WO2012041140A1 - 电动乘用车电池更换装置及换电系统 - Google Patents

电动乘用车电池更换装置及换电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012041140A1
WO2012041140A1 PCT/CN2011/078917 CN2011078917W WO2012041140A1 WO 2012041140 A1 WO2012041140 A1 WO 2012041140A1 CN 2011078917 W CN2011078917 W CN 2011078917W WO 2012041140 A1 WO2012041140 A1 WO 2012041140A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery box
charging
power
box
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/078917
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王相勤
胡江溢
贾俊国
张鹏飞
徐武峰
张东江
于文斌
董新生
连湛伟
郝战铎
Original Assignee
国家电网公司
许继集团有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 国家电网公司, 许继集团有限公司 filed Critical 国家电网公司
Publication of WO2012041140A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012041140A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J5/00Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of energy technology utilization, and more particularly to a battery replacement device suitable for an electric passenger car, and a power exchange system. Background technique
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a battery replacement device and a power exchange system suitable for an electric passenger car, which can make the battery replacement process smoother, improve the battery replacement efficiency, and save manpower and material resources.
  • the present invention provides a battery exchange device suitable for an electric passenger vehicle, comprising:
  • a battery box turntable group comprising a plurality of battery box turntables arranged in a row, the battery
  • the box carousel can rotate the preset angle based on its own axis;
  • a battery rack pick-and-place device is disposed between the battery box turntable group and the charging stand, and is configured to grab a fully charged battery box from the charging stand, and place the battery box on the battery box turntable And grabbing the battery box to be charged from the battery box turntable, and placing the battery box on the charging stand;
  • An electric passenger car battery pick-and-place device is disposed between the electric passenger car and the battery box carousel set, and is configured to take out a battery box to be charged from the battery of the electric passenger car, and the battery is A box is placed on the battery box turntable, and a fully charged battery box is taken from the battery box turntable, and the battery box is placed in the battery of the electric passenger car.
  • the charging stand battery pick-and-place device comprises a slide rail, an industrial robot, a battery box clamp, a battery box push-pull mechanism and a drive system;
  • the sliding rail is disposed in parallel with the charging frame, and the industrial robot is disposed on the sliding rail and can slide along the sliding rail;
  • the battery box clamp is mounted on the robot of the industrial robot, and can perform a clamping action on the battery box;
  • the battery box push-pull mechanism is connected to the battery box clamp to perform a push-pull operation on the battery box;
  • the drive system receives console commands to drive the industrial robot, the battery compartment clamp, and the battery compartment push-pull mechanism.
  • the industrial robot includes a base, a robot arm and a robot; the base is disposed on the slide rail, and the mechanical arm is disposed on the base, and performs rotation and/or according to an action instruction of the received drive system. Lift the action and drive the robot to move it to the set position and angle.
  • the charging stand battery pick-and-place device further includes a console for issuing console commands, and the console is connected to the driving system.
  • the electric passenger car battery pick-and-place device includes a wheeled movable bottom Seat, booster manipulator, battery box clamp, battery box push-pull mechanism and drive system;
  • the wheeled movable base can positionally adjust the electric passenger car battery pick-and-place device according to the parking position of the electric passenger car, a power assisting robot is disposed on the wheeled movable base, and the battery box clamp is disposed at an end of the power assisting robot to perform a clamping action on the battery box;
  • the assisting robot performs a rotation and/or lifting action according to an action command of the received drive system, and drives the battery box clamp to move to a set position and angle;
  • the battery box push-pull mechanism is connected to the battery box clamp to perform a push-pull operation on the battery box;
  • the drive system receives console commands to drive the power assist robot, the battery compartment clamp, and the battery compartment push-pull mechanism.
  • the electric passenger car battery pick-and-place device further includes a console for issuing a console command, and the console is connected to the drive system.
  • the assisting robot hand is further provided with a locking structure for limiting the lifting or rotating action of the assisting robot.
  • the present invention provides a power changing system including any of the foregoing battery replacing devices, and further comprising:
  • a power supply unit for providing power to the entire power exchange system
  • a charging unit for charging the battery case and discharging the fully charged battery into the power exchange sequence
  • the monitoring communication unit is connected to the power supply unit, the charging unit, and the battery replacing device through the controller LAN bus, and is configured to receive the running data of the monitored object in real time, and realize the functions of storing, processing, displaying, querying and alarming the operating data.
  • the power supply unit specifically includes:
  • An AC incoming line cabinet is configured to access two AC power sources from the outside to switch the two AC power sources;
  • An AC feeder cabinet is configured to allocate an AC power source of the AC inlet cabinet and introduce the charging system.
  • the charging unit specifically includes:
  • a charging stand for placing a plurality of battery cases
  • the charging cabinet includes a plurality of chargers for charging the battery box on the charging stand.
  • the charging unit further includes:
  • the smoke alarm unit is configured to detect the smoke caused by the overcharge or short circuit of the battery box in the charging stand, and report an alarm signal to the monitoring communication unit.
  • the charging unit further includes:
  • a battery information reading module for reading battery data recorded by the battery management system in the battery box
  • a charging stop module configured to stop the charging operation of the charging device according to the battery failure information sent by the battery management system.
  • the charging unit further includes:
  • the charging selection module is used to select a charging method that does not perform charging or selects a constant current and then a constant voltage when the battery data recorded by the battery management system in the battery box cannot be read.
  • the charging unit further includes:
  • a charging status indicating module for displaying the charging status of each battery box on the charging stand
  • a fault alarm module configured to send fault alarm information to the monitoring communication unit
  • the battery information reporting module is configured to transmit the battery data sent by the battery management system of each battery box to the monitoring communication unit.
  • the monitoring communication unit includes:
  • a data processing module configured to receive running data of the monitored object in real time, and implement The storage, processing, display, query and alarm functions of the operational data;
  • a remote control module for scheduling a power change sequence and an electric passenger car and remotely controlling the battery exchange device and the charging unit;
  • the data forwarding module is configured to forward the running data to the dispatching center of the upper layer.
  • the battery replacing device of the present invention utilizes two kinds of battery pick-and-place devices to cooperate with the turntable, so that the battery box replacement of the electric passenger car is smoother, and the battery pick-and-place device of the electric passenger car fully takes into account the electric passenger car.
  • the space is small, the battery placement position is large, and so on.
  • the power-assisted manipulator is used to smoothly complete the pick-and-place of the battery box in a small space.
  • the entire battery replacement process is smooth and the replacement time is short. Since the battery replacement efficiency is improved, more battery replacements can be completed in a unit time, and the battery replacement cycle is shorter, so that the charger can be more fully charged and utilized. The rate is higher.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a power changing system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a power supply unit in an embodiment of a power changing system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging unit in an embodiment of a power changing system according to the present invention.
