WO2011162094A1 - 乳化剤製造用材料の製造方法、乳化剤の製造方法、経口投与組成物用乳化剤、及び経口投与組成物 - Google Patents
乳化剤製造用材料の製造方法、乳化剤の製造方法、経口投与組成物用乳化剤、及び経口投与組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
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- the present invention relates to a method for producing a material for producing an emulsifier, a method for producing an emulsifier, an emulsifier for an oral administration composition, and an oral administration composition.
- a surfactant when emulsifying and dispersing a functional oil base or functional granule in water, a surfactant was selected according to the required HLB of the functional oil base and the properties of the granule surface, and emulsified and dispersed. .
- the required HLB value of the surfactant used as an emulsifier needs to be properly used depending on whether an O / W type emulsion is made or a W / O type emulsion, and further, thermal stability and aging Since the stability is not sufficient, a wide variety of surfactants were mixed and used (see Non-Patent Documents 1 to 4, etc.).
- physicochemical emulsification methods such as an HLB method, a phase inversion emulsification method, a phase inversion temperature emulsification method, and a gel emulsification method are generally performed. Since the basis of emulsion preparation is to reduce the interfacial energy at the oil / water interface and to stabilize the system thermodynamically, it is very cumbersome and labor intensive to select the most suitable emulsifier In addition, when many kinds of oils are mixed, stable emulsification is almost impossible.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an emulsifier containing hydrophilic nanoparticles that are separated by dispersing a biopolymer in water and performing heating or urea treatment.
- the hydrophilic nanoparticle obtained has a large variation in diameter, so that the emulsifying function of the emulsifier is not sufficiently exhibited, or the homogeneity of the emulsifier is insufficient.
- a mechanical force such as stirring is excessively applied to suppress variation in the diameter of the hydrophilic nanoparticles, the biopolymer may be denatured and the emulsification function may be impaired.
- Such a demand for an emulsifier containing hydrophilic nanoparticles is particularly strong in emulsifying a subject to be administered orally (for example, a food or beverage composition).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a method for producing an emulsifier material and a method for producing an emulsifier that can suppress variation in the particle size of hydrophilic nanoparticles and a decrease in emulsification function.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an emulsifier for an oral administration composition produced by the production method of the present invention and having excellent safety, and an oral administration composition comprising a component emulsified with this emulsifier.
- the present inventors do not cut hydrogen bonds derived from granules containing a conjugate of polycondensation polymer particles having a hydroxyl group together, but first produce a relaxed product in which the higher-order structure of the conjugate is relaxed, After that, the hydrogen bond in the bonded body was cleaved, and it was found that the variation in the particle diameter of the hydrophilic nanoparticles to be separated was avoided while avoiding the modification of the polymer, and the present invention was completed. Specifically, the present invention provides the following.
- An emulsifier for an oral administration composition used for emulsification in an oral administration composition which is produced by the production method according to any one of (6) to (8) and wherein the polycondensation polymer is a natural polymer.
- An oral administration composition comprising the emulsifier for oral administration composition according to (9) and an emulsified product emulsified with the emulsifier for oral administration composition.
- a relaxed product having a relaxed higher-order structure of a conjugate is produced from a granule containing a conjugate of polycondensation polymer particles having a hydroxyl group, and then hydrogen bonds in the conjugate are cleaved.
- Variation in the particle diameter of the hydrophilic nanoparticles to be produced can be suppressed.
- it is not necessary to perform a strict treatment for promoting the modification of the polycondensation polymer it is possible to suppress a decrease in the emulsifying function of the hydrophilic nanoparticles.
- the manufacturing method of the material for manufacturing an emulsifier according to the present invention includes a dispersion step and a relaxation product generation step. Details of each step will be described.
- Dispersion process In the dispersion step, granules containing a conjugate of polycondensation polymer particles having a hydroxyl group are dispersed in water to prepare a dispersion. If granule aggregates remain, the efficiency of subsequent processes such as swelling deteriorates. Therefore, the granules are dispersed in water to eliminate or reduce the amount of granule aggregates.
