WO2011118407A1 - 導電性フィルムおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
導電性フィルムおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011118407A1 WO2011118407A1 PCT/JP2011/055666 JP2011055666W WO2011118407A1 WO 2011118407 A1 WO2011118407 A1 WO 2011118407A1 JP 2011055666 W JP2011055666 W JP 2011055666W WO 2011118407 A1 WO2011118407 A1 WO 2011118407A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
- C08B15/02—Oxycellulose; Hydrocellulose; Cellulosehydrate, e.g. microcrystalline cellulose
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B23/00—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose
- B32B23/04—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising such cellulosic plastic substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
- C08K3/041—Carbon nanotubes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
- C08L1/04—Oxycellulose; Hydrocellulose, e.g. microcrystalline cellulose
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/124—Intrinsically conductive polymers
- H01B1/127—Intrinsically conductive polymers comprising five-membered aromatic rings in the main chain, e.g. polypyrroles, polythiophenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/124—Intrinsically conductive polymers
- H01B1/128—Intrinsically conductive polymers comprising six-membered aromatic rings in the main chain, e.g. polyanilines, polyphenylenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/14—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0026—Apparatus for manufacturing conducting or semi-conducting layers, e.g. deposition of metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a conductive film and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a novel conductive film that enables a high-value-added film product that is useful as an electronic device composed entirely of organic matter, and a method for producing the same.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PET polyethylene sulfonate
- PC polycarbonate
- PAR polyarylate
- the conductive substance include inorganic materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO), tin oxide (SnO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and tin cadmium oxide (CdSnO 4 ).
- ITO is most often used from the standpoint of its properties.
- ITO-PET conductive films are applied to various electronic devices as flexible devices.
- PET uses fossil fuels in its manufacturing process, and has a great influence on the environment, such as a reduction in fossil fuels and global warming.
- ITO has limited indium reserves. If it is used as it is, there is a risk that it will be depleted in the near future, and the price is soaring, so replacement with other materials is an urgent need. Yes.
- polysaccharides derived from natural products are attracting attention as environmentally friendly materials.
- Cellulose is contained in plant cell walls, microbial exocrine secretions, and sea squirt mantles, and is the most abundant polysaccharide on the earth. It has biodegradability, high crystallinity, stability, Due to its excellent safety, it is expected to be applied in various fields.
- Cellulose has strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds and high crystallinity, so it is almost insoluble in water and general solvents, and therefore, researches to improve solubility are being actively conducted.
- the method of oxidizing the primary hydroxyl group at the C6 position using a TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxy radical) catalyst system and introducing a carboxyl group via an aldehyde selects only the primary hydroxyl group.
- the reaction can be carried out under mild conditions (aqueous system, room temperature) and has attracted much attention in recent years.
- TEMPO oxidation is performed using natural cellulose, only the nano-order surface can be oxidized while maintaining the crystallinity of cellulose. After washing, the fine modified cellulose can be uniformly dispersed in water simply by applying a slight mechanical treatment.
- Cellulose aqueous dispersions prepared by this method are uniform in the nano-order range, and when dried, have a high transparency in the visible light region and a high strength film. Application development is expected.
- Patent Document 1 describes a conductive polymer composite paper obtained by making paper by adding a conductive polymer to paper pulp.
- Patent Document 2 describes a conductive paper in which cellulose and a conductive substance are mixed.
- the conductive base material described in the cited reference 1 or 2 has a large cellulose size and is coarse. Use in optical applications and display applications that require transparency may be very limited. Moreover, since it is not dispersed in a uniform size, there is a problem that the conductivity becomes uneven and the strength becomes brittle.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has an object of providing a conductive film having excellent conductivity that can be applied to an electronic device, further reducing unevenness in conductivity, and having high strength. To do.
- the invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that it comprises a modified fine cellulose having at least a carboxyl group and one or more conductive substances. It is a sex film.
