WO2011125906A1 - ポリカーボネート樹脂、同樹脂の組成物及び同樹脂の成形体 - Google Patents
ポリカーボネート樹脂、同樹脂の組成物及び同樹脂の成形体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011125906A1 WO2011125906A1 PCT/JP2011/058339 JP2011058339W WO2011125906A1 WO 2011125906 A1 WO2011125906 A1 WO 2011125906A1 JP 2011058339 W JP2011058339 W JP 2011058339W WO 2011125906 A1 WO2011125906 A1 WO 2011125906A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/04—Aromatic polycarbonates
- C08G64/06—Aromatic polycarbonates not containing aliphatic unsaturation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0066—Flame-proofing or flame-retarding additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/02—Halogenated hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K5/41—Compounds containing sulfur bound to oxygen
- C08K5/42—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
- C08K5/523—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4 with hydroxyaryl compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/5399—Phosphorus bound to nitrogen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polycarbonate resin, a polycarbonate resin composition, and a polycarbonate resin molded article having good flame retardancy and moldability.
- Patent Document 1 describes a polycarbonate resin composition obtained by blending a flame retardant with a polycarbonate resin having a specific melt viscoelasticity obtained by a melting method. That is, a polycarbonate resin composition in which 0.01 to 30 parts by weight of a flame retardant is blended with 100 parts by weight of a polycarbonate obtained by a melting method, and the loss of the polycarbonate measured under the conditions of a temperature of 250 ° C. and an angular velocity of 10 rad / s.
- a polycarbonate resin composition is described in which the angle ⁇ and the complex viscosity ⁇ * (Pa ⁇ s) satisfy the relational expression 2500 ⁇ tan ⁇ / ⁇ * ⁇ 0.87 ⁇ 6000.
- polycarbonate resin is required to have good moldability for obtaining molded products suitable for many applications. For example, when a thin product is obtained by an injection molding method, fluidity suitable for injection molding is required.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polycarbonate resin, a polycarbonate resin composition, and a polycarbonate resin molded article excellent in flame retardancy and moldability.
- the above object is achieved and has the following gist.
- a polycarbonate resin having a branching parameter G [ ⁇ ] / [ ⁇ ] lin of 0.80 or more and 0.94 or less and a pencil hardness of HB or more.
- [ ⁇ ] is the intrinsic viscosity (dl / g) at 20 ° C.
- X represents a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylidene group, a sulfur atom that is not oxidized or oxidized, or an oxygen atom.
- R 1 and R 2 are Each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R 3 and R 4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon, Represents an alkyl group of 1 to 20 or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- R 1 and R 2 in the formula (1) are a methyl group bonded to the 2-position carbon in the phenoxy group
- R 3 and R 4 are a hydrogen atom bonded to the 6-position carbon in the phenoxy group.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- the polycarbonate resin is obtained by a transesterification method of an aromatic dihydroxy compound represented by the following formula (3) and a carbonic acid diester, [1] to [4], Polycarbonate resin.
- a polycarbonate resin composition comprising the polycarbonate resin according to any one of [1] to [5] and a polycarbonate resin having a structural unit represented by the following formula (4).
- a flame retardant-containing polycarbonate resin composition [10] The above-mentioned [9], wherein 0.04 to 0.3 parts by weight of a sulfonic acid metal salt flame retardant is added to 100 parts by weight of the polycarbonate resin or the polycarbonate resin composition. Flame retardant-containing polycarbonate resin composition. [11] The flame retardant-containing polycarbonate resin according to [9], wherein 5 to 30 parts by weight of a halogen-containing compound flame retardant is added to 100 parts by weight of the polycarbonate resin or the polycarbonate resin composition. Composition.
- flame retardancy and moldability are good by using a polycarbonate resin containing a polycarbonate resin having a melt viscosity ratio ( ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 ) of 3 or more and 8 or less and a pencil hardness of HB or more.
- a polycarbonate resin molded product can be obtained.
- the polycarbonate resin of the present invention has the above-described characteristics, and the polycarbonate resin composition contains such a polycarbonate resin and a specific flame retardant.
- the polycarbonate resin composition contains such a polycarbonate resin and a specific flame retardant.
- Polycarbonate resin Polycarbonate resins of the present invention, 300 ° C., a melt viscosity measured at a shear rate of 10sec -1 ⁇ 10 (Pa ⁇ s ) and 300 ° C., a melt viscosity eta 1000 were measured at a shear rate 1000sec -1 (Pa ⁇ s) and the The ratio ( ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 ) is 3 or more and 8 or less (3 ⁇ ( ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 ) ⁇ 8).
- the polycarbonate resin used for the measurement is one previously dried at 80 ° C. for 5 hours.
- melt viscosity (eta) 10 respond corresponds to the melt viscosity at the time of combustion in the combustibility test of the polycarbonate resin mentioned later.
- the melt viscosity ⁇ 10 of the polycarbonate resin of the present invention is usually 8,000 or more, preferably 10,000 or more.
- the melt viscosity eta 10 is generally 100,000 or less, preferably 50,000 or less. Melt viscosity eta 10 is, there is too small tends to spark it is likely to fall at the time of combustion.
- Melt viscosity eta 10 is, because the high viscosity at the time of kneading in the excessively large when the extruder, liable to poor dispersion of additives, or the motor load of the extruder tends to show troubles too large.
- the melt viscosity ⁇ 1000 corresponds to, for example, the melt viscosity of a polycarbonate resin during injection molding.
- the melt viscosity ⁇ 1000 of the polycarbonate resin of the present invention is usually 10,000 or less, preferably 5,000 or less.
- the melt viscosity ⁇ 1000 is usually 1,000 or more, preferably 2,000 or more. If the melt viscosity ⁇ 1000 is too small, the mechanical strength tends to be inferior. If the melt viscosity ⁇ 1000 is excessively large, moldability tends to deteriorate due to insufficient fluidity.
- the polycarbonate resin of the present invention has a property that the ratio ( ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 ) between the melt viscosity ⁇ 10 and the melt viscosity ⁇ 1000 is 3 or more and 8 or less (3 ⁇ ( ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 ) ⁇ 8).
- the ratio ( ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 ) of the melt viscosity ⁇ 10 and the melt viscosity ⁇ 1000 is an index representing the balance between flame retardancy and moldability of a polycarbonate resin composition containing a polycarbonate resin and a flame retardant.
- the melt viscosity ⁇ 1000 at a high shear rate can be a factor governing the moldability at the time of molding the polycarbonate resin composition.
- the melt viscosity ⁇ 10 at a low shear rate can be a factor governing the flame retardancy in the flammability test of the polycarbonate resin composition.
- the ratio ( ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 ) is 3 or more, preferably 4 or more, and the ratio ( ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 ) is 8 or less, preferably 6 or less. If the ratio ( ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 ) is too small, the flame retardancy and moldability tend to be inferior. When the ratio ( ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 ) is excessively large, the ease of extrusion kneading and the mechanical strength tend to be inferior.
- Examples of the polycarbonate resin of the present invention include those containing at least a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) in the molecule.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group
- R 3 and R 4 Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- R 1, R 2, R 3, and the number of carbon atoms in R 4 indicates the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group portion excluding the substituent.
- X represents a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylidene group, a sulfur atom that is not oxidized or oxidized, or an oxygen atom.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of R 1 and R 2 include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl. Group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, sec-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group and the like.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group include a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a tolyl group, a 4-methylphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of R 3 and R 4 include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl. Group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, sec-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group and the like.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group include a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a tolyl group, a 4-methylphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, or a 4-methylphenyl group, and particularly preferably a methyl group.
- R 3 and R 4 are preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, or a 4-methylphenyl group, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom.
- the bonding positions of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 in the formula (1) are arbitrarily selected from 2-position, 3-position, 5-position, and 6-position with respect to X on each phenyl ring. Is the position. Among these, the third and fifth positions with respect to X are preferred.
- X represents a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylidene group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfur atom, or an oxygen atom.
- oxidized or non-oxidized sulfur atom include —S— and —SO 2 —.
- a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group and a substituted or unsubstituted alkylidene group are shown below.
- R 5 and R 6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and Z represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of R 5 and R 6 include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl. Group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, sec-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group and the like.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group include a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a tolyl group, a 4-methylphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.
- R 5 and R 6 are preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, or a 4-methylphenyl group, more preferably a methyl group, and in particular, both R 5 and R 6 are methyl groups.
- n is 1, that is, X in formula (1) is preferably an isopropylidene group.
- Z in the formula (1) binds to the carbon bonding two phenyl groups to form a substituted or unsubstituted divalent carbocycle.
- the divalent carbocycle include a cycloalkylidene group such as a cyclopentylidene group, a cyclohexylidene group, a cycloheptylidene group, a cyclododecylidene group, an adamantylidene group (preferably having 5 carbon atoms).
- the substituted ones include those having these methyl substituents and ethyl substituents. Among these, a cyclohexylidene group and a methyl-substituted product of a cyclohexylidene group are preferable.
- the polycarbonate resin used in the present invention is a 2,2-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane structural unit, that is, R 1 and R as a specific example of the aromatic dihydroxy compound represented by the formula (1).
- R 1 and R as a specific example of the aromatic dihydroxy compound represented by the formula (1).
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and the above-described formula (1)
- the polycarbonate resin used in the present invention is particularly preferably one having a 2,2-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane structural unit.
- the polycarbonate resin of the present invention has at least the structural unit represented by the formula (1), and the preferred content thereof is such that the structural unit amount represented by the formula (1) is 30% by weight in the total polycarbonate resin. Above, more preferably 40% by weight or more, and still more preferably 50% by weight or more. When the amount of the structural unit represented by the formula (1) is excessively small, the surface hardness and fluidity tend to be inferior.
- the polycarbonate resin to which the present invention is applied preferably satisfies the following physical properties (a) to (e).
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (dl / g) at 20 ° C. in a methylene chloride solvent is in the range of 0.40 to 2.0. Further, the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (dl / g) is preferably 0.50 to 1.00, particularly preferably 0.50 to 0.80. If the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] is excessively small, the mechanical strength tends to be inferior. If the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] is excessively large, the melt fluidity tends to deteriorate and the moldability tends to be inferior.
- the branch parameter G [ ⁇ ] / [ ⁇ ] lin is in the range of 0.8 to 0.94. Further, the branching parameter G is particularly preferably 0.81 or more and 0.9 or less. If the branching parameter G is excessively small, the melt tension tends to be too large and the fluidity tends to decrease. is there.
- [ ⁇ ] lin is an intrinsic viscosity at 20 ° C. in a methylene chloride solvent of a linear polycarbonate having the same weight average molecular weight measured by a light scattering method or a GPC method using a general-purpose calibration curve.
- a viscosity equation is obtained from the intrinsic viscosity and weight average molecular weight of a polycarbonate resin (linear polycarbonate) obtained by an interfacial polymerization method of an aromatic dihydroxy compound and carbonyl chloride without using a branching agent, It is a value calculated based on
- the branch parameter G is calculated by the following method. That is, the branching parameter G of the polycarbonate resin is calculated by dividing the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of the polycarbonate resin measured by the method described above by the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] lin of the linear polycarbonate having the same weight average molecular weight. . [ ⁇ ] lin measures the intrinsic viscosity of a polycarbonate resin produced by an interfacial polycondensation method without using a branching agent, and this is defined as the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] lin of a linear polycarbonate.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the linear polycarbonate having the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] lin is calculated from the molecular weight converted in advance to standard polystyrene obtained from the GPC measurement result of the polycarbonate resin and the molecular weight based on the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ].
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- a viscosity relational expression is obtained and calculated from this molecular weight-viscosity relational expression.
- a numerical value (ln ⁇ 10 / [ ⁇ ]) obtained by dividing the logarithmic value ln ⁇ 10 of the above-described melt viscosity ⁇ 10 by an intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (dl / g) at 20 ° C. in a methylene chloride solvent is 14.0.
- the numerical value (ln ⁇ 1000 / [ ⁇ ]) obtained by dividing the logarithmic value ln ⁇ 1000 of the above-described melt viscosity ⁇ 1000 by the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (dl / g) at 20 ° C. in a methylene chloride solvent is as follows. 11.0 or less.
- (ln ⁇ 10 / [ ⁇ ]) and (ln ⁇ 1000 / [ ⁇ ]) satisfy the above ranges at the same time. Outside the above range, the balance between fluidity and moldability tends to be impaired. Both (ln ⁇ 10 / [ ⁇ ]) and (ln ⁇ 1000 / [ ⁇ ]) have lower limits, but in practice, (ln ⁇ 10 / [ ⁇ ]) is in the range of 11.0 to 14.0. Is more preferable, and (ln ⁇ 1000 / [ ⁇ ]) is more preferably in the range of 8.0 to 11.0.
- the mechanical strength is preferably adjusted so that the ratio (ln ⁇ 10 / [ ⁇ ]) between the melt viscosity ( ⁇ 10 ) and the intrinsic viscosity ([ ⁇ ]) in the low shear rate region is within the above range. .
- the fluidity is preferably adjusted so that the ratio (ln ⁇ 1000 / [ ⁇ ]) between the melt viscosity (ln ⁇ 1000 ) and the intrinsic viscosity ([ ⁇ ]) in the high shear rate region is within the above range. .
- the ratio (Mw / Mn) of polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight Mw and number average molecular weight Mn measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is in the range of 3.0 to 5.0. Is preferred. Furthermore, (Mw / Mn) is more preferably in the range of 3.0 or more and 4.0 or less. When (Mw / Mn) is too small, the fluidity in the molten state increases and the moldability tends to decrease. On the other hand, if (Mw / Mn) is excessively large, the melt viscosity tends to increase and molding tends to be difficult.
- the pencil hardness according to ISO 15184 is HB or higher. Further, the pencil hardness of the polycarbonate resin is preferably F or more, more preferably H or more. However, it is usually 3H or less. A polycarbonate resin having a pencil hardness of less than HB tends to scratch the surface, and a conventional bisphenol A type polycarbonate resin has an insufficient pencil hardness of 2B.
- the terminal hydroxyl group concentration of the polycarbonate resin of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the terminal hydroxyl group concentration of the obtained polycarbonate resin is usually 100 ppm or more, preferably 200 ppm or more, and more preferably 300 ppm or more. However, it is usually 2000 ppm or less, preferably 1800 ppm or less, and more preferably 1200 ppm or less. If the terminal hydroxyl group concentration of the polycarbonate resin is too small, the initial hue at the time of molding tends to deteriorate. When the terminal hydroxyl group concentration is excessively large, the residence heat stability tends to decrease.
