平状の複合シート材21(図16参照)を形成し、これを筒状母材13の外周面を一巻きできる程度の長さに切断する。
金属細線として線径0.28mmのオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼線(SUS304)を一本使用して網目の目幅が縦4mm、横5mmの円筒状編組金網を作製し、これを一対のローラ間に通して帯状金網とし、これを球帯状基体用の補強材とした。球帯状基体用の耐熱材として、密度1.12Mg/m3、厚さ0.38mmの膨張黒鉛シートを使用した。球帯状基体用の耐熱材をうず巻き状に一周分捲回したのち、球帯状基体用の耐熱材の内側に球帯状基体用の補強材を重ね合わせ、うず巻き状に捲回して最外周に球帯状基体用の耐熱材を位置させた筒状母材を作製した。この筒状母材においては、球帯状基体用の耐熱材の幅方向の両端部はそれぞれ球帯状基体用の補強材の幅方向に突出(はみ出し)している。
前記実施例1と同様の構成材料を使用し、実施例1と同様にして筒状母材を作製した。この筒状母材においては、耐熱材の幅方向の両端部はそれぞれ補強材の幅方向に突出(はみ出し)している。
前記実施例1と同様の構成材料を使用し、実施例1と同様にして筒状母材を作製した。この筒状母材においては、耐熱材の幅方向の両端部はそれぞれ補強材の幅方向に突出(はみ出し)している。
前記実施例1と同様の構成材料を使用し、実施例1と同様にして筒状母材を作製した。この筒状母材においては、耐熱材の幅方向の両端部はそれぞれ補強材の幅方向に突出(はみ出し)している。
前記実施例1と同様の構成材料を使用し、実施例1と同様にして筒状母材を作製した。この筒状母材においては、耐熱材の幅方向の両端部はそれぞれ補強材の幅方向に突出(はみ出し)している。
金属細線として線径0.28mmのオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼線(SUS304)を一本使用して網目の目幅が縦4mm、横5mmの円筒状編組金網を作製し、これを一対のローラ間に通して帯状金網とし、これを球帯状基体用の補強材とした。球帯状基体用の耐熱材として、密度1.12Mg/m3、厚さ0.38mmの膨張黒鉛シートを使用した。球帯状基体用の耐熱材をうず巻き状に一周分捲回したのち、球帯状基体用の耐熱材の内側に球帯状基体用の補強材を重ね合わせ、うず巻き状に捲回して最外周に球帯状基体用の耐熱材を位置させた筒状母材を作製した。この筒状母材においては、球帯状基体用の耐熱材の幅方向の両端部はそれぞれ球帯状基体用の補強材の幅方向に突出(はみ出し)している。
前記比較例1と同様の材料及び方法により筒状母材を作製した。上記比較例1と同様にして内部に耐熱材を挿入保持した帯状金網を作製し、これを外層用の補強材とした。上記と同様の耐熱材を別途準備し、該耐熱材の一方の表面にPTFEの水性ディスパージョン(PTFE60質量%、界面活性剤5質量%及び水分35質量%)をローラ塗りし、乾燥してPTFEの被覆層をもった耐熱材を形成したのち、これを加熱炉内においてPTFEの融点(327℃)以上の340℃の温度で20分間焼成し、耐熱材の一方の表面に焼成されたPTFEの被覆層を形成した。
前記比較例1と同様の材料及び方法により筒状母材を作製した。上記比較例1と同様にして内部に耐熱材を挿入保持した帯状金網を作製し、これを外層用の補強材とした。
<試験条件>
コイルばねによる押圧力(スプリングセット荷重:面圧):3.2N/mm2
加振振幅:±0.12mm
加振周波数:22Hz
温度(図24に示す凹球面部201の外表面温度):室温(25℃)~500℃
相手材(図24に示す径拡大部203の材質):SUS304
室温(25℃)から22Hzの加振周波数で±0.12mmの振幅で加振を開始し、加振後10分間で相手材表面(図24に示す凹球面部201の外表面温度)の温度が500℃に到達した時点で当該温度に10分間保持し、ついで20分間かけて室温まで降下するという40分間の温度履歴を1サイクルとして、9サイクル繰返し、降温時の摩擦異常音を測定する。測定サイクルは、1サイクル、3サイクル、6サイクル及び9サイクルで、各サイクルの測定温度は、500℃、400℃、300℃、200℃及び100℃とした。
記号:0 摩擦異常音の発生なし。
記号:0.2 集音パイプで摩擦異常音の発生を確認できる。
記号:1 排気管球面継手の摺動部位から約0.2m離れた位置で摩
擦異常音の発生を確認できる。
記号:1.5 排気管球面継手の摺動部位から約0.5m離れた位置で摩
擦異常音の発生を確認できる。
記号:2 排気管球面継手の摺動部位から約1m離れた位置で摩擦異
常音の発生を確認できる。
記号:2.5 排気管球面継手の摺動部位から約2m離れた位置で摩擦異
常音の発生を確認できる。
記号:3 排気管球面継手の摺動部位から約3m離れた位置で摩擦異
常音の発生を確認できる。
