WO2011115091A1 - 電池システム - Google Patents
電池システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011115091A1 WO2011115091A1 PCT/JP2011/056006 JP2011056006W WO2011115091A1 WO 2011115091 A1 WO2011115091 A1 WO 2011115091A1 JP 2011056006 W JP2011056006 W JP 2011056006W WO 2011115091 A1 WO2011115091 A1 WO 2011115091A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- housing case
- battery housing
- battery
- wall surface
- separation distance
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
- H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- a secondary battery represented by a lithium ion secondary battery, etc. is a stacked body in which positive and negative electrode plates are alternately stacked, a cell case that accommodates the stacked body, and a cell case filled. It is composed of an electrolytic solution.
- such secondary batteries are generally used as a battery pack by combining a plurality of secondary batteries in a single battery storage case. And such a secondary battery deteriorates by charging / discharging repeatedly.
- a short circuit occurs inside the secondary battery, a large current flows and heat is generated, and a so-called thermal runaway may occur in which the internal temperature rapidly rises.
- the battery system of the present invention has a substantially box-shaped battery housing case, a laminated body constituted by laminating a plurality of electrode plates, and a cell case for housing the laminated body, At least one of the first side surfaces facing the stacking direction of the stacked body of the cell case, and at least one of the second side surfaces facing the direction orthogonal to the stacking direction, the battery housing case wall surface, or A single cell housed inside the battery housing case so as to face the battery housing case partition plate; A first separation distance between the first side surface and the battery housing case wall surface or the battery housing case partition plate facing the first side surface, and the second side surface and the second side surface.
- Separation state detection means for detecting a second separation distance from the battery housing case wall surface or the battery housing case partition plate, A control unit that determines that the corresponding unit cell is abnormal in internal pressure when both the first separation distance and the second separation distance are reduced based on the detection result by the separation state detection unit.
- the first distance which is the separation distance between each of the first side surface and the second side surface of the cell case of each unit cell and the battery housing case wall surface or the battery housing case partition plate by the separated state detection means.
- a separation distance and a second separation distance are detected.
- the control unit determines that the corresponding unit cell is abnormal in internal pressure when both the first separation distance and the second separation distance are reduced based on the detection result by the separation state detection unit. .
- the cell stack expands with charge / discharge
- the cell case expands in the stacking direction, and the expansion of the cell case is detected only at the corresponding position, that is, the first side surface.
- the control unit determines that the corresponding unit cell is abnormal in internal pressure, thereby simply charging and discharging. An internal pressure abnormality can be accurately detected without erroneously detecting the accompanying expansion of the cell case.
- the separation state detection means is interposed between the first side surface and the second side surface, and a battery housing case wall surface or a battery housing case partition plate facing each other. It is a piezoelectric element.
- the term “interposition” as used herein means that the piezoelectric element is disposed between the first side surface or the second side surface and the opposite wall surface, and is not necessarily in contact with both of them. There is no limitation, and a gap may be formed.
- the cell case expands, and the separation distance from the battery housing case wall surface or the battery housing case partition plate is narrowed, so that the cell case is interposed between the battery housing case wall surface or the battery housing case partition plate.
- the interposed piezoelectric element is compressed and deformed, and the first separation distance or the second separation distance can be detected by detecting the amount of compression deformation as an electrical signal.
- the piezoelectric element is attached to the battery housing case wall surface or the battery housing case partition plate.
- the piezoelectric element is attached to the battery housing case wall surface or the battery housing case partition plate, the trouble of attaching the piezoelectric element to the unit cell can be saved and each unit cell can be easily replaced. It can be carried out.
- the separation state detection unit is configured such that the separation state detection unit includes each of the first side surface and the second side surface. From one side to the other side, a light source that projects detection light between the opposing battery housing case wall surface or battery housing case partition plate, A light amount detector provided on the other side of each of the first side surface and the second side surface for detecting the light amount of the detection light.
- the cell case expands and the separation distance from the battery housing case wall surface or the battery housing case partition plate is narrowed, whereby the optical path width of the detection light emitted from the light source on one side toward the other side. Will be narrowed. For this reason, the light quantity of the detection light detected by the light quantity detector provided on the other side is reduced, and thereby the decrease in the first separation distance or the second separation distance can be detected.
- the separation state detection means may be configured such that, between the light source and the light amount detector, the corresponding first side surface or the second side surface, the battery housing case wall surface facing the first side surface, or the second side surface, And a space between the battery housing case partition plate and a space through which the detection light can be transmitted.
