WO2011152495A1 - 擁壁構造及び植栽可能な擁壁構築法 - Google Patents
擁壁構造及び植栽可能な擁壁構築法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011152495A1 WO2011152495A1 PCT/JP2011/062705 JP2011062705W WO2011152495A1 WO 2011152495 A1 WO2011152495 A1 WO 2011152495A1 JP 2011062705 W JP2011062705 W JP 2011062705W WO 2011152495 A1 WO2011152495 A1 WO 2011152495A1
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- retaining wall
- space
- soil
- block
- filling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a retaining wall structure and a planting retaining wall construction method, in particular, a structure of a retaining wall having a growth space for animals and plants and a movement space for small animals, etc. , Technology related to the construction method of building a retaining wall at the same time as planting.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a retaining wall block that includes a front and rear wall and a connecting body that connects both the front and rear walls and has an upper and lower surface opening-like body space. That is, a plurality of retaining wall blocks are stacked in a staircase shape so that the upper front portion of the lower retaining wall block opens and communicates with the outside to construct a retaining wall. And the green space by natural vegetation is aimed at by filling the front space where the inner upper surface front part of the containment space of these retaining wall blocks opens and communicates with the outside.
- the retaining wall structure described above may not function as a revetment retaining wall.
- the soil is scoured by the flowing water that has entered the soil area, and the scoured soil overflows and the scouring material in the containment space flows out. This is because the retaining wall may collapse.
- Various measures have been attempted as a solution to these problems, but the scouring and outflow of the guest soil material cannot be prevented only by the construction being complicated.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and has a simple structure to prevent scouring and outflow of boring materials or guest soil materials, and has a growth space for animals and plants and a movement space for small animals and the like. It is an object of the present invention to provide a retaining wall structure and a plantable retaining wall construction method for constructing a retaining wall simultaneously with planting.
- the retaining wall structure according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of retaining wall blocks each having an opening on the upper surface and a hollow space inside, and are stepped to form a retaining wall block located at a lower stage.
- Retaining wall structure constructed so that a part of the upper surface faces the external space, and the upper layer of the internal space facing the external space so that the internal material filled in the internal space does not face the external space The part is filled with a lump as an anti-scouring material to prevent the scouring material from being scoured.
- a lump such as a scouring preventive material, for example, crushed stone or concrete glass, is packed in the upper layer of the intrusion space, so that the intruder does not face the external space. Therefore, even when the river is flooded, it is possible to prevent the trunk material from being scoured by the lump as the scour preventing material.
- a scouring preventive material for example, crushed stone or concrete glass
- a retaining wall structure according to a second aspect of the present invention is the retaining wall structure according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the front and rear of a part of the opening portion of the retaining wall block facing the outer space with the maximum diameter of the lump. By making it larger than the width, the mass is prevented from flowing out through the opening.
- the maximum diameter of the lump is larger than the front and rear width of a part of the opening of the retaining wall block facing the external space, so that the lump can pass through the opening even when the river increases. Prevents leakage to the outside. This is because even if the river is flooded by covering the upper part of the inflatable space facing the outside with a lump of size that is difficult to flow into the running water, the inflatable material is scoured with the running water of the river. It is intended to prevent As a result, it is possible to steadily prevent scouring of the lower-layer body-filling material by the bulk material packed in the upper-layer portion.
- the maximum diameter of the lump refers to the length (longest diameter or maximum dimension) of the longest axis of one lump.
- the retaining wall structure according to the invention described in claim 3 is the retaining wall structure according to the invention described in claim 2, and has a water-retaining property and a particle size material that also functions as a guest soil material. It is characterized by using.
- the internal space filled with the particle size material can be made an unscoured space. it can.
- the particle size material has water retention and also functions as a guest soil material.
- the particle size material not only serves as a containment material, but also as a guest soil material Can also play a role. That is, the particle size material that plays the role of the trunking material can also serve as a substitute for the guest soil material.
- the retaining wall block becomes a high-value-added revetment block having a growth function as a planting block.
- a retaining wall structure according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the retaining wall structure according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein a gap is formed by stuffing a plurality of lumps into the upper layer portion of the containment space.
- a gap is formed by stuffing a plurality of lumps into the upper layer portion of the containment space.
- it is characterized in that it is a bent communication path that communicates the external space and the space filled with the waist-filling material.