- the invention according to claim 2 is that the fiber width of the modified fine cellulose is 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less, and the carboxyl group amount is 1.0 mmol / g or more and 2.0 mmol / g or less. It is an electroconductive film of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.
- the invention according to claim 3 is the conductive film according to claim 2, wherein the cellulose is natural cellulose having a cellulose I-type crystal structure.
- the invention according to claim 4 is the conductive film according to claim 3, wherein the conductive substance is a conductive polymer.
- the invention described in claim 5 is characterized in that the conductive polymer is one or more conductive polymers selected from polythiophene, polypyrrole, and polyaniline. It is a conductive film.
- the invention according to claim 6 is the conductive film according to claim 3, wherein the conductive substance is fine carbon.
- the invention according to claim 7 is the conductive film according to claim 3, further comprising an ionic liquid.
- the invention according to claim 8 is the conductive film according to claim 3, wherein the haze of the conductive film is 30% or less.
- the invention according to claim 9 comprises a step of preparing modified cellulose by oxidizing cellulose, a step of dispersing modified cellulose in a dispersion medium to make fine, and preparing modified fine cellulose,
- a method for producing a conductive film comprising: mixing a modified fine cellulose and a conductive substance to prepare a dispersion; and drying the dispersion to form a conductive film. is there.
- the invention according to claim 10 is a step of preparing modified cellulose by oxidizing cellulose, and dispersing the modified cellulose in a dispersion medium to make fine, thereby preparing a dispersion containing modified fine cellulose. And a step of drying the dispersion to form a film containing modified fine cellulose, and a step of coating the surface of the film with a conductive substance to form a conductive film. It is the manufacturing method of the electroconductive film which does.
- a modified fine cellulose having a carboxyl group on the surface and having a nano-order size obtained by electrostatic repulsion is used as a main substrate, and a conductive material is combined to form a film.
- a conductive film having high conductivity and high strength and also having transparency.
- a biomass material such as cellulose, it is possible to realize a carbon neutral society, which can greatly contribute to reducing the environmental burden.
- the present invention relates to a conductive film having good conductivity.
- the conductive film of the present invention mainly comprises modified fine cellulose having a carboxyl group on the surface and finely dispersed in a solvent.
- the conductive film of the present invention As a configuration of the conductive film of the present invention, (1) Conductivity that is formed by drying modified fine cellulose having a carboxyl group on the surface and a conductive material in a solvent in advance, and the conductive material is mixed in the entire film the film, (2) After the modified fine cellulose having a carboxyl group on the surface and finely dispersed in a solvent is dried to form a film, the conductive material is coated on the film, and the conductive material exists only on the surface. Sex film, (3) A conductive film prepared by preparing another substrate and bonding the film according to (1) or (2) on the substrate, (4) Prepare another base material, coat the base material with modified fine cellulose having a carboxyl group on the surface and finely dispersed in a solvent, and form a film.
- Conductive film coated on the film, and conductive material exists only on the surface (5) A film formed by preparing another substrate and drying the modified fine cellulose having a carboxyl group on the surface and a conductive substance in advance from a state in which the substrate is mixed in a solvent. Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, conductive films having
- the modified fine cellulose of the present invention has a carboxyl group, and the carboxyl group amount is preferably 1.0 mmol / g or more and 2.0 mmol / g or less.
- the amount of carboxyl groups is less than 1.0 mmol / g, it is difficult to uniformly disperse the modified fine cellulose without causing sufficient electrostatic repulsion even if mechanical treatment is added thereafter. As a result, problems such as poor transparency of the dispersion and increased viscosity occur.
- the amount is more than 2.0 mmol / g, decomposition of cellulose at the time of dispersion is severe, and problems such as yellowing tend to occur.
- the modified fine cellulose of the present invention preferably has a carboxyl group on the surface of the modified fine cellulose.
- a carboxyl group on the surface of the cellulose By having a carboxyl group on the surface of the cellulose, electrostatic repulsion between the celluloses can be sufficiently generated, and the modified fine cellulose can be uniformly dispersed.
