WO2011116677A1 - 起重机多支腿的控制回路以及下车多路换向阀 - Google Patents

起重机多支腿的控制回路以及下车多路换向阀 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011116677A1
WO2011116677A1 PCT/CN2011/072018 CN2011072018W WO2011116677A1 WO 2011116677 A1 WO2011116677 A1 WO 2011116677A1 CN 2011072018 W CN2011072018 W CN 2011072018W WO 2011116677 A1 WO2011116677 A1 WO 2011116677A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve
oil
port
legs
way
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PCT/CN2011/072018
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
向治平
宋建清
杨红
居梦雄
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长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司
常德中联重科液压有限公司
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Publication of WO2011116677A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011116677A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/72Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples
    • B66C23/78Supports, e.g. outriggers, for mobile cranes
    • B66C23/80Supports, e.g. outriggers, for mobile cranes hydraulically actuated

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of cranes and, more particularly, to a control loop for a crane multi-leg for a hydraulic crane drop-off system and a get-off multi-way reversing valve. Background technique
  • the existing reversing valve on the domestic hydraulic crane such as the Chinese patent ZL01244646.7, discloses a "new type of truck crane hydraulic multi-way valve", which solves the bending deformation of the piston rod of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder of the truck crane. Problems, and reduce the leakage of the whole machine.
  • Chinese patent ZL200520049716.7 discloses an "integral multi-way reversing valve", which provides an integral casting forming oil passage, compact structure, simple processing, low manufacturing cost, small pressure loss, energy saving and consumption reduction A one-piece multi-way directional control valve that prevents the self-locking function of the horizontal cylinder from extending.
  • the fifth leg is usually disposed below the cab that is difficult to observe. Therefore, when the work at the work place is completed and the operator leaves the remaining four vertical legs, the unintentional operator mistakenly believes that the fifth leg is also fully retracted, so that the fifth leg is not fully recovered. In the case of moving the vehicle, it is easy to cause damage to the fifth leg.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is how to avoid the possibility that the fifth leg will be damaged as much as possible.
  • the present invention provides a control circuit for a crane multi-leg, the crane including first to fourth legs disposed at a side of the crane and a fifth leg disposed at a front portion of the crane,
  • the control loop includes:
  • the selector valve is a three-position six-way valve having a first inlet and a second inlet connected to the pressure oil source, connected to the oil return port of the fuel tank, and connected to the upper control system of the vehicle a working port, a second working port connected to the legs of each of the first to fifth legs having a rod cavity, and a legless chamber connected to each of the first to fifth legs a third working port; the first to fifth switching valves, wherein the third working port of the three-position six-way valve is connected to the first to fifth through the first to fifth reversing valves
  • the legs of the legs have no rod cavity;
  • control circuit further comprises a normally closed liquid-controlled two-position two-way valve, the liquid-controlled two-position two-way valve is connected between the rodless cavity of the fifth leg and the oil tank, the liquid control two Control of the two-way valve a port is connected to the second working port of the three-position six-way valve,
  • the first working oil port When the three-position six-way valve is in the first position, the first working oil port is closed, and the second inlet is connected to the third working oil port, thereby allowing pressurized oil to pass through the first to a fifth switching valve is respectively supplied to the legless cavity of the first to fifth legs, and the second working port is connected to the oil return port, thereby allowing each of the first to the first
  • the legs of the five legs have hydraulic oil in the rod cavity flowing back to the oil return port;
  • the first working oil port When the three-position six-way valve is in the second position, the first working oil port is closed, and the second inlet is connected to the second working oil port, thereby allowing pressure oil to be supplied to each of the first
  • the legs of the first to fifth legs have a rod cavity, and the third working port is connected to the oil return port to allow the hydraulic oil in the legless cavity of the legs of the first to fifth legs Returning to the oil return port by the first to fifth switching valves, and the hydraulically controlled 2/2-way valve is turned on, thereby between the rodless cavity of the fifth leg and the oil tank Establish a pathway.
  • the oil return port of the liquid control 2nd two-way valve is connected to the third working oil port of the three-position six-way valve.
  • the control circuit further includes a hydraulically controlled check valve connected in series with the rod cavity of each of the first to fifth legs and the third six-way valve Between the two working ports, the control port of the pilot valve is connected to the third working port of the three-position valve, wherein when the three-position six-way valve is in the second position, the liquid
  • the control check valve only allows the pressurized oil to flow to the legs of each of the first to fifth legs to have a rod cavity; the three-position six-way valve is located at the first In position, the pressurized oil passes through the control port of the pilot operated check valve to open the pilot operated check valve, and allows the legs of each of the first to fifth legs to have oil in the rod cavity The liquid is returned to the second working port.
