WO2012011420A1 - 流体中の微粒子検出装置及び検出方法 - Google Patents
流体中の微粒子検出装置及び検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012011420A1 WO2012011420A1 PCT/JP2011/065996 JP2011065996W WO2012011420A1 WO 2012011420 A1 WO2012011420 A1 WO 2012011420A1 JP 2011065996 W JP2011065996 W JP 2011065996W WO 2012011420 A1 WO2012011420 A1 WO 2012011420A1
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- flow path
- fine particles
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 162
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 81
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/075—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a particle detection device and detection method in a fluid, and more particularly to a particle detection device and detection method for particles contained in supercritical or liquid phase high-pressure carbon dioxide.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for performing a direct spectroscopic method with a high-pressure fluid.
- two branch pipes are provided in the pipe through which the high-pressure fluid flows, and these branch pipes are connected to both sides of the filter holder. Since the filter receives the pressure of the high-pressure fluid from both sides, the pressure is canceled out and a large pressure is prevented from being applied to the filter and the filter holder.
- PC method particle counter method that detects fine particles using scattering of laser light
- Patent Document 2 a particle counter method that detects fine particles using scattering of laser light
- the fluid to be measured is passed through a light-transmitting hollow member called a flow cell.
- a side surface of the flow cell is irradiated with laser light, and a photoelectric converter installed on the opposite side across the flow cell detects scattered light of the laser light to measure the particle size and number of fine particles.
- Fine particles in an aerosol state may be introduced into the flow cell (dry PC method), or a liquid containing fine particles may be introduced (wet PC method).
- the PC method can be evaluated online, and quick measurement is easy.
- the flow cell uses a special material such as quartz or sapphire, it is difficult to increase the pressure resistance.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 As a method similar to the PC method, a method called a condensed particle counter method (CPC method) is also known (Patent Documents 3 and 4). In this method, alcohol vapor and water vapor are condensed and grown around fine particles using fine particles as nuclei. The condensed and grown aerosol is introduced into the flow cell, and the number of aerosols is measured by a condensed particle counter. There is a problem similar to the PC method regarding the pressure resistance performance of the flow cell. Although it is a technique related to the PC method, Patent Document 5 discloses a flow cell in which the cross-sectional shape of the flow path is configured with a curved surface in order to improve the pressure resistance performance of the flow cell.
- CPC method condensed particle counter method
- JP 2009-52981 A Patent No. 3530078 JP 2000-180342 A JP 2007-57532 A JP 2008-224342 A
- the direct microscopic method can handle a high-pressure fluid to be processed using the technique of Patent Document 1.
- the direct spectroscopic method is not suitable for continuous measurement, and rapid measurement is difficult.
- the PC method and the CPC method require high reliability in the pressure resistance of the flow cell, and there is a limit to the applicable pressure.
- the above-mentioned problem can be solved by measuring the fluid under reduced pressure.
- a known member such as a pressure reducing valve can be used to decompress the fluid.
- a member since such a member generates fine particles such as metal powder with the operation, high measurement accuracy cannot be realized.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an in-fluid particle detection device and a detection method capable of detecting particles contained in a high-pressure fluid with high accuracy and efficiency.
- the particulate detection device in the fluid has a fluid supply unit to which the fluid to be measured is supplied, one end connected to the fluid supply unit, and the flow path is narrowed with respect to the fluid supply unit A flow path reduction pipe, and a fine particle detection means connected to the other end of the flow path reduction pipe for detecting the fine particles flowing from the flow path reduction pipe.
- the flow path reduction tube is narrowed with respect to the fluid supply part. For this reason, the flow path reducing tube can depressurize the fluid to be measured by the throttling effect, and can gradually reduce the pressure of the fluid to be measured by the friction loss between the inner wall of the flow path reducing tube and the fluid to be measured. Since the reduced pressure fluid is introduced into the particulate detection means, the problem of pressure resistance of the members hardly occurs, and the detection means that has been conventionally applied to the low pressure fluid can be used as it is. Moreover, since the flow path reduction tube has no moving parts and can gradually reduce the pressure, there is no risk of generation of fine particles such as metal powder due to operation, and even a small amount of fine particles can be measured with high accuracy. it can. Since the fluid to be measured supplied from the fluid supply unit can be continuously introduced into the particulate detection means via the flow path reduction tube, efficient measurement is also possible.