- the shape of the bent communication path formed by stuffing a plurality of lumps into the upper layer of the containment space is flexible according to the growth of trees (trunk diameter) existing in the bent communication path. It can be deformed while corresponding. That is, it is deformed flexibly according to the growth of the tree (trunk diameter). For example, when a tree grows and the trunk diameter becomes thick, the gap of the bent communication path around the trunk becomes cramped, and eventually the trunk of the tree pushes each lump around and the bending communication path gradually becomes larger (large diameter ) Deformed. In other words, since the bent communication path is not fixed, the possibility that the growth of the tree is hindered is extremely low. If the communication path is made of concrete, the hole diameter is not deformed, so there is a high possibility that the growth of trees will be hindered.
- a retaining wall structure according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the retaining wall structure according to the fourth aspect, wherein the retaining wall block having an opening on the upper surface and a hollow space inside is at least the front and rear walls. And a connecting body that connects both the front and rear walls.
- a partition is disposed in the upper part of the containment space so as to face the upper part of the front wall, and is washed between the partition and the upper part of the front wall.
- a digging prevention space is formed.
- the trunking space becomes the ground-breaking space.
- the partition body that divides the containment space into the scouring prevention space and the customer soil space is sucked to the outside through the bent communication path of the scouring prevention space when the soil material filled in the customer soil space behind the partition body. Can be prevented. (Damping prevention effect). It should be noted that a single-grain crushed stone (for example, 13 mm to 20 mm) that cannot be used as a guest soil material is not sucked into the bent communication path, so that a partition is not necessarily required except for inconvenience in construction. .
- the retaining wall structure according to the invention of claim 6 is the retaining wall structure according to claim 5, wherein the front wall lower end portion of the upper retaining wall block is arranged in a vertically superposed state on the partition, and The upper surface of the opening of the scouring prevention space is partially blocked by the lower end of the wall.
- the opening upper surface of the scouring prevention space is partially blocked by the lower end portion of the front wall of the upper retaining wall block, so that the bottom surface of the lower end portion of the partially blocked front wall is directly or indirectly massive.
- the upper surface of the object can be covered, and the outflow of the lump can be reliably prevented. As a result, it is possible to steadily prevent the scouring material from being washed and spilled.
- the retaining wall structure according to the invention described in claim 7 is the retaining wall structure according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the front wall of the retaining wall block has a rear inclined plate shape in front and rear height.
- the front wall of the retaining wall block has a rear-inclined shape at the front, rear, and rear height, so that the distance between the front and rear of the upper surface of the opening is larger than that of a conventional retaining wall block having a vertical front wall.
- the front wall in the shape of an inclined plate as small as the width before and after the planar projection.
- the scour prevention space can be gradually narrowed upward.
- the retaining wall structure according to the invention described in claim 8 is the retaining wall structure according to claim 5 or 6, wherein rain water or the like that has flowed in from the upper surface of the opening of the scouring prevention space passes into the stagnation space through the scouring prevention space. It flows in, and it is made to flow sequentially into the storage space of the retaining wall block in the immediately lower stage.
- a plantable retaining wall construction method is a plantable retaining wall construction method for constructing the retaining wall structure according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein A step of placing in the retaining wall block, a step of filling the customer soil space to a predetermined height in a state where plants are arranged, and a scouring prevention space by arranging a partition on the customer soil material And a step of filling the remaining customer soil space with a guest soil material, and a step of stuffing a plurality of lumps as a scour preventive material into the scour preventive space.
- the planting material is filled in by placing the planting plant in the retaining wall block in advance. And planting work can proceed simultaneously. As a result, the time and cost required for planting can be greatly reduced.
- a pussy willow can be grown.
- a plantable retaining wall construction method is a plantable retaining wall construction method for constructing the retaining wall structure according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein Filling the space with the required soil material up to the required height, placing the plant on the ground material in the retaining wall block, and placing the ground material in the remaining space with the plant placed A step of filling up to a predetermined height, a step of arranging a partition on the customer soil material to form a scour prevention space, a step of filling the remaining customer soil space with a customer soil material, and a scour prevention space And a step of stuffing a plurality of lumps as scouring preventing materials therein.
- a plantable retaining wall construction method is a plantable retaining wall construction method for constructing the retaining wall structure according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein Filling the space with the soil material up to a predetermined height, placing a partition on the soil material to form a scouring prevention space, and filling the remaining soil space with the soil material It has a process, the process of inserting the plant to plant in a guest soil material, and the process of stuffing a plurality of block parts as a scour prevention material in the scour prevention space.
- the present invention has the following effects. That is, when the retaining wall structure is applied as a revetment retaining wall, it is possible to prevent the scouring and outflowing of the guest soil material due to the increased river flow. As a result, the structure can be simplified, and the scouring and outflow prevention effect of the guest soil material can be firmly maintained. In addition, by stuffing the lump, it is possible to secure a living space for living things such as animals and plants and a moving space for small animals, etc., so that the retaining wall can be steadily greened and the living environment is well prepared. Can do. In this case, the body space is filled with a particle size material having water retention capacity as a body material, and a lump is packed into the upper layer portion of the body space facing the external space.
