WO2011122111A1 - 回転電機 - Google Patents
回転電機 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011122111A1 WO2011122111A1 PCT/JP2011/052555 JP2011052555W WO2011122111A1 WO 2011122111 A1 WO2011122111 A1 WO 2011122111A1 JP 2011052555 W JP2011052555 W JP 2011052555W WO 2011122111 A1 WO2011122111 A1 WO 2011122111A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- core
- gap
- rotor
- mag
- permanent magnet
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
- H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine such as an embedded magnet synchronous motor having a structure in which a rotor supporting a permanent magnet is rotated with respect to a stator, and more particularly to a rotating electrical machine having a structure that can improve loss with a simple structure.
- a rotating electrical machine for example, an embedded magnet synchronous motor (hereinafter also referred to as IPM), includes a rotatable rotating shaft, a stator having a stator core formed in a cylindrical shape, and a rotor core fixed to the rotating shaft.
- a rotor a permanent magnet provided with a set of different magnetic poles arranged in the radial direction of the rotor, a magnetic field yoke provided on the outer periphery of the stator, and a magnetic circuit between the magnetic field yoke and the rotor.
- a winding stator coil
- a hybrid vehicle or the like has attracted attention as a vehicle with improved fuel efficiency, and the hybrid vehicle is composed of a gasoline engine, a transmission, an inverter, a battery, a motor, and a control device thereof.
- the motor is used in the above-described hybrid vehicle and the like as a motor having high controllability with high reliability, high efficiency and variable rotation speed.
- the electrical angle around the rotation center of the rotor is within a range of 127 ° to 140 °, and the V-shape with the rotation center side as the apex.
- a rotor body (rotor core) formed with first and second holes for accommodating the first and second magnets, respectively.
- a structure is proposed that includes a support portion that divides the first and second holes at the apex portion of the V-shape and is capable of high-speed rotation and improved energy efficiency (Patent Document 1). reference).
- a motor for example, an embedded magnet synchronous motor (IPM)
- IPM embedded magnet synchronous motor
- the applicant of the present invention formed a gap (air gap) around the permanent magnet embedded in the rotor in the embedded magnet type synchronous motor, and the relationship between the permanent magnet and the gap was determined.
- the present invention provides a rotating electrical machine that can further reduce the motor loss and further increase the efficiency of the rotating electrical machine by appropriately defining the relationship between the permanent magnet and the air gap portion with the simplest possible configuration.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the present invention includes a stator core (15) formed in an annular shape, a stator (13) having a stator coil (24) wound around the stator core (15), and the stator (13 A rotating shaft (11) positioned at the center of the rotating shaft (11), and a rotor (12) rotatably disposed in the stator (13) in a state of being fixed to the rotating shaft (11). And a permanent magnet (17a, 17b) disposed along an inverted V shape that gradually narrows from the rotation center (O) side of the rotor (12).
- a plurality of support portions (20) are provided on the rotor (12) so as to extend radially around the rotation center (O), In correspondence with each of the plurality of support portions (20), A predetermined distance from the edge (17c, 17d) of the permanent magnet (17a, 17b) in the flow direction (27) of the magnetic flux (23) between the permanent magnet (17a, 17b) and the stator (13) ( l core ) When the power supply to the stator coil (24) generates low torque in a low current state, magnetic saturation occurs at a spaced position, and when the maximum torque occurs in the high current state, magnetic saturation occurs. It is characterized by forming void portions (21, 25, 26, 28, 30) having a predetermined length (l mag ) that can be prevented from being generated.
- the gap (for example, 21, 25, 26, 28)
- the rotor (12) is notched at positions corresponding to the permanent magnets (17a, 17b) in the circumferential direction.
- the gap (for example, 21) The corresponding permanent magnet (17a, 17b) at a position where the outer diameter portion (12a) of the rotor (12) and the support portion (20) intersect at a position corresponding to the permanent magnet (17a, 17b). ), And is cut out so as to extend along the inclination direction.
- the gap (for example, 30) At a position corresponding to each of the permanent magnets (17a, 17b) in the circumferential direction of the rotor (12), a rectangular through-hole is formed so as to extend along the inclination direction of the corresponding permanent magnet (17a, 17b). It is characterized by being made.