- a method for detecting particulates in a fluid includes a step of supplying a fluid to be measured by a fluid supply unit, and a flow path of the supplied fluid to be measured is narrowed with respect to the fluid supply unit.
- the method includes a step of reducing the pressure of the fluid to be measured by passing through the flow path reducing tube, and a step of detecting fine particles contained in the pressure-reduced fluid to be measured.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a carbon dioxide supply facility 1 as an example. Liquid carbon dioxide is stored in the CO 2 cylinder 2.
- Liquid carbon dioxide stored in the CO 2 cylinder 2 is filtered by the metal gas filter 3 a and introduced into the condenser 4. Carbon dioxide is condensed in the condenser 4 and sent to the CO 2 tank 5. The carbon dioxide in the CO 2 tank 5 is once supercooled by the precooler 6 to be liquid carbon dioxide. The reason for supercooling by the precooler 6 is to prevent gaseous carbon dioxide from being generated by the subsequent circulation pump 7. Carbon dioxide is boosted by the circulation pump 7, filtered by the metal gas filter 8, and becomes clean high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide, which is sent to a use point (not shown) through the valve 12d.
- the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide that has not been used is expanded on the outlet side of the pressure-holding valve 9 and further converted into a gas phase by the evaporator 10. This is to increase the particle removal efficiency in the latter metal gas filter 3b.
- the carbon dioxide supply facility is configured to supply high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide to the use point as necessary while carbon dioxide circulates along the circulation loop.
- the supercritical carbon dioxide supply facility can have the same configuration except that liquid carbon dioxide is heated to a temperature higher than the critical temperature.
- the particle detector 11 can be provided at any position on the line of the carbon dioxide supply facility 1.
- the illustrated sampling points P1 to P3 are an outlet part of the metal gas filter 8, a bottom part of the CO 2 tank 5, and an outlet part of the metal gas filter 3b.
- the particle detector 11 is connected to the carbon dioxide supply facility 1 via valves 12a to 12c.
- the fine particle detection device 11 detects fine particles contained in carbon dioxide flowing from the sampling points P1 to P3.
- the pressure of carbon dioxide at the sampling points P1 to P3 is not limited, but according to the present invention, high-pressure carbon dioxide having a pressure of 1 MPa or more can be taken out.
- FIG. 2A shows a schematic configuration diagram of the particle detector 11.
- the particle detector 11 includes, for example, a fluid supply unit 13 configured by a pipe having a predetermined inner diameter to which a fluid to be measured is supplied, a flow path reducing tube 14 that is a decompression unit, and a particle detector 15. Yes.
- the broken line in the figure schematically shows the flow of carbon dioxide.
- One end of the fluid supply unit 13 is connected to the carbon dioxide supply facility 1 via valves 12 a to 12 c, and the other end is connected to the flow path reducing tube 14.
- Supercritical, liquid or gaseous high-pressure carbon dioxide is continuously supplied to the flow path reduction tube 14 through the fluid supply unit 13.
- the fluid supply unit 13 is shown as a pipe in FIG. 2A, a pipe such as a steel pipe, a high-pressure tube, a joint, or the like can be selected depending on the status of the valves 12a to 12c (measurement points).
- the fluid supply unit 13 shown in FIG. 2A can be eliminated, and the valves 12a to 12c can be directly connected to the flow path reducing tube 14 so that the valves 12a to 12c function as the fluid supply unit.
- the flow path reduction pipe 14 may be directly connected to the circulation loop (mother pipe) of the carbon dioxide supply facility 1 via a joint or the like, and the circulation loop (mother pipe) itself may function as a fluid supply unit.
- the flow path reducing tube 14 only needs to be narrowed with respect to the fluid supply unit 13.
- a pressure holding valve (not shown) may be provided, and a constant flow rate of high pressure carbon dioxide may be supplied to the flow path reducing pipe 14 by adjusting the pressure holding valve.