記号:3.5 排気管球面継手の摺動部位から約5m離れた位置で摩擦異
常音の発生を確認できる。
記号:4 排気管球面継手の摺動部位から約10m離れた位置で摩擦
異常音の発生を確認できる。
記号:4.5 排気管球面継手の摺動部位から約15m離れた位置で摩擦
異常音の発生を確認できる。
記号:5 排気管球面継手の摺動部位から約20m離れた位置で摩擦
異常音の発生を確認できる。
以上の判定レベルの総合判定において、記号:0から記号:2.5までを摩擦異常音の発生なし(OK)と判定し、記号3から記号5までを摩擦異常音の発生あり(NG)とした。
<試験条件>
コイルばねによる押圧力(スプリングセットフォース):980N
加振角度:±2.5°
加振周波数(揺動速度):5Hz
温度(図24に示す凹球面部201の外表面温度):室温(25℃)~500℃)
揺動回数:100万回
相手材(図24に示す径拡大部203の材質):SUS304
室温(25℃)において5Hzの加振周波数で±2.5°の揺動運動を継続しながら温度を500℃まで昇温し、その温度を保持した状態で揺動運動を継続し、揺動回数が100万回に到達した時点でのガス漏れ量を測定した。
図24に示す排気管球面継手の一方の上流側排気管100の開口部を閉塞し、他方の下流側排気管200側から、0.049MPa(0.5kgf/cm2)の圧力で乾燥空気を流入し、継手部分(球帯状シール体39の面45と径拡大部203との摺接部、球帯状シール体39の円筒内面33と上流側排気管100の管端部101との嵌合部及び環状端面35と上流側排気管100に立設されたフランジ102との当接部)からのガス漏れ量を流量計にて、(1)試験初期(試験開始前)、(2)揺動回数25万回後、(3)揺動回数50万回後及び(4)揺動回数100万回後の4回測定した。
5 補強材
6 耐熱材
12 重合体
13 筒状母材
23 外層形成部材
24 予備円筒成形体
31 金型
33 円筒内面
34 部分凸球面状面
35 大径側の環状端面
36 小径側の環状端面
37 球帯状基体
38 外層
39 球帯状シール体
40 滑り層
42 外層中間層面
46 基層
Claims (10)
- 円筒内面、部分凸球面状面並びに部分凸球面状面の大径側及び小径側の環状端面によって規定された球帯状基体と、この球帯状基体の部分凸球面状面に一体的に形成された外層とを備えており、球帯状基体は、金網からなる補強材と、補強材の金網の網目を充填し、かつこの補強材と混在一体化されていると共に圧縮された膨張黒鉛を含む耐熱材とを具備しており、外層は、金網からなると共に圧縮された補強材及びこの補強材の金網の網目を充填し、かつ当該補強材に密に圧着されていると共に当該補強材の表面と共に外層中間層面を形成する表面を有して圧縮された膨張黒鉛を含む耐熱材を含み、かつ部分凸球面状面に一体的に形成された基層と、該外層中間層面で基層に一体的に被着形成されていると共に少なくとも溶融ふっ素樹脂を含んだ溶融ふっ素樹脂組成物からなる焼成滑り層とを具備しており、外部に露出する外層の表面は、焼成滑り層の平滑な面からなっていることを特徴とする球帯状シール体。
- 外層における補強材と耐熱材とで形成された基層の外層中間層面の表面は、算術平均粗さRaで5~30μmをもって形成されている請求項1に記載の球帯状シール体。
- 溶融ふっ素樹脂組成物は、六方晶窒化硼素23~75質量%と溶融ふっ素樹脂23~75質量%とを含有する請求項1又は2に記載の球帯状シール体。
- 溶融ふっ素樹脂組成物は、黒鉛を16質量%以下の割合で含有する請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の球帯状シール体。
- 溶融ふっ素樹脂は、テトラフルオロエチレン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(FEP)からなる請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の球帯状シール体。
- 円筒内面、部分凸球面状面並びに部分凸球面状面の大径側及び小径側の環状端面によって規定される球帯状基体と、この球帯状基体の部分凸球面状面に一体的に形成された外層とを備えている球帯状シール体の製造方法であって、
(a)密度がαMg/m3の膨張黒鉛シートからなる球帯状基体用の耐熱材を準備する工程と、
(b)金属細線を織ったり編んだりして得られる金網からなる球帯状基体用の補強材を準備し、この球帯状基体用の補強材を前記球帯状基体用の耐熱材に重ね合わせて重合体を形成した後、この重合体を円筒状に捲回して筒状母材を形成する工程と、
(c)金属細線を織ったり編んだりして得られる金網からなる外層用の補強材の二つの層間に、密度が0.3α~0.6αMg/m3の膨張黒鉛シートからなる外層用の耐熱材を挿入し、当該外層用の耐熱材を挿入した外層用の補強材を当該補強材の厚さ方向に加圧し、外層用の補強材の金網の網目に外層用の耐熱材を密に充填すると共に該外層用の耐熱材中に外層用の補強材が一部を露出させて埋設するように互いに圧着して、外層用の耐熱材と外層用の補強材とが圧縮されていると共に外層用の耐熱材の表面と外層用の補強材の表面とが面一となっている表面を有した扁平状の複合シート材を形成する工程と、
