WO2011125791A1 - ポリビニルアセタールフィルムおよびその用途 - Google Patents
ポリビニルアセタールフィルムおよびその用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011125791A1 WO2011125791A1 PCT/JP2011/058117 JP2011058117W WO2011125791A1 WO 2011125791 A1 WO2011125791 A1 WO 2011125791A1 JP 2011058117 W JP2011058117 W JP 2011058117W WO 2011125791 A1 WO2011125791 A1 WO 2011125791A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polyvinyl acetal
- resin
- less
- plasticized polyvinyl
- acetal film
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 title 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000011354 acetal resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- -1 acetal resin Acetal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 133
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 66
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 63
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 17
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical group CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical group OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FBXNUYNATQIVEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCCC FBXNUYNATQIVEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SCABKEBYDRTODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl] hexanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCCC SCABKEBYDRTODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N caproic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- HHECSPXBQJHZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexyl hexanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCCCC HHECSPXBQJHZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 4
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid di-n-butyl ester Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- GYHPTPQZVBYHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-(2-ethylhexanoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(CC)CCCC GYHPTPQZVBYHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FRQDZJMEHSJOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(CC)CCCC FRQDZJMEHSJOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006359 acetalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- IHTSDBYPAZEUOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-butoxyethyl) hexanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCOCCCC IHTSDBYPAZEUOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TUOSWEIWIXJUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(7-methyloctyl) cyclohexane-1,1-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCOC(=O)C1(C(=O)OCCCCCCC(C)C)CCCCC1 TUOSWEIWIXJUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 3
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940067597 azelate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003988 headspace gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanal Chemical compound CCCCCC=O JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- YEYCMBWKTZNPDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) benzoate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YEYCMBWKTZNPDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEODVXCWZVOEIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) octyl hydrogen phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(O)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C FEODVXCWZVOEIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYLMCYQHBRSDND-VURMDHGXSA-N (Z)-2-ethyl-2-hexenal Chemical compound CCC\C=C(\CC)C=O PYLMCYQHBRSDND-VURMDHGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical group C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAYAKLSFVAPMEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxydodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC=C LAYAKLSFVAPMEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJJDJWUCRAPCOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxyoctadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC=C QJJDJWUCRAPCOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVGRCEFMXPHEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC=C OVGRCEFMXPHEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJQMSHDKNMKUKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-bis(octylsulfanyl)-1,3,5-triazine Chemical group CCCCCCCCSC1=NC=NC(SCCCCCCCC)=N1 XJQMSHDKNMKUKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXDRHQMFHIESDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-ditert-butyl-6-(5-chlorobenzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylcyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1(C)CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(N2N=C3C=C(Cl)C=CC3=N2)=C1 CXDRHQMFHIESDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSOMHEOIWBKOPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-[(6-oxobenzo[c][2,1]benzoxaphosphinin-6-yl)methyl]phenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CP2(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3O2)=C1 WSOMHEOIWBKOPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRRSZPBVIHXNBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2H-benzotriazol-4-yl)-4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)c1ccc(O)c(c1)-c1cccc2[nH]nnc12 JRRSZPBVIHXNBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMWRRFHBXARRRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(2-methylbutan-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC)=CC(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1O ZMWRRFHBXARRRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XUHUMYVYHLHMCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-cyclohexylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C1=CC=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C1CCCCC1)OC1=CC=CC=C1C1CCCCC1 XUHUMYVYHLHMCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-nonylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)CCCCCCCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polyvinyl acetal film used for a laminate with glass, including a solar cell module and a material susceptible to corrosion by an acid component, such as a laminated glass having an electrochromic function or an electroluminescence function, and a method for producing the same. And a solar cell module and a laminated glass using the film.
- a solar cell module usually has a photoelectric semiconductor layer (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a solar cell unit) having a transparent cover for protection against external influences.
- the solar cell unit is often installed between a glass plate and a hard cover plate such as glass or a back sheet, and is fixed by a sealing material having adhesiveness to glass or the like.
- ethylene-vinyl acetate is used.
- a crosslinkable sealing material based on a copolymer (hereinafter sometimes referred to as EVA) or a curable casting resin is used. These sealing materials can be adjusted to a low viscosity so as to surround the solar cell unit in an uncured state. Thus, after covering a photovoltaic cell unit, it becomes a sealing material which shows mechanical strength more than a certain level by carrying out a crosslinking reaction with a hardening agent or a crosslinking agent.
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- the film containing PVB resin has excellent adhesion to glass and penetration resistance, and can be used as an intermediate film for automobile windshields and safety laminated glass for buildings.
- Patent Document 4 JP 2004-250254 A (Patent Document 4) describes an acrylic polymer having a number average molecular weight of 1000 or more and a weight average molecular weight of 2000 or more.
- Patent Document 4 discloses that laminated glass generally used for automobiles, aircraft, building windows, and the like is a vacuum bag method or a vacuum ring method performed at a relatively low vacuum, or a nip roll method performed under normal pressure. It is described that a low molecular weight volatile substance becomes a problem because it is produced by a hot press method.
- Patent Document 5 describes a plasticized polyvinyl acetal film containing 10 to 40% by mass of cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid ester (eg, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester) having a Tg of 74 ° C. or less. Is disclosed. This plasticizer is excellent in compatibility with the polyvinyl acetal film, and the resulting film can maintain flexibility even under cold conditions.
- cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid ester eg, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester
- Patent Document 6 A method using a vacuum laminator performed under high vacuum conditions is described in JP-A-10-214987 (Patent Document 6) and JP-A-61-069179 (Patent Document 7).
- Patent Document 8 For a polyvinyl acetal resin having a small amount of volatile components, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-072445 (Patent Document 8), the total amount of volatile substances after being left in an atmosphere of 100 ° C. for 1 hour is 30 ppm or less. An interlayer film for laminated glass is described. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-047974 (Patent Document 9) describes a polyvinyl acetal resin for heat-developable photosensitive material having a 2-ethyl-2-hexenal content of 60 ppm or less.
- JP 58-023870 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-177412 JP 2006-013505 A JP 2004-250254 A International Publication No. 2009/13528 JP-A-10-214987 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-069179 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-072445 JP 2006-047974 A
- the biggest challenge for solar cell modules in recent years is to achieve power generation costs that are comparable to or less than the power generation costs of thermal power and nuclear power.
- Important factors for cost reduction include reduction of production loss of solar cell modules, improvement of productivity, and long-term stability.
- reduction of production loss it is important to reduce the failure and dirt of the laminating equipment, and in order to improve the productivity, a method of increasing the laminating temperature can be mentioned.
- long-term stability of the solar cell module that is, a long life, it is important to suppress metal corrosion of electrodes and the like. The most important factor affecting corrosion is the acid component.
- the polyvinyl acetal film unlike the EVA film, there are only a small amount of carboxylic acid esters that cause carboxylic acid by hydrolysis or thermal decomposition, but aldehydes derived from the raw material remain in the film. These components are converted to carboxylic acids by oxidation. Further, it has been found that the carboxylic acid component is also generated due to hydrolysis or thermal decomposition of the plasticizer contained in the polyvinyl acetal film, which causes corrosion.
- the present inventors have studied by paying attention to the acid value of the polyvinyl acetal film used as a sealing material, for the problems of reduction in production loss of solar cell modules, improvement in productivity and long-term stability. It was.
- Patent Documents 1 to 9 do not describe any polyvinyl acetal film having a low acid value. Further, there is no description or suggestion that it is preferable to use such a specific polyvinyl acetal film as a sealing material for solar cells that is particularly susceptible to corrosion by acid.
- a carboxylic acid component derived from the aldehyde used a carboxylic acid component such as acetic acid generated by hydrolysis or thermal decomposition of the polymer, and oxidative cleavage of the polymer.
- carboxylic acid component such as acetic acid generated by hydrolysis or thermal decomposition of the polymer
- oxidative cleavage of the polymer There are terminal carboxylic acid components generated, carboxylic acid components generated by hydrolysis or thermal decomposition of plasticizers, and the like.
- a carboxylic acid component uses a laminated glass which has a solar cell and another functional unit for a long period of time, it will cause the power generation efficiency and electroluminescence function of a solar cell to fall.
