WO2011125627A1 - 希土類金属錯体 - Google Patents
希土類金属錯体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011125627A1 WO2011125627A1 PCT/JP2011/057723 JP2011057723W WO2011125627A1 WO 2011125627 A1 WO2011125627 A1 WO 2011125627A1 JP 2011057723 W JP2011057723 W JP 2011057723W WO 2011125627 A1 WO2011125627 A1 WO 2011125627A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- rare earth
- earth metal
- metal complex
- mmol
- Prior art date
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical group [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 96
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 33
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical class C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 14
- -1 rare earth metal ion Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- NNMXSTWQJRPBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K europium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Eu](Cl)Cl NNMXSTWQJRPBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 12
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical class N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000004687 hexahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- YHPMRHPLAQSPHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropyrazine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=NC=CN=C1Cl YHPMRHPLAQSPHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FNVBALFTMLKFEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-methyl-2-oxochromen-7-yl) phosphono phosphate Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(OP(=O)(OC3=CC=4OC(=O)C=C(C=4C=C3)C)OP(O)(O)=O)=CC=C21 FNVBALFTMLKFEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- VVXLFFIFNVKFBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenylbutane-1,3-dione Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 VVXLFFIFNVKFBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- NZZIMKJIVMHWJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzoylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NZZIMKJIVMHWJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- TXBBUSUXYMIVOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N thenoyltrifluoroacetone Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CS1 TXBBUSUXYMIVOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OPPMNBYHIZCEGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2N=CC=CC=2)N=C1 OPPMNBYHIZCEGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 3
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSGGPELKXXFMGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dibutyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=C(CCCC)N=C2C3=NC(CCCC)=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 LSGGPELKXXFMGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GNKZMNRKLCTJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4'-Methylacetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 GNKZMNRKLCTJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC2=C1C=CC1=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CN=C21 DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBPGPQJFYXNFKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)pyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C)C=2)=C1 NBPGPQJFYXNFKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PTRATZCAGVBFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abametapir Chemical compound N1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C)C=N1 PTRATZCAGVBFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical group C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical class C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical class N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000695 excitation spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical class C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UPIJOAFHOIWPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1 UPIJOAFHOIWPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxophosphane Chemical compound P=O AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002909 rare earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N tert-butyl-[(1r,3s,5z)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(2-diphenylphosphorylethylidene)-4-methylidenecyclohexyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=C)\C1=C/CP(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTZQTRPPVKQPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzoxazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=NOC2=C1 KTZQTRPPVKQPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000355 1,3-benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- SZYIVZGXCXFXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-methylpyrrol-3-yl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C=1C=CN(C)C=1 SZYIVZGXCXFXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical group C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSSWXNPRLJLCDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-diethylphosphorylethane Chemical compound CCP(=O)(CC)CC ZSSWXNPRLJLCDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWCFQNQVNVMFGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octylsulfinyloctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCS(=O)CCCCCCCC VWCFQNQVNVMFGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWLFRYTYPPCAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-oxido-1,10-phenanthrolin-1-ium 1-oxide Chemical compound C1=CC=[N+]([O-])C2=C3[N+]([O-])=CC=CC3=CC=C21 PWLFRYTYPPCAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C=12C=CC3=C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=C(C)N=C3C2=NC(C)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FERMVCULDZOVOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1-oxidopyridin-2-ylidene)pyridin-1-ium 1-oxide Chemical compound [O-]N1C=CC=CC1=C1[N+](=O)C=CC=C1 FERMVCULDZOVOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXGVMFHEKMGWMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzofuran Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=COC=C21 UXGVMFHEKMGWMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHJPGUSXUGHOGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-6-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)pyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C=2N=C(C)C=CC=2)=N1 OHJPGUSXUGHOGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVKYUXHYUAMPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-2-enyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=C)COC(C)=O IVKYUXHYUAMPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WPTCSQBWLUUYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-quinolin-2-ylquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C3=NC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3)=CC=C21 WPTCSQBWLUUYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPAXPTHCUCUHPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound CC1=CN=C2C3=NC=C(C)C(C)=C3C=CC2=C1C NPAXPTHCUCUHPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUSJAEJRDNPYKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylthiophene Chemical compound CC(=O)C=1C=C(C)SC=1C PUSJAEJRDNPYKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDVYCTOWXSLNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-t-Butylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KDVYCTOWXSLNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Azulene Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC2=C1 CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJHHIJFTHRNPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenyl sulfoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JJHHIJFTHRNPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZIAABRFQASVSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoquinoline N-oxide Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C[N+]([O-])=CC=C21 RZIAABRFQASVSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001204 N-oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical group C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005577 anthracene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008365 aromatic ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005161 aryl oxy carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTMQZWFSTJVJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylsulfinylmethylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CS(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 HTMQZWFSTJVJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005578 chrysene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogenphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VFNGKCDDZUSWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfuric acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)OS(O)(=O)=O VFNGKCDDZUSWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L fluoridophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(F)=O DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940104869 fluorosilicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000006343 heptafluoro propyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000904 isoindolyl group Chemical group C=1(NC=C2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiazole Chemical group C=1C=NSC=1 ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IYRGXJIJGHOCFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N neocuproine Chemical compound C1=C(C)N=C2C3=NC(C)=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 IYRGXJIJGHOCFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005582 pentacene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005581 pyrene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical group C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILVXOBCQQYKLDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine N-oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]1=CC=CC=C1 ILVXOBCQQYKLDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005579 tetracene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007944 thiolates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZMBHCYHQLYEYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylphosphine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(=O)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC ZMBHCYHQLYEYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/003—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table without C-Metal linkages
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- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/33—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
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- C07D209/12—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
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- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing two or more pyridine rings directly linked together, e.g. bipyridyl
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- C07D333/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
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- C07D333/50—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D333/52—Benzo[b]thiophenes; Hydrogenated benzo[b]thiophenes
- C07D333/54—Benzo[b]thiophenes; Hydrogenated benzo[b]thiophenes with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
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- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rare earth metal complex that can be excited by excitation light having a longer wavelength than that of the prior art and has excellent emission intensity.
- phosphors using rare earth metal complexes are expected to be used in various fields because they are excellent in solubility in solvents and resin dispersibility, unlike inorganic phosphors.
- JP 2002-20358 A, JP 7-10819 A, JP 2008-19374 A, JP 2009-62335 A, JP 2009-292748 A, JP 2008-303196 A Various publications such as a fluorescent probe, bioimaging, printing ink, sensor, wavelength conversion resin sheet, and illumination are proposed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2007-71714.
- a mechanism As a light emission mechanism of a rare earth metal complex, a mechanism is known in which light is absorbed by a ligand and the excitation energy is transferred to a rare earth metal ion that is a light emission center, whereby the ion is excited to emit light.
- the energy transfer efficiency between the ligand and the metal is lowered, and a practically sufficient emission intensity cannot be obtained.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-252250 discloses a rare earth metal complex that can be excited at a longer wavelength than before by sufficiently reducing inactivation due to impurities, crystal defects, and energy traps in the process of energy transfer from the ligand. Has been proposed.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-46577 discloses that a rare earth metal complex coordinated with phosphine oxide is reacted with a compound having a siloxane bond to activate the ff transition of the rare earth metal at a longer wavelength than in the past.
- Excitable rare earth metal complexes have been proposed.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a rare earth metal complex having excellent emission intensity that can be excited with excitation light having a longer wavelength than conventional ones.
- ⁇ -diketone ligands used in rare earth metal complexes have a maximum absorption wavelength of 350 nm or less, especially when the central metal is Eu 3+ . Considering the application form, it is desirable to increase the excitation wavelength of the rare earth metal complex.
- the excitation level of the ligand needs to be higher than the excitation level of the central metal in the relative relationship between the energy level of the ligand and the central metal. For this reason, it has been difficult in principle to lengthen the excitation wavelength because it narrows the room for selection of possible energy transfer.
- the present inventor when a ⁇ -diketone compound having a specific structure in a rare earth metal is used as a ligand, has excellent emission intensity that can be excited with excitation light having a longer wavelength than before. It has been found that a rare earth metal complex can be obtained.
- the present invention is as follows. ⁇ 1> A rare earth metal complex having a rare earth element and a ⁇ -diketone compound represented by the following formula (1) as a ligand.
- R 1 represents a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- ⁇ 2> The rare earth metal complex according to ⁇ 1>, wherein the maximum absorption wavelength is 350 nm or more, and the light emission efficiency at an excitation wavelength of 400 nm is 50% or more.
- Ln represents a rare earth element
- NL represents a neutral ligand
- R 1 represents a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 5
- m is equal to the valence of Ln.
- ⁇ 4> Any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the rare earth element is europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), erbium (Er), ytterbium (Yb), neodymium (Nd), or samarium (Sm). 2.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of an emission spectrum in a wavelength region of 580 to 650 nm with excitation light of 400 nm of the rare earth metal complexes obtained in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3.
- the rare earth metal complex of the present invention is a complex having a rare earth element and a ⁇ -diketone compound represented by the following formula (1) as a ligand.