- the present invention starts from the edge (17c, 17d) of the permanent magnet (17a, 17b) of the gap (21, 25, 26, 28, 30).
- the predetermined length in the direction perpendicular to the distance (l core ) is the overlap width l mag of the gaps (21, 25, 26, 28, 30) and the permanent magnets (17a, 17b).
- l mag / l core is the following formula: 2.4 ⁇ l mag / l core ⁇ 10.0 It is characterized by satisfying.
- a gap of a predetermined length that can generate magnetic saturation when a low torque is generated when the power supply to the stator coil is in a low current state, and does not generate magnetic saturation when a maximum torque is generated when the power supply is in a high current state. Since it is formed, it has a simple configuration in which a gap of a predetermined shape is formed in the support portion. However, in a low current state, magnetic saturation is generated to weaken the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet (reduce the magnetic flux).
- the gap is formed by notching at a position corresponding to each of the permanent magnets in the circumferential direction of the rotor. Therefore, the gap having a predetermined shape is formed in the rotor by pressing or the like.
- a rotary electric machine with a highly efficient configuration can be realized only by (punching).
- the gap portion extends along the inclination direction of the corresponding permanent magnet at the portion where the outer diameter portion of the rotor and the support portion intersect at the position corresponding to the permanent magnet. Therefore, a highly efficient rotating electrical machine can be realized simply by notching (punching) a predetermined-shaped gap on the inner diameter side of the rotor by pressing or the like. .
- the gap portion is formed in a rectangular shape so as to extend along the inclination direction of the corresponding permanent magnet at a position corresponding to the permanent magnet in the circumferential direction of the rotor. Therefore, a rotary electric machine having a highly efficient configuration can be realized simply by notching (punching) a gap having a predetermined shape on the inner diameter side of the rotor by pressing or the like.
- the predetermined distance from the edge of the permanent magnet in the gap is the distance l core from the permanent magnet to the gap, and the gap is perpendicular to the distance l core.
- the predetermined length is the overlap width l mag between the gap and the permanent magnet
- l mag / l core satisfies the following formula: 2.4 ⁇ l mag / l core ⁇ 10.0
- (A) is a graph showing the B- ⁇ characteristic in the low current state in the l core portion of the present embodiment
- (b) is a graph showing the magnet material characteristic in the low current state.
- (A) is a graph showing the B- ⁇ characteristic when the maximum torque is generated in the l core portion of this embodiment
- (b) is a graph showing the magnet material characteristics when the maximum torque is generated.
- (A) is a graph showing the operating point at the time of low current and the operating point at the maximum torque
- (b) is a graph of the magnet material characteristics showing the operating point at the time of low current and the operating point at the maximum torque.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram schematically showing the positional relationship of (a).
- FIGS. 1 to 13 an embodiment of a rotating electrical machine according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 13.
- the present invention will be described with reference to an example in which the present invention is applied to a motor generator (rotating electric machine) mounted on a hybrid vehicle.
- the rotating electric machine according to the present invention is applied to a motor or a generator.
- FIG. 1 is a plan sectional view showing the entire rotating electrical machine according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view showing a magnetic flux when the rotating electrical machine is unloaded.
- the field yoke 14 is not shown for convenience.
- the rotating electrical machine 10 includes a rotor 12 in which a plurality of permanent magnets 17a and 17b are arranged in the circumferential direction, and a three-phase coil that forms a rotating magnetic field (the stator coil in FIG. 1). 24) and a stator 13 wound thereon.
- the rotating electrical machine 10 is generally formed in a cylindrical shape that is long in the front-back direction of FIG. 1, and has a rotating shaft 11 at the center in a plan view.
- the rotating electrical machine 10 is rotatably supported by being positioned at the center of the stator 13 and a stator (stator) 13 having a stator core 15 formed in an annular shape and a stator coil 24 wound around the stator core 15.
- a rotor having a rotating shaft 11, a hollow cylindrical field yoke 14 disposed on the outer periphery of the stator 13, and a rotor core 16 rotatably disposed in the stator 13 while being fixed to the rotating shaft 11.