- the one end 14 a of the flow path reducing tube 14 is connected to the fluid supply unit 13, and the other end 14 b of the flow path reducing tube 14 is connected to the particulate detection means 15.
- the connection method between the flow path reducing tube 14 and the particulate detection means 15 is not particularly limited and can be connected via a pipe, a joint, a valve, or the like, but from the viewpoint of temperature control described later, It is preferable that the distance from the particulate detection means 15 is as short as possible, and that there are few joints, valves, etc. from the viewpoint of preventing unnecessary particulate generation.
- the flow path reducing pipe 14 and the particulate detection means 15 may be connected via a branch pipe for discharging a part of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
- the flow path reducing pipe 14 has a flow path constricted with respect to the fluid supply unit 13 and depressurizes supercritical, liquid, or gaseous carbon dioxide by a throttling effect and friction loss.
- the flow path reducing tube 14 is not particularly limited as long as the fluid to be measured can be depressurized by such a throttling effect and friction loss.
- a metal tube or a capillary tube can be used.
- the flow path reduction tube 14 can be made of various types of stainless steel, tungsten, kovar, titanium, brass, phosphor bronze, phosphorous deoxidized copper, etc., but cleanliness in the measurement of fine particles in the fluid (ease of surface treatment in the tube) Stainless steel is preferred from the viewpoint of ease of processing.
- the flow path area and length of the flow path reduction pipe 14 can be appropriately set according to the supply pressure of high-pressure carbon dioxide, the pressure after decompression, and the required flow rate.
- the inner diameter is preferably 100 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 200 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the length of the flow path reducing tube 14 is preferably 0.1 to 500 m, more preferably 0.5 to 100 m. Since the flow path reducing pipe 14 gradually reduces the pressure of the high-pressure carbon dioxide without causing a rapid pressure drop, the pipe length is very long compared to the inner diameter.
- the ratio of the pipe length to the inner diameter is 10 or more and 5000000 or less.
- a more preferable ratio of the pipe length to the inner diameter is 100 or more and 500,000 or less. For this reason, it may be difficult to provide linearly from a viewpoint of installation space. In that case, the installation space can be reduced by deforming by an appropriate method such as bending in a spiral shape or winding in a circular shape (see FIG. 2B).
- heaters 16a and 16b for heating the flow path reducing tube 14 are provided.
- the installation positions of the heaters 16a and 16b are not limited to this, and may be provided only in the vicinity of the inlet or the outlet of the flow path reducing pipe 14, or may be provided in other positions.
- the types of the heaters 16a and 16b are not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a coil-shaped heater around which the flow path reducing tube 14 is wound, a ribbon heater (ribbon-shaped heater), or the like. However, as shown in FIG.
- the heaters 16a and 16b at least at the unfolded portion with the inlet side and the outlet side unfolded. Moreover, you may heat the whole channel reduction pipe
- Thermometers 17a and 17b for measuring the temperature of carbon dioxide are installed adjacent to the heaters 16a and 16b.
- the heaters 16a and 16b and the thermometers 17a and 17b are connected to a control device 18 that adjusts the temperature of the fluid.
- thermocouples can be used as the thermometers 17a and 17b.
- the temperature measuring units of the thermometers 17a and 17b may be inside the flow path reducing tube 14, but are preferably provided on the outer surface of the flow path reducing tube 14 in order to prevent generation of fine particles.
- the control device 18 controls the amount of heat generated by the heaters 16a and 16b according to the measurement results of the thermometers 17a and 17b.
- control device 18 detects the particulate matter in the gas phase containing a very small amount of solid phase or liquid phase so that carbon dioxide does not significantly affect the detection of the particulate matter from the flow path reduction tube 14 or the particulate matter.
- the carbon dioxide flowing inside the flow path reducing tube 14 is maintained at a predetermined temperature so as to flow into the means 15.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a ph diagram of carbon dioxide.
- the horizontal axis represents enthalpy (h), and the vertical axis represents pressure (p).
- a broken line shows an isotherm, and the temperature is higher on the right side and lower on the left side.
- gas phase carbon dioxide is supplied to the particulate detection means 15, particulates are detected based on the dry PC method or the CPC method, as will be described later.