- R 1 represents a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group include benzene ring group, naphthalene ring group, anthracene ring group, phenanthrene ring group, pyrene ring group, perylene ring group, tetracene ring group, chrysene ring group, pentacene ring group, triphenylene ring group, indene.
- a cyclic group, an azulene cyclic group, etc. are mentioned.
- aromatic heterocyclic group examples include a pyrrole ring group, a thiophene ring group, a furan ring group, an imidazole ring group, a pyrazole ring group, a pyridine ring group, a pyridazine ring group, a pyrimidine ring group, a pyrazine ring group, a triazole ring group, and a triazine.
- Examples include a benzothiazole ring group, a benzothiophene ring group, and a carbazole ring group.
- the monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group and aromatic heterocyclic group represented by R 1 may be unsubstituted or may have a substituent.
- substituents include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen group, a perfluoroalkyl group, a ditro group, an amino group, a sulfonyl group, a cyano group, a silyl group, a phosphone group, a diazo group, a mercapto group, an aryl group, and an aralkyl group.
- An alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen group, and a perfluoroalkyl group are preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, carbon More preferred are an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a propoxy group are preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, carbon More preferred are an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- An olopropyl group is preferable, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, or a heptafluoropropyl group is more preferable.
- a group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, or an isopropoxy group is more preferable.
- the number of substituents is not limited, and preferably has 1 to 5 substituents. More preferably, it has 3 substituents, and still more preferably has 1 to 2 substituents.
- the substitution position of the substituent is not limited.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by R 1 is a phenyl group, it may be substituted at any of the ortho, meta, or para positions, and more preferably has a substituent at the para position.
- R 1 is preferably a phenyl group having an alkoxy group or a pyrrole group having an alkyl group, more preferably a phenyl group having an alkoxy group at the para position or an N-alkyl-3-pyrrole group, More preferably, it is a phenyl group having an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the para position or an N-alkyl group having 1 to 3 alkyl-3-pyrrole.
- the ⁇ -diketone compound represented by the formula (1) can be obtained, for example, by condensing an aromatic ketone and 4-t-butylbenzoate in the presence of a base as shown in the following reaction formula. .
- the rare earth element in the rare earth metal complex of the present invention is preferably europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), erbium (Er), ytterbium (Yb), neodymium (Nd) or samarium (Sm), Eu, Sm, Tb is more preferable, and Eu is particularly preferable.
- the rare earth metal complex having ⁇ -diketone as a ligand in the present invention is not limited as long as the total coordination number with respect to the rare earth element is 6 to 9.
- Examples of such a complex include a complex having a coordination molecule, or a complex in which four molecules of ⁇ -diketonate are coordinated to have a neutral valence as a whole.
- a complex having a neutral ligand of three molecules of ⁇ -diketone and a Lewis base with respect to a rare earth metal is preferable.
- the rare earth metal complex of the present invention is preferably a complex represented by the following formula (2).
- Ln represents a rare earth element
- NL represents a neutral ligand
- R 1 represents a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 5
- m is equal to the valence of Ln.
- examples of the rare earth element represented by Ln include the above-described rare earth elements, and the same applies to suitable rare earth elements, and thus description thereof is omitted here.
- R 1 in the formula (2) has the same meaning as R 1 in the formula (1), since it is also the preferred range, the description thereof is omitted.
- the neutral ligand represented by NL is not particularly limited, and is a compound having at least one selected from a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom that can be coordinated to Ln. , Phosphine oxide, ketone, sulfoxide, ether and the like, and these are selected singly or in combination.
- Ln is Eu 3+
- the neutral ligand is selected so that the total coordination number of Eu 3+ is 7, 8, or 9.
- Examples of the amine represented by the neutral ligand NL include optionally substituted pyridine, pyrazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, 2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, and the like.
- Examples of the amine oxide represented by the neutral ligand NL include pyridine-N-oxide, isoquinoline-N-oxide, 2,2′-bipyridine-N, N′-dioxide, which may have a substituent. 1,10-phenanthroline-N, N′-dioxide and the like, and N-oxides of the above amines.
- Examples of the phosphine oxide represented by the neutral ligand NL include trialkylphosphine oxide, triethylphosphine oxide and trioctylphosphine oxide, which may have a substituent, 1,2-ethylene.
- Bis (diphenylenephosphine oxide), (diphenylphosphinimide) triphenylphosphorane, phosphoric acid triphenyl ester and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the ketone represented by the neutral ligand NL include dipyridyl ketone and benzophenone that may have a substituent.
- Examples of the sulfoxide represented by the neutral ligand NL include diphenyl sulfoxide, dibenzyl sulfoxide, dioctyl sulfoxide and the like which may have a substituent.