  • 4 is a schematic diagram of monitoring and communication connection of a monitoring communication unit in an embodiment of a power changing system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a power changing process of an embodiment of a power changing system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view showing a layout of an electrician changing position of the power changing system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a battery charging and unloading device of a charging stand in the embodiment of the battery replacing device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a battery pick-and-place device for an electric passenger car according to an embodiment of the battery exchange device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a flow chart showing a battery replacement process of the embodiment of the battery exchange device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flow chart of the battery pick-and-place device of the electric passenger car according to the embodiment of the battery replacing device of the present invention. detailed description
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a power changing system of the present invention.
  • the power changing system includes a power supply unit 1, a charging unit 2, a battery replacement device 3, and a monitoring communication unit 4.
  • the power supply unit 1 is responsible for supplying power to the entire power exchange system.
  • the charging unit 2 is responsible for charging the battery box that can be used by the electric passenger car, and discharging the fully charged battery box into the power exchange sequence.
  • the power change sequence herein refers to information of a plurality of fully charged battery cases that replace the battery case.
  • the monitoring communication unit 4 is connected to the power supply unit 1, the charging unit 2, and the battery replacing device 3 via a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, and the monitoring communication unit 4 performs power supply unit 1, charging unit 2, and battery replacing device 3. Monitor and control, and receive the running data of the monitored object in real time to realize the storage, processing, display, query and alarm functions of the running data.
  • CAN Controller Area Network
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit in an embodiment of a power changing system according to the present invention.
  • the power supply unit 1 specifically includes: an AC incoming line cabinet 11 and an AC feeder line cabinet 12.
  • the power supply unit 1 introduces two AC power sources from the outside (for example, a three-phase five-wire AC380V, etc.), and the two AC power sources are mutually standby.
  • the AC incoming line cabinet 11 is responsible for accessing the two AC power sources from the outside to switch the two AC power sources.
  • the AC feeder cabinet 12 is responsible for allocating the AC power of the AC inlet cabinet 11 and introducing the charging unit 2 Charging cabinet.
  • the AC feeder cabinet 12 can reject the AC power supply for every two chargers.
  • the power supply unit 1 not only supplies power to the charging unit, but also supplies operating power to the battery exchange device 3 and the monitoring communication unit 4.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging unit in an embodiment of a power changing system according to the present invention.
  • the charging unit may specifically include a charging stand 21 and a charger rejecting 22, and a plurality of battery cases may be placed on the charging stand 21, including a battery case to be charged and a fully charged battery case.
  • the battery compartment in the power change sequence will be swapped into the electric passenger car during the battery replacement process, and the battery in the electric passenger car will be placed on the charging stand 21 for charging during the battery replacement process.
  • the charging cabinet 22 includes a plurality of chargers that are responsible for charging the battery box on the charging stand 21.
  • DC charging is usually used for charging, and the AC power supply needs to be rectified to obtain DC working power.
  • a smoke alarm unit may be installed in the charging stand to detect the charging stand.
  • the battery box in the middle is caused by smoke caused by overcharging or short circuit, and an alarm signal is reported to the monitoring communication unit.
  • the charging unit can also communicate with a Battery Management System (BMS) within the battery compartment to provide finer control of the battery compartment charging process.
  • BMS Battery Management System
  • the charging unit may include a battery information reading module that reads battery data recorded by the battery management system in the battery box.
  • the charging unit may further include a charging stop module responsible for stopping the charging operation of the charging device based on the battery failure information issued by the battery management system.
  • the charging selection module can be set in the charging unit to select whether to charge, and the charging strategy, for example, the charging method of first constant current and constant voltage is used to ensure the total of the battery box. The voltage does not exceed the specified upper limit.
  • the charging unit may further include a charging status indication module, a fault alarm module, or a battery information reporting module according to requirements, and is not limited to these modules.
  • the charging status indication module is responsible for displaying the charging status of each battery box on the charging stand 21.
  • the fault alarm module is responsible for sending fault alarm information to the monitoring communication unit.
  • the battery information reporting module is responsible for transmitting the battery data sent by the battery management system of each battery box to the monitoring communication unit.
  • FIG. 4 it is a schematic diagram of monitoring and communication connection of the monitoring communication unit in the embodiment of the power changing system of the present invention.
  • the monitoring communication unit is connected to the chargers in each of the charging motors 1, 2 to 24 via the CAN bus, and the smoke alarm unit is also connected to the monitoring communication unit via the CAN bus.
  • the relevant control commands of the monitoring communication unit can be converted by the protocol converter and the console command can be used to reach the battery replacement device.
  • the monitoring communication unit may specifically include: a data server 41, a monitoring workstation 42, and a WEB server 43.
  • the data server 41 is responsible for receiving the running data of the monitored object in real time, and realizing the storage, processing, display, query and alarm functions of the running data.
  • the monitoring workstation 42 is responsible for scheduling the power change sequence, the electric passenger car, and the like, and remotely controlling the battery exchange device, the charging unit, and the like.
  • the WEB server 43 is responsible for forwarding the operational data to the upper dispatch center.
  • FIG. 5 it is a schematic flowchart of a power-changing process according to an embodiment of the power-changing system of the present invention.
  • the power exchange process can be completed in the electrician changing position shown in Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 6 since the electric passenger car has a small volume, it is possible to simultaneously perform battery replacement for multiple electric passenger cars at one time, and monitor the communication unit.
  • the electric passenger car can be parked at a station suitable for battery replacement according to the position of the battery compartment of the electric passenger car, and the battery compartment faces the turntable.
  • a charging stand and a charging cabinet are disposed on one side of the battery compartment of the electric passenger car.
  • the power exchange process includes:
  • Step S101 The electric passenger car enters the battery replacement area according to the instruction.
  • Step S102 Since the electric passenger car has proposed a battery replacement request, the monitoring communication unit monitors the electric passenger car, and reads the vehicle information of the electric passenger car through the vehicle information recognition device.
  • Step S103 The monitoring communication unit prepares a power-changing sequence of the battery box used in the current battery replacement according to the vehicle information and the battery information of the battery box that has been included in the power-changing sequence.
  • Step S104 After determining the power-changing sequence, the monitoring communication unit issues a dispatching instruction to instruct the electric passenger car to be in a position convenient for battery replacement. After the electric passenger car is in position, the battery compartment door is opened to prepare for replacement of the battery.
  • Step S105 Turn off the high and low voltage power supply of the electric passenger vehicle, and read the battery pack information.
  • Step S106 The battery replacing device removes and discharges the battery box that needs to be replaced in the battery compartment to the battery box turntable group.
  • Step S107 The battery replacing device loads the fully charged battery box obtained from the battery box turntable group into the battery.
  • Step S108 Check whether all the battery boxes have been replaced. If not all of them are replaced, the process returns to step S106 to continue the replacement. Otherwise, step S109 is performed.
  • Step S109 The monitoring communication unit records the vehicle replacement information of the electric passenger vehicle through the vehicle information recognition device.
  • Step S110 The electric passenger car leaves the power exchange area after completing the battery replacement process.
  • Step S111 the turntable of the battery pack to be charged is rotated by 180 degrees, and the battery replacing device takes the battery pack to be charged from the battery pack turntable and places it on the charging stand.