- the permanent magnets 17a and 17b are embedded in the rotor core 16 so as to extend in the front-back direction of FIG.
- the rotor core 16 constituting the rotor 12 is configured such that a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates are laminated in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 11 (front-back direction in FIG. 1).
- the stator 13 has a stator coil 24 wound around a stator core 15. Further, a plurality of stator teeth 18 formed at intervals in the circumferential direction and slots 19 positioned between the stator teeth 18 are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the stator core 15.
- the stator coil 24 is wound around the entire circumference of the stator core 15 as a three-phase winding (U-phase, V-phase, W-phase) by a three-phase winding in a predetermined connection state in accordance with a predetermined winding method. That is, the stator coil 24 is arranged so that the same phase and different polarity in the AC of a plurality of phases are adjacent to each other, the U + phase and the U ⁇ phase make a pair, the V + phase and the V ⁇ phase make a pair, The W + phase and the W ⁇ phase are paired. In FIG. 1, for convenience, only the U phase of the stator coil 24 is schematically illustrated, but the V phase and the W phase are also provided in the same manner.
- the stator 13 is formed in a hollow cylindrical shape, and is constituted by a stator core 15 in which a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates are laminated in the front-back direction in FIG.
- the rotor 12 is supported so as to be rotatable about a rotation center (rotation axis) O extending in the front-back direction of FIG. 1 at the center of the columnar rotation shaft 11.
- the field yoke 14 containing the stator 13 and the rotor 12 includes a side wall portion (not shown) attached to the outer peripheral surface of the stator 13 and a top plate (not shown) formed at both axial end portions of the side wall portion. And have a part.
- a through hole (not shown) is formed at the center of the top plate portion, and the rotary shaft 11 is rotatably fitted and supported in the through hole via a bearing (not shown).
- the rotor core 16 has a plurality (16 in the present embodiment) of permanent magnets 17a and 17b (hereinafter collectively referred to simply as permanent magnets 17) at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor 12. Alternatingly arranged.
- the plurality of permanent magnets 17 are arranged such that the adjacent permanent magnets 17a and 17b follow an inverted V shape that gradually narrows from the rotation center O side toward the outer peripheral side.
- a plurality of (eight in the present embodiment) support portions 20 are formed on the rotor core 16 of the rotor 12 so as to extend radially at equal angular intervals around the rotation center O of the rotary shaft 11.
- the permanent magnets 17 a and 17 b that form the magnet pair 9 are respectively embedded in predetermined positions of the rotor core 16.
- the surface of the permanent magnet 17a facing the rotor outer peripheral side is the N pole and the surface facing the rotor inner peripheral side is the S pole.
- the surface of the permanent magnet 17b facing the rotor outer peripheral side is the S pole, and the surface facing the rotor inner peripheral side is the N pole.
- the permanent magnets 17 a and 17 b are disposed so that the directions of the S pole and the N pole are reversed for each adjacent magnet pair 9.
- the d-axis and q-axis formed by the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet 17 are as shown by the arrows in the figure.
- a space portion 7 is formed so as to extend in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 11 on the rotation center O side of the adjacent permanent magnet 17b and the permanent magnet 17a.
- the rotor 12 is formed with gaps (air gaps) 21 corresponding to the permanent magnets 17a (17b).
- a plurality (16 in the present embodiment) of the gaps 21 are respectively formed at positions corresponding to the permanent magnets 17 a and 17 b of the support portions 20 in the circumferential direction of the rotor 12.
- the plurality of gaps 21 in the plurality of support parts 20 are formed so as to block (in the blocking direction) the flow direction 27 of the magnetic flux 23.
- the gap portion 21 corresponds to each of the plurality of support portions 20, and the flow direction of the magnetic flux 23 between the magnet pair 9 including the permanent magnets 17 a and 17 b and the stator 13 (FIG. 2). 3, at a position spaced a predetermined distance (l core ) from the edge 17 c (see FIG. 3) of the permanent magnets 17 a and 17 b at the arrow 27) in FIG.
- l core predetermined distance
- the power supply is a second predetermined value (motor current 150.0 shown in FIG. 5) larger than the first predetermined value. It is configured in a shape having a predetermined length (l mag ) that can prevent magnetic saturation from occurring when maximum torque is generated in a high current state smaller than [Arms]).
