WO2011118659A1 - 静電チャック - Google Patents
静電チャック Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011118659A1 WO2011118659A1 PCT/JP2011/057040 JP2011057040W WO2011118659A1 WO 2011118659 A1 WO2011118659 A1 WO 2011118659A1 JP 2011057040 W JP2011057040 W JP 2011057040W WO 2011118659 A1 WO2011118659 A1 WO 2011118659A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- groove
- main surface
- electrostatic chuck
- ceramic dielectric
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/683—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/683—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping
- H01L21/6831—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using electrostatic chucks
- H01L21/6833—Details of electrostatic chucks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/15—Devices for holding work using magnetic or electric force acting directly on the work
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/683—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping
- H01L21/6831—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using electrostatic chucks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N13/00—Clutches or holding devices using electrostatic attraction, e.g. using Johnson-Rahbek effect
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T279/00—Chucks or sockets
- Y10T279/23—Chucks or sockets with magnetic or electrostatic means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrostatic chuck.
- an electrostatic chuck In a process of processing a substrate to be processed in a vacuum chamber, an electrostatic chuck is used as a means for holding and fixing the substrate to be processed.
- a voltage is applied to an electrode provided inside the electrostatic chuck, and the substrate to be processed is attracted to the main surface of the electrostatic chuck with an electrostatic force.
- the electrostatic chuck is required to rapidly heat or cool the substrate to be processed in one processing process as the processing process evolves.
- a Coulomb type electrostatic chuck In order to meet this requirement, a Coulomb type electrostatic chuck is used that has good response to attachment and detachment of the substrate to be processed and a small leak between electrodes in a wide temperature range. In contrast to the Coulomb type electrostatic chuck, there is a Johnsenlerbeck type electrostatic chuck. However, this electrostatic chuck has a large temperature dependence of the attachment / detachment response of the substrate to be processed and the inter-electrode leakage, and meets the above-mentioned requirements. There are cases where it cannot be answered.
- the electrostatic attracting force of the Coulomb electrostatic chuck is relatively weak compared to the electrostatic attracting force of the John Senlerbeck electrostatic chuck. Therefore, in order to develop a strong electrostatic attraction force in a Coulomb type electrostatic chuck, it is necessary to make the electrostatic chuck thin and to further increase the voltage applied to the electrodes. Therefore, it is necessary to improve insulation in the Coulomb type electrostatic chuck.
- an electrostatic chuck in which a large number of protrusions, radially extending grooves, and outer peripheral grooves are provided on the main surface of the electrostatic chuck is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- a comb-like electrode is provided below the main surface of the electrostatic chuck.
- the groove for supplying the heat transfer gas is disposed so as to overlap the electrode.
- the through hole is at the center of the electrostatic chuck and communicates with the radially extending grooves.
- the radially extending grooves communicate with the outer peripheral grooves.
- a structure in which a groove is provided between electrodes is disclosed as a means for improving insulation between electrodes (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- a ceramic substrate a ceramic dielectric provided on an upper side of the ceramic substrate and having a first main surface on which a substrate to be processed is placed, and between the ceramic substrate and the ceramic dielectric.
- An electrode provided, and a material of the ceramic dielectric is a ceramic sintered body, a plurality of protrusions and grooves for supplying gas on the first main surface of the ceramic dielectric, A through-hole penetrating to the second main surface of the ceramic substrate opposite to the first main surface is provided on the bottom surface of the groove, and the distance between the electrode and the groove is In the electrostatic chuck, the distance between the electrode and the first main surface is equal to or greater than the distance.
- a distance between the electrode and the groove is a first distance.
- a distance between the electrode and the first main surface is a second distance.
- the first distance is defined as the shortest distance in the straight line connecting the electrode and the groove.
- the first distance is the intersection of the end portion of the electrode on the groove side and the side surface and bottom surface of the groove Defined by the distance of the straight line connecting
- the first distance is the same depth as the electrode from the end of the electrode on the groove side. It is defined by the distance to the side of the groove.
- the second distance is defined by the distance between the main surface of the electrode and the first main surface of the ceramic dielectric.
- the first distance is simply referred to as “distance between the electrode and the groove”, and the second distance is simply referred to as “distance between the electrode and the first main surface”. It may be explained.
- the first distance between the electrode and the groove becomes smaller than the second distance. Therefore, when the heat transfer gas is introduced into the groove, the heat transfer gas may be discharged in the groove. In this case, the inside of the groove may become conductive due to the pressure of the heat transfer gas, and insulation between the groove and the electrode to which a high voltage is applied may not be maintained. Eventually, dielectric breakdown may occur between the groove and the electrode. Similarly, in the structure in which the groove is provided between the electrodes, the distance between the groove and the electrode is shortened, and eventually, dielectric breakdown may occur between the groove and the electrode.
- the distance between the electrode and the groove is set as the distance between the electrode and the first main surface of the ceramic dielectric, that is, the second distance. Same or larger than Therefore, even if the heat transfer gas is introduced into the groove and the heat transfer gas has a conductive gas pressure, high insulation between the groove and the electrode is maintained.
- the pressure of the heat transfer gas becomes uniform. Furthermore, unevenness in the in-plane temperature distribution of the ceramic dielectric hardly occurs, and the in-plane temperature distribution of the substrate to be processed becomes uniform. Furthermore, by making the ceramic dielectric a ceramic sintered body, the insulation of each part of the ceramic dielectric becomes uniform, and the reliability of the electrostatic chuck is improved.
