WO2012032198A2 - Ensemble d'éléments et de pièces pour le montage, l'agrandissement et la reconversion modulaire rapide et réversible d'embarcations, de radeaux, de passerelles, de ponts flottants et de structures flottantes provisoires comprenant plusieurs flotteurs, particulièrement pour des urgences dans un environnement aquatique - Google Patents

Ensemble d'éléments et de pièces pour le montage, l'agrandissement et la reconversion modulaire rapide et réversible d'embarcations, de radeaux, de passerelles, de ponts flottants et de structures flottantes provisoires comprenant plusieurs flotteurs, particulièrement pour des urgences dans un environnement aquatique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012032198A2
WO2012032198A2 PCT/ES2011/000272 ES2011000272W WO2012032198A2 WO 2012032198 A2 WO2012032198 A2 WO 2012032198A2 ES 2011000272 W ES2011000272 W ES 2011000272W WO 2012032198 A2 WO2012032198 A2 WO 2012032198A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
crossbars
longitudinal
floats
same
bars
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PCT/ES2011/000272
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
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WO2012032198A3 (fr
Inventor
José Nieto León
Original Assignee
Nieto Leon Jose
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Application filed by Nieto Leon Jose filed Critical Nieto Leon Jose
Priority to EP11823103.4A priority Critical patent/EP2679482A4/fr
Publication of WO2012032198A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012032198A2/fr
Publication of WO2012032198A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012032198A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/02—Hulls assembled from prefabricated sub-units
    • B63B3/04—Hulls assembled from prefabricated sub-units with permanently-connected sub-units
    • B63B3/06—Hulls assembled from prefabricated sub-units with permanently-connected sub-units the sub-units being substantially identical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/34—Pontoons

Definitions

  • Utility Model ES1064408U and European Patent Application EP2070814A1 describes a constructive set of elements and parts that allows easy and quick assembly, in a matter of minutes, of small vessels with two or more parallel floats, primarily intended for water leisure of individuals, families and small human groups. They allow the assembly, by lateral repetition of the same pieces and structural units that are available, of vessels of one, two, or even more seats, as well as the change of the number of them by adding or eliminating modular structural units, without the need to disassemble the previously assembled structure in loose parts and reassemble the desired boat, with the consequent and important saving of time for leisure and recreational activities.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) pantalanes or floating docks, especially if the same standardized structural elements are always used, repeated the number of times necessary for the final obtaining of very different assemblies in terms of size and characteristics, but quickly and easily reconfigures rabies according to the needs and priorities of each moment, using a system of assembly and standardized union common to the whole set of elements and parts.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) specific cases and located at the level of a municipality or private property, up to large-scale operations on large areas of flooded land of difficult access and with adverse weather conditions for the flight of rescue or supply aircraft.
  • Non-rigid inflatable boats are much more transportable and compactable, but not very recommended due to their relative vulnerability to tears, punctures and erosions against objects compared to the previous ones, more insecure due to their deformability against impacts due to lack of rigid elements, and a shorter service life, due to cumulative deterioration with time of use or by simple aging in long-term storage, deflated and folded.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) large or smaller depending on the obstacles between which manebrary of the optimal number of people to evacuate or cargo to be transported on each trip.
  • the invention presented here does not allow such good behavior in marine waters or strong waves, or a use as continuous as semi-rigid vessels, nor would they have the compactability of completely pneumatic vessels, in addition to being heavier when mounted by parts, but they would provide, in return, a series of advantages that would allow it to begin to act and adapt to an emergency with equal or less response time than those, and with much greater versatility and reconversion capacity, being able to be a good complement or option to them when you have to make quick decisions with a small margin of time and when the magnitude and extent of the event is very large.
  • the assembly procedure is simple and easy to understand, its maintenance is almost nil, and the floats are closed and unsinkable, they could be used, if necessary, by civilians or personnel not necessarily professional or trained to, at least , the construction of safe and stable rafts, whether they were in the place of the event or if the area was remote or isolated and the pieces were delivered from the air.
  • the pieces of different origins and owners are combinable and assembled with each other, whether they were individuals with a few floats in their garages, as well as companies or bodies and security forces of the state with a huge number of them in their vehicles and warehouses, so that a great capacity for coordination and cooperation among all those involved could be achieved.
  • the structural parts and units (or even small compacted catamarans ready to decompress and launch into the water in a few seconds) can be transported by truck, trailer or helicopter to the place of the events, since when found the different pieces dismantled and stacked in a compacted way, enough can be transported to obtain, comparatively, more modular vessels than semi-rigid vessels within the same volume of vehicle.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) in single pieces, but in larger modular units. Even from the first news of the magnitude of the events, small vessels, or structural flotation units or parts of them could be prepared in the truck or vehicle's own box during the trip to join quickly, prepared for the conditions of the situation with which they will find when arriving at the place, provided that for the safety of the equipment the different elements are arranged in suitable supports and there is an area specially prepared in the box or cabin of the vehicle for such assembly operations during transport.
  • the units or loose parts by hand can be transported by land by cargo animals or carriers more easily than semi-rigid vessels, or also use cables, pulleys and zip lines so that the complete vessels or by parts overcome steep ravines or slopes . Since it is important that the size and weight of the individual floats be balanced to offer optimum buoyancy and load capacity, and at the same time adequate portability, it is advisable to have several formats or sizes of floats. For this, they all have the same assembly positions of the different cross-linking elements, and almost all of them are of the same length but with different standardized widths.
  • auxiliary boats easy assembly and decompaction
  • floating structures for scientific, humanitarian or travel expeditions.
  • remote areas that have many water obstacles, with which to build the floating structure that is needed as appropriate, whether it is to navigate them using them as boats or to cross them using them as a bridge.
  • they are temporary vessels for temporary use that are not permanent, but fast and versatile, so that parts worn, broken or that do not pass a routine inspection can be replaced by new ones without affecting all the others, and in the In case of needing a longer use, the parts can be swapped in their positions like the tires of a vehicle, in order to distribute the efforts and fatigue extending their joint life.
  • the structural flotation units can, optionally, be linked laterally to each other by longitudinal hinges, being able to obtain both linear and branched rigid structures according to perpendicular directions, as well as flexible linear chains of floats, adaptable to vertical movements of water, as well as mixed combinations of both, to initially choose the most appropriate structure according to the conditions of the current and the necessary length of the gangway or floating bridge.
  • longitudinal hinges being able to obtain both linear and branched rigid structures according to perpendicular directions, as well as flexible linear chains of floats, adaptable to vertical movements of water, as well as mixed combinations of both, to initially choose the most appropriate structure according to the conditions of the current and the necessary length of the gangway or floating bridge.
  • it allows chain packaging
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) of floats in rolled and / or folded cyclic structures as a reel or reel, or even in the form of a belt or caterpillar, on special central parts or frames that act as a baking or forming element for the floats and other elements of the floating platform or structure.
  • Such rolled cyclic structures allow one last important application, only for cases of extraordinarily strong water currents in which there is no possibility of rescue from the air or by other alternative means.
  • This is the optional construction, with few additional parts, of rafts and floating cylindrical rotary hull walkways that remain attached to a transverse clamping cable firmly anchored to both banks, so that passengers are protected and surrounded at all times by a frame or cage in the form of a regular polygonal prism (which to simplify the language we will approximate as cylindrical), with the floats screwed to its perimeter and rotating around it, so that the structure converts an important part of the linear kinetic energy of the thrust of the water flow in kinetic energy of rotation of the structure itself, achieving a series of static and dynamic effects that stabilize and increase its flotation, and which can also be partially used for the propulsion of the raft in the desired direction, so that passengers may be more likely to safely cross a stream of water impracticable by other means and types of boats.
  • the nature of the invention allows, at any time, a certain number of viable or suitable options of structures that can be assembled, of assembly, disassembly and reconversion forms, and of possible methods of transporting the pieces and / or structures, being this number of options and possibilities of choice the greater the greater the number and / or class of the pieces available.
  • the size and dimensions of the pieces can be adapted to several standardized formats, larger for the construction of boats and floating structures with greater stability and load capacity, or smaller so that the Built parts and structures are more manageable and transportable by land, and more maneuverable between obstacles once in the water.
  • the interior of the series of floats of the structure in process of assembly can be intercalated, within a hole with enough space between them to accommodate them, so that the floats they are placed from below and the longitudinal U-bars from above with respect to the crossbars, imprisoning them and gagging them between them when these two pieces are screwed to them and to each other.
  • the length of the crossbars used is the one that determines the maximum number of floats that can be carried by the boat, raft or floating structure, so its
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) Initial selection allows the subsequent addition, withdrawal or change of arrangement of floats in a number between two (one if it is very wide and stable) and this maximum number. In the event that the floating structure must have a size or number of floats that cannot be reached by these two operations, the crossings can be exchanged for others of different length, greater or lesser, without the need to disassemble the entire previous structure in loose parts and therefore start assembly from scratch, as well as, with new elements and parts presented, connect in series two or more crossbars to join two previously mounted flotation structures into a single larger one, and quickly separate them again, providing versatility and time savings for quick performance and adaptation.
  • the new pieces presented allow us to choose between multiple types of structures, as with the structural units of floating float-bar (s) longitudinal in U in mutual contact or separated from each other, optionally adding anchoring elements and obtaining the intermediate stiffness to increase structural strength (anchors and pins, frames or rectangular reinforcement frames and oblique struts), to be chosen depending on the type and size of the boat, raft or floating structure that is being mounted.
  • Additional parts facilitate the transport and handling of the different built parts and structures, such as removable handles that can be inserted in the line of the crossbars, crossbars with hooks for towing from boats or vehicles on land or for motor supports outside -board, and racks insertable in the openings of the crossbars provided with wheels or skates for easy dragging overland of heavy mounted structures to or from the water.
  • FIG. 1 There are also additional connecting pieces with an intermediate hinge that can be placed in the line of the crossbars, which allow to build floating walkways consisting of rigid sections linked to each other with rotating joints, which provide some flexibility over the water to structures long floating, also greatly facilitating its construction, by ground mounting a plurality of smaller or shorter rigid structures, which can be transported floating or above the growing walkway itself to the end, for its final articulated joint.
  • Such supplementary pieces may lack such a hinge and allow, instead, the consecutive rigid concatenation of such smaller structures, or their firm anchorage to the ground or bottom by ground-driven struts or by chaining to heavy ballasts located at the bottom. They can also be angular, to allow the rigid union of several floating platforms at different levels to adapt, for example, to rugged terrain or to very uneven heights at water level.
  • Branched joint elements are also included, with pieces in the form of T, X, or joint in edge and corner positions, which allow obtaining three-dimensional structures that can be reinforced by the addition of supplementary oblique braces, and which allow
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) the construction of branched floating structures both horizontally (docking docks or temporary removable swamps), and vertically (floating scaffolding or three-dimensional frameworks of bridges or floating or hanging bridges of great length, or to add a second higher platform to a vessel or wide and stable barge with which to increase its load placement capacity).
  • floats with openings or openings in their upper part, which are preferably placed in the center of boats flanked by normal closed floats unsinkable, so that they can accommodate inside the legs of the passengers for their stable seating and safe, as well as the confined placement of cargo inside and / or the ballast of the boat, while lowering its center of gravity, something suitable if the water has a certain swell or strong currents.
  • Longitudinal hinges are included, which can optionally be placed on all or some of the U-longitudinal bars, so that each and every one of the U-longitudinal longitudinal floating-bar structural units that have these can be crimped together laterally in each other.
  • These longitudinal hinges allow the assembly of partially flexible and / or folding chains, more or less long, with floats arranged adjacently or spacedly, which make possible the rapid laying or growth of a floating walkway by unfolding and / or unrolling the same from the shore in the direction of the water, as a blind in some cases or carpet in others, with the subsequent insertion through its crossbars for complete structural stiffening if it is convenient, as well as the reverse process of removal by rolled, folded or disassembled into short chains or loose units.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) of periodic or seasonal flooding, or to allow the passage of boats in a watercourse without permanent bridges of an area under reconstruction. They also allow the construction of floating containers, surrounded and peripherally protected by floats, capable of accommodating supplies and humanitarian material inside, which can be dropped from an airplane and once in the water become one or more resistant rafts, then to open them and make them rigid by introducing crossbars included in the airborne aid package itself.
  • a series of supplementary support pieces with robust vertical shafts that allow the floats, individually or together in wide, stable and symmetrical assemblies of an even number of them, can rotate freely in a horizontal plane below and with with respect to the platform of the floating walkway, these automatically oriented in the direction of the water flow once fixed, or while the platform is moving towards its final position by moving in the water or pivoting on one of its fixed ends on the shore. They also allow the assembly, disassembly, folding and reversible deployment of the floating walkway as a carpenter's rule, providing additional construction options to those already provided by the rest of the elements.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) the same passengers are protected at all times from the force of drag of the current and can not be dismissed from the boat, nor can it tip over when lacking a preferred vertical direction.
  • a greater flow and thrust of the body of water immediately translates into a higher rotation speed of the outer hull, instead of uncontrolled movements as in the case of a normal boat, so that it is achieved, by effect of its inertia of rotation, a dynamic effect of increasing buoyancy the greater the greater the rotation speed, and an additional stabilization of its spatial orientation, due to the principle of conservation of angular momentum, which dampens pitching movements uncontrolled that would have a normal boat in the same conditions.
  • Figure 1 shows, both in perspective and in top and side views, a structural flotation unit composed of a float with its sliding front cover, a pair of U-shaped bent longitudinal bars and a pair of crossbars, as well as its shape of mutual coupling in a comparative exploded view.
  • Figure 2 shows, in perspective, the reversible process of assembling an example floating structure of three parallel floats in mutual contact from an initial catamaran type floating structure with two parallel floats separated by a central hole without a float, both by the process (a) of lateral addition of a structural flotation unit (float and longitudinal U-bars) and subsequent transverse compaction and fixation of the series of
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) three floats to the crossbars, as by means of the interleaving process (b) of the central float by insertion, separately, of the float from below and the longitudinal U-bars from above, so that once they are screwed in the central position, clamp and screw the cross between these two pieces.
  • Figure 3 shows, in perspective, the sequence of the reversible process of replacing the crossings of three segments of length of an example floating structure of three parallel floats in mutual contact, by two other crossings of five segments to obtain a final floating structure of five parallel floats in contact, after the final lateral addition of two structural flotation units with one float each.
  • Figure 4 shows, in perspective, the reversible process of lateral expansion of a floating structure by joining it to a similar one, using as hollow elements between both two solid internal or hollow tubular crossbars, which are screwed and perfectly adjusted inside the main crossings of both starting structures. Also shown are the sections of an assembly consisting of an inner cross member inserted and screwed into an outer cross member, as well as a set of two cross members each consisting of two non-tubular U-shaped pieces, suitable for mutually engaging. surrounding a tensioned cable and fixed to the ground which obviously cannot be introduced inside tubular crossbars.
  • Figure 5 shows, in perspective, the reversible process of adding on each side of a float structural unit of a float, each with a pair of crossings of a length segment, to an initial floating structure of three floats in contact mutual, to obtain a final floating structure of five parallel floats in contact, in a process with the same result but faster than that of Figure 3.
  • Figure 6 shows a cross-section of various hull configurations of self-propelled, anchoring or towable floating structures of example, which can be constructed by lateral repetition of the same modular floating flotation units, placed at certain transverse distances on various crossings of chosen lengths , using on certain occasions internal floats with holes to facilitate the accommodation inside of cargo, ballast or passengers
  • Figure 7 shows an example of the classes and number of floating structures
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) they can subsequently be obtained by joining two or more of the structures shown here by using inner crossbars or other linear or branched joint elements.
  • Figure 8 shows the use of a front bar with hooks for the towing of a raft or floating structure, as well as for the introduction of a transverse cable inside it to move it perpendicular to a stream of water, by use of terminal parts for the passage of such cable (s).
  • Figure 9 shows the use of the front (and rear) slots of the floats for fixing parts with a transverse cylindrical hole that serves as an axis for the coupling of a removable front (or rear) pivoting gangway, as well as other elements such as connecting platforms between float assemblies that allow a certain degree of mutual freedom of rotation for temporary floating bridges and the like.
  • Figure 10 shows elements coupled to one side for handling and dragging of mounted structures, such as individual handles or in the form of bars, and racks on wheels or skates.
  • Figure 11 shows the arrangement of terminal assembly and connection elements insertable in line inside the crossings, such as the case of gagged terminal pieces of floats in contact for vessels (a), the case of end-finished end pieces for the penetration and centering of the crossings inside the transverse grooves during the process of joining and stiffening series of consecutive floats during the construction of rigid floating walkways by coupling of structural flotation units on the growing end (b), and end pieces with a vertical hole for the introduction of a pickaxe or bar for subsequent nailing to the ground and immobilization of the end of the floating structure (c).
  • terminal assembly and connection elements insertable in line inside the crossings, such as the case of gagged terminal pieces of floats in contact for vessels (a), the case of end-finished end pieces for the penetration and centering of the crossings inside the transverse grooves during the process of joining and stiffening series of consecutive floats during the construction of rigid floating walkways by coupling of structural flotation units on the growing end (b), and end pieces with a vertical hole for the introduction of a pick
  • Figure 12 shows the arrangement of mounting and joining elements for the rigid linear connection of two adjacent floating structures, such as the case (a) of inner crossings of lengths of one or two segments, and the case (b) of a piece of linear union with two consecutive coaxial segments of internal crossbar separated by a central piece with a vertical hole for the introduction of a strut or bar for subsequent nailing, anchored or ballasted to the ground and immobilization of the floating structure in the desired position.
  • Figure 13 shows the arrangement of mounting and joining elements for obtaining angled connections on the line of the crossings of the structures, both by means of angular joints according to certain standardized fixed angles (a), and by angular angle pieces variable by means of a centered horizontal transverse hinge, which allows symmetrical turning angles above and below the main horizontal plane of the crossbars and the platform of the floating structure (b), such as by angular pieces of varying angle by means of a horizontal transverse hinge off-center, which allows angles
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) of rotation between approximately 0 ° and 180 °, for the coupling of accessories or structures at different levels such as ladders or folding or folding side walkways (c).
  • Figure 14 shows examples of cyclic polygonal frames for obtaining boats, rafts, containers or floating cages resistant (a) or indifferent (c) to the dump, as well as free spin (b).
  • Figure 15 shows the assembly and joining elements that allow obtaining branched floating structures in two or three dimensions, using for coupling with other outer cross members (a), inner crossbars (b), or consecutive outer crossbars lacking a central separation element (c), so that, in the latter case, along one of the axes a continuous internal cross member can be introduced that is not interrupted by a central element as in the previous cases (a) and (b ), allowing greater structural rigidity. It is visible that cases (a) and (c) allow the inclusion of reinforcement plates between the arms that are mutually perpendicular, which may have holes for the coupling of oblique bars or braces between different parts of the constructed three-dimensional structure. An example of a horizontally branched (d) and vertically (e) branched floating structure of the many that can be assembled is shown.
  • Figure 16 shows, comparatively, the top, side and front views of different types of floats, both short and long aft, both symmetrical and asymmetrical, and both closed and with holes or top openings, as well as the top, side views and front of the longitudinal U-bars and rectangular frames, all between one and three segments wide. It also shows, in perspective, a comparison of three floats with upper openings of the same characteristics but of different widths of one, two and three segments, together with their corresponding covers for such openings.
  • Figure 17 graphically shows a comparison of the relative ease of movement of different vessels (or floating walkways) with respect to the water according to the weight and the arrangement of the floats, such as the case of floats in contact or separated from each other with low weight (a) and separate floats with a lot of weight (b), observing that in the first case there is a slide on the water and in the second case the water flow between the floats is cut and divided, as well as floats in mutual contact with a lot of weight, both with floats with bow ending in tip (c) and with bow ending in continuous blunt point (d).
  • Figure 18 shows the usefulness of symmetric floats according to a central vertical transverse symmetry plane with straight and stern bow and stern, for (a) the construction of a
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) long barge of any length constructed with equal and indifferent symmetric bow and stern floats, arranged together in mutual contact perpendicularly with respect to the direction of advance of the vessel, with the terminal pieces of gagged floats for the fastening of the series in the longitudinal direction of advance, and (b) for the construction of a barge or floating structure expandable both in length and in width, by using the four transverse slots for the placement of the crossings of all the floats, and the placement of the floats of each row longitudinally offset one crossbar with respect to the other.
  • This case (b) is only possible in the particular case of the geometric separation condition between the crossbars and the bow / stern ends illustrated in the figure.
  • Figure 19 shows the usefulness of a side float supplement with rounded shapes, so that with its coupling on both sides of one or more attached floats with flat side faces it is possible to improve the ease of rotation and displacement in the water of the boat so built.
  • Figure 20 shows examples of successively longer than normal floats, manufactured in one piece for some type of specific and specific use in which it is convenient to increase their length, noting that cross slots may appear not covered by the platform constituted by the bars U-lengths (a), or to be able to couple two or more pairs of U-longitudinal bars consecutively along the length of the float (b), or also that there are additional transverse grooves below a bow and stern sliding covers longer than normal, to join and reinforce transversely to a greater extent than in normal floats and very easily floating structures with more crossbars that can be placed and removed at the ends, or a combination of these three cases.