- Patent Document 8 since the laminating process in manufacturing the solar cell module is heated to about 120 to 160 ° C. under vacuum conditions, the polyvinyl acetal resin having a small amount of volatile substances at 100 ° C. as described in Patent Document 8 is used. Even if is used, the amount of volatile substances at higher temperatures cannot be suppressed. Further, the purpose of Patent Document 8 is to reduce odor, and there is no description regarding the generation of bubbles, the load on the laminating apparatus, the corrosion of solar cells and functional laminated glass, and the like, which are the objects of the present invention. And in patent document 9, there is no description about a polyvinyl acetal resin film, a laminated glass using the same, and a solar cell.
- the problem of the present invention is that the amount of corrosion-causing substances in the film is small, bubbles do not easily remain at the time of lamination, the corrosion of the laminating apparatus is reduced, the load of the vacuum pump for laminating is reduced, the vacuum laminator and the resulting module are It is to provide a polyvinyl acetal film having a low acid value that can give high productivity without being contaminated by volatile components. At the same time, it is to provide a solar cell module and a laminated glass using the same.
- a plasticized polyvinyl acetal film containing 15 to 60 parts by mass of a plasticizer and having an acid value of 10.0 meq / kg or less after heating at 140 ° C. for 4 hours with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetal resin,
- the present invention solves the above problems.
- the total number of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms constituting the plasticizer molecule is preferably 28 or more, and the acid value of the film is preferably 5.0 meq / kg or less.
- the plasticizer has a total number of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms constituting the molecule larger than 29.
- the plasticizer has the following chemical formula (1): (In the formula, R 1 is a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group which may contain an oxygen atom. R 2 and R 3 are linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon groups which may contain an oxygen atom. And may be the same or different. X and Y are COO or OCO bonds, which may be the same or different.
- the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film preferably has a total content of chloride ions, sulfate ions and nitrate ions of 50 ppm or less.
- the acid value of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 3.0 meq / kg or less, and the acid value of the plasticizer is preferably 10.0 meq / kg or less.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin has an acid value of 10.0 meq / kg or less after heating at 140 ° C. for 4 hours.
- the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film is produced by mixing 15 to 60 parts by mass of a plasticizer having a total number of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms constituting a molecule of 28 or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of a polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the manufacturing method to manufacture also solves the said subject.
- the plasticizer preferably has a total number of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms constituting the molecule larger than 29.
- the average primary particle size of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin preferably has an alkali titer value of 0.1 to 30 and an acid value of 3.0 meq / kg or less.
- the content of chloride ions, sulfate ions and nitrate ions in the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 100 ppm or less in total.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably obtained by adding a catalyst after first adding an aldehyde to an aqueous solution of a polyvinyl alcohol resin.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin having an acid value of 3.0 meq / kg or less is preferably mixed with a plasticizer having an acid value of 10.0 meq / kg or less and molded.
- the method for producing the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film it is preferable to mix the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer while removing the volatile component under reduced pressure.
- the resin temperature during molding is preferably in the range of 150 to 220 ° C.
- the present invention also includes a solar cell module using the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film. At this time, it is preferable to further contain glass having a transparent electrode layer.
- the present invention also includes a laminated glass using the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film. At this time, it is preferable to provide a functional unit at a position in contact with the film.
- the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention is suitably used for a glass laminate containing a component that is corroded by an acid component, such as a solar cell module, a laminated glass having an electrochromic function and an electroluminescence function.
- a polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention has a low yellowing degree and excellent appearance when used as an interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention can be laminated at a high temperature, has excellent productivity, and can achieve a long lifetime of the resulting solar cell module.
- plasticized polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention contains 15 to 60 parts by mass of a plasticizer having a total of 28 or more carbon atoms and oxygen atoms constituting the molecule with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetal resin.
- Another form of the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention contains 15 to 60 parts by mass of a plasticizer with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetal resin, and the acid value after heating at 140 ° C. for 4 hours is 10. 0 meq / kg or less.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin used in the present invention preferably has a vinyl alcohol unit amount of 12 to 34 mol%, more preferably 15 to 32 mol%, more preferably 18 to 30 mol, as measured in accordance with JIS K6728: 1977. More preferred is mol%.
- the vinyl alcohol unit amount is more than 34 mol%, the hygroscopicity is increased, which may cause metal corrosion due to absorbed water, deterioration of insulation, and peeling of the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film from the base material. is there.
- the amount of vinyl alcohol is less than 12 mol%, problems such as a decrease in mechanical strength and poor adhesion to the substrate may occur.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin used in the present invention preferably has a vinyl acetate unit amount measured according to JIS K6728: 1977 of 4 mol% or less, more preferably 2 mol% or less, and more preferably 1 mol% or less. Further preferred. If the vinyl acetate unit amount exceeds 4 mol%, acetic acid, which is a corrosive substance, may be generated due to decomposition by heat and hydrolysis by moisture. Moreover, there is a possibility that the polyvinyl acetal resin is likely to be colored due to the production of olefin by the elimination of acetic acid.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin used in the present invention preferably has a melt flow rate of 15 to 40 g / 10 min measured at 150 ° C. (2 mm nozzle) under a load of 21.6 kg, and 20 to 35 g / 10 min. Minutes are more preferred.
- the melt flow rate measured at 120 ° C. is preferably 0.5 to 5 g / 10 minutes, more preferably 1 to 4 g / 10 minutes.
- the melt flow rate measured at 100 ° C. is preferably 0.05 to 1 g / 10 minutes, more preferably 0.10 to 0.6 g / 10 minutes.
- the alkali titer value of the polyvinyl acetal resin after alkali washing is preferably 0.1 to 30, more preferably 1 to 20, and further preferably 1 to 10. If the alkali titer value is less than 0.1, the hydrolysis resistance may decrease. Conversely, if the alkali titer value exceeds 30, coloring may easily occur during film production.
- the alkali titer is a value (mL) defined by the amount of 0.01 mol / L hydrochloric acid required for alkali titration in 100 g of polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the acid value of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 3.0 meq / kg or less, more preferably 1.5 meq / kg or less, further preferably 1.0 meq / kg or less, and particularly preferably 0.7 meq / kg or less. .
- the acid value of the polyvinyl acetal resin exceeds 3.0 meq / kg, the amount of the acid component in the obtained plasticized polyvinyl acetal film is increased and colored, or an electrode such as a solar cell using the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film May corrode and reduce the service life.
- the acid value is measured by the method described in JIS K6728: 1977.
- the catalyst is added at low temperature after the aldehydes are first added to the aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol resin that is a raw material of the polyvinyl acetal resin, or stirred.
- a method of generating a porous polyvinyl acetal resin that is easy to clean by increasing efficiency or using a surfactant, a method of using a water-soluble organic solvent together with water after the reaction, an acid such as an epoxy compound and the like examples thereof include a method of adding a compound that easily reacts, and a method of dissolving a resin in a solvent and purifying it using a dialysis membrane.
- a method of producing a porous polyvinyl acetal resin is particularly preferable, and an aldehyde is first added to an aqueous solution of a polyvinyl alcohol resin as a raw material, and then a catalyst is added at a low temperature.
- the method is particularly preferably employed.
- the total amount of chloride ion, sulfate ion and nitrate ion derived from the acetalization catalyst contained in the polyvinyl acetal resin used in the present invention is preferably 100 ppm or less, more preferably 50 ppm or less, More preferably, it is 20 ppm or less. If the content of these strong acid ions exceeds 100 ppm, the metal component used in the solar cell module or the like may be corroded.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin used in the present invention is produced from a polyvinyl alcohol resin and aldehydes by a known method.
- the polyvinyl alcohol resin can be obtained, for example, by polymerizing a vinyl ester monomer and saponifying the obtained polymer.
- a method for polymerizing the vinyl ester monomer a conventionally known method such as a solution polymerization method, a bulk polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method and the like can be applied.
- the polymerization initiator an azo initiator, a peroxide initiator, a redox initiator, or the like is appropriately selected according to the polymerization method.
- saponification reaction a conventionally known alcoholysis or hydrolysis using an alkali catalyst or an acid catalyst can be applied.
