WO2011155134A1 - 貴金属微粒子、貴金属微粒子の回収方法、および回収した貴金属微粒子を用いる貴金属微粒子分散体の製造方法 - Google Patents
貴金属微粒子、貴金属微粒子の回収方法、および回収した貴金属微粒子を用いる貴金属微粒子分散体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011155134A1 WO2011155134A1 PCT/JP2011/002793 JP2011002793W WO2011155134A1 WO 2011155134 A1 WO2011155134 A1 WO 2011155134A1 JP 2011002793 W JP2011002793 W JP 2011002793W WO 2011155134 A1 WO2011155134 A1 WO 2011155134A1
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- noble metal
- metal fine
- protein
- fine particles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
- B22F1/0545—Dispersions or suspensions of nanosized particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D189/00—Coating compositions based on proteins; Coating compositions based on derivatives thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
- Y10S977/773—Nanoparticle, i.e. structure having three dimensions of 100 nm or less
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
- Y10S977/81—Of specified metal or metal alloy composition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/84—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure
- Y10S977/895—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure having step or means utilizing chemical property
Definitions
- the present invention relates to noble metal fine particles, and more particularly, a method for recovering noble metal fine particles from a noble metal fine particle adsorbed with a protective colloid for stable dispersion in a dispersion medium such as a solvent, and a noble metal fine particle dispersion in which noble metal fine particles are dispersed. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing a noble metal fine particle dispersion by redispersing the collected noble metal fine particles in a dispersion medium.
- noble metal fine particle dispersions in which the dispersion state of noble metal fine particles is stabilized using a protective colloid.
- a protective colloid remover is added to the dispersion to remove the protective colloid to some extent, and a flocculant is added to remove the precious metal fine particles. Aggregation is performed.
- the protective colloid, the protective colloid remover, and the flocculant include the following materials.
- Protein system gelatin, gum arabic, casein, casein compound
- Natural polymer starch, dextrin, agar, sodium alginate
- Cellulose system hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, modified cellulose
- Synthetic polymer systems such as Vinyl: Polyvinyl alcohol, Polyvinylpyrrolidone Acrylic: Poly (sodium acrylate), Poly (ammonium acrylate) Others: Polyethylene glycol, Polypropylene glycol
- Protective colloid remover (1) Proteolytic enzymes (serine protease, etc.) (2) Natural polymer-degrading enzymes (amylases, which are starch-degrading enzymes) (3) Cellulolytic enzyme (cellulase, etc.) (4) Organic solvent (formamide, etc.), acid, alkali
- the above-mentioned protective colloid remover is a material having a number corresponding to the number of the protective colloid to be removed (for example, the organic solvent listed in (4) is Used as a removal agent for protective colloids of synthetic polymers).
- Precious metal fine particle flocculant (1) Anionic flocculants (for example, partial hydrolysis products of polyacrylamide) (2) Cationic flocculant (for example, polyacrylamide, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (3) Amphoteric flocculant (for example, copolymer of alkylamino (meth) acrylate quaternary salt-acrylamide-acrylic acid)
- Anionic flocculants for example, partial hydrolysis products of polyacrylamide
- Cationic flocculant for example, polyacrylamide, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate
- Amphoteric flocculant for example, copolymer of alkylamino (meth) acrylate quaternary salt-acrylamide-acrylic acid
- an acid is added as a flocculant to adjust its pH to promote aggregation.
- the noble metal fine particles recovered from the noble metal fine particle dispersion and dried into a powder state can be re-dispersed in a dispersion medium such as a solvent or a paste and used as a paint or a conductive paste.
- a dispersion medium such as a solvent or a paste
- the precious metal fine particle powder recovered after removing the protective colloid to some extent is inferior in dispersibility (redispersibility) of the precious metal fine particles when redispersed in a dispersion medium such as a solvent.
- a dispersion medium such as a solvent.
- the recovery method of adding a protective colloid remover to the noble metal fine particle dispersion and further adding an aggregating agent is complicated.
- a recovery method is also known in which a complexing agent is added to the noble metal fine particle dispersion.