- melt polycondensation melting method
- interfacial method using interfacial polycondensation between an aromatic dihydroxy compound and carbonyl chloride.
- the melting method is preferable.
- the aromatic dihydroxy compound preferably contains an aromatic dihydroxy compound represented by the following formula (3) for both the melting method (transesterification method) and the interface method.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and X are as defined in the formula (1).
- aromatic dihydroxy compound represented by the formula (3) examples include 2,2-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and 2,2-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4).
- -Hydroxyphenyl) propane 1,1-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) cyclohexane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) -3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1, 1-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) adamantane, 1,4-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) adamantane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-ethylphenyl) propane, 2 , 2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-tert-butylphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-cyclohexylphenyl) Propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-phenylphenyl) propane, 5,5-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) hexahydro-4,7-methanoindane
- 2,2-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, and 1,1-bis ( 4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) cyclohexane and 1,1-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) -3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane are preferred
- 2,2-bis (3-methyl-4- Hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) cyclohexane are preferred.
- the aromatic dihydroxy compound represented by the formula (3) can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the preferred structures of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and X, and the preferred bonding position to the phenyl ring are the same as in formula (1).
- Melting method transesterification method
- an aromatic dihydroxy compound and a carbonyl compound are used as raw materials, and a polycarbonate resin is produced by a melt polycondensation reaction that is continuously performed in the presence of a transesterification catalyst.
- Carbonyl compound examples of the carbonyl compound used in the present invention include a carbonic acid diester compound represented by the following formula.
- a ′ is a linear, branched or cyclic monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent. Two A's may be the same or different from each other.
- substituent on A ′ include a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a phenoxy group, a vinyl group, a cyano group, an ester group, and an amide. Examples thereof include a group and a nitro group.
- the carbonic acid diester compound examples include substituted diphenyl carbonates such as diphenyl carbonate and ditolyl carbonate, and dialkyl carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and di-t-butyl carbonate.
- diphenyl carbonate hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as DPC
- substituted diphenyl carbonate are preferable.
- These carbonic acid diesters can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- the amount of the carbonic acid diester compound is preferably 50 mol% or less, more preferably 30 mol% or less, and may be substituted with dicarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid ester.
- Typical dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acid esters include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, diphenyl terephthalate, diphenyl isophthalate, and the like. When substituted with such a dicarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid ester, a polyester carbonate is obtained.
- these carbonic acid diester compounds are used in excess with respect to the aromatic dihydroxy compound. That is, the carbonic acid diester compound is usually used in an amount of 1.01 to 1.30 mol, preferably 1.02 to 1.20 mol, per 1 mol of the aromatic dihydroxy compound.
- the usage-amount of the said carbonic acid diester compound is too small, the terminal hydroxyl group density
- the amount of the carbonic acid diester compound used is excessively large, the transesterification reaction rate decreases, and it becomes difficult to produce a polycarbonate resin having a desired molecular weight, and the carbonic acid diester compound remains in the resin.
- the amount increases, which may cause odors during molding or molding, which is not preferable.
- transesterification catalyst examples include a catalyst usually used in producing a polycarbonate resin by a transesterification method, and are not particularly limited.
- basic compounds such as alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, beryllium compounds, magnesium compounds, basic boron compounds, basic phosphorus compounds, basic ammonium compounds, and amine compounds can be used.
- alkali metal compounds and alkaline earth metal compounds are desirable for practical use.
- These transesterification catalysts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of transesterification catalyst used is usually in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol per 1 mol of wholly aromatic dihydroxy compound, but an aromatic polycarbonate excellent in molding characteristics and hue is used.
- the amount of transesterification catalyst is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 5 ⁇ with respect to 1 mol of the wholly aromatic dihydroxy compound when an alkali metal compound and / or an alkaline earth metal compound is used. It is in the range of 10 ⁇ 6 mol, more preferably in the range of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol, particularly preferably 1.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 3.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol. Is within the range.
- the amount is less than the above lower limit amount, the amount of the branched component that brings about the polymerization activity and molding characteristics necessary for producing the polycarbonate having the desired molecular weight cannot be obtained. Is too much, the fluidity is lowered, and an aromatic polycarbonate excellent in target molding characteristics cannot be produced.
- alkali metal compound examples include inorganic alkali metal compounds such as alkali metal hydroxides, carbonates and hydrogencarbonate compounds; organic alkali metal compounds such as salts with alkali metal alcohols, phenols and organic carboxylic acids. It is done.
- alkali metal lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium etc. are mentioned, for example.
- cesium compounds are preferable, and cesium carbonate, cesium hydrogen carbonate, and cesium hydroxide are particularly preferable.
- alkaline earth metal compound examples include inorganic alkaline earth metal compounds such as alkaline earth metal hydroxides and carbonates; alkaline earth metal alcohols, phenols, salts with organic carboxylic acids, and the like. It is done.
- alkaline earth metal examples include calcium, strontium, barium and the like.
- beryllium compound and the magnesium compound examples include inorganic metal compounds such as hydroxides and carbonates of the metals; salts of the metals with alcohols, phenols, and organic carboxylic acids.
- Examples of basic boron compounds include sodium salts, potassium salts, lithium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts, barium salts, and strontium salts of boron compounds.
- the boron compound for example, tetramethylboron, tetraethylboron, tetrapropylboron, tetrabutylboron, trimethylethylboron, trimethylbenzylboron, trimethylphenylboron, triethylmethylboron, triethylbenzylboron, triethylphenylboron, tributyl Examples include benzylboron, tributylphenylboron, tetraphenylboron, benzyltriphenylboron, methyltriphenylboron, and butyltriphenylboron.
- Examples of the basic phosphorus compound include trivalent phosphorus compounds such as triethylphosphine, tri-n-propylphosphine, triisopropylphosphine, tri-n-butylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, and tributylphosphine, or derivatives thereof. And quaternary phosphonium salts.
- Examples of the basic ammonium compound include tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, trimethylethylammonium hydroxide, trimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide, trimethylphenylammonium hydroxide, Triethylmethylammonium hydroxide, triethylbenzylammonium hydroxide, triethylphenylammonium hydroxide, tributylbenzylammonium hydroxide, tributylphenylammonium hydroxide, tetraphenylammonium hydroxide, benzyltriphenylammonium hydroxide, methyltriphenylammonium hydride Kishido, butyl triphenyl ammonium hydroxide, and the like.
- amine compounds include 4-aminopyridine, 2-aminopyridine, N, N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine, 4-diethylaminopyridine, 2-hydroxypyridine, 2-methoxypyridine, 4-methoxypyridine, 2 -Dimethylaminoimidazole, 2-methoxyimidazole, imidazole, 2-mercaptoimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, aminoquinoline and the like.
- a raw material mixed melt of raw material aromatic dihydroxy compound and carbonic acid diester compound is prepared (primary process), and these compounds are mixed in the presence of a transesterification catalyst in a molten state.
- the polycondensation reaction is carried out in multiple stages using the above reactor (polycondensation step).
- the reaction system may be any of a batch system, a continuous system, or a combination of a batch system and a continuous system.
- the reactor is preferably a plurality of vertical stirring reactors followed by at least one horizontal stirring reactor. Usually, it is preferable that these reactors are installed in series and processed continuously.
- the reaction is stopped, the unreacted raw materials and reaction byproducts in the polycondensation reaction solution are devolatilized and removed, the heat stabilizer, the release agent, the colorant, etc. are added, the polycarbonate resin You may add suitably the process etc. which form in the pellet of a predetermined particle size.
- an aromatic dihydroxy compound and carbonyl chloride (hereinafter also referred to as CDC) are usually prepared by preparing an alkaline aqueous solution of an aromatic dihydroxy compound and in the presence of an amine compound used as a polymerization catalyst. Interfacial polycondensation reaction is performed, and then a polycarbonate resin is obtained through neutralization, water washing and drying steps.
- CDC is usually used in liquid or gaseous form.
- the preferred amount of CDC used is appropriately selected depending on the reaction conditions, particularly the reaction temperature and the concentration of the metal salt of the aromatic dihydroxy compound in the aqueous phase, and is not particularly limited.
- the amount of CDC is 1 to 2 mol, preferably 1.05 to 1.5 mol, per 1 mol of the aromatic dihydroxy compound.
- the amount of CDC used is excessively large, unreacted CDC increases and the basic unit tends to be extremely deteriorated.
- the amount of CDC used is excessively small, the amount of chloroformate group is insufficient and proper molecular weight elongation tends not to be performed.
- an organic solvent is usually used.
- the organic solvent include inert organic solvents that dissolve reaction products such as carbonyl chloride, carbonate oligomer, and polycarbonate resin and are incompatible with water (or do not form a solution with water).
- examples of such inert organic solvents include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane and n-heptane; chlorinations such as dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane, trichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, dichloropropane and 1,2-dichloroethylene.
- Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and chlorotoluene; and other substituted aromatic hydrocarbons such as nitrobenzene and acetophenone It is done.
- chlorinated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane or chlorobenzene are preferably used.
- These inert organic solvents can be used alone or as a mixture with other solvents.
- the condensation catalyst can be arbitrarily selected from many condensation catalysts used in the two-phase interfacial condensation method.
- trialkylamine, N-ethylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpiperidine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-isopropylpiperidine, N-isopropylmorpholine and the like can be mentioned.
- triethylamine and N-ethylpiperidine are preferable.
- Monophenol is used as the chain terminator.
- the monophenol include phenols; alkylphenols having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as pt-butylphenol and p-cresol; halogenated phenols such as p-chlorophenol and 2,4,6-tribromophenol. .
- the amount of monophenol used is appropriately selected according to the molecular weight of the carbonate oligomer to be obtained, and is usually 0.5 to 10 mol% with respect to the aromatic dihydroxy compound.
- the molecular weight of the polycarbonate resin is determined by the addition amount of a chain terminator such as monophenol.
- a chain terminator such as monophenol.
- the chain stopper is preferably added immediately after the consumption of the carbonate-forming compound is completed and before the molecular weight elongation starts.
- monophenol is added in the presence of a carbonate-forming compound, a large amount of condensates (diphenyl carbonates) of monophenols are produced, and it is difficult to obtain a polycarbonate resin having a target molecular weight.
- any branching agent can be used.
- branching agents include 2,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenylisopropyl) phenol, 2,6-bis (2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl) -4-methylphenol, 2- (4- Hydroxyphenyl) -2- (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propane, 1,4-bis (4,4′-dihydroxytriphenylmethyl) benzene and the like.
- 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, trimesic acid, cyanuric chloride and the like can be used.
- a branching agent having at least three phenolic hydroxyl groups is preferable.
- the amount of the branching agent used is appropriately selected according to the branching degree of the carbonate oligomer obtained, and is usually 0.05 to 2 mol% based on the aromatic dihydroxy compound.
- the production of polycarbonate resin by the interfacial method is carried out by preparing an alkaline aqueous solution of an aromatic dihydroxy compound (primary process), followed by a phosgenation reaction of the aromatic dihydroxy compound performed in the presence of carbonyl chloride (COCl 2 ) and an organic solvent.
- the polycarbonate resin of the present invention may contain a polycarbonate resin having a structural unit represented by the following formula (4), if necessary, in addition to the polycarbonate resin having a structural unit represented by the aforementioned formula (1). it can.
- X has the same meaning as in formula (1).
- Specific examples of the polycarbonate resin having the structural unit represented by the formula (4) include, for example, a homopolymer of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (bisphenol A), and the above-described formula (2). Examples include a copolymer of one or more of the aromatic dihydroxy compounds represented and bisphenol A.
- the structure represented by Formula (4) when using together the polycarbonate resin which has a structural unit represented by Formula (1) mentioned above, and the polycarbonate resin which has a structural unit represented by Formula (4), the structure represented by Formula (4)
- the content of the polycarbonate resin having units is preferably 99% by weight or less in the total polycarbonate resin, and more preferably 50% by weight or more.
- Examples of the flame retardant used in the present invention include at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid metal salt flame retardants, halogen-containing compound flame retardants, phosphorus-containing compound flame retardants, and silicon-containing compound flame retardants. Can be mentioned. Among these, a sulfonic acid metal salt flame retardant is preferable.
- the amount of the flame retardant used in the present invention is usually 0.01 parts by weight or more, preferably 0.05 parts by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polycarbonate resin. If the blending amount of the flame retardant is excessively small, the flame retardant effect is lowered. When the blending amount of the flame retardant is excessively large, the mechanical strength of the resin molded product tends to decrease too much.
- sulfonic acid metal salt flame retardant examples include aliphatic sulfonic acid metal salts and aromatic sulfonic acid metal salts.
- metal of these metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, rubidium and cesium alkali metals; beryllium and magnesium magnesium; and alkaline earth metals such as calcium, strontium and barium.
- a sulfonic acid metal salt can also be used 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types.
- the sulfonic acid metal salt include aromatic sulfonesulfonic acid metal salts and perfluoroalkane-sulfonic acid metal salts.
- the sulfonic acid metal salt flame retardant is preferably added in an amount of 0.04 to 0.3 parts by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 0.2 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the polycarbonate resin.
- aromatic sulfonesulfonic acid metal salt examples include sodium diphenylsulfone-3-sulfonate, potassium diphenylsulfone-3-sulfonate, sodium 4,4′-dibromodiphenyl-sulfone-3-sulfonate, 4 , 4′-Dibromodiphenyl-sulfone-3-sulfone potassium, 4-chloro-4′-nitrodiphenylsulfone-3-calcium sulfonate, disodium diphenylsulfone-3,3′-disulfonate, diphenylsulfone-3,3 Examples include dipotassium di-sulfonate.
- perfluoroalkane-sulfonic acid metal salts include perfluorobutane-sodium sulfonate, perfluorobutane-potassium sulfonate, perfluoromethylbutane-sodium sulfonate, perfluoromethylbutane-potassium sulfonate, perfluoro Examples include octane-sodium sulfonate, potassium perfluorooctane-sulfonate, and tetraethylammonium salt of perfluorobutane-sulfonic acid.
- halogen-containing compound flame retardant examples include, for example, tetrabromobisphenol A, tribromophenol, brominated aromatic triazine, tetrabromobisphenol A epoxy oligomer, tetrabromobisphenol A epoxy polymer, decabromodiphenyl oxide, tribromo Examples include allyl ether, tetrabromobisphenol A carbonate oligomer, ethylene bistetrabromophthalimide, decabromodiphenylethane, brominated polystyrene, hexabromocyclododecane and the like.
- the halogen-containing compound flame retardant is preferably added in an amount of 5 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 25 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polycarbonate resin.