- a saponification reaction using methanol as a solvent and a caustic soda (NaOH) catalyst is simple and most preferable.
- a saponification degree of the polyvinyl alcohol resin used for this invention From a viewpoint of reducing the amount of carboxylic acid produced by decomposition
- vinyl ester monomers include vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl versatate, vinyl caproate, vinyl caprylate, vinyl laurate, and palmitic acid.
- the vinyl ester monomer when polymerized, it can be copolymerized with other monomers within a range not impairing the gist of the present invention.
- monomers that can be used include ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene, propylene, n-butene and isobutylene; acrylic acid and its salts; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, acrylic acid Acrylic esters such as i-propyl, n-butyl acrylate, i-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate; methacrylic acid and salts thereof; methacrylic acid Methyl, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, i-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate
- Methacrylic acid esthetics Acrylamide; N-methylacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, diacetoneacrylamide, acrylamidepropanesulfonic acid and its salt, acrylamidopropyldimethylamine and its salt or quaternary salt thereof, N-methylolacrylamide Acrylamide derivatives such as methacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N-ethylmethacrylamide, methacrylamidepropanesulfonic acid and salts thereof, methacrylamidepropyldimethylamine and salts thereof or quaternary salts thereof, N-methylolmethacrylate Methacrylamide derivatives such as amides and derivatives thereof; methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether, i-propyl vinyl Vinyl ethers such as ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, i-butyl vinyl ether, t-butyl vinyl ether,
- the vinyl ester monomer When the vinyl ester monomer is polymerized, it may be carried out in the presence of a thiol compound such as thioacetic acid or mercaptopropionic acid, or other chain transfer agent.
- a thiol compound such as thioacetic acid or mercaptopropionic acid, or other chain transfer agent.
- an aldehyde compound having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is usually used, preferably a saturated alkyl aldehyde compound having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably a saturated alkyl aldehyde compound having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- aldehyde compounds include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, hexylaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and the like.
- Aldehydes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a small amount of polyfunctional aldehydes or aldehydes having other functional groups may be used in a range of 20% by mass or less of the total aldehydes.
- butyraldehyde is preferable from the viewpoint of the mechanical properties of the film when used for solar cells and laminated glass.
- Polyvinyl alcohol resin is used at high temperature beforehand before reaction, for example, 90 degreeC or more It is preferable to sufficiently dissolve at a temperature of
- the concentration of the aqueous solution is preferably 5 to 40% by mass, more preferably 5 to 20% by mass, and still more preferably 8 to 15% by mass. If the concentration is less than 5% by mass, productivity may be deteriorated. On the other hand, if the concentration exceeds 40% by mass, stirring during the reaction becomes difficult, and gelation due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the polyvinyl alcohol resin occurs, which may cause uneven reaction.
- the catalyst for reacting aldehydes with an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol resin solution is not particularly limited, and any of organic acids and inorganic acids can be used.
- organic acids and inorganic acids can be used.
- acetic acid, paratoluenesulfonic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid examples include carbonic acid.
- inorganic acids are preferable, and hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid are particularly preferable because a sufficient reaction rate can be obtained and washing after the reaction is easy.
- the concentration of the acid used in the reaction depends on the type of acid used, but in the case of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid, it is preferably 0.01 to 5 mol / L, more preferably 0.1 to 2 mol / L.
- the acid concentration is less than 0.01 mol / L, the reaction rate is slow, and it may take time to obtain a polyvinyl butyral resin having the desired degree of acetalization and the desired physical properties.
- the acid concentration exceeds 5 mol%, it is difficult to control the reaction, and it is likely that an aldehyde dimer or trimer is likely to be generated.
- reaction procedure examples include known methods. For example, a method of adding the above-mentioned catalyst to an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol resin solution and then adding an aldehyde, a method of adding the above-mentioned catalyst after first adding the aldehyde, etc. Among these, the method of adding the above-mentioned catalyst after adding the aldehyde first is preferable because the acid value of the polyvinyl acetal resin can be further lowered.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to produce a porous polyvinyl acetal resin that can be easily washed after the reaction in consideration of the film production process described later.
- the reaction is preferably performed at a relatively low temperature of 0 to 40 ° C., more preferably 5 to 20 ° C., until the polyvinyl acetal particles are precipitated during the reaction.
- the reaction temperature exceeds 40 ° C., the polyvinyl acetal resin is fused and may not become porous.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 50 to 80 ° C., more preferably 65 to 75 ° C.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin particles are preferably porous in order to efficiently remove remaining acids, aldehydes, and the like.
- the average primary particle diameter of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the average primary particle diameter of the polyvinyl acetal resin is larger than 10 ⁇ m, it is difficult to remove the acid component remaining inside the particles, so that the acid value of the resulting resin is high, and when used as a sealing material for solar cells, etc. Metal corrosion tends to proceed easily.
- the primary particles are not fused more than necessary and have a porous shape.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin obtained by the reaction is neutralized with an alkali compound, but it is preferable to remove aldehydes remaining in the resin as much as possible before the alkali neutralization. For this reason, a method of driving the reaction under conditions where the reaction rate of the aldehyde is high, a method of sufficiently washing with water or a water / alcohol mixed solvent, a method of chemically treating the aldehyde, and the like are useful.
- alkali compound used for alkali neutralization examples include alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and amine compounds such as ammonia, triethylamine, and pyridine.
- alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide
- amine compounds such as ammonia, triethylamine, and pyridine.
- inorganic metal hydroxides are preferable, and alkali metal hydroxides that do not easily affect the adhesion to glass are particularly preferable.
- the total number of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms constituting the molecule is 28 or more, preferably more than 29, more preferably more than 30, and more than 31. Particularly preferred.
- the acid value in the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film may be increased due to a strong tendency to increase the acid value due to thermal decomposition or hydrolysis. There is. Further, when the temperature of the vacuum laminator is increased or the vacuum is increased, the plasticizer is volatilized, so that the lamination time becomes longer, the productivity is deteriorated, and the acid concentration in the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film is also increased.
- the vapor pressure at 200 ° C. of the plasticizer used in the present invention is preferably 1.9 mmHg or less, more preferably 1.0 mmHg or less, and further preferably 0.5 mmHg or less.
- the plasticizer volatilizes in the vacuum laminating process, bubbles are generated in the resulting solar cell module and laminated glass, the laminator device is soiled, and the vacuum pump is damaged. Sometimes.
- the plasticizer used in the present invention preferably has an acid value of 10.0 meq / kg or less, more preferably 5.0 meq / kg or less, further preferably 3.0 meq / kg or less, and 1.0 meq / kg.
- the following are particularly preferred: If the acid value exceeds 10.0 meq / kg, the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film may be colored or decomposed gas may be generated, and the life of the resulting solar cell may be shortened.
- the acid value is measured by the method described in JIS K6728: 1977.
- the acid value of the plasticizer is mainly derived from its structure, but before mixing with the polyvinyl acetal resin, the acid component contained as an impurity may be removed in advance by a treatment method such as distillation, adsorption, reaction, or washing. preferable.
- a treatment method such as distillation, adsorption, reaction, or washing.
- the effect of the treatment is particularly exerted.
- the plasticizer used in the present invention is preferably the following chemical formula (1):
- R 1 is a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group which may contain an oxygen atom.
- R 2 and R 3 are linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon groups which may contain an oxygen atom. And may be the same or different.
- X and Y are COO or OCO bonds, which may be the same or different.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may include, for example, an ether bond.
- the total number of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms constituting R 1 is preferably 4 to 32, and more preferably 6 to 20.
- the total number of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms constituting R 1 is smaller than 4, the volatility tends to be high, and when it is larger than 32, the plasticizing effect tends to be low.
- the total number of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms constituting R 2 and R 3 is preferably 4 to 32, more preferably 8 to 20, and even more preferably 10 to 15.
- the volatility becomes higher or the plasticizing effect tends to be lowered due to the lower degree of freedom of the plasticizer.
- the number of moles of the plasticizer per mass decreases, so that the plasticizing effect tends to be lowered.