  • Step S112 The charging unit communicates with the BMS in the replaced battery box, reads the battery data, and transmits the battery data to the monitoring communication unit, and the monitoring communication unit determines whether the battery has a fault. If yes, step S113 is performed. Otherwise, step S115 is performed.
  • Step S113 Send the faulty battery box to the maintenance room for fault diagnosis and maintenance, and record the fault information.
  • Step S114 The repaired battery charging rack is put into a normal charging procedure, and then step S116 is performed.
  • Step S115 If the monitoring communication unit analyzes that the battery box is normal and there is no fault, the normal charging procedure is entered, and the battery box is charged by the charger.
  • Step S116 the fully charged battery box enters the power exchange sequence
  • Step S117 The battery replacing device takes the fully charged battery box from the charging stand and puts it on the battery box turntable, and then proceeds to step S107.
  • Embodiments of the battery exchange device of the present invention mainly include a battery box turntable set, a charging stand battery pick-and-place device, and an electric passenger car battery pick-and-place device. It can be seen from Fig. 6 that the battery box turntable set 200 includes a plurality of battery box turntables arranged in a row, each of which can be rotated by a predetermined angle based on its own axis.
  • the charging stand battery pick-and-place device 100 is disposed between the battery box turntable group 200 and the charging stand, and is responsible for grasping the fully charged battery box from the charging stand, and placing the battery box on the battery box turntable, and grasping from the battery box turntable Take the battery box to be charged and place the battery box on the charging stand.
  • FIG 7 for the specific structure of the charging stand battery pick-and-place device 100.
  • Electric passenger car battery pick-and-place device 300 is set on electric passenger car and battery box turntable Between groups 200, it is responsible for taking out the battery box to be charged from the battery of the electric passenger car, placing the battery box on the battery box turntable, and taking out the fully charged battery box from the battery box turntable, and the battery box Put the battery in the electric passenger car and grab it. See Figure 8 for the specific structure of the battery access device for electric passenger cars.
  • the charging stand battery pick-and-place device 100 includes a slide rail 101, an industrial robot 110, a battery box jig 102, a battery box push-pull mechanism 103, and a drive system (not shown).
  • the slide rail 101 is disposed in parallel with the charging stand, and the industrial robot 110 is disposed on the slide rail 101 and is slidable along the slide rail 101 in the direction parallel to the charging stand.
  • the battery case jig 102 is mounted on the robot 113 of the industrial robot 110, and can perform a clamping action on the battery case.
  • the battery box push-pull mechanism 103 is connected to the battery case clamp 102 to perform a push-pull operation on the battery case.
  • the drive system is responsible for receiving console commands to drive the industrial robot 110, the battery box clamp 102, and the battery box push-pull mechanism 103.
  • the industrial robot can employ a robot commonly used in the industry, and an implementation structure of an industrial robot including a base 111, a robot arm 112, and a robot 113 is shown in FIG.
  • the base 111 is disposed on the slide rail 101
  • the mechanical arm 112 is disposed on the base 111.
  • the mechanical arm 112 includes a plurality of joints, and can rotate or swing, and performs rotation and/or lifting operations according to the motion command of the received drive system, and drives
  • the robot 113 is moved to the set position and angle so that the battery compartment clamp 102 can be positioned to the exact position to obtain the battery compartment on the charging stand.
  • the console command received by the battery pick-and-place device of the charging stand may be directly sent by the monitoring communication unit, or may be a console command sent directly by the internally set console 104 or according to a control command of the monitoring communication unit.
  • the station 104 is coupled to the drive system.
  • the specific structure of the electric passenger car battery pick-and-place device in the embodiment of the battery exchange device of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIG.
  • electric multiplication The vehicle battery pick-and-place device 300 is designed in consideration of the characteristics of the electric passenger car. Since the electric passenger car body is small, the battery compartment position is not uniform, and the space is narrow, so in order to accurately pick and place the battery box, The electric passenger car battery pick-and-place device 300 adopts a structure of a position-adjustable power assisting manipulator to improve the success rate and replacement efficiency of the battery.
  • the electric passenger car battery pick-and-place device 300 may include the following components: a wheeled movable base 301, a power assisting robot 302, a battery box clamp 303, a battery box push-pull mechanism 304, and a drive system (not shown).
  • the wheeled movable base 301 includes a wheeled structure that can be easily moved on the ground to adjust the position of the electric passenger car battery pick-and-place device 300 in accordance with the parking position of the electric passenger car.
  • the booster robot 302 is disposed above the wheeled movable base 301.
  • a battery case clamp 303 is attached to the end of the power assisting robot 302 for performing a clamping action on the battery case. The end of the assisting robot 302 can adjust the height and the extension distance as needed to move the battery box as much as possible without height change, which makes the operation more labor-saving.
  • the assist robot 302 can perform a rotation and/or lifting motion according to the received motion command of the drive system, and drives the battery box clamp 303 to move to the set position and angle.
  • the battery box push-pull mechanism 304 is connected to the battery box clamp 303 to perform a push-pull operation on the battery box.
  • the drive system can drive the booster robot 302, the battery compartment clamp 303, and the battery compartment push-pull mechanism 304 in accordance with the received console commands.
  • the console is connected to the drive system and can issue console commands to the drive system.
  • a locking structure 305 may be provided on the assisting robot 302 to limit the assisting robot 302. Lifting or rotating action.
  • FIG. 9 it is a schematic diagram of the process of picking up and discharging the battery box of the charging and receiving device of the battery in the embodiment of the battery replacing device of the present invention.
  • the charging frame battery pick-and-place device picks up and discharges the battery box.
  • the working process includes taking the battery box from the charging stand and placing it on the battery box turntable 1 and taking the battery from the battery box turntable 2 (shown in FIG. 6).
  • the two steps of placing the box on the charging stand include:
  • Step S201 driving the robot arm of the industrial robot to rotate and lift, and the robot is docked with the charging stand, and the battery box clamp is aligned with the fully charged battery box.
  • Step S202 the battery box pushing and pulling mechanism extends into the battery box, and the battery box clamp clamps the battery box.
  • Step S203 The battery box pushing and pulling mechanism takes out the battery box from the charging stand, and the industrial robot carrying the battery box walks along the sliding rail to a suitable position to be connected with the battery box turntable 1.
  • Step S204 The battery box pushing and pulling mechanism puts the battery box clamped by the battery box clamp on the battery box turntable 1 to release the grasping mechanism. The step of taking a single battery box from the charging stand onto the battery box turntable is completed.
  • Step S205 The industrial robot not carrying the battery box walks along the sliding rail to a proper position, and adjusts the mechanical arm and the robot to dock the robot with the battery box turntable 2.
  • Step S206 the battery box push-pull mechanism moves to the battery box to be charged on the battery box turntable 2. After the grabbing mechanism of the battery box push-pull mechanism is connected with the battery box, the push-pull motor runs in reverse, and the battery box is taken out and pulled into the battery. In the box fixture.
  • Step S207 driving the industrial robot to walk, rotate and lift along the slide rail, so that the robot docks with the charging stand, and the battery box taken out from the battery box turntable 2 is placed on the designated space on the charging stand, and the battery box clamp is released.