- Examples of the phosphorus-containing compound flame retardant include red phosphorus, coated red phosphorus, polyphosphate compound, phosphate ester compound, and phosphazene compound.
- specific examples of the phosphate ester compound include, for example, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, tributoxyethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl.
- the phosphorus-containing compound flame retardant is preferably added in an amount of 3 to 15 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 25 parts by weight, and most preferably 10 to 12 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polycarbonate resin.
- Examples of the silicon-containing compound flame retardant include silicone varnish, a silicone resin in which a substituent bonded to a silicon atom is an aromatic hydrocarbon group and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2 or more carbon atoms, and a main chain having a branched structure. And a silicone compound having an aromatic group in the organic functional group contained therein, a silicone powder carrying a polydiorganosiloxane polymer which may have a functional group on the surface of silica powder, and an organopolysiloxane-polycarbonate copolymer Etc.
- the molded body formed from the polycarbonate resin to which the present embodiment is applied is combined with a polycarbonate resin having a structural unit represented by the formula (1) and a flame retardant, for example, using bisphenol A as a raw material monomer.
- a flame retardant for example, using bisphenol A as a raw material monomer.
- A-PC a resin composition using the obtained polycarbonate resin
- the polycarbonate resin component contains an aromatic dihydroxy compound 2,2-bis (3- Polycarbonate resin obtained by using methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane as a raw material monomer (referred to as “C-PC”) and 2,2-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane Taking the case of using a polycarbonate resin (referred to as “Tm-PC”) obtained by using as a raw material monomer, it can be considered as follows.
- C-PC and Tm-PC (hereinafter referred to as “C-PC etc.”) were obtained using 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (bisphenol A) as a raw material monomer.
- bisphenol A 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane
- A-PC polycarbonate resin
- C-PC and the like are rapidly decomposed and graphitized, and form a heat insulating layer (char), so that flame retardancy is easily exhibited.
- C-PC and the like tend to have a lower packing density between molecular chains than A-PC, and because the molecular chains are rigid and difficult to move, the shrinkage rate of the resin molded product is low and the linear expansion coefficient tends to be low. It is in. For this reason, it is expected that the dimensional stability of the resin molded product is high.
- the molded body formed from the polycarbonate resin of the present invention has such characteristics, for example, a housing for precision equipment such as a mobile phone and a PC; a housing for home appliances such as a TV; a film for a screen; Useful as a raw material for resin parts that require high dimensional accuracy, such as multi-layer molded products of two or more layers, such as carports, agricultural houses, and soundproof boards. It is.
- a resin molded body having high hardness and improved flame retardancy and the molded body can be used for illumination of LEDs such as a lamp lens, a protective cover, and a diffusion plate.
- Related resin molded products suitably used for spectacle lenses, vending machine buttons, keys for portable devices, and the like.
- additives are blended in the polycarbonate resin composition of the present invention as necessary.
- additives include stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, mold release agents, colorants, antistatic agents, thermoplastic resins, thermoplastic elastomers, glass fibers, glass flakes, glass beads, carbon fibers, wollastonite, silicic acid. Examples thereof include calcium and aluminum borate whiskers.
- a method of kneading with an extruder or the like a method of mixing a polycarbonate resin in a molten state and a flame retardant, a melting method or Examples thereof include a method of adding a flame retardant during the polymerization reaction of the raw material monomer in the interface method or at the end of the polymerization reaction.
- a polycarbonate resin molded body is prepared using the polycarbonate resin composition of the present invention.
- the molding method of the polycarbonate resin molded body is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of molding using a conventionally known molding machine such as an injection molding machine.
- the polycarbonate resin molded body of the present invention is suppressed in deterioration of the surface hardness and transparency of the molded body, for example, compared to the case of using a polycarbonate resin obtained by using bisphenol A or the like having no substituent on the phenyl ring as a monomer. And has good flame retardancy.
- the molded body formed from the polycarbonate resin composition of the present invention preferably satisfies the V-0 standard in the flame retardancy test of UL94 using a test piece having a thickness of 2 mm or less.
- the haze value by a test piece having a thickness of 3 mm based on JIS-K7136 is 1.0 or less.
- the polycarbonate resin and the polycarbonate resin composition of the present invention preferably have a pencil hardness according to ISO 15184 of HB or higher.
- the pencil hardness is more preferably F or more, and still more preferably H or more. However, it is usually 3H or less. When the pencil hardness is less than HB, the surface of the resin molded body tends to be damaged.
- the pencil hardness of the polycarbonate resin and the polycarbonate resin composition in the present invention means that the surface hardness of the molded body formed from the polycarbonate resin and the polycarbonate resin composition is ISO 15184 by a pencil hardness tester, respectively. It means the value measured in compliance.
- PC-1-1 Polycarbonate resin (PC-1-1): (Preparation of polycarbonate resin (PC-1-1) by melting method) 2,2-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (hereinafter referred to as “BPC”) 6.55 mol (1.68 kg) and diphenyl carbonate 6.73 mol (1.44 kg)
- BPC 2,2-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane
- the reactor was placed in a SUS reactor (with an internal volume of 10 liters) equipped with a stirrer and a distillation condenser, and after the inside of the reactor was replaced with nitrogen gas, the temperature was raised to 220 ° C. over 30 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- Cs 2 CO 3 cesium carbonate
- the reaction solution in the reactor is stirred, and cesium carbonate (Cs 2 CO 3 ) is used as a transesterification reaction catalyst in the molten reaction solution so as to be 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol per 1 mol of BPC.
- Cs 2 CO 3 cesium carbonate
- the reaction solution was stirred and brewed at 220 ° C. for 30 minutes under a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- the pressure in the reactor was reduced to 100 Torr over 40 minutes, and further reacted for 100 minutes to distill phenol.
- the temperature in the reactor was raised to 280 ° C. over 60 minutes and the pressure was reduced to 3 Torr, and phenol corresponding to almost the entire distillation amount was distilled.
- the pressure in the reactor was kept below 1 Torr, and the reaction was further continued for 60 minutes to complete the polycondensation reaction.
- the stirring rotation speed of the stirrer was 16 rotations / minute
- the reaction liquid temperature just before the completion of the reaction was 286 ° C.
- the stirring power was 1.15 kW.
- reaction solution is fed into a twin screw extruder, and 4-fold molar amount of butyl p-toluenesulfonate is supplied from the first supply port of the twin screw extruder with respect to cesium carbonate and kneaded with the reaction solution. Thereafter, the reaction solution was extruded into a strand shape through a die of a twin screw extruder, and cut with a cutter to obtain polycarbonate resin pellets.
- PC-1-1 The physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate resin (PC-1-1) are shown below. Intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (dl / g) 0.552 Branch parameter G ([ ⁇ ] / [ ⁇ ] lin ) 0.87 ln ⁇ 10 / [ ⁇ ] 12.6 ln ⁇ 1000 / [ ⁇ ] 9.8 Pencil hardness 2H ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 4.6 Weight average molecular weight (Mw) 66,500 (Mw / Mn) 3.14
- PC-1-2 (Preparation of polycarbonate resin (PC-1-2) by melting method) 2.59 mol (1.69 kg) of 2,2-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (hereinafter referred to as “BPC”) and 6.73 mol (1.44 kg) of diphenyl carbonate,
- BPC 2,2-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane
- diphenyl carbonate The reactor was placed in a SUS reactor (with an internal volume of 10 liters) equipped with a stirrer and a distillation condenser, and after the inside of the reactor was replaced with nitrogen gas, the temperature was raised to 220 ° C. over 30 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- Cs 2 CO 3 cesium carbonate
- the reaction solution in the reactor is stirred, and cesium carbonate (Cs 2 CO 3 ) is used as a transesterification reaction catalyst in the molten reaction solution so as to be 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol per 1 mol of BPC.
- Cs 2 CO 3 cesium carbonate
- the reaction solution was stirred and brewed at 220 ° C. for 30 minutes under a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- the pressure in the reactor was reduced to 100 Torr over 40 minutes, and further reacted for 100 minutes to distill phenol.
- the temperature in the reactor was raised to 284 ° C. over 60 minutes and the pressure was reduced to 3 Torr, and phenol corresponding to almost the entire distillation amount was distilled.
- the pressure in the reactor was kept below 1 Torr, and the reaction was further continued for 60 minutes to complete the polycondensation reaction.
- the stirring rotation speed of the stirrer was 16 rotations / minute
- the reaction liquid temperature just before the completion of the reaction was 289 ° C.
- the stirring power was 1.15 kW.
- reaction solution is fed into a twin screw extruder, and 4-fold molar amount of butyl p-toluenesulfonate is supplied from the first supply port of the twin screw extruder with respect to cesium carbonate and kneaded with the reaction solution. Thereafter, the reaction solution was extruded into a strand shape through a die of a twin screw extruder, and cut with a cutter to obtain polycarbonate resin pellets.
- PC-1-2 The physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate resin (PC-1-2) are shown below. Intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (dl / g) 0.597 Branch parameter G ([ ⁇ ] / [ ⁇ ] lin ) 0.85 ln ⁇ 10 / [ ⁇ ] 12.1 ln ⁇ 1000 / [ ⁇ ] 9.5 Pencil hardness 2H ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 4.9 Weight average molecular weight (Mw) 70,200 (Mw / Mn) 3.48
- PC-1-3 (Preparation of polycarbonate resin (PC-1-3) by melting method) The same as polycarbonate resin (PC-1-2) except that “BPC” was 6.59 mol (1.69 kg) and the reaction time after maintaining the pressure in the reactor below 1 Torr was 80 minutes. Prepared under conditions. The reaction solution temperature immediately before the completion of the reaction was 300 ° C., and the stirring power was 1.15 kW. The physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate resin (PC-1-3) are shown below.
- PC-1-5) (Preparation of polycarbonate resin (PC-1-5) by melting method)
- the BPC was changed to 100%, and BPA 0.34 kg and 2,2-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (Tm-BPA) were abbreviated.
- Tm-BPA 2,2-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane
- 1.34 kg was used together, Cs 2 CO 3 was changed to 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol per 1 mol of the total amount of BPA and Tm-BPA, and THPE was changed to the total amount of BPA and Tm-BPA.
- a polycarbonate resin was produced under the same conditions as for PC-1-1 except that 3.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol was added to 1 mol.
- PC-1-6 Polycarbonate resin Novarex M7022J manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics.
- Pencil hardness 3B ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 2.8 (PC-1-9): Novalex M7027J manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics.
- Pencil hardness 3B ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 5.2 (PC-1-10): Iupilon S-3000 manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics.
- Intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (dl / g) 0.475 Branch parameter G ([ ⁇ ] / [ ⁇ ] lin ) 1.0 ln ⁇ 10 / [ ⁇ ] 14.3 ln ⁇ 1000 / [ ⁇ ] 12.4 Pencil hardness 2B ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 2.3 Weight average molecular weight (Mw) 45,000 (Mw / Mn) 2.90
- PC-1-11 (Preparation of polycarbonate resin (PC-1-11) by the interfacial method) BPC 13.80 kg / hour, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 5.8 kg / hour and water 93.5 kg / hour were dissolved at 35 ° C. in the presence of hydrosulfite 0.017 kg / hour and then cooled to 25 ° C.
- the aqueous phase and the organic phase of 61.9 kg / h of methylene chloride cooled to 5 ° C. are supplied to a Teflon (registered trademark) pipe having an inner diameter of 6 mm and an outer diameter of 8 mm, respectively, and an inner diameter of 6 mm and a length connected thereto.
- Teflon registered trademark
- the raw material is subjected to phosgenation and oligomerization reaction while flowing through phosgene and a pipe reactor at a linear velocity of 1.7 m / sec for 20 seconds.
- the reaction temperature reached a tower top temperature of 60 ° C. in an adiabatic system.
- the temperature of the reaction product was adjusted by external cooling to 35 ° C. before entering the next oligomerization tank.
- 5 g / hour of triethylamine (0.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mole relative to 1 mole of BPC) as a catalyst and 0.12 kg / hour of pt-butylphenol as a molecular weight regulator were introduced into the oligomerization tank.
- the oligomerized emulsion obtained from the pipe reactor is further guided to a reaction tank with a stirrer having an internal volume of 50 liters, and stirred at 30 ° C. in a nitrogen gas (N 2 ) atmosphere to be oligomerized.
- N 2 nitrogen gas
- the obtained refined organic phase was pulverized by feeding into warm water at 40 ° C., and dried to obtain a granular powder (flakes) of polycarbonate resin.
- the obtained polycarbonate resin flakes were fed into a twin screw extruder, extruded through a die of the twin screw extruder into a strand shape, and cut with a cutter to obtain polycarbonate resin pellets.
- the physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate resin (PC-1-11) are shown below.
- Branch parameter G ([ ⁇ ] / [ ⁇ ] lin ) 1.00 ln ⁇ 10 / [ ⁇ ] 9.4 ln ⁇ 1000 / [ ⁇ ] 7.2
- Pencil hardness 2H ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 8.8 Weight average molecular weight (Mw) 119,700 (Mw / Mn) 3.54.
- PC-2-1 (Preparation of polycarbonate resin (PC-2-1) by melting method) 2.59 mol (1.69 kg) of 2,2-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (hereinafter referred to as “BPC”) and 6.73 mol (1.44 kg) of diphenyl carbonate,
- BPC 2,2-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane
- diphenyl carbonate The reactor was placed in a SUS reactor (with an internal volume of 10 liters) equipped with a stirrer and a distillation condenser, and after the inside of the reactor was replaced with nitrogen gas, the temperature was raised to 220 ° C. over 30 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- Cs 2 CO 3 cesium carbonate
- the reaction solution in the reactor is stirred, and cesium carbonate (Cs 2 CO 3 ) is used as a transesterification reaction catalyst in the molten reaction solution so as to be 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol per 1 mol of BPC.
- Cs 2 CO 3 cesium carbonate
- the reaction solution was stirred and brewed at 220 ° C. for 30 minutes under a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- the pressure in the reactor was reduced to 100 Torr over 40 minutes, and further reacted for 100 minutes to distill phenol.
- the temperature in the reactor was raised to 284 ° C. over 60 minutes and the pressure was reduced to 3 Torr to distill phenol corresponding to almost the entire distillation theoretical amount.
- the pressure in the reactor was kept at less than 1 Torr, and the reaction was further continued for 80 minutes to complete the polycondensation reaction.
- the reaction solution temperature immediately before the completion of the reaction was 300 ° C., and the stirring power was 1.15 kW.