- Y shown in FIG. 1 is a retaining wall for revetment according to the present invention, in which a retaining wall block A1 for fish nest and a retaining wall block A2 for vegetation are stacked on the base B in a stepped manner. It is built by.
- N is a willow cat as a plant vegetated on the retaining wall block A2 for vegetation.
- the retaining wall Y is provided with a foundation part B in the ground of the river bed K1, and a retaining wall block A1 for the lowermost fish nest that forms a part of the foundation part B.
- a retaining wall block for a fish nest that is laid for foundation consolidation and is one or more stages (two stages in this embodiment) in the river K2 below the normal water level and below the river bed K1 on the retaining wall block A1.
- A1 is stacked and a plurality of vegetation retaining wall blocks A2 are stacked in a staircase pattern.
- each of the retaining wall blocks A1 and A2 has upper and lower surface openings 12 and 13 on the upper and lower surfaces, and a retractable space S1 inside (see FIG. 7).
- the retaining wall Y is stacked so that a part of the upper surface of the retaining wall block A2 located at the lower stage, that is, a part of the upper surface opening 12 faces the immediately upper space S5 that is the external space,
- the retaining wall block A2 is filled with a particle size material D2 as a casing material to form an empty retaining wall.
- the upper portion of the containment space S1 facing the directly above space S5 is filled with a lump D1 as a scouring prevention material, for example, crushed stone, quarry stone or concrete glass, and filled into the containment space S1.
- the particle size material D2 is prevented from facing the space S5 immediately above.
- the maximum diameter of the lump D1 is made larger than the front-rear width W1 of a part of the upper surface of the retaining wall block A2 facing the external space, thereby preventing the lump D1 from flowing out to the outside. Yes. This is because, even when the river K2 is increased in water by covering the upper layer portion of the containment space S1 facing the immediately upper space S5 with the lump D1 that is not discharged by the flowing water, This is to prevent D2 from being scoured.
- the retaining wall block A1 for fish nest and the retaining wall block A2 for vegetation each have a common block body 1 as shown in FIG.
- the retaining wall block A1 for the fish nest is formed with a hole 18 through which an aquatic animal can go in and out on the front wall 4 of the block body 1 to improve the fish nest function.
- the retaining wall block A2 for vegetation has a partition 3 assembled between the upper portions of the left and right walls 6 and 7 of the block body 1 to form a scouring prevention space S2. That is, the scouring prevention space S2 is a space surrounded by the partition 3, the upper portion of the front wall 4 facing the front, and the upper portions of the left and right walls 6 and 7 and having upper and lower surfaces opened. Yes.
- the scour prevention space S2 is filled with a plurality of lumps D1 to form gaps between adjacent lumps D1, and is a space filled with the space S5 immediately above and the particle size material D2 (customer land to be described later) It forms a bent communication passage S4 that communicates with the space S3).
- a lump body D1 as a containment material for example, a calcite having a minimum diameter of 50 mm to 200 mm, is filled.
- the same block D1 is filled behind the wall block A1 as a backfill material.
- the gap formed between the filled lumps is used as a habitat for fish and crustaceans.
- the lump D1 is packed in the scouring prevention space S2 of the retaining wall block A2 for vegetation.
- a calcite having a minimum diameter of 50 mm to 150 mm is suitable for use.
- the lump D1 having a minimum diameter of less than 50 mm is unsuitable for use because it tends to flow out and is inferior in the scouring prevention function.
- the lump D1 having a minimum diameter larger than 150 mm is used because the diameter of the bent communication path S4 formed by them increases and the particle size material D2 may be sucked out through the bent communication path S4. Not suitable for.
- the particle size material D2 as the containment material is filled except for the scour prevention space S2.
- a particle diameter material D2 having water retention and functioning as a guest soil material for example, a crushed stone having a minimum diameter of 1/16 mm to 40 mm is suitable.
- the same particle diameter material D2 is filled as a backfilling material behind the retaining wall block A2.
- the particle diameter material D2 having a minimum diameter larger than 40 mm is unsuitable for use since water retention is extremely reduced.
- the thing with a minimum diameter or a particle size smaller than 1 / 16mm is called mud (clay and silt), and is unsuitable for vegetation.
- the base portion sliding resistor 23 is disposed between the base portion B and the lowermost retaining wall block A1 mounted on the base portion B, and the base portion sliding resistor 23 is used.
- the lowermost retaining wall block A1 is prevented from sliding.