  • the dismounting directional control valve with the two-position two-way hydraulic control valve includes a control valve and a two-position two-way hydraulic control valve, wherein: the two-position two-way hydraulic control valve is operated by bolting On the reversing valve piece of the fifth leg of the valve, the connecting ports C, D on the two-position two-way hydraulic control valve are respectively connected with the oil passages a2, a3 on the control valve.
  • the get-off multi-way reversing valve can be used in the control loop of the above multi-legged crane.
  • the control valve includes a valve body having external connecting ports P, T, V, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ and B on the surface of the valve body, and a casting forming oil chamber and an oil passage are arranged inside the valve body, and an overflow valve is sequentially arranged thereon, Valve, overload valve, hydraulic control check valve, 5 sets of reversing valves, 5 sets of check valves.
  • the two-position two-way hydraulic control valve comprises a valve body, and the surface of the valve body has an external connection port C, D, K, ⁇ and an internal machined forming oil chamber and an oil passage, and a valve body of the two-position two-way hydraulic control valve In order to machine the formed valve body, the valve body is equipped with a two-position two-way hydraulic control valve core and a damping rod.
  • the hydraulic pressure multi-way valve of the vehicle is reliably controlled for retracting the five legs, that is, whether the horizontal cylinder or the leg is retracted When the cylinder is in use, the fifth leg will be fully retracted, avoiding the asynchronous operation. Accidents that often damage the fifth leg, greatly enhance the safe operation of the truck crane
  • FIG. 1 is an external view of a dismounting valve with a two-position two-way hydraulic control valve according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line F-F of Fig. 1;
  • Figure 3 is an outline view of a two-position two-way hydraulic control valve
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control loop of a crane multi-leg according to the present invention.
  • valve body 2 of the actuating valve 1 is designed as a one-piece casting oil passage, which is provided with a relief valve 3, a selector valve 4, an overload valve 5, a hydraulically controlled check valve 6, and a group of 5 reversing valves.
  • valve body 8 of the two-position two-way hydraulic control valve 7 is a machined formed piece valve body, the valve body 8 is equipped with a two-position two-way hydraulic control valve core 15 and a damping rod 12, a valve
  • the body 8 is bolted to the valve body 2;
  • P is the pressure oil source interface
  • T is the oil return interface
  • H is the leg cylinder interface with the rod cavity
  • V is the upper pressure oil source interface
  • E A (1, 2 3, 4)
  • B (1, 2, 3, 4) is the horizontal cylinder rodless cavity interface.
  • the two-position two-way hydraulic control valve 7 has a valve body 8, and the valve body 8 is provided with a screw plug 11, a damper rod 12, a 0-type seal ring 13, a bolt 14, and a two-position two-way hydraulic control valve core 15 , spring seat 16, bullet a spring 17, a gasket 18, a spring seat 19; in the valve body 8 there are oil passages bl, b2, b4, b5; the left end of the two-position two-way hydraulic control valve core 15 abuts against the screw plug 11 and the right end passes through the spring seat 16 The spring 17 abuts against the spring seat 19; the damper rod 12 is screwed into the oil passage b4 of the valve body 8, and the damper rod 12 has an oil passage b3; the reversing valve 9 includes a valve body 2, and the valve body 2 is mounted with a reversing direction The valve body 20 and the reversing mechanism 21; the valve body 2 has oil ⁇ ⁇ , oil passages a1,
  • valve stem of the selector valve 4 When the valve stem of the selector valve 4 is pushed inward, the valve stem of the reversing valve 9 is pulled outward, that is, the valve stem of the reversing valve 9 is moved to the right, and the fifth leg has no rod cavity oil from the oil port E through the oil passage a , oil passage a2 to oil port T back to the fuel tank.
  • Fig. 3 The outer surface of the valve body 8 of the two-position two-way hydraulic control valve 7 has oil ports C, D, K, and 0, which communicate with the oil passage a2, the oil passage a3, the oil passage b4, and the oil port T, respectively.
  • each of the above valves may be fabricated as a single integral valve device to obtain a relatively compact structure.
  • each of the above valves is a separate valve, but is connected to each other by a pipe. Therefore, different design methods can be selected according to different working conditions.
  • the oil port of the selection valve 4 is connected to the pressure oil source, the oil port is connected to the oil tank; the oil port V is connected to the vehicle control system; the oil port is connected to the leg cylinder and the horizontal cylinder There is a rod cavity.
  • the port A (1, 2, 3, 4) of each reversing valve 9 is connected to the leg cylinder without a rod cavity, and the port B (1, 2, 3, 4) is connected to the horizontal cylinder without a rod cavity, which is used for the fifth
  • the port E of the directional control valve of the leg is connected to the rodless cavity of the fifth leg cylinder.