- the heaters 16a and 16b are intended to heat carbon dioxide so that fine particles are detected in a gas phase.
- the purpose of the heaters 16a and 16b is also to keep the temperature of carbon dioxide introduced into the detector constant. Therefore, the heaters 16 a and 16 b are not necessarily provided in the flow path reducing tube 14, and can be provided in the vicinity of the inlet of the particulate detection means 15.
- the flow path reducing pipe 14 is a pipe and has a simple structure, the heater can be easily installed.
- the inner diameter of the flow path reduction tube 14 is increased, the throttling effect is reduced and the degree of decompression is reduced. Similarly, if the pipe length of the flow path reducing pipe 14 is shortened, the degree of decompression is reduced.
- the adjustment of the pipe length and the flow path area (inner diameter) of the flow path reduction pipe 14 and the temperature control of the flow path reduction pipe 14 by the heaters 16a and 16b can be performed together. Even when the flow path area and length of the flow path reducing pipe 14 are optimized, it is more preferable to control the temperature of the flow path reducing pipe 14 in order to avoid a gas-solid mixed state or a gas-liquid mixed state.
- the pressure reducing method using the flow path reducing pipe 14 does not require a mechanically operating portion like a conventional pressure reducing valve, there is no generation of fine particles such as metal powder in accordance with the operation. For this reason, the fine particles contained in carbon dioxide can be detected with high accuracy.
- a filter as another decompression method, since the filter repeats adhesion and separation of fine particles during long-time use, precise measurement is difficult.
- the depressurization method using the flow path reduction tube 14 hardly causes generation of fine particles such as metal powder, which becomes a contamination source (or a cause for increasing the number of blank fine particles) for the fine particle detection means 15, and enables highly accurate measurement. It is.
- the flow path area (inner diameter) and the total length of the flow path reduction tube 14 are adjusted and the temperature is controlled by the heaters 16a and 16b, it is less affected by the temperature and pressure conditions of the sampling points P1 to P3 and is stable. This makes it possible to detect fine particles with high accuracy.
- Another advantage of the flow path reduction pipe 14 is that the heat transfer area is very large due to the long pipe length. For this reason, the degree of freedom in setting the heating range is high, and a wide range in which temperature control is possible can be ensured, so fine temperature control is possible. Since it has a large heat transfer area, carbon dioxide can be maintained in a desired temperature range without necessarily providing a heater depending on the external environment temperature. Since the pressure reducing valves and filters are substantially concentrated at one point, it is difficult to control the temperature precisely. Further, the flow path reducing tube 14 has a simple structure, high reliability, low necessity for maintenance, and is advantageous in terms of cost.
- the fine particle detection means 15 detects the fine particles flowing from the flow path reducing tube 14.
- the supercritical, liquid or gaseous carbon dioxide is in the gas phase after being depressurized by the flow path reduction tube 14, and the fine particles originally contained in the carbon dioxide are present in the gas phase.
- the gas phase carbon dioxide containing the fine particles is introduced into the fine particle detection means 15, and the fine particles contained in the gas phase carbon dioxide are detected.
- a dry PC method or a CPC method can be used as such a particle detector.
- the fine particle detection means 15 by dry PC method has means for irradiating the fine particles with laser light and means for detecting scattered light of the laser light from the fine particles.
- laser light generated by a semiconductor laser is irradiated to fine particles in a gas phase, and direct scattered light from the fine particles is detected.
- FIG. 2 shows the particulate detection means 15 based on the CPC method.
- the particulate detection means 15 has a condensation chamber 20 provided with a supply port 20a for a vapor such as alcohol.
- the fine particles are introduced into a condensation chamber 20 in a supersaturated atmosphere such as alcohol, and vapor such as alcohol condenses and grows with the fine particles as a nucleus.
- a downstream side of the condensing chamber 20 is a flow cell 21 made of a material that can transmit laser light.
- a semiconductor laser 22 that irradiates laser light onto vapor-condensed and grown fine particles and a photoelectric converter 23 that detects scattered light of laser light from the vapor-condensed and grown fine particles are disposed. ing.
- the fine particles become aerosols (droplets) condensed and grown by vapor deposition, and the droplets are irradiated with laser light.