- the electrode includes at least one pair of bipolar electrodes, and one electrode and the other electrode of the bipolar electrode can be applied with voltages having different polarities, The one electrode and the other electrode are disposed apart from each other, and the groove is disposed between the one electrode and the other electrode. .
- the first distance between the electrode and the groove is equal to or greater than the second distance between the electrode and the first major surface of the ceramic dielectric. can do.
- channel can be made higher than the insulation between an electrode and the 1st main surface of a ceramic dielectric material.
- the electrode includes a plurality of electrode elements, and a voltage having the same polarity can be applied to each of the plurality of electrode elements, and each of the plurality of electrode elements Are spaced apart from each other, and the groove is disposed between the plurality of spaced apart electrode elements.
- the first distance between the electrode and the groove is equal to or greater than the second distance between the electrode and the first major surface of the ceramic dielectric. be able to.
- channel can be made higher than the insulation between an electrode and the 1st main surface of a ceramic dielectric material.
- voltages having the same polarity are applied to each of the electrodes, when plasma processing is performed on the substrate to be processed, so-called potential unevenness within the surface of the substrate to be processed is less likely to occur.
- the depth from the first main surface to the bottom surface of the groove is the same as or smaller than the depth from the first main surface to the main surface of the electrode.
- the depth from the first main surface of the ceramic dielectric to the bottom surface of the groove is the same as or smaller than the depth from the first main surface of the ceramic dielectric to the main surface of the electrode.
- the distance of 1 becomes longer, and the insulation between the electrode and the groove is improved.
- the cumulative value of the processing load is smaller as the groove depth is reduced. Therefore, microcracks (microdefects) hardly occur on the bottom surface of the groove. This makes it difficult to form a current leak path through the microcrack.
- the fifth invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, a depth from the first main surface to a bottom surface of the groove is smaller than a width of the groove.
- the groove processing depth can be reduced. Thereby, even if the groove is processed by grinding or sand blasting, the groove depth is less likely to vary. Furthermore, the conductance of the heat transfer gas in the groove becomes closer to constant, and the gas distribution rate becomes more uniform.
- the sixth invention is characterized in that, in the fifth invention, a gradually shallow portion in which the depth of the groove gradually decreases toward the end of the groove is provided in the end region of the groove.
- the substrate to be treated which is an object to be adsorbed
- the side surface and the bottom surface of the groove intersect linearly. If this is the case, the crossing point becomes a singular point (a point where the electric field concentrates), and discharge breakdown is likely to occur between the groove and the electrode.
- the groove end portion is provided with a gradually shallower portion where the depth of the groove gradually decreases, the singularity is eliminated inside the groove, and the occurrence of discharge is suppressed, Discharge breakdown is less likely to occur.
- a seventh invention is characterized in that, in the fifth invention, the ceramic dielectric has a volume resistivity at room temperature of 1 ⁇ 10 14 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more. That is, the above-described electrode and groove can be disposed on the Coulomb-type electrostatic chuck.
- An eighth invention is characterized in that, in the fifth invention, the thickness of the ceramic substrate is larger than the thickness of the ceramic dielectric. By making the thickness of the ceramic substrate larger than the thickness of the ceramic dielectric, warping of the ceramic dielectric is suppressed.
- an electrostatic chuck capable of rapidly heating and cooling a substrate to be processed and maintaining high insulation is realized.
- FIG. (A) is a fragmentary sectional view of the electrostatic chuck, (b) is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by A in (a), (c) is a part of (b), FIG. It is a principal part figure of the planar shape of an electrode, (a) is a top view of a 1st electrode, (b) is a top view of a 2nd electrode, (c) is a 3rd electrode
- FIG. is principal part sectional drawing which concerns on the modification of an electrostatic chuck
- (b) is an enlarged view of the part enclosed by A of (a).
- (A) is principal part sectional drawing which concerns on another modification of an electrostatic chuck, (b) is a one part enlarged view of (a). It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram around the groove
- the ceramic dielectric is a stage for placing a substrate to be processed.
- a ceramic substrate also referred to as a support substrate or an intermediate substrate
- the material is a ceramic sintered body, and each thickness is designed to be uniform.
- the material of the ceramic dielectric is preferably such that the coulomb-type electrostatic chuck operates in the temperature range where the electrostatic chuck is used, and the insulation within the ceramic dielectric is uniform.
- the ceramic sintered body is suitable for the material. Furthermore, the ceramic sintered body is hardly damaged even when the electrostatic chuck is used for a long time, and is excellent in durability such as corrosion. Examples of the ceramic sintered body include an alumina sintered body, an aluminum nitride sintered body, and a sapphire sintered body.
- the material of the ceramic substrate is preferably a material that can support the ceramic dielectric reliably and has a uniform insulation in the ceramic substrate.
- the ceramic dielectric and the electrode can be sintered integrally, and high insulation can be ensured.
- the electrostatic chuck in which the ceramic dielectric and the ceramic substrate are separately sintered and bonded and integrated, by selecting the ceramic sintered body, there is little influence of firing shrinkage of the electrode shape, The desired electrode shape is obtained.
- the distance between the substrate to be processed and the temperature control plate can be shortened, and the efficiency of heat conduction is improved.
- the thermal spraying of the inorganic material on the main surface of the temperature control plate to increase the insulation reliability between the electrode and the temperature control plate can achieve both the efficiency of heat conduction and the insulation reliability.
- the flatness of the main surface of the ceramic substrate and the ceramic dielectric is designed within a predetermined range. If each thickness is uniform or the flatness of each main surface is ensured, it is difficult to apply local stress to the ceramic substrate and the ceramic dielectric during hot press curing.
- the diameter of the ceramic substrate is about 300 mm, and the thickness is about 2 to 3 mm.
