WO2011158385A1 - Procédé de rectification/usinage d'engrenage et dispositif d'usinage - Google Patents

Procédé de rectification/usinage d'engrenage et dispositif d'usinage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011158385A1
WO2011158385A1 PCT/JP2010/060794 JP2010060794W WO2011158385A1 WO 2011158385 A1 WO2011158385 A1 WO 2011158385A1 JP 2010060794 W JP2010060794 W JP 2010060794W WO 2011158385 A1 WO2011158385 A1 WO 2011158385A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gear
grindstone
machining
grinding
rotation axis
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PCT/JP2010/060794
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
尊暁 菅崎
俊輔 坂西
淳一 前田
Original Assignee
株式会社牧野フライス製作所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社牧野フライス製作所 filed Critical 株式会社牧野フライス製作所
Priority to PCT/JP2010/060794 priority Critical patent/WO2011158385A1/fr
Priority to CN201080067495.XA priority patent/CN102947037B/zh
Priority to JP2012520239A priority patent/JP5430760B2/ja
Publication of WO2011158385A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011158385A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
    • B23F5/02—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by grinding
    • B23F5/06—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by grinding the tool being a grinding disc with a plane front surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • B23F23/12—Other devices, e.g. tool holders; Checking devices for controlling workpieces in machines for manufacturing gear teeth

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gear grinding method and a processing apparatus for grinding a tooth surface of an involute gear or the like.
  • the tooth surface of the gear is formed in a curved shape
  • the tooth surface at the machining point is configured in the configuration in which the rotational axis of the grindstone is linearly moved with respect to the gear as described in Patent Document 1 above.
  • the contact direction of the grindstone with respect to does not match, and an ideal tooth profile cannot be formed.
  • the present invention relates to a gear grinding method for grinding a gear having a curved tooth surface by using a machine tool that can be indexed in the direction of the rotational feed axis, and on the tooth surface based on the shape data of the gear to be ground.
  • the setting procedure for setting the machining point to the vertical axis and the normal vector extending in the direction perpendicular to the tooth surface at the machining point set in the setting procedure are calculated, and the rotation axis of the grindstone attached to the machine tool is the normal vector.
  • a calculation procedure for calculating the index data to be parallel and a control procedure for controlling the machine tool based on the index data calculated by the calculation procedure and grinding the gears are included.
  • the present invention is a processing apparatus for grinding a gear having a curved tooth surface with a grindstone, the moving means for moving the grindstone relative to the gear in the linear feed axis direction and the rotary feed axis direction, and a grindstone.
  • a machine tool having a driving means for rotational driving; a setting means for setting a machining point on the tooth surface based on shape data of a gear to be ground; and a perpendicular to the tooth surface at the machining point set by the setting means
  • a computing means for computing a normal vector extending in the direction and computing index data such that the rotation axis of the grindstone is parallel to the normal vector, and a machine for controlling the machine tool based on the index data computed by the computing means Control means.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of the NC machine tool of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a workpiece and a tool in a grinding state. 4 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a concept of a grinding process by the grinding apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • 6A, 6B, and 6C are views showing the posture of the tool and the position of the spindle at predetermined machining points, respectively.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the main part of the workpiece showing an example of the processing point setting position.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of the NC machine tool of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a work
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a tangent vector and a normal vector at a processing point.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the machining points before indexing in the machine coordinate system.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the processed points after indexing.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a correction amount calculation method for calculating the position of the spindle.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the indexed machining point and the spindle reference point.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • This processing apparatus includes a machine tool 10 for grinding a gear, an input device 20 for inputting various information for gear grinding, and a control device 30 for controlling the machine tool 10 based on a signal from the input device 20. Is provided.
  • the control device 30 is calculated by the setting unit 31 for setting the machining point of the gear, the calculation unit 32 for calculating the machining point index data and the spindle position data corresponding to the machining point after the indexing, and the calculation unit 32.
  • a machine control unit 33 for controlling the machine tool 10 based on the index data and spindle position data.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view illustrating a schematic configuration of the machine tool 10.
  • a column 12 is erected on the bed 11, and a spindle head 13 is supported on the column 12 so as to be movable in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) and the horizontal direction (Y-axis direction) via a linear feed mechanism.
  • a grinding tool 14 is attached to the spindle head 13 downward via the spindle, and the tool 14 is rotationally driven by a spindle motor in the spindle head 13.
  • a table base 15 is supported on the bed 11 so as to be movable in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction) via a linear feed mechanism.