- Examples of the ether represented by the neutral ligand NL include ethylene glycol dimethyl ether and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether which may have a substituent.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 5, preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 2.
- m is equal to the valence of Ln. For example, when Ln is Eu 3+ , m is 3.
- the neutral ligand NL is preferably an amine, phosphine oxide, or sulfoxide, more preferably an amine or phosphine oxide, and even more preferably an amine.
- the neutral ligand NL represented by the following formula (3) is preferable.
- R 2 to R 9 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group.
- R 2 and R 3 , R 3 and R 4 , R 4 and R 5 , R 5 and R 6 , R 7 and R 8 , R 8 and R 9 , R 9 and R 2 are connected to each other to form a ring. May be formed.
- R 2 and R 3 in the formula (3) are each independently a hydrogen atom and a bipyridine compound, or R 2 and R 3 are connected to each other to form a benzene ring and are a phenanthroline compound.
- R 2 to R 9 in Formula (3) are each independently preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group, and preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a phenyl group. More preferably, they are a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a phenyl group.
- R 4 to R 9 when any of R 4 to R 9 is an alkyl group or an aryl group, it is preferable that at least R 5 or R 8 (that is, the 5-position) is an alkyl group or an aryl group.
- neutral ligand NL represented by the formula (3) examples include 2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, bathophenanthroline, neocuproine, bathocuproin, 5,5′-dimethyl-2. , 2'-bipyridine, 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, 5-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine, 2,2'- Biquinoline, 2,2′-bi-4-repidine, 2,9-dibutyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 2,9-dibutyl-1, 10-phenanthroline is preferred, 2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, bathophenanthroline, 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, 5-phenyl-2,2 - bipyridine is more suitable.
- n is preferably an integer of 1 to 2, and more preferably 1.
- the rare earth metal complex of the present invention can be easily obtained by reacting a rare earth metal compound and ⁇ -diketone in the presence of a base.
- the rare earth metal compound used in the production of the rare earth metal complex is not particularly limited as long as it is generally readily available.
- the rare earth metal complex of the present invention preferably has a maximum absorption wavelength of 350 nm or more, more preferably 350 nm to 400 nm, and even more preferably 355 nm to 375 nm.
- the maximum absorption wavelength of the rare earth metal complex of the present invention is a wavelength attributable to the ⁇ -diketone compound.
- the ⁇ -diketone compound is coordinated to the rare earth element, its absorption wavelength is observed as an anion of ⁇ -diketone, that is, ⁇ -diketonate.
- the maximum absorption wavelength of the rare earth metal complex of the present invention is such that a commercially available spectrophotometer (for example, U-3310 manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Fielding Co., Ltd.) is used, and a square quartz cell having an optical path length of 1 cm is used. It is measured in a solution adjusted to be as follows.
- a sample having high solubility in the sample and low absorption in the ultraviolet region is desirable. Examples of such a solvent include tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide and the like.
- the measured concentration varies depending on the molar extinction coefficient of each sample, but is adjusted so that the absorbance is in the range of 0.1 to 1.0. In the present invention, it is a value measured at a concentration of 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 [M] using dimethylformamide as a solvent.
- the rare earth metal complex of the present invention preferably has a maximum excitation wavelength of 395 nm to 450 nm, more preferably 400 nm to 440 nm, and still more preferably 405 nm to 435 nm.
- the maximum excitation wavelength of the rare earth metal complex of the present invention is fixed using a commercially available spectrofluorometer (for example, F-4500 manufactured by Hitachi High Technology Co., Ltd.) (especially the emission center is Eu 3+ In this case, it is adjusted as appropriate between 605 and 620 nm, which indicates the maximum emission intensity.), And is measured by scanning the spectrometer on the excitation side.
- the sample shape is selected from powder, solution, resin dispersion state, etc., and any shape may be used in relative comparison. In addition, caution is necessary because scattering occurs in the powder state, and influence of the medium and concentration dependence occur in the solution / resin dispersion state.
- the maximum excitation wavelength in the present invention is a value measured at a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 [M] using dimethylformamide as a solvent.
- the rare earth metal complex of the present invention desirably has a light emission efficiency at an excitation wavelength of 400 nm of 50% or more, more preferably 55% or more, and further preferably 60% or more.
- a method for obtaining the light emission efficiency and light emission intensity of the rare earth metal complex of the present invention will be described.
- a rare earth metal complex (phosphor) to be measured is placed in an integrating sphere equipped with a spectrophotometer and an excitation light source, and irradiated with light of 400 nm from the excitation light source for measurement.