- the ceramic dielectric has a diameter of about 300 mm and a thickness of about 1 mm.
- the flatness of the ceramic substrate and the ceramic dielectric is 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness variation of the ceramic substrate and the ceramic dielectric is 20 ⁇ m or less. Further, regarding variations in flatness and thickness of the ceramic substrate and the ceramic dielectric, it is more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the electrode is an electrode for applying an electrostatic force to the ceramic dielectric.
- the electrode is built in the electrostatic chuck.
- the electrode is printed with a high melting point metal paste such as tungsten (W) or molybdenum (Mo) on a green sheet which is a material of the ceramic dielectric and the ceramic substrate. It is formed by sintering a green sheet.
- the electrode is formed in advance on the ceramic dielectric side, and the ceramic substrate and the ceramic dielectric are bonded together so as to sandwich the electrode. Formed with.
- the electrodes are formed by forming a refractory metal film such as tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), titanium carbide (TiC) on the main surface of the ceramic dielectric by screen printing, PVD, CVD, etc.
- a mask pattern is formed by a resist method, and pattern processing is performed by a sandblast method or the like.
- the film formation is performed by, for example, a CVD method.
- the thickness of the refractory metal film is 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the groove is a gas groove for supplying a heat transfer gas (helium (He), nitrogen (N 2 ), argon (Ar), etc.) between the ceramic dielectric and the substrate to be processed.
- the groove is disposed between the electrodes.
- the groove is formed by covering the main surface of the ceramic dielectric with a resist, removing the resist at a position where the groove is disposed, and processing the ceramic dielectric exposed from the resist by a sandblast method.
- the protrusions are columnar protrusions for forming a gap between the main surface of the substrate to be processed and the ceramic dielectric when electrostatically attracting the substrate to be processed on the ceramic dielectric. By generating this space, the heat transfer gas can be efficiently supplied between the substrate to be processed and the main surface of the ceramic dielectric. Further, a ring-shaped protrusion for preventing the heat transfer gas from flowing out may be provided on the outer periphery of the main surface of the ceramic dielectric.
- the shape of the protrusion it is desirable to make the area of the top surface smaller in order to suppress the generation of particles from the back side of the substrate to be processed.
- the diameter of the top surface is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.
- the height from the main surface of the ceramic dielectric to the top surface of the protrusion is designed so that the conductance of the heat transfer gas can be kept moderate and the pressure of the heat transfer gas is in the molecular flow region. It is desirable that Thereby, the heat transfer rate of the heat transfer gas is controlled by the pressure.
- the height from the main surface of the ceramic dielectric to the top surface of the protrusion is 3 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
- the width of the ring-shaped protrusion is set to a value that can prevent the heat transfer gas from leaking and set the heat transfer with the substrate to be processed to a target value.
- the width of the ring-shaped protrusion is set to 0.3 mm to 0.6 mm.
- the width of the ring-shaped protrusion is set to 1 mm to 3 mm when it is desired to increase heat transfer.
- the height of the ring-shaped protrusion is made to coincide with the height of the protrusion.
- the through hole is a hole for introducing the heat transfer gas into the groove.
- the through-holes are processed and sintered after the green sheets as raw materials thereof are laminated.
- shrinkage for example, positional deviation
- an electrostatic chuck is formed with a ceramic dielectric and a ceramic substrate sandwiched therebetween, an electrode is previously formed on the ceramic dielectric side, so that the electrode shape is not affected by shrinkage due to sintering. Therefore, after bonding the ceramic dielectric and the ceramic substrate, a through hole can be provided at a predetermined position by grinding.
- the temperature control plate is a plate for cooling or heating the ceramic plate. For this reason, a medium path through which a refrigerant or a heating medium flows is provided inside the temperature control plate.
- the refrigerant or the heating medium is connected to the chiller machine through a pipe.
- the material of the temperature control plate is preferably a material that does not cause contamination, dust generation, or the like in the processing process of the substrate to be processed.
- the material includes metals such as stainless steel, aluminum and titanium, alloys thereof, and composite materials obtained by dispersing and mixing metals and ceramics. Specifically, it is aluminum A6061 material.
- an insulating film may be formed on the surface of the temperature control plate to ensure electrical insulation between the heater and the temperature control plate.
- An example of the insulating film is an alumina sprayed film. Alumina spraying is easy to process and can be manufactured at low cost.
- the surface of the temperature control plate may be anodized (registered trademark). By performing the alumite sealing treatment, the reliability of electrical insulation can be further improved.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the electrostatic chuck
- FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by A in FIG. 1A
- FIG. It is the figure which expanded a part (groove 22 vicinity) of 1 (b) further.
- FIG. 1B the vicinity of the center and the periphery of FIG.
- the ceramic substrate 10 In the electrostatic chuck 1, the ceramic substrate 10, the ceramic dielectric 20 provided on the upper side of the ceramic substrate 10, and the target substrate 50 placed on the first main surface 20 s, the ceramic substrate 10 and the ceramic dielectric 20. And an electrode 30 provided between the two electrodes.
- the material of the ceramic dielectric 20 is a ceramic sintered body, and a plurality of protrusions 21 are provided on the first main surface (surface side) 20 s of the ceramic dielectric 20.
- the first main surface 20s is provided with at least one groove 22 for supplying a heat transfer gas between the first main surface 20s and the substrate 50 to be processed.
- the bottom surface 22b of the groove 22 is provided with at least one through hole 23 that penetrates to the second main surface (back surface side) 10s of the ceramic substrate 10 opposite to the first main surface 20s.