  • the linear feed mechanism includes, for example, a ball screw and a servo motor that rotationally drives the ball screw.
  • An inclination table 16 is attached to the table base 15 so as to be swingable in the A-axis direction around the rotation axis Lx in the X-axis direction via a rotary feed mechanism.
  • a rotation table 17 is attached to the tilt table 16 via a rotation feed mechanism so as to be rotatable about the rotation axis Lz in the Z-axis direction in the C-axis direction, and a work W is fixed on the rotation table 17.
  • the rotary feed mechanism is constituted by, for example, a direct drive motor or a servo motor.
  • FIG. 2 shows a reference state in which the angle ⁇ A in the A-axis direction of the tilt table 16 is 0 °, and the angle ⁇ C in the C-axis direction of the rotary table 17 is 0 °.
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing an example of the workpiece W and the tool 14 in a grinding state
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG.
  • a bevel gear having a convex curved tooth surface S is used as the workpiece W. This bevel gear is after quenching, and a predetermined amount of grinding allowance is left on the tooth surface S for finishing.
  • the workpiece W has a substantially symmetrical shape with the workpiece rotation axis Lw as the center, and the workpiece W is attached to the rotary table 17 with the workpiece rotation axis Lw aligned with the table rotation axis Lz of FIG.
  • the tool 14 is a substantially disc-shaped grinding wheel that rotates about the rotation axis L0 of the main shaft, and a substantially annular grinding wheel 14a is provided on the lower peripheral edge of the grinding wheel, and the bottom surface (the grinding surface 14b) of the grinding wheel 14a is It extends in the XY plane orthogonal to the rotation axis L0 of the main shaft.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a concept of a grinding process by the grinding apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • L1 is a normal line extending in a direction perpendicular to the tooth surface S at the processing point P.
  • the indexing angles ⁇ A and ⁇ C of the rotary feed shafts are adjusted so that the rotation axis L0 of the main shaft is parallel to the normal line L1. Further, the feed amount in the three orthogonal directions is adjusted so that the rotation axis L0 of the main shaft intersects with a tangent line of a tooth profile curve (an involute curve described later) from the tooth root portion to the tooth tip portion of the gear.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a change in posture of the rotation axis L0 of the main shaft with respect to the workpiece W as the machining point P moves along the tooth surface S.
  • the inclination of the rotation axis L0 of the main shaft is changed in the figure, the inclination of the rotation axis L0 of the main shaft does not actually change and the inclination of the workpiece W changes.
  • the inclination of the normal L1 at the machining point P changes as the machining point P moves from the tooth base side to the tooth tip side.
  • the relative posture of the rotation axis L0 of the main shaft with respect to the workpiece W is changed as shown in the figure.
  • the workpiece W is, for example, an involute gear having a tooth profile formed by an involute curve.
  • the bevel gear module receives workpiece W shape data, tool 14 shape data, and a machining start command for the machine tool 10 necessary for setting an involute curve.
  • the bevel gear module pitch circle diameter, basic circle diameter, pitch cone angle, radius of the grindstone 14a, width in the radial direction of the grinding surface 14b, and workpiece origin O1 in the workpiece coordinate system and machining in the machine coordinate system
  • Data representing a positional relationship with the origin O2
  • data representing a distance in the Z direction from the tool mounting portion of the spindle to the grinding surface 14b, and the like are input.
  • the workpiece origin O1 is set as the starting point of the pitch cone angle of the bevel gear, and workpiece coordinate systems are defined in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions with the workpiece origin O1 as a reference.
  • the machining origin O2 is set on the rotation axis Lz of the turntable 17, and a machine coordinate system is defined in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions with the machining origin O2 as a reference.
  • the workpiece origin O1 is located on the Z axis of the machine coordinate system (see FIG. 9), and the input device 20 has a distance H between the two as data representing the positional relationship between the workpiece origin O1 and the machining origin O2. Entered.
  • the setting unit 31 in FIG. 1 sets a plurality of machining points P along the tooth surface S of the workpiece W based on a signal from the input device 20.
  • the machining point P is set as three-dimensional coordinates (Xa, Ya, Za) in the workpiece coordinate system with the workpiece origin O1 as a reference.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the main part of the workpiece W showing an example of the setting position of the processing point P.
  • the machining points P (P1 to P5) are set to only N points (five points in the figure) along each involute curve Ci after a plurality of involute curves Ci (dotted lines) are defined along the tooth trace direction as shown in the figure. To do.