- a complexing agent is added to the noble metal fine particle dispersion.
- the adsorbed protective colloid falls off, and the effect of improving the redispersibility by the protective colloid is effective. There is a risk of reduction.
- the added complexing agent becomes an impurity that deteriorates the redispersibility.
- Patent Document 1 A conventional method for recovering noble metal fine particles from a noble metal fine particle dispersion containing a protective colloid is disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example.
- An object of the present invention is to provide noble metal fine particles having excellent redispersibility after recovery. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for recovering noble metal fine particles from a noble metal fine particle dispersion with a simple operation. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to produce a noble metal fine particle dispersion using the collected noble metal fine particles.
- the present invention includes a noble metal fine particle and a protein adsorbed on the surface of the noble metal fine particle, wherein the isoelectric point of the protein is in the range of pH 4.0 to 7.5, and the protein adsorption amount is the noble metal fine particle and Provided is a noble metal fine particle having a protein adsorbed in a range of 3 to 55.1% by weight based on the total weight of the protein.
- the present invention also provides: A precious metal fine particle and a protein adsorbed on the surface of the precious metal fine particle, wherein the isoelectric point of the protein is in the range of pH 4.0 to 7.5, and the amount of adsorption of the protein is a total of the precious metal fine particle and the protein
- the present invention provides A step of recovering precious metal fine particles to which protein is adsorbed by the above-described method; And a step of dispersing the collected noble metal fine particles in a second dispersion medium.
- a method for producing a noble metal fine particle dispersion containing noble metal fine particles adsorbed with protein is provided.
- the present invention provides: A precious metal fine particle and a protein adsorbed on the surface of the precious metal fine particle, wherein the isoelectric point of the protein is in the range of pH 4.0 to 7.5, and the amount of adsorption of the protein is a total of the precious metal fine particle and the protein Including noble metal fine particles adsorbed with protein having an average particle diameter of R in a range of 3 to 55.1% by weight and a first dispersion medium that is liquid, and containing the protein degrading enzyme Aggregating the noble metal fine particles in the first dispersion medium by adjusting the pH of the noble metal fine particle dispersion to the isoelectric point of the protein; Recovering the aggregated noble metal fine particles from the first dispersion medium by a solid-liquid separation operation; A step of preparing the noble metal fine particle dispersion in which the noble metal fine particles adsorbed with the protein having an average particle size of 0.9R or more and 1.1R or less are dispersed by dispersing the collected noble metal fine particles in the second dispersion
- the noble metal fine particles according to the present invention exhibit good redispersibility when recovered from a dispersion and dispersed in another dispersion medium.
- the recovered noble metal fine particles according to the present invention can be suitably used as a raw material for paints, conductive pastes and the like. Further, the method for recovering noble metal fine particles according to the present invention recovers noble metal fine particles without adding a protective colloid remover, and can be carried out by a simple operation.
- the protein is preferably casein.
- casein as a protective colloid, noble metal fine particles adsorbed with a protein exhibiting particularly excellent redispersibility can be obtained.
- the noble metal refers to eight elements of gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru), and osmium (Os).
- the noble metal fine particles are preferably made of at least one kind of noble metal selected from Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, Ru and Rh, and particularly preferably at least one kind of noble metal selected from Au, Ag and Pt.
- the average particle diameter of the noble metal fine particles to which the protein is adsorbed is in the range of 1 nm to 100 nm.
- the average particle size is in this range, noble metal fine particles exhibiting excellent redispersibility can be obtained.
- the average particle diameter of the noble metal fine particles adsorbed with protein is more preferably 1 nm to 50 nm.
- the noble metal fine particles adsorbed with the protein according to the present invention can be used as a noble metal fine particle dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- the noble metal fine particle dispersion is, for example, a noble metal fine particle dispersion containing the noble metal fine particles to which the protein according to the present invention is adsorbed and a liquid dispersion medium.
- the liquid is preferably a polar organic solvent.
- noble metal fine particle dispersion is a noble metal fine particle paste including the noble metal fine particles to which the protein according to the present invention is adsorbed and a dispersion medium which is a paste.