- the detection light emitted from the light source passes through the gap of the light transmission member and is detected by the light amount detector.
- the optical path width of the detection light is narrowed and the light transmitting member is elastically contracted as described above.
- the size of the gap is reduced, and this also blocks the detection light. For this reason, the change of the separation distance between the cell case and the battery housing case wall surface or the battery housing case partition plate can be detected with higher sensitivity.
- the internal pressure abnormality can be accurately detected for each single battery by the expansion of the cell case.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along a cutting line AA in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 4 is the perspective view which fractured
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along a cutting line BB in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram which shows the detail of a connection of a secondary battery and CMU in the battery system of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- It is a flowchart which shows the determination procedure of abnormal internal pressure in the battery system of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG. 20. It is explanatory drawing explaining the mode of expansion of the cell case of a secondary battery in the battery system of the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing explaining the detection state in the light quantity detector when the expansion
- FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view taken along a cutting line DD in FIG. 25.
- the battery system 1 of this embodiment includes an assembled battery 20 composed of a plurality of secondary batteries 2 that are unit cells, and a BMS (Battery) that is a control unit that monitors and controls the assembled battery 20. Management System) 30.
- the assembled battery 20 includes a plurality of battery modules 21 including a plurality of secondary batteries 2.
- the battery module 21a and 21b are provided.
- the battery module 21a is comprised by the four secondary batteries 2 (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d).
- the battery module 21b is also composed of four secondary batteries 2 (2e, 2f, 2g, 2h).
- the assembled battery 20 is connected to the power load 40 and can be charged and discharged.
- the BMS 30 is connected to the control device 41 in the host system 100 in which the battery system 1 is mounted as a power source.
- the BMS 30 can input and output various signals, and each secondary battery can be connected to the control device 41. 2 is output, information about the secondary battery 2 is displayed on the display unit 42 via the control device 41, and the user can be notified.
- the host system 100 is an electric vehicle.
- the power load 40 is an electric motor or an electric power converter such as an inverter connected to wheels (not shown). The operation of the power converter and the rotation speed of the electric motor are controlled.
- the power load 40 may be an electric motor that drives a wiper or the like.
- the host system 100 may be, for example, an industrial vehicle such as a forklift, a train, or a mobile body such as an airplane or a ship in which a propeller or a screw is connected to an electric motor that is the power load 40.
- the system may be a stationary system such as a household power storage system or a grid interconnection smoothing power storage system combined with a natural energy power generation such as a windmill or sunlight. That is, the present invention relates to the entire system that uses charge / discharge of electric power by the secondary battery 2.
- the BMS 30 concentrates a plurality of secondary batteries 2 based on a CMU (Cell Monitor Unit) 32 that monitors the state of each secondary battery 2 of the assembled battery 20 and a signal output from the CMU 32. It has a BMU (Battery Management Unit) 33 that manages and inputs / outputs signals to / from the control device 41 of the host system 100.
- the detection values monitored by the CMU 32 include, for example, the separation between each secondary battery 2 and the battery housing case 22 outside thereof, in addition to the inter-terminal voltage, can potential, internal resistance, can temperature, etc. of each secondary battery 2. There is a distance.
- the BMU 33 detects an internal pressure abnormality in each secondary battery 2 based on the input separation distance. Details will be described later.
- the CMU 32 performs processing for outputting the monitored detection value to the BMU 33.
- one CMU 32 is provided corresponding to one battery module 21, and in this embodiment, one CMU 32 is provided corresponding to two battery modules 21a and 21b. Yes.
- each battery module 21 constituting the assembled battery 20 includes four secondary batteries 2, a substantially box-shaped battery housing case 22 in which these secondary batteries 2 are housed, and a battery.
- each secondary battery 2 is provided in a laminated body 4 formed by laminating a plurality of electrode plates 3, a cell case 5 that accommodates the laminated body 4, and the cell case 5. And electrode terminal 6. An electrolytic solution is injected into the cell case 5.
- the electrode plate 3 includes a positive electrode plate 3A and a negative electrode plate 3B, and the positive electrode plates 3A and the negative electrode plates 3B are alternately stacked.
- the positive electrode plate 3A is covered with a separator 7 so that the positive electrode plate 3A and the negative electrode plate 3B are insulated.
- the cell case 5 is comprised by the substantially rectangular shape.