- the first distance d1 between the electrode 30 and the groove 22 is the same as or larger than the second distance d2 between the electrode 30 and the first major surface 20s of the ceramic dielectric 20.
- a ring-shaped protrusion 24 is provided on the outer periphery of the ceramic dielectric 20.
- a temperature control plate 40 is provided below the ceramic substrate 10.
- the ceramic substrate 10, the ceramic dielectric 20, and the electrode 30 are integrally sintered.
- the ceramic substrate 10 and the ceramic dielectric 20 are, for example, alumina sintered bodies.
- the first distance d1 is defined as the shortest distance on the straight line connecting the electrode 30 and the groove 22.
- the first distance d1 is equal to the end 30e of the electrode 30 on the groove 22 side.
- the second distance d2 is a distance between the first main surface 20s of the ceramic dielectric 20 and the main surface 30s (upper surface) of the electrode 30.
- the first distance d1 is The distance from the end 30e of the electrode 30 on the groove 22 side to the side surface 22w of the groove 22 having the same depth as the electrode 30 is defined.
- the distance between the first main surface 20s and the substrate to be processed 50 is adjusted so that the gas pressure is in the molecular flow region.
- the gas pressure and the heat transfer coefficient of the heat transfer gas have a proportional relationship.
- the discharge start voltage in the groove 22 is defined by Paschen's law (Paschen curve). For example, when the applied voltage is higher than the discharge start voltage in the product of the pressure of the heat transfer gas and the first distance d1, the heat transfer gas may be discharged in the groove 22.
- the first distance becomes smaller than the second distance.
- the heat transfer gas may be discharged in the groove 22.
- the inside of the groove 22 becomes conductive due to the pressure of the heat transfer gas, and the insulation between the groove 22 and the electrode 30 to which a high voltage is applied may not be maintained.
- dielectric breakdown may occur between the groove 22 and the electrode 30.
- the groove 22 does not overlap on the electrode 30, and the first distance d1 is the same as or larger than the second distance d2. Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is difficult to cause discharge of the heat transfer gas in the groove 22 even if the heat transfer gas is introduced into the groove 22 by deviating from Paschen's law. Accordingly, the groove 22 is not electrically conductive by the pressure of the heat transfer gas, and high insulation between the groove 22 and the electrode 30 is maintained.
- the withstand voltage strength of the ceramic dielectric is improved by increasing the physical distance between the groove 22 and the electrode 30 which is the internal electrode. Insulation breakdown is suppressed.
- the physical distance between the groove 22 and the electrode 30 is further increased, and a singular point (a point where the electric field concentrates). Is less likely to occur. For this reason, dielectric breakdown is further suppressed.
- the pressure of the heat transfer gas becomes uniform, and the in-plane temperature distribution of the ceramic dielectric 20 is uneven. It becomes difficult and the in-plane temperature distribution of the substrate to be processed becomes uniform.
- the outer diameter of each of the ceramic substrate 10 and the ceramic dielectric 20 is 300 mm, and the total thickness of the ceramic substrate 10 and the ceramic dielectric 20 is 1 mm.
- the second distance d2 between the first main surface 20s of the ceramic dielectric 20 and the main surface 30s of the electrode 30 is 0.3 mm.
- the distance between the opposing electrodes 30 is 3.0 mm.
- the width of the groove 22 is 1.0 mm.
- the depth of the groove 22 is 0.1 mm.
- the groove 22 is disposed at the center between the opposing electrodes 30.
- the first distance d1 between the groove 22 and the end 30e of the electrode 30 on the groove 22 side is 1.020 mm from the square root of ((1 mm) 2 + (0.2 mm) 2 ).
- the volume resistivity of the ceramic dielectric 20 at room temperature is 1 ⁇ 10 14 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more. That is, the electrostatic chuck 1 is a Coulomb electrostatic chuck.
- the thickness of the ceramic substrate 10 is thicker than the thickness of the ceramic dielectric 20. By making the thickness of the ceramic substrate 10 larger than the thickness of the ceramic dielectric 20, warping of the ceramic dielectric 20 is suppressed.
- the depth from the first main surface 20 s of the ceramic dielectric 20 to the bottom surface 22 b of the groove 22 is the same as the depth from the first main surface 20 s to the main surface 30 s of the electrode 30. Or small.
- the depth from the first main surface 20s of the ceramic dielectric 20 to the bottom surface 22b of the groove 22 is the same as or smaller than the depth from the first main surface 20s of the ceramic dielectric 20 to the main surface 30s of the electrode 30,
- the first distance d1 between the electrode 30 and the groove 22 is increased, and the insulation between the electrode 30 and the groove 22 is improved.
- the cumulative value of the processing load is smaller as the depth of the groove 22 is reduced. Therefore, microcracks are unlikely to occur on the bottom surface 22 b of the groove 22. This makes it difficult to form a current leak path through the microcrack.
- the depth from the first main surface 20 s to the bottom surface 22 b of the groove 22 is smaller than the width of the groove 22.
- the width of the groove 22 refers to the width of the groove when the groove 22 is cut perpendicular to the direction in which the groove 22 extends.
- the groove processing depth can be reduced. Thereby, even if the groove 22 is processed by grinding or sand blasting, the groove depth is less likely to vary. Furthermore, the conductance of the heat transfer gas in the groove 22 becomes more constant, and the gas distribution speed becomes more uniform.
- the ceramic substrate 10 and the ceramic dielectric 20 are formed by the following manufacturing process.
- an acrylic binder is added to an alumina raw material powder having an average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m and a purity of 99.99% or more, and then granulated with a spray dryer to produce granule powder.