- the gap portion 21 has an outer diameter portion 12 a and a support portion 20 of the rotor 12 at positions corresponding to the permanent magnets 17 a and 17 b in the circumferential direction of the rotor 12. Are cut out so as to extend along the inclination direction of the corresponding permanent magnets 17a, 17b.
- reference numeral 21 a is a formation start portion of the gap portion 21
- reference numeral 21 b is a formation end portion of the gap portion 21.
- the gap portion 21 is formed in a substantially V shape so as to bite from the space portion 7 side to the outer diameter portion 12a side, and with respect to each permanent magnet 17a, 17b, an edge portion from the formation start portion 21a toward the formation end portion 21b. It is formed so as to be gradually separated from 17c, and the portion of the formation end portion 21b is farthest from the edge portion 17c, and forms a distance l core from the permanent magnet 17a to the gap portion 21.
- the permanent magnets 17a and 17b are embedded and fixed in a fitting portion 12b that is cut out in the outer diameter portion 12a of the rotor 12 so as to extend in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 11.
- a space portion 22a is formed on the stator 13 side of the fitting portion 12b so as to extend in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 11, and the space portion 22b is formed on the rotation center O side of the fitting portion 12b. 11 extending in the axial direction.
- a locking projection 12c that locks the movement of the permanent magnets 17a and 17b toward the space 22a is formed on the support 20 side of the space 22a.
- a locking projection 21c that locks the movement of the permanent magnets 17a and 17b to the rotation center O side is formed on the rotation center O side of the space 22b.
- FIG. 3A the gap is illustrated between the edge 17 c and the rotor 12, but actually there is no gap, and the edge 17 c is in close contact with the rotor 12.
- the permanent magnets 17 b are mainly described. However, the gaps 21 corresponding to the permanent magnets 17 a are opposite to the gaps 21 corresponding to the permanent magnets 17 b (inclination in the opposite direction). Is formed.
- a control unit (not shown) for rotating electric machine control receives a torque command value to be output from an ECU (Electrical Control Unit) (not shown) outside the rotary electric machine
- a motor control current for outputting a torque designated by the received torque command value is generated, and the generated motor control current is transmitted from the input unit 29 shown in FIG. 1 to the stator coil 24 ⁇ the neutral points 1 and 2.
- the rotor 12 rotates with respect to the stator 13 by supplying it so as to flow (for convenience, only the U phase is shown).
- the predetermined distance (b) is a distance l core from each edge 17c of the permanent magnets 17a and 17b to the formation end portion 21b of the gap 21 and a predetermined length in the direction perpendicular to the distance l core of the gap 21
- l mag / l core is Formula (A) 2.4 ⁇ l mag / l core ⁇ 10.0 (A) It is configured to satisfy.
- the dimension a of l mag can be set to 3.20 mm, for example, and the dimension b of l core can be set to 1.33 mm, for example.
- the torque T and the loss W are generally expressed by the following equations (B) and (C) using the magnet magnetic flux ⁇ m.
- T P n ⁇ ⁇ m + (L d ⁇ L q ) ⁇ I d ⁇ ⁇ I q (B)
- W k h ⁇ f ⁇ B 2 ⁇ k e ⁇ f 2 ⁇ B 2 .
- FIG. 1 The relationship between the motor current and the magnet magnetic flux ⁇ m due to the provision of the rotor 12 having the gap portion 21 of the present embodiment is as shown in FIG.
- This graph is a graph showing the current-magnet magnetic flux characteristics of the rotating electrical machine 10 of the present embodiment, with the magnetic flux ⁇ m [Wb] on the vertical axis and the motor current [Arms] on the horizontal axis.
- the magnet magnetic flux ⁇ m gradually changes from 0.084 [Wb] to 0.06 [Wb] between the motor currents 0 to 200 [Arms].
- the numerical value range of 2.4 ⁇ l mag / l core ⁇ 10.0 is the range in which the torque [Nm] during the rotation of the rotor 12 is reduced by 0.5%. This is an effective range in which the effect of.