- the laminated body 4 is accommodated in the inside of the cell case 5 so that the lamination direction X may correspond with the opposing direction of the 1st side surfaces 51 and 52 which the cell case 5 mutually opposes.
- the side surfaces facing each other in the direction Y orthogonal to the stacking direction X are referred to as second side surfaces 53 and 54.
- the electrode terminal 6 includes a positive electrode terminal 6A and a negative electrode terminal 6B, and a terminal protruding direction Z that is perpendicular to the stacking direction X and is perpendicular to the upper end surface 55 of the cell case 5, respectively. Is provided to protrude. Further, the positive electrode plate 3A and the negative electrode plate 3B are respectively provided with a positive electrode tab 3a and a negative electrode tab 3b protruding in the terminal protruding direction Z, and the corresponding positive electrode terminal 6A or negative electrode terminal 6B is provided inside the cell case 5. Electrically connected. In addition, screw holes 6a are formed in the upper end surfaces of the positive electrode terminal 6A and the negative electrode terminal 6B, respectively.
- the battery housing case 22 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape, and includes a battery housing portion 22A in which the secondary battery 2 is housed and a substrate housing portion 22B in which the CMU 32 is housed.
- a battery housing portion 22A in which the secondary battery 2 is housed
- a substrate housing portion 22B in which the CMU 32 is housed.
- the battery housing case 22 in each of the four secondary batteries 2, one of the first side surfaces 51 and 52 facing each other is opposed to the battery housing case wall surface 22 a of the battery housing case 22 or the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23 a.
- the second side surfaces 53 and 54 facing each other are similarly arranged in two rows and two columns so that one of them faces the battery housing case wall surface 22a of the battery housing case 22 or the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23a.
- a bus bar 25 is connected between the electrode terminals 6 of the four secondary batteries 2 so as to be connected in series.
- the bus bar 25 has one end connected to the positive electrode terminal 6 ⁇ / b> A of one secondary battery 2 and the other end connected to the negative electrode terminal 6 ⁇ / b> B of the other secondary battery 2.
- Through holes 25a are formed at both ends of the bus bar 25, and fixing bolts 26 are screwed into the screw holes 6a of the corresponding electrode terminals 6 through the through holes 25a.
- the bus bar 25 is connected by sandwiching the bus bar 25 therebetween.
- the four secondary batteries 2 are connected in a U-shape so that the positive and negative electrode lead-out portions are provided on one surface side of the battery housing case 22, and the two ends of the series connection are two.
- Each bus bar 25 connected to the secondary battery 2 protrudes outside the battery housing case 22 and constitutes an electrode extraction portion.
- the separation state detection means 24 is provided between the battery housing case wall surface 22a and the first side surface 51, between the battery housing case wall surface 22a and the second side surface 53, or the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23a. And a first side surface 52 and a piezoelectric element interposed between the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23 a and the second side surface 54. Specifically, the piezoelectric element constituting the separated state detecting means 24 is at a position that is substantially the center of the first side surfaces 51 and 52 and the second side surfaces 53 and 54, or the battery housing case wall surface 22a or the battery housing. It is attached to the case partition plate wall surface 23a side.
- the piezoelectric element corresponding to the first side surfaces 51 and 52 is referred to as a first piezoelectric element 24a
- the piezoelectric element corresponding to the second side surfaces 53 and 54 is referred to as a second piezoelectric element 24b.
- the cell case 5 expands between the first piezoelectric element 24a and the second piezoelectric element 24b and the corresponding first side face 51, 52 or second side face 53, 54, respectively. It is set so that a slight gap is formed in a state where it is not.
- a temperature measurement terminal 27 that can measure the temperature of the cell case 5, a positive terminal 6 ⁇ / b> A, and a negative terminal 6 ⁇ / b> B corresponding to each secondary battery 2.
- a second voltage measurement terminal 29 capable of measuring a can potential which is a potential difference between the cell case 5 and the positive electrode terminal 6A.
- the CMU 32 includes a first signal element 24 a and a second element 24 b corresponding to each secondary battery 2, a temperature measurement terminal 27, a first voltage measurement terminal 28, and a second voltage measurement terminal through separate signal lines. 29, the secondary battery 2 corresponding to the detection value input from the signal line is specified by the signal line that has received the input, and the ID of the secondary battery 2 and the information of the detection value are sent to the BMU 33. Output.