- CIP rubber press
- press molding it is processed into a predetermined shape and fired in an air atmosphere at 1250 to 1450 ° C.
- HIP processing hot isostatic pressing
- the HIP condition is that Ar gas is 1000 atm or more and the temperature is 1250 to 1450 ° C. which is the same as the firing temperature.
- the particles are extremely dense, the average particle diameter of the constituent particles is 2 ⁇ m or less, the volume resistivity is 1 ⁇ 10 14 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more at 20 ⁇ 3 ° C., the density is 99% or more, and the thermal conductivity.
- the ceramic substrate 10 and the ceramic dielectric 20 having a power of 30 W / mK or more and a withstand voltage of 20 kV or more (when 1 mm thick) are obtained. Furthermore, by using the ceramic substrate 10 and the ceramic dielectric 20 as ceramic sintered bodies, the insulation of each part of the ceramic dielectric becomes uniform, and the reliability of the electrostatic chuck 1 is improved.
- the ceramic substrate 10 and the temperature control plate 40 are bonded with a silicone adhesive.
- the silicone adhesive according to the present embodiment is a two-component addition type. Therefore, even if the silicone adhesive is cured, the generation of gas is small. Moreover, since it hardens
- the silicone adhesive according to the present embodiment, ceramic amorphous fillers are mixed and dispersed. Thereby, the silicone adhesive has a high thermal conductivity.
- spherical fillers are mixed and dispersed in the silicone adhesive to keep the thickness constant.
- the average diameter of the spherical filler is set to be larger than the maximum value of the short diameter of the amorphous filler.
- a silicone adhesive in which an amorphous filler and a spherical filler are mixed and dispersed is applied to the bonding surfaces of the ceramic substrate 10 and the temperature control plate, placed in a vacuum chamber, and bonded together with a defoaming process.
- the ceramic dielectric and the temperature control plate are taken out into the atmosphere and temporarily cured while controlling the thickness of the silicone adhesive with a hot press machine. After hot pressing, the excess silicone adhesive that protrudes is removed, placed in an oven, and completely cured by heating.
- the first main surface 20s of the ceramic dielectric 20 is ground and lapped, polished, or the like. Thereby, the surface roughness of the adsorption surface is adjusted. Thereafter, a portion other than the pattern of the groove 22 is masked by a photoresist method, and the groove 22 is processed to a specified depth by sandblasting. Next, the portions where the protrusions 21 and the ring-shaped protrusions 24 are formed are masked by a photoresist method, and the protrusions 21 and the ring-shaped protrusions 24 are formed by sandblasting.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the main part of the planar shape of the electrode, (a) is a plan view of the first electrode, (b) is a plan view of the second electrode, and (c) is It is a top view of the 3rd electrode.
- FIG. 2 is a view of the electrostatic chuck 1 as viewed from a direction perpendicular to the first main surface 20 s of the ceramic dielectric 20.
- the electrode 30 shown in FIG. 2A has at least one pair of electrodes.
- the two semicircular electrodes 30a and 30b are arranged to face each other.
- the groove 22 provided in the center of the electrostatic chuck 1 is provided between the electrode 30a and the electrode 30b.
- the end portions 30e of the electrodes 30a and 30b are drawn from the side surface 22w of the groove 22 toward the inside of the electrodes 30a and 30b at all locations. That is, when the electrostatic chuck 1 is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the first main surface 20 s of the ceramic dielectric 20, a certain distance is provided between the end portions 30 e of the electrodes 30 a and 30 b and the side surface 22 w of the groove 22. It has been.
- the electrodes 30a and 30b are a pair of bipolar electrodes
- voltages having different polarities can be applied to one electrode 30a and the other electrode 30b of the bipolar electrode.
- One electrode 30a and the other electrode 30b are separated from each other.
- the groove 22 is disposed between one electrode 30a and the other electrode 30b.
- the first distance d1 described above is the second distance d2 between the main surfaces of the electrodes 30a and 30b and the first main surface 20s of the ceramic dielectric 20.
- the insulation between the electrode 30 and the groove 22 can be made higher than the insulation between the electrode 30 and the first main surface 20 s of the ceramic dielectric 20.
- a voltage having the same polarity can be applied to each of the electrodes (electrode elements) 30a and 30b.
- the same polarity voltage is applied to each of the electrodes 30a and 30b. Therefore, when plasma processing is performed on the substrate to be processed 50, so-called uneven potential in the surface of the substrate to be processed 50 hardly occurs. Become.
- a ring-shaped electrode 30r may be provided at a position on the outer periphery of the ceramic dielectric 20. Thereby, the so-called potential unevenness within the surface of the substrate to be processed 50 is less likely to occur.
- the electrode 30 shown in FIG. 2C is obtained by further dividing two semicircular electrodes 30a and 30b into two.
- a positive polarity voltage is applied to the set of the electrode 30aa and the electrode 30bb
- a negative polarity voltage is applied to the set of the electrode 30ab and the electrode 30ba.
- electrode shapes are also included in the present embodiment.
- channel 22 is not restricted to the shape of these Examples.
- the electrode may have an arbitrary shape such as a comb-like shape, a concentric circle shape, or a letter “C” letter of the alphabet.
- the groove 22 is disposed between the electrodes.
- FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of a main part according to a modification of the electrostatic chuck
- FIG. 3B is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by A in FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 3B the vicinity and the periphery of the central portion of FIG.
- the basic configuration of the electrostatic chuck 2 shown in FIG. 3 is the same as that of the electrostatic chuck 1.
- the first distance d1 of the electrostatic chuck 2 is shorter than the first distance d1 of the electrostatic chuck 1.