  • the step of taking a single battery box from the battery box turntable 2 onto the charging stand is completed.
  • FIG. 10 it is a schematic diagram of the process of picking up and discharging the battery box of the electric passenger car battery pick-and-place device in the embodiment of the battery replacing device of the present invention.
  • the working process of picking up and discharging the battery box of the electric passenger car battery pick-and-place device includes taking the battery box from the electric passenger car and putting it on the battery box turntable 2 and taking the battery box from the battery box turntable 1 onto the electric passenger car. Steps. Specifically include:
  • Step S301 After the vehicle that needs to be replaced is in position, the power assisting robot completes the docking of the battery-changing vehicle on the end of the power-assisted manipulator by rotating and lifting.
  • Step S302 The current position of the robot and the battery box clamp is locked by the locking structure on the power assisting robot, and the battery box is pulled from the battery of the vehicle into the battery box clamp by the battery box pushing and pulling mechanism.
  • Step S303 Loosen the locking structure on the power assisting robot, unlock the power assisting robot and the battery box clamp, operate the power assisting robot to rotate and lift, and complete the docking of the battery box clamp to the battery box turntable 2.
  • Step S304 pushing the battery box from the battery box clamp to the designated position of the battery box turntable 2 by the battery box pushing and pulling mechanism. The step of taking the battery box from the electric passenger car to the battery box turntable 2 is completed.
  • Step S305 The power assisting robot completes the docking of the battery box turntable 1 by the battery box clamp on the power assisting man by rotating and lifting.
  • Step S306 The current position of the power assisting robot and the battery box clamp is locked by the locking structure on the robot, and the battery box is pulled from the battery box rotating tray 1 into the battery box clamp by the battery box pushing and pulling mechanism.
  • Step S307 Loosen the locking structure of the robot, unlock the power assisting robot and the battery box clamp, operate the power assisting robot to rotate and lift, and complete the docking of the battery box clamp to the electric passenger vehicle.
  • Step S308 pushing the battery box from the battery box fixture to a designated position in the vehicle by the battery box pushing and pulling mechanism. Steps to take the battery from the battery box turntable 1 and put it on the car carry out.
  • the power exchange process can be simply summarized as follows: After the vehicle that needs to be replaced is in place, the battery pick-and-place device of the electric passenger car is taken from the inside of the vehicle and placed on the battery box turntable 2, The battery holder of the charging stand is taken from the charging stand and placed on the battery box turntable 1. The battery pick-and-place device of the electric passenger car is moved from the battery box turntable 2 to the battery box turntable 1, and the battery is taken from the battery box turntable 1 In the car, at the same time, the battery of the charging stand is taken from the battery box turntable 2 and placed on the charging stand. Repeat the above operation until all the battery boxes on the car have been replaced.