- a boundary sliding resistor 30 is disposed between the retaining wall block A1 stacked on the retaining wall block A1, and the boundary sliding resistor 30 allows the upper retaining wall block A1 to be The sliding resistance is strengthened.
- the sliding resistance body 30 is disposed, and the sliding resistance force of the upper retaining wall block A1 or the retaining wall block A2 is reinforced by each boundary sliding resistance body 30.
- the block main body 1 is formed in a rectangular cylindrical shape having upper and lower openings from the rectangular plate-like front and rear walls 4 and 5 and the left and right walls 6 and 7,
- the rear wall 5 is formed lower than half the height of the front wall 4.
- the lower end surface of the block body 1 is formed in a horizontal plane so as to be horizontally stacked, and the front wall 4 is formed in a horizontally long rectangular plate shape.
- An inclined gradient ⁇ is provided.
- the front wall 4 is a substantially uniform thick plate, and the outer surface has a halved gradient.
- the rear wall 5 is also substantially in parallel with the front wall 4 and has a rearwardly inclined shape in front and rear and rear height.
- the left and right side walls 6 and 7 form front top end faces 6a and 7a having the same height as the front wall 4 from the lower end of the front surface of the rear wall 5 to the imaginary line position raised vertically upward.
- substantially vertical rear end surfaces 6b and 7b are formed.
- the lower ends of the substantially vertical rear end faces 6b and 7b are arranged at the same height position as the upper end face of the rear wall 5, and rear top end faces 6c and 7c continuous with the rear wall 5 are formed at the same height position.
- notched stepped recesses 6d and 7d are formed above the rear wall 5 from substantially vertical rear end surfaces 6b and 7b and rear top end surfaces 6c and 7c.
- a stepped fitting recess as a support portion that opens upward and inward at the front upper position.
- 16 and 17 are formed in an inverted trapezoidal shape when viewed from the side.
- the left and right end portions of the partition body 3 formed in the shape of a horizontally long rectangular plate extending in the left-right direction are fitted to the both-stage fitting recesses 16 and 17 so as to be freely detachable from above, and the partition body 3 is horizontally mounted. ing.
- the partition body 3 is disposed in the upper part of the storage space S1 so as to face the upper part of the front wall 4 substantially in front and rear.
- the upper surface of the partition 3 is flush with the upper surface of the block body 1. And on the upper surface of the partition 3, the lower end surface of the front wall 4 of the block main body 1 stacked in the immediately upper stage is brought into contact with the vertically superposed state. By doing so, the particle size material D2 in the block body 1 in the immediately upper stage is prevented from falling and flowing into the scour prevention space S2 of the block body 1 in the lower stage.
- the above-described scouring prevention space S2 is formed in the upper portion of the front side in the barreling space S1, and the vertical width of the scouring prevention space S2 is determined by the vertical width H of the partition 3. While the lump D1 is packed in the scour prevention space S2, the remaining particle-containing space S1 is filled with the particle size material D2.
- the remaining trunk space S ⁇ b> 1 is formed as a customer soil space S ⁇ b> 3 by filling the inside of the particle size material D ⁇ b> 2 having water retention properties as the customer soil material.
- the front-rear width W2 between the partition 3 forming the scouring prevention space S2 and the inner surface upper edge of the front wall 4 is 2 to 4 times the minimum diameter of the block D1.
- the vertical width H of the partition 3 is 2 to 4 times the minimum diameter of the block D1.
- the partition body 3 that divides the torso space S1 into the scouring prevention space S2 and the customer soil space S3 is configured such that the customer soil material filled in the customer soil space S3 behind the partition body 3 is a bent communication path of the scouring prevention space S2. Prevents being sucked out through S4 (sucking prevention effect).
- the partition 3 In the case of single-grain crushed stone (for example, 13 mm to 20 mm) that cannot be used as a guest soil material, the partition 3 is not necessarily required except for inconvenience in construction because it is not sucked into the bent communication path. do not do. That is, in this embodiment, since the fine particle size material (the ratio of 1 mm or less is 50% or more) having water retention is adopted as the guest soil material, the partition body 3 is arranged.
- the partition body 3 is not necessarily arranged.
- the vertical width of the scouring prevention space S2 is determined by the thickness of the layer of the massive material D1 stuffed into the scouring prevention space S2.
- the front-rear width of the scouring prevention space S2 is at least the position of the lower end edge of the inner surface of the front wall 4 of the block body 1 that is mounted immediately above the inner upper edge of the front wall 4 of the lower block main body 1 Up to.
- the opening part 14 is formed.
- the interval W1 between the open portions 14 is smaller than the maximum diameter of the block D1 packed in the scour prevention space S2 so that the block D1 does not flow out through the open unit 14.