- An example of such a measuring apparatus is QEMS 2000 manufactured by Systems Engineering.
- the reason for using an integrating sphere or the like is to allow all the photons reflected from the sample and the photons emitted from the sample by photoluminescence to be counted.
- the luminous efficiency is a value obtained by dividing the number of photons emitted by the photoluminescence of the sample by the total number of photons of the excitation light absorbed by the sample.
- the emission intensity is the sum of the number of photons emitted by the photoluminescence of the sample when the excitation light intensity is constant.
- the integration interval may be 550 to 750 nm including 600 nm to 630 nm derived from the transition from 5 D 0 to 7 F 2 which is the strongest emission wavelength region. .
- the rare earth metal complex of the present invention is, for example, a wavelength conversion resin composition used on the light receiving surface side of a solar battery cell, a wavelength conversion solar battery sealing material (wavelength conversion solar battery sealing sheet), and these. Can be applied to the solar cell module.
- a wavelength conversion resin composition used on the light receiving surface side of a solar battery cell
- a wavelength conversion solar battery sealing material wavelength conversion solar battery sealing sheet
- the maximum absorption wavelength was measured using U-3310 manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Fielding Co., Ltd. as a spectrophotometer.
- FIG. 1 the absorption spectrum which shows the maximum value of the rare earth metal complex obtained in Example 1, the comparative example 1, and the comparative example 2 is shown.
- FIG. 2 shows excitation spectra of the rare earth metal complexes obtained in Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the emission spectrum of the rare earth metal complexes obtained in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 in the wavelength range of 580 to 650 nm when the excitation light is 400 nm.
- the rare earth metal complexes of Examples 1 to 8 having the ⁇ -diketone compound represented by the formula (1) as a ligand include the ⁇ -diketone compound represented by the formula (1).
- the rare earth metal complexes of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 that do not have a ligand it can be seen that they are excited by excitation light having a long wavelength. Moreover, it turns out that it is excellent in emitted light intensity compared with the comparative example 3.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、上記課題に鑑み、従来よりも長波長の励起光で励起可能な、発光強度に優れた希土類金属錯体を提供することを目的とするものである。
<1>希土類元素と、配位子として下記式(1)で表されるβ-ジケトン化合物と、を有する希土類金属錯体。
前記芳香族炭化水素基としては、ベンゼン環基、ナフタレン環基、アントラセン環基、フェナントレン環基、ピレン環基、ペリレン環基、テトラセン環基、クリセン環基、ペンタセン環基、トリフェニレン環基、インデン環基、アズレン環基等が挙げられる。
前記芳香族複素環基としては、ピロール環基、チオフェン環基、フラン環基、イミダゾール環基、ピラゾール環基、ピリジン環基、ピリダジン環基、ピリミジン環基、ピラジン環基、トリアゾール環基、トリアジン環基、チアゾール環基、イソチアゾール環基、オキサゾール環基、イソオキサゾール環基、インドール環基、イソインドール環基、ベンゾフラン環基、イソベンゾフラン環基、ベンゾオキサゾール環基、ベンゾイソオキサゾール環基、ベンゾチアゾール環基、ベンゾチオフェン環基、カルバゾール環基等が挙げられる。