- the first distance d1 is equal to or larger than the second distance d2.
- the outer diameter of each of the ceramic substrate 10 and the ceramic dielectric 20 is 300 mm, and the total thickness of the ceramic substrate 10 and the ceramic dielectric 20 is 1 mm.
- a second distance d2 between the first main surface of the ceramic dielectric 20 and the main surface 30s of the electrode 30 is 0.3 mm.
- the distance between the opposing electrodes 30 is 2.0 mm.
- the width of the groove 22 is 1.0 mm.
- the depth of the groove 22 is 0.1 mm.
- the groove 22 is disposed at the center between the opposing electrodes 30. Accordingly, the first distance d1 between the groove 22 and the end 30e of the electrode 30 on the groove 22 side is 0.539 mm, which is the square root of (0.5 mm) 2 + (0.2 mm) 2 .
- the electrostatic chuck 2 is formed by individually sintering the ceramic dielectric 20 and the ceramic substrate 10 and bonding them together.
- the electrode 30 is formed in advance on the ceramic dielectric 20 side, and the ceramic substrate 10 and the ceramic dielectric 20 are integrally bonded so as to sandwich the electrode 30. Therefore, the electrode 30 is formed after the ceramic substrate 10 and the ceramic dielectric 20 are sintered. Therefore, the electrode 30 is hardly affected by firing shrinkage, and a desired pattern can be obtained.
- the same effect as the electrostatic chuck 1 can be obtained. Further, since the area of the electrode 30 of the electrostatic chuck 2 is larger than the area of the electrode 30 of the electrostatic chuck 1, a higher electrostatic force can be obtained.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of an electrostatic chuck according to a comparative example.
- the outer diameter of each of the ceramic substrate 10 and the ceramic dielectric 20 is 300 mm, and the total thickness of the ceramic substrate 10 and the ceramic dielectric 20 is 1 mm.
- a second distance d2 between the first main surface of the ceramic dielectric 20 and the main surface 30s of the electrode 30 is 0.3 mm.
- the distance between the opposing electrodes 30 is 1.4 mm.
- the width of the groove 22 is 1.0 mm.
- the depth of the groove 22 is 0.3 mm.
- the groove 22 is disposed at the center between the opposing electrodes 30. Accordingly, the first distance d1 between the groove 22 and the end 30e of the electrode 30 on the groove 22 side is 0.2 mm.
- the first distance d 1 between the electrode 30 and the groove 22 is smaller than the second distance d 2 between the electrode 30 and the first main surface 20 s of the ceramic dielectric 20. . That is, the electrostatic chuck 100 has a configuration in which the end 30 e of the electrode 30 is closer to the side surface 22 w of the groove 22 than the electrostatic chucks 1 and 2. Therefore, when a high voltage is applied to the electrode 30, dielectric breakdown may occur between the end 30 e of the electrode 30 and the side surface 22 w of the groove 22.
- the electrode 30 is located immediately below. That is, the groove 25 and the electrode 30 overlap. In such a case, dielectric breakdown may occur between the bottom surface 25 b of the groove 25 and the main surface 30 s of the electrode 30.
- the electrostatic chucks 1 and 2 have a structure in which dielectric breakdown is unlikely to occur.
- the electrostatic chucks 1 and 2 include a temperature control plate 40, and a heat transfer gas is supplied between the substrate to be processed 50 and the first main surface 20 s of the ceramic dielectric 20. Therefore, if the electrostatic chucks 1 and 2 are used, the substrate to be processed 50 can be rapidly heated and cooled.
- FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of a main part according to another modified example of the electrostatic chuck, and is an enlarged view of a part of FIGS. 5B and 5A.
- a gradually shallow portion 22 r in which the depth of the groove 22 gradually decreases toward the end of the groove 22 is provided in the end region of the groove 22.
- FIG. 5 shows a continuous curved surface as an example of the gradual reduction portion 22r.
- the side surface 22 w and the bottom surface 22 b intersect with a continuous curved surface.
- Such a continuous curved surface can be formed by sandblasting, for example.
- the dimension of R (R dimension) is 0.5 times or more the depth d3 of the groove 22, and the width d4 of the groove 22 It is desirable that it is 0.5 times or less.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view around the groove of the electrostatic chuck.
- the curved surface of the gradually shallow portion 22r is an arc having a radius r
- the radius r of the arc in contact with the upper end edge 22e of the groove 22 and the center 22c of the bottom surface 22b of the groove 22 is defined as the upper limit value of the R dimension. To do.
- an example of the width d4 of the groove 22 is 0.5 mm to 1 mm, and an example of the depth d3 of the groove 22 is 0.1 mm.