- Paste is a term that means a solid material having fluidity and viscosity.
- Proteins having an isoelectric point in the range of pH 4.0 to 7.5 include haptoglobulin (4.1), gelatin (4.0 to 5.0), casein (4.6), albumin (4.7) To 4.9), collagen (4.9 to 5.2), actin (5.0), insulin (5.4), fibrinogen (5.8), ⁇ 1-globulin (5.8), hemoglobin (7 .2), ⁇ 2-globulin (7.4) and the like.
- a noble metal salt solution for example, chloroauric acid solution
- a noble metal fine particle dispersion is prepared by adding a protein having an isoelectric point close to the pH of the solution to the noble metal salt solution, the noble metal fine particles may aggregate.
- a protein whose isoelectric point is significantly lower than the pH of the noble metal salt solution protein having an isoelectric point in a strongly acidic region
- the noble metal fine particles deteriorate during the aggregation treatment in the strong acid region, and the protein There is a risk of hindering the uniform adsorption.
- the pH of the protein is suitably 4.0 to 7.5.
- the amount of protein adsorbed on the precious metal fine particles is less than 3% by weight and exceeds 55.1% by weight based on the total weight of the precious metal fine particles and the protein, the average of the precious metal fine particles adsorbed with the protein after redispersion The particle size becomes large and the redispersibility becomes worse.
- the adsorption amount is less than 3% by weight, it is considered that the precious metal fine particles are likely to aggregate because the amount of the protein acting as a protective colloid is insufficient.
- the adsorbed amount exceeds 55.1% by weight, the details of the reason why the redispersibility is lowered are unclear, but conditions for adsorbing excess protein on precious metal fine particles during production (addition of excess protein)
- the particle size of the precious metal particles and the amount of protein adsorbed vary due to the influence of the protein, which may reduce the redispersibility (for example, the protein
- the reduction reaction of noble metal fine particles is carried out in a dispersion medium containing an excessive amount of the above, the reduction reaction is inhibited by the protein, or the adsorption of the protein becomes non-uniform due to an increase in the viscosity of the dispersion medium, resulting in the above-mentioned variations. May occur).
- the noble metal fine particle dispersion When the noble metal fine particle dispersion is formed as a colloid by a reduction method, the noble metal fine particle dispersion can be obtained by adding protein to the dispersion medium in advance (that is, before carrying out the reduction reaction). It can also be obtained by forming noble metal fine particles by a reduction method and then adding protein to the dispersion (dispersion medium).
- the pH of the noble metal fine particle dispersion is adjusted to the isoelectric point of the protein.
- the pH may be adjusted by adding a pH adjuster, typically an acid, to the noble metal fine particle dispersion. Note that the noble metal fine particles can be aggregated in the dispersion even when the pH of the noble metal fine particle dispersion does not completely match the isoelectric point of the protein.
- the aggregated noble metal fine particles are separated from the liquid dispersion medium (first dispersion medium) by solid-liquid separation operation.
- the solid-liquid separation operation is not particularly limited, and a known method such as centrifugation or filtration may be used. Centrifugation is preferable from the viewpoint of the time required for solid-liquid separation and the recovery rate of noble metal fine particles.
- noble metal fine particles are aggregated without adding a protein degrading enzyme functioning as a protective colloid removing agent to the noble metal fine particle dispersion. For this reason, the amount of protein adsorbed on the aggregated and collected noble metal fine particles is substantially the same as before the collection.
- the collected noble metal fine particles are dispersed in a new dispersion medium (second dispersion medium)
- a noble metal fine particle dispersion using the collected noble metal fine particles is obtained.
- the second dispersion medium may be selected according to the purpose of use.
- the second dispersion medium is a liquid or a paste.
- the second dispersion medium is a liquid, it may be the same kind of solvent as the first dispersion medium or a different kind of solvent.
- the average particle diameter of the noble metal fine particles dispersed in the second dispersion medium is a value that approximates the average particle diameter when dispersed in the first dispersion medium. It becomes possible. Specifically, the average particle diameter of the noble metal fine particles in the second dispersion medium can be set to 0.9R to 1.1R with respect to the average particle diameter R of the noble metal fine particles in the first dispersion medium.