- the polycondensation polymer having a hydroxyl group may be either a natural polymer or a synthetic polymer, and may be appropriately selected according to the use of the emulsifier.
- natural polymers are preferable from the viewpoint of safety and generally inexpensive, and sugar polymers described below are more preferable from the viewpoint of excellent emulsifying function.
- Sugar polymer is a polymer having a glucoside structure such as cellulose and starch.
- a glucoside structure such as cellulose and starch.
- monosaccharides such as ribose, xylose, rhamnose, fucose, glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid, gluconic acid, xanthan gum, gum arabic, guar gum, caraya gum, carrageenan , Pectin, fucoidan, quinseed gum, tranto gum, locust bean gum, galactomannan, curdlan, gellan gum, fucogel, casein, gelatin, starch, collagen and other natural polymers, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, Hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, propylene glycol alginate, cell Examples include semi-synthetic polymers such as cellulose crystals, starch / sodium acrylate graf
- the dispersion may be carried out according to a conventional method according to the polycondensation polymer to be used.
- a conventional method for example, in the case of starch or the like, it is sufficiently dispersed in room temperature water, while in the case of chitan sang gum or the like, it may be added to hot water. It is common.
- the amount of granules in the dispersion may be set as appropriate in consideration of operability and demand for mass production. That is, if the amount of the granule is excessive, the operation such as stirring tends to be difficult due to the increase in viscosity after the swelling of the granule, while the excessive amount is inconvenient in terms of mass production. Therefore, the amount of granules may be appropriately set according to the polycondensation polymer used in consideration of these circumstances, and is usually about 1% by mass or less.
- the relaxed product producing step In the relaxed product producing step, the granules are swollen and further, hydrogen bonds derived from the granules are broken under a reversible condition to produce relaxed products in which the higher-order structure of the conjugate is relaxed.
- the emulsification function of the polycondensation polymer particles can be maintained by recovering the hydrogen bonds while the situation where the higher order structure is relaxed and the polycondensation polymer particles are easily separated.
- the polycondensation polymer particles are hydrated and can effectively give an action such as breaking of hydrogen bonds.
- the swelling of the granule can be usually confirmed by clarifying the granule, increasing the viscosity of the dispersion, and the like.
- the swelling may be performed according to a conventional method depending on the polycondensation polymer to be used.
- the hydrogen bond breakage under reversible conditions is a mild breakage where hydrogen bonds can be recovered. It is considered that the bonds that are relatively easily broken in the conjugate are, in order, hydrogen bonds that form a higher order structure, hydrogen bonds between particles, bonds within particles, and bonds within a polycondensation polymer. In the present invention, since the hydrogen bond is broken under mild conditions, the bond breakage in the polycondensation polymer is avoided, and the emulsifying function of the polycondensation polymer particles can be maintained. Note that the breakage of hydrogen bonds can be confirmed by, for example, observing the decrease in the viscosity of the dispersion liquid and the relaxation of the higher-order structure of the bonded body with a microscope.
- Hydrogen bond breakage can be performed by physical treatment such as heating and stirring and / or chemical treatment such as preparation (for example, urea, thiourea) treatment.
- the heating temperature, stirring speed, formulation addition amount, treatment time, etc. are adjusted so that the hydrogen bond breaking is reversible.
- Specific conditions may be appropriately set according to the polycondensation polymer to be used. In the case of a sugar polymer, it is 70 to 90 ° C., preferably about 80 ° C., 20 to 40 minutes, preferably about 30 minutes. Gently stir.