- One separation distance W1 a separation distance between the battery housing case wall surface 22a and the second side surface 53 detected by the second piezoelectric element 24b, or a separation between the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23a and the second side surface 54.
- the distance is referred to as a second separation distance W2.
- the BMU 33 includes a detection signal acquisition unit 33a that acquires a detection signal corresponding to each secondary battery 2 from each CMU 32, and the first piezoelectric element 24a and the first of the ones acquired by the detection signal acquisition unit 33a.
- a separation distance evaluation unit 33b that evaluates a separation distance between the secondary battery 2 and the battery housing case wall surface 22a or the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23a based on a detection signal from the second piezoelectric element 24b, and a separation distance evaluation unit 33b
- the internal pressure abnormality determining unit 33c that determines the presence or absence of the internal pressure abnormality based on the evaluation result in the above, and the information of the secondary battery 2 that is a warning target based on the determination result in the internal pressure abnormality determining unit 33c is output to the control device 41.
- a warning output unit 33d that determines the presence or absence of the internal pressure abnormality based on the evaluation result in the above, and the information of the secondary battery 2 that is a warning target based on the determination result in the
- the detection signal acquisition unit 33a acquires IDs of the plurality of secondary batteries 2 constituting the assembled battery 20 and corresponding detection values, and the first piezoelectric element 24a and the second piezoelectric element 24a.
- the detection value from each piezoelectric element 24b and the ID of the secondary battery 2 are associated with each other and output to the separation distance evaluation unit 33b (step S100).
- the separation distance evaluation unit 33b evaluates the first separation distance W1 and the second separation distance W2 for each secondary battery 2. Specifically, it is evaluated whether or not the detection values of the first piezoelectric element 24a and the second piezoelectric element 24b with the ID of the same secondary battery 2 are equal to or larger than a preset threshold value, and the evaluation result is determined as an internal pressure abnormality determination. It outputs to the part 33c (step S101).
- the cell case 5 when the cell case 5 expands and the distance between each side surface and the battery housing case wall surface 22a or the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23a becomes small, the cell case 5 Between the first side surface 51, 52 or the second side surface 53, 54 and the battery housing case wall surface 22a or the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23a and compressively deformed, and the distortion is output as a detection value. Will be.
- being equal to or greater than the threshold value means that the first side surfaces 51 and 52 or the second side surfaces 53 and 54 of the cell case 5 are compressed and deformed more than the distortion corresponding to the threshold value.
- the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23a is deformed in a convex shape outward.
- the internal pressure abnormality determination unit 33c first refers to the evaluation result relating to the first piezoelectric element 24a, and determines whether or not the detected value of the first piezoelectric element 24a is equal to or greater than a threshold value (step S102). Then, the internal pressure abnormality determination unit 33c determines that the internal pressure is normal when the detected value is less than the threshold value (NO), that is, when the first separation distance W1 is greater than a predetermined value corresponding to the threshold value. The process proceeds to S100, and the process from step S100 is executed again based on the newly received detection signal.
- the second piezoelectric element 24b is next related. With reference to the evaluation result, it is determined whether the detection value of the second piezoelectric element 24b is equal to or greater than a threshold value (step S103). If the detected value is less than the threshold value (NO), that is, if the second separation distance is greater than the predetermined value corresponding to the threshold value, the internal pressure abnormality determining unit 33c determines that the internal pressure is normal and proceeds to step S100. The process from step S100 is executed again based on the newly received detection signal.
- the detection value of the second piezoelectric element 24b is equal to or greater than the threshold value, that is, when the first separation distance W1 and the second separation distance W2 are equal to or less than a predetermined value corresponding to the threshold value, it is determined that the internal pressure is abnormal. Then, the ID of the corresponding secondary battery 2 is output to the warning target output unit 33d (step S104).
- the secondary battery 2 ⁇ / b> A in FIG. 9 when charging is performed in a normal state, the stacked body 4 expands in the stacking direction X along with the charging, and thus the cell case 5 has the stacking direction X
- the first side surfaces 51 and 52 corresponding to the above are deformed in a convex shape toward the outside.
- the second side surfaces 53 and 54 are disposed to face the direction Y orthogonal to the stacking direction X, they do not expand with the expansion of the stacked body 4, but rather are rigidly supported by the corners 56.
- the connected first side surfaces 51 and 52 are deformed into a concave shape under the influence of the convex shape. For this reason, as shown in FIG.