- the plasticizer used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- tetraethylene glycol di (2-ethylhexanoate) di (2-butoxyethyl) adipate (DBEA), di (2-butoxyethyl) sebacate (DBES), di (2-butoxyethyl) azelainate
- plasticizers Only one of these plasticizers may be used, or two or more plasticizers may be used in combination.
- the use of a plasticizer having a total number of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms constituting the molecule of 28 or more is particularly preferable because the acid value after heating of the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film described later can be lowered.
- Hexanoate (3GO), tetraethylene glycol di (2-ethylhexanoate), di (2-butoxyethoxyethyl) adipate (DBEA), di (2-butoxyethoxyethyl) sebacate (DBES), etc. .
- a plasticizer having a boiling point higher than that of triethylene glycol di (2-ethylhexanoate) (3GO, boiling point: 344 ° C.) is used.
- a plasticizer include tetraethylene glycol di (2-ethylhexanoate) (boiling point: 499 ° C.), oligoethylene glycol di (2-ethylhexanoate), di (2-butoxyethoxyethyl) Adipate (boiling point: 230-240 ° C./0.27 kPa), di (2-butoxyethoxyethyl) sebacate (DBEES, boiling point: ⁇ 240 ° C./0.27 kPa), cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (boiling point: 270 ° C./2 kPa) Etc. Only one of these plasticizers may be used, or two or more plasticizers may be used in
- the content of the plasticizer needs to be 15 to 60 parts by mass, and more preferably 20 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the content of the plasticizer exceeds 60 parts by mass, poor handleability due to adhesiveness, a decrease in film strength, and the like occur.
- the content of the plasticizer is less than 15 parts by mass, the penetration resistance at low temperatures may be lowered.
- the acid value of the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film needs to be 5.0 meq / kg or less, preferably 3.0 meq / kg or less, more preferably 2.0 meq / kg or less, More preferably, it is 1.5 meq / kg or less.
- an acid value exceeds 5.0 meq / kg, it becomes a cause of corrosion of the metal component in a module manufacturing apparatus and the obtained solar cell or functional laminated glass.
- the acid value of the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film In order to set the acid value of the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film to 5.0 meq / kg or less, a polyvinyl acetal resin and a plasticizer having a low acid value are used, mixed in a sufficiently dried state, and melt-kneaded at the lowest possible temperature. There are methods. In another aspect of the present invention, it is necessary that the acid value of the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film after heating at 140 ° C. for 4 hours is 10.0 meq / kg or less, preferably 8.0 meq / kg or less. 7.0 meq / kg or less is more preferable.
- the acid value is measured by the method described in JIS K6728: 1977.
- the acid value of the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film after heating at 140 ° C. for 4 hours it is preferable to use a polyvinyl acetal resin and a plasticizer having a low acid value.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin is porous and has excellent plasticizer absorbability, and the plasticizer preferably has 28 or more carbon atoms and oxygen atoms constituting the molecule.
- lifted it is also preferable that it is neutralized moderately.
- FIG. 4 shows the increase in acid value when heated at 140 ° C. using the film of Example 7 described later.
- the acid value increases exponentially.
- the heating temperature in order to increase the laminating speed, it is necessary to increase the heating temperature.
- a plasticized polyvinyl acetal film having an acid value higher than 5.0 meq / kg is used, the acid value in the film increases rapidly. It will be.
- the acid component causes corrosion of solar cells, transparent electrodes, metal electrodes, etc. of laminated glass having solar cells and functional units manufactured using the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film, and has a lifetime that maintains these functions. Tends to be shorter.
- the content of chloride ions, sulfate ions and nitrate ions in the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention is preferably 50 ppm or less, and more preferably 25 ppm or less. If the content of these strong acid ions exceeds 50 ppm, the film may be colored or the metal component used in the solar cell module or the like may be corroded.
- the thickness of the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.38 to 2.28 mm. If it is thinner than 0.38 mm, the space around the solar cell or the functional unit may not be sufficiently sealed. On the other hand, when it is thicker than 2.28 mm, the cost of the film itself is increased, and the cycle time of the laminating process may be increased.
- the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention preferably has a melt flow rate of 15 to 40 g / 10 min measured at 150 ° C. (2 mm nozzle) under a load of 21.6 kg, and 20 to 35 g / 10 min. Is more preferable.
- the melt flow rate is less than 15 g / 10 minutes, the fluidity is too low, and there is a possibility that the lamination time becomes long during the production of the laminated glass or the solar cell module, or bubbles remain in the laminated glass.
- the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention has a total amount of aldehyde trimer and lower boiling point organic volatiles contained in the film after being heated at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes by headspace gas chromatography. It is preferably 500 ppm or less, more preferably 300 ppm or less, further preferably 200 ppm or less, particularly preferably 100 ppm or less, and most preferably 50 ppm or less.
- the total amount of aldehyde monomer, dimer and trimer that generates carboxylic acid upon oxidation is preferably 300 ppm or less, more preferably 200 ppm or less, further preferably 150 ppm or less, and 100 ppm or less. Is particularly preferable, and 50 ppm or less is more preferable.
- the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention requires an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, an adhesion adjuster, an antiblocking agent, a pigment, a dye, a functional inorganic compound, etc., as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Depending on the addition.
- antioxidants examples include phenolic antioxidants, phosphorus antioxidants, sulfur antioxidants, etc.
- phenolic antioxidants are preferable, alkyl-substituted phenolic antioxidants. Agents are particularly preferred.
- phenolic antioxidants include 2-t-butyl-6- (3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl) -4-methylphenyl acrylate, 2,4-di-t-amyl Acrylate compounds such as -6- (1- (3,5-di-t-amyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl) phenyl acrylate; 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6 -Di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol, octadecyl-3- (3,5-) di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 2,2'-methylene-bis (4-methyl-6- t-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidene-bis (4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidene-bis (6-t-butyl-m-cresol), 4,4 ' Thiobis (3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol
- phosphorus antioxidants include triphenyl phosphite, diphenylisodecyl phosphite, phenyl diisodecyl phosphite, tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite, tris (dinonylphenyl) phosphite, and tris (2-t-butyl).
- sulfur-based antioxidants examples include dilauryl 3,3′-thiodipropionate, distearyl 3,3′-thiodipropionate, lauryl stearyl 3,3′-thiodipropionate, pentaerythritol-tetrakis- ( ⁇ -lauryl-thiopropionate), 3,9-bis (2-dodecylthioethyl) -2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5,5] undecane and the like.
- antioxidants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the blending amount of the antioxidant is in the range of 0.001 to 5 parts by mass, preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the timing of adding these antioxidants is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to add a part of the total antioxidant amount to the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer in advance.
- a part of the total antioxidant amount is added to the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer in advance.
- an antioxidant in order to obtain the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention, it is more preferable to add an antioxidant also in the production of a polyvinyl acetal resin as a raw material.
- the antioxidant is added also to the plasticizer used as a raw material.
- UV inhibitors used include 2- (5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- [2-hydroxy-3,5-bis ( ⁇ , ⁇ 'dimethylbenzyl) phenyl] -2H-benzo Triazole, 2- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (3,5-di-t-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (3,5-di-t-amyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- Benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers such as (2'-hydroxy-5'-t-octylphenyl) benzotriazole; 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl -4-piperidylbenzoate, bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) se
- the addition amount of these ultraviolet absorbers is preferably 10 to 50,000 ppm, more preferably 100 to 10000 ppm, based on the mass with respect to the polyvinyl acetal resin. These ultraviolet absorbers can be used in combination of two or more.
- adhesion adjusting agent used for example, those disclosed in WO03 / 033583A1 can be used, and alkali metal salts and / or alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids are preferable, and potassium acetate and / or acetic acid are used. Magnesium is more preferred.
- the amount added is preferably 1 to 10,000 ppm, more preferably 5 to 1,000 ppm, and still more preferably 10 to 300 ppm, based on 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the optimum addition amount of the adhesion modifier varies depending on the additive used and also depends on the location where the resulting solar cell module and laminated glass are used, but the adhesion of the resulting film to the glass is determined by the Panmel test.
- Examples of the functional inorganic compound include a light reflecting material, a light absorbing material, a thermal conductivity improving material, an electrical property improving material, a gas barrier property improving material, a mechanical property improving material, and the like.