  • the battery replacement process is very comfortable, and the battery replacement is realized by the robot and the turntable, thereby improving the battery replacement efficiency and greatly shortening the replacement cycle, thereby making the charger more fully.
  • the ground is used and the utilization rate is higher.
  • the electric passenger car battery pick-and-place equipment can also be manually controlled by the technician directly according to the specific conditions of the electric passenger car, so as to achieve a smooth and smooth replacement of the battery box.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Description

电动乘用车电池更换装置及换电系统 技术领域
本发明涉及能源技术利用领域, 尤其涉及一种适用于电动乘 用车的电池更换装置, 以及换电系统。 背景技术
作为新能源战略和智能电网的重要组成部分, 以及国务院确 定的战略性新兴产业之一, 电动汽车将逐渐成为中国汽车工业和 能源产业发展的重点。 在电动汽车尤其是电动乘用车的商业化产 业化过程中, 如何对电动乘用车进行能量补给则是极为重要的影 响因素, 完善的能量补给系统将为电动乘用车的使用提供非常重 要的支撑。
电动乘用车中电池箱数较少, 大部分为 4组, 但由于电动乘 用车的空间有限, 电池安装位置往往差异很大, 而且安装空间狭 小。 而目前已建设的换电设施较为庞大, 所使用的电池更换方式 对于电动乘用车来说, 电池的装卸非常困难, 定位误差也较大, 导致更换电池箱的时间较长。 对于换电设施来说, 由于电动乘用 车的电池的周转周期较长, 其充电机的利用率也比较低。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种适用于电动乘用车的电池更换装 置及换电系统, 能够使电池更换过程更加顺畅, 提高电池的更换 效率, 节省人力物力。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种适用于电动乘用车的电 池更换装置, 包括:
电池箱转盘组, 包括排成一行的多个电池箱转盘, 所述电池 箱转盘可基于自身轴线旋转预设角度;
充电架电池取放设备, 设于所述电池箱转盘组与充电架之 间, 用于从所述充电架抓取充满电的电池箱, 并将所述电池箱放 置在所述电池箱转盘上, 以及从所述电池箱转盘上抓取待充电的 电池箱, 并将所述电池箱放置在所述充电架上;
电动乘用车电池取放设备,设于电动乘用车与所述电池箱转 盘组之间, 用于从所述电动乘用车的电池抢内取出待充电的电池 箱, 并将所述电池箱放置在所述电池箱转盘上, 以及从所述电池 箱转盘上取出充满电的电池箱, 并将所述电池箱放入所述电动乘 用车的电池抢内。
进一步的,所述充电架电池取放设备包括滑轨、工业机器人、 电池箱夹具、 电池箱推拉机构和驱动系统;
所述滑轨与所述充电架平行设置,所述工业机器人设于所述 滑轨上, 可沿所述滑轨滑动;
所述电池箱夹具安设于所述工业机器人的机械手,可对电池 箱执行夹持动作;
所述电池箱推拉机构与所述电池箱夹具相连,可对电池箱执 行推拉动作;
所述驱动系统接收控制台指令对所述工业机器人、 电池箱夹 具和电池箱推拉机构进行驱动。
进一步的, 所述工业机器人包括底座、 机械臂和机械手; 所述底座设于所述滑轨上, 所述机械臂安设在所述底座, 根 据接收的驱动系统的动作指令执行旋转和 /或升降动作, 并带动机 械手, 使其运动到设置的位置和角度。
进一步的,所述充电架电池取放设备还包括用于发出控制台 指令的控制台, 所述控制台与所述驱动系统相连。
进一步的,所述电动乘用车电池取放设备包括轮式可移动底 座、 助力机械手、 电池箱夹具、 电池箱推拉机构和驱动系统; 所述轮式可移动底座可根据电动乘用车的停放位置对所述 电动乘用车电池取放设备进行位置调整, 所述助力机械手设于所 述轮式可移动底座之上, 所述电池箱夹具设于所述助力机械手的 末端, 可对电池箱执行夹持动作;
所述助力机械手根据接收的驱动系统的动作指令执行旋转 和 /或升降动作, 并带动所述电池箱夹具, 使其运动到设置的位置 和角度;
所述电池箱推拉机构与所述电池箱夹具相连,可对电池箱执 行推拉动作;
所述驱动系统接收控制台指令对所述助力机械手、 电池箱夹 具和电池箱推拉机构进行驱动。
进一步的,所述电动乘用车电池取放设备还包括用于发出控 制台指令的控制台, 所述控制台与所述驱动系统相连。
进一步的, 在所述助力机械手上还设有锁止结构, 用于限制 所述助力机械手的升降或旋转动作。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种包括前述任一电池更换 装置的换电系统, 还包括:
供电单元, 用于为整个换电系统提供电源;
充电单元, 用于对电池箱进行充电, 将充满电的电池排入换 电序列;
监控通讯单元, 通过控制器局域网总线与所述供电单元、 充 电单元、 电池更换装置相连, 用于实时接收被监控对象的运行数 据, 实现运行数据的存储、 处理、 显示、 查询及告警功能。
进一步的, 所述供电单元具体包括:
交流进线柜, 用于从外部接入两路交流电源, 对所述两路交 流电源进行切换; 交流馈线柜, 用于对所述交流进线柜的交流电源进行分配, 并引入所述充电系统。
进一步的, 所述充电单元具体包括:
充电架, 用于放置多个电池箱;
充电机柜, 包括多台充电机, 用于对所述充电架上的电池箱 进行充电。
进一步的, 所述充电单元还包括:
烟雾报警单元,用于检测充电架中的电池箱因过充或短路引 起的烟雾, 并向所述监控通讯单元上报报警信号。
进一步的, 所述充电单元还包括:
电池信息读取模块,用于读取电池箱中的电池管理系统记录 的电池数据;
充电停止模块,用于根据所述电池管理系统发出的电池故障 信息停止充电机的充电操作。
进一步的, 所述充电单元还包括:
充电选择模块,用于在无法读取电池箱中的电池管理系统记 录的电池数据时, 选择不进行充电或选用先恒流再恒压的充电方 法。
进一步的, 所述充电单元还包括:
充电状态指示模块,用于显示充电架上各个电池箱的充电状 态;
故障告警模块, 用于向所述监控通讯单元发送故障告警信 息;
电池信息上报模块,用于向所述监控通讯单元传送各个电池 箱的电池管理系统发送的电池数据。
进一步的, 所述监控通讯单元包括:
数据处理模块, 用于实时接收被监控对象的运行数据, 实现 运行数据的存储、 处理、 显示、 查询及告警功能;
远程控制模块,用于对换电序列和电动乘用车进行调度以及 向电池更换装置及充电单元进行远程控制;
数据转发模块, 用于向上层的调度中心转发运行数据。
基于上述技术方案,本发明电池更换装置利用两种电池取放 装置配合转盘, 使得电动乘用车的电池箱更换更为顺畅, 而且电 动乘用车电池取放设备充分考虑到了电动乘用车的空间狭小、 电 池安放位置差异大等特点 , 利用助力机械手来顺利完成狭小空间 内的电池箱的取放。 整个电池更换过程顺畅, 更换时间短, 由于 提高了电池更换的效率, 因此可以在单位时间内完成更多次的电 池更换, 电池更换周期更短, 从而使充电机能够更充分地进行充 电, 利用率更高。 附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,构成本 申请的一部分,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图中:
图 1为本发明换电系统的一实施例的结构示意图。
图 2为本发明换电系统实施例中的供电单元的结构示意图。 图 3为本发明换电系统实施例中的充电单元的结构示意图。 图 4为本发明换电系统实施例中的监控通讯单元的监控和通 讯连线示意图。
图 5 为本发明换电系统实施例的一种换电流程的流程示意 图。
图 6为本发明换电系统的一种换电工位的平面布置示意图。 图 7为本发明电池更换装置实施例中的充电架电池取放设备 的结构示意图。 图 8为本发明电池更换装置实施例中的电动乘用车电池取放 设备的结构示意图。
图 9为本发明电池更换装置实施例的一种电池更换流程的流 程示意图。
图 10为本发明电池更换装置实施例中电动乘用车电池取放 设备取放电池箱的流程示意图。 具体实施方式
下面通过附图和实施例,对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详 细描述。
如图 1所示, 为本发明换电系统的一实施例的结构示意图。 在本实施例中, 换电系统包括供电单元 1、 充电单元 2、 电池更换 装置 3以及监控通讯单元 4。 其中, 供电单元 1 负责为整个换电 系统提供电源。 充电单元 2负责对电动乘用车可使用的电池箱进 行充电, 将充满电的电池箱排入换电序列。 这里的换电序列是指 作为备选的更换电池箱的多个充满电的电池箱的信息。
监控通讯单元 4 通过控制器局域网 ( Controller Area Network, 简称 CAN ) 总线与供电单元 1、 充电单元 2、 电池更 换装置 3相连, 监控通讯单元 4对供电单元 1、 充电单元 2、 电池 更换装置 3进行监控和控制 ,并实时接收被监控对象的运行数据, 实现运行数据的存储、 处理、 显示、 查询及告警功能。
如图 2所示,为本发明换电系统实施例中的供电单元的结构 示意图。 供电单元 1具体包括: 交流进线柜 11和交流馈线柜 12。 供电单元 1从外部引入两路交流电源(例如三相五线制的 AC380V 等), 这两路交流电源互为备用。 交流进线柜 11负责从外部接入 该两路交流电源, 对该两路交流电源进行切换。 交流馈线柜 12 负责对交流进线柜 11 的交流电源进行分配, 并引入充电单元 2 的充电机柜。交流馈线柜 12可为每两个充电机拒分配一次交流电 源。 供电单元 1不仅为充电单元提供电源, 还为电池更换装置 3 和监控通讯单元 4提供工作电源。
如图 3所示,为本发明换电系统实施例中的充电单元的结构 示意图。 充电单元可以具体包括充电架 21和充电机拒 22, 充电 架 21上可以放置多个电池箱,包括待充的电池箱和充满电的电池 箱。 在换电序列中的电池箱将在电池更换流程中被换入电动乘用 车, 电动乘用车内的电池将在电池更换流程中被放置在充电架 21 上等待充电。
充电机柜 22中包括多台充电机, 这些充电机负责对充电架 21上的电池箱进行充电。 充电时通常采用直流充电, 需要对交流 电源进行整流得到直流工作电源。
考虑到充电架 21 中的电池箱可能出现过充或短路等情况, 严重时甚至发生燃烧的情况,因此为了能及时发现这种严重情况, 在充电架内可以设置烟雾报警单元, 来检测充电架中的电池箱因 过充或短路引起的烟雾, 并向监控通讯单元上报报警信号。
在另一个实施例中,充电单元还可以与电池箱内的电池管理 系统(Battery Management System, 简称 BMS )进行通信, 从 而对电池箱充电过程进行更精细的控制。 充电单元可以包括电池 信息读取模块, 负责读取电池箱中的电池管理系统记录的电池数 据。 充电单元还可以包括充电停止模块, 负责根据所述电池管理 系统发出的电池故障信息停止充电机的充电操作。
如果电池箱的电池管理系统出现电路或接口故障,或者与充 电单元之间的信息交互过程因协议等原因而导致无法正常读取电 池管理系统记录的电池数据,此时在脱离电池管理系统的情况下, 可以在充电单元设置充电选择模块来选择是否充电, 以及充电时 的策略, 例如选用先恒流再恒压的充电方法, 来确保电池箱的总 电压不超过规定上限。
在其他实施例中,充电单元还可以根据需求包括充电状态指 示模块、 故障告警模块或电池信息上报模块等, 且不限于这几种 模块。充电状态指示模块负责显示充电架 21上各个电池箱的充电 状态。 故障告警模块负责向监控通讯单元发送故障告警信息。 电 池信息上报模块负责向监控通讯单元传送各个电池箱的电池管理 系统发送的电池数据。
如图 4所示,为本发明换电系统实施例中的监控通讯单元的 监控和通讯连线示意图。 监控通讯单元通过 CAN 总线与各个充 电机拒 1、2〜24中的充电机进行连接,烟雾报警单元也通过 CAN 总线与监控通讯单元相连。 监控通讯单元的相关控制指令可通过 协议转换器进行协议转换, 将控制台指令下达到电池更换装置。
监控通讯单元具体可以包括: 数据服务器 41、 监控工作站 42和 WEB服务器 43。 数据服务器 41 负责实时接收被监控对象 的运行数据, 实现运行数据的存储、 处理、 显示、 查询及告警功 能。监控工作站 42负责对换电序列和电动乘用车等进行调度以及 向电池更换装置及充电单元等进行远程控制。 WEB服务器 43负 责向上层的调度中心转发运行数据。
下面根据前面对换电系统实施例的描述给出一个换电流程 实例, 如图 5所示, 为本发明换电系统实施例的一种换电流程的 流程示意图。 该换电过程可在图 6所示的换电工位上完成, 在图 6 中, 由于电动乘用车的体积较小, 因此可以一次对多台电动乘 用车同时进行电池更换, 监控通讯单元可以根据电动乘用车电池 舱所在的位置调度电动乘用车停在适宜电池更换的工位, 并且电 池舱朝向转盘的方向。 在电动乘用车的电池舱所对的一侧配置了 充电架和充电机柜。 在充电机柜与电动乘用车之间是充电架和电 池箱转盘组 200。 在电池箱转盘组 200与充电架之间设有充电架 电池取放设备 100, 在电动乘用车与电池箱转盘组 200之间设有 电动乘用车电池取放设备 300。 该换电流程包括:
步骤 S101、 电动乘用车根据指示进入电池更换区域。
步骤 S102、 由于该电动乘用车已提出电池更换请求, 监控 通讯单元对该电动乘用车进行监控, 并通过车辆信息识别设备读 取该电动乘用车的车辆信息。
步骤 S103、 监控通讯单元根据车辆信息和已列入换电序列 的电池箱的电池信息准备在本次电池更换所使用的电池箱的换电 序列。
步骤 S104、 确定换电序列后, 监控通讯单元发出调度指令 指示将该电动乘用车停放到便于电池更换的位置, 电动乘用车就 位后, 打开电池舱门, 准备更换电池。
步骤 S105、 关闭该电动乘用车整车的高低压供电, 并读取 电池组信息。
步骤 S106、 电池更换装置将电池舱内需要更换的电池箱取 出并卸放到电池箱转盘组。
步骤 S107、 电池更换装置将从电池箱转盘组上取得的充满 电的电池箱装入电池抢。
步骤 S108、 检查电池箱是否全部换完, 如果未全部换完, 则返回到步骤 S106继续更换, 否则执行步骤 S109。
步骤 S109、 监控通讯单元通过车辆信息识别设备记录该电 动乘用车的车辆更换信息。
步骤 S110、 该电动乘用车在完成电池更换过程后驶离换电 区域。
步骤 Sl l l、 放置了待充电的电池组的转盘旋转 180度, 电 池更换装置从电池组转盘上取得该待充电的电池组, 并放置到充 电架上。 步骤 S112、充电单元与这些被更换的电池箱中的 BMS通信, 将电池数据读取出来, 并将电池数据传输至监控通讯单元, 监控 通讯单元判断该电池是否存在故障, 是则执行步骤 S113 , 否则执 行步骤 S115。
步骤 S113、 将存在故障的电池箱送到维护间进行故障诊断 和维修, 记录故障信息。
步骤 S114、 将维修好的电池送充电架进入正常的充电程序, 然后执行步骤 S116。
步骤 S115、 如果监控通讯单元分析认为电池箱正常, 不存 在故障, 则进入正常的充电程序, 由充电机对电池箱充电。