- it can confirm that the cutting
- First recovery process In the present invention, it is preferable to have a first recovery step of partially recovering the broken hydrogen bond. Thereby, since the hydrogen bonds between the particles are recovered, the distribution of hydrogen bond breakage between the particles in the particle separation step described later is made uniform, and variations in the diameters of the obtained particles can be suppressed. Moreover, since the hydrogen bond in particle
- the recovery in the first recovery step can be performed by leaving it to stand for several hours under non-treatment conditions (for example, normal temperature, non-stirring, in the absence of chemical preparation). Hydrogen bond recovery can be confirmed by a reversible change in viscosity in response to temperature changes. In addition, this process may be actively performed in a production line, and may be passively performed during the period of storage and distribution of the emulsifier production material.
- non-treatment conditions for example, normal temperature, non-stirring, in the absence of chemical preparation.
- Hydrogen bond recovery can be confirmed by a reversible change in viscosity in response to temperature changes.
- this process may be actively performed in a production line, and may be passively performed during the period of storage and distribution of the emulsifier production material.
- the emulsifier-producing material produced in this way is capable of recovering hydrogen bonds between and within the particles while relaxing the higher-order structure of the conjugate. Variation in the particle diameter of the particles can be suppressed, and a decrease in the emulsification function of the hydrophilic nanoparticles can be suppressed.
- the method for producing an emulsifier according to the present invention uses a material for producing an emulsifier, which has a particle separation step and is produced by the method described above.
- particle separation process In the particle separation step, hydrogen bonds in the bound body contained in the emulsifier-producing material are broken, and the polycondensation polymer particles are separated into water. Since the hydrogen bonds between the particles are restored, the distribution of the hydrogen bonds to be broken becomes substantially uniform, and as a result, variation in the diameter of the polycondensation polymer particles to be separated is suppressed.
- the separation of the polycondensation particles is not limited to the isolation of the polycondensation particles one by one, but also includes the separation of several polycondensation particles as a lump.
- the hydrogen bond breakage in this step is not particularly limited as long as it does not substantially break the covalent bond in the polycondensation polymer, and is typically the same as the hydrogen bond breakage in the above-described relaxation product generation step. It may be. That is, the hydrogen bond can be broken by physical treatment such as heating and stirring and / or chemical treatment such as preparation (for example, urea, thiourea) treatment. The heating temperature, stirring speed, formulation addition amount, treatment time, etc. are adjusted so that the covalent bond in the polycondensation polymer is not broken. Specific conditions may be appropriately set according to the polycondensation polymer to be used. In the case of a sugar polymer, it is 70 to 90 ° C., preferably about 80 ° C., 20 to 40 minutes, preferably about 30 minutes. Gently stir.
- Such hydrogen bond breaking is performed by using hydrophilic nanoparticles (one or more polycondensation polymer particles) having a particle size in the range of 50 nm to 800 nm as measured by a particle size distribution analyzer FPAR (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.). Until the desired yield is obtained. It has been found that hydrophilic nanoparticles having such a particle size exhibit an excellent emulsifying function (for example, JP-A-2006-239666). However, it should be considered that excessive hydrogen bond breakage may adversely affect the bonds in the polycondensation polymer particles.
- the emulsifier-producing material is preferably produced by dispersing a certain amount of granules in water from the viewpoint of efficiency in production and transportation, etc., but in this case, a relaxed product of the conjugate is present in high density. As a result, the efficiency of breaking hydrogen bonds in the bonded body decreases. Therefore, the emulsifier production method according to the present invention preferably further includes a step of diluting the emulsifier production material with water before the particle separation step. Thereby, efficiency of a particle separation process can be aimed at, improving efficiency, such as manufacture and conveyance of a material for emulsifier manufacture.
- the relaxant in the emulsifier production material used is dilute, the necessity for further dilution is small.
- the method for producing an emulsifier according to the present invention further includes a second recovery step for partially recovering the broken hydrogen bond. Thereby, hydrogen bonds in the hydrophilic nanoparticles are recovered, and the original emulsification function can be recovered.