- the interval W1 before and after the opening portion 14 includes a conventional vertical front wall.
- the front wall 4 having a gradient ⁇ can be set to have a width W3 (see FIG. 7) before and after the planar projection.
- the scour prevention space S2 can be a space that gradually narrows upward. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the plurality of lumps D1 packed in the scour prevention space S2 from flowing out of the block body 1 through the open portion 14 by the river K2 having increased water.
- the front wall 4 having the gradient ⁇ is configured such that rain water or the like flows down smoothly and steadily along the outer surface thereof and flows into the scour preventing space S2 through the open portion 14.
- the rainwater and the like flowing into the scour prevention space S2 of each block main body 1 is in the customer soil space S3 ⁇ the customer soil space S3 of the block main body 1 immediately below ⁇ the customer land of the block main body 1 immediately below that It is configured to flow into the space S3 and sequentially flow into the customer soil space S3 of the lowermost block body 1.
- the soil in the soil space S3 can maintain good water retention / drainage / breathability and maintain a better vegetation function.
- the lower end surface portion of the front wall 4 of the block main body 1 arranged in the immediately upper stage is mounted on the partition 3 arranged in the lower block main body 1 and partially opens the opening 14 of the scouring prevention space S2. Blocked. That is, the front-rear width W2 between the partition 3 and the inner surface upper edge of the front wall 4 is greater than the front-rear distance W1 of the opening 14. And the space
- the lower end of the front wall 4 of the upper block body 1 is partially closed by the front lower edge 4a of the lower wall of the scour prevention space S2, thereby lowering the lower end of the partially closed front wall 4.
- the upper surface of the lump can be covered directly or indirectly with the bottom surface of the part.
- the joints 8 and 9 as the left and right spacing holding pieces are bulged outward and extended in the vertical direction.
- Tapered surfaces 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b are formed on the front and rear sides of the joints 8, 9, respectively.
- communication portion forming recesses 8c and 9c are formed in the lower part of the front ends of the joints 8 and 9 and open in the front-rear direction, the outer side, and the lower side.
- the plurality of block bodies 1 and 1 can be arranged in a connected state on substantially the same straight line extending in the left-right direction.
- the joint portion 8 of the block body 1 is joined in a butted state.
- a front space S6 opened forward and upward / downward is formed by the joined portions 8 and 9, the right side wall 7 of the left block body 1, and the left side wall 6 of the right block body 1. I have to.
- the joined portions 8 and 9 are joined to the communicating portion forming recesses 8c and 9c to form a lateral communicating passage 10 penetrating in the front-rear direction, and the communicating passage 10 is connected to the front space S6.
- the rear backfill space S7 is communicated.
- a concave portion 19 extending as a concave portion in the direction of extending the retaining wall is formed in the river bed K ⁇ b> 1 that is the foundation ground, and the basic portion B is disposed in the concave portion 19.
- a bottom support material is laid on the bottom of the recess 19 and rolled to form a bottom layer 20.
- a particle diameter material D2 for example, crushed stone
- the bottom support material a particle diameter material D2 (for example, crushed stone) having an internal friction angle equal to or larger than the ground material forming the river bed K1 is used.
- the foundation part anti-sliding body 23 disposed on the bottom layer 20 is formed in a plate shape extending in the extending direction of the retaining wall with a vertically long end face.
- 24 and 25 are front and rear particle size material layers formed by filling and rolling the particle size material.
- the particle size material gravel mixed with sand, crushed stone, quarry stone, crushed concrete pieces, etc. are used.
- the block body 1 which is the lowermost retaining wall block A1 is placed on the front / rear particle size material layers 24, 25, and the front / rear grains are placed between the front / rear walls 4, 5 of the block body 1.
- the upper half part of the base part sliding resistor 23 projecting upward from the upper surfaces of the diameter material layers 24 and 25 is disposed, and the front wall 4 of the block body 1 and the upper half part of the base part sliding resistor 23 are arranged.
- the space formed between them is filled with a block D1 as a constraining layer forming material to form the front constraining layer 28, and the upper half of the sliding resistor 23 for the base portion and the rear wall of the block body 1
- the rear constraining layer 29 is formed by filling the space D5 with the lump D1.
- the lump D1 is filled as a backfilling material in the backfilling space S7 formed between the block body 1 and the cut surface J.
- a lump D1 is filled in each of the containment spaces S1 and the backfill space S7 behind as a containment material or a backfill material.
- a few vegetation retaining wall blocks A2 are stacked in a staircase pattern along the slope of the river bank K3 as the back ground.
- Each scouring prevention space S2 is packed with a lump D1
- the remainder of the stuffing space S1 and the back stuffing space S7 are filled with a particle size material D2 as a stuffing material or lining material. .