- the reaction solution is fed into a twin screw extruder, and 4-fold molar amount of butyl p-toluenesulfonate is supplied from the first supply port of the twin screw extruder to knead with the reaction solution. Thereafter, the reaction solution was extruded in a strand shape through a die of a twin-screw extruder, and cut with a cutter to obtain polycarbonate resin pellets.
- PC-2-1 The physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate resin (PC-2-1) are shown below. Intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (dl / g) 0.708 Branch parameter G ([ ⁇ ] / [ ⁇ ] lin ) 0.83 ln ⁇ 10 / [ ⁇ ] 11.6 ln ⁇ 1000 / [ ⁇ ] 8.6 ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 7.9 Pencil hardness 2H Weight average molecular weight (Mw) 99,500 (Mw / Mn) 3.94
- PC-2-2 Preparation of polycarbonate resin (PC-2-2) by interface method
- BPC 13.80 kg / hour, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 5.8 kg / hour and water 93.5 kg / hour were dissolved at 35 ° C. in the presence of hydrosulfite 0.017 kg / hour and then cooled to 25 ° C.
- the aqueous phase and the organic phase of 61.9 kg / h of methylene chloride cooled to 5 ° C. are supplied to a Teflon (registered trademark) pipe having an inner diameter of 6 mm and an outer diameter of 8 mm, respectively, and an inner diameter of 6 mm and a length connected thereto.
- Teflon registered trademark
- the above raw material undergoes phosgenation and oligomerization reaction while flowing through phosgene and a pipe reactor at a linear velocity of 1.7 m / sec for 20 seconds.
- the reaction temperature reached a tower top temperature of 60 ° C. in an adiabatic system.
- the temperature of the reaction product was adjusted by external cooling to 35 ° C. before entering the next oligomerization tank.
- the oligomerized emulsion obtained from the pipe reactor is further guided to a reactor with an internal volume of 50 liters equipped with a stirrer, and stirred at 30 ° C. in a nitrogen gas (N 2 ) atmosphere to be oligomerized.
- N 2 nitrogen gas
- the obtained purified organic phase was pulverized by feeding it into 40 ° C. warm water, and after drying, a granular powder of polycarbonate resin was obtained.
- the obtained polycarbonate resin flakes were fed into a twin screw extruder, extruded through a die of the twin screw extruder into a strand shape, and cut with a cutter to obtain polycarbonate resin pellets.
- the physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate resin (PC-2-2) are shown below.
- Branch parameter G ([ ⁇ ] / [ ⁇ ] lin ) 1.00 ln ⁇ 10 / [ ⁇ ] 11.3 ln ⁇ 1000 / [ ⁇ ] 9.1 ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 3.8 Pencil hardness 2H
- PC-2-3 Novalex M7027BF manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics. Intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (dl / g) 0.559 Branch parameter G ([ ⁇ ] / [ ⁇ ] lin ) 0.88 ln ⁇ 10 / [ ⁇ ] 14.5 ln ⁇ 1000 / [ ⁇ ] 11.4 ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 5.7 Pencil hardness 2B (Mw / Mn) 2.70 (PC-2-4): Iupilon E-2000 manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics.
- PC-2-5) Intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (dl / g) 0.586 Branch parameter G ([ ⁇ ] / [ ⁇ ] lin ) 1.00 ln ⁇ 10 / [ ⁇ ] 15.1 ln ⁇ 1000 / [ ⁇ ] 11.2 ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 9.8 Pencil hardness 2B (Mw / Mn) 3.10 (PC-2-5): (Preparation of polycarbonate resin (PC-2-5)) In the preparation of the polycarbonate resin (PC-2-1), 0.83 kg of BPA and 1,1-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) cyclohexane (hereinafter referred to as “Bis-OCZ”) instead of BPC A polycarbonate resin (PC-2-5) was obtained in the same manner except that 0.83 kg was used and Cs 2 CO 3 was changed to 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol per 1 mol of all bisphenols.
- PC-2-6 The physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate resin (PC-2-6) are shown below. Intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (dl / g) 0.512 Branch parameter G ([ ⁇ ] / [ ⁇ ] lin ) 0.90 ln ⁇ 10 / [ ⁇ ] 13.3 ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 5.1 ln ⁇ 1000 / [ ⁇ ] 10.1 Pencil hardness H Weight average molecular weight (Mw) 61,300 (Mw / Mn) 3.21
- PC-2-7 Iupilon S-3000 manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics. Intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (dl / g) 0.475 Branch parameter G ([ ⁇ ] / [ ⁇ ] lin ) 1.0 ln ⁇ 10 / [ ⁇ ] 14.3 ln ⁇ 1000 / [ ⁇ ] 12.4 ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 2.5 Pencil hardness 2B Weight average molecular weight (Mw) 45,000 (Mw / Mn) 2.90
- PC-2-8 (Preparation of polycarbonate resin (PC-2-8)) BPC (manufactured by Honshu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) in the presence of 360 parts by weight, 585.1 parts by weight of 25% by weight aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 1721.5 parts by weight of water in the presence of 0.41 part by weight of hydrosulfite After dissolution at 0 ° C., the solution was cooled to 20 ° C. to obtain an aqueous BPC solution.
- the BPC aqueous solution 8.87 kg / hour and methylene chloride 4.50 kg / hour are introduced into a 1.8 L glass first reactor having a reflux condenser, a stirrer, and a refrigerant jacket, and supplied separately here.
- the phosgene at room temperature was brought into contact with 0.672 kg / hour.
- the reaction temperature at this time reached 35 ° C.
- the mixture of the reaction liquid and the reaction gas was introduced into a second reactor (1.8 L) having the same shape as the next first reactor through an overflow pipe attached to the reactor, and reacted.
- the oligomerized emulsion thus obtained was further introduced into a separation tank (settler) having an internal volume of 5.4 L, and the aqueous phase and the oil tank were separated to obtain an oligomeric methylene chloride solution.
- a separation tank settler
- 2.258 kg of the above methylene chloride solution of the oligomer was charged into a 6.8 L paddle bladed reaction tank, and 2.780 kg of dilute methylene chloride was added thereto.
- the aqueous phase and the organic phase were separated.
- 1.16 kg of 0.1N hydrochloric acid was added and stirred for 15 minutes to extract triethylamine and a small amount of remaining alkali component, and then stirring was stopped to separate the aqueous phase and the organic phase.
- 1.16 kg of pure water was added to the separated organic phase, and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes, and then the stirring was stopped to separate the aqueous phase and the organic phase. This operation was repeated three times.
- the obtained purified organic phase was fed into warm water at 60 to 75 ° C. to powder the polycarbonate resin. Then, it dried and obtained powdery polycarbonate resin.
- the physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate resin (PC-2-8) are shown below.
- PC-3-1) (Preparation of polycarbonate resin (PC-3-1)) An aqueous solution of cesium carbonate was added to 37.6 kg (about 147 mol) of BPC (Honshu Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 32.2 kg (about 150 mol) of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) so that the amount of cesium carbonate was 2 ⁇ mol per 1 mol of BPC. Prepared. Next, the mixture was charged into a first reactor having an internal volume of 200 L equipped with a stirrer, a heat medium jacket, a vacuum pump, and a reflux condenser.
- the operation of depressurizing the inside of the first reactor to 1.33 kPa (10 Torr) and then restoring the pressure to the atmospheric pressure with nitrogen was repeated five times to replace the inside of the first reactor with nitrogen.
- the internal temperature of the first reactor was gradually raised through a heat medium having a temperature of 230 ° C. through the heat medium jacket to dissolve the mixture.
- the stirrer was rotated at 300 rpm, the temperature in the heating medium jacket was controlled, and the internal temperature of the first reactor was kept at 220 ° C.
- the pressure in the first reactor is 101.3 kPa (760 Torr) in absolute pressure over 40 minutes while distilling off the phenol produced as a by-product by the oligomerization reaction of BPC and DPC performed in the first reactor.
- a transesterification reaction was performed for 80 minutes while maintaining the pressure in the first reactor at 13.3 kPa and further distilling off the phenol.
- the system was returned to 101.3 kPa in absolute pressure with nitrogen, then increased to 0.2 MPa with gauge pressure, and the oligomer in the first reactor was passed through a transfer pipe heated to 200 ° C. or higher in advance. Two reactors were pumped.
- the second reactor had an internal volume of 200 L, was equipped with a stirrer, a heat medium jacket, a vacuum pump and a reflux condenser, and the internal pressure was controlled to atmospheric pressure and the internal temperature was controlled to 240 ° C.
- the oligomer fed into the second reactor was stirred at 38 rpm, the internal temperature was raised with a heating medium jacket, and the inside of the second reactor was absolute pressure from 101.3 kPa to 13.3 kPa over 40 minutes. The pressure was reduced to. Thereafter, the temperature increase was continued, and the internal pressure was reduced from 13.3 kPa to 399 Pa (3 Torr) as an absolute pressure over an additional 40 minutes, and phenol distilled out was removed out of the system.
- the temperature was continuously raised, and after the absolute pressure in the second reactor reached 70 Pa (about 0.5 Torr), the pressure was maintained at 70 Pa, and a polycondensation reaction was performed.
- the final internal temperature in the second reactor was 285 ° C.
- the polycondensation reaction was completed when the stirrer of the second reactor reached a predetermined stirring power.
- the inside of the second reactor is restored to 101.3 kPa in absolute pressure with nitrogen, and the gauge pressure is increased to 0.2 MPa, and the polycarbonate resin is extracted in a strand form from the bottom of the second reactor,
- the mixture was pelletized by using a rotary cutter while being cooled at the same time.
- the physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate resin (PC-3-1) are shown below.
- PC-3-2 Novalex M7027BF manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics. Intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (dl / g) 0.559 Branch parameter G ([ ⁇ ] / [ ⁇ ] lin ) 0.88 ln ⁇ 10 / [ ⁇ ] 14.5 ln ⁇ 1000 / [ ⁇ ] 11.4 ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 5.7 Pencil hardness 2B (Mw / Mn) 2.70
- PC-4-1) (Preparation of polycarbonate resin (PC-4-1)) An aqueous solution of cesium carbonate was added to 37.6 kg (about 147 mol) of BPC (Honshu Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 32.2 kg (about 150 mol) of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) so that the amount of cesium carbonate was 2 ⁇ mol per 1 mol of BPC. Prepared. Next, the mixture was charged into a first reactor having an internal volume of 200 L equipped with a stirrer, a heat medium jacket, a vacuum pump, and a reflux condenser.
- the operation of depressurizing the inside of the first reactor to 1.33 kPa (10 Torr) and then restoring the pressure to the atmospheric pressure with nitrogen was repeated five times to replace the inside of the first reactor with nitrogen.
- the internal temperature of the first reactor was gradually raised through a heat medium having a temperature of 230 ° C. through the heat medium jacket to dissolve the mixture.
- the stirrer was rotated at 300 rpm, the temperature in the heating medium jacket was controlled, and the internal temperature of the first reactor was kept at 220 ° C.
- the pressure in the first reactor is 101.3 kPa (760 Torr) in absolute pressure over 40 minutes while distilling off the phenol produced as a by-product by the oligomerization reaction of BPC and DPC performed in the first reactor.
- a transesterification reaction was performed for 80 minutes while maintaining the pressure in the first reactor at 13.3 kPa and further distilling off the phenol.
- the system was returned to 101.3 kPa in absolute pressure with nitrogen, then increased to 0.2 MPa with gauge pressure, and the oligomer in the first reactor was passed through a transfer pipe heated to 200 ° C. or higher in advance. Two reactors were pumped.
- the second reactor had an internal volume of 200 L, was equipped with a stirrer, a heat medium jacket, a vacuum pump and a reflux condenser, and the internal pressure was controlled to atmospheric pressure and the internal temperature was controlled to 240 ° C.
- the oligomer fed into the second reactor was stirred at 38 rpm, the internal temperature was raised with a heating medium jacket, and the inside of the second reactor was absolute pressure from 101.3 kPa to 13.3 kPa over 40 minutes. The pressure was reduced to. Thereafter, the temperature increase was continued, and the internal pressure was reduced from 13.3 kPa to 399 Pa (3 Torr) as an absolute pressure over an additional 40 minutes, and phenol distilled out was removed out of the system.
- the temperature was continuously raised, and after the absolute pressure in the second reactor reached 70 Pa (about 0.5 Torr), the pressure was maintained at 70 Pa, and a polycondensation reaction was performed.
- the final internal temperature in the second reactor was 285 ° C.
- the polycondensation reaction was completed when the stirrer of the second reactor reached a predetermined stirring power. At this time, the stirring rotation speed of the stirrer was 6 rotations / minute, the reaction liquid temperature immediately before the completion of the reaction was 282 ° C., and the stirring power was 1.27 kW.
- PC-4-2) (Preparation of polycarbonate resin (PC-4-2)) A polycarbonate resin was obtained in the same manner as PC-4-1 except that the rotation speed of the stirrer of the second reactor and the predetermined stirring power value were changed. At this time, the stirring rotation speed of the stirrer was 16 rotations / minute, the reaction liquid temperature just before the completion of the reaction was 280 ° C., and the stirring power was 1.65 kW.
- the physical properties of the obtained polycarbonate resin (PC-4-2) are shown below.
- PC-4-3 Novalex 7030PJ manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics. Intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (dl / g) 0.640 Branch parameter G ([ ⁇ ] / [ ⁇ ] lin ) 1.00 Pencil hardness 2B
- PC-4-4 Novalex 7022PJ manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics. Intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (dl / g) 0.470 Branch parameter G ([ ⁇ ] / [ ⁇ ] lin ) 1.00 Pencil hardness 2B
- B. Flame retardant Metal salt sulfonate flame retardant C4 potassium perfluorobutane sulfonate (Biowet C4 manufactured by Bayer) Phosphorus-containing compound flame retardant PX200: Aromatic condensed phosphate ester flame retardant (PX200 manufactured by Daihachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) Phosphorus-containing compound flame retardant FP110: Phosphazene derivative flame retardant (FP110 manufactured by Fushimi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) Sulfonic acid metal salt flame retardant F114P: potassium perfluorobutane sulfonate (F114P manufactured by Bayer) Halogen-containing compound flame retardant FR53: Brominated polycarbonate resin flame retardant (Iupilon FR FR53 manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics)
- a burner flame is applied to the lower end of a vertically supported strip-shaped test piece and kept for 10 seconds, and then the burner flame is separated from the test piece. When the flame disappears, the burner flame is applied for another 10 seconds and then the burner. Release the flame.
- V-0, V-1, and V-2 are determined based on the flaming combustion duration after the first and second flame contact, the flaming combustion duration after the second flame contact, and the flameless combustion.