- the particle size of the droplet is increased to a level that can be measured by the light scattering method, and the number (concentration) of fine particles is measured by the light scattering method. For this reason, the CPC method can detect fine particles having a smaller particle diameter than the dry PC method.
- the dry PC method directly irradiates fine particles with laser light, the particle size distribution of the fine particles can be obtained.
- a pump is installed on the downstream side of the particulate detection means 15 to introduce a fluid to be measured having an appropriate flow rate and flow rate into the particulate detection means 15, and the atmosphere upstream of the particulate detection means 15.
- An opening means may be provided to exhaust the fluid that is not introduced into the particulate detection means 15.
- the pump may be provided between the fine particle detection means 15 and the atmospheric release means, but since the fine particles generated from the pump may be introduced into the fine particle detection means 15, it is provided downstream of the fine particle detection means 15. preferable.
- Fig. 4 shows the flow chart in the example.
- high-pressure carbon dioxide filtered with a metal gas filter (filtration accuracy: 0.003 ⁇ m) manufactured by Pureron Japan Co., Ltd. was used.
- the high-pressure carbon dioxide was continuously supplied to the flow path reducing tube 14 serving as a decompression unit through a fluid supply unit having an inner diameter of 4.35 mm.
- a branch pipe 19 was provided in the fluid supply part of high-pressure carbon dioxide, and a part of the carbon dioxide was exhausted through the pressure holding valve 20.
- the set pressure of the pressure holding valve 20 was 9 MPa, and high-pressure carbon dioxide at a constant flow rate (3 g / min) was supplied to the flow path reduction tube 14.
- the flow path reducing tube 14 was made of SUS316 with a tube diameter of ⁇ 200 ⁇ m and a tube length of 30 m.
- the flow path reducing tube 14 was wound in a circular shape of ⁇ 48 cm and bundled, and both ends were unwound.
- the heaters 16a and 16b were installed at two locations near the inlet and the outlet of the flow path reducing pipe 14, and the temperatures were controlled so that the outer surface temperatures of the flow path reducing pipe 14 were 60 ° C and 30 ° C, respectively.
- a ribbon heater having a width of 4 cm and a length of 3 m is prepared as the heater 16a, attached along the part where the flow path reducing pipe 14 is unwound from the start end of the flow path reducing pipe 14, and the remaining part is further connected to the flow path. It was attached to the bundled portion of the reduction tube 14.
- a ribbon heater having a width of 4 cm and a length of 3 m is prepared as the heater 16b, and is attached along the portion where the flow path reducing pipe 14 extends from the vicinity of the exhaust pipe branching portion 27 on the downstream side of the flow path reducing pipe 14. Further, the remaining part was attached to a part connected to the unwound part of the bundled parts of the flow path reducing tube 14. In FIG. 4, the range in which the heaters 16a and 16b are attached is indicated by hatching.
- the number (concentration) of fine particles contained in carbon dioxide reduced in pressure by the flow path reducing tube 14 was measured with a fine particle detection device 15 (CPC3772 manufactured by TSI) using the CPC method.
- a pump 28 is provided on the downstream side of the particulate detection device 15, and only a constant flow rate (1 L / min) of suctioned carbon dioxide is sucked and introduced into the particulate detection device 15, and the rest is released into the atmosphere from the exhaust pipe branching portion 27. did.
- Comparative Example 1 a flow restrictor manufactured by Sugiyama Shoji Co., Ltd. was used as the pressure reducing means.
- a pressure reducing valve manufactured by Tescom
- Comparative Example 3 a flow path reducing tube 14 ( ⁇ 200 ⁇ m, 30 m) with a heater, which is the same as the Example, was installed at the subsequent stage of the flow restrictor of Comparative Example 1.
- the flow restrictors of Comparative Examples 1 and 3 are filters that can remove fine particles having a particle diameter of 2 ⁇ m or more.
- the pressure reducing valve of Comparative Example 2 was provided with a ribbon heater having a width of 4 cm and a length of 3 cm on the outer periphery, and the temperature of the thermocouple installed on the pressure reducing valve was controlled to be 100 ° C.