  • the invention also provides a control circuit for a multi-leg of a hydraulic crane, the crane comprising first to fourth legs disposed at a side of the crane and a fifth leg disposed at a front portion of the crane, as shown in the figure Shown (in particular with reference to Figure 4), the control loop includes:
  • the selection valve 4 is a three-position six-way valve having a first inlet and a second inlet connected to a source of pressurized oil (as shown in FIG. 4, both of which can be used as port P).
  • the oil return port (ie, the oil port T) connected to the oil tank is connected to the first working oil port of the loading control system (ie, the oil port V), and the leg connected to each of the first to fifth legs has a rod a second working port of the chamber (ie, port H, of course, the port H can also be connected to the rod chamber of the horizontal cylinder as described above) and the legs connected to each of the first to fifth legs are absent a third working port of the rod cavity;
  • First to fifth reversing valves 9 the third working port of the three-position six-way valve being connected to the first to fifth legs through the first to fifth reversing valves 9
  • the leg has no rod cavity, specifically, the first to fourth reversing valves 9 can be selectively connected to A ( 1, 2, 3, 4) and / or B ( 1, 2, 3, 4 according to the needs of control) ), the fifth reversing valve can be connected to the legless cavity of the fifth leg through the E port;
  • control circuit further comprises a normally closed hydraulically controlled 2/2-way valve 7 connected between the rodless cavity of the fifth leg and the oil tank, the liquid
  • the control port of the two-position two-way valve 7 is connected to the second working port of the three-position six-way valve.
  • the selector valve 4 When the selector valve 4 is in the first position, that is, when the valve stem is pulled outward and is located in the right position in FIG. 4, the first working oil port (ie, the oil port V) is closed, and the second inlet is connected to the third working oil port. Therefore, the pressurized oil from the oil chamber P is supplied to the five sets of the reversing valves 9, and then the ports B (1, 2, 3, 4) can be entered under the control of the respective reversing valves 9, thereby entering the first to The legs of the fourth leg have no rod cavity. For the fifth leg, the pressurized fluid can enter the rodless cavity of the leg cylinder of the fifth leg through the E port.
  • the second working oil port ie, the oil port H
  • the oil return port ie, the oil port T
  • the first working port ie, port V
  • the second inlet i.e., port H
  • the oil chamber P supplies a source of pressurized oil to the oil chamber H, thereby allowing the pressurized oil to be supplied to the legs of each of the first to fifth legs to have a rod cavity.
  • the third working port is connected to the oil return port (ie, the oil port T) to allow the hydraulic oil in the legless cavity of the first to fifth legs to pass through the first to fifth exchanges.
  • the port B (1, 2, 3, 4) of the valve 9 and the selector valve 4 are returned to the port T to retract the legs.
  • the hydraulic fluid of the fifth leg without the rod cavity can be returned to the oil port E.
  • the pressure oil source pushes the two-position two-way hydraulic control valve core 15 to make the two positions
  • the two-way hydraulic control valve 7 is turned on, thereby establishing a passage between the rodless chamber of the fifth leg and the oil tank, thereby allowing hydraulic oil from the rodless chamber of the fifth leg without passing through the reversing valve 9 But directly through the two-position two-way hydraulic control Valve 7 can be returned to port T to retract the fifth leg.
  • the vertical leg cylinder must be preferentially retracted when retracted at the same time. Therefore, even if the user mistakenly believes that the leg cylinder of the fifth leg has been completely retracted and gives up the leg cylinder, when the horizontal cylinder is closed, the leg cylinder of the fifth leg is also preferentially retracted, thereby effectively avoiding A safety incident caused by a user's mishandling.
  • the fifth leg when the horizontal cylinder is retracted or when the leg cylinder is retracted, the fifth leg can be completely retracted, thereby avoiding the possibility that the fifth leg is damaged, thereby implementing the present invention.
  • the oil return port of the pilot 2-position two-way valve 7 is connected to the third working port of the selector valve 4 as a three-position six-way valve. Therefore, when the three-position six-way valve is in the second position, the oil return port of the hydraulic control 2/2-way valve 7 can communicate with the fuel tank through the third working port communicating with the oil return port of the selector valve 4. Therefore, the hydraulically controlled 2nd-position valve 7 and the selector valve 4 can be more compactly connected to obtain a relatively compact structure.
  • the control circuit further includes a hydraulically controlled check valve 22 connected in series with the legs of each of the first to fifth legs having a rod cavity and the three-position six Between the second working port of the valve (ie, port H), the control port of the pilot valve is connected to the third working port of the three-way valve.