- the total duration is determined by the total of the flammable combustion durations of the five test pieces and the presence or absence of combustion drops (drip).
- V-0 is judged within 10 seconds
- V-1 and V-2 are judged based on whether or not flaming combustion is finished within 30 seconds.
- the sum of the second flammable combustion duration and the flameless combustion duration is determined by whether V-0 disappears within 30 seconds and V-1 and V-2 disappear within 60 seconds.
- the total of the flammable combustion durations of the five test pieces is determined based on whether V-0 is within 50 seconds and V-1 and V-2 are within 250 seconds. Also, combustion drops are allowed only for V-2. All specimens must not burn out.
- the flow rate Q of the polycarbonate resin composition is preheated using a Koka-type flow tester (CFT-500A manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) and using an orifice of 1 mm ⁇ ⁇ 10 mm under the conditions of 280 ° C. and 160 kg / cm 2. The measurement was made at 7 minutes (unit: cm 3 / sec).
- Examples 1-1 to 1-6 Using six types of polycarbonate resins (PC-1-1 to PC-1-6) having a melt viscosity ratio ( ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 ) shown in Table 1-1, a flame retardant and a release agent, These were blended and mixed in the composition shown in Table 1-1, and kneaded at a barrel temperature of 280 ° C. by a twin screw extruder (TEX30XCT manufactured by Nippon Steel Works) to prepare a polycarbonate resin composition. After the obtained pellets were dried at 80 ° C. for 5 hours, various test pieces were prepared according to the above-described procedure, and combustibility, pencil hardness, and Q value were measured. The results are shown in Table 1-1.
- Comparative Examples 1-2 to 1-5) Further, as comparative examples, five types of polycarbonate resins (PC-1-6 to PC-1-9) having a melt viscosity ratio ( ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 1000 ) shown in Table 1-2, a flame retardant, and Using a release agent, these were blended and mixed in the composition shown in Table 1-2, and a polycarbonate resin composition was prepared by the same operation as in Example 1-1. The obtained pellets were dried at 120 ° C. for 5 hours, and then various test pieces were prepared according to the procedure described above, and the flammability, pencil hardness, and Q value were measured. The results are shown in Table 1-2.
- the flame retardant and release agent in Table 1-2 are the same as those in Table 1-1 described above.
- PC-2-1 Polycarbonate resin prepared by the melting method described above, polycarbonate resin (PC-2-8) prepared by the interfacial method, other polycarbonate resins (PC-2-2, PC-2-3, and PC-2-4), flame retardant and release agent were mixed and mixed in the composition shown in Table 2-1, and kneaded at a barrel temperature of 280 ° C. by a twin screw extruder (TEX30HSST manufactured by Nippon Steel Works).
- a polycarbonate resin composition was prepared. The obtained pellets were dried at 120 ° C. for 5 hours, and then various test pieces were prepared according to the above procedure, and the combustibility, pencil hardness, and transparency were measured. The results are shown in Table 2-1.
- Example 2-1 and Example 2-2 suppressed the decrease in transparency. It can be seen that a polycarbonate resin composition having improved flame retardancy and pencil hardness is obtained. Further, when Example 2-2 is compared with Comparative Example 2-2, it can be seen that the pencil hardness of the resin composition is equivalent, but the result of the combustion test is better in Example 2-2. The same can be seen from a comparison between Example 2-3 and Comparative Example 2-3.
- Examples 2-7 to 2-9 and Comparative Example 2-5) The above-mentioned polycarbonate resin (PC-2-6), other polycarbonate resins (PC-2-3 and PC-2-7), flame retardants and mold release agents were used, and the compositions shown in Table 2-2 were used.
- the mixture was mixed and kneaded at a barrel temperature of 280 ° C. with a twin-screw extruder (TEX30HSST manufactured by Nippon Steel Works) to prepare a polycarbonate resin composition.
- the obtained pellets were dried at 120 ° C. for 5 hours, and then various test pieces were prepared according to the procedure described above, and the flammability, pencil hardness, load deflection temperature (DTUL), and transparency were measured.
- Table 2-2 The results are shown in Table 2-2.
- E. Deflection temperature under load The pellets of the polycarbonate resin composition shown in Table 2-2 were dried for 3 hours using a dryer at 100 ° C., and then injected with an injection molding machine (IS-80EPN manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd.) at an injection speed of 200 mm / second and a holding pressure of 70 MPa. (Injection + pressure holding) time 20 seconds, cooling time 20 seconds, mold temperature 120 ° C. and molten resin temperature 330 ° C., a multi-purpose test piece A-type molded piece conforming to ISO 3167 was molded.
- IS-80EPN manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd.
- Table 2-2 it is derived from 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl) propane among polycarbonate resins having a structural unit represented by the formula (1) in the molecule. It can be seen that molded articles with improved heat resistance can be obtained by the compositions (Examples 2-7 to 2-9) in which the polycarbonate resin having the structural unit and the flame retardant are blended.
- Examples 3-1 to 3-3 and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-2 Using the polycarbonate resin (PC-3-1) prepared by the melting method described above, other polycarbonate resin (PC-3-2), and a flame retardant, these were blended and mixed in the composition shown in Table 3-1, A polycarbonate resin composition was prepared by kneading at a barrel temperature of 280 ° C. with a shaft extruder (TEX30HSST manufactured by Nippon Steel Works). The obtained pellets were dried at 120 ° C. for 5 hours, and then various test pieces were prepared according to the procedure described above, and the flammability, pencil hardness, and Haze were measured. The results are shown in Table 3-1.
- Example 4-1 to 4-6 and Comparative Examples 4-1 to 4-2 Using polycarbonate resins (PC-4-1 and PC-4-2) prepared by the melting method described above, other polycarbonate resins (PC-4-3 and PC-4-4), and flame retardants, these Were blended and mixed in the composition shown in Table 4-1, and kneaded at a barrel temperature of 280 ° C. with a twin-screw extruder (TEX30HSST manufactured by Nippon Steel) to prepare a polycarbonate resin composition. The obtained pellets were dried at 120 ° C. for 5 hours, and then various test pieces were prepared according to the above procedure, and the combustibility, pencil hardness, and transparency were measured. The results are shown in Table 4-1.
- the molded product obtained from the polycarbonate resin composition of the present invention is excellent in flame retardancy, has high hardness and improved moldability, and has a housing for precision equipment, a housing for home appliances, an exterior member, and a building material. Useful as such.
- the entire contents of the specification, claims, and abstract of application 2011-076450 are hereby incorporated by reference as the disclosure of the specification of the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、特許文献1には、溶融法で得られる特定の溶融粘弾性を有するポリカーボネート樹脂に難燃剤を配合したポリカーボネート樹脂組成物が記載されている。すなわち、溶融法で得られるポリカーボネート100重量部に、難燃剤0.01~30重量部を配合したポリカーボネート樹脂組成物であって、温度250℃、角速度10rad/sの条件で測定した、ポリカーボネートの損失角δ及び複素粘度η*(Pa・s)が、関係式2500≦tanδ/η*-0.87≦6000を満たすことを特徴とするポリカーボネート樹脂組成物が記載されている。
また、ポリカーボネート樹脂は、難燃性に加え、多くの用途に適した成形品を得るための良好な成形性が求められる。例えば、薄肉製品を射出成形法により得る場合等は、射出成形に適した流動性が必要とされる。
[1]300℃、剪断速度10sec-1で測定した溶融粘度η10と、300℃、剪断速度1000sec-1で測定した溶融粘度η1000との比(η10/η1000)が3以上8以下であり、分岐パラメータG=[η]/[η]linが、0.80以上0.94以下であり、且つ鉛筆硬度がHB以上であることを特徴とするポリカーボネート樹脂。
但し、[η]は前記ポリカーボネート樹脂の塩化メチレン溶媒中、20℃における極限粘度(dl/g)であり、[η]linは汎用較正曲線を用いたGPC法で測定される重量平均分子量が前記ポリカーボネート樹脂と同一の直鎖状ポリカーボネートの、塩化メチレン溶媒中、20℃における極限粘度(dl/g)である。
[2]前記ポリカーボネート樹脂が、下記式(1)で表される構造単位を有することを特徴とする前記[1]に記載のポリカーボネート樹脂。
(式(1)において、Xは、単結合、置換若しくは無置換のアルキレン基、置換若しくは無置換のアルキリデン基、酸化若しくは酸化されていない硫黄原子、又は酸素原子を示す。R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、置換若しくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、又は置換若しくは無置換のアリール基を示し、R3及びR4は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、置換若しくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、又は置換若しくは無置換のアリール基を示す。)
[3]前記式(1)におけるR1及びR2が、フェノキシ基における2位の炭素に結合したメチル基であり、R3及びR4が、フェノキシ基における6位の炭素に結合した水素原子であり、Xが、イソプロピリデン基であることを特徴とする前記[2]に記載のポリカーボネート樹脂。
[4]前記ポリカーボネート樹脂が、下記式(2)で表される構造単位を有することを特徴とする前記[1]乃至[3]のいずれかに記載のポリカーボネート樹脂。
(式(2)において、R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、置換若しくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、又は置換若しくは無置換のアリール基を示す。)
[5]前記ポリカーボネート樹脂は、下記式(3)で表される芳香族ジヒドロキシ化合物と炭酸ジエステルとのエステル交換法により得られることを特徴とする前記[1]乃至[4]のいずれかに記載のポリカーボネート樹脂。
(式(3)中、R1、R2、R3、R4、及びXは、前記式(1)と同義である。)
[6]前記[1]乃至[5]のいずれかに記載のポリカーボネート樹脂と、下記式(4)で表される構造単位を有するポリカーボネート樹脂とを含むことを特徴とするポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。
(式中、Xは、前記式(1)と同義である。)
[7]前記[1]乃至[5]のいずれかに記載のポリカーボネート樹脂の含有量が、ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物中の1~45重量%であることを特徴とする前記[6]に記載のポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。
[8]前記[1]乃至[5]のいずれかに記載のポリカーボネート樹脂、又は、前記[6]若しくは[7]に記載のポリカーボネート樹脂組成物と、難燃剤とを含むことを特徴とする難燃剤含有ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。