步骤 S116、 充满电的电池箱进入换电序列;
步骤 S117、 电池更换装置将充满电的电池箱从充电架上取 出, 并放到电池箱转盘上, 然后执行步驟 S107。
通过上述换电流程, 可以看出电池更换的全程非常舒畅, 利 用机械手和转盘实现了电池更换的流水化, 从而提高了电池更换 效率, 并极大地缩短了更换周期, 进而使充电机能够更充分地被 使用, 利用率更高。
本发明的电池更换装置的实施例主要包括电池箱转盘组、充 电架电池取放设备和电动乘用车电池取放设备。 从图 6中可以看 到电池箱转盘组 200包括排成一行的多个电池箱转盘, 每个电池 箱转盘均可基于自身轴线旋转预设角度。
充电架电池取放设备 100设于电池箱转盘组 200与充电架之 间, 负责从充电架抓取充满电的电池箱, 并将电池箱放置在电池 箱转盘上, 以及从电池箱转盘上抓取待充电的电池箱, 并将电池 箱放置在充电架上。 充电架电池取放设备 100的具体结构参见图 7。
电动乘用车电池取放设备 300设于电动乘用车与电池箱转盘 组 200之间,负责从电动乘用车的电池抢内取出待充电的电池箱, 并将电池箱放置在电池箱转盘上, 以及从电池箱转盘上取出充满 电的电池箱, 并将电池箱放入电动乘用车的电池抢内。 电动乘用 车电池取放设备的具体结构参见图 8。
下面通过图 7对本发明电池更换装置实施例中的充电架电池 取放设备的具体结构进行详细说明。 在本实施例中, 充电架电池 取放设备 100包括滑轨 101、 工业机器人 110、 电池箱夹具 102、 电池箱推拉机构 103和驱动系统(未示出) 。 滑轨 101与充电架 平行设置, 工业机器人 110设于滑轨 101上, 可沿滑轨 101沿平 行于充电架的方向滑动。 电池箱夹具 102安设于工业机器人 110 的机械手 113, 可对电池箱执行夹持动作。 电池箱推拉机构 103 与电池箱夹具 102相连, 可对电池箱执行推拉动作。 驱动系统负 责接收控制台指令对工业机器人 110、 电池箱夹具 102和电池箱 推拉机构 103进行驱动。
工业机器人可采用目前工业常用的机器人,在图 7中给出了 一种工业机器人的实现结构, 该工业机器人包括底座 111、 机械 臂 112和机械手 113。 底座 111设于滑轨 101上, 机械臂 112安 设在底座 111上, 机械臂 112包括多个关节, 可以旋转或摆动, 根据接收的驱动系统的动作指令执行旋转和 /或升降动作, 并带动 机械手 113,使其运动到设置的位置和角度, 以便电池箱夹具 102 能够定位到准确的位置来获取充电架上的电池箱。
充电架电池取放设备所接收的控制台指令可以是监控通讯 单元直接下达的, 也可以是接收由内部设置的控制台 104直接发 出或根据监控通讯单元的控制指令发出的控制台指令, 该控制台 104与驱动系统相连。
下面通过图 8对本发明电池更换装置实施例中的电动乘用车 电池取放设备的具体结构进行详细说明。 在本实施例中, 电动乘 用车电池取放设备 300是考虑到电动乘用车的特点进行设计的, 由于电动乘用车车体较小, 电池舱位置不统一, 且空间狭窄, 因 此为了能够准确的取放电池箱, 电动乘用车电池取放设备 300采 用了位置可调的助力机械手的结构, 以此来提高电池取放的成功 率和更换效率。
电动乘用车电池取放设备 300可以包括以下部分:轮式可移 动底座 301、 助力机械手 302、 电池箱夹具 303、 电池箱推拉机构 304和驱动系统(未示出)。 轮式可移动底座 301包括轮式结构, 可以在地面上方便的移动, 从而根据电动乘用车的停放位置对电 动乘用车电池取放设备 300进行位置调整。 助力机械手 302设于 轮式可移动底座 301之上。 助力机械手 302的末端可安设电池箱 夹具 303 , 用来对电池箱执行夹持动作。 该助力机械手 302的末 端可根据需要调整高度和伸出距离, 从而尽量在无高度变化的状 态下移动电池箱, 使操作更加省力。
助力机械手 302可以根据接收到的驱动系统的动作指令执行 旋转和 /或升降动作, 并带动电池箱夹具 303, 使其运动到设置的 位置和角度。 电池箱推拉机构 304与电池箱夹具 303相连, 可对 电池箱执行推拉动作。 驱动系统可以根据接收到的控制台指令对 助力机械手 302、 电池箱夹具 303和电池箱推拉机构 304进行驱 动。
考虑到电动乘用车可能停放的位置不佳,或者电池舱的位置 比较特别, 难以顺畅的取出和装入, 此时技术人员可以利用电动 乘用车电池取放设备 300内设置的控制台直接进行控制, 以实现 稳妥顺畅的更换电池箱的过程。 该控制台与驱动系统相连, 可以 向驱动系统发出控制台指令。
考虑到助力机械手 302的动作的稳定和使用安全性,在助力 机械手 302上还可以设置锁止结构 305 ,以便限制助力机械手 302 的升降或旋转动作。
下面将再给出本发明电池更换装置实施例的一种电池更换 流程, 以便对前述电池更换装置实施例内的各个机构的工作关系 进行说明。 如图 9所示, 为本发明电池更换装置实施例中充电架 电池取放设备取放电池箱的流程示意图。 在本实施例中, 充电架 电池取放设备取放电池箱的工作过程包括从充电架上取电池箱放 到电池箱转盘 1上和从电池箱转盘 2 (图 6中示出)上取电池箱 放到充电架上两个步驟, 具体包括:
步骤 S201、 驱动工业机器人的机械臂旋转和升降, 使机械 手与充电架对接, 电池箱夹具对准充满电的电池箱。
步骤 S202、 电池箱推拉机构向该电池箱伸入, 所述电池箱 夹具夹持该电池箱。
步骤 S203、 电池箱推拉机构从充电架上取出该电池箱, 承 载电池箱的工业机器人沿滑轨行走至合适位置与电池箱转盘 1对 接。
步骤 S204、 电池箱推拉机构将电池箱夹具夹持的电池箱放 到电池箱转盘 1上, 松开抓取机构。 从充电架上取单只电池箱放 到电池箱转盘上的步驟完成。
步骤 S205、 未承载电池箱的工业机器人沿滑轨行走到合适 位置, 并调整机械臂和机械手使机械手与电池箱转盘 2对接。
步骤 S206、 电池箱推拉机构向电池箱转盘 2上的待充电的 电池箱移动, 在电池箱推拉机构的抓取机构与电池箱连接后, 推 拉电机反向运行, 将电池箱取出并拉入电池箱夹具中。
步骤 S207、 驱动工业机器人沿滑轨行走、 旋转和升降, 使 机械手与充电架对接, 将从电池箱转盘 2中取出的电池箱放到充 电架上指定空位, 松开电池箱夹具。 从电池箱转盘 2上取单只电 池箱放到充电架上的步骤完成。 如图 10所示, 为本发明电池更换装置实施例中电动乘用车 电池取放设备取放电池箱的流程示意图。 电动乘用车电池取放设 备取放电池箱的工作过程包括从电动乘用车上取电池箱放到电池 箱转盘 2上和从电池箱转盘 1上取电池箱放到电动乘用车上两个 步骤。 具体包括:
步骤 S301、 当需更换电池的车辆就位后, 助力机械手通过 旋转和升降, 完成助力机械手末端上的电池箱夹具对换电车辆的 对接。
步骤 S302、 通过助力机械手上的锁止结构锁死机械手及电 池箱夹具的当前位置, 通过电池箱推拉机构将电池箱从车辆的电 池抢拉入电池箱夹具内。
步骤 S303、 松开助力机械手上的锁止结构, 解锁助力机械 手及电池箱夹具, 操作助力机械手使其旋转和升降, 完成电池箱 夹具对电池箱转盘 2的对接。
步骤 S304、 通过电池箱推拉机构将电池箱从电池箱夹具内 推到电池箱转盘 2的指定位置。 从电动乘用车上取电池箱放到电 池箱转盘 2上的步骤完成。
步骤 S305、 助力机械手通过旋转和升降, 完成助力机械手 上的电池箱夹具对电池箱转盘 1的对接。
步骤 S306、 通过机械手上的锁止结构锁死助力机械手及电 池箱夹具的当前位置, 通过电池箱推拉机构将电池箱从电池箱转 盘 1拉入电池箱夹具内。
步骤 S307、 松开机械手上的锁止结构, 解锁助力机械手及 电池箱夹具, 操作助力机械手旋转和升降, 完成电池箱夹具对电 动乘用车的对接。
步骤 S308、 通过电池箱推拉机构将电池箱从电池箱夹具内 推到车内的指定位置。 从电池箱转盘 1上取电池放到车上的步骤 完成。