特に、媒体への分散性並びに蛍光体としての蛍光特性を考慮し、希土類金属に対して3分子のβ-ジケトン及びルイス塩基である中性配位子を有する錯体が好ましい。
式(2)におけるR1は、上記式(1)におけるR1と同義であり、好適な範囲についても同様であるため、ここでの説明を省略する。
なお、LnがEu3+の場合には、Eu3+の合計配位数が7、8又は9となるように、中性配位子が選択される。
中性配位子NLで表されるアミンオキシドとしては、例えば、置換基を有してもよいピリジン-N-オキシド、イソキノリン-N-オキシド、2,2’-ビピリジン-N,N’-ジオキシド、1,10-フェナントロリン-N,N’-ジオキシド等上記アミンのN-オキシド等が挙げられる。
中性配位子NLで表されるケトンとしては、例えば、置換基を有することもあるジピリジルケトン、ベンゾフェノン等が挙げられる。
中性配位子NLで表されるエーテルとしては、例えば、置換基を有してもよいエチレングリコールジメチルエーテルやエチレングリコールジメチルエーテルが挙げられる。
式(2)において、mはLnの価数に等しい。例えば、LnがEu3+の場合には、mは3である。
本発明の希土類金属錯体の極大吸収波長は、β-ジケトン化合物に起因した波長となる。β-ジケトン化合物が希土類元素に配位したとき、β-ジケトンのアニオン、即ちβ-ジケトナートとしてその吸収波長が観測される。β-ジケトナート類の吸収波長を長波長化させるには、共役系を長く伸ばすことが望ましい。
測定対象となる希土類金属錯体(蛍光体)を、分光光度計及び励起光源の備え付けられた積分球内に入れて、ここに励起発光光源から400nmの光を照射して測定する。このような測定装置としてシステムズエンジニアリング製QEMS2000などがある。積分球などを用いるのは、サンプルを反射したフォトン、及びサンプルからフォトルミネッセンスにより放出されるフォトンを全て計上できるようするためである。
この測定スペクトルには、実際には励起発光光源からの光でフォトルミネッセンスによりサンプルから放出されたフォトンの他に、サンプルで反射された励起光の分のフォトンの寄与が重なっている。即ち、発光効率は、サンプルのフォトルミネッセンスにより放出されたフォトン数を、サンプルによって吸収された励起光のフォトン数の合計で割った値とされる。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、および技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、および技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に参照により取り込まれる。
<BMPP(1-(p-t-ブチルフェニル)-3-(N-メチル-3-ピロール)-1,3-プロパンジオン)の合成>
水素化ナトリウム1.92g(0.08mol)を秤取し、窒素雰囲気下、脱水テトラヒドロフラン45mlを加えた。激しく攪拌しながら、3-アセチル-1-メチルピロール4.93g(0.04mol)及び4-t-ブチル安息香酸メチル4.93g(0.04mol)を脱水テトラヒドロフラン50mlに溶解させた溶液を1時間かけて滴下した。その後、8時間還流させた。これを室温に戻し、純水20gを加え、更に3N塩酸16.5mlを加えた。有機層を分離し、減圧下で濃縮した。濃縮物を再結晶し、白色粉末であるBMPPを8.73g(収率77%)得た。
上記のように合成したBMPP643.7mg(2.24mmol)、1,10-フェナントロリン(Phen)151.4mg(0.84mmol)をメタノール25.0gに分散させた。この分散液に、水酸化ナトリウム109.2mg(2.73mmol)をメタノール10.0gに溶解させた溶液を加え、1時間攪拌した。
次いで、256.5mg(0.7mmol)の塩化ユーロピウム(III)6水和物をメタノール5.0gに溶解した溶液を滴下した。室温で1時間攪拌した後、油浴中60℃に加熱し、さらに2時間攪拌した。これを室温に戻し、生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、メタノールにて洗浄した。乾燥することでEu(BMPP)3Phenを得た。
<Eu(BMDBM)3Phenの合成>
1-(p-t-ブチルフェニル)-3-(p-メトキシフェニル)-1,3-プロパンジオン(BMDBM)695.3mg(2.24mmol)、1,10-フェナントロリン(Phen)151.4mg(0.84mmol)をメタノール25.0gに溶解した。この溶液に、水酸化ナトリウム109.2mg(2.73mmol)のメタノール10.0g溶液を滴下し、さらに1時間攪拌した。
次いで塩化ユーロピウム(III)6水和物256.5mg(0.7mmol)のメタノール5.0g溶液を滴下し、さらに2時間攪拌を続けた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、メタノールにて洗浄した。乾燥することでEu(BMDBM)3Phenを得た。
<BDMTP(1-(p-t-ブチルフェニル)-3-(2.5-ジメチル-3-チエニル)-1,3-プロパンジオン)の合成>
水素化ナトリウム0.96g(0.04mol)を秤取し、窒素雰囲気下、脱水テトラヒドロフラン22.5mlを加えた。激しく攪拌しながら、3-アセチル-2,5-ジメチルチオフェン3.08g(0.02mol)及び4-t-ブチル安息香酸メチル4.61g(0.024mol)を脱水テトラヒドロフラン25mlに溶解させた溶液を1時間かけて滴下した。その後、8時間還流させた。これを室温に戻し、純水10gを加え、更に3N塩酸8.0mlを加えた。有機層を分離し、減圧下で濃縮した。濃縮物を再結晶し、白色粉末であるBDMTPを4.58g(収率73%)得た。
上記のように合成したBDMTP704.3mg(2.24mmol)、1,10-フェナントロリン(Phen)151.4mg(0.84mmol)をメタノール25.0gに分散させた。この分散液に、水酸化ナトリウム112.0mg(2.80mmol)をメタノール10.0gに溶解させた溶液を加え、1時間攪拌した。
次いで、256.5mg(0.7mmol)の塩化ユーロピウム(III)6水和物をメタノール5.0gに溶解した溶液を滴下した。室温で2時間攪拌した後、生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、メタノールにて洗浄した。乾燥することでEu(BDMTP)3Phenを得た。
<BMeP(1-(p-t-ブチルフェニル)-3-(4-メチルフェニル)-1,3-プロパンジオン)の合成>