  • the working principle of the pilot operated check valve 22 is: when the selector valve 4 as the three-position six-way valve is in the second position, the pilot operated check valve 22 only allows the pressure oil to flow to each of the first to the first
  • the legs of the five legs have a rod cavity, and the legs of each leg are prevented from flowing back in the rod cavity, thereby obtaining better safety and reliability.
  • the pressure oil passes through the control port of the pilot operated check valve 22 to turn the pilot control check valve on, and allows each of the first The legs to the fifth leg have oil returning from the rod cavity to the second working port.
  • the reversing valve 9 has five groups, three-position four-way, and parallel oil passages; when the valve stem of the selection valve 4 is pulled outward, the pressure oil of the oil chamber P supplies oil to the five groups of the reversing valves 9, When the valve stem of the reversing valve 9 is pulled outward, the reversing valve 9 supplies the pressurized oil to each port B (1, 2, 3, 4), thereby outputting the pressure oil to the rodless cavity of the horizontal cylinder; When the valve stem of the reversing valve 9 is pushed inward, the reversing valve 9 supplies the pressurized oil to the ports E and A (1, 2, 3, 4) to output the pressure oil to the rodless chamber of the leg cylinder.
  • the relief valve 3 ensures that the pressure oil source output from each working port of the valve has a maximum pressure value of a rated value for safety protection.
  • the overload valve 5 ensures that the pressure source of the rodless chamber of each leg cylinder is supplied with a maximum pressure of one rated value for overload protection.

Description

起重机多支腿的控制回路以及下车多路换向阀 技术领域
本发明涉及起重机领域, 更具体地说, 涉及用于液压起重机下车系统 的起重机多支腿的控制回路以及下车多路换向阀。 背景技术
随着国内在液压汽车起重机等工程机械设备方面制造技术的飞速发 展, 大吨位液压汽车起重机陆续开发并投入市场, 已能替代进口产品, 在 数量及质量上都突飞猛进。 目前市场上,在 20t及以上吨位的液压汽车起重 机上均采用了五条液压承重支腿, 在车头增加了第五支腿承重, 在不断减 轻相对自重和简化结构的情况下而不影响载重量, 从而能够避免作业时由 于自重不足而容易导致的前倾翻, 以确保吊重时的安全。