- the flow restrictor was controlled so that its external temperature was 100 ° C.
- 5A to 5C show the results of measuring the number (concentration) of fine particles having a particle size in high-pressure carbon dioxide exceeding 10 nm in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- 5A shows the measurement results of Comparative Examples 1 and 2
- FIG. 5B shows the measurement results of Comparative Example 3
- FIG. 5C shows the measurement results of the Example.
- the horizontal axis represents the elapsed time
- the vertical axis represents the number of detected particles (per 1 cc of gas). The number of detected particles).
- 5B and 5C are the same scale, but the vertical axis of FIG. 5A is 1000 times larger than the scale of FIGS. 5B and 5C.
- Comparative Example 2 it is considered that fine particles such as metal powder are generated by the operation of the pressure reducing valve, and it is difficult to obtain practical measurement accuracy when a fluid having a low concentration of fine particles is a measurement target.
- the number of detected particles was smaller than that in Comparative Example 2, but much more fine particles were detected than in Examples described later.
- Comparative Example 1 is considered to be affected by fine particles that repeatedly adhere and peel off by the filter. Further, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, since the temperature control was not sufficient, it is presumed that carbon dioxide partially entered the solid phase or the liquid phase and flowed into the measuring apparatus. In Comparative Example 3, it is considered that carbon dioxide is completely in the gas phase because the flow path reducing tube 14 with the heater of the example is installed after the filter of Comparative Example 1.
- the comparative example 3 extracts only the influence of the fine particles that repeatedly adhere and peel by the filter.
- fine particles other than the fine particles originally included in the measurement target have an influence on the measurement result, the number of detected particles is high, and the measured value is not stable.
- the number of detected particles was smaller than in each comparative example, and it was hardly affected by fine particles other than the fine particles originally contained in the measurement target, and a stable measurement value was obtained.
- FIG. 6 shows the result of measuring the number (concentration) of fine particles having a particle size exceeding 10 nm at the sampling points P2, P3, and P1 in the high-pressure carbon dioxide supply device in this example.
- Sampling points P1 to P3 are positions as shown in FIG. A phenomenon was observed in which the number of microparticles increased transiently when the sampling location was changed, but the number of microparticles almost corresponding to the sampling location was obtained.
- FIG. 7A shows the result of measuring the number (concentration) of fine particles having a particle diameter of more than 10 nm when the valve 24 is opened and closed at the same sampling location.
- the valve 24 is provided with a configuration as shown in FIG. 7B in order to see the influence of the opening / closing operation of the valve.