水素化ナトリウム0.96g(0.04mol)を秤取し、窒素雰囲気下、脱水テトラヒドロフラン22.5mlを加えた。激しく攪拌しながら、4-メチルアセトフェノン2.68g(0.02mol)及び4-t-ブチル安息香酸メチル4.61g(0.024mol)を脱水テトラヒドロフラン25mlに溶解させた溶液を1時間かけて滴下した。その後、6時間還流させた。これを室温に戻し、純水10gを加え、更に3N塩酸5.0mlを加えた。有機層を分離し、減圧下で濃縮した。濃縮物を再結晶し、白色粉末であるBMePを1.87g(収率32%)得た。
上記のように合成したBMeP470.4mg(1.6mmol)、1,10-フェナントロリン(Phen)108.1mg(0.6mmol)をメタノール17.9gに分散させた。この分散液に、水酸化ナトリウム80.8mg(2.0mmol)をメタノール7.1gに溶解させた溶液を加え、1時間攪拌した。
次いで、183.2mg(0.5mmol)の塩化ユーロピウム(III)6水和物をメタノール3.6gに溶解した溶液を滴下した。室温で2時間攪拌した後、生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、メタノールにて洗浄した。乾燥することでEu(BMeP)3Phenを得た。
<Eu(BMDBM)3Bpyの合成>
1-(p-t-ブチルフェニル)-3-(p-メトキシフェニル)-1,3-プロパンジオン(BMDBM)695.3mg(2.24mmol)、2,2’-ビピリジン(Bpy)131.2mg(0.84mmol)をメタノール25.0gに溶解した。この溶液に、水酸化ナトリウム109.2mg(2.73mmol)のメタノール10.0g溶液を滴下し、さらに1時間攪拌した。
次いで塩化ユーロピウム(III)6水和物256.5mg(0.7mmol)のメタノール5.0g溶液を滴下し、さらに2時間攪拌を続けた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、メタノールにて洗浄した。乾燥することでEu(BMDBM)3Bpyを得た。
<Eu(BMDBM)35dm-Bpyの合成>
BMDBM695.3mg(2.24mmol)、5,5’-ジメチル-2,2’-ビピリジン(5dm-Bpy)154.8mg(0.84mmol)をメタノール25.0gに分散させた。この溶液に、水酸化ナトリウム109.2mg(2.73mg)のメタノール10.0g溶液を滴下し、さらに1時間攪拌した。
次いで塩化ユーロピウム(III)6水和物256.5mg(0.7mmol)のメタノール5.0g溶液を滴下し、さらに2時間攪拌を続けた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、メタノールにて洗浄した。乾燥することでEu(BMDBM)35dm-Bpyを得た。
<Eu(BMDBM)35p-Bpyの合成>
BMDBM695.3mg(2.24mmol)、5-フェニル-2,2’-ビピリジン(5p-Bpy)195.1mg(0.84mmol)をメタノール25.0gに分散させた。この溶液に、水酸化ナトリウム109.2mg(2.73mg)のメタノール10.0g溶液を滴下し、さらに1時間攪拌した。
次いで塩化ユーロピウム(III)6水和物256.5mg(0.7mmol)のメタノール5.0g溶液を滴下し、さらに2時間攪拌を続けた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、メタノールにて洗浄した。乾燥することでEu(BMDBM)35p-Bpyを得た。
<Eu(BMDBM)34dm-Bpyの合成>
BMDBM695.3mg(2.24mmol)、4,4’-ジメチル-2,2’-ビピリジン(4dm-Bpy)154.8mg(0.84mmol)をメタノール25.0gに分散させた。この溶液に、水酸化ナトリウム109.2mg(2.73mg)のメタノール10.0g溶液を滴下し、さらに1時間攪拌した。
次いで塩化ユーロピウム(III)6水和物256.5mg(0.7mmol)のメタノール5.0g溶液を滴下し、さらに2時間攪拌を続けた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、メタノールにて洗浄した。乾燥することでEu(BMDBM)34dm-Bpyを得た。
<Eu(TTA)3Phenの合成>
水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(1M)11gに、テノイルトリフルオロアセトン(TTA)2.00g(9.00mmol)をエタノール75.0gに溶解した溶液を加えた。次いで、1,10-フェナントロリン0.62g(3.44mmol)をエタノール75.0gに溶解した溶液を加え、1時間攪拌を続けた。
次いで、塩化ユーロピウム(III)6水和物1.03g(2.81mmol)をエタノール20.0gに溶解した溶液を滴下し、さらに1時間攪拌を続けた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、エタノールにて洗浄し、乾燥することでEu(TTA)3Phenを得た。
<Eu(BFA)3Phenの合成>
水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(1M)11gに、ベンゾイルトリフルオロアセトン(BFA)1.94g(9.00mmol)をエタノール60.0gに溶解した溶液を加えた。次いで、1,10-フェナントロリン0.62g(3.44mmol)をエタノール60.0gに溶解した溶液を加え、1時間攪拌を続けた。
次いで、塩化ユーロピウム(III)6水和物1.03g(2.81mmol)をエタノール20.0gに溶解した溶液を滴下し、さらに1時間攪拌を続けた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、エタノールにて洗浄した。乾燥することでEu(BFA)3Phenを得た。
<Eu(DBM)3Phenの合成>
水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(1M)11gに、ジベンゾイルメタン(DBM)2.00g(9.00mmol)をエタノール60.0gに溶解した溶液を加えた。次いで、1,10-フェナントロリン0.62g(3.44mmol)をエタノール60.0gに溶解した溶液を加え、1時間攪拌を続けた。
次いで塩化ユーロピウム(III)6水和物1.03g(2.81mmol)をエタノール20.0gに溶解した溶液を滴下し、さらに1時間攪拌を続けた。生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、エタノールにて洗浄した。乾燥することで目的物Eu(DBM)3Phenを得た。
以下に、各実施例において測定した励起波長などの各パラメータの測定方法について説明する。
分光光度計として、(株)日立ハイテクフィールディング製U-3310を用いて測定した。
図1に、実施例1、比較例1及び比較例2で得られた希土類金属錯体の極大値を示す吸収スペクトルを示す。