[9]前記難燃剤がスルホン酸金属塩系難燃剤、ハロゲン含有化合物系難燃剤及び燐含有化合物系難燃剤からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする前記[8]に記載の難燃剤含有ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。
[10]前記ポリカーボネート樹脂又は前記ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物100重量部に対しスルホン酸金属塩系難燃剤が0.04~0.3重量部添加されてなることを特徴とする前記[9]に記載の難燃剤含有ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。
[11]前記ポリカーボネート樹脂又は前記ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物100重量部に対しハロゲン含有化合物系難燃剤が5~30重量部添加されてなることを特徴とする前記[9]に記載の難燃剤含有ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。
[12]前記ポリカーボネート樹脂又は前記ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物100重量部に対し燐含有化合物系難燃剤が3~15重量部添加されてなることを特徴とする前記[9]に記載の難燃剤含有ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。
[13]前記[8]乃至[12]のいずれかに記載の難燃剤含有ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物を成形してなる成形体であって、厚さ2mm以下の試験片によるUL94の難燃性試験においてV-0規格を満たし、JIS-K7136の規定に基づく厚さ3mmの試験片によるヘーズ値が1.0以下であり、且つ表面硬度がHB以上であることを特徴とするポリカーボネート樹脂成形体。
本発明のポリカーボネート樹脂は、上記したそれぞれの特性を有するものであり、また、ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物は、かかるポリカーボネート樹脂と特定の難燃剤と含有するものある。以下、各要件について説明する。
本発明のポリカーボネート樹脂は、300℃、剪断速度10sec-1で測定した溶融粘度η10(Pa・s)と300℃、剪断速度1000sec-1で測定した溶融粘度η1000(Pa・s)との比(η10/η1000)が3以上8以下(3≦(η10/η1000)≦8)である性質を有する。
本発明において、キャピログラフによるポリカーボネート樹脂の溶融粘度は、キャピラリーレオメータ「キャピログラフ 1C」(株式会社東洋精機製作所製)を用い、ダイスの径1mmφ×長さ10mmL、滞留時間5分、測定温度300℃にて、剪断速度γ=9.12sec-1~1824sec-1の範囲で測定され、ポリカーボネート樹脂のη10及びη1000を求める。また、本発明で用いるポリカーボネート樹脂の溶融粘度の測定において、測定に用いるポリカーボネート樹脂は、予め80℃で5時間乾燥したものを使用する。
本発明のポリカーボネート樹脂の溶融粘度η10は、通常、8,000以上であり、好ましくは10,000以上である。但し、溶融粘度η10は、通常、100,000以下であり、好ましくは50,000以下である。
溶融粘度η10が、過度に小さいと燃焼時に火種が落下しやすい傾向がある。溶融粘度η10が、過度に大きいと押出機での混練時に粘度が高いため、添加剤の分散不良を招き易い、あるいは押出機のモータ負荷が大きすぎてトラブルになりやすい傾向がある。
本発明のポリカーボネート樹脂の溶融粘度η1000は、通常、10,000以下であり、好ましくは5,000以下である。但し、溶融粘度η1000は、通常、1,000以上であり、好ましくは2,000以上である。溶融粘度η1000が、過度に小さいと機械的強度が劣る傾向がある。溶融粘度η1000が、過度に大きいと流動性不足により成型性が悪化する傾向がある。
ここで、溶融粘度η10と溶融粘度η1000との比(η10/η1000)は、ポリカーボネート樹脂と難燃剤を配合したポリカーボネート樹脂組成物の難燃性と成形性のバランスを表す指標としての技術的意義を有する。すなわち、高速剪断速度における溶融粘度η1000は、ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物の成形時における成形性を支配する要因となり得る。また、低速剪断速度における溶融粘度η10は、ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物の燃焼性試験における難燃性を支配する要因となり得る。
本発明において、比(η10/η1000)は、3以上、好ましくは4以上であり、且つ、比(η10/η1000)は、8以下、好ましくは6以下である。比(η10/η1000)が過度に小さいと、難燃性や成型性に劣る傾向がある。比(η10/η1000)が過度に大きいと、押出混練時のしやすさや、機械的強度に劣る傾向がある。
置換若しくは無置換のアルキレン基、及び置換若しくは無置換のアルキリデン基を以下に示す。
これらの中でも、R5及びR6は、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、又は4-メチルフェニル基が好ましく、更にはメチル基が好ましく、特に、R5及びR6の両方がメチル基であり、nが1、つまり式(1)のXがイソプロピリデン基であることが好ましい。
中でも本発明に用いるポリカーボネート樹脂は、2,2-ビス(3-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン構造単位を有するものが、特に好ましい。
(a)塩化メチレン溶媒中、20℃における極限粘度[η](dl/g)が、0.40以上2.0以下の範囲である。さらに、極限粘度[η](dl/g)が、0.50~1.00が好ましく、0.50~0.80が特に好ましい。極限粘度[η]が過度に小さいと、機械的強度が劣る傾向があり、極限粘度[η]が過度に大きいと、溶融流動性が悪化し成形性が劣る傾向がある。
ここで、[η]linは、光散乱法又は汎用較正曲線を用いたGPC法で測定される重量平均分子量が同一の直鎖状ポリカーボネートの、塩化メチレン溶媒中、20℃における極限粘度である。
本発明では、分岐剤を使用せずに芳香族ジヒドロキシ化合物と塩化カルボニルとの界面重合法により得られたポリカーボネート樹脂(直鎖状ポリカーボネート)の極限粘度と重量平均分子量とから粘度式を求め、それをもとにして算出した値である。
〔η〕linは、分岐剤を使用せずに界面重縮合法で製造したポリカーボネート樹脂の極限粘度を測定し、これを直鎖状ポリカーボネートの極限粘度〔η〕linとする。また、極限粘度〔η〕linを有する直鎖状ポリカーボネートの重量平均分子量(Mw)は、予め、ポリカーボネート樹脂のGPC測定結果から求めた標準ポリスチレンに換算した分子量と、極限粘度〔η〕とから分子量-粘度関係式を求め、この分子量-粘度関係式から算出する。
(lnη10/[η])と(lnη1000/[η])は、上記の範囲を同時に満足することが好ましい。上記の範囲を外れると、流動性、成形性のバランスを損なう傾向がある。(lnη10/[η])及び(lnη1000/[η])は、ともに下限値は特に限定されないが、実用上、(lnη10/[η])は、11.0~14.0の範囲がより好ましく、(lnη1000/[η])は、8.0~11.0の範囲がより好ましい。
次に、本発明のポリカーボネート樹脂の製造方法について説明する。このポリカーボネート樹脂の製造方法には、芳香族ジヒドロキシ化合物と炭酸ジエステルとのエステル交換反応に基づく溶融重縮合(溶融法)、芳香族ジヒドロキシ化合物と塩化カルボニルとの界面重縮合による界面法が挙げられる。これらの中でも、溶融法が好ましい。
芳香族ジヒドロキシ化合物としては、溶融法(エステル交換法)、及び界面法ともに下記式(3)で表される芳香族ジヒドロキシ化合物を含有することが好ましい。
式(3)で表される芳香族ジヒドロキシ化合物は1種又は2種以上を混合して用いることができる。上記式(3)において、R1、R2、R3、R4、及びXの好ましい構造、さらにフェニル環に対する好ましい結合位置は、式(1)におけるのと同様である。
溶融法においては、原料として芳香族ジヒドロキシ化合物及びカルボニル化合物を用い、エステル交換触媒の存在下、連続的に行われる溶融重縮合反応によりポリカーボネート樹脂を製造する。
本発明で使用するカルボニル化合物としては、下記式で示される炭酸ジエステル化合物が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、ジフェニルカーボネート(以下、DPCと略記することがある。)、置換ジフェニルカーボネートが好ましい。これらの炭酸ジエステルは、単独又は2種以上を混合して用いることができる。
代表的なジカルボン酸又はジカルボン酸エステルとしては、例えば、テレフタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸ジフェニル、イソフタル酸ジフェニル等が挙げられる。このようなジカルボン酸又はジカルボン酸エステルで置換した場合には、ポリエステルカーボネートが得られる。
即ち、芳香族ジヒドロキシ化合物1モルに対して、通常、炭酸ジエステル化合物が1.01~1.30モル、好ましくは1.02~1.20モルの範囲で用いられる。前記炭酸ジエステル化合物の使用量が過度に小さいと、得られるポリカーボネート樹脂の末端水酸基濃度が高くなり、熱安定性が悪化する傾向となる。また、前記炭酸ジエステル化合物の使用量が過度に大きいと、エステル交換の反応速度が低下し、所望の分子量を有するポリカーボネート樹脂の生産が困難となる傾向となる他、樹脂中の炭酸ジエステル化合物の残存量が多くなり、成形加工時や成形品としたときの臭気の原因となることがあり、好ましくない。
本発明において使用するエステル交換触媒としては、通常、エステル交換法によりポリカーボネート樹脂を製造する際に用いられる触媒が挙げられ、特に限定されない。一般的には、例えば、アルカリ金属化合物、アルカリ土類金属化合物、ベリリウム化合物、マグネシウム化合物、塩基性ホウ素化合物、塩基性リン化合物、塩基性アンモニウム化合物、アミン系化合物等の塩基性化合物が挙げられる。これらの中でも、実用的にはアルカリ金属化合物、アルカリ土類金属化合物が望ましい。これらのエステル交換触媒は、単独で使用してもよく、2種類以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
溶融法によるポリカーボネート樹脂の製造は、原料の芳香族ジヒドロキシ化合物及び炭酸ジエステル化合物の原料混合溶融液を調製し(原調工程)、これらの化合物を、エステル交換反応触媒の存在下、溶融状態で複数の反応器を用いて多段階で重縮合反応をさせる(重縮合工程)ことによって行われる。反応方式は、バッチ式、連続式、又はバッチ式と連続式の組合せのいずれでもよい。反応器は、複数基の竪型撹拌反応器及びこれに続く少なくとも1基の横型撹拌反応器であるのが好ましい。通常、これらの反応器は直列に設置され、連続的に処理が行われるのが好ましい。
重縮合工程後、反応を停止させ、重縮合反応液中の未反応原料や反応副生物を脱揮除去する工程や、熱安定剤、離型剤、色剤等を添加する工程、ポリカーボネート樹脂を所定の粒径のペレットに形成する工程等を適宜追加してもよい。
界面法によるポリカーボネート樹脂の製造方法は、通常、芳香族ジヒドロキシ化合物のアルカリ水溶液を調製し、重合触媒として使用するアミン化合物の存在下で、芳香族ジヒドロキシ化合物と塩化カルボニル(以下、CDCともいう。)との界面重縮合反応を行い、次いで、中和、水洗、乾燥工程を経てポリカーボネート樹脂が得られる。
このような不活性有機溶媒として、例えば、ヘキサン、n-ヘプタン等の脂肪族炭化水素;ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素、ジクロロエタン、トリクロロエタン、テトラクロロエタン、ジクロロプロパン及び1,2-ジクロロエチレン等の塩素化脂肪族炭化水素;ベンゼン、トルエン及びキシレン等の芳香族炭化水素;クロロベンゼン、o-ジクロロベンゼン及びクロロトルエン等の塩素化芳香族炭化水素;その他、ニトロベンゼン及びアセトフェノン等の置換芳香族炭化水素等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、例えば、ジクロロメタン又はクロロベンゼン等の塩素化された炭化水素が好適に使用される。これらの不活性有機溶媒は、単独であるいは他の溶媒との混合物として使用することができる。
カーボネート形成性化合物の共存下でモノフェノールを添加すると、モノフェノール同士の縮合物(炭酸ジフェニル類)が多く生成し、目標とする分子量のポリカーボネート樹脂が得られにくい傾向がある。モノフェノールの添加時期が極端に遅れると、分子量制御が困難となり、さらに、分子量分布の低分子側に特異な肩を有する樹脂となり、成型時には垂れを生じる等の弊害が生じる傾向がある。
界面法によるポリカーボネート樹脂の製造は、芳香族ジヒドロキシ化合物のアルカリ水溶液を調製し(原調工程)、塩化カルボニル(COCl2)及び有機溶媒の存在下で行われる芳香族ジヒドロキシ化合物のホスゲン化反応の後、縮合触媒と連鎖停止剤を用いて芳香族ジヒドロキシ化合物のオリゴマー化反応を行い(オリゴマー化工程)、続いて、オリゴマーを用いた重縮合反応を行い(重縮合工程)、重縮合反応後の反応液をアルカリ洗浄、酸洗浄、水洗浄により洗浄し(洗浄工程)、洗浄された反応液を予濃縮しポリカーボネート樹脂を造粒後に単離し(樹脂単離工程)、単離されたポリカーボネート樹脂の粒子を乾燥する(乾燥工程)ことによって行われるのが好ましい。
式(4)で表される構造単位を有するポリカーボネート樹脂の具体例としては、例えば、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン(ビスフェノールA)の単独重合体、前述した式(2)で表される芳香族ジヒドロキシ化合物の1種または2種以上とビスフェノールAとの共重体が挙げられる。
本発明では、前述した式(1)で表される構造単位を有するポリカーボネート樹脂と式(4)で表される構造単位を有するポリカーボネート樹脂とを併用する場合、式(4)で表される構造単位を有するポリカーボネート樹脂の含有量が、全ポリカーボネート樹脂中の99重量%以下が好ましく、50重量%以上であるのがより好ましい。
本発明で使用する難燃剤としては、例えば、スルホン酸金属塩系難燃剤、ハロゲン含有化合物系難燃剤、燐含有化合物系難燃剤及び珪素含有化合物系難燃剤からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種が挙げられる。これらの中でも、スルホン酸金属塩系難燃剤が好ましい。
本発明で使用する難燃剤の配合量は、通常、ポリカーボネート樹脂100重量部に対し、0.01重量部以上であり、好ましくは、0.05重量部以上である。難燃剤の配合量が過度に少ないと、難燃効果が低下する。難燃剤の配合量が過度に多いと、樹脂成形品の機械強度が低下しすぎる傾向がある。
スルホン酸金属塩系難燃剤は、前記ポリカーボネート樹脂の100重量部に対し、好ましくは0.04~0.3重量部、より好ましくは0.05~0.2重量部添加される
ハロゲン含有化合物系難燃剤は、前記ポリカーボネート樹脂の100重量部に対して好ましくは5~30重量部、より好ましくは10~25重量部添加される。
燐含有化合物系難燃剤は、前記ポリカーボネート樹脂の100重量部に対して好ましくは3~15重量部、より好ましくは5~25重量部、最も好ましくは10~12重量部添加される。
また、本発明のポリカーボネート樹脂からは、高硬度且つ難燃性が向上した樹脂成形体を調製することが可能であり、さらに該成形体は、ランプレンズ、保護カバー、拡散板等のLED等照明関連樹脂成形品;眼鏡レンズ、自販機ボタン、携帯機器等のキー等に好適に用いられる。
本発明のポリカーボネート樹脂組成物には、必要に応じて、種々の添加剤が配合される。添加剤としては、例えば、安定剤、紫外線吸収剤、離型剤、着色剤、帯電防止剤、熱可塑性樹脂、熱可塑性エラストマー、ガラス繊維、ガラスフレーク、ガラスビーズ、炭素繊維、ワラストナイト、珪酸カルシウム、硼酸アルミニウムウィスカー等が挙げられる。
ポリカーボネート樹脂と難燃剤及び必要に応じて配合される添加剤等の混合方法は特に限定されない。本発明では、例えば、ペレット又は粉末等の固体状態のポリカーボネート樹脂と難燃剤等を混合後、押出機等で混練する方法、溶融状態のポリカーボネート樹脂と難燃剤等とを混合する方法、溶融法又は界面法における原料モノマーの重合反応の途中又は重合反応終了時に難燃剤等を添加する方法等が挙げられる。
本発明のポリカーボネート樹脂組成物を用いて、ポリカーボネート樹脂成形体が調製される。ポリカーボネート樹脂成形体の成形方法は特に限定されず、例えば、射出成型機等の従来公知の成型機を用いて成形する方法等が挙げられる。
本発明のポリカーボネート樹脂成形体は、例えば、フェニル環に置換基を有しないビスフェノールA等をモノマーとして得られるポリカーボネート樹脂を使用する場合と比較して、成形体の表面硬度及び透明性の低下が抑制され、且つ難燃性が良好である。
具体的には、本発明のポリカーボネート樹脂組成物から形成される成形体は、難燃性については、厚さ2mm以下の試験片によるUL94の難燃性試験においてV-0規格を満たすことが好ましい。透明性については、JIS-K7136の規定に基づく厚さ3mmの試験片によるヘーズ値が1.0以下であることが好ましい。
本発明のポリカーボネート樹脂、及びポリカーボネート樹脂組成物は、ISO 15184に準拠した鉛筆硬度が、HB以上であることが好ましい。該鉛筆硬度は、より好ましくは、F以上であり、さらに好ましくはH以上である。但し、通常、3H以下である。該鉛筆硬度がHB未満では、樹脂成形体の表面が傷つきやすい傾向がある。
以下に本発明で使用したポリカーボネート樹脂、難燃剤、及び離型剤を示す。
A.ポリカーボネート樹脂
(PC-1-1):
(溶融法によるポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-1-1)の調製)
2,2-ビス(3-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン(以下、「BPC」と記す。)6.55モル(1.68kg)と、ジフェニルカーボネート6.73モル(1.44kg)を、撹拌機および溜出凝縮装置付きのSUS製反応器(内容積10リットル)内に入れ、反応器内を窒素ガスで置換後、窒素ガス雰囲気下で220℃まで30分間かけて昇温した。
次いで、反応器内の反応液を撹拌し、溶融状態下の反応液にエステル交換反応触媒として炭酸セシウム(Cs2CO3)を、BPC1モルに対し1.5×10-6モルとなるように加え(Cs2CO3として3.20mg)、窒素ガス雰囲気下、220℃で30分、反応液を撹拌醸成した。次に、同温度下で反応器内の圧力を40分かけて100Torrに減圧し、さらに、100分間反応させ、フェノールを溜出させた。
次に、反応液を2軸押出機に送入し、炭酸セシウムに対して4倍モル量のp-トルエンスルホン酸ブチルを2軸押出機の第1供給口から供給し、反応液と混練し、その後、反応液を2軸押出機のダイを通してストランド状に押し出し、カッターで切断してポリカーボネート樹脂のペレットを得た。
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.552
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 0.87
lnη10/[η] 12.6
lnη1000/[η] 9.8
鉛筆硬度 2H
η10/η1000 4.6
重量平均分子量(Mw) 66,500
(Mw/Mn) 3.14
(溶融法によるポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-1-2)の調製)
2,2-ビス(3-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン(以下、「BPC」と記す。)6.59モル(1.69kg)と、ジフェニルカーボネート6.73モル(1.44kg)を、撹拌機および溜出凝縮装置付きのSUS製反応器(内容積10リットル)内に入れ、反応器内を窒素ガスで置換後、窒素ガス雰囲気下で220℃まで30分間かけて昇温した。
次いで、反応器内の反応液を撹拌し、溶融状態下の反応液にエステル交換反応触媒として炭酸セシウム(Cs2CO3)を、BPC1モルに対し1.5×10-6モルとなるように加え(Cs2CO3として3.20mg)、窒素ガス雰囲気下、220℃で30分、反応液を撹拌醸成した。次に、同温度下で反応器内の圧力を40分かけて100Torrに減圧し、さらに、100分間反応させ、フェノールを溜出させた。
次に、反応液を2軸押出機に送入し、炭酸セシウムに対して4倍モル量のp-トルエンスルホン酸ブチルを2軸押出機の第1供給口から供給し、反応液と混練し、その後、反応液を2軸押出機のダイを通してストランド状に押し出し、カッターで切断してポリカーボネート樹脂のペレットを得た。
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.597
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 0.85
lnη10/[η] 12.1
lnη1000/[η] 9.5