- Electrostatic chuck 10 Ceramic substrate 10s Second main surface 20 Ceramic dielectric 20s First main surface 21 Protruding portion 22, 25 Groove 22b, 25b Bottom surface 22r Ascending portion 22w Side surface 23 Through hole 24 Ring-shaped protrusion 30 , 30a, 30b, 30r Electrode 30e End 30s Main surface 40 Temperature control plate 50 Substrate d1 First distance d2 Second distance
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Abstract
Description
本発明の課題は、被処理基板の急速な加熱冷却が可能で、高い絶縁性を維持する静電チャックを提供することにある。
第1の距離は、電極と溝とを結ぶ直線において最短の距離で定義される。
例えば、セラミック誘電体の第1主面からの溝の底面の深さが電極の主面より浅い場合、第1の距離は、電極の溝側の端部と、溝の側面と底面との交点とを結ぶ直線の距離で定義される。
また、セラミック誘電体の第1主面からの溝の底面の深さが電極の主面と同じか、もしくは深い場合、第1の距離は、電極の溝側の端部から、電極と同じ深さの溝の側面までの距離で定義される。
以下、第1の距離を、単に、「電極と溝との間の距離」、第2の距離を、単に、「電極と第1主面との間の距離」、と称して、本発明を説明する場合もある。
また、溝を研削もしくはサンドブラストにより加工する場合、溝の深さを浅めに加工するほど、加工負荷の累積値も小さい。従って、溝の底面にマイクロクラック(微小欠陥)が発生し難い。これにより、マイクロクラックを通じての電流リークパスが形成され難くなる。
すなわち、クーロン型静電チャックに上述した電極と、溝とを配置することができる。
セラミック基板の厚みをセラミック誘電体の厚みよりも大きくすることにより、セラミック誘電体のそりが抑制される。
(セラミック基板、セラミック誘電体)
セラミック誘電体とは、被処理基板を載置するためのステージである。セラミック基板(支持基板、中間基板とも称する。)とは、セラミック誘電体を支持するステージである。セラミック基板およびセラミック誘電体においては、その材質がセラミック焼結体であり、それぞれの厚さが均一に設計されている。
電極とは、セラミック誘電体に静電力を与えるための電極である。電極は、静電チャック内に内蔵されている。セラミック誘電体とセラミック基板とを一体焼結する場合、電極は、セラミック誘電体およびセラミック基板の材料であるグリーンシートに、タングステン(W)、モリブデン(Mo)等の高融点金属ペーストを印刷し、グリーンシートを焼結することにより形成される。
溝は、セラミック誘電体と被処理基板との間に伝熱用ガス(ヘリウム(He)、窒素(N2)、アルゴン(Ar)等)を供給するためのガス溝である。溝は、電極間に配置される。溝は、セラミック誘電体の主面をレジストで覆い、溝を配置する位置のレジストを除去し、サンドブラスト法でレジストから露出したセラミック誘電体を加工して形成される。
突起部とは、セラミック誘電体上に、被処理基板を静電吸着する際、被処理基板とセラミック誘電体の主面間に空隙を形成するための柱状の突起である。この空間が生成することにより、被処理基板とセラミック誘電体の主面間に効率よく伝熱用ガスを供給できる。また、セラミック誘電体の主面の外周に、伝熱用ガスの流出を防止するリング状突起を設けてもよい。
貫通孔は、伝熱用ガスを溝へ導入するための孔である。セラミック誘電体とセラミック基板とを一体焼結する場合、それらの原料であるグリーンシートを積層した後に、貫通孔の加工を行い、焼結して形成する。この方法によれば、電極と貫通孔との位置関係において、焼結による収縮の影響(例えば、位置ずれ)を受けずに済む。
一方、セラミック誘電体とセラミック基板とを挟んで静電チャックを形成する場合、セラミック誘電体側に予め電極を形成するので、電極形状に焼結による収縮の影響が出ない。従って、セラミック誘電体とセラミック基板とを接着した後に、研削加工で所定の位置に貫通孔を設けることができる。
温調プレートとは、セラミック板を冷却または加熱するためのプレートである。このため、温調プレートの内部には、冷媒または温媒を流す媒体経路が設けられている。冷媒または温媒は、チラー機と配管を通じて接続されている。
温調プレートの材質は、被処理基板の処理プロセスにおいて、汚染、発塵等を起こさない材質であることが好ましい。例えば、その材質として、ステンレス、アルミニウム、チタン等の金属、これらの合金、金属とセラミックを分散混合させたコンポジット材料が該当する。具体的には、アルミニウムA6061材である。
図1(a)は、静電チャックの要部断面図であり、図1(b)は、図1(a)のAで囲んだ部分の拡大図であり、図1(c)は、図1(b)の一部(溝22付近)をさらに、拡大した図である。図1(b)には、(a)の中心部付近および周辺が併せて表示されている。
例えば、セラミック誘電体20の第1主面20sからの溝22の底面22bの深さが電極30の主面30sより浅い場合、第1の距離d1は、電極30の溝22側の端部30eと、溝22の側面22wと底面22bとがなす交点とを結ぶ直線の距離で定義される。
セラミック基板10およびセラミック誘電体20は、以下の製造過程により形成される。例えば、平均粒子径0.1μm、純度99.99%以上のアルミナ原料粉末に、アクリル系バインダーを添加した後、スプレードライヤーで粒状にし、顆粒粉を作製する。その後、CIP(ラバープレス)またはプレス成形後、所定の形状に加工し、1250~1450℃の大気雰囲気下で焼成する。
図2は、電極の平面形状の要部図であり、(a)は、第1の電極の平面図であり、(b)は、第2の電極の平面図であり、(c)は、第3の電極の平面図である。図2は、静電チャック1をセラミック誘電体20の第1主面20sに対して垂直の方向からみた図である。
図3に示す静電チャック2においては、その基本構成を静電チャック1と同じとしている。静電チャック2においては、静電チャック2の第1の距離d1について、静電チャック1の第1の距離d1よりも短くしている。ただし、静電チャック2においても、第1の距離d1が第2の距離d2と同じか、もしくは大きい条件は満たされている。
図4は、比較例に係る静電チャックの要部断面図である。
静電チャック100においては、セラミック基板10、セラミック誘電体20のそれぞれの外径は、300mmであり、セラミック基板10およびセラミック誘電体20の総厚さは、1mmである。セラミック誘電体20の第1主面と電極30の主面30sとの間の第2の距離d2は、0.3mmである。対向する電極30間の距離は、1.4mmである。溝22の幅は、1.0mmである。また、溝22の深さは、0.3mmである。溝22は、対向する電極30間の中心に配置されている。従って、溝22と電極30の溝22側の端部30eとの間の第1の距離d1は、0.2mmになる。
また、R寸法については、以下の図6に示す寸法を上限としてもよい。
漸浅部22rの曲面が半径rの円弧であると仮定したときに、溝22の上端縁22eと、溝22の底面22bの中心22cと、に接する円弧の半径rをR寸法の上限値とする。
(R寸法の上限値)≦(1/2)・d3+d42/(8・d3)
としてもよい。
また、前述した各実施の形態が備える各要素は、技術的に可能な限りにおいて組み合わせたり、複合したりすることができ、これらを組み合わせたものも本発明の特徴を含む限り本発明の範囲に包含される。