- the resin temperature during extrusion is preferably 150 to 220 ° C, more preferably 180 to 220 ° C.
- the resin temperature exceeds 220 ° C.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin is decomposed and the content of volatile substances may increase.
- the temperature is lower than 150 ° C., the content of volatile substances may also increase.
- the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention is preferably provided with irregularities on the surface in order to enhance the deaeration property in the laminating process.
- a conventionally known method can be used as a method for providing the unevenness. Examples thereof include a method for providing a melt fracture structure by adjusting extrusion conditions, a method for imparting an embossed structure to the extruded film, and the like.
- the solar cell module of the present invention is manufactured by a known method, and the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention is used as a sealing material.
- the type of the solar cell used in the solar cell module of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a crystal cell and a thin film cell.
- the crystal type cell include single crystal silicon and polycrystalline silicon
- examples of the thin film type cell include a thin film silicon type such as amorphous silicon and a laminate of the same and a polycrystalline thin film, CIS, CIGS, CdTe, GaAs, and the like. Compound semiconductor type using, other organic solar cell type and the like.
- the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention is used as a sealing material between a transparent substrate such as glass and a crystalline cell, and / or between a crystalline cell and a back glass or back sheet. And laminated to obtain the solar cell module of the present invention.
- a so-called super straight type of a thin film type it is inserted as a sealing material between a front surface transparent substrate on which solar cells are mounted and a back glass or a back sheet.
- a substrate type it is inserted as a sealing material between a surface transparent substrate and a substrate on which solar cells are mounted.
- the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention can also be used as an adhesive layer between a transparent substrate, a back sheet, and other reinforcing substrates for these laminates.
- the transparent conductive film layer may contain ITO (indium doped tin oxide), ATO (antimony doped tin oxide), FTO (fluorine doped tin oxide), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), zinc oxide (ZnO) and the like. These layers can be produced by employing various known film forming techniques.
- the solar cell module of the present invention can take a known structure as the structure of the solar cell module except that the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention is used for all or part of the sealing material.
- the backsheet to be used is not particularly limited, but those having excellent weather resistance and low moisture permeability are preferably used, and polyester films, fluorine resin films, laminates thereof, and inorganic compounds are laminated on them. Can be used.
- the peel strength in a peel test at 180 ° C. is preferably 5 N / cm or more, more preferably 7 N / cm or more, 10 N / cm or more is more preferable.
- the laminated glass of the present invention is obtained by inserting and laminating the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention between two or more glasses.
- a laminated glass having a functional unit at a position in contact with the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film is useful.
- Functional units include thermal sensors, optical sensors, pressure sensors, thin film capacitive sensors, liquid crystal display films, electrochromic functional films, electroluminescent functional films, light emitting diodes, cameras, IC tags, antennas, and connecting them Electrode, wiring and the like.
- the glass used is not particularly limited, but float glass, tempered glass, netted glass, organic glass, and the like can be used.
- the thickness of the glass is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 10 mm, and more preferably 2 to 6 mm.
- the solar cell module or laminated glass of the present invention can be combined with known frames and junction boxes, sealing agents, mounting jigs and mounts, antireflection films, various facilities using solar heat, rain gutter structures, etc. It is.
- a laminating method for obtaining a solar cell module or laminated glass As a laminating method for obtaining a solar cell module or laminated glass, a known method can be adopted. For example, a method using a vacuum laminator device, a method using a vacuum bag, a method using a vacuum ring, or a nip roll is used. Methods and the like. In addition, a method of adding to the autoclave process after provisional pressure bonding can be additionally performed.
- the method using a vacuum laminator is particularly effective.
- it is laminated using a known apparatus used for solar cell production under a reduced pressure of 1 to 30,000 Pa and at a temperature of 100 to 200 ° C., preferably 130 to 160 ° C.
- a method using a vacuum bag or a vacuum ring is described, for example, in EP12356683B1 and is laminated at 130-145 ° C. under a pressure of about 20,000 Pa.
- lamination can be performed at a higher temperature than when di-n-hexyl adipate (DHA) is used as a plasticizer. It is possible to increase.
- DHA di-n-hexyl adipate
- the solar cell module or laminated glass of the present invention can be used as a member such as a window, a wall, a roof, a solarium, a soundproof wall, a show window, a balcony, a handrail wall, or as a partition glass member for a conference room, etc. It can also be used as a product.
- the physical properties of the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin produced in this example were measured according to the following methods.
- the average particle diameter of the primary particle of PVB resin is the primary particle diameter which can be determined from the photograph obtained by photographing the resin at 1000 times magnification (three sheets) using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Was measured (50 or more points per photo), and the average value was obtained as the average particle size. The primary particle size was measured for the major axis.
- Production Example 1 A 2 m 3 reactor equipped with a stirrer was charged with 1700 kg of a 7.5 mass% aqueous solution of PVA (PVA-1: polymerization degree 1700, saponification degree 99 mol%), n-butyraldehyde 74.6 kg, 2,6-di- 0.13 kg of t-butyl-4-methylphenol was charged and the whole was cooled to 14 ° C. To this, 160.1 L of hydrochloric acid having a concentration of 20% by mass was added, and butyralization of PVA was started. After 10 minutes from the end of the addition, the temperature was started to rise, the temperature was raised to 65 ° C. over 90 minutes, and the reaction was further carried out for 120 minutes.
- PVA-1 polymerization degree 1700, saponification degree 99 mol%
- n-butyraldehyde 74.6 kg 2,6-di- 0.13 kg of t-butyl-4-methylphenol was charged and the whole was cooled to 14 ° C.
- PVB resin ( PVB-1) was obtained.
- the particle shape observed by SEM was an aggregate in which small primary particles almost maintained the particle shape.
- the analysis results of the obtained PVB resin are shown in Table 1.
- PVB resin (PVB-2) was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that a 0.5 mass% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was used for neutralization.
- the analysis results of the obtained PVB resin are shown in Table 1.
- Production Example 3 A 2 m 3 reactor equipped with a stirrer was charged with 1700 kg of a 9.0 mass% aqueous solution of PVA-1 and 120.1 L of hydrochloric acid having a concentration of 20%, and the whole was cooled to 14 ° C. To this, 89.5 kg of n-butyraldehyde and 0.13 kg of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol were added to start butyralization of PVA. After 10 minutes from the end of the addition, the temperature was started to rise, the temperature was raised to 65 ° C. over 90 minutes, and the reaction was further carried out for 120 minutes.
- PVB resin (PVA -3) was obtained.
- the particle shape observed by SEM was an aggregate in which primary particles were fused and the shape of the primary particle shape became unclear.
- the analysis results of the obtained PVB resin are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 To 1 kg of the PVB resin (PVB-1) obtained in Production Example 1, 1.0 g of paramethoxyphenol, oligoethylene glycol di (2-ethylhexanoate) (average ethylene glycol chain length: 9) (9GO; acid A PVB film (F-1) having a thickness of 760 ⁇ m and a width of 50 cm was produced using a small twin screw extruder. The two vent ports of the extruder were connected to a vacuum pump and the volatile components were removed by decompression, and the resin temperature was adjusted to 200 ° C. The analysis results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 A PVB film (F-2) was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 360 g of di (2-butoxyethoxyethyl) sebacate (DBEES; acid value 0.7 meq / kg) was used as a plasticizer. The analysis results are shown in Table 2.
- DEES di (2-butoxyethoxyethyl) sebacate
- Example 3 A PVB film (F-3) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the PVB resin (PVB-2) obtained in Production Example 2 was used. The analysis results are shown in Table 2. The film was slightly brownish compared to F-1 and F-2.
- Comparative Example 1 A PVB film (F-4) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the PVB resin (PVB-3) obtained in Production Example 3 was used. The analysis results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 2 A PVB film (F-5) was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that di-n-hexyl adipate (DHA; acid value 0.8 meq / kg) was used as a plasticizer. The analysis results are shown in Table 2.