(d)溶融ふっ素樹脂粉末と六方晶窒化硼素粉末と界面活性剤と水とを含有する溶融ふっ素樹脂組成物の水性ディスパージョンを準備する工程と、
(e)複合シート材の外層用の耐熱材の表面と外層用の補強材の表面とが互いに面一とされた表面に、該水性ディスパージョンを適用して、当該水性ディスパージョンを乾燥させて該溶融ふっ素樹脂組成物の被覆層を当該表面に形成する工程と、
(f)該複合シートの表面に形成された溶融ふっ素樹脂組成物の被覆層を溶融ふっ素樹脂の融点以上の温度で焼成し、該複合シートの一方の表面に溶融ふっ素樹脂組成物の焼成被覆層を備えた扁平状の外層形成部材を形成する工程と、
(g)前記筒状母材の外周面に前記外層形成部材をその焼成被覆層を外側にして捲回し、予備円筒成形体を形成する工程と、
(h)該予備円筒成形体を金型のコア外周面に挿入し、該コアを金型内に配置すると共に該金型内において予備円筒成形体をコア軸方向に圧縮成形する工程と、
を具備しており、球帯状基体は、膨張黒鉛を含む球帯状基体用の耐熱材と金網からなる球帯状基体用の補強材とが互いに圧縮され、互いに絡み合って構造的一体性を有するように構成されており、外層は、金網からなると共に圧縮された補強材及びこの補強材の金網の網目を充填し、かつ当該補強材に密に圧着されていると共に当該補強材が点在した補強材の表面と面一であって当該表面と共に外層中間層面を形成する表面を有して圧縮された膨張黒鉛を含む耐熱材を含んでおり、かつ部分凸球面状面に一体的に形成された基層と、該外層中間層面で基層に一体に被着形成されていると共に溶融ふっ素樹脂組成物の焼成された焼成滑り層とを具備しており、外部に露出する外層の表面は、焼成滑り層の平滑な面からなっていることを特徴とする球帯状シール体の製造方法。 - 球帯状基体用の耐熱材の密度αは、1.0~1.5Mg/m3である請求項6に記載の球帯状シール体の製造方法。
- 溶融ふっ素樹脂組成物の水性ディスパージョンは、溶融ふっ素樹脂粉末11.5~45質量%と六方晶窒化硼素粉末11.5~45質量%と界面活性剤0.01~13.5質量%と水(25~45質量%)とを含んでいる請求項6又は7に記載の球帯状シール体の製造方法。
- 溶融ふっ素樹脂組成物の水性ディスパージョンは、黒鉛粉末を0.5~8質量%の割合で含有する請求項6から8のいずれか一項に記載の球帯状シール体の製造方法。
- 溶融ふっ素樹脂は、テトラフルオロエチレン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(FEP)からなる請求項6から9のいずれか一項に記載の球帯状シール体の製造方法。
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JP5966879B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-21 | 2016-08-10 | オイレス工業株式会社 | 球帯状シール体 |
JP6423405B2 (ja) * | 2016-11-01 | 2018-11-14 | 有限会社飯田製作所 | シール構造及びその製造方法 |
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US20180297802A1 (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2018-10-18 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Detector, sheet conveying device incorporating the detector, sheet feeding device incorporating the detector, image forming apparatus incorporating the detector, and image reading device incorporating the detector |
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JP7469673B2 (ja) * | 2021-07-08 | 2024-04-17 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 押出成形用樹脂組成物、シート及びシートの製造方法 |
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