- the numerical value range of l mag / l core in the above formula (A) is more preferably 2.4 ⁇ l mag / l core ⁇ 6.9, and in this range, the torque when the rotor 12 rotates It is possible to more effectively suppress the decrease in [Nm], to further reduce the motor loss when the maximum torque is generated, and to further improve the rotation efficiency.
- the mechanism (2) of the invention will be described.
- the magnet magnetic flux ⁇ m can be expressed by the following formula (D) by the permeance method.
- the magnetic circuit by the permanent magnet 17a (or 17b) has a magnetic field H m in the rotor 12 (rotor core 16), a magnetic resistance R mag [A / Wb], l core in the l mag portion.
- Part magnetic resistance R core , l mag part and magnetic resistance R other other than l core part, and the magnetic flux ⁇ m is as shown by an arrow.
- B mag which is the magnetic flux density of the l mag portion shown in FIG. 3B, shows a larger magnetic flux density (about 1.04 [T]) at low current than the magnet material characteristic diagram shown in FIG.
- a small magnetic flux density (about 0.46 [T]) is shown when the maximum torque is generated.
- l mag / l core and B mag The relationship between l mag / l core and B mag is as shown in FIG. 8B at the low current operating point and the maximum torque operating point. That is, as shown in FIG. 8B, the value of B mag that is the magnetic flux density of the l mag portion is determined by the operating point regardless of the value of l mag / l core , so B mag is an operation at low current. It can be seen that both the point and the maximum torque operating point are constant at about 1.04 [T] and about 0.56 [T], respectively, and therefore take a constant value at a certain operating point.
- ⁇ core which is the permeability of the l core portion at low current (low current state) and at maximum torque (maximum torque state).
- 6 (a) and 7 (a) are graphs showing the correlation between the magnetic flux density [T] and the magnetic permeability [H / m] of the l core part at low current and maximum torque, respectively.
- FIGS. 6B and 7B are graphs showing the magnetic permeability [H / m] of the l core portion with respect to l mag / l core in the low current state and the maximum torque state, respectively.
- ⁇ core which is the permeability of the l core portion takes a small value (approximately 0 [H / m]).
- the magnetic permeability is a slope of the hysteresis characteristic, the magnetic permeability is decreased when the magnetic saturation is reached, approaches the air-core state, and the self-inductance does not reach zero, but the current increases when the short circuit is considered as a small limit.
- ⁇ core which is the permeability of l core portion is a large value (for example, 8400 when l mag / l core is 6.5).
- the rotor 12 is provided with the plurality of support portions 20 so as to extend radially around the rotation center O, and the permanent magnets 17a are respectively associated with the support portions 20. , 17b and the stator 13 in the direction of flow of the magnetic flux 23 (27 in FIG. 2), the stator coil 24 is fed at a position spaced apart from the edge 17c of the permanent magnets 17a, 17b by a predetermined distance (l core ).
- a predetermined distance (l core ).
- the first predetermined value motor current 9.0 [Arms] shown in FIG. 5
- a gap 21 having a predetermined length (l mag ) that can prevent magnetic saturation from occurring when a maximum torque is generated in a high current state smaller than 150.0 [Arms]) is formed.
- the support portion 20 has a simple configuration in which the gap portion 21 having a predetermined shape is formed
- the supply current is larger than the first predetermined value (that is, the supplied current is
- the permanent magnets 17a and 17b are weakened (decreasing the magnet flux) to generate magnetic saturation, thereby causing the stator 13
- the iron loss represented by the sum of hysteresis loss and eddy current loss can be reduced. Thereby, it is difficult to generate a torque drop in a low current state, and the operating efficiency (motor performance) of the rotating electrical machine 10 can be improved.
- the supplied current is smaller than the second predetermined value (that is, when the supplied current is large (at the time of generating a maximum torque at a high current))
- the decrease in the magnetic flux of the permanent magnets 17a and 17b is reduced (the magnet).
- the magnetic flux transmitted from the permanent magnets 17a and 17b to the stator 13 is not reduced, the decrease in iron loss is suppressed, and the maximum torque is unlikely to decrease.
- the operating efficiency (motor performance) of the rotating electrical machine 10 can be improved.