现有国内液压起重机上采用的下车换向阀如中国专利 ZL01244646.7公 开了一种 "新型汽车起重机下车液压多路阀", 解决了汽车起重机下车支腿 水平液压缸活塞杆弯曲变形问题, 及减少整机漏油环节。 中国专利 ZL200520049716.7公开了一种 "整体式多路换向阀", 提供了一种整体式铸 造成形油道、 结构紧凑、 加工简单、 制造成本低、 压力损失小、 具有节能 降耗作用与能防止水平缸自行伸出的自锁功能的整体式多路换向阀。 上述 两种发明虽相应增加了第五支腿的控制机能阀片, 但都存在一个严重的安 全操作隐患, 即对五条支腿的收回没有实施可靠控制, 致用户使用时, 经 常出现不同步操作行为, 使第五支腿滞后收起、 独立承重而变形受损, 甚 至发生安全事故。
具体来说, 由于第五支腿通常设置在不易观察的驾驶室下方。 因此, 当完成在作业地点的作业而离开时, 不细心的操作者在将其余四个垂直支 腿收起后, 会误认为第五支腿也完成收回, 从而在没有完全收回第五支腿 的情况下就移动车辆, 很容易导致第五支腿的损坏。
因此, 如何尽可能避免第五支腿会受到损害的可能性成为本领域中亟 待解决的技术问题。 发明内容
本发明所解决的技术问题是如何尽可能避免第五支腿会受到损坏的可 能性。
针对该技术问题, 本发明提供了一种起重机多支腿的控制回路, 所述 起重机包括设置在该起重机侧部的第一至第四支腿以及设置在该起重机前 部的第五支腿, 所述控制回路包括:
选择阀, 该选择阀为三位六通阀, 该三位六通阀具有连接于压力油源 的第一入口和第二入口, 连接于油箱的回油口, 连接于上车控制系统的第 一工作油口, 连接于各个所述第一至第五支腿的支腿有杆腔的第二工作油 口以及连接于各个所述第一至第五支腿的支腿无杆腔的第三工作油口; 第一至第五换向阀, 所述三位六通阀的所述第三工作油口通过所述第 一至第五换向阀而连接于所述第一至第五支腿的支腿无杆腔;
其中, 所述控制回路还包括常闭的液控二位二通阀, 该液控二位二通 阀连接在所述第五支腿的支腿无杆腔与油箱之间, 该液控二位二通阀的控 制口连接于所述三位六通阀的第二工作油口,
其中, 在所述三位六通阀位于中间位置时, 所述第二入口截止, 所述 第一入口与所述第一工作油口接通, 从而允许压力油液供应到所述上车压 力油口;
在所述三位六通阀位于第一位置时, 所述第一工作油口截止, 所述第 二入口与所述第三工作油口接通, 从而允许压力油液通过所述第一至第五 换向阀而分别供应到所述第一至第五支腿的支腿无杆腔, 所述第二工作油 口与所述回油口接通, 从而允许各个所述第一至第五支腿的支腿有杆腔中 的液压油回流到所述回油口;
在所述三位六通阀位于第二位置时, 所述第一工作油口截止, 所述第 二入口与所述第二工作油口接通, 从而允许压力油液供应到各个所述第一 至第五支腿的支腿有杆腔, 所述第三工作油口与所述回油口接通, 以允许 所述第一至第五支腿的支腿无杆腔中的液压油通过所述第一至第五换向阀 回流到所述回油口, 同时所述液控二位二通阀接通, 从而在所述第五支腿 的无杆腔与所述油箱之间建立通路。
优选地, 所述液控二位二通阀的回油口与所述三位六通阀的第三工作 油口连接。
优选地, 所述控制回路还包括液控单向阀, 该液控单向阀串联在各个 所述第一至第五支腿的支腿有杆腔与所述三位六通阀的的第二工作油口之 间, 该液控单向阀的控制口连接于所述三位流通阀的第三工作油口, 其中, 在所述三位六通阀位于第二位置时, 所述液控单向阀仅允许压力油液流向 各个所述第一至第五支腿的支腿有杆腔; 在所述三位六通阀位于所述第一 位置时, 所述压力油液通过所述液控单向阀的控制口使该液控单向阀接通, 而允许各个所述第一至第五支腿的支腿有杆腔中的油液回流到所述第二工 作油口。
此外, 根据本发明, 带二位二通液控阀的下车多路换向阀包括一个操 纵阀和一个二位二通液控阀, 其中: 二位二通液控阀通过螺栓连接在操纵 阀的第五支腿的换向阀片上,二位二通液控阀上的连接油口 C、 D分别与操 纵阀上的油道 a2、 a3相连通。 该下车多路换向阀可用于上述起重机多支腿 的控制回路中。
操纵阀包括阀体, 阀体表面有外部连接油口 P、 T、 V、 Η、 Ε、 Α和 B, 阀体内部有铸造成形油腔和油道, 其上依次装有溢流阀、 选择阀、 过载阀、 液控单向阀、 5组换向阀、 5组单向阀。
所述二位二通液控阀包括阀体, 阀体表面有外部连接油口 C、 D、 K、 Ο 和内部的机加成形油腔和油道, 二位二通液控阀的阀体为机加成形片式 阀体, 阀体内装有二位二通液控阀芯和阻尼杆。 本发明的优点在于:
能够对五条支腿的收回予以可靠控制, 当用户使用时, 不会出现不同 步操作而使第五支腿独立承重而变形受损, 能防止安全事故发生的下车多 路换向阀。