鉛筆硬度 2H
η10/η1000 4.9
重量平均分子量(Mw) 70,200
(Mw/Mn) 3.48
(溶融法によるポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-1-3)の調製)
「BPC」を6.59モル(1.69kg)とし、反応器内の圧力を1Torr未満に保った後の反応時間を80分とした以外は、ポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-1-2)と同様の条件で調製した。反応終了直前の反応液温度は300℃、攪拌動力は1.15kWであった。
尚、得られたポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-1-3)の物性を以下に示した。
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.708
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 0.83
lnη10/[η] 11.6
lnη1000/[η] 8.6
鉛筆硬度 2H
η10/η1000 7.9
重量平均分子量(Mw) 99,500
(Mw/Mn) 3.94
(溶融法によるポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-1-5)の調製)
前述したポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-1-1)の調製において、BPC100%の使用に変え、BPA0.34kgと2,2-ビス(3、5-ジメチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン(Tm-BPAと略す)1.34kgを併用し、Cs2CO3をBPAとTm-BPAの合計量の1モルに対し、5.0×10-6モルに変更し、THPEをBPAとTm-BPAの合計量の1モルに対し3.5×10-3モル添加した以外は、PC-1-1と同様の条件でポリカーボネート樹脂を製造した。ポリカーボネート樹脂の1H-NMRの測定した結果により、ポリカーボネート樹脂中のBPAの由来する構造単位量が20.4質量%、Tm-BPAに由来する構造単位量が79.6質量%であった。
尚、得られたポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-1-5)の物性を以下に示した。
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.512
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 0.90
lnη10/[η] 13.3
lnη1000/[η] 10.1
鉛筆硬度 H
η10/η1000 3.2
重量平均分子量(Mw) 61,300
(Mw/Mn) 3.21
鉛筆硬度 3B
η10/η1000 2.8
(PC-1-9):三菱エンジニアリングプラスチックス社製ノバレックスM7027J。
鉛筆硬度 3B
η10/η1000 5.2
(PC-1-10):三菱エンジニアリングプラスチックス社製ユーピロンS-3000。
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.475
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 1.0
lnη10/[η] 14.3
lnη1000/[η] 12.4
鉛筆硬度 2B
η10/η1000 2.3
重量平均分子量(Mw) 45,000
(Mw/Mn) 2.90
(界面法によるポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-1-11)の調製)
BPC13.80kg/時、水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)5.8kg/時及び水93.5kg/時を、ハイドロサルファイト0.017kg/時の存在下に、35℃で溶解した後、25℃に冷却した水相と5℃に冷却した塩化メチレン61.9kg/時の有機相とを、各々内径6mm、外径8mmのテフロン(登録商標)製配管に供給し、これに接続する内径6mm、長さ34mのテフロン(登録商標)製パイプリアクターにおいて、ここに別途導入される0℃に冷却した液化ホスゲン7.2kg/時と接触させた。
オリゴマー化に際し、触媒としてトリエチルアミン5g/時(BPC1モルに対して0.9×10-3モル)、分子量調節剤としてp-t-ブチルフェノール0.12kg/時をオリゴマー化槽に導入した。
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.978
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 1.00
lnη10/[η] 9.4
lnη1000/[η] 7.2
鉛筆硬度 2H
η10/η1000 8.8
重量平均分子量(Mw) 119,700
(Mw/Mn) 3.54。
(溶融法によるポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-1)の調製)
2,2-ビス(3-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン(以下、「BPC」と記す。)6.59モル(1.69kg)と、ジフェニルカーボネート6.73モル(1.44kg)を、撹拌機および溜出凝縮装置付きのSUS製反応器(内容積10リットル)内に入れ、反応器内を窒素ガスで置換後、窒素ガス雰囲気下で220℃まで30分間かけて昇温した。
次いで、反応器内の反応液を撹拌し、溶融状態下の反応液にエステル交換反応触媒として炭酸セシウム(Cs2CO3)を、BPC1モルに対し1.5×10-6モルとなるように加え(Cs2CO3として3.20mg)、窒素ガス雰囲気下、220℃で30分、反応液を撹拌醸成した。次に、同温度下で反応器内の圧力を40分かけて100Torrに減圧し、さらに、100分間反応させ、フェノールを溜出させた。
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.708
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 0.83
lnη10/[η] 11.6
lnη1000/[η] 8.6
η10/η1000 7.9
鉛筆硬度 2H
重量平均分子量(Mw) 99,500
(Mw/Mn) 3.94
(界面法によるポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-2)の調製)
BPC13.80kg/時、水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)5.8kg/時及び水93.5kg/時を、ハイドロサルファイト0.017kg/時の存在下に、35℃で溶解した後、25℃に冷却した水相と5℃に冷却した塩化メチレン61.9kg/時の有機相とを、各々内径6mm、外径8mmのテフロン(登録商標)製配管に供給し、これに接続する内径6mm、長さ34mのテフロン(登録商標)製パイプリアクターにおいて、ここに別途導入される0℃に冷却した液化ホスゲン7.2kg/時と接触させた。
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.661
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 1.00
lnη10/[η] 11.3
lnη1000/[η] 9.1
η10/η1000 3.8
鉛筆硬度 2H
重量平均分子量(Mw) 89,800
(Mw/Mn) 3.55
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.559
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 0.88
lnη10/[η] 14.5
lnη1000/[η] 11.4
η10/η1000 5.7
鉛筆硬度 2B
(Mw/Mn) 2.70
(PC-2-4):三菱エンジニアリングプラスチックス社製ユーピロンE-2000。
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.586
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 1.00
lnη10/[η] 15.1
lnη1000/[η] 11.2
η10/η1000 9.8
鉛筆硬度 2B
(Mw/Mn) 3.10
(PC-2-5):
(ポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-5)の調製)
前述したポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-1)の調製において、BPCに変えてBPA0.83kgと1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3-メチルフェニル)シクロヘキサン(以下、「Bis-OCZ」と称する)0.83kgを使用し、Cs2CO3を全ビスフェノール1モルに対して5.0×10-6モルに変更した以外は同様な操作を行いポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-5)を得た。得られたポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-5)を1H-NMRで測定した結果、BPAに由来する構造単位量が50.2質量%、Bis-OCZに由来する構造単位量が49.8質量%であった。尚、得られたポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-5)の物性を以下に示す。
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.468
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 0.88
lnη10/[η] 15.6
lnη1000/[η] 13.0
η10/η1000 3.4
鉛筆硬度 2H
重量平均分子量(Mw) 50,300
(Mw/Mn) 2.75
(PC-2-6):
(ポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-6)の調製)
前述したポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-1)の調製において、BPC100%の使用に変え、BPA0.34kgと2,2-ビス(3、5-ジメチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン(Tm-BPAと略す)1.34kgを併用し、Cs2CO3をBPAとTm-BPAの合計量の1モルに対し、5.0×10-6モルに変更し、THPEをBPAとTm-BPAの合計量の1モルに対し3.5×10-3モル添加した以外は同様の条件でポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-6)を製造した。ポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-6)の1H-NMR測定の結果により、樹脂中のBPAカーボネート部が20.4質量%、Tm-BPAカーボネート部が79.6質量%であった。
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.512
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 0.90
lnη10/[η] 13.3
η10/η1000 5.1
lnη1000/[η] 10.1
鉛筆硬度 H
重量平均分子量(Mw) 61,300
(Mw/Mn) 3.21
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.475
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 1.0
lnη10/[η] 14.3
lnη1000/[η] 12.4
η10/η1000 2.5
鉛筆硬度 2B
重量平均分子量(Mw) 45,000
(Mw/Mn) 2.90
(ポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-8)の調製)
BPC(本州化学工業社製)を360重量部、25重量%水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)水溶液585.1重量部及び水1721.5重量部をハイドロサルファイト0.41重量部の存在下に、40℃で溶解した後、20℃に冷却し、BPC水溶液を得た。このBPC水溶液8.87kg/時間と塩化メチレン4.50kg/時間とを、還流冷却器、攪拌機、及び冷媒ジャケットを有する1.8Lのガラス製第一反応器に導入し、ここに別途供給される常温のホスゲン0.672kg/時間とを接触させた。このときの反応温度は35℃に達した。次にこの反応液・反応ガスの混合物を反応器に取り付けてあるオーバーフロー管にて次の第一反応器と同じ形状を有する第二反応器(1.8L)に導入し、反応させた。第二反応器には、別途、分子量調整剤としてp-t-ブチルフェノール(8重量%塩化メチレン溶液)0.097kg/時間を導入した。次いで、第二反応器に取り付けてあるオーバーフロー管より反応液・反応ガスの混合物を第一反応器と同じ形状を有するオリゴマー化槽(4.5L)に導入した。オリゴマー化槽には別途触媒として2重量%トリメチルアミン水溶液0.020kg/時間を導入した。次いで、このようにして得られたオリゴマー化された乳濁液をさらに内容積5.4Lの分液槽(セトラー)に導き、水相と油槽を分離し、オリゴマーの塩化メチレン溶液を得た。
上記オリゴマーの塩化メチレン溶液のうち、2.258kgを内容積6.8Lのパドル翼付き反応槽に仕込み、これに希釈用塩化メチレン2.780kgを追加し、さらに25重量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液0.280kg、水0.925kg、2重量%トリエチルアミン水溶液8.37g、p-t-ブチルフェノール(8重量%塩化メチレン溶液)1.94g、及び分岐剤として1,1,1-トリス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)エタン(以下、THPE)2.3gを加え、10℃で攪拌し、300分間重縮合反応を行った。
上記重縮合反応液のうち、3.12kgを内容積5.4Lのパドル翼付き反応槽に仕込み、これに塩化メチレン2.54kg及び水0.575kgを加え、15分間攪拌した後、攪拌を停止し、水相と有機相を分離した。分離した有機相に、0.1N塩酸1.16kgを加え15分間攪拌し、トリエチルアミン及び少量残存するアルカリ成分を抽出した後、攪拌を停止し、水相と有機相を分離した。更に、分離した有機相に、純水1.16kgを加え、15分間攪拌した後、攪拌を停止し、水相と有機相を分離した。この操作を3回繰り返した。得られた精製された有機相を60~75℃温水中にフィードすることでポリカーボネート樹脂を粉化した。その後、乾燥し、粉末状ポリカーボネート樹脂を得た。得られたポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-8)の物性を以下に示す。
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.726
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 0.87
lnη10/[η] 11.3
lnη1000/[η] 8.7
η10/η1000 6.6
鉛筆硬度 H
重量平均分子量(Mw) 96,700
(ポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-3-1)の調製)
BPC(本州化学社製)37.6kg(約147mol)とジフェニルカーボネート(DPC)32.2kg(約150mol)に、炭酸セシウムの水溶液を、炭酸セシウムがBPC1mol当たり2μmolとなるように添加して混合物を調製した。次に該混合物を、攪拌機、熱媒ジャケット、真空ポンプ、及び還流冷却器を具備した内容量200Lの第1反応器に投入した。
次に、第1反応器内を1.33kPa(10Torr)に減圧し、続いて、窒素で大気圧に復圧する操作を5回繰り返し、第1反応器の内部を窒素置換した。窒素置換後、熱媒ジャケットに温度230℃の熱媒を通じて第1反応器の内温を徐々に昇温させ、混合物を溶解させた。その後、300rpmで撹拌機を回転させ、熱媒ジャケット内の温度をコントロールして、第1反応器の内温を220℃に保った。その後、第1反応器の内部で行われるBPCとDPCのオリゴマー化反応により副生するフェノールを留去しながら、40分間かけて第1反応器内の圧力を絶対圧で101.3kPa(760Torr)から13.3kPa(100Torr)まで減圧した。
続いて、第1反応器内の圧力を13.3kPaに保持し、フェノールをさらに留去させながら、80分間、エステル交換反応を行った。系内を窒素で絶対圧で101.3kPaに復圧の上、ゲージ圧で0.2MPaまで昇圧し、予め200℃以上に加熱した移送配管を経由して、第1反応器内のオリゴマーを第2反応器に圧送した。尚、第2反応器は内容量200Lであり、攪拌機、熱媒ジャケット、真空ポンプ並びに還流冷却管を具備しており、内圧は大気圧、内温は240℃に制御していた。
次に、第2反応器内に圧送したオリゴマーを38rpmで攪拌し、熱媒ジャケットにて内温を昇温し、第2反応器内を40分かけて絶対圧で101.3kPaから13.3kPaまで減圧した。その後、昇温を継続し、さらに40分かけて、内圧を絶対圧で13.3kPaから399Pa(3Torr)まで減圧し、留出するフェノールを系外に除去した。さらに、昇温を続け、第2反応器内の絶対圧が70Pa(約0.5Torr)に到達後、70Paを保持し、重縮合反応を行った。第2反応器内の最終的な内部温度は285℃であった。第2反応器の攪拌機が予め定めた所定の攪拌動力となったときに、重縮合反応を終了した。次いで、第2反応器内を、窒素により絶対圧で101.3kPaに復圧の上、ゲージ圧で0.2MPaまで昇圧し、第2反応器の槽底からポリカーボネート樹脂をストランド状で抜き出し、水槽で冷却しながら、回転式カッターを使用してペレット化した。得られたポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-3-1)の物性を以下に示す。
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.700
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 0.82
lnη10/[η] 11.2
lnη1000/[η] 8.7
η10/η1000 5.8
鉛筆硬度 2H
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.559
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 0.88
lnη10/[η] 14.5
lnη1000/[η] 11.4
η10/η1000 5.7
鉛筆硬度 2B
(Mw/Mn) 2.70
(ポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-4-1)の調製)
BPC(本州化学社製)37.6kg(約147mol)とジフェニルカーボネート(DPC)32.2kg(約150mol)に、炭酸セシウムの水溶液を、炭酸セシウムがBPC1mol当たり2μmolとなるように添加して混合物を調製した。次に該混合物を、攪拌機、熱媒ジャケット、真空ポンプ、及び還流冷却器を具備した内容量200Lの第1反応器に投入した。
次に、第1反応器内を1.33kPa(10Torr)に減圧し、続いて、窒素で大気圧に復圧する操作を5回繰り返し、第1反応器の内部を窒素置換した。窒素置換後、熱媒ジャケットに温度230℃の熱媒を通じて第1反応器の内温を徐々に昇温させ、混合物を溶解させた。その後、300rpmで撹拌機を回転させ、熱媒ジャケット内の温度をコントロールして、第1反応器の内温を220℃に保った。その後、第1反応器の内部で行われるBPCとDPCのオリゴマー化反応により副生するフェノールを留去しながら、40分間かけて第1反応器内の圧力を絶対圧で101.3kPa(760Torr)から13.3kPa(100Torr)まで減圧した。
続いて、第1反応器内の圧力を13.3kPaに保持し、フェノールをさらに留去させながら、80分間、エステル交換反応を行った。系内を窒素で絶対圧で101.3kPaに復圧の上、ゲージ圧で0.2MPaまで昇圧し、予め200℃以上に加熱した移送配管を経由して、第1反応器内のオリゴマーを第2反応器に圧送した。尚、第2反応器は内容量200Lであり、攪拌機、熱媒ジャケット、真空ポンプ並びに還流冷却管を具備しており、内圧は大気圧、内温は240℃に制御していた。