- the sliding resistance body 30 for a boundary part is each arrange
- Drawing 8 is an explanatory view of the 1st planting process, and has the following processes.
- (1) As shown in FIG. 8 (a), the pussy willow N is leaned against the front wall 4 or the left and right side walls 6 and 7 before filling the grain size material D2 in the soil S3. The process of arranging.
- (2) As shown in FIG. 8 (b), in the state where the pussy willow N is arranged, the particle size material D2 which is the customer soil material is filled to the first level L1 in the customer soil space S3 and the backfill space S7.
- the 1st level L1 is the same level (same ground height) as the lower end edge part of each stepped fitting recessed part 16 and 17 of the left and right side walls 6 and 7.
- the cat In the first planting process, when filling the guest soil material in the construction of the retaining wall Y, the cat will be filled with the particle size material D2 and planted by simply placing the pussy willow N in the retaining wall block A2 in advance. Work can proceed at the same time. As a result, the time and cost required for planting can be greatly reduced.
- Drawing 9 is an explanatory view of the 2nd planting process, and has the following processes.
- (1) As shown in FIG. 9 (a), when the length (length) of the pussy willow N is shorter than the height of the front wall of the retaining wall block, the inside of the customer soil space S3 and the backfill space S7 A step of filling the particle size material D2 which is a guest material into the third level L3.
- the third level L3 is an appropriate level (required ground height) for projecting the upper part of the pussy willow N upward from the block main body 1.
- (2) As shown in FIG. 9A, the pussy willow N is leaned against the front wall 4 or the left and right side walls 6 and 7 before filling the particle size material D2 in the soil S3.
- the lower end of the front wall 4 of the upper block body 1 on the partition 3 is arranged in a vertically superposed state, and the open portion 14 of the scouring prevention space S2 formed in the lower block body 1 is placed in front.
- the second planting step when the retaining wall Y is constructed, if the length (height) of the stem of the pussy willow N to be nurtured is shorter than the height of the front wall 4 of the block main body 1, the customer soil space in advance By filling the particle size material D2 to a required height in S3, planting corresponding to the length (length) of the stem can be easily performed simply by arranging the pussy willow N in the retaining wall block A2.
- Drawing 10 is an explanatory view of the 3rd planting process, and has the following processes. Such a process is adopted when the length (length) of the pussy willow N stem is considerably shorter than the height of the front wall of the retaining wall block.
- a step of forming the scouring prevention space S2 by arranging the partition 3 at a predetermined position on the particle size material D2 filled up to the first level L1.
- the length (length) of the pussy willow N stem is obtained by inserting the lower end of the pussy willow N to be planted into the particle size material D2 in the retaining wall block A2 through the scour prevention space S2. Even if it is much shorter than the height of the front wall of the retaining wall block, it can be planted easily.
- planting work was performed after the construction work of the retaining wall was completed.
- the retaining wall construction work and the planting work were performed separately.
- the pussy willow N is placed in the retaining wall block A2 in advance, thereby filling the particle size material D2.
- Work and planting work can proceed simultaneously as a series of work. Therefore, the construction work of the retaining wall Y can be completed and the planting work can be completed at the same time, and the time and cost required for the planting work can be greatly reduced. As a result, it is possible to increase the efficiency of the construction work and the planting work of the retaining wall Y.
- the particle size material D2 layer (custom soil material layer) may be appropriately rolled if necessary immediately after the particle size material D2 is filled.