- the gap 21 is cut out at positions corresponding to the permanent magnets 17a and 17b in the circumferential direction of the rotor 12, so that the gap 21 having a predetermined shape is cut by pressing or the like.
- the rotary electric machine 10 having a highly efficient configuration can be realized simply by forming a notch (punching).
- the rotating electrical machine 10 having a highly efficient configuration can be realized.
- the predetermined distance from the edge 17c of the permanent magnets 17a, 17b of the gap 21 is the distance l core from the permanent magnets 17a, 17b to the gap 21, and the gap 21
- l mag / l core is expressed by the following formula: 2.4 ⁇ l mag / l Since core ⁇ 10.0 is satisfied, the relationship between the gap 21 and the permanent magnets 17a and 17b can be optimized, and the rotating electrical machine 10 having a highly efficient configuration can be realized.
- FIGS. 11 (a), 11 (b) and FIG. FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 12 are diagrams for explaining the relationship between the permanent magnet and the gap portion at the outer peripheral edge portion of the rotor in different modified examples. Note that these modified examples are different from the above-described configuration only in the shape of the gaps 25, 26, 28, and the other parts are substantially the same. Description is omitted.
- the gap 25 extends along the inclination direction of the permanent magnets 17a and 17b at positions corresponding to the permanent magnets 17a and 17b in the circumferential direction of the rotor 12, respectively. Notches are formed.
- reference numeral 25 a is a formation start portion of the gap portion 25
- reference numeral 25 b is a formation end portion of the gap portion 25.
- the gap portion 25 is formed in a substantially V shape so as to bite from the space portion 7 (see FIG. 1) side to the outer diameter portion 12a (see FIG. 3) side, and for each permanent magnet 17a, 17b, a formation start portion 25a.
- the predetermined distance (b) from each edge 17d of the permanent magnets 17a and 17b in the gap 25 is defined as a distance l core from each edge 17d of the permanent magnets 17a and 17b to the formation end portion 25b of the gap 25.
- the predetermined length in the direction perpendicular to the distance l core of the gap portion 25 is set to the distance a between the formation start portion 25a and the formation end portion 25b in the gap portion 25, that is, the gap portion 25 and the permanent magnet 17a,
- l mag / l core is the above-mentioned formula (A) 2.4 ⁇ l mag / l core ⁇ 10.0 (A) It is configured to satisfy.
- a predetermined distance (b) from each edge 17c of the permanent magnets 17a, 17b of the gap 26 is set to a gap from each edge 17c of the permanent magnets 17a, 17b.
- a distance l core to the formation end portion 26b of the gap 26 and a predetermined length in the direction perpendicular to the distance l core of the gap portion 26 is set between the formation start portion 26a and the formation end portion 26b in the gap portion 26.
- the predetermined distance (b) from each edge 17d of the permanent magnets 17a and 17b of the gap 28 is changed from the edge 17d of each of the permanent magnets 17a and 17b to the end of formation of the gap 28.
- the distance l core to the portion 28b and the predetermined length in the direction perpendicular to the distance l core of the gap portion 28 are defined as a distance a between the formation start portion 28a and the formation end portion 28b in the gap portion 28, that is,
- l mag / l core is the above-described formula (A). 2.4 ⁇ l mag / l core ⁇ 10.0 (A) It is configured to satisfy.
- the gap 30 in the present embodiment is inclined by the corresponding permanent magnets 17 a at positions corresponding to the permanent magnets 17 a and 17 b in the circumferential direction of the rotor 12.
- a rectangular shape is formed so as to extend along the direction and along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 11.
- the gap 30 corresponding to the permanent magnet 17a is formed in a direction opposite to the gap 30 corresponding to the permanent magnet 17b (inclination in the reverse direction).
- the dimension a of l mag can be set to 3.50 mm, for example, and the dimension b of l core can be set to 0.70 mm, for example.
- the predetermined distance from each edge 17c of the permanent magnets 17a and 17b in the gap 30 is set as a distance l core from each edge 17c of the permanent magnets 17a and 17b to the long side 30b on the side close to the gap 30;
- the predetermined length in the direction perpendicular to the distance l core of the gap portion 21 is set to the distance a between the short side 30a and the short side 30a in the gap portion 30, that is, the overhang of the gap portion 30 and the permanent magnets 17a and 17b.