次に、第2反応器内に圧送したオリゴマーを38rpmで攪拌し、熱媒ジャケットにて内温を昇温し、第2反応器内を40分かけて絶対圧で101.3kPaから13.3kPaまで減圧した。その後、昇温を継続し、さらに40分かけて、内圧を絶対圧で13.3kPaから399Pa(3Torr)まで減圧し、留出するフェノールを系外に除去した。さらに、昇温を続け、第2反応器内の絶対圧が70Pa(約0.5Torr)に到達後、70Paを保持し、重縮合反応を行った。第2反応器内の最終的な内部温度は285℃であった。第2反応器の攪拌機が予め定めた所定の攪拌動力となったときに、重縮合反応を終了した。このとき、撹拌機の攪拌回転数は6回転/分であり、反応終了直前の反応液温度は282℃、攪拌動力は1.27kWであった。次いで、第2反応器内を、窒素により絶対圧で101.3kPaに復圧の上、ゲージ圧で0.2MPaまで昇圧し、第2反応器の槽底からポリカーボネート樹脂をストランド状で抜き出し、水槽で冷却しながら、回転式カッターを使用してペレット化した。得られたポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-4-1)の物性を以下に示す。
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.700
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 0.82
lnη10/[η] 11.2
lnη1000/[η] 8.7
η10/η1000 5.8
鉛筆硬度 2H
(ポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-4-2)の調製)
第2反応器の攪拌機の回転数及び所定の攪拌動力値を変えた以外は、PC-4-1と同様にしてポリカーボネート樹脂を得た。このとき、撹拌機の攪拌回転数は16回転/分であり、反応終了直前の反応液温度は280℃、攪拌動力は1.65kWであった。得られたポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-4-2)の物性を以下に示す。
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.540
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 0.89
lnη10/[η] 12.8
lnη1000/[η] 10.1
η10/η1000 4.3
鉛筆硬度 2H
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.640
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 1.00
鉛筆硬度 2B
極限粘度[η](dl/g) 0.470
分岐パラメータG([η]/[η]lin) 1.00
鉛筆硬度 2B
スルホン酸金属塩系難燃剤C4:パーフルオロブタンスルホン酸カリウム塩(Bayer社製バイオウェットC4)
燐含有化合物系難燃剤PX200:芳香族縮合リン酸エステル系難燃剤(大八化学社製PX200)
燐含有化合物系難燃剤FP110:フォスファゼン誘導体系難燃剤(伏見製薬社製FP110)
スルホン酸金属塩系難燃剤F114P:パーフルオロブタンスルホン酸カリウム塩(Bayer社製F114P)
ハロゲン含有化合物系難燃剤FR53:臭素化ポリカーボネート樹脂系難燃剤(三菱エンジニアリングプラスチックス社製ユーピロンFR FR53)
離型剤H476:ペンタエリスリトールテトラステアレート(日油社製ユニスターH-476)
ポリカーボネート樹脂の溶融粘度は、ダイス径1mmφ×30mmLのキャピラリーレオメータ「キャピログラフ 1C」(株式会社東洋精機製作所製)を使用し、ポリカーボネート樹脂の滞留時間は5分、測定温度300℃、剪断速度γ=9.12sec-1~1824sec-1の範囲で測定した。ポリカーボネート樹脂は、予め80℃で5時間乾燥したものを使用した。ポリカーボネート樹脂のη10及びη1000は、剪断速度10sec-1における溶融粘度と剪断速度1000sec-1における溶融粘度をそれぞれ読み取り、測定値とした。
A.燃焼性試験
ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物を用いて、射出成型機(住友重機械工業社製SE100DU)により、シリンダ温度260℃~280℃、成形サイクル30秒の条件で、UL規格に従い、厚みを変化させた試験片を射出成形し、UL規格94の垂直燃焼試験を行った。ULクラスは、「V-0」はV-0合格を、「V-2」はV-2合格を、「V-2NG」はV-2不合格を意味する。
ここで、V-0、V-1、及びV-2ともに5本の試験片を用いて判定する。具体的には、垂直に支持した短冊状の試験片の下端にバーナー炎をあてて10秒間保ち、その後バーナー炎を試験片から離し、炎が消えれば直ちにバーナー炎を更に10秒間あてた後バーナー炎を離す。
1回目、2回目ともに、V-0は10秒以内、V-1とV-2は30秒以内に有炎燃焼を終えるか否かで判定する。更に、2回目の有炎燃焼持続時間と無炎燃焼持続時間との合計が、V-0は30秒以内、V-1とV-2は60秒以内で消えるか否かで判定する。
更に、5本の試験片の有炎燃焼持続時間の合計が、V-0は50秒以内、V-1とV-2は250秒以内か否かで判定する。また、燃焼滴下物はV-2のみに許容されている。なお、すべての試験片は燃え尽きないことが必要である。
射出成型機(日本製鋼所社製J100SS-2)を用い、バレル温度280℃、金型温度90℃の条件下にて、厚み3mm、縦100mm、横100mmのポリカーボネート樹脂組成物のプレートを射出成形した。この射出成形により得られたプレートについて、ISO 15184に準拠し、鉛筆硬度試験機(東洋精機社製)を用い、750g荷重にて鉛筆硬度を測定した。
ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物の流れ値Qは、高化式フローテスタ(島津製作所社製CFT-500A)を使用し、280℃、160Kg/cm2の条件下で、1mmφ×10mmのオリフィスを用い、予備加熱7分で測定した(単位:cm3/sec)。
ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物を用いて、厚さ3mmの試験片を成形し、ヘーズメータにより、成形温度が280℃、300℃、又は320℃にて成形した試験片についてのヘーズをそれぞれ測定した。
溶融粘度の比(η10/η1000)が表1-1に示す値を有する6種類のポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-1-1~PC-1-6)と、難燃剤及び離型剤を用い、これらを表1-1に示す組成で配合混合し、二軸押出機(日本製鋼所社製TEX30XCT)により、バレル温度280℃で混練し、ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物を調製した。得られたペレットは、80℃、5時間乾燥した後、上記の手順に従い、各種試験片を作製し、燃焼性、鉛筆硬度、及びQ値を測定した。結果を表1-1に示す。
さらに、比較例として、溶融粘度の比(η10/η1000)が表1-2に示す値を有する5種類のポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-1-6~PC-1-9)と、難燃剤及び離型剤を用い、これらを表1-2に示す組成で配合混合し、実施例1-1と同様な操作によりポリカーボネート樹脂組成物を調製した。得られたペレットは、120℃で、5時間乾燥した後、上記の手順に従い、各種試験片を作製し、燃焼性、鉛筆硬度、及びQ値を測定した。結果を表1-2に示す。
上述した溶融法により調製したポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-1)、界面法により調製したポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-8)、その他のポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-2、PC-2-3,及びPC-2-4)、難燃剤及び離型剤を用い、これらを表2-1に示す組成で配合混合し、二軸押出機(日本製鋼所社製TEX30HSST)により、バレル温度280℃で混練し、ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物を調製した。得られたペレットは、120℃で、5時間乾燥した後、上記の手順に従い、各種試験片を作製し、燃焼性、鉛筆硬度、及び透明性を測定した。結果を表2-1に示す。
上述したポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-6)、その他のポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-2-3、及びPC-2-7)、難燃剤及び離型剤を用い、これらを表2-2に示す組成で配合混合し、二軸押出機(日本製鋼所社製 TEX30HSST)により、バレル温度280℃で混練し、ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物を調製した。得られたペレットは、120℃で、5時間乾燥した後、上記の手順に従い、各種試験片を作成し、燃焼性、鉛筆硬度、荷重たわみ温度(DTUL)及び透明性を測定した。結果を表2-2に示す。
表2-2に示すポリカーボネート樹脂組成物のペレットを、100℃の乾燥機を用いて3時間乾燥後、射出成型機(東芝機械社製IS-80EPN)により、射出速度200mm/秒、保圧70MPa、(射出+保圧)時間20秒、冷却時間20秒、金型温度120℃、及び溶融樹脂温度330℃に設定して、ISO3167に準拠した多目的試験片A型の成形片を成形した。得られた成形片から切り出した80mm×10mm×4mmの試験片を用い、ISO75に準拠し、フラットワイズ法により、荷重1.80MPaにおける荷重たわみ温度を測定した(DTUL:単位℃)。数値が大きいほど耐熱性が良好である。結果を表2-2に示す。
上述した溶融法により調製したポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-3-1)、その他のポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-3-2)、及び難燃剤を用い、これらを表3-1に示す組成で配合混合し、二軸押出機(日本製鋼所社製TEX30HSST)により、バレル温度280℃で混練し、ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物を調製した。得られたペレットは、120℃で、5時間乾燥した後、上記の手順に従い、各種試験片を作製し、燃焼性、鉛筆硬度、及びHazeを測定した。結果を表3-1に示す。
上述した溶融法により調製したポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-4-1、及びPC-4-2)、その他のポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-4-3、及びPC-4-4)、及び難燃剤を用い、これらを表4-1に示す組成で配合混合し、二軸押出機(日本製鋼所社製TEX30HSST)により、バレル温度280℃で混練し、ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物を調製した。得られたペレットは、120℃で、5時間乾燥した後、上記の手順に従い、各種試験片を作製し、燃焼性、鉛筆硬度、及び透明性を測定した。結果を表4-1に示す。
なお、2010年3月31日に出願された日本特許出願2010-083181号、2010年5月14日に出願された日本特許出願2010-112648号及び2011年3月30日に出願された日本特許出願2011-076450号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (13)
- 300℃、剪断速度10sec-1で測定した溶融粘度η10と、300℃、剪断速度1000sec-1で測定した溶融粘度η1000との比(η10/η1000)が3以上8以下であり、分岐パラメータG=[η]/[η]linが、0.80以上0.94以下であり、且つ鉛筆硬度がHB以上であることを特徴とするポリカーボネート樹脂。
但し、[η]は前記ポリカーボネート樹脂の塩化メチレン溶媒中、20℃における極限粘度(dl/g)であり、[η]linは汎用較正曲線を用いたGPC法で測定される重量平均分子量が前記ポリカーボネート樹脂と同一の直鎖状ポリカーボネートの、塩化メチレン溶媒中、20℃における極限粘度である。 - 前記式(1)におけるR1及びR2が、フェノキシ基における2位の炭素に結合したメチル基であり、R3及びR4が、フェノキシ基における6位の炭素に結合した水素原子であり、Xが、イソプロピリデン基であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のポリカーボネート樹脂。
- 請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載のポリカーボネート樹脂の含有量が、ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物中の1~45重量%であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載のポリカーボネート樹脂、又は、請求項6もしくは7に記載のポリカーボネート樹脂組成物と、難燃剤とを含むことを特徴とする難燃剤含有ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。
- 前記難燃剤がスルホン酸金属塩系難燃剤、ハロゲン含有化合物系難燃剤及び燐含有化合物系難燃剤からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の難燃剤含有ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。
- 前記ポリカーボネート樹脂又は前記ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物100重量部に対しスルホン酸金属塩系難燃剤が0.04~0.3重量部添加されてなることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の難燃剤含有ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。
- 前記ポリカーボネート樹脂又は前記ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物100重量部に対しハロゲン含有化合物系難燃剤が5~30重量部添加されてなることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の難燃剤含有ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。
- 前記ポリカーボネート樹脂又は前記ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物100重量部に対し燐含有化合物系難燃剤が3~15重量部添加されてなることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の難燃剤含有ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。
- 請求項8乃至12のいずれか1項に記載の難燃剤含有ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物を成形してなる成形体であって、厚さ2mm以下の試験片によるUL94の難燃性試験においてV-0規格を満たし、JIS-K7136の規定に基づく厚さ2mmの試験片によるヘーズ値が1.0以下であり、且つ表面硬度がHB以上であることを特徴とするポリカーボネート樹脂成形体。
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US8841367B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2014-09-23 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Flame retardant polycarbonate compositions, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same |
US8895649B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2014-11-25 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Flame retardant polycarbonate compositions, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same |
US8927661B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2015-01-06 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Flame retardant polycarbonate compositions, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same |
US9018286B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2015-04-28 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Flame retardant polycarbonate compositions, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same |
US9023923B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2015-05-05 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Flame retardant polycarbonate compositions, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same |
US9023922B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2015-05-05 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Flame retardant compositions, articles comprising the same and methods of manufacture thereof |
US9394483B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2016-07-19 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Flame retardant polycarbonate compositions, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same |
EP2743300A1 (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-18 | Cheil Industries Inc. | Polycarbonate resin composition and molded article produced therefrom |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2557105B1 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
KR101538206B1 (ko) | 2015-07-20 |
KR20130006637A (ko) | 2013-01-17 |
EP2557105A4 (en) | 2013-09-18 |
US8569406B2 (en) | 2013-10-29 |
TW201202298A (en) | 2012-01-16 |
US20130030094A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
CN102822233A (zh) | 2012-12-12 |
TWI531594B (zh) | 2016-05-01 |
EP2557105A1 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
CN102822233B (zh) | 2014-09-03 |
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