- A1 Retaining wall block for fish nest A2 Retaining wall block for vegetation
- B Foundation Y Retaining wall 1
- Block body 4 Front wall 5
- Rear wall 6 Left side wall 7
Abstract
Description
図1に示すYは、本発明に係る護岸用の擁壁であり、魚巣用の擁壁ブロックA1と植生用の擁壁ブロックA2とを、基礎部B上に階段状に段積みすることにより構築している。Nは植生用の擁壁ブロックA2に植生させた植物としてのネコヤナギである。
ブロック本体1は、図3~図7に示すように、四角形板状の前・後壁4,5と左・右側壁6,7とから上・下面開口の四角形筒状に形成しており、後壁5は、前壁4の高さの半分よりも低く形成している。
図1及び図2に示すように、基礎地盤である河床K1に、凹部として擁壁延設方向に伸延する凹条部19を形成して、凹条部19内に基礎部Bを配設している。そして、凹条部19の底部には、底部支持材を敷設するとともに転圧して底部層20を形成している。ここで、底部支持材としては、内部摩擦角が前記河床K1を成形する地盤材と同等ないしはそれよりも大きい粒径材D2(例えば、砕石)を使用する。底部層20上に配置した基礎部用滑動防止体23は、端面縦長四角形で擁壁延設方向に伸延する板状に形成している。24,25は粒径材を充填・転圧して形成した前・後部粒径材層である。粒径材としては、砂混じりの礫、砕石、ぐり石、コンクリート破砕片等を使用する。
次に、擁壁Yを構築する際に、植生用の擁壁ブロックA2に植物としてのネコヤナギNを植栽する場合の施工工程を説明する。ここで、胴込め材には保水性を有し、客土材としても機能する粒径材を客土材として採用している。
(1)図8(a)に示すように、客土空間S3内に粒径材D2を充填する前にネコヤナギNを前壁4ないしは左・右側壁6,7に凭れ状に立て掛けるようにして配置する工程。
(2)図8(b)に示すように、ネコヤナギNを配置した状態で、客土空間S3内及び裏込め空間S7内に客土材である粒径材D2を第1レベルL1まで充填する工程。ここで、第1レベルL1とは、左・右側壁6,7の各段付き嵌合用凹部16,17の下端縁部と同一のレベル(同一地上高)である。
(3)図8(c)に示すように、第1レベルL1まで充填した粒径材D2上の所定の位置に仕切体3を配置して洗掘防止空間S2を形成する工程。
(4)図8(c)に示すように、仕切体3の背後に形成される残余の客土空間S3内及び裏込め空間S7内に粒径材D2を第2レベルL2まで充填する工程。ここで、第2レベルL2とは、前壁4の高さと同一のレベル(同一地上高)である。
(5)図8(c)に示すように、洗掘防止空間S2内に洗掘防止材として複数の塊状部D1を詰め込む工程。
(6)仕切体3上に上段のブロック本体1が有する前壁4の下端部を上下重合状態に配置するとともに、下段のブロック本体1内に形成した洗掘防止空間S2の開放部14を前壁4の下端部により一部閉塞して、上段のブロック本体1を階段状に段積みすることで、洗掘防止空間S2内に詰め込んだ塊状物D1が流出しないようにする工程。
(1)図9(a)に示すように、ネコヤナギNの茎の長さ(丈)が擁壁ブロックの前壁の高さよりも短い場合には、あらかじめ客土空間S3内及び裏込め空間S7内に客土材である粒径材D2を第3レベルL3まで充填する工程。ここで、第3レベルL3とは、ネコヤナギNの上部をブロック本体1から上方に突出させるのに適度なレベル(所要の地上高)である。
(2)図9(a)に示すように、客土空間S3内に粒径材D2を充填する前にネコヤナギNを前壁4ないしは左・右側壁6,7に凭れ状に立て掛けるようにして配置する工程。
(3)図9(b)に示すように、ネコヤナギNを配置した状態で、残余の客土空間S3内及び裏込め空間S7内に粒径材D2を所定の高さである第1レベルL1まで充填する工程。
(4)図9(c)に示すように、第1レベルL1まで充填した粒径材D2上の所定の位置に仕切体3を配置して洗掘防止空間S2を形成する工程。
(5)図9(c)に示すように、仕切体3の背後に形成される残余の客土空間S3内及び裏込め空間S7内に粒径材D2を第2レベルL2まで充填する工程。
(6)図9(c)に示すように、洗掘防止空間S2内に洗掘防止材として複数の塊状部D1を詰め込む工程。
(7)仕切体3上に上段のブロック本体1が有する前壁4の下端部を上下重合状態に配置するとともに、下段のブロック本体1内に形成した洗掘防止空間S2の開放部14を前壁4の下端部により一部閉塞して、上段のブロック本体1を階段状に段積みすることで、洗掘防止空間S2内に詰め込んだ塊状物D1が流出しないようにする工程。
(1)図10(a)に示すように、客土空間S3内及び裏込め空間S7内に客土材である粒径材D2を第1レベルL1まで充填する工程。
(2)図10(a)に示すように、第1レベルL1まで充填した粒径材D2上の所定の位置に仕切体3を配置して洗掘防止空間S2を形成する工程。
(3)図10(a)に示すように、仕切体3の背後に形成される残余の客土空間S3内及び裏込め空間S7内に粒径材D2を第2レベルL2まで充填する工程。
(4)図10(b)に示すように、ネコヤナギNの下端部を客土空間S3内に充填した粒径材D2中に差し込む工程。