  • Figure 21 shows examples of float hull structures consisting of cross sections of bow, stern and center that can be coupled to each other longitudinally in a row to give structures coupled in short bow-stern (a) or stern-stern (b) , as well as structures with a certain number of middle sections placed between two bow and / or stern end sections, of a total length expandable successively according to the number of middle sections mounted on the structure. It is observed that in all cases the pairs of longitudinal U-bars serve as a connecting element between the different cross sections.
  • Figure 22 shows the shape of a float element that combines a lower inflatable pneumatic part with a solid upper part, which incorporates the standardized transverse grooves of the same respective sections and positions as in all other flotation elements for coupling the crossbars and longitudinal U-bars and which enable it to obtain structures compatible with the elements and parts of the assembly.
  • Figure 23 shows the optional rubber seals for mutual lateral contact between
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) the floats, and the arrangement of the pieces (if they are metal) or joints (if they are rubber) in a U-shape, separators and dampers, which can serve as protection against wear by the continuous rubbing of the crossbars over the grooves cross-sections of the floats, as well as their optional modification in the form of a transverse support beam.
  • Figure 24 shows a comparison of several possible embodiments of the sliding covers of the bow and / or stern of the floats with various practical applications, such as the most immediate of covering the upper longitudinal guides and transverse grooves of these and providing them with an aesthetic finish completing its shape (a), that of also providing a rectangular section of non-slip platform of the same width as the longitudinal U-bars or rectangular frames, in order to successively expand the accessible surface on which to step on or place accessories (b), that of also provide a vertical surface as a forward and / or rear board to protect against waves or water coming due to the advance of the vessel (c), or even with a laterally expandable bench section with each added structural flotation unit , where passengers sit forward and stern, leaving the center free for cargo placement or other uses (d).
  • a that of also providing a rectangular section of non-slip platform of the same width as the longitudinal U-bars or rectangular frames, in order to successively expand the accessible surface on which to step on or place accessories
  • b that of also provide a vertical surface as
  • Figure 25 shows an example of several attachable false bows of variable and selectable widths, shapes and materials, which allow several floats to be hugged by their bow ends, even if they are of different widths and types, to constitute vessels of better behavior even with heterogeneous floats .
  • Figure 26 shows the different ways in which two adjacent flotation structural units of the floating structure can be found, and the different pieces that can be added to them or between them, in order to complete or reinforce the structure.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) (g) With one or several rectangular frames or longitudinal U-bars between each pair of contiguous floats in the series and oblique reinforcement braces, below and between the crossbars in long structures.
  • Figure 27 shows the ways of placing and fixing modular accessories of standardized dimensions on the longitudinal U-bars, such as (a) the vertical placement and screwed on the longitudinal U-bars for light fixtures, or (b) the sliding horizontal on the longitudinal U-bars as longitudinal guides, and subsequent anchorage with lower pins, optionally provided with small wheels, for heavy accessories that can move longitudinally without leaving.
  • Figure 28 shows in (a) an example of a motorized vessel of the many realizable, constituted by a three-segment central open float, flanked by two shorter closed side floats of only five slots, arranged in this example in an inverted arrangement for a greater stability and load capacity, using the front compartment for ballast or load and the other two for passenger accommodation.
  • (b) the result of the coupling of possible inflatable linear pneumatic elements placed as padded side and front protections for greater safety of passengers in rough waters is shown.
  • Figure 29 shows four ways of laying and growing an example floating walkway, stiffened with crosspieces and constituted by alternating floats with platform segments without float underneath, on the one hand using cables as a guide for the safe growth of the floating walkway from the shore in the direction of the other and adding on the ground the elements one by one (a) or in short chains of previously assembled elements (b) and subsequently pushing in each addition the gangway assembly towards the other shore, or on the other hand without cables, adding at the end itself growing on the water the elements one by one (c) or in pre-assembled fragments on land, which must move to their position above the constructed platform or by water (d ), being necessary in these last two cases to insert anchoring elements to the ground or bottom for immobilization, at regular intervals, of the floating walkway in front of the run nte.
  • Figure 30 shows a comparison of the longitudinal U-bars and rectangular frames provided with longitudinal hinges, in symmetrical and antisymmetric arrangements with respect to the inversion operation, as well as the way of crimping with pins and of mutual folding in both cases.
  • Figure 31 shows the foundation with which they can be coupled, with greater security, structural flotation units at the growing end of a gangway
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) floating, by crimping with pins of the longitudinal hinges of the longitudinal U-bars, before stiffening and immobilization, also in steps, by gradual and consecutive introduction of the crossbars provided with penetration end pieces and centered in the grooves for greater ease of operations
  • Figure 32 shows the operating procedure most adjusted to the reality of the process of the previous figure for rigid (a) or flexible (b) structures, in which an operator transports a float by means of a carriage provided with hooks and places it in the position of crimp, while another one puts the pins with suitable tools as a precaution to avoid using fingers and hands, before releasing and immobilizing by introducing the crossbars (a), being able to also place short chains of several floats by the same procedure, without the need to introduce in each step the crossbars, joining the chain fragments in this case by means of angular union pieces with central horizontal hinge centered (b).
  • Figure 33 shows the form of folding in layers of structural flotation units linked laterally by means of longitudinal hinges, which allows to reduce the width of rafts or long structures to transport them previously mounted for a quick assembly by introduction of the crossbars.
  • Figure 34 shows examples of several chain structures of, in this particular case, six floats thereof of two different widths, which are linked to each other laterally by the longitudinal hinges of their longitudinal U-bars or rectangular frames in closed cycles, using to adopt the cyclic form, without being folded by its own weight, several kinds of central parts and elements of forming or baking around which the structural flotation units are firmly attached and adapted, such as at least a pair of cyclic polygonal frames fixed by transverse bars, of as many equal sides as floats, of the same length as their width respectively, with radii and a central ring (a), or as is the case of rings, rings or tubes of the appropriate diameter for forming (b), or adjustable radial racks that replace the edges of the fixed model (a) with shims that can be adjusted in dis tance with respect to the center and which hold the vertices or inner surfaces of the cyclic structure of floats, and can also include telescopic legs adjustable in length that move and fix on the radii of such
  • Figure 35 shows, in those cases in which the vehicle for transporting the floats and parts cannot access the area of final use due to the impracticability of the land, an approximate comparison of the efficiency of transport of floats by various methods using the own human strength: Carrying the pieces on shoulders, dragging them on the ground, or
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) forming and rolling closed cyclic structures.
  • Figure 36 shows the approximate phases of the procedure of laying, anchoring to the ground and rapid deployment by unrolling a temporary floating walkway, or at least the first fragment of its end on land, once the cyclical structure dragged rolling reaches the shore, stiffening the flexible structure finally by introducing crossbars inside the channel constituted by the aligned transverse grooves of all inline floats, and being able to extend the length of the floating walkway thus started by adding more structural flotation units one at a time. ), or by crimping the first chain fragment even without unwinding over the water with the following fragment of a second reel or coil dragged there by crimping its longitudinal hinges, being able to repeat the process several times (b).
  • Figure 37 shows several possible forms of folding and unfolding, complete or incomplete, of structures linked with longitudinal hinges that alternate floats that have a platform on each side of each float, in case (a) in which each platform is constituted by two equal U-longitudinal bars provided with longitudinal hinges, but with one such U-longitudinal bars screwed vertically upside down from the normal position to allow mutual folding of each pair of joined platforms, in case (b) in which each platform is constituted by rectangular frames with longitudinal hinges placed inverted also also, in the upper part on one side and in the lower part on the other, and in the case (c) in which there is the case (b) but with longitudinal bars U unequal.
  • Figure 38 shows mixed shaped and folded cyclic structures of, in this example, six floats, formed on a pair of central radial frames and which, instead of being mutually linked to each other with their longitudinal hinges, are with platform segments that they fold inwards, which allows, once the structure is deployed, multiply approximately and according to each case, by three or five times the length of the floating walkway with respect to the normal shaped structures.
  • Figure 39 shows the approximate stages of unwinding and unfolding of a mixed structure, arranged as a ferris wheel on a shore, of six floats formed on a pair of central radial frames and in turn alternated with platforms folded into the structure , it can be fully deployed once it has been unwound by pushing the folded platforms consecutively and introducing the stiffening crossings (a) below, and / or pulling from the other shore with cables or chains (b).
  • Figure 40 shows the approximate alternative operating process, suitable for relatively strong water current forces, by which a floating catwalk can be grown by unfolding / unrolling as a carpet, using the structure's own radial forming frame as ballast weighted piece of pedestation and stable hold at the bottom of the
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) growing end, using a cable that runs inside each of the channels constituted by the consecutive transverse grooves of the series of floats in the process of placement, which is automatically unrolled from a reel arranged in the structure itself, while the floats placed are secured with other procedures such as nailing or ballasting, being necessary to have a previous estimate of the depth of the water to be able to regulate the telescopic legs in each step.
  • Figure 41 shows a hypothetical procedure similar to the previous one, but in which the folded / shaped structure of floats and platform segments is transported by a powerful helicopter, which gradually unrolls and in a controlled way the floating gangway, by means of selective release mechanisms , braking and turning control of the structure, between one end fixed on one shore and the other, thus crossing a current that is too wide or impracticable by other means in a short time.
  • Figure 42 shows a shaped / folded structure, of alternating floats with folded platforms, in the form of a belt or caterpillar of greater capacity of floats, and therefore of a length of final flexible floating walkway than with other structures, in which once the end of the traction cable falls to the ground, the floats, running along a frame with a series of trays and horizontal guides, fall and unfold one by one by gravity, in a controlled way by means of a locking and unlocking mechanism that regulates its detachment and gradual fall.
  • the structure can also be folded in reverse in the air if the cable reel or reels have an electric motor to wind them up and drag the chain in the direction of folding, since when the floats reach their end stop in the trays and horizontal guides, the platforms are folded automatically.
  • Figure 43 shows the use of closed cyclic structures of three structural flotation units, or formed around central baking elements if they exceed this number, which can be used as floating containers of air-throwable supplies, and which in turn can , once collected and opened, be reused as boats or rafts.
  • Figure 44 shows cyclic structures, formed around polygonal frames of radial arms, composed of floats linked by angular joint elements with horizontal centrally centered hinge inserted transversely in their transverse grooves, and therefore without intercalated folded platforms (a), as well as an example of cyclic structures nested inside each other in the same polygonal radial frame (b), as well as an example of a mixed cyclic structure (c) of pairs of floats linked with centrally hinged joint elements, alternating with others with platforms folded internally and linked to each other by means of the longitudinal hinges of their longitudinal U-bars or rectangular frames.
  • Figure 45 shows flexible floating walkways composed of rigid stable elements of pairs of floats joined by crossbars (a) and connected by cables anchored to both sides, which allow an easy and fast laying and collection as a blind by means of guide and traction elements (b), or its assembly or disassembly element by element (c), both in linear and branched arrangements in the form of Y or X of arms not mutually perpendicular (d).
  • Figure 46 shows two models of floats with oblique transverse grooves not perpendicular to the float itself, for those cases in which a floating walkway or bridge must be built in a non-perpendicular direction with respect to water flow, having to replace the normal floats, perpendicular to the direction of the walkway, to avoid that they remain forming a certain angle with the direction of the current and causing resistance to the thrust of the water flow (a), for which the transverse grooves must be formed certain angle (b), either with a type of floats that have their transverse grooves forming certain standardized angles (c) in the same piece, or with another type in which interchangeable false pieces can be coupled, with tubular or shaped holes of U practiced at various standardized angles, on which the crossbars are inserted and coupled (d).
  • Figure 47 shows the elements (a) that allow the construction of straight sections of floating walkways whose floats can, all of them, pivot on a vertical axis a limited angle interval with respect to the runway itself to be automatically arranged in the direction of the water flow, whether it is changing by itself, or if the floats must rotate to stay parallel to it while the gangway, mounted on land, is swung from one end (b) or towed by the water, resting on at least two of these floats, one at each end, to place it in its correct final position.
  • Figure 48 shows the elements (a), (b) that allow the construction of straight sections of floating walkways that can be linked together in mutually articulated straight sections, which use supports with robust vertical axes on which symmetrical sets of two or one even number of floats can freely rotate a total of 360 ° with respect to the gangway itself to be automatically arranged in the direction of the water flow, whether it is changing by itself (c), or if the floats must turn to stay parallel to it while the walkway, mounted on land or on top of a previously constructed segment thereof, is pivoted from one end for mounting, or instead is towed by water to place it in its correct final position, conveniently supported on side floats in a stable arrangement.
  • Figure 49 shows examples of long floating walkways constructed by sections articulated with each other that use and are supported on supports with robust vertical axes
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) mounted on sets of structural flotation units with a free rotation capacity of 360 ° with respect to the direction of the gangway or floating bridge, by using several different elements and joining methods of these sections.
  • Figure 50 shows the scheme and foundation of cargo and / or passenger transfer rafts, attached to transverse transfer cables, constructed with oblique groove floats, so that when floats form a certain angle to the current, they constitute passive propulsion elements that take advantage of, without energy consumption, the transverse component of the thrust force of the current for transport to one side or the other, either in fixed double-raft assemblies in which the direction of movement is reversed by making the same with the entire boat (a), either with floats mounted on articulated frames of variable configurable angle that are stiffened at the right angle with oblique bars (b).
  • Figure 51 shows the scheme and foundation of capsule-shaped rafts (a) and tubular floating walkways (b) of rotary polygonal helmets, which allow the protection of passengers inside and their transfer, with a certain greater margin of protection and safety, from one side to the other of a stream of water of a thrust force and the turbulence superior to that which boats and floating floating gangways could withstand with sufficient stability and safety.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) and branched), elements of flotation, elements of constitution of the main platform of the structure, intermediate elements for anchoring and strengthening of the floating structure, elements for lateral rotational linking of structural units of flotation in flexible chains, elements for obtaining of cyclic structures with floats and / or platform sections formed, rolled up and / or folded, elements for the construction and folding or unfolding of gangways or floating bridges with rotating floats (individually or in symmetrical assemblies) according to vertical axes, ending with elements for the construction of oblique float rafts and rotary peripheral regular polygonal hull structures for use in water streams of extreme drag force.
  • FIG. 1 The main structural elements of departure and their form of mutual coupling can be seen in Figure 1. They consist, first of all, of at least one pair of crossbars (1) preferably made of corrosion-resistant metal or alloy and of square section or rectangular, which are of the same unspecified length but which can be chosen, and which is sufficient to join, in most cases, at least two parallel floats (2) arranged longitudinally in mutual or very close contact (only one is shown in the figure for clarity), which are in turn preferably made of rotomoulded plastic or fiberglass reinforced polyester to achieve good resistance against shocks and abrasion, and are equal to each other and symmetrical with respect to a plane of its own vertical longitudinal symmetry.
  • crossbars preferably made of corrosion-resistant metal or alloy and of square section or rectangular, which are of the same unspecified length but which can be chosen, and which is sufficient to join, in most cases, at least two parallel floats (2) arranged longitudinally in mutual or very close contact (only one is shown in the figure for clarity), which are in turn preferably made of
  • the assembly is completed with one or two U-shaped longitudinal bars (3) for each float (2), preferably of corrosion-resistant metal or alloy and with a square or rectangular section.
  • the floats (2) have all of them in their upper part, at least five grooves or transverse holes (preferably grooves) that pass through them.
  • At least two of such transverse grooves (4) which are located in the central part of each float (2), serve for the coupling and firm screwing of the crossbars (1), therefore having the same cross section as these, while that two other different transverse grooves (5) serve for the coupling and screwing of the transverse ends of said U-shaped longitudinal bars (3), also having respectively the same cross section as their ends, with the characteristic that between two transverse grooves (5) are the at least two transverse grooves (4), whereby at least two crossbars (1) are always disposed between the two transverse ends of the longitudinal U-bars (3).
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) preferably a thickness less than that of the crossbars (1) and / or they may have a bend at or near their transverse ends, which gives them at their corners greater resistance to bending in the vertical direction by bumps or placing excessive weights.
  • all transverse ends can be inserted into transverse grooves (5) of the floats (2), even if they are in a lower horizontal plane, distributing and dispersing the weight and loads that can be placed on the platform simultaneously between crossbars (1) and floats (2).
  • a last transverse groove (6) is near the bow of the floats (2) and serves to place a third crossbar (1) or optional bar, preferably of the same cross section, with which to increase the rigidity of the structure or place accessories at the bow for various practical applications.
  • This triple union between the three types of main parts achieves a greater structural resistance than in the case of having only the usual union between crossbars (1) and floats (2), in addition to the tensions being supported and distributed among more screws, and It allows greater versatility in the assembly, disassembly and conversion of the floating structures achieved, since removing two of these kinds of screws, threaded rods or pins allows the release and relative displacement of one of the three types of structural parts with respect to to the set of the other two, which remains connected by the third set of screws.
  • Each float (2) together with one, or more frequently, two longitudinal U-bars (3) screwed on it by means of the U-longitudinal float-bar connecting bolts (9), constitutes an independent structural or modular floating unit which can be attached to other equals or similar by means of the crossbars (1), which act as a connecting element for the transverse stiffness of the constructed floating structure, as well as move along them to change their transverse position without detaching them.
  • the crossbars (1) which act as a connecting element for the transverse stiffness of the constructed floating structure, as well as move along them to change their transverse position without detaching them.
  • the bar or longitudinal U-bars (3) of the same can be placed and screwed from above, by clamping between the crossbars (1) a strongly vented the three types of cross-float joint screws (7) , crossbars-longitudinal U-bars (8) and floats-longitudinal U-bars (9).
  • Such elements can also be removed by the reverse process, to reduce the number of floats (2) attached to the crossbars (1) and / or redistribute them transversely afterwards if necessary.
  • the bottom-up interleaving procedure can be faster and more adequate to complete, with the maximum number of flotation groups, boats or small rafts, both mounting the crossbars (1) on the floats (2)
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) previously arranged on the ground, to then add the longitudinal U-bars (3), as to complete the gaps of small float vessels (2) separated from each other with additional structural flotation units by intercalating them, without unscrewing and move those that are already fixed in the structure, lifting or turning the structure slightly to allow intercalation.
  • the other lateral insertion procedure is more suitable for the construction of large structures, since it is not necessary to lift them completely, but to slightly lean them, to slide the structural flotation units to their final positions, and compacting the series if necessary.
  • small compacted and pre-assembled vessels can be arranged, such as catamarans or trimarans with their floats (2) in mutual or close contact displaced towards the center of the crossbars (1) , for its rapid decompaction by transverse sliding towards the ends and fast anchorage, allowing a quick start-up after placing in the water, or a rapid extension of them.
  • the longitudinal U-bars (3) have the characteristic that, once screwed to the floats (2), the transverse ends of each of them reach the central vertical longitudinal symmetry plane of their corresponding float (2) to which It is attached, so that in structures with more than two floats (2), at least those that are interior and do not remain on the sides of the mounted structure have, screwed on them, two longitudinal U-bars (3) arranged symmetrically on both sides of its central vertical longitudinal symmetry plane, and whose transverse ends touch each other, reinforcing the assembly by constituting, between both, a rectangular frame or frame that provides greater rigidity to the structures of more than two floats (2).
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) separated, making the expansion and reduction of the structure not by loose pieces but by grouped modular assemblies thereof.
  • each structural flotation unit that is added or removed can have modular accessories attached on top, which can be added and removed at the same time and next to the floats (2) and the platform fragment consisting of the longitudinal U-bars. (3) if desired, giving facilities for the coordinated assembly of many floating structures through chain teamwork, allowing considerable time savings.
  • the floats (2) have, optionally, a fifth transverse groove (6) made in the upper part of the, according to their preferred orientation, prow of the floats (2).
  • a sliding cover or cover (10) which is placed and removed according to the longitudinal direction and that uses for its displacement longitudinal guides (11) practiced or placed in the upper part of the bow of such floats (2), can be fixed with at least one or two float fixing screws - sliding covers (12), so that such transverse groove (6) is covered or uncovered at the user's discretion with great ease, in order to block or release different elements of the boat that could be coupled on it, or simultaneously in several of them aligned transversely in series.
  • such a transverse groove (6) allows to accommodate and enclose the crankshaft bearings and turning elements (or series of mutually laterally attachable crankshafts) that the pedals and paddle wheels are attached to the propulsion, while here it allows to place multiple and different professional accessories.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) least possible number of floats (2), so that the arrangement chosen was the one that provided more stability to the boat, placing the passenger or cargo between and above each pair of adjacent floats (2), leaving a gap between them and the structural rigidity of the assembly being completed by additional intermediate elements, such as passenger seats, which were anchored or screwed between each two internal U-longitudinal bars (3) relative to each pair of adjacent floats (2).