- DHA di-n-hexyl adipate
- Examples 4-6 Using a vacuum laminator device (manufactured by NPC Co., Ltd.) used in the production of solar cell modules, two glasses having a thickness of 3 mm and a length and width of 50 cm and a moisture content of 0.45% by mass were previously adjusted. Laminated glass samples were made using PVB films (F-1, F-2 and F-3). In the test, first, the set temperature of the laminator apparatus was set to 150 ° C., and the laminated layers of glass / PVB film / glass were laminated, and the surface of the obtained laminated glass was visually observed. Next, while raising the set temperature of the laminator device from 150 ° C.
- the maximum lamination temperature at which bubbles and dirt do not occur in the laminated glass is the maximum lamination temperature
- the maximum lamination temperature is 170 ° C. in Example 4
- the maximum lamination temperature is 160 ° C. in Examples 5 and 6. there were.
- the results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 3 A laminated glass sample was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the PVB film (F-4) was used. In Comparative Example 3, the maximum lamination temperature was 150 ° C. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 4 A laminated glass sample was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the PVB film (F-5) was used and the set temperature of the test was increased from 140 ° C by 5 ° C. In Comparative Example 4, the maximum lamination temperature was 140 ° C. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Production Example 4 A 2 m 3 reactor equipped with a stirrer was charged with 1700 kg of a 7.5 mass% aqueous solution of PVA-1 and 106.7 L of hydrochloric acid having a concentration of 20%, and the whole was cooled to 14 ° C. To this, 74.6 kg of n-butyraldehyde and 0.13 kg of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol were added to start butyralization of PVA. After 10 minutes from the end of the addition, the temperature was started to rise, the temperature was raised to 65 ° C. over 90 minutes, and the reaction was further carried out for 120 minutes.
- PVB resin (PVB -4) was obtained.
- the particle shape observed by SEM was an aggregate in which primary particles slightly larger than PVB-1 almost maintained the particle shape.
- the analysis results of the obtained PVB resin are shown in Table 4.
- PVB resin (PVB-5) was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 3 except that 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol was not added.
- the analysis results of the obtained PVB resin are shown in Table 4.
- PVB resin (PVB-6) was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1, except that the amount of butyraldehyde charged was 69.9 kg.
- the analysis results of the obtained PVB resin are shown in Table 4.
- Example 7 A PVB film (F-6) was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 360 g of triethylene glycol di (2-ethylhexanoate) (3GO; acid value 0.5 meq / kg) was used as a plasticizer. . The analysis results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 8 Example 1 except that the PVB resin (PVB-4) obtained in Production Example 4 was used and di (2-butoxyethoxyethyl) adipate (DBEEA; acid value 0.3 meq / kg) was used as a plasticizer. Similarly, a PVB film (F-7) was produced. The analysis results are shown in Table 5.
- Comparative Example 5 A PVB film (F-8) was produced in the same manner as in Example 7 except that 3GO (acid value: 3.9 meq / kg) containing a large amount of acid derived from the raw material as impurities was used as the plasticizer. The analysis results are shown in Table 5.
- Comparative Example 6 A PVB film (F-9) was produced in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the extruder temperature was adjusted so that the resin temperature was 230 ° C. The analysis results are shown in Table 5.
- Comparative Example 7 A PVB film (F-10) was produced in the same manner as in Example 7 except that one of the two vent ports installed in the extruder was closed. The analysis results are shown in Table 5.
- Comparative Example 8 A PVB film (F-11) was produced in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the PVB resin (PVB-5) obtained in Production Example 5 was used. The analysis results are shown in Table 5.
- Comparative Example 9 A PVB film (F) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the PVB resin (PVB-6) obtained in Production Example 6 was used and dibutyl adipate (DBA; acid value 0.4 meq / kg) was used as a plasticizer. -12) was produced. The analysis results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 9 The film F-1 obtained in Example 1 (length and width 30 cm) is the same thickness as another sheet of float glass having a thickness of 3 mm and length and width 30 cm on which a-Si solar cells to which bus bar electrodes are attached are installed.
- the solar cell module was placed between a glass of a size and sealed with a vacuum laminator, and a junction box was attached.
- the obtained solar cell module was subjected to a dump heat test under the conditions of 85 ° C., 85% RH and 1000 hours, and the power generation efficiency retention before and after the test was calculated.
- the power generation efficiency retention rate in the solar cell module of Example 9 was 97%.
- Example 10 The power generation efficiency retention before and after the dump heat test was calculated in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the film F-2 obtained in Example 2 was used instead of the film F-1. The power generation efficiency retention rate was 97%.
- Example 11 The power generation efficiency retention before and after the dump heat test was calculated in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the film F-6 obtained in Example 7 was used instead of the film F-1.
- the power generation efficiency retention rate was 95%.
- Comparative Example 10 The power generation efficiency retention before and after the dump heat test was calculated in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the film F-8 obtained in Comparative Example 5 was used instead of the film F-1. The power generation efficiency retention rate was 92%.