  • the number N of machining points can be set manually by the user or automatically by the setting unit 31.
  • the tangential angles ⁇ a and ⁇ b with respect to the involute curve Ci at the start point Pa and the end point Pb of the involute curve Ci shown in FIG. N can be calculated by the following formula (I).
  • N ( ⁇ b ⁇ a) / ⁇ (I)
  • the calculation unit 32 calculates machining point data after indexing in the machine coordinate system. In this case, first, as shown in FIG. 8, a unit vector (tangent vector) u ⁇ that is in contact with the involute curve Ci at each machining point P and that is opposite to the rotation center of the workpiece W, and a tooth at each machining point P are used.
  • a unit vector (normal vector) v ⁇ extending in a direction perpendicular to the tooth surface S from the inside of the portion is calculated.
  • the X, Y, and Z components of the tangent vector u ⁇ are (Xu, Yu, Zu), respectively, and the X, Y, and Z components of the normal vector v ⁇ are (Xv, Yv, Zv), respectively.
  • these vector components Xu, Yu, Zu, Xv, Yv, Zv use the pitch cone angle of the bevel gear, the tangent angle ⁇ with respect to the involute curve Ci, and the tangential angle with respect to crowning in the tooth trace direction. Each can be calculated.
  • index angles ⁇ A and ⁇ C index data of the A axis and the C axis are calculated so that the normal vector v ⁇ is parallel to the rotation axis L0 (Z-axis direction) of the main axis.
  • the index angles ⁇ A and ⁇ C can be calculated by using the components (Xv, Yv, Zv) of the normal vector v ⁇ , for example, by the following equations (II) and (III).
  • ⁇ A tan ⁇ 1 ⁇ Zv / (Xv 2 + Yv 2 ) 1/2 ⁇ ⁇ / 2 (II)
  • ⁇ C ⁇ tan ⁇ 1 (Xv / Yv) (III)
  • the angle ⁇ R is calculated by using the Z component (Zu) of the tangent vector u ⁇ and the index angle ⁇ A, for example, by the following equation (IV). can do.
  • ⁇ R sin ⁇ 1 (Zu / sin ⁇ A) (IV)
  • ⁇ A, ⁇ C the A axis and C axis
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the machining point P before indexing in the machine coordinate system.
  • the position coordinates (X0, Y0, Z0) of the machining point P before indexing in the machine coordinate system can be expressed by the following equation (V).
  • (X0, Y0, Z0) (Xa, Ya, H-Za) (V)
  • This processing point P is determined by the index angles ⁇ A and ⁇ C of the above formulas (II) and (III).
  • FIG. 10 shows a machining point Pm obtained by indexing the machining point P with the indexing angle ⁇ A and a machining point Pn obtained by further indexing the machining point Pm with the indexing angle ⁇ C.
  • the position coordinates (Xm, Ym, Zm) of the machining point Pm and the position coordinates (Xn, Yn, Zn) of the machining point Pn can be calculated by the following equations (VI) and (VII), respectively.
  • the calculation unit 32 calculates the machining point data after the indexing of the machining point P in
  • Coordinates (Xn, Yn, Zn) are calculated. Further, the calculation unit 32 calculates the position of the spindle such that the grinding surface 14b of the grindstone 14a contacts the machining point Pn after indexing. That is, since the grindstone 14a is located away from the center axis of the tool 14 (the rotation axis L0 of the main shaft), the distance W from the rotation axis L0 of the main shaft to the machining point Pn is calculated as a correction amount. In this case, the correction amount W is calculated so that the contact portion between the grindstone 14a and the tooth surface S does not concentrate on a part of the abrasive surface 14b in the radial direction but covers the entire radial direction of the abrasive surface 14b.
  • Ta and Tb are a point at the outermost diameter of the grindstone 14a (machining start point) and a point at the innermost diameter (machining end point), respectively,
  • Pa is a tooth root point that is the starting point of the involute curve Ci
  • Pb Is the point of the tooth tip that is the end point of the involute curve Ci.
  • WL is equivalent to the radial length of the grinding surface 14b
  • WR is equivalent to the radius of the grinding wheel
  • Pw is the rotation axis L0 of the main shaft set on the same plane as the grinding surface 14b. Corresponds to the upper reference point.
  • the grindstone correction amount ⁇ W when the machining point P moves by one point can be calculated by the following equation (VIII).