  • each float (2) and its longitudinal U-bar (s) (3) can slide across each other along the crossbars (1) until they touch, without necessarily the presence of other rigid elements placed or interspersed between them, the structure being able to be reinforced by mutual lateral contact between the different longitudinal U-bars (3), in addition to the fact that passengers and cargo do not necessarily have to be placed between each pair of longitudinal U-bars (3) of adjacent structural flotation units, but in any position on the platform constituted they are ported.
  • the main improvement of the invention is applied to the crossbars (1), and it is intended to facilitate the maximum modular and homologated assembly of very diverse structures and of a great variety of sizes from repeated equal pieces, even if they are of different origins or owners.
  • the crossings (1) are always presented in a number of at least two and are modular and interchangeable, in the case of hollow tubes, preferably square or rectangular section, made of a metal or stainless alloy and of great resistance mechanical and corrosion, all of them of the same cross section coinciding with that of the transverse grooves (4) of the floats (2) to fit them perfectly without gaps.
  • the improvement consists in that the crosspieces (1) are preferably presented in different lengths to be chosen which are always a positive integer multiple of the value of the maximum width of each of the structural flotation units, that is, of the transverse distance measured perpendicularly between the parallel outer edges of the two longitudinal U-bars (3) once joined and coupled on each float (2).
  • This integer multiple can vary between one (to accommodate a single structural unit of a single float (2)
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) and two longitudinal U-bars (3), coinciding exactly and coinciding with their width), and any number, with a limit value determined by the size, manageability and strength of both the structures that could be mounted with them, and of the crossbars themselves (1).
  • Such an integer shall be that of "segments”, “units”, “widths” or “bodies” (hereinafter segments) of structural flotation units that may hold, at most, the aforementioned crossbars (1), and that It is therefore equivalent to the maximum number of floats (2) that it admits, placed together in a compacted series without gaps or vacancies between them.
  • Each segment of the crossbar (1) may therefore be attached to a structural flotation unit with a float (2) or be free without it as appropriate, and one of them may be added later in that hole by the aforementioned methods of lateral insertion or interleaving the two pieces from above and from below.
  • Each of the segments of the crossbar (1) is completely crossed vertically by two different groups of holes that allow, respectively, the housing of the cross-float connecting screws (7) and of the crossbar-longitudinal connecting rod screws in U (8) of the structural flotation unit that can be coupled on said segment of the cross member (1).
  • Each of these two sets of holes is drilled in each and every segment of the crossbar (1) symmetrically on both sides with respect to the plane of vertical transverse symmetry that passes through the center of said segment and that is parallel to the central vertical longitudinal symmetry plane of each float (2), in the arrangement and orientation of mutually perpendicular mounting and coupling of crossbars (1) and floats (2).
  • the cross-float joint screws (7) tighten the cross-members (1) to the floats
  • the floats (2) must necessarily have just or slightly less width than the two longitudinal U-bars (3) mounted, so that they are the ones that touch each other and achieve the rigidity of the structure, since otherwise the floats (2) would touch each other, rubbing
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) and stressing each other unacceptably, and preventing agreement in the vertical direction of the different groups of holes for connecting screws between the different parts and between the different segments of the crossbars (1).
  • the second improvement consists in the addition of inner crossings (13), which can be solid or preferably hollow, with exactly the same characteristics as the crossings (1), but with the distinction of having an outer section of such shape and dimensions. which can be introduced tightly inside the inner tubular hollow of the crossbars (1), as well as move along their entire length without gaps, and fixed to them or together with them, for which they also occur in lengths of a number integer segments and have the same sets of holes in the same standardized positions to be traversed by the groups of cross-float connecting screws (7) and crossbars-longitudinal U-bars (8) in the same coincident positions.
  • the fifth transverse groove (6) of the floats (2) and its upper sliding cover (10) allow to accommodate and block an additional longitudinal bar, which can be perfectly a third crossbar (1) housed in the bow part (according to the orientation preference of the floats (2)) of the boat, being necessary in this case that the transverse groove (6) is of the same section as that of the transverse grooves (4). Not being placed below the frame consisting of the longitudinal U-bars (3), its access, opening and closing is easy and immediate thanks to the upper sliding cover (10).
  • This third crossbar (1) allows to increase, optionally, the strength of the structure and expand the surface of the platform, in addition to the latter helping to hold the assembly together during the change of the crossbars (1) by others of different length.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the enormous number of possible combinations for the assembly of different floating structures in the example of having ten structural flotation units together with enough crossbars (1) (between two and six) of all possible lengths between two and twenty segments. Even so, the possible subsequent joints of these structures in larger ones are not shown by internal crossbars (13).
  • the front bar or crossbar (1) placed in the transverse grooves (6) of the bow may, as an additional utility, and as seen in Figure 8, include one or more tow hooks (14) that are attached or are join the crossbars (1), for example, as terminal or intermediate parts that are fixed with pins, so that the boat, raft or floating gangway is towed from a self-propelled boat or dragged from the ground, so that the traction force is It transmits and distributes all floats (2) equally, without concentrating on a single point or section.
  • the structure can also be suspended vertically with ease from a helicopter, crane, winch or similar for air transport, or horizontally if two or more crossbars (1) are used to accommodate several parallel suspension cables. Another possible use is to allow the coupling of an outboard motor on said bar, although with this model of floats (2) they must be inverted
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) longitudinally so that it is possible to place it backwards.
  • Some terminal coupling pieces that can be introduced and coupled laterally to the crossbars (1) are parts for the passage of cables (15). These are short pieces of the same outer cross-section as the inner section of the crossbars (1) or of the internal crossbars (13), so that they can be introduced without gaps through their tubular longitudinal holes and placed inside them in intermediate or terminal positions , and which have one or several parallel longitudinal holes that cross them completely, from side to side, parallel to the central axis of symmetry of the crossbars (1) or internal crossbars (13), but in positions such as if the longitudinal holes of all the equal cable passage pieces (15), placed in terminal or intermediate positions, are arranged in a coincident and coaxial manner, it is possible to pass through all of them one or several parallel cables or ropes of great tensile strength (or even a chain), so that they pass without tripping or rubbing against the screws or threaded rods inside the crossbars (1) that hold the structure together floating, protecting their threads against friction with the steel cable or rope against the threads.
  • crossbars (1) can be used without these elements, their use greatly facilitates the relative transverse sliding of the cables once firmly secured, without gaps, trips, jumps or rubbing, increasing the safety of operations. That, together with the possibility of lubrication and that the holes can be rounded with smooth shapes without sharp edges, make these parts suitable for operations in which a boat or raft must move perpendicularly to a strong water current between both shores, using a cable or several for its support and / or traction that has its fixed ends on posts, trees or elements of the environment, as shown in Figure 8.
  • the cable or rope must cross the boat transversely in an area near the bow, hence it is appropriate to place the cable passage pieces (15) in the transverse groove (6), although if necessary they can be placed more in other crossings (one ). Since the main cable does not run along pulleys, it can be thicker and tensile and less flexible than normal (for example a steel braided cable), increasing safety during this type of operation. They also allow a completely assembled and heavy structure to be transferred through a ravine, hanging from the cable, with the help of traction pulleys.
  • FIG. 9 Another terminal piece, specially designed to be easily placed on the transverse grooves (6) and locked with the help of the sliding covers (10), can be seen in Figure 9. It is a piece for the installation of tilting accessories (16 ) front, of the same outer cross section as that of the transverse grooves (4) and (6), and at least and preferably a length segment, with the characteristic that it is crossed in the direction of its main axis, either completely or coaxially just
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) by its ends, and avoiding the longitudinal positions of the cross-float connecting screws (7), by one or two cylindrical holes on the one or those that can be coupled and rotated different elements and easily removable pivoting or pivoting accessories, which use one or several transverse coaxial cylindrical bars housed in this hole or in the whole series of holes of all the aligned parts of the float series (2), once all of them are placed and immobilized by placing their respective sliding covers (10).
  • An example of application is the case of removable walkways placed at the bow (and / or stern) that can be lowered and raised, suitable for building, for example, small temporary ferries as rafts for very frequent crossing of flooded sections in lacking areas of more stable infrastructure.
  • boats or rafts also allow two or more boats or rafts to be linked consecutively in the direction of the floats (2), joining them in a flexible chain for towing by a single boat, or for the construction of a folding and removable floating gangway articulated in equal sections, or a segment thereof, joining the different rafts by means of intermediate gangway elements that pivot on the axes constituted by such tilting accessories installation parts (16).
  • such pieces can be manufactured with a piece of crossbar (1), of one or several segments in length, finished in two ends with fixed end pieces on which the holes to be coaxially positioned to obtain the axis of rotation are drilled , or in a single piece of the appropriate dimensions, for example made of hard plastic to prevent corrosion, with the hole drilled thereon in the appropriate direction.
  • An additional group of terminal parts facilitates the transport and dragging of ground-mounted structures through different types of terrain, such as simple handles (17) for one hand, for example molded in plastic, each introduced into an open end of the crossbars (1), or instead a bar (18), optionally padded, that bridges at least two of the crossbars (1) of the floating structure, contributing to reinforce it and allowing more People can grab it simultaneously.
  • These two can easily be replaced by self-constructed elements, such as bent pieces of wire or rope, but not more elaborate ones, such as side frames provided with wheels (19), to drag the floor-mounted structure if it has a large size or weight, or as semi-permanent support thereof, or provided with skates (20), to carry it through frozen, muddy, sandy terrain, or any other that makes the wheels inoperative.
  • All these gripping and transport elements can be attached to the crossbars (1) using simple pins that are easily inserted and removed in small holes made simultaneously at the ends of the crossbars (1) and at the ends of such parts that are introduced inside them, serving perfectly the holes of the crossbar-crossbar U-connecting bolts (8).
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) the free ends of the crossbars (1) can be seen in Figure 11.
  • the piece consists of an inner crossbar (13), preferably a segment, which ends at an outstanding outer end of greater section and with a shape that allows it to perfectly fit and tighten into the interior of the floating structure, as a wedge padded, on an area of the outer surface of the float (2) on which it is mounted.
  • the two terminal gagged pieces of the opposite floats (21) of each crossbar (1) once bolted to it, muzzle the entire series of floats (2), preventing them from opening or separating from each other by the movement of advance on water.
  • Another terminal coupling piece is a penetration and centering piece of crossbars (22) on the transverse grooves (4) and (6) of the floats (2). It is a piece made of hard plastic or metal and finished in conical or pyramidal tip, which is coupled and screwed on the free end of the crossbars (1), and greatly facilitates the operations of centering and introducing them along all the transverse grooves (4) or (6) of a package or stack of a large number of structural flotation units arranged in an aligned manner for rapid placement of such crosspieces (1), operation after which the whole assembly or selected parts thereof, and whether the operation moves the crossbars (1) or the other way around.
  • the last one is an end piece for anchoring to the ground or the bottom (23), which allows the fixing of the floating structures to the ground of the shore or to the bottom of the extension or stream of water by means of vertical posts or pickets firmly nailed in the vertical direction (or slightly inclined to better oppose the drag force of the current) if the ground is soft and shallow, or otherwise for the binding of heavy ballasts, hooks or anchors.
  • It is a crossbar (1) or inner crossbar (13), preferably a segment, which at one of its ends is prolonged or has a greasing with a vertical hole or horizontal ring of large internal diameter, inside which You can insert the pole, bar or pickaxe for its vertical nailing, getting immobilize the floating structure in the horizontal plane.
  • this hole is of a section or diameter larger than that of the post or strut so that it does not rub against it, it allows the vertical displacement of the floating structure to freely follow the vertical oscillations of the water. It is necessary that there be a certain number of these pieces to cooperate in an efficient anchoring of the floating structure, the more so the greater the drag force.
  • a modification of this last piece is an intermediate piece of linear union
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) and bottom anchoring (24), consisting of two aligned and coaxial traverse (1) and / or internal traverse (13) fragments, not necessarily equal or symmetrical, flanking the central part containing the vertical insertion hole of the nailing strut vertical or inclined to the bottom, and it serves simultaneously for the union of two floating structures as do the internal crossbars (13), at the same time as to contribute to the immobilization of the same in the horizontal plane as do the terminal pieces anchoring to the ground or bottom (23), only in intermediate non-terminal positions.
  • the two-piece crosspieces (25) and the two-piece crossbars (26) are characterized by also having standardized lengths of an integer number of segments, and sets of holes coinciding in diameters and positions standardized with those of the crosspieces (1) and interior crossbars (13).
  • such two-piece crosspieces (25) and two-piece inner crossbars (26) may have an embodiment in which one of its two nestable halves
  • ⁇ is introduced into the other by a relative rotation of both, the two being linked laterally by a hinge or a series of coaxial hinges attached on the outside of and arranged in a direction parallel to the main axis of the two halves.
  • the hinge or longitudinal hinges are joined to and separating the two nestable halves whose U-shaped cross sections are asymmetrical, with one of the shorter arms
  • Such pieces can be seen in Figure 13.
  • the fixed angular joint pieces (27) are simply two crossbars (1), or two
  • the two arms of the piece have
  • the fixed angular joint pieces (27) may optionally have at least one wide angle, at least in the case of very wide angles, which bind their two arms obliquely, which It can be fixed by means of pins that are placed through simultaneous holes made on both arms of the fixed angular joint piece (27) and others belonging to a row of holes drilled along the length of each of the braces adjustable reinforcement (28).
  • An example is for lateral and efficient load securing that can be dropped, released or detached from the sides, since they allow a robust U-V-shaped box, basket or cage to be mounted, capable of containing stacks on top of the platform longitudinally elongated objects such as posts or logs, or for construction, with lateral vertical panels screwed on the vertical arms of such pieces, of a box for the transport of non-cohesive solids such as earth or rocks, or in sliding fragments such as sacks .
  • the pieces of variable angular union (29) and (30) are similar to the previous ones, also constituted by two crossbars (1) or two internal crossbars (13), or one of each, preferably a single segment each, but replacing its rigid central joint by a rotating horizontal joint or central horizontal hinge with respect to the main direction of the crossbars (1) of the floating structure, which allows the structures linked to both sides by such pieces to have a certain mutual rotational freedom according to a vertical plane transverse to the direction of the floats (2).
  • the pieces of variable angular union with centered hinge (29)
  • the horizontal horizontal central hinge is centered vertically with respect to the two articulated arms, which allows them to freely adopt symmetrical angles in both directions of rotation, above and below the plane of alignment of both or the platform of the floating structure, as considered.
  • These pieces allow to obtain long and flexible floating structures constituted by short rigid sections slightly articulated with each other, which adapt to the waves, water movements and weight that circulates above them much better than the completely rigid ones.
  • the pieces of variable angular union with offset hinge (30) have the hinge displaced from the center and placed between two adjacent edges of the two facing sections facing each other and in mutual contact of two crossbars (1) or internal crossbars
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) (13) when both are aligned, with this arrangement being able to adopt any angle between 0 ° and approximately 180 °, so that although they turn towards only one of the sides they achieve greater angles than the pieces of variable angular union with centered hinge ( 29). Although these pieces are less resistant, they can replace and be more versatile than the fixed angular joint pieces (27) by achieving with any one of them any angle between those two limits without the need to carry a whole collection of the others, and due to which they can also use the wedges and braces or reinforcement plates (28) to fix any angle instead of one of fixed standardized values.
  • tilting or folding side structures such as walkways, ladders or panels
  • tilting or folding side structures such as walkways, ladders or panels
  • some elements in the form of a ladder section (31), consisting of two crossbars (1) or internal crossbars (13) of equal length, connected transversely by bars or plates, optionally inclined by way of steps, are suitable same length as the separation distance of the pair of crossbars (1) from the floating structure on which it must fit, and which can be foldably and foldably linked to these by these previously exposed elements, which also allow to adapt to the surrounding terrain and banks that are at a different level from the main platform of the flotation structure, as well as adapting and compensating without problems the vertical movements of the float due to the tide or swell while it is fixed to the dock or dock.
  • a still more closed structure can be constructed, so that the lateral protection floats (2) that protrude from the water, or instead of attachable pneumatic elements, form a U-shaped vessel with its long ends bent upwards and optionally towards inside, offering great protection on the sides to load and / or passengers, except the upper opening that remains. Also completely closed provisions are possible that are indifferent to the dump of the boat, rather than for passenger boats for rafts or floating cages for the transport and protection of cargo or scientific instrumentation that must be abandoned to the
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) drift or to the current of a raging river, or towed from a ship at a certain distance, that can be built with a variable size, dimensions and load capacity.
  • a cross tube (1) of the perimeter length of the cyclic polygonal frame (32) to be constructed bends certain angles at the exact previously calculated positions of the vertices, welding the two end ends in a closed cyclic structure, or diagonal cuts are made in the tube itself in the positions and with the exact, complete or incomplete inclinations, bending and / or welding the assembly in the desired final shape, ending with the drilling of the holes for the assemblies of the cross-linking screws -flotters (7) and crossbars-longitudinal U-bars (8) in the precise positions of the edges.
  • cyclic polygonal frames (32) With at least two of these cyclic polygonal frames (32) being equal, it is possible to mount a floating structure with floats (2) placed in an approximately radial peripheral arrangement (more correctly in the direction of the apothems of the polygon), with respect to the axis of central longitudinal symmetry of the floating structure to be constructed, so that they leave a prismatic tubular longitudinal opening in which to place the load and secure and immobilize it by means of the appropriate anchoring and protection elements, such as oblique braces or metal plate panels or padded elements of cushioning that can be screwed.
  • anchoring and protection elements such as oblique braces or metal plate panels or padded elements of cushioning that can be screwed.
  • Each of the sides of the cyclic polygonal frames (32) has a length of an integer number of segments to allow the coupling of a maximum of as many structural flotation units, plus two small additional lateral distances added at each of the two ends lateral, to leave enough additional space at each vertex so that the two structural flotation units of each corner touch and rest at an angle on their two longitudinal U-bars (3).
  • Each side of the cyclic polygonal frame (32) has its corresponding sets of holes made in the direction perpendicular to it contained or parallel to the plane of the cyclic polygonal frame itself (32), according to the usual standardized positions to allow the use of the screw assemblies of union floats-crossbars (7) and crossbars-longitudinal U-bars (8) normal.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) floating docks or temporary swamps) by using horizontal joining pieces in T and X, as well as constructing vertical structures to, for example, obtain a second platform elevated above the main one in the floating structure, or a vertical frame or several of them, provided with oblique braces, to construct a floating scaffold or a three-dimensional framework of a very long section of the gangway or floating bridge of the necessary stiffness against torsion and vertical flexion that the pieces described above cannot provide.
  • Such pieces consist of at least three crossbars (1) and / or internal crossbars (13), in most cases preferably a length segment, all of them joined together by one of its ends and with at least two of they aligned coaxially following at least one of the three main perpendicular directions of space, so that according to the number of crossbars (1) or (13) that project radially from the central common vertex, T-junction pieces (34) can be obtained, (35), (45), (46), (55), (56), X joining pieces (36), (37), (47), (48), (57), (58), pieces of union in vertex or corner (38), (39), (49), (50), pieces of union in edge (40), (41), (51), (52), (59), (60) , edge and pedestation joint pieces (42), (53), (61), (62), and finally central orthogonal joint pieces (43), (54), (63), (64).
  • Such pieces are visually understood immediately in Figure 15, with the help of which we will discuss in detail three possible and mutual
  • FIG 15a an embodiment A of all these pieces can be observed, consisting of mutually orthogonal arms of outer crossbars (1) preferably of a segment each, which are radially attached or welded to a central supplement or grease in the piece of approximately cubic shape, or that can be inscribed inside a cube that has, preferably, the same edge length as the width of the outer crossbars (1), and also, with an optional vertical central hole (in those pieces in which the vertical direction is not occupied) for the introduction of a strut or picket for nailing to the floor of the floating structure at one of the branching points, or in its horizontal place to be used for anchoring, tying or other similar uses.
  • a series of welded reinforcing metal braces can be presented optionally between the arms that are mutually orthogonal to each other, which if they are presented with holes of sufficient diameter to allow the passage of pins or
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) thick bolts, allow the fixing of braces or diagonal struts between two of these pieces mounted contiguously on the structure in the same vertical or horizontal plane.
  • Figure 15a it can be seen that there may be two possible versions of the T-pieces, for the construction of horizontal (34) or vertical (35) branched structures, as well as the X-pieces, also for the construction of horizontal (36) or vertical (37) branched structures.
  • Both vertical pieces in T (35) and in X (37) can also be presented, in the particular case that the crossbars (1) have a non-square rectangular section, in two versions, each with the arm or arms which follow the vertical direction z according to the two orthogonal orientations x and y.
  • the two possible edge pieces (40) and (41) differ in this same characteristic.
  • identical considerations are taken for these three kinds of parts.
  • an embodiment B can be seen in which the main difference with respect to the embodiment A is that all the arms are made with internal cross members (13) of preferably a segment (in this example), by what all the arms of all these pieces can only be coupled inside as many different ends of different crossbars (1) or belonging to other pieces of different linear, angular or branched union.