- the gap portion 30 is rectangular so as to extend along the inclination direction of the corresponding permanent magnets 17a and 17b at positions corresponding to the permanent magnets 17a and 17b in the circumferential direction of the rotor 12, respectively. Since it is formed so as to penetrate the shape, the rotary electric machine 10 having a highly efficient configuration can be realized simply by notching (punching) the gap 30 having a predetermined shape on the inner diameter side of the rotor 12 by press working or the like. The effect that can be produced.
- the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention can be used for a hybrid vehicle, a hybrid system, and the like, and is particularly suitable for use where it is required to further reduce the motor loss and further increase the efficiency. is there.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
前記回転中心(O)を中心として放射状に延びるように前記ロータ(12)に複数の支持部(20)を設け、
前記複数の支持部(20)にそれぞれ対応させて、
前記永久磁石(17a,17b)と前記ステータ(13)との間における磁束(23)の流れ方向(27)での前記永久磁石(17a,17b)の縁部(17c,17d)から所定距離(lcore)離間した位置に、前記ステータコイル(24)への給電が低電流状態での低トルク発生時には磁気飽和を発生させ、かつ前記給電が高電流状態での最大トルク発生時には磁気飽和を発生させないようにし得る、所定長さ(lmag)の空隙部(21,25,26,28,30)を形成してなることを特徴とする。
前記ロータ(12)の周方向における前記永久磁石(17a,17b)にそれぞれ対応する位置に切り欠き形成されてなることを特徴とする。
前記永久磁石(17a,17b)にそれぞれ対応する位置における、前記ロータ(12)の外径部(12a)と前記支持部(20)とが交わる部位にて、対応する前記永久磁石(17a,17b)の傾斜方向に沿って延在するように切り欠き形成されてなることを特徴とする。
前記ロータ(12)の周方向における前記永久磁石(17a,17b)にそれぞれ対応する位置において、対応する前記永久磁石(17a,17b)の傾斜方向に沿って延在するように矩形状に貫通形成されてなることを特徴とする。
2.4<lmag/lcore<10.0
を満たしてなることを特徴とする。
2.4<lmag/lcore<10.0 …(A)
を満たすように構成されている。
T=Pn×{Φm+(Ld-Lq)×Id}×Iq ………(B)
W=kh×f×B2×ke×f2×B2 ………スタインメッツの実験式
Φ=B×S
W∝kh×f×Φm 2+ke×f2×Φm 2 ………(C)
ただし、Pn:極数、Ld:d軸インダクタンス、Lq:q軸インダクタンス、Id:d軸電流、Iq:q軸電流、kh:ヒステリシス損比例定数(係数)、f:周波数、B:磁束密度、Φ:磁束[Wb]、S:断面積、ke:渦電流損比例定数(係数)である。
2.4<lmag/lcore
である場合に、磁石磁束Φmが0.085[Wb]から小さくなり始めるため、上述した式(C)
W∝kh×f×Φm 2+ke×f2×Φm 2 ………(C)
より、損失W(つまりモータ損失[W])が、図9(a),(b)に示すように、約470[W]から次第に低下し始めて、磁気飽和が発生する。つまり、永久磁石17の磁石磁束Φmを弱めて(小さくして)、永久磁石17からステータ13に伝わる磁束を低減することで鉄損を減少させ、低電流状態でのトルク低下を発生し難くして、回転電機10の作動効率を向上させることができる。
lmag/lcore<10.0
の場合に、磁石磁束Φmは、
lmag/lcore≧10.0