- Comparative Example 11 The power generation efficiency retention before and after the dump heat test was calculated in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the film F-11 obtained in Comparative Example 8 was used instead of the film F-1.
- the power generation efficiency retention rate was 85%.
- Such a plasticized polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention has a low yellowing degree and excellent appearance when used as an interlayer film for laminated glass. Further, the plasticized polyvinyl acetal film of the present invention can be laminated at a high temperature, has excellent productivity, and can achieve a long life of the obtained solar cell module or laminated glass having an electrochromic function. it can.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に使用されるポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、JIS K6728:1977年の規定に基づき測定したビニルアルコール単位量が12~34モル%であることが好ましく、15~32モル%がより好ましく、18~30モル%がさらに好ましい。ビニルアルコール単位量が34モル%よりも多いと、吸湿性が高くなり、吸収した水による金属腐食や、絶縁性の低下、可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムの基材からの剥離が起こる原因となるおそれがある。一方、ビニルアルコール量が12モル%よりも少ないと、力学的強度の低下、基材への接着性不良等の問題が生じるおそれがある。
本発明に使用される可塑剤において、分子を構成する炭素原子および酸素原子の総数は28以上であり、29よりも大きいことが好ましく、30よりも大きいことがさらに好ましく、31よりも大きいことが特に好ましい。可塑剤の分子を構成する炭素原子および酸素原子の総数が28未満である場合、熱分解や加水分解による酸価の上昇傾向が強くなって可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルム中の酸の濃度が高くなるおそれがある。また、真空ラミネーターの温度を高くしたり高真空にしたりすると可塑剤が揮発するため、ラミネート時間が長くなり、生産性が悪くなるとともに可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルム中の酸の濃度も高くなる。
本発明のある態様では、可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムの酸価は、5.0meq/kg以下であることが必要であり、3.0meq/kg以下が好ましく、2.0meq/kg以下がより好ましく、1.5meq/kg以下がさらに好ましい。酸価が5.0meq/kgを超える場合、モジュール製造装置および得られる太陽電池や機能性合わせガラス中の金属成分の腐食原因となる。可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムの酸価を5.0meq/kg以下とするためには、酸価が低いポリビニルアセタール樹脂および可塑剤を使用し、充分に乾燥させた状態で混合しできるだけ低温で溶融混練する方法があげられる。また、本発明の別の態様では、140℃で4時間加熱した後の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムの酸価が10.0meq/kg以下であることが必要であり、8.0meq/kg以下が好ましく、7.0meq/kg以下がより好ましい。ここで、酸価の測定方法は、JIS K6728:1977年の規定に記載の方法による。140℃で4時間加熱した後の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムの酸価を10.0meq/kg以下とするためには、酸価が低いポリビニルアセタール樹脂および可塑剤を使用することが好ましい。ここで、特にポリビニルアセタール樹脂は多孔質状で可塑剤吸収性に優れたもの、そして可塑剤は分子を構成する炭素原子と酸素原子の総数が28以上のものがそれぞれ好ましい。そして、このような原料を充分に乾燥させた状態で混合し、できるだけ低温で溶融混練する方法があげられる。また、適度に中和されていることも好ましく、具体的にはアルカリタイター値を前述の通りの値とすることが好ましい。
イオンの含有量は、50ppm以下であることが好ましく、25ppm以下がより好まし
い。これらの強酸イオンの含有量が50ppmを超えると、フィルムが着色したり、太陽
電池モジュール等に使用される金属成分が腐食するおそれがある。
JIS K6728:1977年の規定に基づき測定した。
JIS K6728:1977年の規定に基づき測定した。
PVB樹脂のエタノール溶液を塩酸で滴定し、100gのPVB樹脂あたりのアルカリ滴定に要する0.01モル/Lの塩酸量(アルカリタイター値:mL)で評価した。
JIS K6728:1977年の規定に基づき測定した。フィルムについては、試験管中、140℃で4時間加熱した後の酸価も同様に測定した。
島津製作所製ヘッドスペースガスクロマトグラフィーGC-14B、カラムはジーエルサイエンス株式会社製TC-1(内径0.25mm、長さ30m)を用いて測定した。
3%硝酸水溶液1mlに蒸留水10mlとエタノール80mlを加え、これにPVBフィルムサンプル約1gを精秤して加えた。攪拌してサンプルを溶解させた後、0.001モル/Lの硝酸銀水溶液を滴下し、電気伝導度の変化による滴定量からフィルム中の塩化物イオン濃度を求めた。なお、後述の実施例および比較例においては、PVB樹脂を作製する際のアセタール化触媒として塩酸のみを使用しているため、PVB樹脂またはフィルムにおける塩化物イオン量が、それぞれPVB樹脂またはフィルム中に含まれる塩化物イオン、硫酸イオンおよび硝酸イオンの含有量の合計量に相当する。
PVB樹脂の粒子形状は走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)により観察した。また、PVB樹脂の一次粒子の平均粒子径は、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用い、樹脂を1000倍の倍率で3箇所(3枚)撮影して得られた写真から判定可能な一次粒子径を測定(写真1枚につき50点以上)し、その平均値を求めて平均粒子径とした。なお、一次粒子径の測定は、長径を対象にして行った。
攪拌機を取り付けた2m3反応器に、PVA(PVA-1:重合度1700、けん化度99モル%)の7.5質量%水溶液1700kgと、n-ブチルアルデヒド74.6kg、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール0.13kgを仕込み、全体を14℃に冷却した。これに、濃度20質量%の塩酸160.1Lを添加して、PVAのブチラール化を開始した。添加終了後から10分後に昇温を開始し、90分かけて65℃まで昇温し、さらに120分反応を行った。その後、室温まで冷却して析出した樹脂をろ過後、樹脂に対して10倍量のイオン交換水で10回洗浄した。その後、0.3質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて充分に中和を行い、さらに樹脂に対して10倍量のイオン交換水で10回洗浄し、脱水した後、乾燥させ、PVB樹脂(PVB-1)を得た。SEMで観察された粒子形状は、図1に示すとおり、小さな一次粒子がその粒子形状をほぼ保ったままの集合体となっていた。得られたPVB樹脂の分析結果を表1に示す。
0.5質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を中和に用いた以外は製造例1と同様にして、PVB樹脂(PVB-2)を得た。得られたPVB樹脂の分析結果を表1に示す。
攪拌機を取り付けた2m3反応器に、PVA-1の9.0質量%水溶液1700kgと、濃度20%の塩酸120.1Lを仕込み、全体を14℃に冷却した。これに、n-ブチルアルデヒド89.5kg、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール0.13kgを添加して、PVAのブチラール化を開始した。添加終了後から10分後に昇温を開始し、90分かけて65℃まで昇温し、さらに120分反応を行った。その後、室温まで冷却して析出した樹脂をろ過後、樹脂に対して10倍量のイオン交換水で10回洗浄した。その後、0.3質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて充分に中和を行い、さらに樹脂に対して10倍量のイオン交換水で10回洗浄し、脱水した後、乾燥させ、PVB樹脂(PVA-3)を得た。SEMで観察された粒子形状は、図2に示すとおり、一次粒子が融着し、一次粒子形状の形状が不明確となった集合体となっていた。得られたPVB樹脂の分析結果を表1に示す。
製造例1で得られたPVB樹脂(PVB-1)1kgに対し、パラメトキシフェノール1.0g、オリゴエチレングリコールジ(2-エチルヘキサノエート)(平均エチレングリコール連鎖長:9)(9GO;酸価0.4meq/kg)360gを添加し、小型二軸押出機を用いて厚さ760μm、幅50cmのPVBフィルム(F-1)を製造した。なお、押出機のベント口2つを真空ポンプに接続し、減圧により揮発成分を除去しながら行い、樹脂温度が200℃になるように調整した。分析結果を表2に示す。
可塑剤としてジ(2-ブトキシエトキシエチル)セバケート(DBEES;酸価0.7meq/kg)360gを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてPVBフィルム(F-2)を製造した。分析結果を表2に示す。
製造例2で得られたPVB樹脂(PVB-2)を用いた以外は実施例2と同様にしてPVBフィルム(F-3)を得た。分析結果を表2に示す。なお、該フィルムはF-1およびF-2に比べ、若干茶色く着色していた。
製造例3で得られたPVB樹脂(PVB-3)を用いた以外は実施例2と同様にしてPVBフィルム(F-4)を得た。分析結果を表2に示す。
可塑剤としてジ-n-ヘキシルアジペート(DHA;酸価0.8meq/kg)を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてPVBフィルム(F-5)を製造した。分析結果を表2に示す。
上記の実施例1~3、並びに、比較例1および2で得られたPVBフィルムを3mm厚のフロートガラス2枚にはさみ、真空バッグ法により合わせガラスを得た。この合わせガラスの黄色度(YI)を、色差計(スガ試験機株式会社製「SM-T」)を用いて測定した。
太陽電池モジュールの製造に使用される真空ラミネーター装置(株式会社エヌ・ピー・シー製)を用い、厚さ3mm、縦横50cmの2枚のガラスと、予め水分量を0.45質量%に調整したPVBフィルム(F-1、F-2およびF-3)を用いて合わせガラスのサンプルを作製した。試験は、まず、ラミネーター装置の設定温度を150℃にして、ガラス/PVBフィルム/ガラスの順で重ねたものをラミネートし、得られた合わせガラスの表面を目視により観察した。次いで、ラミネーター装置の設定温度を150℃から5℃ずつ上昇させながら、設定温度毎に、新たに合わせガラスを作製して表面を目視により観察するということを、合わせガラスのガラス表面に揮発分による汚れが発生する温度となるまで、繰り返し実施した。なお、試験は、設定温度ごとにF-1、F-2及びF-3のPVBフィルムを用いた合わせガラスを作製することで、3回ずつ行った。その他のラミネートの条件としては、減圧時の圧力100Pa、減圧時間10分、上部チャンバーを常圧に戻してさらに10分圧着させるものとした。そして、ラミネート温度160℃で得られた合わせガラスからPVBフィルムの一部を取り出し、JIS K6728:1977年の規定に基づき酸価を測定した。また、合わせガラス内に泡や汚れが発生しないラミネート温度の最高値を最高ラミネート温度とすると、実施例4では、最高ラミネート温度は170℃、実施例5および6では、最高ラミネート温度は160℃であった。結果を表3に示す。
PVBフィルム(F-4)を用いた以外は実施例4と同様にして合わせガラスのサンプルを作製し評価した。比較例3では、最高ラミネート温度は150℃であった。結果を表3に示す。
PVBフィルム(F-5)を用い、かつ試験の設定温度を140℃から5℃ずつ上昇させた以外は、実施例4と同様にして合わせガラスのサンプルを作製し、評価した。比較例4では、最高ラミネート温度は140℃であった。結果を表3に示す。
なお、上記の実施例4~6、並びに比較例3および4で作製された、各ラミネート温度における合わせガラスの外観を肉眼で以下のように判定した。結果を表3に示す。
判定:基準
A :合わせガラス内の泡および揮発分による合わせガラス表面の汚れが見られない。
B :合わせガラス内に泡が見られる。
C :揮発分による合わせガラス表面の汚れが発生した。