  • internal cross members (13) preferably a segment (in this example)
  • the other considerations are completely similar to those of embodiment A.
  • the central cubic piece cuts and divides each of the three main directions into two parts, so that on all these pieces only fit terminal ends of outer crossbars (1) or inner crossbars (13).
  • the central cubic supplement thereof does not exist, because two of the arms located in the same direction, generally one of the two main directions of the horizontal plane, are consecutive and are constituted by the same outer crossbar (1) of, in this example, two segments, which is interposed in the middle of the other or of the two other directions perpendicular to it, having to be, therefore, those other welded arms perpendicular to the first according to such main directions.
  • one of the main directions can accommodate inside the middle part of an inner crossbar (13) instead of one of its ends, whereby in such parts greater structural strength is obtained in a preferred direction than with the other embodiments, with a lower comparative weight.
  • they can also include metal reinforcement plates or braces as embodiment A to allow diagonal joints.
  • Embodiments A and B and B and C are completely compatible with each other,
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) while it is possible to combine pieces of the three, as long as care is taken to match the same type of pieces A or C in specific positions of the structure, which must be matched in terms of their positions.
  • This set of elements are added pieces of vertical coupling in inverted T (33), (33 '), (44), (44'), consisting of a horizontal plate with vertical holes practiced coinciding with the positions of the assemblies of floating-cross-linking screws (7) on which there is welded vertically, according to one of the two possible orthogonal orientations, an outer or inner cross member (1) respectively, preferably of a length segment.
  • Such vertical inverted T-coupling pieces (33), (33 '), (44), (44'), allow to assemble and disassemble, with the help of outer crossbars (1) or inner crossbars (13) in which it fits , vertical structures such as raised secondary platforms on the main floating structure without the need to disassemble it, since they are coupled and screwed directly on the main crossings (1) of the same, without being inserted or intercalated in the same line and therefore No need to disassemble them.
  • the distance between the faces facing the two (or each adjacent pair) of crossbars (1) of the same floating structure that is, the horizontal distance of separation of their axes of symmetry minus their width also measured in the same horizontal direction, must be an integer of segments to be able to use crossbars (1) or internal crossbars (13) of the standardized lengths of an integer number of segments in the branches perpendicular to the direction of the crossbars (1) of the main or starting floating structure, and therefore according to the direction of the floats (2).
  • the second group of improvements and new parts refers to the flotation elements.
  • Each of the floats (2) preferably has a flat horizontal upper surface, only interrupted by the transverse grooves (4), (5) and (6), while its bow, stern and bottom are smoothly rounded, without edges or protruding points, to avoid harming people in the water they are trying to rescue during the approach maneuver.
  • the bottom of the floats (2) is flat, slightly convex or finished in a slightly very prominent keel, to allow a smooth sliding of the boat on the surface of the water and make it more resistant to shocks and abrasion against submerged objects or against the ground during transport or assembly, without a prominent keel that can break, deteriorate or run aground with underwater objects.
  • the floats (2) must be carefully designed and calculated with a shape, dimensions and proportions such that their use is possible for the indistinct construction of floating, self-propelled, anchoring or towable structures of between two and a large number of them, both if they are in mutual contact as separate.
  • the exact shape of its surfaces must be perfectly calculated so that in all possible structures the displacement in the water, or of the water in relation to the anchored structure, is easy and that flows, swirls or retained layers of water do not form that tend to Increase the resistance to the advance and reduce the maneuverability, decreasing its effectiveness as a boat or as a floating bridge as appropriate.
  • the dimensions, proportions, thicknesses, weights, materials and hydrodynamic shapes of the pieces will be constant in some cases (for example the appropriate constant value of the width of a segment or the cross-section of the crossbars ( 1)), and in others they will be bounded between optimized and adequate limit values for each type of specific specialized tasks, outside of which the pieces drastically decrease their practicality or effectiveness (for example
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) the dimensions of the floats).
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) the dimensions of the floats).
  • the floats of a set of parts for the construction of boats and floating structures for rapid response to aquatic emergencies can have approximately an optimum length of between three and four meters and a constant value of width of a segment, to calculate and determine with exactitude, between fifty centimeters and a meter, being reasonably transportable but at the same time being able to build with them a large number of boats and floating structures by hand.
  • this size would be very impractical for the construction of boats and barges for river cargo transport, and its dimensions should be increased to be practical and cost-effective, for example increasing its length to ten meters, even if cranes, forklifts have to be used or trucks for handling and transport.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) (twenty-one ).
  • a single-ended, single-ended float is better, manufactured with greater width and / or length, specially manufactured for it, but which can also be used for other uses along with the rest of the pieces.
  • excessive heterogeneity in terms of length and draft of their floats is also not advantageous for the stability of the structure.
  • the variation of the width is usually more convenient, practical and necessary than the variation of the length and draft, although there may also be when interested in float models of different lengths and / or drafts for Concrete applications that cannot be easily obtained with normal floats.
  • the first and main improvement to be applied to the floats (2) is that they can be manufactured in widths that are, like the crossbars (1), a positive integer multiple of the length of a segment, chosen as constant unit for the field of application in question, with the positions of the hole assemblies (more correctly of the female threaded metal matrices embedded in the float body (2)) for the cross-float union screws (7 ), and optionally for the U-longitudinal crossbar-connecting bolts (8) that remain above the float itself (2), repeated transversely as many times as width segments the float has (2) and arranged symmetrically with respect to to the central vertical longitudinal symmetry plane thereof.
  • floats (2) of two, three, four, or more segments if they were manufactured allow the construction of large floating structures or that must withstand large weights in less time and with less screwing operations, at the expense of greater difficulty and number of operators for transport and assembly by the largest size and weight.
  • these wider floats (2) can be used for the construction of boats of a single (or very few) floats (2), of greater width and resistance than those constituted by many of them, with which to try to reach higher speeds .
  • a second improvement is included, which consists in the fact that some of them can be manufactured as open (67) or hollow floats, with an outer shape equal to that of the floats (2), but with one or several upper openings that give access to one or more interior compartments (68), making the floats open (67) totally or partially hollow.
  • Such upper openings and compartments (68) are preferably arranged inside the perimeter constituted by the two longitudinal U-bars (3), being able to be provided with covers or covers (69) for closing them, with their corresponding closures and locks.
  • a comparison of the floats (2) and (67), and of some of the improved float models, between one and three segments wide, can be seen in Figure 16.
  • These compartments (68) can be filled with ballast , with which to keep the center
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) of gravity of the boat as low as possible increasing its stability, or use them to store tools or accessories easily accessible, or also to place a heavy load of heavy weight, which is thus confined in a small space that limits its displacements as a consequence of the movements of the boat, instead of having it at the level of the deck or main platform, where it can be released and dropped, or unbalance the boat.
  • the closed bow and stern sections may have closed sealed compartments or be filled with unsinkable polystyrene foam, in order to maintain the unsinkableness of the float (67) as in the case of the floats (2).
  • the longitudinal segments of the longitudinal U-bars (3) that are located above the upper surface of the float (2) or (67) can contribute with several internal U-longitudinal crossbar screws (8) to reinforce the structure, simultaneously joining them too.
  • Another improvement that translates into new additional flotation elements for the collection of parts refers to modified versions (71), (72) and (73) of the floats (2), and (74), (75) and (76) of the open floats (67), respectively, which are all characterized by being longer due to the presence of a prolonged stern containing, in the same way as the bow, an additional rear transverse groove (77), also with their corresponding holes for an additional set of cross-float connecting screws (7), and longitudinal guides and transverse stop (78), and additional sliding covers (79), all in order to attach elements and accessories also aft, such as an outboard motor or several of them synchronized in parallel, or simply to expand the structure platform
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) floating with crossbars (1) placed simultaneously moved forward and aft. These six versions differ from each other in whether the bow and stern are the same and symmetrical or different.
  • the floats (71) and (74), (closed and open, respectively), have a pointed end and the other is more blunt, rounded or even completely straight, being possible to choose, depending on the job to be done , one of the two as bow, having two possible orientations of the float (71) or (74).
  • the last pair can be used to obtain multihull vessels in continuous forms by means of several of them attached next to each other back and forth.
  • Figure 17 illustrates more clearly the practical advantage of floats with uneven bow and stern to choose the best of the two orientation options.
  • a compacted multi-float hull boat is observed that carries little weight and glides smoothly over the surface of the water, being able to reach a high speed. If the boat carries a lot of weight instead, as in the case (c), the multi-float hull sinks deeper into the water, thereby forming pockets of retained flow between the tips of the adjacent bows, which in the previous case they did not submerge, thus hindering the movement of the vessel.
  • the floats (2) and (67) are the shortest and lightest, very suitable for small, fast and maneuverable vessels with low load capacity.
  • the long reversible floats (71) and (74) are longer and heavier, but allow greater versatility and load carrying capacity, and the assembly of vessels that can reach more speed even with greater weight. The rest have more specialized applications.
  • the long symmetrical floats (72) and (75), whose ends are finished in equal points, serve for particular cases of multihull vessels whose parallel flotation elements are separated (catamarans, trimaran or similar) without a preferred bow and stern.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) For example, a ferry that stays attached to a transverse cable to a current or extension of water, so that when it moves in one direction, it serves as a bow, and when it is reversed it does the opposite part, by what interests that both ends end in tip, independently of the direction and load to transport.
  • Figure 18 illustrates two examples in which symmetrical long floats (73) and (76) finished at straight or blunt ends would be useful.
  • Case (a) is a long raft or barge in which the floats (73) or (76) are arranged perpendicular to the normal direction, that is, perpendicularly with respect to the direction of progress of the vessel, with the crossbars (1) and terminal parts of gagged floats (21) arranged in this same direction.
  • the port side and starboard indifferent, equal and symmetrical, and continuous surfaces, the sides of the boat are also, without leaving gaps or recesses that hinder the normal flow of water.
  • Case (b) is possible only in the case where the separation distance d between the main symmetry axes of each pair of crossbars (1) that are contiguous, and therefore between the transverse grooves (4), (6 ) and (77) mutually adjacent, be the same, and also that the distance between the edge or the straight outer transverse edge of each bow or stern indifferent and the central main axis of symmetry of the crossbar (1) and / or the groove cross (6) or (77) closest to it is half of this value d.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) (73), (76), suitable for the construction of stationary floating structures, are poorly suited for the construction of fast or maneuverable vessels, which is a logistical inconvenience due to the effort to transport such parts when it is not known with certainty whether they will be useful or not.
  • a side float supplement 80
  • softens and rounds the corners and the shape of the hull of the boat thus constructed to facilitate a more sliding Soft in water, as seen in Figure 19, in addition to providing additional buoyancy and greater lateral stability.
  • This lateral float supplement (80) preferably has a segment of width, and is symmetrical with respect to a central vertical transverse plane with respect to the direction of advance of the vessel, but unlike all other flotation elements, it is asymmetric with respect to the central vertical longitudinal plane, so that it fits perfectly laterally, following the direction of the crossbars (1), on any of the two equal flat side faces of the floats (73) and (76), so that one of its sides have exactly the same coincident section for a union without discontinuities with them, while the other opposite side is parallel to the previous one and of much smaller surface, both being joined by continuous curved surfaces.
  • this piece cannot serve as a flotation element by itself, but two of them must, obligatorily, be coupled laterally to both sides of one or more floats (73) or (76) aligned transversely to obtain a configuration of combined hull symmetric with respect to the plane of central vertical longitudinal symmetry with respect to the direction of advance of the boat.
  • such lateral float supplements (80) have the corresponding transverse grooves (4), (6), (77), arranged symmetrically with respect to the transverse symmetry plane central vertical, in longitudinally coincident positions with those of the floats (73) or (76), with their holes for the sets of cross-float connecting screws (7) practiced in positions coinciding with those of the cross-members (1). Due to the asymmetrical shape of their ends, they lack longitudinal guides (11), (78) and sliding covers (10), 79).
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) (5), (6), (77) present, and the value of the width of a segment are kept constant so that the coupling system with all the remaining parts remains compatible.
  • the only really important characteristic that can be modified is the number and arrangement of the transverse grooves (4) and (5). If you increase the length, be it extending symmetrically in the direction of both ends, as if it is in the direction of only one of them, it will be necessary to proportionally maintain the stiffness of the floating structure by adding more crossbars (1) and more transverse grooves (4) ( these being between each pair of transverse grooves (5) of each pair of longitudinal U-bars (3), and in some cases more transverse grooves (81) (these being outside each pair of transverse grooves (5) of each pair of longitudinal U-bars (3) and therefore not covered by them, and also outside the sliding covers (10) and (79)), as well as more transverse grooves (5), in order to use U-longitudinal bars (3) longer with which to cover greater platform length or width, or instead, chain two pairs or more of the normal length along the flotation element.
  • the three float cross sections (82), (83) and (84) have the respective shapes of the geometric results of sectioning an asymmetric float (71) for each and every one of its standardized widths, with one or two cuts according to a vertical plane perpendicular to its central vertical longitudinal symmetry plane, to obtain a bow section (82) containing the pointed end, a stern section (83) containing the blunt straight end, and an intermediate section (83) of constant cross section (with the exception of cross slots
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) upper (4), (5), (81)) which does not contain any of the two ends, with the particularity that the flat surfaces of the cross sections of all these sections are exactly the same and coincide with each other to allow the construction of floats composed of two or more sections aligned consecutively and without discontinuities in their hydrodynamic profile.
  • Such cross-sections are, of course, manufactured in standardized widths of an integer number of segments, and they also use at least one pair of longitudinal U-bars as elements for their fixation and anchorage longitudinally on the structure.
  • each pair of longitudinal U-bars (3) in contact at their transverse ends joins two consecutive float cross sections (82), (83), (84) and their crossbars (1), which before this coupling were independent and kept separate.
  • combinations of two bow-bow (82) + (82) or stern-stern (83) + (83) sections are possible, and others with at least one intermediate section flanked by two terminal sections in bow-bow arrangements ( 82) + m- (84) + (82), bow-stern (82) + m- (84) + (83), or stern-stern (83) + m- (84) + (83), where m a positive integer greater than or equal to unity.
  • each of the sections (82), (83), (84) has at least two transverse grooves (4) for the coupling of as many crossbars (1) in the same horizontal plane, as well as small anchors or stumps arranged on their flat faces to be brought into contact with each other or along their outer perimeter, which are mutually embedded and penetrated, the structure finally joined by the longitudinal U-bars (3) may have an acceptable resistance for use.
  • each bow (82) and stern section (84) must have at least one transverse groove (5) with its corresponding holes for the sets of U-longitudinal float-joint bolts (9), and each section intermediate (84) at least two, placed one after the other, or one twice as wide as the result of merging two adjacent transverse grooves (5), so that the two consecutive pairs of longitudinal U-bars (3) touch.
  • An additional auxiliary flotation element is a composite float (85) that combines an indeformable upper solid section (86) of an integer number of width segments, with a lower inflatable pneumatic section (87) of cylindrical symmetry, in the form of a capsule or of a banana, which is attached to the previous one by means of a series of hooks and eyelets (88) or of straps (89) that surround it at intervals, thus facilitating its rapid replacement once deteriorated or broken , being able to keep the non-deformable upper solid section during the change (86).
  • This auxiliary flotation element differs from other previous inventions by the presence on the upper solid section (86) of the different transverse grooves
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) coupling, in the same standardized positions, with other parts different from the set for the construction of floating structures.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) coupling, in the same standardized positions, with other parts different from the set for the construction of floating structures.
  • its true main function is to provide additional lateral stability and buoyancy to floating structures constructed primarily with elements of solid flotation when these are not in a sufficient number to cover all the needs of the operation, being able to partially replace them on the same standardized positions, while saving space in the vehicles for other parts if the pneumatic sections (87) are They keep deflated.
  • the first reason is the need for a compressor for rapid inflation, which must be available at the place of use or very close, which limits its effectiveness for a rapid response or makes it dependent on the circumstances.
  • the pneumatic sections (87) have non-rigid and deformable circular or elliptical cross sections, and therefore not perfectly compatible when fitted with the rest of solid flotation elements in compact structures.
  • the latter will have a shorter life time than in the case of completely pneumatic structures, due to cumulative deterioration proportional to the time of use (punctures, tears, abrasions, deformations of the tissue) or by storage (aging and accumulation of folds in the tissue), unless especially resistant materials and fabrics are used, which makes this type of elements more expensive.
  • the first which can be seen in Figure 23, can be applied in hull configurations in which solid floats (2), (67), (71), (72), (73), (74), ( 75), (76), or sections thereof (82), (83), (84) are arranged in a transversely compacted arrangement, in mutual or very close contact.
  • plates, strips or plugs (90) of rubber, rubber, or any padded material that separates them and dampens friction, tensions and deformations between such pieces.
  • These plates, strips or plugs (90) may be permanently attached to the sides of the solid floats (2), (67), (71), (72), (73), (74), (75), (76), or sections thereof (82), (83), (84), although they could be detached with use, or instead be manually placed before use and be interchangeable and replaceable, providing them with a certain wedge shape that allows them to keep hanging tight between each adjacent pair of adjacent floating elements that separate, being imprisoned between them.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) Its second function is to prevent the introduction and accumulation, within the slots that remain between the flotation elements, of objects such as leaves and branches, which can give problems when navigating and maneuvering and increase the resistance to the advance and to the turn and, by preventing the flow of water between the grooves, contribute to the floating elements not separating from each other, cooperating with the terminal pieces of gagged floats (21). For this, such elements must have a shape that copies the curve of the floating elements.
  • cross slots (4), (5), (6), (10), (77), (81) can be completely covered, covered or lined by pieces or separating joints in the form of U of metal, plastic or rubber (91), which are those that make contact with the crossbars (1) and the longitudinal U-bars (3).
  • such U-shaped separator pieces (91) can extend transversely to both sides until they are the same width as the two longitudinal U-bars (3), so that they rest at all times on the previous ones, which play the role of a support cross beam, thus reinforcing the loose units before being placed in the crossbars (1).
  • the sliding covers (10) and (79) can also have several embodiments with additional practical functions to block the crossbars (1) on the transverse grooves (6) and (77).
  • the sliding covers (10) and (79) only serve this function, providing a smooth, rounded and aesthetic shape that continues the surfaces of the floating element forward and / or stern, being able to be, according to the symmetry or asymmetry of these two, the same or different.
  • Both can be replaced by sliding covers in the form of a rectangular platform (92), of one or more segments of width, which are provided with moldings or non-slip textures to safely step over without slipping, and which allow to expand forward and backward ( or laterally, according to the orientation of the floating structure) the platform above the ends of the flotation elements as they are added to the structure.
  • They can also be replaced by sliding covers with segments that incorporate a vertical or inclined panel (93) or a railing section, or with seat-shaped segments with backrest (94), with which to easily build a railing, embroidery or
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) row of seats that is extended with each structural unit of flotation added, and that defends the interior of the boat or raft against water blows and / or serves as a safety element against water falls.
  • FIG 25 an important improvement of the front sliding covers (10) can be observed, which consists of a modular false bow (95) of two or more segments of width, detachable and interchangeable. It is a piece as a hood or removable hood of a hydrodynamic shape such that, taking advantage of the upper longitudinal guides (11) of the flotation elements, it is capable of encompassing on the outside and engaging in the bow part of two or more of them arranged parallel and in mutual contact, hugging them all together in the bow part of the boat or raft, without the possibility of separating each other even if it advances on the water at high speed, upon receiving this piece all or most of the force of the impact against the water during the advance, instead of the flotation elements themselves, allowing to improve the ease of penetration into the water and its speed with respect to the same vessel devoid of this piece.
  • the surface of the interior recess or hollow of the bow (95) coincides and engages exactly, and is supported by compression due to the movement of the vessel, against the series of flat front bow surfaces of the individual flotation elements, which are exactly coincident in a side view of the self-propelled floating structure, independently of the number of segments of each of the individual flotation elements.
  • This together with the fact that the lower part of the bow (95) extends and introduces a certain longitudinal distance below the flotation elements, causing the water flow to continue below them without them receiving the force of the impact, prevents the false bow (95) can detach from its position.
  • the advantages of false bows (95) are obvious. They allow changing and improving in an interchangeable and modular way, materials, mechanical properties and hydrodynamic profile of a vessel or built raft
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) with all equal and homogeneous flotation elements, without the need to add in the vehicle different additional flotation elements, or sections thereof, for each and every one of the possible uses that could occur, allowing to save volume and length of vehicle. They allow, for example, to obtain a symmetrical V-shaped or arrowhead bow (96), to modify the bow of the boat with an upward bend (97) like semi-rigid vessels, to better overcome waves and water blows, or change the bow material to modify its properties, maintaining the same flotation elements, or incorporate metal edges (98), to resist abrasion against rocks or ice.