10 セラミック基板
10s 第2主面
20 セラミック誘電体
20s 第1主面
21 突起部
22、25 溝
22b、25b 底面
22r 漸浅部
22w 側面
23 貫通孔
24 リング状突起
30、30a、30b、30r 電極
30e 端部
30s 主面
40 温調プレート
50 被処理基板
d1 第1の距離
d2 第2の距離
Claims (8)
- セラミック基板と、
前記セラミック基板の上側に設けられ、被処理基板が載置される第1主面を有するセラミック誘電体と、
前記セラミック基板と前記セラミック誘電体との間に設けられた電極と、
を備え、
前記セラミック誘電体の材質は、セラミック焼結体であり、
前記セラミック誘電体の前記第1主面には、複数の突起部と、ガスを供給する溝と、が設けられ、
前記溝の底面には、前記第1主面とは反対側の前記セラミック基板の第2主面まで貫通する貫通孔が設けられ、
前記電極と前記溝との間の距離は、前記電極と前記第1主面との間の距離と同じか、もしくは大きいことを特徴とする静電チャック。 - 前記電極は、少なくとも1対の双極電極を含み、
前記双極電極の一方の電極と他方の電極とは、互いに異なる極性の電圧を印加可能とされ、
前記一方の電極と、前記他方の電極と、は、離間して配設され、
前記溝は、前記一方の電極と、前記他方の電極と、の間に配設されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の静電チャック。 - 前記電極は、複数の電極要素を含み、
前記複数の電極要素のそれぞれには、同一の極性の電圧が印加可能とされ、
前記複数の電極要素のそれぞれは、互いに離間して配設され、
前記溝は、離間した前記複数の電極要素の間に配設されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の静電チャック。 - 前記第1主面から前記溝の底面までの深さは、前記第1主面から前記電極の主面までの深さと同じか、もしくは小さいこと特徴とする請求項1記載の静電チャック。
- 前記第1主面から前記溝の底面までの深さは、前記溝の幅よりも小さいことを特徴とする請求項1記載の静電チャック。
- 前記溝の端部領域に、前記溝の端に向けて前記溝の深さが次第に浅くなる漸浅部が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項5記載の静電チャック。
- 前記セラミック誘電体の室温における体積抵抗率は、1×1014Ω・cm以上であることを特徴とする請求項5記載の静電チャック。
- 前記セラミック基板の厚みは、前記セラミック誘電体の厚みよりも大きいことを特徴とする請求項5記載の静電チャック。
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US5822171A (en) | 1994-02-22 | 1998-10-13 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Electrostatic chuck with improved erosion resistance |
US5810933A (en) | 1996-02-16 | 1998-09-22 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Wafer cooling device |
JP2002231799A (ja) * | 2001-02-06 | 2002-08-16 | Toto Ltd | 静電チャック、静電チャックの吸着表面に形成された凹部への放電防止方法、およびその静電チャックを用いた基板固定加熱冷却装置 |
KR20040070008A (ko) * | 2003-01-29 | 2004-08-06 | 쿄세라 코포레이션 | 정전척 |
JP4974873B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-26 | 2012-07-11 | 新光電気工業株式会社 | 静電チャック及び基板温調固定装置 |
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2011
- 2011-03-18 JP JP2011061737A patent/JP5218865B2/ja active Active
- 2011-03-23 US US13/635,778 patent/US8848335B2/en active Active
- 2011-03-23 KR KR1020127023625A patent/KR101429591B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2011-03-23 WO PCT/JP2011/057040 patent/WO2011118659A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-03-23 CN CN201180012562.2A patent/CN102782831B/zh active Active
- 2011-03-24 TW TW100110169A patent/TWI471974B/zh active
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JPH08507196A (ja) * | 1994-01-31 | 1996-07-30 | アプライド マテリアルズ インコーポレイテッド | 共形な絶縁体フィルムを有する静電チャック |
JPH09134951A (ja) * | 1995-09-06 | 1997-05-20 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | 静電チャック |
JP2003504871A (ja) * | 1999-07-08 | 2003-02-04 | ラム リサーチ コーポレーション | 静電チャックおよびその製造方法 |
WO2006001425A1 (ja) * | 2004-06-28 | 2006-01-05 | Kyocera Corporation | 静電チャック |
JP2009105386A (ja) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-05-14 | Intevac Inc | 静電チャック装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20130027838A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
CN102782831A (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
CN102782831B (zh) | 2015-02-18 |
JP5218865B2 (ja) | 2013-06-26 |
KR20120120415A (ko) | 2012-11-01 |
JP2011222977A (ja) | 2011-11-04 |
KR101429591B1 (ko) | 2014-08-12 |
TWI471974B (zh) | 2015-02-01 |
TW201138020A (en) | 2011-11-01 |
US8848335B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 |
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