(5)図10(c)に示すように、洗掘防止空間S2内に洗掘防止材として複数の塊状部D1を詰め込む工程。
(6)仕切体3上に上段のブロック本体1が有する前壁4の下端部を上下重合状態に配置するとともに、下段のブロック本体1内に形成した洗掘防止空間S2の開放部14を前壁4の下端部により一部閉塞して、上段のブロック本体1を階段状に段積みすることで、洗掘防止空間S2内に詰め込んだ塊状物D1が流出しないようにする工程。
また、植栽物を配置する工程の順番を遅らせることにより、植物の丈に見合った植栽環境が提供できるため植栽の幅が広がる。
なお、上記した第1~第3植栽工程において、粒径材D2を充填した直後に必要であれば粒径材D2層(客土材層)を適度に転圧してもよい。
符号の説明
A2 植生用の擁壁ブロック
B 基礎部
Y 擁壁
1 ブロック本体
4 前壁
5 後壁
6 左側壁
7 右側壁
Claims (11)
- 上面に開口部を有しかつ内部に胴込め空間を有する複数の擁壁ブロックを階段状に段積みして、下段に位置する擁壁ブロックの上面の一部が外部空間に直面するように構築する擁壁構造であって、
胴込め空間内に充填した胴込め材が外部空間と直面しないように、外部空間と直面する胴込め空間の上層部には洗掘防止材としての塊状物を詰め込むことで、胴込め材が洗掘されるのを防止したことを特徴とする擁壁構造。 - 塊状物の最大径は外部空間に直面する擁壁ブロックの開口部の一部の前後幅よりも大となすことで、塊状物が開口部を通して外部に流出されるのを防止したことを特徴とする請求項1記載の擁壁構造。
- 胴込め材としては、保水性を有して客土材としても機能する粒径材を使用したことを特徴とする請求項2記載の擁壁構造。
- 胴込め空間の上層部には複数の塊状物を詰め込むことで隙間を形成して、外部空間と胴込め材が充填された空間を連通する屈曲連通路となしたことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1記載の擁壁構造。
- 上面に開口部を有しかつ内部に胴込め空間を有する擁壁ブロックは、少なくとも前・後壁と両前・後壁を連結する連結体とを具備し、
胴込め空間の上部には前壁の上部と対向させて仕切体を配置して、仕切体と前壁の上部との間に洗掘防止空間を形成したことを特徴とする請求項4記載の擁壁構造。 - 上段の擁壁ブロックの前壁下端部は、直下段の擁壁ブロック内に配設した仕切体上に上下重合状態に配置するとともに、前壁下端部により洗掘防止空間の開口上面を一部閉塞したことを特徴とする請求項5項記載の擁壁構造。
- 擁壁ブロックの前壁は、前低後高の後傾板状となしたことを特徴とする請求項5又は6項記載の擁壁構造。
- 洗掘防止空間の開口上面より流入した雨水等は、洗掘防止空間を通して胴込め空間に流入し、直下段の擁壁ブロックの胴込め空間に順次流入するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項5又は6項記載の擁壁構造。
- 請求項5~8のいずれか1項記載の擁壁構造を構築する植栽可能な擁壁構築法であって、
植物を擁壁ブロック内に配置する工程と、
植物を配置した状態で客土空間内に客土材を所定の高さまで充填する工程と、
客土材上に仕切体を配置して洗掘防止空間を形成する工程と、
残余の客土空間内に客土材を充填する工程と、
洗掘防止空間内に洗掘防止材として複数の塊状部を詰め込む工程と、
を有することを特徴とする植栽可能な擁壁構築法。 - 請求項5~8のいずれか1項記載の擁壁構造を構築する植栽可能な擁壁構築法であって、
客土空間内に客土材を所要の高さまで充填する工程と、
植物を擁壁ブロック内の客土材上に配置する工程と、
植物を配置した状態で残余の客土空間内に客土材を所定の高さまで充填する工程と、
客土材上に仕切体を配置して洗掘防止空間を形成する工程と、
残余の客土空間内に客土材を充填する工程と、
洗掘防止空間内に洗掘防止材として複数の塊状部を詰め込む工程と、
を有することを特徴とする植栽可能な擁壁構築法。 - 請求項5~8のいずれか1項記載の擁壁構造を構築する植栽可能な擁壁構築法であって、
客土空間内に客土材を所定の高さまで充填する工程と、
客土材上に仕切体を配置して洗掘防止空間を形成する工程と、
残余の客土空間内に客土材を充填する工程と、
植物を洗掘防止空間を通して擁壁ブロック内の客土材中に差し込む工程と、
洗掘防止空間内に洗掘防止材として複数の塊状部を詰め込む工程と、
を有することを特徴とする植栽可能な擁壁構築法。
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WO2006021987A1 (ja) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-02 | Toeishokou Kabushiki Kaisha | 植生用擁壁 |
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WO2006021987A1 (ja) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-02 | Toeishokou Kabushiki Kaisha | 植生用擁壁 |
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