  • the two longitudinal U-bars (3) attached to each float or section (2), (67), (71), (72), (73), (74), (75), (76), (82) , (83), (84), (85) constitute, once joined, a horizontal rectangular frame or frame, elongated in a direction parallel to that of the flotation elements, which allows the distribution of weights and forces from the platform of the floating structure assembled towards the flotation elements and the crossbars (1) simultaneously. They also provide greater structural rigidity against compression and shear forces by simultaneously screwing these two types of elements and being able to make simultaneous lateral contact with other longitudinal U-bars (3) belonging to other adjacent structural flotation units, or with other elements. or intermediate accessories interposed between them.
  • Some or all pairs of longitudinal U-bars (3) can optionally be replaced by rectangular frames or frames (99) of the same shape and dimensions as the outer perimeter of the set of such pairs, thus saving assembly time and get more resistance. However, they will only be practical for saving time in those assemblies where they should not be attached to flotation elements.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) a single piece in the form of a rectangular frame or frame (93), and which can also be placed and removed with great ease to hold them together or separate them from each other and / or floating elements.
  • Such improvement which can be easily seen in Figure 23, consists of two small and simple bars (100) of square or rectangular profile, solid or hollow tubular, of a section slightly smaller than that of the longitudinal U-bars themselves ( 3) to be able to enter tightly and without gaps through the inner tubular openings of its transverse ends, so that once mounted, half of each of these bars (100) is inserted inside a transverse end of each of the two longitudinal U-bars (3) in mutual contact that share the same float or section (2), (67), (71), (72), (73), (74), (75), (76), (82), (83), (84), (85), and at the same time screwed to both elements simultaneously by means of a set of connecting screws floats-longitudinal U-bars (9), for which it is
  • the bars (100) reinforce the transverse ends of the longitudinal U-bars (3) against bending movements with respect to the flotation elements due to knocks, falls or undue supports, or also by time of use, which may make the U-longitudinal bar-float joint screws (9) split or bend, or the U-longitudinal bars (3) bend or deform.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) touch each other and reinforce the structure against compression stresses applied from the ends.
  • rectangular frames (99) can preferably be placed to allocate the longitudinal U-bars (3) to the flotation elements.
  • a series of equal and resistant rectangular modular platforms (101) of stainless metal material preferably perforated plate to reduce weight
  • can be screwed or hard plastic or wood, but always with moldings or rough textures that prevent slippage and provide security when stepped on.
  • Such modular rectangular platforms (101) have dimensions that coincide with the outer dimensions and perimeter of the longitudinal U-bars (3) and rectangular frames (99), to be screwed over and in a manner coincident with them, thus also having widths standardized of an integer number of segments, and vertical or hollow holes in coincident positions so that they can be traversed and at the same time fastened to the whole of the structural unit of flotation by the three types of floating-cross-linking screws (7), crossbars- longitudinal U-bars (8) and floats-longitudinal U-bars (9).
  • the modular platforms (101) must incorporate some additional elements such as braces, ribs, greases or lower bars allow support and do not break before being overweight.
  • the modular rectangular platforms (101) can have dimensions that allow them to fit exactly inside the inside perimeter of the longitudinal U-bars (3) or rectangular frames (99), so that they are in direct contact with crossbars (1) and floats or sections (2), (67), (71), (72), (73), (74), (75), (76), (82), (83), (84), (85) and unloading the weight on them directly.
  • FIG. 26 shows the different ways in which two adjacent flotation structural units may be in contact.
  • the modular platforms themselves (101) can incorporate oblique or X-shaped lower ribs or ribs that cooperate along the entire chain of modular rectangular platforms when all U-longitudinal bars (3) and frames
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) or rectangular frames (99) are in mutual contact, but would only serve to oppose transverse compression stresses.
  • metal pins or bolts oblique bars or braces (102) that serve as reinforcement against bias and shear movements in selected areas of the same, the face being the best and most likely bottom free of the crossbars (1) in the segments where there are no flotation elements coupled below, resulting in the unoccupied holes of the crossbars (1) being perfect for the cross-float connecting screws (7) and longitudinal crossbars in U (8).
  • Such elements would be essential in very long structures, especially if they are crossing strong water currents, since the extremes and the central area would be subjected to differential thrust forces that would tend to bend the crossings (1) in the direction of the themselves, bending the floating structure dangerously.
  • all or part of the longitudinal U-bars (3) and the rectangular frames or frames (99) can be pre-prepared with vertical anchor holes or tubes added sides (103) in equal predetermined positions along its perimeter, in which to insert vertically such transverse elements and accessories, provided that they are in turn prepared with lower anchoring projections or projections placed in the same coincident positions, to fix them there finally by pins.
  • Such accessories would also reinforce the structure against bending movements in the vertical direction, such as the case of sturdy railings that are provided with oblique vertical braces.
  • such holes or added side tubes (103) can also be used to insert through them thick U-shaped anchors or pins (104) or X (105) that lock the rectangular platform segments with each other.
  • Each of the lower bars of these two pieces is introduced into one of the holes or side tubes added (103) of two longitudinal U-bars (3) or rectangular frames or frames (99) that are in mutual lateral contact through their segments long longitudinal parallel to the floats or sections (2), (67), (71), (72), (73), (74), (75), (76), (82), (83), (84 ), (85), regardless of whether they are part of a structural flotation unit or platform, so that such U-pins (104) and X (105) hold the two together without being able to separate in longitudinal and cross,
  • the modular rectangular platforms (101) do not engage, and instead the longitudinal U-bars (3) or rectangular frames or frames (99) are left exposed, their longitudinal segments can serve as guides for the longitudinal clamping and sliding, or as a centering, coupling and vertical fixing frame of modular elements and accessories that can be added on top of each of the structural flotation units.
  • light fixtures such as baskets or trays (case a) can be dropped vertically and fit into the hollow of the inner perimeter of the longitudinal U-bars (3) or rectangular frames or frames (99), using the holes or side tubes added (103) and the holes for the cross-bar U-longitudinal connecting bolts (8) for the placement of vertical locking pins (106).
  • Heavy accessories such as boxes or chests (case b) can be dropped and also slide longitudinally to their coupling position in the recess, immobilizing in the same way, but in case the accessories are shorter, they can be combined with horizontal pins (107) that have small wheels or guides that slide along the bottom surface of the longitudinal U-bars (3) or rectangular frames or frames (99), and that allow them to slide back and forth (or a side or other), but prevent them from leaving them vertically, despite the movements of the water or the transport of the mounted structure.
  • An optional add-on for greater accommodation and passenger safety consists of lateral supports (108) that can be anchored vertically above the longitudinal U-bars (3) or rectangular frames or frames (99) in the longitudinal direction and / or transversely on the crossbars (1) or sliding covers (92), (93), which support a series of rings or straps that firmly retain an inflatable padded or pneumatic element (109).
  • FIG. 28 shows an example of a motor boat built by parts for moderate speeds, with these padded or pneumatic elements (109) and their lateral supports (108), and various types of flotation elements combined in a slightly staggered symmetrical bow structure.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) Concluded the elements of constitution and reinforcement of the platform of the floating structures, the fourth group of improvements and new elements allow the rotational lateral linking of the flotation structural units in loose units, in more or less long flexible chains
  • one or preferably two parallel cables are laid between the two edges, firmly attached to poles, trees, pickets or ground elements, which serve as fastening and sliding guides for the transverse grooves of the bow (6) and / or stern (77) of the floating elements, which are added on the shore one by one and joining the whole of the floating structure, pushing it simultaneously in the direction of the opposite shore with each section added.
  • the floating walkway thus grows from one of the banks in stages, with each structural element of flotation or stretch of platform added.
  • the placement can be greatly facilitated by using in such transverse grooves (6) and (77) crossbars (1) of a length segment with cable passage end pieces (15) lubricated in each of them.
  • long crossbars (1) are coupled through the interior of the internal transverse grooves (4), so that each time a preferably closed float (2), (71), (72) is added, (73), (85), this is screwed to the crossbars (1) and the entire structure thus mounted is pushed towards the other shore a certain length, repeating the operation successively until the other shore is reached, along the process, before the length of each pair of crossbars (1) added is finished, another consecutive one is coupled by inserting a pair of internal crossbars (13) between them.
  • the end is to place railings, side panels or similar safety elements for the crossing, and to secure the floating walkway with other methods before beginning the evacuation of people or transporting supplies through it.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) internal cross sections (4) for joining the structure assembly once placed in position.
  • the elements are placed one by one on the growing end of the floating walkway, replacing the clamping and sliding cables between the edges with intermediate pieces of linear union and bottom anchoring (24 ) placed at intervals, to nail, anchor or ballast the floating structure and prevent its drag by the current, as well as other possible fasteners.
  • This method requires less effort but is more dangerous, since the members of the assembly team will be at all times on top of the structure under construction, but there is also the problem that, due to the characteristics of the parts, it is not there for now a safe and practical way to hold a float (2), (71), (72), (73), (85) on the surface of the water resisting drag force, while guiding and introducing through it, with precision and coordination, the crossbars (1) of the structure.
  • Method (d) is similar to (c), only that the elements are joined in pre-assembled and stiffened chains on the shore, which must be dragged through the water to their final joining position. Therefore, methods (c) and (d) are not applicable if the water flow is strong, as is likely in many cases, and methods (a) and (b) require access to the other shore and considerable effort physical to grow the floating structure by pushing it.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) placed on the sides, two longitudinal U-bars (111) equipped with such longitudinal hinges (110), so it is practical to be able to selectively and selectively change in each case the type of longitudinal U-bars (3) or (111) and rectangular frames or frames (93) or (112) to be attached to each structural flotation unit.
  • the longitudinal hinges (110) are welded or screwed (if manufactured in a separate piece) by the upper surface, and not the lateral one, of both constituent elements of the platform once they are they are mounted on the structure, so that in practice, due to their calculated position and when protruding laterally only above their upper surface, the longitudinal hinges (110) do not interfere with or abut each other in the transverse lateral coupling of the longitudinal U-bars (111) or rectangular frames or frames (112), so that by not introducing additional distances per lateral stop, they allow the matching of all holes of standardized positions of the mounting and joining hardware of all the parts of the structure.
  • the structural flotation units can be linked together laterally in the form of more or less long and flexible chains, whose links have a certain degree of mutual rotational freedom.
  • Both longitudinal U-bars (111) and rectangular frames or frames (112) can all be manufactured equal, being enough to place them symmetrically inverted on each side for their ability to lateral crimp, or in their different place, both being asymmetric in each other with respect to a central vertical longitudinal symmetry plane so that the two sides can be linked laterally and not coincide.
  • one of the main utilities of the longitudinal hinges (110) is to facilitate that the flotation structural units can be added to a floating gangway by its growing end above a stream of water , both one at a time and in sets of two, three, or even more, depending on the volume and final weight resulting from the short chains, the number of assembly operators, and the current conditions.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) the pins (113), the longitudinal hinges (110) of their longitudinal U-bars (111) or rectangular frames or frames (112) with those of the terminal flotation structural unit of the floating gangway.
  • flotation structural units can also be added in short chains of several of them, very flexible as they are linked to each other by their respective longitudinal hinges (110), very rigid as they are solidly joined by crossbars (1), as seen in Figure 32.
  • the floating chain fragment is added to the one already assembled by linking them through their respective longitudinal longitudinal hinges (110) with pins (113), then entering the crossbars (1) through these newly coupled flotation structural units so that the new section of floating structure obtains rigidity.
  • the rigid floating chain fragment is added to the one already placed by linking them by means of variable angular joint pieces with centered central transverse hinge (29), to obtain a partially flexible floating structure with rigid sections. To do this, it is appropriate to transport and hold them securely by means of some type of car or trolley provided with hooks, while an operator places the pins (113) with suitable tools to keep hands and fingers at a certain distance and safe.
  • boats and rafts can be folded in two layers reducing their width by half, in addition to which they can be stacked in layers on top of each other. Longer structures can be built by adding several of these, or by lifting and handling long and heavy chains if a crane is available at the place of use and assembly, or in the vehicle itself.
  • each of the longitudinal hinges (110) and each of the structural flotation units can be freely arranged at any angle between 0 ° (the two structural flotation units that links the Longitudinal hinge (110) are aligned), and close to 180 ° (the two are folded over each other).
  • the flexible chain if it has three or more structural flotation units, can be closed on itself, turning all the longitudinal hinges (110) a total sum of 360 °, giving a closed cyclic structure in the form of an angle polygon flexible, linking the two longitudinal hinges (110) terminals to close the cycle.
  • the length of the sides may be the same or not, depending on the number of width segments of the structural flotation units used for each of the links in the chain. If there is a large number of these, the chain can be closed and curved a total angle greater than 360 °, to constitute a spiral structure is spiral, the longer the more links it has.
  • the pieces (a) are fixed convex polygonal frames (114), consisting of a flat closed convex polygon frame with predetermined fixed sides and angles, such as cyclic polygonal frames (32), but not necessarily as robust and thick , with a series of radial reinforcing bars that connect vertices and / or points of the edges, and with a co-central and coaxial central ring or tube for a horizontal crossbar of thrust and drag of the structure rolling on the ground.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) it can support and shape, curving in a direction perpendicular to them, the flexible chain of structurally linked flotation structural units without being folded by its own weight.
  • the flat surface of each structural flotation unit engages on the outside and coincides in length with its corresponding side of the fixed convex polygonal frame (114), and each longitudinal hinge (110) adopts an angle equal to that of its corresponding vertex, so that the flexible chain is coupled and copied with its inner flat surfaces the coincident outer perimeters of the convex polygonal frames of fixed and equal fixed (114).
  • each fixed convex polygonal frame (114) is manufactured in pairs or terns with all equal sides and angles, varying in each case the number of sides and the value of the width in segments of each side, to adapt to various sizes and structure arrangements to conform to them.
  • Case (b) shows an assembly with a simpler part, consisting of a central tubular piece of baking (115) of the appropriate diameter, or several of them equal placed consecutively and coaxially along the prismatic opening that remains between the units Structural flotation of the closed cyclic flexible chain held open.
  • a strained chain, rope or cable, which runs through the interior of the transverse grooves (4), (69), (77), (81) of all the structural flotation units of the flexible chain keeps the structure closed and shaped on the central tubular part (s) of baking (115).
  • Case (c) is an adjustable baking radial frame (116), which consists of at least three equal radii or tubular arms of the same length and square or rectangular section, welded at their ends in a common center, which has a central hole that will serve
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) for the introduction of a cylindrical crossbar, as an axis of rotation of the assembly and drag or push element for the rolled transport of the structure.
  • Such tubular radii are symmetrically distributed around the center, with the same angle between each of them contiguous, and are drilled with transverse holes arranged at equal and regular radial distances, so that they can move radially along their length and fix on them, with pins, both removable movable stops (117) that are inserted and moved outside the radii, such as extendable or telescopic feet (118) that are inserted and moved inside the tubular openings of the spokes, being able to engage both at the same time.
  • an increase in the width of the structural flotation units translates into a proportional increase in the radius of the polygonal base of the shaped prismatic structure and its size (that is, that increases the length of equal sides and therefore the radius of the polygon), and a variation or alternation of the width of the structural flotation units along the flexible chain translates into a decrease in the symmetry of the polygonal base of the prismatic structure formed from the maximum symmetry arrangement, which is proportional to the heterogeneity in the width of these (the greater the number of uneven sides obviously the closed convex polygon becomes more irregular).
  • each of the movable stops (117) engages and acts as an inner angular stop, as a wedge and / or clamp, in the area surrounding each of the vertices of the two polygonal bases of the shaped prismatic structure , constituted by each pair of interior flat surfaces of each contiguous pair of angularly arranged flexible cyclic chain flotation structural units, such that when moving and positioning such movable stops (117) at appropriate radial distances relative to the center of the radial frame Adjustable baking (116) and fixed by pins, open and keep fixed and anchored by its interior vertices, without the possibility of folding, the flexible cyclic chain in a prismatic structure with its two equal bases in the form of closed, more regular convex polygon irregular depending on the more or less symmetrical or asymmetrical position in which the movable stops (117) for the support must be placed e and conformed of the structure of the chain of structural units of flotation in question. If the width of the structural flotation units is constant along the
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) with the structure formed in a prism form whose equal bases are a regular polygon of equal sides and angles, with the length of each side equal to the width segments of each and every one of the structural flotation units, and whose radius is proportional to the length of the sides.
  • bases in the form of polygons of symmetrically equal sides and angles according to symmetry planes (flattened or chamfered), these arrangements are not practical for the rolling transport of these structures by the ground.
  • the most suitable structures are those formed in the form of a regular polygonal prism, especially from six structural flotation units arranged radially in the form of a hexagonal prism, since all sides and angles are equal, and therefore tend to approach to a circumference when the number of sides increases, the movement of advance is smoother and more fluid, without jumps through uneven corners as it would be with an asymmetric or irregular structure, and the force of thrust or traction can then be applied in a more continuous way and uniform throughout the entire travel route, except for possible accidents and uneven terrain.
  • the arms of the radial frames of adjustable baking (116) are or can remain in vertical vertical planes with respect to the inner hollow in the form of a polygonal prism, thanks to the fact that the movable stops (117) are elongated in the direction of the main axis of symmetry of the structure, extending towards the vertices of the bases of the aforementioned polygonal prismatic hollow, and touching around the internal longitudinal edges of the longitudinal prismatic hollow to shape and keep the structure open.
  • pairs of movable stops (117) that are aligned in the direction of the axis of main symmetry can be joined by bars that can be attached to both, to hold the structure formed along the entire length of each of the edges that join the two bases of the prismatic hollow, as a cage instead of as a double claw. Therefore, the ends of the radial arms of the radial frames of adjustable baking (116) and / or the extendable or telescopic feet (118) can extend and protrude perfectly between each two adjacent structural flotation units, as there is a sufficient gap between these, when both are arranged at a certain angle, especially if they are placed in vertical planes close to the bow and stern areas, which are normally smaller than the central part, depending on the type of flotation element used.
  • the floats or sections (2), (67), (71), (72), (73), (74), (75), (76), (82), (83), (84 ), (85) are left out and are the elements that touch the ground, so they can be practical only in cases of soft soil such as waterlogged, muddy, sandy, or full of herbaceous vegetation, by distributing the weight over a large surface, preventing them from sinking by weight. If the ground is hard, angular or rocky, then they can be damaged during transport, so that the extensible or telescopic feet (118) can be attached to
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) equal distances with respect to the center of all radial frames of adjustable baking (116), so that they are the ones that make contact with the ground at each turning step, or also to provide a stable base of pedestation or placement of the shaped structure so that it does not roll due to the gravity or drag of the water.
  • the surface and shape of these can be varied to better adapt to the type of terrain or practical function.
  • the entire structure will roll in a single set, but if two additional adjustable radial racks (116) are arranged on both sides on the crossbar with independent rotation, and the extensible or telescopic feet (118) are attached to them and detachable tires (119), two side wheels will be obtained that will rotate independently of the formed structure, facilitating the transport rolled over longer distances towed by a vehicle, for example by roads and highways.
  • Case (d) is a foldable version of the adjustable baking radial racks (116), in which the radial arms are replaced by a certain number of symmetrical bars that are crimped on a common central pivot axis, each provided with two movable stops (117) and two extendable or telescopic feet (118), which allow them to adopt varying angles.
  • the radial arms are replaced by a certain number of symmetrical bars that are crimped on a common central pivot axis, each provided with two movable stops (117) and two extendable or telescopic feet (118), which allow them to adopt varying angles.
  • movable stops 117
  • two extendable or telescopic feet 118
  • Figure 35 shows an example of the comparative efficiency of various forms of transport of parts and elements through the use of human force itself, in cases where the transport vehicle cannot access the place of use due to impracticability of the land
  • the pieces can be transported to shoulders (a), on each or several structural flotation units sliding or sliding along the ground (b), on skates (c), or in cyclical structures confined by rolling (d) and (e).
  • the last two options allow, when possible, a much faster and more effective transport when the available time is a decisive factor to consider.
  • the flexible floating chain can be opened very quickly when arriving at the place of employment, and unwind and stiffen by rapid interior introduction of the crossbars (1), allowing both their immediate fragmentation in chains
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) shorter for boats or rafts, such as the rapid laying of floating walkways by unrolling from the shore, as seen in the summary and simplified procedure of Figure 36.
  • the fixed convex polygonal frame (114) is turned in the direction of the water, to finish to unwind the already open shaped structure, and thus obtain a section of floating walkway in a very short time.
  • both shaped cyclic chains are opened and one of the terminal ends of each is connected by their respective longitudinal hinges (110), so that it results in an open flexible chain partially shaped in the form of an open ribbon, which uses the two polygonal frames Fixed-convex convexes (114) as elevated clamping elements during the joining process of both, which must be carried out with extreme caution.
  • Fixed-convex convexes (114) as elevated clamping elements during the joining process of both, which must be carried out with extreme caution.
  • Figure 37 shows the way in which two equal platform sections can be interleaved, mutually linked and deployed between two adjacent flotation structural units, using the longitudinal hinges (110) of all these elements involved. If the folding system and the structural elements are repeated multiple times, an accordion-like deployable structure is obtained, either unlimitedly if the arrangement is linear to obtain telescopic floating walkways that expand in one direction, or in a limited way if the arrangement is curved to obtain the mixed shaped and folded structures. For this, the condition is that the longitudinal hinges (110) that link and join each two equal platform sections between each two consecutive flotation structural units must be placed inverted in their vertical arrangement with respect to the lateral ones and all the remaining ones.