- the recovery in the second recovery step is not particularly limited, and may be typically the same as the first recovery step described above. That is, it can be performed by leaving it to stand for several hours under non-treatment conditions (for example, normal temperature, non-stirring, in the absence of a chemical preparation). Hydrogen bond recovery can be confirmed by a reversible change in viscosity in response to temperature changes.
- This step may be carried out actively in the production line, or may be carried out passively during the storage and distribution period of the emulsifier.
- the emulsifier thus produced suppresses the variation in the particle size of hydrophilic nanoparticles whose particle size measured by a particle size distribution analyzer FPAR (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.) is in the range of 50 nm to 800 nm.
- FPAR particle size distribution analyzer
- the emulsifier of the present invention can be used for emulsification of various oily substances.
- an emulsion in which an oil phase containing an oily substance and an aqueous phase are dispersed is produced by mixing the oily substance with or without adding a substance that is distributed to the aqueous phase as appropriate to the emulsifier. it can.
- an oily substance means the substance which contains only oil or oil as a main component. A detailed use procedure is described in Japanese Patent No. 3855203.
- an emulsifier obtained using a natural polymer as a polycondensation polymer is superior in safety, it is used in living organisms such as orally administered compositions (for example, foods and drinks, orally administered preparations), external preparations, cosmetics, and agricultural chemicals. It is preferably used for emulsification of products.
- the present invention also provides an oral administration composition comprising an emulsifier for an oral administration composition obtained using a natural polymer as a polycondensation polymer, and an emulsified product emulsified with the emulsifier for oral administration composition. provide. Such an orally administered composition is superior in safety.
- the emulsifier of the present invention is not limited to this, and can form an emulsified dispersion system having excellent thermal stability and stability over time with respect to the interface of the functional oil base and water or the functional granule and water. .
- the emulsifying dispersant of the present invention can be used for stable emulsification in a wide temperature range over a long period of time.
- the hydrophilic nanoparticles and the emulsifier of the present invention are light oil, A heavy oil, C heavy oil, tar, biodiesel fuel, recycled heavy oil, waste cooking oil, cosmetic oil, edible oil, industrial oil (for example, silicon oil, kerosene). Can be used to emulsify water in various oils.