- the modified fine cellulose of the present invention preferably has a fiber width of 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less.
- the fiber width is smaller than 1 nm, the modified fine cellulose is not in a nanofiber state.
- the fiber width is larger than 500 nm, the transparency of the dispersion is impaired.
- the dispersion containing the modified fine cellulose having a carboxyl group on the surface used in the present invention is obtained by undergoing a step of modifying the cellulose and a step of refining the modified cellulose as shown below. .
- cellulose As a raw material of cellulose, wood pulp, non-wood pulp, waste paper pulp, cotton, bacterial cellulose, valonia cellulose, squirt cellulose, fine cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, etc. can be used. Natural cellulose is preferred. When natural cellulose having a cellulose I-type crystal structure is used, it has crystallinity inside the cellulose, and its crystal region is not eroded even after TEMPO oxidation. Therefore, only the surface is oxidized, and cellulose molecules are formed into nanofibers without being isolated individually, so that excellent transparency and film formability can be obtained.
- a method using a co-oxidant in the presence of an N-oxyl compound capable of selectively oxidizing a primary hydroxyl group while maintaining the structure as much as possible is desirable.
- an N-oxyl compound capable of selectively oxidizing a primary hydroxyl group while maintaining the structure as much as possible is desirable.
- TEMPO is preferably used as the N-oxyl compound.
- the co-oxidant can promote an oxidation reaction such as halogen, hypohalous acid, halohalic acid or perhalogenic acid, or a salt thereof, halogen oxide, nitrogen oxide, or peroxide.
- an oxidation reaction such as halogen, hypohalous acid, halohalic acid or perhalogenic acid, or a salt thereof, halogen oxide, nitrogen oxide, or peroxide.
- Any oxidizing agent can be used.
- Sodium hypochlorite is preferred because of its availability and reactivity.
- the oxidation reaction can proceed more smoothly and the introduction efficiency of the carboxyl group can be improved.
- the amount of TEMPO used as the N-oxyl compound is sufficient if it has an amount that functions as a catalyst. Further, as bromide, a system using sodium bromide is preferable from the viewpoint of cost and stability. The amount of the co-oxidant, bromide or iodide used is sufficient if there is an amount capable of promoting the oxidation reaction. Furthermore, it is preferable to keep the inside of the system alkaline during the reaction, and a pH of 9 to 11 is more desirable.
- the system In order to keep the inside of the system alkaline, it can be prepared by adding an alkaline aqueous solution while keeping the pH constant.
- an alkaline aqueous solution sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia solution or the like is used, and sodium hydroxide is preferable from the viewpoint of cost and availability.
- the alcohol to be added is preferably a low molecular weight alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, propanol or the like in order to quickly terminate the reaction. Ethanol is more preferable from the viewpoint of safety of by-products generated by the reaction.
- Methods for cleaning oxidized pulp after oxidation include a method of cleaning with alkali and salt formed, a method of cleaning by adding an acid to a carboxylic acid, a method of cleaning by adding an organic solvent and making it insoluble. is there. From the viewpoint of handling properties, yield, etc., a method of washing by adding an acid to obtain a carboxylic acid is preferable.
- the washing solvent is preferably water.
- Step of refining modified cellulose In order to refine the pickled modified cellulose, it is necessary to first immerse the modified cellulose in water as a dispersion medium and then adjust the pH to 3 to 12 with an alkali. When the pH is adjusted to 6 to 12 and refined, the modified cellulose is fibrillated to the nano order due to electrostatic repulsion of the carboxyl group, and the transparency of the solution is increased. Further, at pH 3 to 6, electric repulsion hardly occurs and the liquid is opaque.
- alkali for adjusting pH examples include lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia solution, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, hydroxide
- An organic alkali such as benzyltrimethylammonium can be used.
- a stable dispersion state can be obtained, but in addition to water, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, tert, in addition to water, can be used for various purposes such as drying conditions and improvement / control of liquid properties.
- methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, tert in addition to water, can be used for various purposes such as drying conditions and improvement / control of liquid properties.
- ethers, ketones or a mixture of two or more of these may be used.
- high pressure homogenizer ultra high pressure homogenizer, bead mill, ball mill, cutter mill, jet mill, grinder, juicer mixer, homomixer, ultrasonic homogenizer, nanogenizer, facing underwater It can be miniaturized by using collision or the like.
- the amount of the modified cellulose in the dispersion is desirably 10 wt% or less.
- the conductive substance in the present invention is an organic substance having conductivity, and a conductive polymer or fine carbon is particularly preferable.
- Examples of conductive polymers include polyaniline polymers, polypyrrole polymers, polythiophene polymers, and the like.
- Each of the above polymer systems includes each polymer having a basic main chain structure, which is chemically modified and exhibits conductivity.
- polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly-3-alkylthiophene, polydialkylthiophene, polyparaphenylene, polyparaphenylene vinylene, polyacetylene, polyphenylene vinylene, poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) and the like can be mentioned. .
- PEDOT / PSS in which PEDOT is finely dispersed in water on the nano order using polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) as a dopant and water dispersant can be mentioned.
- PSS polystyrene sulfonic acid
- PEDOT / PSS is an H.264 standard. C. Starck Baytron is widely known.
- the conductivity can be drastically improved by adding about 5% of dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, ethylene glycol or the like to the entire aqueous dispersion.
- the above conductive polymers may be used alone or in combination.
- examples of the fine carbon include any of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanoparticles, nanohorns, fullerenes, and mixtures of two or more thereof.
- Carbon nanotubes include single-walled carbon nanotubes having a structure in which a single graphite sheet is rolled into a cylindrical shape and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in which single-walled carbon nanotubes are concentrically stacked.
- the specific surface area be large, and therefore single-walled carbon nanotubes are preferred.
- the purity is desirably as high as possible in order to obtain high conductivity, and is preferably 90% or more.
- the above fine carbons may be used alone or in combination.
- the conductive polymer or fine carbon may be used alone or in combination with the conductive polymer and fine carbon.
- the method (1) or (3) is preferable.
- the method (1) is more preferable because it is easier to disperse after mixing if it is in a dispersed state before mixing.
- the conductive material is preferably mixed in an amount of 0.01 or more and 1 or less on a mass basis, assuming that the modified fine cellulose is 1.
- an ionic liquid is added to the system in order to improve the conductivity and the flexibility of the film when the conductive material is dispersed and when the modified fine cellulose and the conductive material are mixed. Also good.
- Either a hydrophilic ionic liquid or a hydrophobic ionic liquid may be used, but since it is desirable to use water as the dispersion medium, a hydrophilic ionic liquid is preferred.
- any hydrophilic ionic liquid can be used as long as it is a hydrophilic ionic liquid.
- the ionic liquid is preferably added in an amount of 0.01 or more and 0.3 or less on a mass basis when the modified fine cellulose is 1.
- a film formed by applying the above dispersion to a substrate As a step of forming a film using the dispersion containing the modified fine cellulose of the present invention or the dispersion containing the modified fine cellulose and a conductive substance, a film formed by applying the above dispersion to a substrate And a method of obtaining a film by peeling the film, and a method of obtaining a film by casting.
- the method for obtaining a conductive film by coating a conductive material on the modified fine cellulose membrane of the present invention includes a comma coater, a roll coater, a reverse roll coater, a gravure coater, a micro gravure coater, an air knife coater, and a bar coater.
- a coating method using a wire bar coater, die coater, dip coater, blade coater, brush coater, curtain coater, die slot coater, spin coater or the like can be used.
- plastic materials made of various polymer compositions can be used.
- polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene
- polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate
- celluloses such as triacetyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose and cellophane
- polyamides such as 6-nylon and 6,6-nylon
- acrylic such as methacrylate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, ethylene vinyl alcohol, or the like are used.