基于上述的电池箱的取放流程, 换电流程可以简单概括为: 当需更换电池的车辆就位后, 电动乘用车电池取放设备从车内取 电池放到电池箱转盘 2上, 同时充电架电池取放设备从充电架上 取电池放到电池箱转盘 1上, 电动乘用车电池取放设备从电池箱 转盘 2上移到电池箱转盘 1 , 从电池箱转盘 1取电池装到车上, 同时充电架电池取放从电池箱转盘 2上取电池放到充电架上。 重 复以上操作, 直至该车上的电池箱全部更换完毕。
从上述电池更换流程可以看出, 电池更换的全程非常舒畅, 利用机械手和转盘实现了电池更换的流水化, 从而提高了电池更 换效率, 并极大地缩短了更换周期, 进而使充电机能够更充分地 被使用, 利用率更高。 另外, 电动乘用车电池取放设备还可以根 据电动乘用车的具体情况由技术人员直接进行手动控制, 从而实 现稳妥顺畅的更换电池箱的过程。
最后应当说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方 案而非对其限制; 尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说 明, 所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解: 依然可以对本发明的具 体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换; 而不脱 离本发明技术方案的精神, 其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术 方案范围当中。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种适用于电动乘用车的电池更换装置, 包括:
电池箱转盘组, 包括排成一行的多个电池箱转盘, 所述电池 箱转盘可基于自身轴线旋转预设角度;
充电架电池取放设备, 设于所述电池箱转盘组与充电架之 间, 用于从所述充电架抓取充满电的电池箱, 并将所述电池箱放 置在所述电池箱转盘上, 以及从所述电池箱转盘上抓取待充电的 电池箱, 并将所述电池箱放置在所述充电架上;
电动乘用车电池取放设备,设于电动乘用车与所述电池箱转 盘组之间, 用于从所述电动乘用车的电池抢内取出待充电的电池 箱, 并将所述电池箱放置在所述电池箱转盘上, 以及从所述电池 箱转盘上取出充满电的电池箱, 并将所述电池箱放入所述电动乘 用车的电池抢内。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的电池更换装置, 其中所述充电架电 池取放设备包括滑轨、 工业机器人、 电池箱夹具、 电池箱推拉机 构和驱动系统;
所述滑轨与所述充电架平行设置, 所述工业机器人设于所述 滑轨上, 可沿所述滑轨滑动;
所述电池箱夹具安设于所述工业机器人的机械手, 可对电池 箱执行夹持动作;
所述电池箱推拉机构与所述电池箱夹具相连, 可对电池箱执 行推拉动作;
所述驱动系统接收控制台指令对所述工业机器人、 电池箱夹 具和电池箱推拉机构进行驱动。
3. 如权利要求 2所述的电池更换装置, 其中所述工业机器 人包括底座、 机械臂和机械手; 所述底座设于所述滑轨上, 所述机械臂安设在所述底座, 根 据接收的驱动系统的动作指令执行旋转和 /或升降动作, 并带动机 械手, 使其运动到设置的位置和角度。
4. 如权利要求 3所述的电池更换装置, 其中所述充电架电 池取放设备还包括用于发出控制台指令的控制台, 所述控制台与 所述驱动系统相连。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的电池更换装置, 其中所述电动乘用 车电池取放设备包括轮式可移动底座、助力机械手、 电池箱夹具、 电池箱推拉机构和驱动系统;
所述轮式可移动底座可根据电动乘用车的停放位置对所述 电动乘用车电池取放设备进行位置调整, 所述助力机械手设于所 述轮式可移动底座之上, 所述电池箱夹具设于所述助力机械手的 末端, 可对电池箱执行夹持动作;
所述助力机械手根据接收的驱动系统的动作指令执行旋转 和 /或升降动作, 并带动所述电池箱夹具, 使其运动到设置的位置 和角度;
所述电池箱推拉机构与所述电池箱夹具相连, 可对电池箱执 行推拉动作;
所述驱动系统接收控制台指令对所述助力机械手、 电池箱夹 具和电池箱推拉机构进行驱动。
6. 如权利要求 5所述的电池更换装置, 其中所述电动乘用 车电池取放设备还包括用于发出控制台指令的控制台, 所述控制 台与所述驱动系统相连。
7. 如权利要求 6所述的电池更换装置, 其中在所述助力机 械手上还设有锁止结构, 用于限制所述助力机械手的升降或旋转 动作。
8. 一种包括权利要求 1-7任一所述的电池更换装置的换电 系统, 还包括:
供电单元, 用于为整个换电系统提供电源;
充电单元, 用于对电池箱进行充电, 将充满电的电池箱排入 换电序列;
监控通讯单元, 通过控制器局域网总线与所述供电单元、 充 电单元、 电池更换装置相连, 用于实时接收被监控对象的运行数 据, 实现运行数据的存储、 处理、 显示、 查询及告警功能。
9. 如权利要求 8所述的换电系统, 其中, 所述供电单元具 体包括:
交流进线拒, 用于从外部接入两路交流电源, 对所述两路交 流电源进行切换;
交流馈线拒, 用于对所述交流进线柜的交流电源进行分配, 并引入所述充电系统。
10. 如权利要求 8所述的换电系统, 其中, 所述充电单元具 体包括:
充电架, 用于放置多个电池箱;
充电机柜, 包括多台充电机, 用于对所述充电架上的电池箱 进行充电。
11. 如权利要求 10 所述的换电系统, 其中所述充电单元还 包括:
烟雾报警单元, 用于检测充电架中的电池箱因过充或短路引 起的烟雾, 并向所述监控通讯单元上报报警信号。
12. 如权利要求 11 所述的换电系统, 其中所述充电单元还 包括:
电池信息读取模块, 用于读取电池箱中的电池管理系统记录 的电池数据;
充电停止模块, 用于根据所述电池管理系统发出的电池故障 信息停止充电机的充电操作。
13. 如权利要求 11 所述的换电系统, 其中所述充电单元还 包括:
充电选择模块, 用于在无法读取电池箱中的电池管理系统记 录的电池数据时, 选择不进行充电或选用先恒流再恒压的充电方 法。
14. 如权利要求 12或 13所述的换电系统, 其中所述充电单 元还包括:
充电状态指示模块, 用于显示充电架上各个电池箱的充电状 态;
故障告警模块, 用于向所述监控通讯单元发送故障告警信 电池信息上报模块, 用于向所述监控通讯单元传送各个电池 箱的电池管理系统发送的电池数据。
15. 如权利要求 8所述的换电系统, 其中所述监控通讯单元 包括:
数据服务器, 用于实时接收被监控对象的运行数据, 实现运 行数据的存储、 处理、 显示、 查询及告警功能;
监控工作站, 用于对换电序列和电动乘用车进行调度以及向 电池更换装置及充电单元进行远程控制;
WEB服务器, 用于向上层的调度中心转发运行数据。
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CN113978305A (zh) * 2021-10-20 2022-01-28 厦门绿沃电子科技有限公司 助力式标准化电池箱自助充换电系统
CN114132218A (zh) * 2021-12-20 2022-03-04 盐城正邦环保科技有限公司 一种重卡换电系统及换电方法
CN115509270A (zh) * 2022-11-21 2022-12-23 江苏智慧优视电子科技有限公司 基于换电机器人协同工作的电池箱定位管理系统及方法
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CN117325823B (zh) * 2023-11-28 2024-05-07 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 商用车辆的换电方法

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