攪拌機を取り付けた2m3反応器に、PVA-1の7.5質量%水溶液1700kgと、濃度20%の塩酸106.7Lを仕込み、全体を14℃に冷却した。これに、n-ブチルアルデヒド74.6kg、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール0.13kgを添加して、PVAのブチラール化を開始した。添加終了後から10分後に昇温を開始し、90分かけて65℃まで昇温し、さらに120分反応を行った。その後、室温まで冷却して析出した樹脂をろ過後、樹脂に対して10倍量のイオン交換水で5回洗浄した。その後、0.3質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて充分に中和を行い、さらに樹脂に対して10倍量のイオン交換水で10回洗浄し、脱水した後、乾燥させ、PVB樹脂(PVB-4)を得た。SEMで観察された粒子形状は、図3に示すとおり、PVB-1よりも若干大きな一次粒子がその粒子形状をほぼ保ったままの集合体となっていた。得られたPVB樹脂の分析結果を表4に示す。
2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-メチルフェノールを添加しなかった以外は製造例3と同様にして、PVB樹脂(PVB-5)を得た。得られたPVB樹脂の分析結果を表4に示す。
ブチルアルデヒドの仕込み量を69.9kgとした以外は製造例1と同様にして、PVB樹脂(PVB-6)を得た。得られたPVB樹脂の分析結果を表4に示す。
可塑剤としてトリエチレングリコールジ(2-エチルヘキサノエート)(3GO;酸価0.5meq/kg)360gを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、PVBフィルム(F-6)を製造した。分析結果を表5に示す。
製造例4で得られたPVB樹脂(PVB-4)を用い、可塑剤としてジ(2-ブトキシエトキシエチル)アジペート(DBEEA;酸価0.3meq/kg)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてPVBフィルム(F-7)を製造した。分析結果を表5に示す。
可塑剤として、原料由来の酸が不純物として多く含まれる3GO(酸価3.9meq/kg)を使用した以外は、実施例7と同様にしてPVBフィルム(F-8)を製造した。分析結果を表5に示す。
押出機温度を樹脂温度が230℃となるように調整した以外は、実施例7と同様にして
PVBフィルム(F-9)を製造した。分析結果を表5に示す。
押出機に設置されている2つのベント口の内、一つを封鎖して行った以外は、実施例7と同様にしてPVBフィルム(F-10)を製造した。分析結果を表5に示す。
製造例5で得られたPVB樹脂(PVB-5)を用いた以外は、実施例7と同様にしてPVBフィルム(F-11)を製造した。分析結果を表5に示す。
製造例6で得られたPVB樹脂(PVB-6)を用い、可塑剤としてジブチルアジペート(DBA;酸価0.4meq/kg)を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてPVBフィルム(F-12)を製造した。分析結果を表5に示す。
上記の実施例7および8、並びに、比較例5~9で得られたPVBフィルムを3mm厚のフロートガラス2枚にはさみ、真空バッグ法により合わせガラスを得た。この合わせガラスの黄色度(YI)を、色差計(スガ試験機株式会社製「SM-T」)を用いて測定した。
実施例1で得たフィルムF-1(縦横30cm)を、バスバー電極が取り付けられたa-Si太陽電池セルが設置された、厚さ3mm、縦横30cmのフロートガラスと、もう1枚の同じ厚み、大きさのガラスとの間に配して真空ラミネーターを用いて封止し、さらうにジャンクションボックスを取り付け太陽電池モジュールとした。得られた太陽電池モジュールについて85℃、85%RH、1000時間の条件でダンプヒート試験を行い、試験前後での発電効率保持率を算出した。実施例9の太陽電池モジュールにおける発電効率保持率は97%であった。
フィルムF-1の代わりに実施例2で得たフィルムF-2を用いたこと以外は実施例9と同様にしてダンプヒート試験前後の発電効率保持率を算出した。発電効率保持率は97%であった。
フィルムF-1の代わりに実施例7で得たフィルムF-6を用いた以外は実施例9と同様にしてダンプヒート試験前後の発電効率保持率を算出した。発電効率保持率は95%であった。
フィルムF-1の代わりに比較例5で得たフィルムF-8を用いた以外は実施例9と同様にしてダンプヒート試験前後の発電効率保持率を算出した。発電効率保持率は92%であった。
フィルムF-1の代わりに比較例8で得たフィルムF-11を用いた以外は実施例9と同様にしてダンプヒート試験前後の発電効率保持率を算出した。発電効率保持率は85%であった。
Claims (21)
- ポリビニルアセタール樹脂100質量部に対し、分子を構成する炭素原子および酸素原子の総数が28以上の可塑剤を15~60質量部含有し、かつ酸価が5.0meq/kg以下である可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルム。
- ポリビニルアセタール樹脂100質量部に対し、可塑剤を15~60質量部含有し、かつ140℃で4時間加熱した後の酸価が10.0meq/kg以下である可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルム。
- 可塑剤の分子を構成する炭素原子および酸素原子の総数が28以上であり、かつフィルムの酸価が5.0meq/kg以下である請求項2に記載の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルム。
- 可塑剤の分子を構成する炭素原子および酸素原子の総数が29よりも大きい、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルム。
- 塩化物イオン、硫酸イオンおよび硝酸イオンの含有量が合計50ppm以下である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルム。
- ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の酸価が3.0meq/kg以下であり、可塑剤の酸価が10.0meq/kg以下である、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルム。
- 140℃で4時間加熱した後の酸価が10.0meq/kg以下である請求項1に記載の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルム。
- 請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムを製造する製造方法であって、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂100質量部に対し、分子を構成する炭素原子および酸素原子の総数が28以上の可塑剤15~60質量部を混合し、成形することを特徴とする、可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムの製造方法。
- 可塑剤の分子を構成する炭素原子および酸素原子の総数が29よりも大きい、請求項9に記載の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムの製造方法。
- 前記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の平均一次粒子径が10μm以下である、請求項9または10に記載の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムの製造方法。
- 前記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂のアルカリタイター値が0.1~30であり、酸価が3.0meq/kg以下である、請求項9~11のいずれかに記載の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムの製造方法。
- 前記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の塩化物イオン、硫酸イオンおよび硝酸イオンの含有量が合計100ppm以下である、請求項9~12のいずれかに記載の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムの製造方法。
- 前記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂が、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂の水溶液に、アルデヒド類を先に添加した後に触媒を添加することで得られたものである、請求項9~13のいずれかに記載の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムの製造方法。
- 酸価が3.0meq/kg以下であるポリビニルアセタール樹脂に対し、酸価が10.0meq/kg以下である可塑剤を混合し、成形することを特徴とする、請求項9~14のいずれかに記載の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムの製造方法。
- 減圧により揮発成分を除去しながらポリビニルアセタール樹脂と可塑剤を混合する、請求項9~15のいずれかに記載の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムの製造方法。
- 成形時の樹脂温度が150~220℃の範囲である、請求項9~16のいずれかに記載の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムの製造方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムを用いた太陽電池モジュール。
- さらに透明導電膜層を有するガラスを備える請求項18に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムを用いた合わせガラス。
- 前記可塑化ポリビニルアセタールフィルムと接する位置に機能性ユニットを備える請求項20に記載の合わせガラス。
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- 2011-03-30 MX MX2012011241A patent/MX2012011241A/es unknown
- 2011-03-30 KR KR1020127026607A patent/KR101492549B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2011-03-30 CN CN201180015997.2A patent/CN102822250B/zh active Active
- 2011-03-30 EP EP11765691.8A patent/EP2554578B1/en active Active
- 2011-03-30 US US13/637,758 patent/US9676930B2/en active Active
- 2011-03-30 WO PCT/JP2011/058117 patent/WO2011125791A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-03-30 BR BR112012024610A patent/BR112012024610A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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Publication number | Publication date |
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BR112012024610A2 (pt) | 2016-05-31 |
KR20130051925A (ko) | 2013-05-21 |
MX2012011241A (es) | 2013-01-29 |
CN102822250B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
US20130074910A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
US9988507B2 (en) | 2018-06-05 |
US20170240713A1 (en) | 2017-08-24 |
EP2554578A1 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
JPWO2011125791A1 (ja) | 2013-07-08 |
EP2554578B1 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
JP5174280B2 (ja) | 2013-04-03 |
JP2013108084A (ja) | 2013-06-06 |
EP2554578A4 (en) | 2014-02-19 |
KR101492549B1 (ko) | 2015-02-12 |
US9676930B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
CN102822250A (zh) | 2012-12-12 |
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