  • crossbars (1) are introduced into the transverse grooves (4), (6), (77), (81) of the floats or sections (2), (67), (71), (72) , (73), (74), (75), (76), (82), (83), (84), (85), and one of these is screwed to the terminal segment or segments of the crossbars (1) , leaving the other without screwing to allow the crossbars (1) to slide freely through their transverse grooves (4), (69, (77), (81).
  • the crossbars are now pushed (1) in the direction that allows the opening and deployment by drag of the two equal sections of articulated platform, adding to the length or width of the section of floating structure that of these two platform sections.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) be constituted by three different types of elements. In an imperfect arrangement (a), these are two pairs of longitudinal U-bars (111) provided with their corresponding longitudinal hinges (110), with the particularity that the two centrals containing the longitudinal hinges (110) that join between if both platform sections are placed in a vertically inverted position, with their longitudinal hinges (110) facing down, reversing the direction of the folding movement.
  • Each rectangular platform panel is preferably constituted by modified rectangular frames or frames (120), with the longitudinal hinges (110) arranged in an inverted manner, with those of one side placed on the upper face, and those of the other on the lower , or instead by assemblies of a longitudinal U-bar (111) coupled with a modified U-longitudinal bar (121), in which instead of being engaged in an inverted vertical arrangement it is its longitudinal hinges (110) which are found welded or screwed on its underside, in a position that allows full 180 ° folding of both platform sections.
  • FIG 38 an example of a mixed structure formed and folded of six equal flotation structural units can be seen in detail, formed around two six-arm adjustable adjustable radial racks (116), between each of which a pair or two pairs of rectangular folding sections of platform.
  • the perspective view allows a better view of the arrangement of elements that remain poorly clarified in previous two-dimensional figures, such as the movable stops (117) with their wedge and caliper shape, and the large-area extensible or telescopic feet (118), as well as the crossbar of thrust, traction and rotation of the set.
  • a smaller size includes a comparison between the two-dimensional projections, in the direction of the main symmetry axis, of the shaped and folded mixed structures that they use for each of the two or four sections
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) equal folding of platform two longitudinal U-bars (110) alternated in their placement (a), two modified rectangular frames or frames (120) placed alternately (c), or a pair that combines two U-longitudinal bars (111) and ( 121) different (b).
  • the total length in this specific example, will be eighteen times its value, instead of six times as in the case of the same structure formed without interleaved folding sections, since they are in a one to two ratio. If, with these same geometric conditions, instead of only one, two pairs of consecutive folding platform sections are placed between each two consecutively shaped structural flotation units, the diameter and weight of the structure obtained increases with respect to the previous case, but the total deployed length will be thirty times the width of a single structural flotation unit.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) Water. First of all, the shaped structure is unwound completely, leaving all aligned flotation structural units on the ground or floating on the water, or at least as far as possible, and then introducing the crossbars (1) along all their transverse grooves (4) or (6) and (77) consecutively aligned, and screw them at their end into the floating element furthest from the shore. Then, along with the horizontal sliding and chaining in series of crossbars (1) with internal crossbars (13), each pair or pairs of platform folded in the direction of the other shore, are deployed in stages, and once the Total deployment, we proceed to the screwing, anchoring and final securing of the floating walkway.
  • the extensible or telescopic feet (118) must be long and resistant, and can be extended in a radial direction an appreciable length, evenly or independently, so that the depth immediately in front of the growing end is measured, anticipate to the differences of depth and irregularities of the ground of the bottom before the next step of stable positioning of the set in a more advanced position. They must also allow coupling on them of the removable flexible tires (119) if it is necessary to increase the surface of contact with the ground when it is soft, or favor the stable positioning of the assembly to resist without problems the thrust of the current, for example by incorporating picks, hooks or rakes on its outer perimeter. For this, the removable flexible tires
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) (119) can be straight and shorter than normal, even concave, so that instead of adopting a circular shape together they get a polygonal shape that prevents the assembly from rolling or accidentally being delivered.
  • the growth is slower and is carried out in steps so that, with joint effort and good coordination among the team members, each of the structural flotation units is released to fall on the water, and immediately Then the end of the adjustable baking radial frame (116) is pushed upwards, leveraging so that it rolls on the two telescopic or extendable feet (118) more advanced that rest on the ground and adopt the next consecutive stable position on the base quadrangular of its extendable feet (118), simultaneously deploying the rectangular platform sections attached to the structural flotation unit that has just been unlinked.
  • Such cables can be maintained to constitute a provisional flexible floating gangway, for which in each structural flotation unit that they pass through they pass through crossbars (1) with two end pieces of cable passage (15) placed at their ends, or be used as guides for the introduction of crossbars (1) connected in series, pulling through the transverse grooves (4) and / or (6) and (77) of such cables, once on the other shore, if the length of The unwound chain is enough. Since these assemblies allow the construction of very long floating walkways, it is possible that partially flexible structures have to be built, with short rigid sections joined by pieces of variable angular joint with centered central transverse hinge (29).
  • Conformed, folded and mixed structures shaped and folded can be prepared and maintained in advance in warehouses, and sent in vehicles of the appropriate size quickly if the forecast or the magnitude of the event makes its use advisable
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) immediate or availability in a certain number.
  • One possibility to study is not only the transport of these structures by helicopter, but also perhaps the possible rapid laying or deployment, from these assemblies, of floating gangways transported from helicopters of sufficient power, or at least their help for this operation, so that it is quickly responsible for the task of deploying in the air, or instead of unrolling on the water by dragging it, the floating walkway to the other end when the time margin is short or it is not possible to build it from a single end .
  • Transportation will be limited by issues such as weight and size of the structure, helicopter power, aerodynamic drag of the structure, distance to cover, weather and orographic conditions, or conditions of the extent of water to cover.
  • the flexible chain of structural flotation units and rectangular platform sections is formed in a prismatic structure of regular polygonal bases preferably constructed on radial frames of adjustable baking (116), with the movable wedge-shaped stops (117) modified and wedge-shaped with an electric drive system (124) to allow its sequential and controlled opening from the cockpit of the helicopter, allowing the controlled release of the flotation structural units one at a time, and subsequent fall and unfolding of the rectangular sections of the platform by the gravity.
  • the rotation of the crossbar is also controlled by an electric motor and / or brake (125) for better control of the unwind speed of the floating gangway.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) the deployment of the elements of the floating walkway, until reaching the other shore, inaccessible by other means, or in the shortest possible time.
  • the cables are unwound in a controlled manner, having an excess length, from a cable reel (123) arranged inside the radial adjustable baking frame (116), both having their parallel but independent axes to allow different speeds of rotation.
  • the cables must be arranged in a curve as horizontal as possible, so that an important stretch is resting on the ground or on the water, so the helicopter should not rise too much
  • the shaped structures, and mixed shaped and folded can take more elongated shapes, for example as a tape or caterpillar, which allows them to compact more elements of flexible floating chain elements, and therefore get much longer length of floating walkway housed in the same assembly.
  • the shaped structure does not rotate on a central axis, but rather the structural flotation units slide and lodge themselves aligned along guides or trays (126) that conform and support them in the desired shape, preventing they fall and unfold accidentally, and which in turn guide and lead them in their movements at the time of folding or unfolding the structure.
  • guides or trays (126) can have and alternate straight sections and curved sections, the latter of which can connect the straight sections to cause the flexible chain to change the desired angle direction, or that the straight sections can be stacked or placed in parallel, in the latter case if between each of them there are curved sections a total of 180 °.
  • Each of the straight sections of the guides or trays (126) allows the accommodation of a linear section of folded flexible chain and the precise guidance for its displacement and linear unfolding, and each of the curved sections allows the accommodation of a curved section folded and partially shaped, in which each pair of consecutive flotation structural units form a certain angle to each other so that the flexible chain changes direction when forced by the curved sections of such guides or trays (126).
  • the bending of the flexible chains is only allowed in the direction in which the structural flotation units are on the convex or outer side, and the rectangular folding sections of the platform on the concave or inner side, so that the more attached or stacked of two folded linear stretches of flexible chain means that the intercalated curved sections have to have successively greater radius, in an open spiral-shaped form of spiral, imposing limitations on the assemblies that can be built fixed on land in terms of their height and to the number of rows of flotation structural units that can be placed a
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) on top of the other, being more convenient to increase its length than the number of floors and curved sections.
  • FIG. 42 shows a structure for its transport and hypothetical deployment from the air, by means of a helicopter of very high load capacity, in which the different guides or trays (125) are joined together by a frame (126) box-shaped or parallelepiped, provided with legs, wheels or lower skates to stay on the ground.
  • the structural flotation units are placed compacted according to two horizontal rows, one on top of the other, using the straight horizontal sections of the guides or trays (125) attached to the support frame (126) to hold and guide, keeping the rectangular platform sections folded up in the bottom row and down hanging in the top row.
  • Both straight stretches of flexible chain are physically and in motion connected by an intermediate section that curves 180 °, shaped and limited by the curved sections of the guides or trays (126), connected in an order so that the structural units of Flotation of the upper straight segment are released, dropped, deployed and placed before those of the lower. For this deployment, these fall by gravity from the trays or guides (126) of the upper rectilinear section following the curve of a terminal section of these folded down an angle of 90 ° or slightly higher, with the condition that other mounting elements they do not interfere with the movement of unfolding of the floating gangway by gravity and tensioning of the cable.
  • the procedure is similar to the one mentioned above in the case of only shaped structures, also with cables that pass through the transverse grooves (4), (6), (77) that are dismantled and unwind from a terminal cable reel (121) attached to the frame (126), provided with an electric motor to allow the two directions of rotation, winding and unwinding in a controlled manner.
  • One or two front stops with electric opening and closing mechanism (124) allow the controlled and sequential release and fall by gravity of the structural flotation units one by one, as well as the complete automatic unfolding of its rectangular platform sections when falling Vertical mind or with a certain inclination. Thanks to this control in the fall, those that are still on the frame (126) are prevented from sliding, unfolding, and falling out of control.
  • the cables Near each of its ends, the cables have a stapled or gagged stop, to drag the terminal flotation structural units, once a certain cable length is wound or unwound and that it does not continue to unwind endlessly without dragging the flexible chain.
  • the flexible chain is reversibly roll-up, driving the cable reel motor (121) in the appropriate direction of rotation, so that when the
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) structural flotation units at the end of their journey, all their rectangular platform sections are folded automatically when compacted.
  • the rotational lateral linking elements of flotation structural units can be used for the construction of floating containers that can be launched from the air so that, once in the water, their The hull can easily be converted into one or several rafts or boats by breaking it into two or more smaller floating structures.
  • These are linked chains of structural flotation units composed all of floats or float sections (2), (67), (71), (72), (73), (74), (75), (76) , (82), (83), (84), (85), and those combinations that are practical, articulated by means of their longitudinal hinges (110) and closed in a closed cycle, and if there are more than three, with the help of the polygonal frames of fixed baking (114) or radial of adjustable baking (116).
  • Such floating containers once launched from a short height in a longitudinal or transverse direction with respect to the direction of flight, can reasonably withstand the impact against the water without the help of a parachute, allowing greater precision in launching, as well as remaining floating long periods withstanding conditions harder from shocks, impacts and friction against objects dragged by the current than in the case of pneumatic rafts, protecting the inner container, being able to stay in position with the help of anchors or optional ballasts, until they are located and used by the population.
  • closed shaped cyclic structures can also be constructed by replacing all longitudinal hinges (110) with variable angular joint pieces with central transverse central hinge (29) or offset (30), as in (a) and (b), or by combining or alternating both types of pieces in mixed combined structures (c).
  • longitudinal hinges (110) in order to obtain these mixed shaped and folded structures, two adjacent flotation structural units that have a couple or several of rectangular platform sections interspersed can only be mutually linked by longitudinal hinges (110) .
  • the unwinding and unfolding of such structures will lead to very different and configurable heterogeneous floating walkways, depending on each particular case and available parts.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) transversal grooves (4), (6), (77), (81), but unlike the previous cases, regardless of the longitudinal hinges (110), using the longitudinal U-bars (3) or rectangular frames and frames ( 99) singles that lack them, as seen in Figure 45.
  • each of the cables is joined in a closed cycle, as a loop from which to be able to pull infinitely, and, proceeding in consecutive stages one after the other, assemble or couple a structural flotation unit around the ground cables and pull them by way of blind tape to carefully carry, guided at all times by the cables, the flotation structural units to their terminal positions of coupling through the current or extension of water (c), so that once there they can stiffen or not.
  • the fifth group of elements and parts allow the assembly of structures, especially walkways and floating bridges, in which the flotation elements do not remain fixed perpendicular to the line of the crossbars (1) and the main platform as up to
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) now, but can be arranged with respect to them at a certain fixed or variable angle, to stay parallel to the flow of a very strong stream of water.
  • the flotation elements sank more than usual due to the weight they would oppose a much greater resistance than normal, being at a certain angle with respect to the direction of the current, so that the structure would be much more difficult to build and to keep stable in its position, the pieces could become fatigued, bent or split (especially the screws), and the objects dragged by the current could obstruct the spaces between the floating elements much more easily.
  • a first approach to solve the problem can be seen in section (b), and consists of manufacturing floating elements that can be coupled according to several standardized fixed angles to the crossbars (1), so that, as far as possible , are compatible with all other remaining parts for structural assembly.
  • Two possible sets of additional parts are presented for these fixed angle assemblies, which, although they have more drawbacks than the variable angle solutions that will be discussed immediately below, may be of interest for other secondary applications which will be described later.
  • a first set of parts (c) consists of possible respective modifications (127), (128), (129), (130), (131) of all or some of the floats (2), (71), (72 ), (73), (85) that do not have upper openings or interior compartments (68), and are therefore completely closed.
  • modified floats (127), (128), (129), (130), (131) are characterized in that their central transverse grooves (132), which are below the longitudinal U-bars (3) or rectangular frames ( 99), and preferably also their outer transverse grooves (133) and (134) that are outside them, are all parallel to each other but oblique according to a series of standardized certain angles with respect to the float itself (127), (128) , (129), (130), (131), allowing the crossbars (1) to join them forming that same angle with them, so that necessarily the metal matrices with threaded holes (135) to accommodate the screws of union cross-floats (7) are turned that same value in the same direction to match the corresponding holes of the cross-members (1).
  • the longitudinal U-bars (3) and rectangular frames (99) cannot be turned that same angle to remain perpendicular to the cross-members (1), since the floating-U-longitudinal bars (9) would remain in the air, out of the float and its positions of
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) anchor even with relatively small angles of rotation, so that these holes, as well as the transverse grooves (5), are kept in the same positions as in the floats (2), (71), (72), (73), (84), so that the same longitudinal U-bars (3) and rectangular frames (99) can still be used, without manufacturing different ones.
  • the holes for the cross-sectional U-bar crossbar screws or pins (8) arranged in the U-longitudinal bars (3) and in the crossbars (1) cease to coincide, so in these assemblies they should be drilled manually the new positions of concordance between these pieces.
  • the modified floats (127), (128), (129), (130), (131) have as disadvantages that different parts are needed for each and every one of the standardized angles in each of the two inclination directions, to right or left, since the two elements of the same standardized angle are specularly symmetrical and cannot be obtained with a 180 ° rotation of the same piece along a vertical axis.
  • section (d). consists of a modification of the transverse grooves (4) of the floats (2), (71), (72), (73), (85) that causes modified floats (136), (137), (138), (139), (140), respectively, in which the crossbars (1) do not couple directly on them, but through interchangeable intermediate pieces of the crossbars (141), (142) interchangeable, all in the same way and external dimensions to be able to permute between them, and differing in that the oblique transverse grooves or holes (143), which cross them completely in the transverse direction, are practiced in a horizontal plane at the same height and with the same cross-sectional area as the grooves transverse (4) normal, but according to different standardized angles with respect to the modified floats (136), (137), (138), (139), (140), to allow coupling on them of the crossbars (1)
  • crossbars (141), (142) allow to modify the relative angle of assembly of the crossbars (1) with respect to the flotation elements, and therefore of the floating gangway, without the need to transport on purpose several specific flotation elements for all and each of the standardized angles in the two possible directions, saving a lot of space and weight.
  • intermediate coupling parts of the crossbars (141), (142) may have their oblique transverse grooves or holes (143) practiced perpendicularly at 90 °, these floats (136), (137), (138 ), (139), (140) can be used in a manner compatible with all others for the assembly of structures with perpendicular crossbars (1), so that their transport is not useless as in the previous case.
  • the intermediate coupling parts of the crossbars (141), (142) have the same exterior dimensions and shape, only that in the former the crossbars (1) are coupled through holes, and in the latter through slots.
  • Modified floats (136), (137), (138), (139), (140) have exactly the same shape and characteristics as their original unmodified versions, with the exception that the original transverse grooves (4) expand largely along the upper part thereof, to cause expanded transverse grooves (144) on which exactly, instead of the crossbars (1), such intermediate coupling parts of the crossbars (141) are coupled, (142), which are the ones that have oblique transverse grooves or holes (143), according to the various standardized angles, for coupling the crossbars (1).
  • the expanded transverse grooves (144) are of greater height than the original transverse grooves (4) and of much greater length, so that they occupy all or almost all the distance between the two transverse grooves (5), which remain without modifications in the same relative positions as in the rest of flotation elements.
  • This distance is distributed equally between all the intermediate coupling parts of the crossbars (141), (142) so that they all have the same shape and dimensions, being able to remain narrow transverse partition walls between them on the upper surface of the modified float ( 136), (137), (138), (139), (140), or it may be the case that the entire length is occupied by a single expanded transverse groove (144) by fusion of all transverse grooves (4) originals, where to attach a single large piece of coupling of the crossbars (141), (142) with the two or more oblique transverse grooves (143).
  • the intermediate coupling parts of the crossbars (141), (142) are firmly fastened and pressed against the modified floats (136), (137), (138), (139), (140) by means of a series of connecting screws intermediate floats-coupling parts of the crossbars (145), which are screwed vertically inside female threaded matrices, preferably metal, embedded in the body of the modified float itself (136),
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) (137), (138), (139), (140), and arranged in symmetrical assemblies with respect to the central vertical longitudinal symmetry plane thereof, inside and near the outer perimeter of the transverse groove (s) ( is) expanded (s) (144) thereof.
  • the intermediate coupling parts of the crossbars (141), (142) have, in turn, vertical holes that pass through them completely, arranged in a manner coinciding with the previous ones to allow passage of such sets of screws of connecting floats-intermediate coupling parts of the crossbars (145) and thus being firmly pressed against the flotation elements.
  • the crossbars (1) are coupled to the intermediate coupling parts of the crossbars (141), (142) by means of assemblies of normal float-crossbars (7) but which, as in the previous case , they are not arranged in a direction perpendicular to the flotation elements, with the exception of the case of the intermediate coupling parts of the crossbars (141), (142) with a slot or transverse hole (143) made at an angle of 90 °.
  • the intermediate coupling parts of the crossbars (141), (142) have other sets of threaded holes for the crossbar connecting bolts - intermediate coupling parts of the crossbars (146), crossing them vertically completely and aligned inside the oblique transverse grooves or holes (143), so that they are coincident with the positions of the holes for the passage of the cross-float connecting screws (7) a once placed on and crossing the crossbars (1), while they are placed and centered on the intermediate coupling pieces of the crossbars (141), (142) at their standardized angle.
  • the threaded holes for the cross-member joint screw assemblies of the crossbars (146) have their preferably metallic threads, by means of female threaded parts embedded vertically in the inside of the intermediate coupling parts of the crossbars (141), (142) in the appropriate positions.
  • the holes for the cross-sectional U-bar crossbar screws or pins (8) arranged in the U-longitudinal bars (3) and in the crossbars (1) are no longer coincident, so in these assemblies they should also
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) drill the new matching positions between these pieces manually. It should be noted that if tubular inserts are used for the coupling of the crossbars (141), the same piece is used for the two symmetrically mirror directions (right and left) for each standardized angle, since it is enough to invert them vertically, exchanging the upper face on the bottom and the other way around, but in exchange there is the limitation that such pieces must be strung together by the crossbars (1), so it is not possible to interleave structural flotation units in the middle of the structure in process of assembly, but they must be strung and moved in their correct order by the lateral ends of the crossbars (1).
  • the flotation structural units can be interleaved, as such parts can be coupled, in turn joined to the flotation elements, from below and the longitudinal U-bars (3) or rectangular frames or frames (99) separated from above, but at the cost of the same piece not serving the two symmetrically mirror directions, so it is necessary to manufacture two of them specularly symmetric for each of the standardized angles.
  • a better solution than to build floating walkways with flotation elements that can only adopt certain fixed angles is to use flotation elements that can adopt any variable angle. This is to separate the structural flotation units from the gangway or floating structure, which until now were always rigidly joined, in two different planes, so that the flotation structural units can rotate freely with respect to the platform of the gangway by below the plane of the same, by means of elements that contain vertical axes, either individually or in sets of some of them rigidly joined.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) from one of its ends after being assembled on land.