  • ⁇ W WL / N (VIII) Therefore, the correction amount Wn from the machining start point Ta when the angle of the tangent to the involute curve Ci is ⁇ n is expressed by the following equation (IX).
  • Wn ⁇ W ⁇ ( ⁇ n ⁇ a) / ⁇ (IX)
  • the computing unit 32 computes the correction amount W from the rotation axis L0 of the main shaft by the following formula (X) using the relationship of the above formula (IX).
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between the processed point Pn after indexing and the reference point Pw.
  • the reference point Pw is set at a position away from the machining point Pn by the correction amount W on the extension line of the tangent vector u ⁇ , using the angle ⁇ R formed by the tangent vector u ⁇ calculated by the above formula (IV) and the X axis.
  • the position coordinates (XL0, YL0, ZL0) of the reference point Pw of the main axis can be calculated by the following equation (XI).
  • the control device 30 creates an NC program based on the data calculated by the calculation unit 32 and stores the NC program in the memory.
  • the machine control unit 33 receives the machining start command from the input device 20 and executes the NC program.
  • the machining point P index data ( ⁇ A, ⁇ C) calculated by the calculation unit 32 and the position of the machining point Pn after the indexing are calculated.
  • the machine tool 10 is controlled based on the data (Xn, Yn, Zn) and the position data (XL0, YL0, ZL0) of the reference point Pw separated from the machining point Pn by the correction amount W.
  • a control signal is output to the servo motor of the rotary feed mechanism to determine the machining point P
  • a control signal is output to the servo motor of the linear feed mechanism to control the relative position of the spindle with respect to the workpiece W.
  • the grindstone 14a contacts the tooth surface S in the vertical direction, the contact force of the grindstone 14a can be prevented from being dispersed, and the contact force acting on the tooth surface S can be increased. As a result, the workpiece W can be efficiently ground, and the machining efficiency of the workpiece W can be increased.
  • the machining location is changed along the involute curve Ci. For example, the machining points are moved in the order of P1, P2,.
  • the correction amount W between the machining point P and the rotation axis L0 of the main shaft changes according to the movement of the machining point P. That is, the correction amount W increases when the tooth base side is ground, and the correction amount W decreases when the tooth tip side is ground.
  • the machine control unit 33 controls the rotational speed of the spindle (spindle motor) so that the peripheral speed of the grindstone 14a at the processing point P is constant. Specifically, when processing the tooth base side, the rotational speed of the grindstone 14a is made slower than when processing the tooth tip side. Thereby, the dispersion
  • the setting unit 31 of the control device 30 sets a plurality of processing points P along the tooth surface of the workpiece W in the workpiece coordinate system (setting procedure). ),
  • the calculation unit 32 calculates a normal vector v ⁇ extending in a direction perpendicular to the tooth surface S at the machining point P, and the rotation axis of the grindstone 14a (the rotation axis L0 of the main shaft) is parallel to the normal vector v ⁇ .
  • the calculation data in the machine coordinate system is calculated (calculation procedure).
  • the position of the spindle is calculated so that the grindstone 14a contacts the machining point Pn after the indexing (calculation procedure), and the machine control unit 33 controls the machine tool 10 based on the calculated index data and spindle position data. Control (control procedure).
  • the grindstone 14a contacts the tooth surface S in the vertical direction, the contact force of the grindstone 14a acting on the machining point P can be made constant, and variations in machining accuracy can be suppressed.
  • a position on the extension line of the tangent vector u ⁇ at the machining point Pn after the index and separated from the machining point Pn by the correction amount W according to the diameter of the grindstone 14a is the position of the rotation axis L0 of the main shaft.
  • the grindstone 14a can be prevented from coming into contact with the workpiece W except at the machining point P, and the contact position of the grindstone 14a can be changed smoothly with the movement of the machining point P.
  • the calculation unit 32 as the machining location changes along the tooth profile of the workpiece W, the correction amount W corresponding to the diameter of the grindstone 14a is changed and the spindle position data is calculated.
  • the entire area of 14b can be used for grinding, and the grindstone 14a can be used without waste.
  • the machine control unit 33 controls the rotation speed of the main shaft so that the rotation speed of the grindstone 14a becomes slower as the distance from the processing point P to the rotation axis L0 of the grindstone 14a becomes larger.
  • a 5-axis machining center capable of rotating and feeding in the A-axis direction and the C-axis direction is used as the machine tool 10, but the grindstone 14 a is moved in the linear feed axis direction and the rotary feed axis direction with respect to the workpiece W.