- a line 25 provided with a valve and a line 26 provided with no valve were configured in parallel, and the valve 24 was opened and closed while supplying carbon dioxide, and the number of fine particles was measured. After the opening / closing operation of the valve, the number of fine particles temporarily increases, and then returns to a steady state again.
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Abstract
Description
本測定装置は既存の二酸化炭素製造設備ないし供給設備に接続して用いることができる。そこでまず、二酸化炭素製造設備ないし供給設備の概要について説明する。図1は、一例として二酸化炭素供給設備1の概略構成図を示す。CO2ボンベ2には液体二酸化炭素が貯蔵されている。CO2ボンベ2に貯蔵されている液体二酸化炭素はメタルガスフィルター3aでろ過され、凝縮器4に導入される。二酸化炭素は凝縮器4で凝縮され、CO2槽5に送られる。CO2槽5の二酸化炭素はいったん予冷却器6で過冷却され、液体の二酸化炭素とされる。予冷却器6で過冷却するのは、後段の循環ポンプ7で気体の二酸化炭素が発生することを防止するためである。二酸化炭素は循環ポンプ7で昇圧され、メタルガスフィルター8でろ過され、清浄な高圧の液体二酸化炭素となって、弁12dを通って、図示していないユースポイントへ送られる。使用されなかった高圧の液体二酸化炭素は保圧弁9の出口側で膨張させられ、さらに蒸発器10で気相に変換される。これは後段のメタルガスフィルター3bでの除粒子効率を上げるためである。このようにして、二酸化炭素供給設備は、二酸化炭素が循環ループに沿って循環しながら、必要に応じてユースポイントに高圧の液体二酸化炭素を供給するようにされている。超臨界状態の二酸化炭素の供給設備についても、液体二酸化炭素を加熱して臨界温度以上まで昇温させる以外は、同様の構成とすることができる。
11 微粒子検出装置
13 流体供給部
14 流路縮小管
15 微粒子検出手段
16a,16b ヒータ(加熱手段)
17a,17b 温度計
18 制御装置
Claims (12)
- 被測定流体が供給される流体供給部と、
一端が前記流体供給部に接続され、前記流体供給部に対して流路の絞られた流路縮小管と、
前記流路縮小管の他端に接続され、前記流路縮小管から流入する微粒子を検出する微粒子検出手段と、
を有する、流体中の微粒子検出装置。 - 前記流路縮小管を流れる前記被測定流体を加熱する加熱手段と、前記被測定流体が前記流路縮小管から気相で前記微粒子検出手段に流入するように前記加熱手段を制御する制御装置と、を有する、請求項1に記載の微粒子検出装置。
- 前記加熱手段は前記流路縮小管の前記一端側と前記他端側の少なくとも一方に設けられている、請求項2に記載の微粒子検出装置。
- 前記微粒子検出手段は、気化された前記被測定流体中に含まれている前記微粒子にレーザー光を照射する手段と、前記微粒子からの前記レーザー光の散乱光を検出する手段と、を有する、請求項2に記載の微粒子検出装置。
- 前記微粒子検出手段は、気化された前記被測定流体中に含まれている前記微粒子の周囲に蒸気を凝縮成長させる手段と、蒸気の凝縮成長した前記微粒子にレーザー光を照射する手段と、前記蒸気の凝縮成長した微粒子からの前記レーザー光の散乱光を検出する手段と、を有する、請求項2に記載の微粒子検出装置。
- 前記流路縮小管は内径が100~1000μmの範囲にある円形断面を有し、0.1~500mの配管長を有している、請求項1に記載の微粒子検出装置。
- 前記流路縮小管は円形断面を有し、内径に対する配管長の比が10以上、5000000以下の範囲にある、請求項1に記載の微粒子検出装置。
- 被測定流体を流体供給部によって供給するステップと、
供給された前記被測定流体を前記流体供給部に対して流路の絞られた流路縮小管を通すことによって、前記被測定流体を減圧するステップと、
減圧された前記被測定流体に含まれる微粒子を検出するステップと、
を有する、流体中の微粒子検出方法。 - 前記被測定流体を減圧するステップは、前記被測定流体が前記流路縮小管を気相で流出するように、前記流路縮小管の入口側と出口側の少なくとも一方を加熱することを含む、請求項8に記載の微粒子検出方法。
- 前記被測定流体を減圧するステップは、前記被測定流体が前記流路縮小管を気相で流出するように、前記流路縮小管の流路面積と配管長の少なくともいずれかを調整することを含む、請求項8に記載の微粒子検出方法。
- 前記微粒子数を計測するステップは、気化された前記被測定流体中に含まれている前記微粒子にレーザー光を照射し、または気化された前記被測定流体中に含まれている前記微粒子に、その周囲に蒸気を凝縮成長させた状態でレーザー光を照射し、照射された前記レーザー光の散乱光を検出することを含む、請求項8に記載の微粒子検出方法。
- 前記減圧するステップは、圧力1MPa以上の超臨界状態または液相または気相の二酸化炭素を減圧して、圧力1MPa未満の気相の二酸化炭素にすることを含む、請求項8に記載の微粒子検出方法。
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EP3581917A4 (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2020-10-14 | Tosoh Corporation | PARTICLE DETECTION DEVICE AND PARTICLE DETECTION METHOD |
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JP2009052981A (ja) * | 2007-08-24 | 2009-03-12 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | 高圧流体中の微粒子測定システムおよび微粒子測定方法 |
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JP2009052981A (ja) * | 2007-08-24 | 2009-03-12 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | 高圧流体中の微粒子測定システムおよび微粒子測定方法 |
JP2009052980A (ja) * | 2007-08-24 | 2009-03-12 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | 高圧二酸化炭素の微粒子測定システムおよび微粒子測定方法 |
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