- sucked as an average particle diameter shall be employ
- Example 1 Casein (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) as a protective colloid is added to 5.2 ml of 3-amino-1-propanol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) diluted to 5.52 mol / l, and stirred for 15 minutes. Dissolved. Furthermore, 0.8 ml of 0.2 mol / l chloroauric acid solution (manufactured by Mitsuwa Chemical) was added and stirred for 15 minutes.
- a reducing agent solution prepared by dissolving 4.7 mg of dimethylamine borane (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 158 mg of sodium ascorbate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) in 2 ml of pure water was added and heated to 80 ° C. After warming, the mixture was stirred for 60 minutes while maintaining the temperature to prepare a gold fine particle dispersion.
- the molar ratio of casein to gold determined from the input amount is 0.010.
- Example 2 A gold fine particle dispersion was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of casein added was changed to 6.4 mg. The molar ratio of casein to gold determined from the input amount is 0.017.
- Example 3 A gold fine particle dispersion was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of casein added was changed to 19.2 mg. The molar ratio of casein to gold determined from the input amount is 0.051.
- Example 4 A gold fine particle dispersion was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of casein added was changed to 38.4 mg. The molar ratio of casein to gold determined from the input amount is 0.102.
- Example 5 A gold fine particle dispersion was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of casein added was changed to 57.6 mg. The molar ratio of casein to gold determined from the input amount is 0.153.
- Example 6 A gold fine particle dispersion was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of casein added was changed to 96.0 mg. The molar ratio of casein to gold determined from the input amount is 0.254.
- Example 7 Sodium carbonate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) was dissolved in pure water to prepare 11.7 ml of a 0.0078 mol / l sodium carbonate aqueous solution. Furthermore, 75 mg of casein (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a protective colloid was added and dissolved. Next, a reducing agent solution prepared by dissolving 0.9 mg of dimethylamine borane in 2 ml of pure water was added and stirred for several minutes.
- a silver raw material solution prepared by mixing 15 ml of a 0.05 mol / l aqueous silver nitrate solution (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 1 g of 3-amino-1-propanol was added. After heating to 80 ° C. and stirring for 60 minutes while maintaining that temperature, a silver fine particle dispersion was prepared. The molar ratio of casein to silver determined from the input amount is 0.010.
- Example 8 Chloroplatinic acid (manufactured by Mitsuwa Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in pure water, 65 ml of 0.15 mol / l chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution was prepared, heated and heated to 80 ° C. Next, while maintaining the temperature, a solution in which 30 mg of casein was dissolved in 10 ml of an ammonia solution (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) whose ammonia concentration was adjusted to 2% by mass with respect to the entire solution was added.
- an ammonia solution manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- a reducing agent solution in which 30 mg of sodium borohydride (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in 5 ml of pure water was added and stirred for 60 minutes to prepare a platinum fine particle dispersion.
- the molar ratio of casein to platinum determined from the input amount is 0.130.
- Example 1 A gold fine particle dispersion was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of casein added was changed to 1.9 mg. The molar ratio of casein to gold determined from the input amount is 0.005.
- Example 2 A gold fine particle dispersion was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of casein added was changed to 3.2 mg. The molar ratio of casein to gold determined from the input amount is 0.008.
- Example 3 A gold fine particle dispersion was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of casein added was changed to 115.2 mg. The molar ratio of casein to gold determined from the input amount is 0.305.
- Example 4 A gold fine particle dispersion was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of casein added was changed to 153.6 mg. The molar ratio of casein to gold determined from the input amount is 0.407.
- Example 5 A gold fine particle dispersion was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of casein added was changed to 192.0 mg. The molar ratio of casein to gold determined from the input amount is 0.509.
- the average particle size of noble metal fine particles (noble metal fine particles adsorbed with casein) in the precious metal fine particle dispersion immediately after preparation was evaluated using a particle size distribution evaluation apparatus (FPAR-1000, manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.).
- FPAR-1000 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.