而且, 通过在根据本发明的起重机多支腿的控制回路中设置二位二通 液控阀, 使下车液压多路阀对五条支腿的收回可靠控制, 即不管是收回水 平缸还是支腿缸时, 第五支腿都会确保被完全收回, 避免了因不同步操作, 经常使第五支腿受损的事故发生, 极大地增强了汽车起重机的安全操作性
附图说明
图 1是根据本发明的带二位二通液控阀的下车多路换向阀的外形图; 图 2是沿图 1中 F-F的剖视图;
图 3是二位二通液控阀的外形图;
图 4是根据本发明的起重机多支腿的控制回路的原理图。 主要部件的附图标记
1 操纵阀;
2 阀体;
3 溢流阀
4 选择阀
5 过载阀
6 液控单向阀
7 二位二通液
8 阀体
9 换向阀
10 单向阀
11 螺堵
12 阻尼杆 13 O型密封圈
14 螺栓
15 二位二通液控阀芯
16 弹簧座
17 弹簧
18 密封垫
19 弹簧座
20 换向阀芯
21 换向机构
22 液控单向阀 具体实施方式
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一部的详细描述:
在图 1中: 操纵阀 1的阀体 2采用整体式铸造油道设计, 其上依次装 有溢流阀 3、 选择阀 4、 过载阀 5、 液控单向阀 6、 5组换向阀 9、 5组单向 阀 10; 二位二通液控阀 7的阀体 8为机加成形片式阀体, 阀体 8内装有二 位二通液控阀芯 15和阻尼杆 12, 阀体 8通过螺栓连接在阀体 2上; P为压 力油源接口, T为回油接口, H为支腿缸有杆腔接口, V为上车压力油源接 口, E、 A ( 1、 2、 3、 4) 为支腿缸无杆腔接口、 B ( 1、 2、 3、 4) 为水平 缸无杆腔接口。
在图 2中: 二位二通液控阀 7有阀体 8, 阀体 8中安装有螺堵 11、 阻 尼杆 12、 0型密封圈 13、 螺栓 14、 二位二通液控阀芯 15、 弹簧座 16、 弹 簧 17、 密封垫 18、 弹簧座 19; 在阀体 8中有油道 bl、 b2、 b4、 b5; 二位 二通液控阀芯 15左端与螺堵 11相抵, 右端通过弹簧座 16上的弹簧 17与 弹簧座 19相抵; 阻尼杆 12由螺紋旋入阀体 8的油道 b4中, 阻尼杆 12上 有油道 b3; 换向阀 9包括阀体 2, 阀体 2上安装有换向阀芯 20和换向机构 21; 阀体 2上有油 Π Ε、 油道 al、 a2、 a3; 换向阀芯 20上有油道 a4、 a5、 a6。
当选择阀 4的阀杆向内推, 换向阀 9的阀杆处于中位, 控制油源由油 口 K经油道 b3到油道 b2, 推动二位二通液控阀芯 15向右移动, 第五支腿 无杆腔油液从油口 E经油道 al、 油道 a6、 油道 a5、 油道 a4、 油道 a3、 油 道 b5、 油道 bl、 油道 a2到油口 T回油箱。
当选择阀 4的阀杆向内推, 换向阀 9阀杆向外拉, 即换向阀 9的阀杆 向右移动,第五支腿无杆腔油液从油口 E经油道 al、油道 a2到油口 T回油 箱。
在图 3中: 二位二通液控阀 7的阀体 8外表面有油口 C、 D、 K、 0, 分别与油道 a2、 油道 a3、 油道 b4、 油口 T相通。
虽然以上示例性地描述了各个阀的设置方式, 但本发明并不限于此, 例如上述各个阀可以制作为单个整体的阀装置, 以获得较为紧凑的结构。 或者, 上述各个阀分别为单独的阀, 而是通过管路彼此连接在一起。 因此, 根据不同的工况要求, 可以选择不同的设计方式。
图 4是根据本发明的起重机多支腿的控制回路的原理图, 用于表示根 据本发明的液压起重机多支腿的控制回路。 该选择阀 4的油口 Ρ接压力油 源, 油口 Τ接回油箱; 油口 V接上车控制系统; 油口 Η接支腿缸与水平缸 有杆腔。 各个换向阀 9的油口 A ( 1、 2、 3、 4) 接支腿缸无杆腔, 油口 B ( 1、 2、 3、 4) 接水平缸无杆腔, 其中用于第五支腿的换向阀的油口 E接 第五支腿缸无杆腔。
本发明还提供了一种液压起重机多支腿的控制回路, 所述起重机包括 设置在该起重机侧部的第一至第四支腿以及设置在该起重机前部的第五支 腿, 如图所示 (尤其是参考图 4), 所述控制回路包括:
选择阀 4, 该选择阀 4为三位六通阀, 该三位六通阀具有连接于压力油 源的第一入口和第二入口 (如图 4所示, 均可作为油口 P), 连接于油箱的 回油口 (即油口 T) , 连接于上车控制系统的第一工作油口 (即油口 V), 连 接于各个所述第一至第五支腿的支腿有杆腔的第二工作油口 (即油口 H, 当然, 如上所述该油口 H也可连接于水平缸的有杆腔) 以及连接于各个所 述第一至第五支腿的支腿无杆腔的第三工作油口;