  • the configuration of the machine tool may be any, for example, a 6-axis machining center or a machine tool other than the machining center may be used.
  • the machining point P is set on the tooth surface based on the signal from the input device 20, but the configuration of the setting means is not limited to this, for example, CL data generated by CAM
  • the processing point P may be set based on (cutter location data).
  • the normal vector v ⁇ extending in the direction perpendicular to the tooth surface S at the processing point P is calculated, and the index data ⁇ A is set so that the rotation axis of the grindstone 14a is parallel to the normal vector v ⁇ .
  • ⁇ C is calculated, and the machine tool is controlled based on the calculated data, and has the greatest feature.
  • the calculation unit 32 as the calculation means and the machine as the machine control means The configuration of the control unit 33 is not limited to that described above.
  • the shape of the grindstone 14a may be other than a substantially disk shape.
  • the grinding method according to the present invention can be similarly applied to the case where other gears (for example, spur gears) are ground.
  • the contact force of the grindstone with respect to the tooth surface at the machining point becomes constant, resulting in variations in machining accuracy. Can be suppressed.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)
  • Gear Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de rectification/usinage d'engrenage, qui permet de rectifier un engrenage (W) présentant une surface de la dent bombée (S), au moyen d'une machine-outil (10) pouvant s'orienter dans la direction d'un arbre d'alimentation rotatif. Le procédé comprend: une procédure de réglage d'un point d'usinage (P) à la surface de la dent sur la base des données de forme de l'engrenage (W) soumis à rectification; une procédure de calcul pour calculer le vecteur normal (vτ) s'étendant dans la direction perpendiculaire à la surface de la dent (S) au niveau du point d'usinage (P) réglé lors de la procédure de réglage, et calculer des données dérivées (θA, θC) permettant de positionner l'axe de rotation de la rectifieuse (14a) fixée à la machine-outil (10) parallèlement au vecteur normal (vτ); et une procédure de commande de la machine-outil (10), fondée sur les données dérivées (θA, θC) calculées lors de la procédure de calcul, pour ainsi rectifier/usiner l'engrenage (W).
PCT/JP2010/060794 2010-06-18 2010-06-18 Procédé de rectification/usinage d'engrenage et dispositif d'usinage WO2011158385A1 (fr)

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PCT/JP2010/060794 WO2011158385A1 (fr) 2010-06-18 2010-06-18 Procédé de rectification/usinage d'engrenage et dispositif d'usinage
CN201080067495.XA CN102947037B (zh) 2010-06-18 2010-06-18 齿轮的研磨加工方法以及加工装置
JP2012520239A JP5430760B2 (ja) 2010-06-18 2010-06-18 歯車の研削加工方法および加工装置

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JP2013545621A (ja) * 2010-10-29 2013-12-26 ショッテル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング かさ歯車伝動装置のかさ歯車における最適化されたクラウニング
JP2022017890A (ja) * 2020-07-14 2022-01-26 菊田鉄工株式会社 ドレッシング工具のツルーイング方法、及びドレッシング工具のツルーイングプログラム

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CN103231127B (zh) * 2013-03-25 2015-03-04 杭州发达齿轮箱集团有限公司 一种薄片齿轮对齿工具及对齿方法
WO2015114811A1 (fr) * 2014-01-31 2015-08-06 株式会社牧野フライス製作所 Procédé de coupe et dispositif de commande
CN106363248B (zh) * 2016-11-03 2018-01-16 大连理工大学 一种用于大型直齿轮成型磨齿的自定位和分度方法
JP7451900B2 (ja) * 2019-08-21 2024-03-19 株式会社ジェイテクト 歯溝加工方法及び歯溝加工装置
CN114370451A (zh) * 2021-12-08 2022-04-19 安徽中润航空科技有限公司 一种齿轮箱传动内轴及其加工工艺

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JP2013545621A (ja) * 2010-10-29 2013-12-26 ショッテル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング かさ歯車伝動装置のかさ歯車における最適化されたクラウニング
JP2022017890A (ja) * 2020-07-14 2022-01-26 菊田鉄工株式会社 ドレッシング工具のツルーイング方法、及びドレッシング工具のツルーイングプログラム
JP7226818B2 (ja) 2020-07-14 2023-02-21 菊田鉄工株式会社 ドレッシング工具のツルーイング方法、及びドレッシング工具のツルーイングプログラム

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