- a predetermined amount of 4.38 mol / l acetic acid was added to the noble metal fine particle dispersion, the pH was adjusted to the isoelectric point (4.6) of casein, and stirring was performed to aggregate the noble metal fine particles.
- noble metal fine particle aggregates were collected from the noble metal fine particle dispersion obtained by aggregating the noble metal fine particles by a centrifugal method.
- a precious metal fine particle aggregate is washed with pure water three times, dissolved in 3 mol / l aminoethanol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries), and stirred for 30 minutes to redisperse the precious metal fine particle redispersed liquid. Prepared.
- the average particle size of the redispersed noble metal fine particles was evaluated with the above particle size distribution evaluation apparatus, and the ratio of change to the average particle size in the precious metal fine particle dispersion immediately after preparation (average particle after redispersion) The diameter / average particle diameter before redispersion (immediately after preparation) was calculated.
- the said particle size distribution evaluation apparatus is an apparatus which measures a particle size distribution by the dynamic light scattering method. The average particle size is determined based on the Contin method based on the autocorrelation function corresponding to the above fluctuation obtained by the photon correlation method by observing the fluctuation of the scattered light intensity of the noble metal fine particles adsorbed with casein and using the software in the above apparatus. It is calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the ratio (change ratio) of the average particle diameter before and after the redispersion treatment is in the range of 0.9 to 1.1, and the average particle diameter hardly changes. That is, it was confirmed that the noble metal fine particles of Examples 1 to 8 showed excellent redispersibility.
- the amount of casein adsorbed on the colloid (noble metal fine particles) is in the range of 3 to 55.1% by weight with respect to the total weight of the noble metal fine particles (aggregates) and protein (casein). Is within this range, it is considered that the redispersibility is excellent.
- the present invention has utility value in a technical field where it is highly necessary to collect noble metal fine particles and reuse them as paints, conductive pastes and the like.
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Abstract
Description
(1)タンパク質系:ゼラチン、アラビアゴム、カゼイン、カゼイン化合物
(2)天然高分子:デンプン、デキストリン、寒天、アルギン酸ソーダ
(3)セルロース系:ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、変性セルロース
(4)合成高分子系、例えば、
ビニル系:ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン
アクリル系:ポリアクリル酸ソーダ、ポリアクリル酸アンモニウム