- the liquid after standing is diluted with water so that the amount ratio of starch and water is as shown in Table 1, and the diluted liquid is heated to 80 ° C. with stirring, and stirred at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes. Continued. Thereafter, the liquid was allowed to cool to room temperature.
- the photograph which observed the substance in the liquid after cooling with the microscope is shown in FIG. FIG. 1 shows that starch particles are separated in the liquid after standing.
- FPAR particle size distribution analyzer FPAR (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.)
- FPAR particle size distribution analyzer FPAR
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Abstract
Description
前記顆粒を膨潤し、さらに前記顆粒に由来する水素結合を可逆的条件下で切断することで、前記結合体の高次構造が緩和された緩和物を生成する緩和物生成工程を有する乳化剤製造用材料の製造方法。
前記結合体内の水素結合を切断し、前記重縮合ポリマー粒子を水中に分離する粒子分離工程を有する乳化剤の製造方法。
本発明に係る乳化剤製造用材料の製造方法は、分散工程及び緩和物生成工程を有する。各工程の詳細を説明する。
分散工程では、水酸基を有する重縮合ポリマー粒子の結合体を含む顆粒を、水に分散して分散液を調製する。顆粒の凝集体が残留すると、以後の膨潤等の工程の効率が悪化するため、顆粒を水に分散することで、顆粒の凝集体をなくす、若しくはその量を減らす。
緩和物生成工程では、顆粒を膨潤し、さらに顆粒に由来する水素結合を可逆的条件下で切断することで、結合体の高次構造が緩和された緩和物を生成する。これにより、高次構造が緩和され、重縮合ポリマー粒子を分離しやすい状況が整いつつ、水素結合を回復させることで、重縮合ポリマー粒子の乳化機能を維持できる。
本発明では、切断された水素結合を部分的に回復させる第1回復工程を有することが好ましい。これにより、粒子間の水素結合が回復するため、後述の粒子分離工程における粒子同士の水素結合の切断分布が一様化し、得られる粒子の径のばらつきを抑制できる。また、粒子内の水素結合も回復するため、粒子の乳化特性が損なわれることを予防できる。
本発明に係る乳化剤の製造方法は、粒子分離工程を有し、前述の方法で製造される乳化剤製造用材料を用いる。
粒子分離工程では、乳化剤製造用材料に含有される結合体内の水素結合を切断し、重縮合ポリマー粒子を水中に分離する。粒子間の水素結合が回復されているので、切断される水素結合の分布が略均質になり、結果的に分離される重縮合ポリマー粒子の径のばらつきが抑制される。なお、重縮合粒子の分離は、重縮合粒子が1個ずつ単離されることに限らず、数個の重縮合粒子の塊として分離されることも包含する。
乳化剤製造用材料は、その製造及び搬送等の効率化の観点から、ある程度高濃度の顆粒を水中に分散させて製造されることが好ましいが、この場合、結合体の緩和物が高密度に存在するため、結合体内の水素結合の切断効率が低下する。そこで、本発明に係る乳化剤の製造方法は、粒子分離工程の前に乳化剤製造用材料を水で希釈する工程をさらに有することが好ましい。これにより、乳化剤製造用材料の製造及び搬送等の効率化を図りつつ、粒子分離工程の効率化を図ることができる。ただし、用いる乳化剤製造用材料中の緩和物が希薄である場合には、さらに希釈を行う必要性は小さい。なお、希釈倍率は、用いる乳化剤製造用材料中の緩和物の密度に応じて適宜設定してよい。
本発明に係る乳化剤の製造方法は、切断された水素結合を部分的に回復させる第2回復工程をさらに有することが好ましい。これにより、親水性ナノ粒子内の水素結合が回復し、本来の乳化機能を回復できる。
このようにして製造される乳化剤は、粒度分布測定装置FPAR(大塚電子(株)社製)で測定される粒径が50nm~800nmの範囲である親水性ナノ粒子の粒径のばらつきが抑制されており、また、重縮合ポリマーの変性を促進する厳しい処理を行わなくてよいので、親水性ナノ粒子の乳化機能の低下が抑制されている。このため、上記乳化剤は、均質かつ優れた乳化機能を有する。
デンプン(馬鈴薯澱粉)顆粒を、1質量%の濃度となるように水に添加し、水を撹拌することで分散させ、分散液を調製した。この分散液を撹拌しながら80℃に加熱し、白色のデンプン顆粒が透明になるまで撹拌を続け、顆粒を膨潤させた。この膨潤化の過程で分散液の粘度は上昇した。
特開2006-239666号公報に記載の方法に従い、デンプン(馬鈴薯澱粉)顆粒及び水を表2に示す量比となるように撹拌し、分散させた分散液を90℃に加熱した後、室温まで冷却した。この液中の物質を顕微鏡で観察した写真を図2に示す。図2より、比較例の液では、分離したデンプン粒子の大きさがばらばらであり、また分離していない粒子の結合体が多数残存していることが分かる。また、この液について、粒度分布測定装置FPAR(大塚電子(株)社製)を用いて粒度分布を測定したところ、粒径0.1~1μmの範囲に親水性ナノ粒子の存在を示すピークが確認され、実施例の親水性ナノ粒子に比べ粒径の幅が広いことが分かった。
実施例及び比較例の各々で得た乳化剤を、表1及び2に示す割合で流動パラフィンと室温下で撹拌して乳化し、その乳化状態を評価した。なお、評価基準は、次の通りである。
○:相分離なし、△:比重差による分離(コアセルベーション)、×:分離
1:O/W型エマルション、2:W/O型エマルション、3:W/Oエマルションと分離水相
Claims (10)
- 水酸基を有する重縮合ポリマー粒子の結合体を含む顆粒を、水に分散して分散液を調製する分散工程と、
前記顆粒を膨潤し、さらに前記顆粒に由来する水素結合を可逆的条件下で切断することで、前記結合体の高次構造が緩和された緩和物を生成する緩和物生成工程を有する乳化剤製造用材料の製造方法。 - 前記緩和物生成工程は、前記分散液の粘度の上昇および下降を含む請求項1記載の製造方法。