- an organic polymer material having at least one or more components from among the above-mentioned plastic materials, having a copolymer component, or having a chemical modification thereof as a component is also possible.
- a release agent such as a fluorine type or a silicone type is included in the base material so that the conductive film can be easily peeled off from the base material.
- a release layer may be formed by previously applying the release agent on a substrate.
- the surface of the base material is pretreated with corona treatment, plasma treatment, flame treatment, ozone treatment. Further, surface modification such as anchor coating treatment may be applied.
- a base material including a bioplastic chemically synthesized from a plant such as polylactic acid or biopolyolefin, or a plastic produced by a microorganism such as hydroxyalkanoate is used.
- a base material including a bioplastic chemically synthesized from a plant such as polylactic acid or biopolyolefin, or a plastic produced by a microorganism such as hydroxyalkanoate
- paper obtained by pulping natural fibers such as wood and vegetation and papermaking, a nonwoven fabric made of natural fibers, or the like can be used.
- a substrate containing cellophane, acetylated cellulose, a cellulose derivative and the like containing a cellulosic material is also possible.
- the conductive film of the present invention has a haze of 30% or less when formed into a film, preferably 10% or less. If the haze is 30% or more, application to fields requiring transparency, such as optical applications and display applications, will be hindered.
- the temperature in the system was always kept at 20 ° C., and the decrease in pH during the reaction was kept at pH 10 by adding a 0.5N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
- sodium hydroxide reached 2.5 mmol / g with respect to the mass of cellulose, a sufficient amount of ethanol was added to stop the reaction. Thereafter, hydrochloric acid was added until the pH reached 3, and then washing with distilled water was repeated sufficiently to obtain modified cellulose.
- the obtained oxidized pulp was weighed by 0.1 g in terms of solid content, dispersed in water at a concentration of 1%, and hydrochloric acid was added to adjust the pH to 3. Thereafter, the carboxyl group amount (mmol / g) was determined by conductometric titration using a 0.5N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and found to be 1.6 mmol / g.
- Example 1 100 mg of single-walled carbon nanotubes was added to 20 ml of water and stirred until uniform dispersion was achieved. Further, 5 g of a dispersion containing modified fine cellulose prepared in the above production example was added and stirred until it became uniform again. The produced dispersion was cast on a polystyrene plate and naturally dried at room temperature to obtain a conductive film using carbon nanotubes as a conductive substance.
- Example 2 10 g of 1% PEDOT / PSS (Baytron PH500 manufactured by HC Starck) and 5 mg of dimethyl sulfoxide were stirred until uniform dispersion was achieved. Further, 5 g of a dispersion containing modified fine cellulose prepared in the above production example was added and stirred until it became uniform again. The produced dispersion was cast on a polystyrene plate and naturally dried at room temperature to obtain a conductive film using PEDOT / PSS as a conductive substance.
- PEDOT / PSS Boytron PH500 manufactured by HC Starck
- Example 3 5 g of the dispersion containing modified fine cellulose prepared in the above production example was cast on a polystyrene plate and allowed to dry naturally at room temperature. 1% PEDOT / PSS (5% dimethyl sulfoxide) was dropped onto the obtained cellulose film, and the film was formed by spin coating and dried to obtain a conductive film.
- PEDOT / PSS 5% dimethyl sulfoxide
- the conductive film of the present invention can have good conductivity, high transparency, and high strength. This makes it possible to produce a conductive film that can be applied to optical and display applications by combining environmentally friendly cellulose not derived from fossil resources with a conductive material.
- the conductive film containing the modified fine cellulose obtained by the present invention and the conductive material has sufficient transparency and strength, and further has high conductivity, and is used for optical applications and display applications. It becomes possible to apply in various fields.