分光蛍光光度計として、日立ハイテクノロジー(株)製F-4500を用いて測定した。
図2に、実施例1、実施例2及び比較例3で得られた希土類金属錯体の励起スペクトルを示す。
測定は、発光量子効率測定装置として、システムズエンジニアリング(株)QEMS-2000を用いて実施した。試料に400nmの励起光を照射し、発光効率を測定し、また、その発光スペクトルより積分区間550nm~750nmでのフォトン数の合計を発光強度とした。
図3に、実施例1、比較例1及び比較例3で得られた希土類金属錯体の励起光400nmでの、580~650nm波長領域における発光スペクトルの拡大図を示す。
Claims (4)
- 極大吸収波長を350nm以上に有し、且つ励起波長400nmでの発光効率が50%以上である請求項1に記載の希土類金属錯体。
- 前記希土類元素が、ユーロピウム(Eu)、テルビウム(Tb)、エルビウム(Er)、イッテルビウム(Yb)、ネオジム(Nd)又はサマリウム(Sm)である請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の希土類金属錯体。
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KR1020127026811A KR20130021368A (ko) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-03-28 | 희토류 금속 착물 |
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PCT/JP2011/057723 WO2011125627A1 (ja) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-03-28 | 希土類金属錯体 |
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US (1) | US20130090460A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2554533A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2011125627A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20130021368A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102822131A (ja) |
SG (1) | SG184335A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI439533B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011125627A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
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WO2012073699A1 (ja) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-06-07 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | 希土類金属錯体 |
KR101488386B1 (ko) | 2012-11-09 | 2015-02-03 | 한국세라믹기술원 | 수분 민감성 형광체, 그의 제조방법 및 수분 민감성 형광체를 포함하는 가역적 수분 검출 센서 |
WO2016143562A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-09 | 2016-09-15 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | 希土類錯体、発光材料及びその製造方法、並びに発光シート及びその製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
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KR101660282B1 (ko) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-09-27 | 한국세라믹기술원 | 수분검출 센서, 결함검출 센서 및 이를 이용한 센서 어레이 |
WO2019108799A1 (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-06 | Eie Materials, Inc. | Europium beta-diketonate luminescent material |
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KR101488386B1 (ko) | 2012-11-09 | 2015-02-03 | 한국세라믹기술원 | 수분 민감성 형광체, 그의 제조방법 및 수분 민감성 형광체를 포함하는 가역적 수분 검출 센서 |
WO2016143562A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-09 | 2016-09-15 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | 希土類錯体、発光材料及びその製造方法、並びに発光シート及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2554533A1 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
EP2554533A4 (en) | 2015-10-14 |
TWI439533B (zh) | 2014-06-01 |
CN102822131A (zh) | 2012-12-12 |
KR20130021368A (ko) | 2013-03-05 |
US20130090460A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
TW201134919A (en) | 2011-10-16 |
JPWO2011125627A1 (ja) | 2013-07-08 |
SG184335A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
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