- 切断された水素結合を部分的に回復させる第1回復工程をさらに有する請求項1または2記載の製造方法。
- 前記重縮合ポリマーは、天然高分子である請求項1から3いずれか記載の製造方法。
- 前記天然高分子は、多糖である請求項4記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1から5いずれか記載の製造方法で製造される乳化剤製造用材料を用い、
前記結合体内の水素結合を切断し、前記重縮合ポリマー粒子を水中に分離する粒子分離工程を有する乳化剤の製造方法。 - 前記粒子分離工程の前に前記乳化剤製造用材料を水で希釈する工程をさらに有する請求項6記載の製造方法。
- 切断された水素結合を部分的に回復させる第2回復工程をさらに有する請求項6または7記載の製造方法。
- 請求項6から8いずれか記載の製造方法で製造され且つ前記重縮合ポリマーが天然高分子である、経口投与組成物における乳化に用いられる経口投与組成物用乳化剤。
- 請求項9記載の経口投与組成物用乳化剤と、この経口投与組成物用乳化剤で乳化された被乳化物と、を含有する経口投与組成物。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11797980.7A EP2586523B1 (en) | 2010-06-23 | 2011-06-07 | Process for producing emulsifier-producing material, process for producing emulsifier, emulsifier for orally administered composition, and orally administered composition |
KR1020127034309A KR101441364B1 (ko) | 2010-06-23 | 2011-06-07 | 유화제 제조용 재료의 제조 방법, 유화제의 제조 방법, 경구투여 조성물용 유화제, 및 경구투여 조성물 |
CA2803770A CA2803770C (en) | 2010-06-23 | 2011-06-07 | Process for producing emulsifier-producing material, process for producing emulsifier, emulsifier for orally administered composition, and orally administered composition |
JP2011527915A JP5652920B2 (ja) | 2010-06-23 | 2011-06-07 | 乳化剤製造用材料の製造方法、乳化剤の製造方法、経口投与組成物用乳化剤、及び経口投与組成物 |
US13/724,054 US20130164433A1 (en) | 2010-06-23 | 2012-12-21 | Process for producing emulsifier-producing material, process for producing emulsifier, emulsifier for orally administered composition, and orally administered composition |
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JP2013216607A (ja) * | 2012-04-06 | 2013-10-24 | Kanagawa Univ | 乳化剤、被乳化物、乳化剤の製造方法、及び乳化剤製造用原料 |
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CN109734933B (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-09-24 | 浙江深蓝新材料科技股份有限公司 | 用于合成革人造革表面滑爽处理的有机硅乳液及其制备方法 |
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- 2011-06-07 JP JP2011527915A patent/JP5652920B2/ja active Active
- 2011-06-07 EP EP11797980.7A patent/EP2586523B1/en active Active
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- 2011-06-07 WO PCT/JP2011/063016 patent/WO2011162094A1/ja active Application Filing
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2012
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JP2013216607A (ja) * | 2012-04-06 | 2013-10-24 | Kanagawa Univ | 乳化剤、被乳化物、乳化剤の製造方法、及び乳化剤製造用原料 |
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EP2586523A1 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
CA2803770A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
EP2586523A4 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
KR20130064756A (ko) | 2013-06-18 |
US20130164433A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
JPWO2011162094A1 (ja) | 2013-08-19 |
EP2586523B1 (en) | 2020-11-11 |
CA2803770C (en) | 2015-10-13 |
JP5652920B2 (ja) | 2015-01-14 |
KR101441364B1 (ko) | 2014-09-17 |
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