の場合に比して大きな値をとるので、上述した式(B)
T=Pn×{Φm+(Ld-Lq)×Id}×Iq ………(B)
より、最大トルクTの低下が小さくなることがわかる。
Φm=Hm/(Rmag+Rcore+Rother)
Rcore=(1/μcore)×(lcore/Score)
Rmag=(1/μr)×(lmag/Smag)
Bmag=μr×μ0×Hmag
Φm=Hm/{(μ0×Hmag/Bmag)×(lmag/Smag)+(1/μcore)×(lcore/Score)+Rother}………(D)
ただし、Score:lcore部の断面積、Smag:lmag部の断面積、Bmag:lmag部の磁束密度、Hmag:lmag部の磁界、μcore:lcore部の透磁率[H/m]、μr:lmag部の透磁率(リコイル透磁率=磁気回路中での永久磁石がかけられる磁場に対する磁化され易さの目安)、μ0:真空の透磁率である。なお、或る動作点においてのRother、Hmは一定である。
Φm=Hm/{(μ0×Hmag/Bmag)×(lmag/Smag)+(1/μcore)×(lcore/Score)+Rother}
より、磁石磁束Φmが小さな値をとることになり、上述した式(C)
W∝kh×f×Φm 2+ke×f2×Φm2
より、損失Wが低減されることがわかる。なお、透磁率は、ヒステリシス特性の傾きなので、磁気飽和すると小さくなり、空心状態に近付き、自己インダクタンスは0にまではならないものの、小さくなる極限として短絡を考えれば、電流が増えることになる。
Φm=Hm/{(μ0×Hmag/Bmag)×(lmag/Smag)+(1/μcore)×(lcore/Score)+Rother}
より、磁石磁束Φmが大きな値をとることになり、上述した式(B)
T=Pn×{Φm+(Ld-Lq)×Id}×Iq
より、トルクTの低下が小さくなることがわかる。
2.4<lmag/lcore<10.0 …(A)
を満たすように構成されている。
2.4<lmag/lcore<10.0 …(A)
を満たすように構成されている。
2.4<lmag/lcore<10.0 …(A)
を満たすように構成されている。
2.4<lmag/lcore<10.0 …(A)
を満たすように構成されている。
11 回転シャフト
12 ロータ
12a ロータの外径部
13 ステータ
14 ステータコイル
17a,17b 永久磁石
17c,17d 縁部
20 支持部
21,25,26,28,30 空隙部
23 磁束
27 磁束の流れ方向
O 回転中心
lcore 所定距離(永久磁石から空隙部までの距離)
lmag 所定長さ(空隙部と永久磁石とのオーバーラップ幅)
Claims (5)
- 環状に形成されたステータコア及び該ステータコアに巻回されたステータコイルを有するステータと、該ステータの中心に位置して回転可能に配置された回転シャフトと、該回転シャフトに固設された状態で前記ステータ内に回転可能に配置されたロータと、該ロータの回転中心側から次第に狭まる逆V字状に沿うように配置される永久磁石と、を備えてなる回転電機において、
前記回転中心を中心として放射状に延びるように前記ロータに複数の支持部を設け、
前記複数の支持部にそれぞれ対応させて、
前記永久磁石と前記ステータとの間における磁束の流れ方向での前記永久磁石の縁部から所定距離離間した位置に、前記ステータコイルへの給電が低電流状態での低トルク発生時には磁気飽和を発生させ、かつ前記給電が高電流状態での最大トルク発生時には磁気飽和を発生させないようにし得る、所定長さの空隙部を形成してなる、
ことを特徴とする回転電機。 - 前記空隙部は、
前記ロータの周方向における前記永久磁石にそれぞれ対応する位置に切り欠き形成されてなる、
請求項1記載の回転電機。 - 前記空隙部は、
前記永久磁石にそれぞれ対応する位置における、前記ロータの外径部と前記支持部とが交わる部位にて、対応する前記永久磁石の傾斜方向に沿って延在するように切り欠き形成されてなる、
請求項2記載の回転電機。 - 前記空隙部は、
前記ロータの周方向における前記永久磁石にそれぞれ対応する位置において、対応する前記永久磁石の傾斜方向に沿って延在するように矩形状に貫通形成されてなる、
請求項1記載の回転電機。 - 前記空隙部の前記永久磁石の縁部からの前記所定距離を、前記永久磁石から前記空隙部までの距離lcoreとし、かつ、前記空隙部の該距離lcoreに対する垂直方向での前記所定長さを、前記空隙部と前記永久磁石とのオーバーラップ幅lmagとしたとき、lmag/lcoreが次式
2.4<lmag/lcore<10.0
を満たしてなる、
請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項記載の回転電機。
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