Abstract
Description
(1)表面にカルボキシル基を有する改質微細セルロースと導電性物質とを、予め溶媒中で混和させた状態から乾燥させて形成された、フィルム内すべてに導電性物質が混入している導電性フィルム、
(2)表面にカルボキシル基を有し溶媒中に微細分散した改質微細セルロースを乾燥させフィルム化した後、導電性物質をそのフィルムにコーティングして表面のみに導電性物質が存在している導電性フィルム、
(3)他の基材を用意し、その基材上に、(1)または(2)に記載のフィルムを貼り合わせてなる導電性フィルム、
(4)他の基材を用意し、その基材上に、表面にカルボキシル基を有し溶媒中に微細分散した改質微細セルロースをコーティングして膜を形成し、さらに、導電性物質をその膜上にコーティングして、表面のみに導電性物質が存在している導電性フィルム、
(5)他の基材を用意し、その基材上に、表面にカルボキシル基を有する改質微細セルロースと導電性物質とを、予め溶媒中で混和させた状態から乾燥させて形成された膜を有する導電性フィルム
などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
セルロースの原料としては、木材パルプ、非木材パルプ、古紙パルプ、コットン、バクテリアセルロース、バロニアセルロース、ホヤセルロース、微細セルロース、微結晶セルロース等を用いることができるが、特に、セルロースI型の結晶構造を有する天然セルロースが好ましい。セルロースI型の結晶構造を有する天然セルロースを用いる場合、セルロース内部に結晶性を有しており、TEMPO酸化後においてもその結晶域は侵食されない。そのため、表面のみが酸化され、セルロース分子は個々に単離することなく、ナノファイバー状になり優れた透明性や成膜性を得ることができる。
酸洗した改質セルロースを微細化する方法としては、まず、改質セルロースを分散媒として水に浸漬してから、アルカリでpH3~12に調整する必要がある。pH6~12に調製して微細化すると、カルボキシル基の静電気的な反発から改質セルロースがナノオーダーまで解繊され、溶液の透明性が上昇する。また、pH3~6では電気的な反発が起きづらく、液は不透明である。pHを調製するアルカリとしては、水酸化リチウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、アンモニア水溶液、さらには水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム、水酸化テトラエチルアンモニウム、水酸化テトラプロピルアンモニウム、水酸化テトラブチルアンモニウム、水酸化ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムなどの有機アルカリを用いることができる。
改質微細セルロースと導電性物質とを混和する工程としては、
(1)改質微細セルロースを含む分散液と導電性物質を含む分散液を分散状態から混和して分散液を調製する方法、
(2)改質微細セルロース粉末と導電性物質を含む分散液を混和してから分散液を調製する方法、
(3)改質微細セルロースを含む分散液と導電性物質粉末を混和してから分散液を調製する方法、
(4)改質微細セルロース粉末と導電性物質粉末を混和してから再分散させて分散液を調製する方法
などが挙げられる。改質微細セルロースを乾燥させて再分散を行うとセルロースが凝集してしまい、再分散しにくくなってしまうため(1)または(3)の方法が好ましい。導電性物質についても、混和前に分散状態であったほうが混和後の分散がしやすいため、(1)の方法がより好ましい。このとき、導電性物質は、改質微細セルロースを1としたときに、質量基準で0.01以上1以下混和されることが好ましい。
<セルロースのTEMPO酸化>
針葉樹晒クラフトパルプ30gを蒸留水1800gに懸濁し、蒸留水200gにTEMPOを0.3g、臭化ナトリウムを3g溶解させた溶液を加え、20℃まで冷却した。
上記のTEMPO酸化パルプ4gを396gの蒸留水に分散させ、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いてpH10に調整した。調整した分散液をミキサーで60分間微細化処理を行い、改質微細セルロースを含む分散液を調製した。
単層カーボンナノチューブ100mgを、水20mlに添加し、均一分散状態になるまで攪拌した。さらに、上記製造例で作製した改質微細セルロースを含む分散液5gを加え、再び均一になるまで攪拌した。作製した分散液をポリスチレンプレート上にキャストし、室温にて自然乾燥させ、導電性物質としてカーボンナノチューブを用いた導電性フィルムを得た。