  • Figure 47 shows a series of elements that incorporate a robust and short vertical axis, which allow to quickly build small straight sections of floating walkways in which at least two structural flotation units can rotate along as many parallel and independent vertical axes, below the plane of the platform, a certain limited angle in most cases for practical reasons at a value of more than 90 ° and less than 180 °. It is a crossbar with a central vertical axis (147) that always fits preferentially in the front transverse groove (4) of the floats (2), (67), (71), (72), (73), (74), (75), (76), (85), by means of the corresponding cross-float connecting screws (7).
  • crossbar (1) consists of a crossbar (1), at least one segment in length, in whose exact center a wide vertical hole has been drilled and a robust solid or tubular cylindrical shaft (148) inserted in it, which crosses it vertically from above and arrives to its lower face without protruding from it, for an exact coupling on said transverse groove (4).
  • Such cylindrical shaft (148) is heavily welded on the segment or segments of crossbar (1), being able to optionally incorporate in the joining areas between the two pieces, especially in the vertical space that remains between said crossbar (1) and the platform modular rectangular (101) reinforcement elements against bending movements that can split the cylindrical shaft (148), such as welded supplementary bushings that increase the diameter of the shaft and the contact surface, or triangular metal braces or plates.
  • the longitudinal U-bars (3) or rectangular frames or frames (99) are coupled with the corresponding section of modular rectangular platform (101), leaving the whole assembly locked. It is necessary that a rectangular rectangular platform (101) has a hole of adequate diameter and position so that the upper end of the cylindrical shaft (148) protrudes upwards through it.
  • This piece is a thick and robust bar or metal beam on the shaft (149), composed of a single thick bar, or several of them welded parallel to each other in order to achieve greater size and strength, so that in their The upper part has been made, by cutting and welding the appropriate pieces, symmetrically on both sides of the center of the said bar or metal beam on the shaft (149) and perpendicularly with respect to the direction of its longest side, when minus two transverse grooves (150), horizontal and
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) parallel, of the same section as the transverse grooves (4), so that on them the crossbars (1) of the upper gangway can be perfectly coupled without gaps.
  • the platform is not in this assembly locked and intertwined with the structural flotation units, it is possible that in order to reinforce the structure, or to obtain wider or narrow walkways, it is interesting to have more than two such transverse grooves (150), being able to obtain platforms capable of supporting greater weight by adding more supplementary lines of parallel crossbars (1), which can be reinforced by the inclusion of intermediate oblique metal braces (102).
  • transverse grooves (150) play the role of the transverse grooves (4), so that vertical holes are also made in the same standardized matching positions for the housing of a set of screws of union cross-floats (7), preferably threaded with the same diameter and thread pitch, so that the bar or metal beam on the shaft (149) and / or the transverse grooves (150) must have the minimum width of a segment to place these sets.
  • a row of vertical cylindrical tubes or holes are arranged (151) of the axle housing, all of them the same, in each of which the cylindrical axis (148) fits perfectly, so that in addition to lightening weight, they allow to choose any of them to introduce it, which is held, so that do not leave its position vertically, by means of a bushing (152) crossed horizontally by a pin (153) that simultaneously crosses the upper part of the cylindrical shaft (148), so that it has a horizontal hole along its diameter near its upper end.
  • the platform constituted by the crossbars (1) screwed to the latter with its corresponding rectangular frames or frames (99) (or the elements in question that constitute the surface to pass over) rotates with respect to the structural flotation unit, and vice versa.
  • the bar or metal beam on the shaft (149) has a flat bottom face so that it can rotate with the least possible friction, but at the same time distributing the weight on the upper surface of the rectangular platform Modular (101), it being appropriate that the latter be constituted by a heavy-duty perforated metal plate, with the necessary braces, sleepers and lower supplements so that it can support the weight in circulation above. It can also rest directly on any greased washer of large diameter arranged between the two surfaces, or incorporate, along its outer perimeter, a series of cylindrical or conical rolling wheels or rollers (154), held by plates or braces (155), which facilitate sliding in the turn, also increasing
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) enormously the resistance against lateral flexion of the cylindrical shaft (148) by increasing the lateral support distance in all orientations.
  • Each straight section of floating walkway mounted with all these elements rests on at least two of these pivotal flotation structural units, so that the metal rods or beams on the axis (149) of these are joined to the crossbars (1) in usual standardized positions placed near both ends for stable maintenance of the floating structure.
  • each structural flotation unit can rotate 360 °, but in reality they cannot be arranged at angles too close or coincident with the direction of the floating walkway, since then lateral stability would be lost and could tip over, in addition to the surface
  • the contact or rolling of the metal rods or beams on the shaft (149) is drastically reduced, making it easier to split the cylindrical shaft (148) before a large overexertion.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) more than two structural flotation units, advancing some and delaying others, it is possible to increase the surface of the base on which the floating structure rests and therefore its stability.
  • FIG 47b An example of a short floating walkway can be seen in Figure 47b, which is easily constructed in the safety of the shore, placing the crossbars (1) of the platform on top of the two structural flotation units arranged separated on the ground. After assembly, it is easy to move the structure floating on top of the water towards its final position or orientation by pivoting it on one of its corners on the ground, by means of a weighted strut or a thick vertical spike nailed as a turning axis, using the crossbars (1) prolonged to make greater lever arm, of stranded cables to control the movement, or also to use the water's own pushing force to move the structure in the desired direction with much less effort, process during which the structural units of flotation are automatically oriented with respect to the direction of water flow.
  • This system can be perfected with other new elements that allow the construction of fixed position floating bridges, bridges and structures that rest on floating elements that can rotate without rotation restrictions a total angle of 360 °, around a vertical axis by below the horizontal plane of the upper platform, as seen in Figure 48.
  • the structural flotation units float and pivot not individually, but in symmetrical groups of at least two of them joined in a single set.
  • This system offers more facilities for the consecutive union of several platform sections, so it allows the construction of larger, longer or more complicated structures by means of several procedures.
  • the structural flotation units consisting of solid single-piece floats (2), (67), (71), (72), (73), (74), (75), (76), are screwed together from an even number of them to equal crossbars (1) of more than two segments in length, so that in the center of these there is a gap of preferably a free segment without a structural flotation unit (or at most two or three), the couplings being arranged symmetrically on both sides of this gap so that each one has the same number of them, and in the case that they have several widths, arranged in equal pairs also symmetrically placed with respect to the center of the crossbars (1).
  • the number and width of the floats (2), (67), (71), (72), (73), (74), (75), (76) will determine the load bearing capacity and the stability of the assembly , so it will normally be interesting if they are relatively wide, several segments wide.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) On each of these independent flotation assemblies a series of elements that constitute a robust vertical axis that allows the rotation in relation to the platform section that is placed on top of them are coupled. On the central free segment or segments of the crosspieces (1) of the rotary flotation assembly a support frame of the pivot shaft (156) is attached, which consists of a robust box-shaped or parallelepiped frame, constructed in a metal tube of square or rectangular section, with a series of oblique braces or reinforcement plates welded between the corners of their vertical faces, and with their upper and lower faces preferably constituted by thick plates or thick metal plates (157), (158).
  • This frame fits perfectly from above and without gaps, between the two central flotation structural units, perfectly adjusted in the gap between the crossbars (1) of the two central transverse grooves (4) of the series of structural flotation units, and the two longitudinal U-bars (3) or lateral rectangular frames or frames (93) making contact with them, so that their placement provides greater rigidity against bias or shear movements on the assembly structure.
  • this support frame of the pivot shaft (156) rests on the central free segment or segments of both front and rear crossbars (1) with respect to it with which it is in contact, for which the top plate ( 157) thereof extends forward and backward until it occupies the entire upper surface of the central free segment (1) of the cross.
  • the upper plate (157) For fixing the support frame of the rotation shaft (156) to the flotation assembly, such projecting surfaces of the upper plate (157) have drilled groups of vertical holes in the positions coinciding with those of the lower crosspieces (1), for use of the same types of screws, threaded rods or crossbars-floats (7) and crossbars-longitudinal U-bars (8).
  • the front and rear edges of the upper plate (157) can be bent down, or be joined or welded to a lower crossbar of U-shaped cross-section, in order to that some starters are obtained that fit exactly on the crossbars (1) to surround them and effectively gag them.
  • the width of the support frame of the rotation shaft (156) is preferably a segment, sufficient for a robust, compact and resistant structure, unless it is a larger version for mounting much larger structures, for which exceptionally it can be two or three segments wide.
  • the support frame of the pivot shaft (156) incorporates, in its central vertical longitudinal symmetry plane, a row of sturdy vertical tubes of rotation axis housing (159), all of them equal and of large diameter and wall thickness, among which you can choose in which of them to introduce and fix the pivot pivot of the flotation assembly in order to center, advance or delay it directly to the floating gangway as appropriate.
  • the upper metal plate (157) is drilled with holes
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) coinciding in diameter and position with each of these vertical tubes of rotation axis housing (159), to allow the introduction of the axis of rotation (160) of the assembly, while the thick bottom plate (158) is normally not drilled, to support its weight and that it does not fall down.
  • the axis of rotation (160) is a cylindrical tube of sufficient diameter and wall thickness to achieve the robustness that it needs, and especially a great resistance against bending, which adjusts exactly or with little clearance, to allow the greasing of the surfaces in contact, inside each one of the vertical tubes of accommodation of the axis of rotation (159), resting its lower end on the lower metal plate (158) closed of the support frame of the axis of rotation (156), thus transmitting a part of the weight of the platform section superior to the center of the flotation assembly.
  • a thick pivot bushing (161) can be inserted between the pivot shaft (160) and the lower metal plate (158), to favor and soften the mutual vertical rotation once greased.
  • the rotation axis (160) can, optionally, be fixed to the support frame of the rotation axis (156) to prevent accidental loss due to large vertical oscillations, using a thick horizontal pin (162) that crosses and holds together simultaneously the rotation axis (160) and the vertical tube of accommodation of the axis of rotation (159) in which it is housed, for which axis of rotation (160) and each and every one of the vertical tubes of accommodation of the axis of Turn (159) have horizontal holes made at the same height according to the direction of their diameters, to allow the accommodation of the aforementioned horizontal pin (162).
  • the lower metal plate (158) can have vertical holes made in positions coinciding with the center of each and every one of the vertical tubes of the rotation axis (159), but with a diameter smaller than that of the axis itself. turn (160) and the bushing (161) so that they do not fall, and that allow to enter vertically, inside and coinciding with the center of the axis of rotation (160) of the flotation assembly, a bar, pick or cylindrical strut that can be nailed vertically to the bottom, for the immobilization of the flotation assembly on its own axis of rotation with respect to the horizontal displacement.
  • a horizontal plate or disk of rotation (163) is placed on top. It is a circular plate, preferably metallic and of an appreciable thickness so that it does not bend easily and can withstand large weights and loads on it, with a central hole of diameter slightly larger than that of the axis of rotation (160), to be inserted on it resting on the upper metal plate (157) of the rotation support frame (156). While allowing the rotation, this element receives and distributes the weight of the entire structure that is above, indifferently to the angular orientation, on the support frame of the rotation axis (156) and crossbars (1), and hence the flotation sets. For this he has a great
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) diameter, both to cover the entire surface of the upper metal plate (157), and to provide in all orientations the greatest possible support distance to counteract all the movements that tend to flex or split the axis of rotation (160).
  • the rotation plate (163) receives the weight of the corresponding platform section through a rotating support piece of the upper platform section (164).
  • This element which has an approximate symmetrical box shape with respect to two longitudinal and transverse vertical planes, is very similar to the bar or metal beam on the shaft (149), only larger and more robust, because in this system the structural flotation units are concentrated in groups with a single axis of rotation (160) common to all of them, so that the separation between such assemblies, as well as the length of the sections or platform sections between them is greater.
  • It has an upper flat surface, only interrupted by a series of transverse grooves (150), and a lower flat surface, preferably smaller than the upper one to concentrate the weight and load of the platform section on the rotating plate (163) on which it rests, so that its length adapts to the diameter of the latter so that it does not touch or trip over other external elements that impede or hinder the freedom of rotation.
  • transverse grooves (150) of the same section as the transverse grooves (4), so that on them the crossbars (1) of the gangway can be perfectly coupled, which are aligned in parallel, by what the piece does of beam of transversal union between these.
  • the minimum number of such transverse grooves (150) is two, preferably they are presented from four onwards for, depending on the number of those used, the construction of narrow floating walkways or wider floating bridges.
  • transverse grooves (150) play the same role as the transverse grooves (4) of the structural flotation units, so they also have vertical holes in the same standardized matching positions for the housing of at least one set of the usual cross-float connecting screws (7), preferably threaded with the same diameter and thread pitch, and therefore preferably have a width of an entire number of segments, in any case of minus one, but enough to screw and support in its transverse grooves (150) an appreciable section of crossbars (1).
  • the rotating support part of the platform section (164) internally has a vertical cylindrical tube (165) that passes through its geometric and gravity center, crossing it from top to bottom completely, which can accommodate inside the upper end of the vertical axis of rotation (160), so that the piece can rotate freely around it without
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) Get out while resting your weight on the turntable (163).
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the rotating support part of the platform section (164) have two central holes with positions and internal diameter coinciding with those of the vertical cylindrical tube (165), which constitutes an important internal reinforcement element which connects the upper and lower surfaces and transfers the weight down, preventing the piece from crushing.
  • the vertical cylindrical tube (165) is larger in diameter than that of the pivot shaft (160), so that they are not introduced tightly but with some clearance to allow the optional introduction of greased supplementary bushings (166).
  • Such additional supplementary bushings (166) are placed greased and stacked on a column that surrounds the axis of rotation (160) and touches both this and the inner surface of the vertical cylindrical tube (165), so that they smooth the rotation movement, grease and strengthen the axis of rotation (160) and limit the movements of the assembly to only relative rotation along this same axis of vertical rotation (160).
  • the upper end of the axis of rotation (160) protrudes slightly above the upper surface of the rotating support piece of the platform section (164), so that it has the necessary length for this purpose, so that these two pieces they are held together, so that they do not come out vertically, by means of a horizontal pin (167), which crosses simultaneously through their diameters, through holes drilled for this purpose, the axis of rotation (160) and a washer or bushing (168) which has an outer diameter greater than that of the hole of the upper surface of the rotating support part of the platform section (164), acting as an upper vertical confinement stop.
  • Each flotation assembly can rotate freely around its axis of rotation (160) in relation to the platform, which can be maintained in a fixed position or orientation by means of anchoring elements to the appropriate shore, floor or bottom.
  • a series of vertical rear flaps (169) can be incorporated that enter the water and act as a rudder.
  • each float (2) can be small, to be individually fixed on the stern of each float (2), (67), (71), (72), (73), (74), (75), (76) by crossbars (1) coupled in the rear transverse grooves (77) (front transverse grooves (6) in the case of floats (2), which must be arranged inverted), or be a single larger rear flap (169), disposed on the central vertical longitudinal symmetry plane of each flotation assembly, with a support that fits on the back of the corresponding support frame of the pivot shaft (156), and which can optionally be extensible or telescopic to increase ease of rotation proportional to the width of the given flotation assembly. It will be taken into account in the assembly that such rear wings (169) increase the circular exclusion surface occupied by each flotation assembly.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) In this way it is possible to construct straight sections of the gangway or floating bridge, supported at least at its two ends on independent turning flotation assemblies. It is also possible to place one of the ends on the ground, so that the support frame of the axis of rotation (156) of this end does not rest on crossbars (1) attached to structural flotation units, but rests directly on the ground or joins the crossbars (1) to pedestals (40), (41), (42), (59), (60), (60), (62) with a large lower base, allowing it to maintain the axis vertically turning (160), using wedges to obtain horizontality, and weights, planks, struts, pickets and similar elements for complete immobilization.
  • the choice of the vertical tube of accommodation of the axis of rotation (159) in which the axis of rotation is placed (160), allows to center, or move forward or aft the floating gangway with respect to the floats (2), (67 ), (71), (72), (73), (74), (75), (76), in order to increase its support surface, and therefore its stability, if some are advanced and others are delayed , or oppose or counteract the pair of forces that the water drag exerts on the floating walkway.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) of tilt (170), which allows a certain limited angle to be tilted in both directions but only in the direction perpendicular to that of its longest side, so that the gangway can lean a limited angle only in its own direction to rise or descend, and not in the transverse direction.
  • Part of the supplementary tilting part (170) consists of a rectangular plate of approximately the same section and dimensions as the bottom surface of the rotating support part of the platform section (164), so that it can be perfectly coupled below this, with the help of a series of fixing screws of the supplementary tilting part (171), which are introduced and tightened from above or below through vertical threaded holes made in coincident positions both in the upper part and in the lower one to screw.
  • the rectangular plate has a central hole with a diameter greater than the axis of rotation (160) so that it can pass through it with extra perimeter space.
  • the rectangular plate of the additional tilting part (170) has on its lower face, arranged below the short sides and avoiding the central hole area for the rotation axis passage (160), two curved surfaces of equal and symmetrical rolling resting on the rotating plate (163).
  • Such curved rolling surfaces have an approximate shape of a cylinder segment cut by a plane perpendicular to its bases that does not necessarily pass through their diameter.
  • a single large toroidal or conical bushing (173) of inclined or rounded surfaces must be introduced instead, keeping the axis of rotation (160) centered at the base of the tube at all times.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) Short turn (172) must have the hole for the lower horizontal pin (167) or better the hole for the upper horizontal pin (174) colliding in a vertical direction, so that the tilting movement is possible.
  • a good optional modification is that the upper horizontal pin
  • the additional tilting part (170) thus provides, in addition to a second axis of rotational movement limited in the vertical direction, the transfer of weight to the horizontal rotation plate (163). If it is convenient to limit the angle of tilt or fix it in a certain position, the fixing screws of the additional tilt part (171) can be used, provided that these are sufficiently thick and robust, or present in the appropriate number to distribute The efforts between them all.
  • This joint is, however, very flexible and easier to assemble, and is suitable for combining it in assemblies in which the other end of the straight runway section uses a free horizontal turning joint limited to the vertical turning axis (160), so that at all times the flotation assembly of this end, its plate of
  • each rotating flotation assembly shares two ends of two adjacent sections of adjacent gangway or floating bridge, so that its long axis of rotation (179) serves as an independent relative axis of rotation, both for the floating elements and for each of the two straight sections of the platform, as a horizontal hinge.
  • the long axis of rotation (179) is longer than the normal axis of rotation (162), with a length sufficient to traverse not only a rotating support piece of the platform section (164) and a plate of turn (163), but two of each, placed one on top of the other.
  • the second rotating support piece of the platform section (164) is placed on top of the first resting on a second turning plate (163) that rests on the crossbars (1) and upper surface of the gangway that supports the piece rotating support of the lower platform section (164), so that a second straight section is articulated on the first, arranged in different planes.
  • this system is also one of the two that allows to articulate two or more straight sections of walkways or floating bridges in Y or in X of non-perpendicular arms, or more complicated structures, with the only requirement of putting Between the straight sections of the floating walkway arranged at different levels some supplements, ladders or ramps to be able to overcome them comfortably when traveling through them.
  • the rotating support part of the upper and / or lower platform section (164) can incorporate the additional tilting part (170), so that the joint achieved by each follows a single vertical axis or two axes of choice. In this way, it is possible to place sections of gangway inclined in an upward and downward direction between horizontal sections to overcome the slopes of the banks (c), so that their angles have opposite inclinations, or make all sections have the same meaning from
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) inclination when riding one over another, like a string of dominoes lying down (d).
  • the end of the flotation assembly is pushed over the water, to rotate it 180 ° floating, extending another section plus the length of the gangway or floating bridge, and repeating the process several times until reaching the other shore, always securing and immobilizing each section before building the next one.
  • the essential requirement is that it is possible to lay a cable, or better a set of parallel cables between the two shores, for which it is necessary to send a out to the other side so that a member of the team that has been able to access, or badly the same population to evacuate following the precise indications at a distance, securely fix the end of this cable or cables to surrounding elements such as trees or poles .
  • the first is that the flow of water, although extremely strong, is laminar and approximately continuous, and therefore without turbulence,
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) waves, vertical oscillations or sudden changes in water level along the route. In the second, the water flow is strong and turbulent, and all these additional complications occur.