第一至第五换向阀 9,所述三位六通阀的所述第三工作油口通过所述第 一至第五换向阀 9而连接于所述第一至第五支腿的支腿无杆腔, 具体来说, 根据控制的需要, 第一至第四换向阀 9可以选择连接到 A ( 1, 2, 3, 4) 和 /或 B ( 1, 2, 3, 4), 第五换向阀可以通过 E口而连接到第五支腿的支腿 无杆腔;
其中,所述控制回路还包括常闭的液控二位二通阀 7, 该液控二位二通 阀 7连接在所述第五支腿的支腿无杆腔与油箱之间, 该液控二位二通阀 7 的控制口连接于所述三位六通阀的第二工作油口。
下面结合附图(尤其是图 4)对根据本发明的技术方案的控制回路的工 作过程进行详细描述。 当选择阀 4的阀杆处于中位时 (即作为选择阀 4的三位六通阀位于中 间位置时), 第二入口截止, 第一入口与第一工作油口接通, 从而允许油腔 P的压力油液经上车压力油口 V通向上车控制系统。
当选择阀 4处于第一位置时, 即阀杆往外拉而位于图 4中的右位时, 所述第一工作油口 (即油口 V) 截止, 第二入口与第三工作油口接通, 从 而来自油腔 P的压力油液供应到五组换向阀 9,进而在各个换向阀 9的控制 下可以进入油口 B ( 1、 2、 3、 4), 从而进入第一至第四支腿的支腿无杆腔。 对于第五支腿来说, 则压力油液可以通过 E 口而进入第五支腿的支腿缸的 无杆腔。 同时, 所述第二工作油口 (即油口 H) 与所述回油口 (即油口 T) 接通, 从而允许各个所述第一至第五支腿的支腿有杆腔中的液压油回流到 所述回油口。 因而, 能够使对应的支腿伸出, 并且使第五支腿伸出。
当选择阀 4位于第二位置时 (即阀杆往里推而位于图 4中的左位), 所 述第一工作油口 (即油口 V) 截止, 第二入口与所述第二工作油口 (即油 口 H) 接通, 则油腔 P向油腔 H提供压力油源, 从而允许压力油液供应到 各个所述第一至第五支腿的支腿有杆腔。 同时,第三工作油口与回油口(即 油口 T)接通, 以允许所述第一至第五支腿的支腿无杆腔中的液压油通过所 述第一至第五换向阀 9的油口 B ( 1、 2、 3、 4)和选择阀 4而回流到油口 T, 以使各个支腿收回。
对于第五支腿来说, 该第五支腿的无杆腔的液压油则可以回油到油口 E,此时,压力油源推动二位二通液控阀芯 15,使该二位二通液控阀 7接通, 从而在所述第五支腿的无杆腔与所述油箱之间建立通路, 因而允许来自于 第五支腿无杆腔的液压油无需经过换向阀 9而是直接经过该二位二通液控 阀 7即可回流到 T口, 以使第五支腿收回。
由此可见, 在回收各个支腿的过程中, 由于已经为第五支腿的无杆腔 的液压油建立了连通到油箱的通路, 因而总会优先保证第五支腿的回收, 总是能够确保第五支腿完全回收, 以能够尽可能减少第五支腿会受到损坏 的可能性, 实现本发明的目的。
此外, 由于操作者的操纵必然为 "先收回支腿缸, 再收水平缸", 而水 平缸通常比支腿缸更大, 因此在同时收回时, 垂直的支腿缸必然是优先收 回的, 因此即使用户误以为第五支腿的支腿缸已完全收回而放弃继续收支 腿缸, 在其收水平缸时, 第五支腿的支腿缸也同样会被优先收回, 从而可 有效避免因用户误操纵造成的安全事故。 因此, 在无论在收回水平缸时, 还是在收回支腿缸时, 按照本发明的技术方案都能够确保第五支腿被完全 收回, 从而避免第五支腿受到损害的可能性, 进而实现本发明的目的。
如图 4所示, 优选地, 所述液控二位二通阀 7的回油口与作为三位六 通阀的选择阀 4 的第三工作油口连接。 因此, 当在所述三位六通阀位于第 二位置时, 液控二位二通阀 7的回油口可以通过与选择阀 4回油口相通的 第三工作油口而与油箱相通。 因而, 可以液控二位二通阀 7与选择阀 4更 为紧凑地连接起来, 以获得较为紧凑的结构。
当然, 液控二位二通阀 7的回油口直接连通到油箱也是可以的。
如图 4所示, 所述控制回路还包括液控单向阀 22, 该液控单向阀 22 串联在各个所述第一至第五支腿的支腿有杆腔与所述三位六通阀的第二工 作油口 (即油口 H) 之间, 该液控单向阀的控制口连接于所述三位流通阀 的第三工作油口。 该液控单向阀 22的工作原理为: 在作为三位六通阀的选择阀 4位于第 二位置时, 所述液控单向阀 22仅允许压力油液流向各个所述第一至第五支 腿的支腿有杆腔, 而防止各个支腿的支腿有杆腔中的液压油回流, 从而获 得较好的安全可靠性。
在所述三位六通阀位于所述第一位置时, 所述压力油液通过所述液控 单向阀 22的控制口使该液控单向阀接通, 而允许各个所述第一至第五支腿 的支腿有杆腔中的油液回流到所述第二工作油口。