その他:ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール
(1)タンパク質分解酵素(セリンプロテアーゼなど)
(2)天然高分子分解酵素(デンプン分解酵素であるアミラーゼなど)
(3)セルロース分解酵素(セルラーゼなど)
(4)有機溶媒(ホルムアミドなど)、酸、アルカリ
なお、上記保護コロイド除去剤は、除去するべき保護コロイドの番号に対応する番号の材料が用いられる(例えば、(4)に挙げた有機溶媒は、合成高分子系の保護コロイドの除去剤として用いられる)。
(1)アニオン系凝集剤(例えば、ポリアクリルアミドの部分加水分解生成物)
(2)カチオン系凝集剤(例えば、ポリアクリルアミド、ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート)
(3)両性凝集剤(例えば、アルキルアミノ(メタ)アクリレート四級塩-アクリルアミド-アクリル酸の共重合物)
なお、凝集剤として酸を添加してそのpHを調整し、凝集を促進する方法も知られている。
貴金属微粒子と、前記貴金属微粒子の表面に吸着したタンパク質とを含み、前記タンパク質の等電点がpH4.0~7.5の範囲にあり、前記タンパク質の吸着量が前記貴金属微粒子および前記タンパク質の合計重量に対して3~55.1重量%の範囲にある、タンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子と、液体である第1分散媒体とを含み、前記タンパク質の分解酵素を含まない貴金属微粒子分散液のpHを前記タンパク質の等電点に調整することにより、前記第1分散媒体中において前記タンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子を凝集させる工程と、
固液分離操作により、前記凝集した貴金属微粒子を前記第1分散媒体から回収する工程と、を含む、タンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子の回収方法を提供する。
上述の方法によりタンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子を回収する工程と、
前記回収した貴金属微粒子を第2分散媒体に分散させる工程と、を含む、タンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子を含む貴金属微粒子分散体の製造方法を提供する。
貴金属微粒子と、前記貴金属微粒子の表面に吸着したタンパク質とを含み、前記タンパク質の等電点がpH4.0~7.5の範囲にあり、前記タンパク質の吸着量が前記貴金属微粒子および前記タンパク質の合計重量に対して3~55.1重量%の範囲にあり、平均粒径がRである、タンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子と、液体である第1分散媒体とを含み、前記タンパク質の分解酵素を含まない貴金属微粒子分散液のpHを前記タンパク質の等電点に調整することにより、前記第1分散媒体中において前記貴金属微粒子を凝集させる工程と、
固液分離操作により、前記凝集した貴金属微粒子を前記第1分散媒体から回収する工程と、
前記回収された貴金属微粒子を第2分散媒体に分散させることにより、平均粒径が0.9R以上1.1R以下である、タンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子が分散した貴金属微粒子分散体を調製する工程と、を含む、タンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子を含む貴金属微粒子分散体の製造方法を提供する。
保護コロイドとするカゼイン(関東化学製)3.8mgを、5.52mol/lに希釈した3-アミノ-1-プロパノール(和光純薬工業製)5.2mlに加え、15分間撹拌し、カゼインを溶解させた。さらに、0.2mol/lの塩化金酸溶液(三津和化学製)0.8mlを添加し、15分間撹拌した。次に、ジメチルアミンボラン(和光純薬製)4.7mgとアスコルビン酸ナトリウム(和光純薬製)158mgを純水2mlに溶解させて調製した還元剤溶液を添加し、加熱して80℃に昇温した後にその温度を保ちつつ60分間撹拌し、金微粒子分散液を調製した。投入量から求めた金に対するカゼインのモル比は0.010である。
カゼインの添加量を6.4mgに変更した以外は実施例1と同様に金微粒子分散液を調製した。投入量から求めた金に対するカゼインのモル比は0.017である。
カゼインの添加量を19.2mgに変更した以外は実施例1と同様に金微粒子分散液を調製した。投入量から求めた金に対するカゼインのモル比は0.051である。
カゼインの添加量を38.4mgに変更した以外は実施例1と同様に金微粒子分散液を調製した。投入量から求めた金に対するカゼインのモル比は0.102である。
カゼインの添加量を57.6mgに変更した以外は実施例1と同様に金微粒子分散液を調製した。投入量から求めた金に対するカゼインのモル比は0.153である。
カゼインの添加量を96.0mgに変更した以外は実施例1と同様に金微粒子分散液を調製した。投入量から求めた金に対するカゼインのモル比は0.254である。
炭酸ナトリウム(和光純薬工業製)を純水に溶解させ、0.0078mol/lの炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を11.7ml調製した。さらに、保護コロイドとするカゼイン(関東化学製)75mgを添加し、溶解させた。次に、ジメチルアミンボラン0.9mgを純水2mlに溶解させて調製した還元剤溶液を添加し、数分間撹拌した。次に、0.05mol/lの硝酸銀水溶液(関東化学製)15mlと3-アミノ-1-プロパノール1gを混合して調製した銀原料溶液を0.64ml添加した。加熱して80℃に昇温した後にその温度を保ちつつ60分間撹拌し、銀微粒子分散液を調製した。投入量から求めた銀に対するカゼインのモル比は0.010である。