  • the outboard motor of the boat placed aft, is not very operational, since it is designed to propel the boat forward and not in a transverse direction. If the drag force of the current is not excessive, the outboard motor or the rudder of the boat can be counterbalanced for a few moments so that it rotates to the other side in the desired direction of advance, to take advantage of the transverse component of the thrust force of the motor and move slowly in the desired direction, provided that it can be maintained in this orientation long enough and can take a certain angle in relation to the cable. Otherwise, to achieve the movement, it must be pulled by another cable or transverse displacement cables from the shore or from the boat itself, with the consequent physical effort, or with the use of traction motors from vehicles that wind the cable or cables on reels
  • a type of vessel that may be favorable under these conditions uses the apparently impractical oblique floats (129) in one piece, and optionally in some cases, the oblique floats (138) with intermediate parts (141), (142). Both, in addition to coupling the crossbars (1) according to standardized angles not perpendicular to them, are characterized by having their two ends pointed, so that the two can operate interchangeably as bows depending on the orientation of the boat.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) always approximately perpendicular to the direction of the current, but the oblique floats (129) will be at a certain angle relative to it. If the chosen angle of their transverse grooves (132), (133), (134) is adequate so that the inclination of the oblique floats (129) is optimal depending on the speed of the water flow, they may act as elements of passive propulsion, since by diverting the water flow to the desired side, the more the load that carries the vessel is more submerged, the transverse component of the water flow pushes or at least facilitates the movement of the vessel from one shore to another along the cable, especially if it is conveniently lubricated and strained so that it does not have bends or bends.
  • the boat makes better use of the transverse component of its thrust in the direction of the transverse cable and in the proper direction than without counter-turning it.
  • the oblique floats (129) allow easier displacement between the banks than normal boats, sometimes with little or no effort.
  • each pair of crossbars (1) is joined by assemblies of cross-float joint screws (7) and longitudinal U-bar crossbars (8) longer than normal, and their corresponding lock nuts.
  • the boat thus achieved is much more robust.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) rhomboidal (180). It is also of interest that the vessel be of an adequate size so that it can be turned around with the cooperation of several people, although several of these vessels must operate in parallel to accelerate evacuation if necessary.
  • the principle of this vessel can also be used in cases other than an emergency situation in which time is not such a decisive factor, for example, for the transport of cargo or passengers between the two banks of a river without employment of motors, without energy consumption and perhaps without the need for a pilot.
  • Several such ferries working in parallel could be operated with relatively little staff.
  • the boat uses instead of oblique floats (129), a good number of symmetric floats with four grooves (72) arranged in parallel, each provided with its corresponding pair of longitudinal U-bars (3), so that in all and each of its transverse grooves (4), (6), (77) there is placed a crossbar with central vertical axis (147) of the same number of segments as its corresponding float (72).
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) a cross-linked frame in the form of a flexible grid with a rhombus or rhomboid shape of varying angles, (square or rectangle if its angles are arranged at 90 °), which can be skewed by manually pushing the corners once on the shore, or by some gear system and upper cranks. In this way, the angle of the structural flotation units can be adjusted with respect to the direction of the water flow, so that once the vessel or raft is released from its moorings, the transverse component of the thrust moves it slowly but inexorably towards the other. side.
  • two or more crossbars (1) with cable passage end pieces (15) are screwed or welded to two or more of the crossbars (181), being traversed by the cable or set of parallel cables of guide.
  • the drag force of the water is excessive even for such ferries or rafts with oblique floats. Since the water copies the shape of the terrain on which it circulates, if it is very irregular the current will show strong level changes in the transverse direction to it, waves, turbulence, eddies, and in the case of the presence of cavities in the bottom that tend to retain and temporarily reservoir large amounts of water, hydrostatic tides of a certain periodicity. Under these conditions, normal vessels, even if they try to cross the current subject to a transverse cable, are very unprotected against overturning, and passengers are in danger of being fired by the strong shocks of the boat if they are not secured to it. Due to the vertical changes in the water level, the transverse cable must be placed in a relatively high position above the current, so that it is not submerged and tends to tense, break, or in turn drag and submerge the boat.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) it would allow to adapt to these extreme conditions, building a type of high-protection ferry that could take advantage of the disadvantages of the situation and partially take advantage of the water's own pushing force to propel itself in the direction of the cable, towards one shore or another, without need of engines. It is about perfecting the indifferent vessels to free-spin dump using rigid cyclic polygonal frames (32) in the form of regular equilateral and equilateral polygons, adding other elements and parts already exposed above. For this, four (at least) equal rigid cyclic regular polygonal frames (32) are arranged mutually, arranged in parallel vertical planes, on the at least four transverse grooves (4), (6), (77) of closed symmetrical floats (72).
  • each of the longitudinal bars (122) is one of its edges perpendicular to the plane of its bases. Since this structure is screwed in turn on the flotation elements and on the longitudinal U-bars (3), which in turn make mutual angular lateral contact with each other, the structure obtained is very resistant against deformations and torsions.
  • the floats (85) with pneumatic section allow the construction of lighter and more manageable structures, but less resistant and durable than those that can be built with symmetrical closed solid floats (72) and (73), so they will be coupled one or the other of your choice, or depending on your availability.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) own long longitudinal bars (122), an adjustable baking radial frame (116) is attached and coupled (or instead a more robust and resistant version of this element for this specific use) of the same number of radial arms as the sides or vertices have the rigid cyclic regular polygonal frames (32) on the outer face, with respect to the constructed metal prismatic framework, of each of the two rigid cyclic regular polygonal frames (32) cited that are mounted in outer positions in the prismatic structure , and therefore constitute the bases in the form of a regular polygon of the same.
  • the two outer adjustable adjustable baking frames (116) provide two coaxial longitudinal holes arranged exactly on the main longitudinal axis of symmetry of the regular rigid prismatic structure, by which to introduce, following this axis, a thick and very resistant cylindrical tubular bar that acts as an axis of rotation of the entire structure, in addition to further strengthening the entire assembly.
  • the cable or set of parallel cables for securing and transferring the floating structure between the two shores, conveniently tensioned and lubricated for this function, using the suitable parts in intermediate positions and terminals for the guide the cables along the mentioned bar.
  • the exterior of the same is heavily padded to avoid damaging passengers who, during the transfer process, are housed inside the structure attached to the aforementioned bar, while the rest of the set, to Robust protective floating cage mode, rotates or can rotate around it.
  • the inner surfaces are also padded, being able to attach mattresses or pneumatic elements (109) on the longitudinal U-bars (3) that constitute the inner peripheral faces of the central prismatic tubular hollow, provided there is sufficient space for the placement of the passengers
  • the passengers are hung, by means of a series of seats or safety harnesses with adequate padded protections, from the padded central bar, picking up their legs towards the abdomen if necessary, depending on the available space and the diameter of the built structure, so that Do not bump into the periphery in rotation.
  • passengers are preferably placed with the chest and arms or with the back in contact or in a position close to the central padded bar, without the possibility of the neck, skull or other delicate vital parts
  • This robust floating cage with a rotating peripheral hull in the form of a capsule or rugby ball, lacks a preferred vertical orientation, so it cannot tip over, but turn freely while floating in relation to its axis or center bar, which will always tend to adopt or recover a direction according to a horizontal plane, unless by accidental internal displacement of the load its center of gravity is accidentally very displaced towards one side.
  • Passengers firmly attached to the central bar, which is the least moving element of the assembly, and surrounded by padded protections, can not be fired except by breakage or voluntary opening of the harnesses, and still could not easily leave of the cage, but they would be rolling inside the cylindrical padded interior, where the presence of additional fasteners, such as additional flexible handles to which they could be attached if necessary, would help them to return to the central bar and resist the necessary time in the inside the structure on the periphery of the central tubular prismatic hollow.
  • the capsule has a series of dynamic stabilizing effects that are even more interesting.
  • the torque is very large, but instead of producing uncontrolled headings such as in the case of a normal boat, it translates into a movement of rotation of the hull around the passengers, so that the greater the force of tangential thrust on the periphery of the capsule, the greater the speed of rotation of the same, with what Instead of alternating periods of immersion and stay in the air, the capsule is stabilized in an averaged state at half immersion, while rolling above the current, repelling or damping water blows and dragged objects.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) pins and to the transverse holes of the radial frames of adjustable baking (116).
  • the placement of the transverse cable can be used in a slightly oblique arrangement with respect to the current, placing the end of the cable on the shore from which the capsule is more advanced with respect to the current than the end on the arrival shore, so that not being perpendicular, a certain transverse component of the water thrust is generated that moves the capsule in the desired direction while It rotates with the passengers inside, without the help of auxiliary cables or motors, this component being the greater the greater the separation distance between the ends of the cable measured in a direction parallel to that of the current.
  • oblique radial blades (184) are added that are placed in a symmetrically radial distribution, in the same positions and with the same anchoring shape as the extensible or telescopic feet (118), inside the radial arms of the radial racks of adjustable baking (116) outside, with ability to move and fix along them.
  • These elements consist of a square bar that can be introduced tightly and fixed at certain radial distances, preferably equal, by means of pins along the tubular holes of such radial arms, with a square blade at one of its ends welded at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the faces of said square bar.
  • Adjustable baking (116) will cooperate all of them simultaneously, so that the longitudinal component of the water thrust on them will rotate the capsule, and the transverse component will push it in the desired direction along the cable, more independently with regarding the placement of cable ends.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) the load or the passengers, it is enough to remove all the oblique radial blades (184) and reposition them rotated 90 ° to reverse the direction of the water thrust, for which their bars have drilled two equal longitudinal rows of holes that cross them completely perpendicularly to each pair of opposite faces of the aforementioned bars, to allow easy placement in either of the two orientations.
  • the floats (72), (73), (85) are symmetrical with respect to a plane of central vertical transverse symmetry, their two ends are equal and indifferent, so they will have the same behavior in a sense of displacement such as on the other, although asymmetric closed floats (71) can be used instead at the expense of uneven behavior according to their direction of travel.
  • the first is a type of supplementary floats (185) in the form of a triangular prism, which fits between each two floats (72), (73), (or (71)) adjacent. It could also fit, with certain problems, between partially pneumatic floats (85).
  • the faces that constitute the bases of the prism are in the form of an equilateral or isosceles triangle, with previously calculated angles so that such supplementary floats (185) can fit perfectly, without gaps, in the hole in the form of a triangular recess that remains between each two adjacent floats (71), (72), (73) once these are mounted in the capsule, thus increasing buoyancy and decreasing bending efforts by the thrust of water on the structural flotation units by laterally supporting elements on others successively cyclically Since the values of these angles and therefore the characteristics of the piece depend on the number of polygonal sides of the rigid cyclic regular polygonal frames (32) used and the angle of each of its vertices, the type of each of these two Used parts are interrelated, so they must be carefully selected so that when they are used they are compatible and fit.
  • the supplementary floats (185) have, optionally, a longitudinal hole that crosses them completely in a position close to the vertex that enters between the two floats (71), (72), (73) to be able to join the assembly using the bars longitudinal (122) and their corresponding terminal pins.
  • the supplementary floats (185) can be replaced by pneumatic supplementary floats (186), which allow to save weight and volume in transport, which are coupled by means of eyelets, seams or straps to their corresponding longitudinal bar (122) or to the nearby vertices of the rigid cyclic regular polygonal racks (32).
  • Another optional element is two lateral sliding covers of radial symmetry (187), consisting of one piece or several, (preferably two), which prevent water from entering both sides in large quantities inside the prismatic tubular hollow by immersion sudden capsule, while incorporating padded interior elements for
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) protection of passengers and preventing them from getting fired between the openings of the arms of the radial frames of adjustable baking (116). In addition, they hold each other's ends together or some of the floats (71), (72), (73), (85), preventing them from separating from each other.
  • the radial symmetry side sliding covers (187) are regular polygon-shaped pieces of the same number of sides as the rigid cyclic regular polygonal frames (32) used in the assembly, or several of them equal arranged radially symmetrically with respect to the center, so that the single piece or the assembly, arranged along a plane parallel to that of the rigid cyclic regular polygonal frames (32) and introduced in the direction of the main longitudinal axis of symmetry of the capsule into the prismatic tubular hollow of the structure, they coincide exactly with the imaginary interior surfaces of the said prismatic tubular hollow, which correspond in reality with the upper surfaces of the floats (71), (72), (73), (85) and the inner faces in radial direction of the rigid cyclic regular polygonal frames (32), fitting between and on them tightly and without gaps.
  • the radial sliding side covers (187) have radially symmetrical and coincident perimetral openings, to be able to fit into them without gaps with the ability to slide longitudinally along the main axis of symmetry of the capsule, to the position of the transverse stop of the longitudinal guides themselves (11) , (78).
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26)
  • the complexity of the structure and its lower robustness will not make them feasible except in some exceptional case of assembly, preparation and / or previous placement in anticipation of an extraordinarily rapid evacuation of a large number of people in case of need, or in places of placement permanent as leisure attractions or in tourist places with strong, frequent or unpredictable water currents.
  • these assemblies there is not a single rigidly shaped cyclic structure of optional supplementary float structural units and floats (185), but there are or may be several of them, independently rotated, arranged one immediately after the other until the length is completed. necessary between the two banks, leaving gaps or certain separating elements between them to prevent them from rubbing and tripping each other when turning.
  • a single, much longer, rigid, shaped cyclic structure can also be constructed, which is obtained by consecutively offsetting some of the rigid cyclic regular polygonal racks (32) in consecutive assembly to occupy positions in the next or following of them, It deforms similar to the two-dimensional interlocking structures seen in Figure 18, except that in a regular cylindrical regular polygonal tubular structure, which can be lengthened to values at which the strength of the structure begins to be compromised. Passengers, unlike the previous case, must travel on their own foot along a horizontal walkway that runs longitudinally through the longitudinal interior of the structure, while the peripheral hull is or may be rotating around it.
  • such a horizontal walkway is located inside a large three-dimensional prismatic frame (188), which is placed inside and along the or of each and every one of the regular prismatic tubular interior holes of each and every one of the floating capsules of rotary peripheral hull, placed one after the other until completing with their number the entire length existing between the two anchor points to the banks.
  • the rectangular modular platforms (101) of each and every one of the structural flotation units have been replaced by rectangular modular curved platforms (189), all with the same outer perimeter, dimensions, holes and anchoring positions as normal to be able to fit in a compatible way on the longitudinal U-bars ( 3) or rectangular frames or frames (99), with the particularity that their upper surface is not flat as in those, but curved in a longitudinal direction, so that each of them constitutes a tube or cylindrical hollow sector of the same angle value as that corresponding to the division of a complete circle by the number of sides of the bas Rigid cyclic regular polygonal tidores (32) equal used in the assembly.
  • the floating subunit of peripheral rotating helmet is assembled with all
  • rolling interior elements (190) are arranged rigidly attached thereto, so that their axes of rotation are all parallel with respect to the axis of main symmetry and longitudinal rotation of the or each and every one of the floating subunits of rotary peripheral hull , and therefore with respect to their respective internal longitudinal cylindrical gaps, and in addition they are grouped into several different coaxial groups that are angularly separated according to a transverse plane to this axis of main symmetry and rotation to ensure a relative relative rolling contact on different perimeter points , centered, coaxial and stable without gaps between such rolling interior elements (190) and the inner surface of the internal longitudinal cylindrical hollow constituted by all rectangular curved modular platforms (189) of each floating subunit.
  • the floating regular polygonal peripheral hull floating catwalks lack radial racks with adjustable shape (116), which if placed would prevent or hinder the rapid transit of people to evacuate through them, but at the same time it is possible its independent rotation, as a consequence of the thrust of the water flow, with respect to the three-dimensional prismatic frame (188) and with respect to other floating subunits if there is more than one.
  • all are arranged around a single three-dimensional prismatic frame (188), common to all of them, which is arranged between the two shores as a floating rigid bridge, or each one around its own corresponding section thereof, so that the different sections can be joined by flexible transverse cables anchored between the banks or other flexible joints.
  • the frame or three-dimensional prismatic frames (188) are weighted in their lower part by means of easily placed and removable weights, or they have transverse bars with additional weights that can be can be placed at adjustable distances with which to produce an adjustable pair of forces that counteract the drag in the turn due to rolling making contact on the rotating periphery, while the sides are protected by bars and grilles that separate the passers-by of the interior elements
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) d rolling (190) and the elements of the peripheral hull in rotation, while one or several upper longitudinal bars allow these passersby to use a harness, vest, or at least one strap, with one or better two upper hooks for stay held in an upright position, without the possibility of slipping or falling, while crossing the interior of the structure even with sudden movements, so that when moving from a section of three-dimensional prismatic frame (188) to the next, one of the hooks it is changed to the top bar of the consecutive one while the other remains in the one during the short period in which the change is made, in turn to secure the two hooks in the bar of the next section, proceeding successively until completing the crossing until the other side.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un ensemble d'éléments modulaires qui est prévu pour l'assemblage d'embarcations à flotteurs multiples, par accouplement d'unités identiques, de construction standard et de transport facile, et qui comprend plusieurs flotteurs (2) reliés par des entretoises (1) engagées dans des rainures transversales (4) et comportant des barres longitudinales doubles en forme de U (3) qui à leur tour se logent dans des rainures transversales (5) et empêchent le désaccouplement des entretoises (1). L'invention comprend également des plateformes rectangulaires modulaires qui reposent sur la surface plane supérieure des entretoises (1), des vis d'assemblage entretoises-flotteurs (7), entretoises-barres longitudinales en U (8) et flotteurs-barres longitudinales en U (9), de sorte qu'en enlevant deux de ces types de vis (7), (8), ou (9) on libère un des trois types de pièces constitutives principales relativement aux deux autres, qui restent réunies par l'intermédiaire du troisième ensemble de vis, ainsi que d'autres pièces de tout type qui permettent de construire des embarcations de diverses manières et pour diverses utilisations.
PCT/ES2011/000272 2010-09-11 2011-09-10 Ensemble d'éléments et de pièces pour le montage, l'agrandissement et la reconversion modulaire rapide et réversible d'embarcations, de radeaux, de passerelles, de ponts flottants et de structures flottantes provisoires comprenant plusieurs flotteurs, particulièrement pour des urgences dans un environnement aquatique WO2012032198A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11823103.4A EP2679482A4 (fr) 2010-09-11 2011-09-10 Ensemble d'éléments et de pièces pour le montage, l'agrandissement et la reconversion modulaire rapide et réversible d'embarcations, de radeaux, de passerelles, de ponts flottants et de structures flottantes provisoires comprenant plusieurs flotteurs, particulièrement pour des urgences dans un environnement aquatique

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP201001195 2010-09-11
ES201001195A ES2405704B1 (es) 2010-09-11 2010-09-11 Conjunto de elementos de montaje y unión de embarcaciones y estructuras flotantes de construcción modular

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012032198A2 true WO2012032198A2 (fr) 2012-03-15
WO2012032198A3 WO2012032198A3 (fr) 2012-04-26

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CN113371843A (zh) * 2021-07-14 2021-09-10 上海新园林实业有限公司 一种基于河道复合生态系统对低污染水的处理装置及方法
CN114267082A (zh) * 2021-09-16 2022-04-01 南京邮电大学 基于深度理解的桥侧坠落行为识别方法
CN115116316A (zh) * 2022-06-18 2022-09-27 北京格林美尔科技有限公司 一种船舶舰艇火灾模拟舱
WO2022227795A1 (fr) * 2021-04-26 2022-11-03 江苏大学 Bateau amorceur amphibie agricole capable de traverser des bassins et procédé de commande
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CN107539421A (zh) * 2016-06-27 2018-01-05 广州市昊力工具有限公司 一种大型组合船体快速连接器及其安装方法
US11807345B2 (en) 2020-04-14 2023-11-07 Tillicum International, Inc. Modular flotation device
US11892833B2 (en) 2021-04-26 2024-02-06 Jiangsu University Agricultural amphibious bait feeding boat capable of moving between ponds and method for controlling same
WO2022227795A1 (fr) * 2021-04-26 2022-11-03 江苏大学 Bateau amorceur amphibie agricole capable de traverser des bassins et procédé de commande
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GB2610950B (en) * 2021-04-26 2024-04-24 Univ Jiangsu Agricultural amphibious bait feeding boat capable of moving between ponds and method for controlling same
CN113371843A (zh) * 2021-07-14 2021-09-10 上海新园林实业有限公司 一种基于河道复合生态系统对低污染水的处理装置及方法
CN113371843B (zh) * 2021-07-14 2022-09-30 上海新园林实业有限公司 一种基于河道复合生态系统对低污染水的处理装置及方法
CN114267082A (zh) * 2021-09-16 2022-04-01 南京邮电大学 基于深度理解的桥侧坠落行为识别方法
CN114267082B (zh) * 2021-09-16 2023-08-11 南京邮电大学 基于深度理解的桥侧坠落行为识别方法
CN115116316A (zh) * 2022-06-18 2022-09-27 北京格林美尔科技有限公司 一种船舶舰艇火灾模拟舱
CN115116316B (zh) * 2022-06-18 2023-12-12 北京格林美尔科技有限公司 一种船舶舰艇火灾模拟舱
CN118048841A (zh) * 2024-04-16 2024-05-17 武汉理工大学 自适应模块化智能组合浮桥及自动架设方法

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EP2679482A2 (fr) 2014-01-01
WO2012032198A3 (fr) 2012-04-26
ES2405704A1 (es) 2013-06-03
EP2679482A4 (fr) 2018-02-21
ES2405704B1 (es) 2014-03-26

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