参考图 4, 换向阀 9共五组, 三位四通, 并联油路; 当选择阀 4的阀杆 往外拉时, 油腔 P的压力油液给五组换向阀 9供油, 此时, 换向阀 9的阀 杆往外拉时, 换向阀 9将压力油液供应给各个油口 B ( 1,2,3,4), 从而输出 压力油到水平缸的无杆腔; 当换向阀 9的阀杆往里推时, 换向阀 9将压力 油液供应给油口 E和 A ( 1,2,3,4) 输出压力油到支腿缸的无杆腔。
此外, 溢流阀 3确保该阀各工作油口输出的压力油源其压力最高值为 一额定值, 起安全保护作用。 过载阀 5确保输入各支腿缸无杆腔的压力油 源其压力最高值为一额定值, 起过载保护作用。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种起重机多支腿的控制回路, 所述起重机包括设置在该起重机侧 部的第一至第四支腿以及设置在该起重机前部的第五支腿, 所述控制回路 包括:
选择阀 (4), 该选择阀 (4) 为三位六通阀, 该三位六通阀具有连接于 压力油源的第一入口和第二入口, 连接于油箱的回油口, 连接于上车控制 系统的第一工作油口 (V), 连接于各个所述第一至第五支腿的支腿有杆腔 的第二工作油口 (H)以及连接于各个所述第一至第五支腿的支腿无杆腔的 第三工作油口;
第一至第五换向阀 (9), 所述三位六通阀的所述第三工作油口通过所 述第一至第五换向阀 (9) 而连接于所述第一至第五支腿的支腿无杆腔; 其特征在于, 所述控制回路还包括常闭的液控二位二通阀 (7 ), 该液 控二位二通阀 (7)连接在所述第五支腿的支腿无杆腔与油箱之间, 该液控 二位二通阀 (7 ) 的控制口连接于所述三位六通阀的第二工作油口,
其中, 在所述三位六通阀位于中间位置时, 所述第二入口截止, 所述 第一入口与所述第一工作油口接通, 从而允许压力油液供应到所述上车压 力油口 (V);
在所述三位六通阀位于第一位置时, 所述第一工作油口截止, 所述第 二入口与所述第三工作油口接通, 从而允许压力油液通过所述第一至第五 换向阀 (9) 而分别供应到所述第一至第五支腿的支腿无杆腔, 所述第二工 作油口与所述回油口接通, 从而允许各个所述第一至第五支腿的支腿有杆 在所述三位六通阀位于第二位置时, 所述第一工作油口截止, 所述第 二入口与所述第二工作油口接通, 从而允许压力油液供应到各个所述第一 至第五支腿的支腿有杆腔, 所述第三工作油口与所述回油口接通, 以允许 所述第一至第五支腿的支腿无杆腔中的液压油通过所述第一至第五换向阀
(9) 回流到所述回油口, 同时所述液控二位二通阀 (7 ) 接通, 从而在所 述第五支腿的无杆腔与所述油箱之间建立通路。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述液控二位二通 阀 (7) 的回油口与所述三位六通阀的第三工作油口连接。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的控制回路, 其特征在于, 该控制回路还包括 液控单向阀 (22), 该液控单向阀 (22) 串联在各个所述第一至第五支腿的 支腿有杆腔与所述三位六通阀的的第二工作油口之间, 该液控单向阀 (22) 的控制口连接于所述三位流通阀的第三工作油口,
其中, 在所述三位六通阀位于第二位置时, 所述液控单向阀 (22) 仅 允许压力油液流向各个所述第一至第五支腿的支腿有杆腔; 在所述三位六 通阀位于所述第一位置时, 所述压力油液通过所述液控单向阀 (22) 的控 制口使该液控单向阀接通, 而允许各个所述第一至第五支腿的支腿有杆腔 中的油液回流到所述第二工作油口。
4. 下车多路换向阀, 该下车多路换向阀具有二位二通液控阀并包括一 个操纵阀和一个二位二通液控阀, 其特征在于: 二位二通液控阀通过螺栓 连接在操纵阀的第五支腿的换向阀片上, 二位二通液控阀上的连接油口 C、 D分别与操纵阀上的油道 a2、 a3相连通。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的下车多路换向阀, 其特征在于, 操纵阀包括 阀体, 阀体表面有外部连接油口 P、 T、 V、 Η、 Ε、 Α和 B, 阀体内部有铸 造成形油腔和油道, 其上依次装有溢流阀、 选择阀、 过载阀、 液控单向阀、 5组换向阀、 5组单向阀。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的下车多路换向阀, 其特征在于, 二位二通液 控阀包括阀体, 阀体表面有外部连接油口 C、 D、 K、 0和内部的机加成形 油腔和油道, 二位二通液控阀的阀体为机加成形片式阀体, 阀体内装有二 位二通液控阀芯和阻尼杆。
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