塩化白金酸(三津和化学製)を純水に溶解させ、0.15mol/lの塩化白金酸水溶液を65ml調製し、加熱して80℃に昇温した。次に、その温度を保ったまま、溶液全体に対するアンモニアの濃度を2質量%に調整したアンモニア溶液(和光純薬工業製)10mlにカゼイン30mgを溶解した溶液を添加した。さらに、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(キシダ化学製)30mgを純水5mlに溶解させた還元剤溶液を添加し、60分間撹拌し、白金微粒子分散液を調製した。投入量から求めた白金に対するカゼインのモル比は0.130である。
カゼインの添加量を1.9mgに変更した以外は実施例1と同様に金微粒子分散液を調製した。投入量から求めた金に対するカゼインのモル比は0.005である。
カゼインの添加量を3.2mgに変更した以外は実施例1と同様に金微粒子分散液を調製した。投入量から求めた金に対するカゼインのモル比は0.008である。
カゼインの添加量を115.2mgに変更した以外は実施例1と同様に金微粒子分散液を調製した。投入量から求めた金に対するカゼインのモル比は0.305である。
カゼインの添加量を153.6mgに変更した以外は実施例1と同様に金微粒子分散液を調製した。投入量から求めた金に対するカゼインのモル比は0.407である。
カゼインの添加量を192.0mgに変更した以外は実施例1と同様に金微粒子分散液を調製した。投入量から求めた金に対するカゼインのモル比は0.509である。
実施例および比較例の貴金属微粒子分散液について、以下の方法により貴金属微粒子の再分散性を評価した。
酢酸の添加により凝集した貴金属微粒子凝集物を110℃の大気雰囲気中に2時間保持して乾燥させ、溶媒分を除去した後、不活性雰囲気で熱重量分析を行い、重量変化よりカゼインの吸着量を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
Claims (10)
- 貴金属微粒子と、前記貴金属微粒子の表面に吸着したタンパク質とを含み、
前記タンパク質の等電点がpH4.0~7.5の範囲にあり、前記タンパク質の吸着量が前記貴金属微粒子および前記タンパク質の合計重量に対して3~55.1重量%の範囲にある、タンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子。 - 前記タンパク質がカゼインである、請求項1に記載のタンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子。
- 前記貴金属微粒子がPt、Pd、Au、Ag、RuおよびRhから選ばれる少なくとも一種の貴金属からなる、請求項1に記載のタンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子。
- 前記タンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子の平均粒径が1nm~100nmの範囲にある、請求項1に記載のタンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子。
- 前記タンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子の平均粒径が1nm~50nmの範囲にある、請求項4に記載のタンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子。
- 請求項1に記載のタンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子と液体である分散媒体とを含む、貴金属微粒子分散液。
- 請求項1に記載のタンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子とペーストである分散媒体とを含む、貴金属微粒子分散ペースト。
- 貴金属微粒子と、前記貴金属微粒子の表面に吸着したタンパク質とを含み、前記タンパク質の等電点がpH4.0~7.5の範囲にあり、前記タンパク質の吸着量が前記貴金属微粒子および前記タンパク質の合計重量に対して3~55.1重量%の範囲にある、タンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子と、液体である第1分散媒体とを含み、前記タンパク質の分解酵素を含まない貴金属微粒子分散液のpHを前記タンパク質の等電点に調整することにより、前記第1分散媒体中において前記タンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子を凝集させる工程と、
固液分離操作により、前記凝集した貴金属微粒子を前記第1分散媒体から回収する工程と、を含む、タンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子の回収方法。 - 請求項8に記載の方法によりタンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子を回収する工程と、
前記回収された貴金属微粒子を第2分散媒体に分散させる工程と、を含む、タンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子を含む貴金属微粒子分散体の製造方法。 - 貴金属微粒子と、前記貴金属微粒子の表面に吸着したタンパク質とを含み、前記タンパク質の等電点がpH4.0~7.5の範囲にあり、前記タンパク質の吸着量が前記貴金属微粒子および前記タンパク質の合計重量に対して3~55.1重量%の範囲にあり、平均粒径がRである、タンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子と、液体である第1分散媒体とを含み、前記タンパク質の分解酵素を含まない貴金属微粒子分散液のpHを前記タンパク質の等電点に調整することにより、前記第1分散媒体中において前記貴金属微粒子を凝集させる工程と、
固液分離操作により、前記凝集した貴金属微粒子を前記第1分散媒体から回収する工程と、
前記回収された貴金属微粒子を第2分散媒体に分散させることにより、平均粒径が0.9R以上1.1R以下である、タンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子が分散した貴金属微粒子分散体を調製する工程と、を含む、タンパク質が吸着した貴金属微粒子を含む貴金属微粒子分散体の製造方法。
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