1%PEDOT/PSS(H.C.Starck社製Baytron PH500)10g、ジメチルスルホキシド5mgを均一分散になるまで攪拌した。さらに、上記製造例で作製した改質微細セルロースを含む分散液5gを加え、再び均一になるまで攪拌した。作製した分散液をポリスチレンプレート上にキャストし、室温にて自然乾燥させ、導電性物質としてPEDOT/PSSを用いた導電性フィルムを得た。
上記製造例で作製した改質微細セルロースを含む分散液5gをポリスチレンプレート上にキャストし、室温にて自然乾燥させた。得られたセルロース膜上に1%PEDOT/PSS(5%ジメチルスルホキシド)を滴下し、スピンコートにて成膜後乾燥させ、導電性フィルムを得た。
上記製造例で作製した改質微細セルロースを含む分散液5gをポリスチレンプレート上にキャストし、室温にて自然乾燥させ、セルロースフィルムを得た。
上記製造例の改質セルロースを固形分量50mgで水に懸濁させ、その後、ポリスチレンプレート上にキャストし、室温にて自然乾燥させ、改質セルロース紙を得た。
1%PEDOT/PSS10g、ジメチルスルホキシド5mgを均一分散になるまで攪拌した。さらに、上記製造例で作製した改質セルロースの懸濁液5gを加え、再び攪拌した。作製した懸濁液をポリスチレンプレート上にキャストし、室温にて自然乾燥させ、導電性物質としてPEDOT/PSSを用いた導電性紙を得た。
得られた上記実施例1~3および比較例1~3のフィルムまたは紙を、JIS-K6911に準じた表面抵抗計を用いて評価した。その結果を表1に示す。
得られた上記実施例1~3および比較例1~3のフィルムを切り出し、粘弾性測定装置(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー、EXSTAR DMS100)を使用し、試験片10mm×20mmについて引張りモードにて周波数1Hz、昇温速度2℃/min、温度範囲20℃~180℃とし、粘弾性測定を行った(50mN)。25℃におけるE’求めた。その結果を表1に示す。
得られた上記実施例1~3および比較例1~3のフィルムのヘイズについては、ヘイズメーターを用いて測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
Claims (10)
- 少なくともカルボキシル基を有する改質微細セルロースと、1種または2種以上の導電性物質とからなることを特徴とする導電性フィルム。
- 前記改質微細セルロースの繊維幅が、1nm以上500nm以下であり、且つカルボキシル基量が、1.0mmol/g以上2.0mmol/g以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の導電性フィルム。
- 前記セルロースがセルロースI型の結晶構造を有する天然セルロースであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の導電性フィルム。
- 前記導電性物質が、導電性高分子であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の導電性フィルム。
- 前記導電性高分子が、ポリチオフェン、ポリピロール、ポリアニリンから選択される1種または2種以上の導電性高分子であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の導電性フィルム。
- 前記導電性物質が、微細カーボンであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の導電性フィルム。
- さらに、イオン液体を含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の導電性フィルム。
- 前記導電性フィルムのヘイズが、30%以下であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の導電性フィルム。
- セルロースを酸化して改質セルロースを調製する工程と、
前記改質セルロースを分散媒に分散させて微細化し、改質微細セルロースを調製する工程と、
前記改質微細セルロースと導電性物質とを混和して分散液を調製する工程と、
前記分散液を乾燥させて導電性フィルムを形成する工程と
を有することを特徴とする導電性フィルムの製造方法。 - セルロースを酸化して改質セルロースを調製する工程と、
前記改質セルロースを分散媒に分散させて微細化し、改質微細セルロースを含む分散液を調製する工程と、
前記分散液を乾燥させて改質微細セルロースを含む膜を形成する工程と、
前記膜の表面に、導電性物質をコーティングして導電性フィルムを形成する工程と
を有することを特徴とする導電性フィルムの製造方法。
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