- the cell case 5 associated with normal charging / discharging It can be determined that this is expansion.
- the secondary battery 2B in FIG. 9 when the internal pressure rises, the cell case 5 expands, but the action of the internal pressure acts equally on the first side surfaces 51 and 52 and the second side surfaces 53 and 54. Therefore, in any case, it is deformed in a convex shape toward the outside. For this reason, as shown in FIG.
- the warning target output unit 33d outputs the input ID of the secondary battery 2 to the control device 41 by a digital signal (step S105). And the control apparatus 41 acquires ID of the corresponding secondary battery 2 based on the received digital signal, displays this ID on the display part 42, and is which secondary battery 2 is abnormal. Is recognized by the user.
- the first piezoelectric element 24a and the second piezoelectric element 24b are attached not to the secondary battery 2 side but to the battery housing case wall surface 22a or the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23a. . Therefore, it is necessary to provide not only the first piezoelectric element 24a and the second piezoelectric element 24b but also the wiring from the first piezoelectric element 24a and the second piezoelectric element 24b to the CMU 32 on the secondary battery 2 side. In addition, when the secondary battery 2 is replaced, the piezoelectric element and the wiring are not hindered. Further, it is possible to suppress the adhesion of the piezoelectric element from being weakened and dropped due to the expansion / contraction of the secondary battery 2 or the temperature change.
- the first piezoelectric element 24a and the second piezoelectric element 24b correspond to the first side face 51, 52 or the second side face 53 in a state where the cell case 5 is not expanded.
- , 54 is provided with a slight gap, but is not limited thereto, and may be sandwiched between the side surface and the battery housing case wall surface or the battery housing case partition plate.
- the first piezoelectric element 24a and the second piezoelectric element 24b output a constant detection value even in the initial state, and the first separation distance is obtained by subtracting the detection value in the initial state. What is necessary is just to evaluate W1 and the 2nd separation distance W2.
- the threshold values for evaluating the detection value of the first piezoelectric element 24a and the detection value of the second piezoelectric element 24b are treated as the same, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the threshold values in both detection values may be different.
- the abnormality is determined only when the detected value from the second piezoelectric element 24b is equal to or greater than the threshold value.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a limit value higher than the above threshold value is provided and the detection value from the first piezoelectric element 24a is equal to or greater than the limit value, regardless of the detection value from the second piezoelectric element 24b, It may be determined as abnormal.
- the battery system 1 may include a number measuring unit that counts the number of times that the detection value by the first piezoelectric element 24a is equal to or greater than a threshold value.
- a number measuring unit that counts the number of times that the detection value by the first piezoelectric element 24a is equal to or greater than a threshold value.
- the battery housing case 22 of the assembled battery 20 includes a partition plate 23 that partitions the secondary batteries 2 inside the battery housing case 22. . Since the secondary batteries 2 are also arranged in 2 rows and 2 columns in the present embodiment, the partition plates 23 that partition the secondary batteries 2 are in the direction orthogonal to the stacking direction X of the secondary batteries 2 and the stacking direction X, respectively. It is provided along Y and intersects at the center. Thus, each secondary battery 2 has one first side surface 51 opposed to the battery housing case wall surface 22a and the other first side surface 52 opposed to the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23a.
- each secondary battery 2 has one second side surface 53 opposed to the battery housing case wall surface 22a and the other second side surface 54 opposed to the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23a. . Further, between each side surface and each battery housing case wall surface 22a and each battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23a, at least the cell case 5 of the secondary battery 2 expands during normal charging and discharging, and each battery housing case wall surface. A gap is formed in such a size that it does not contact 22a and each battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23a.
- the separation state detection means 65 determines the separation distance between the first side surface 52 and the second side surfaces 53 and 54 and the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23 a in each secondary battery 2. It can be detected as the separation distance W1 and the second separation distance W2.
- the separation state detection unit 65 includes a light source 66 that projects the detection light L into the gap, and a first light amount detector that detects the amount of the detection light L projected from the light source 66 into each gap. 67 and a second light quantity detector 68.
- the light source 66 is fitted in the position where the battery housing case partition plates 23 cross each other, that is, at the approximate center of the secondary battery 2 in the height direction Z of each secondary battery 2. Yes.
- the first light amount detector 67 and the second light amount detector 68 correspond to the first side surface 52 and the second side surface 54 of each secondary battery 2 and are provided with a light source 66. It is attached to the battery housing case wall surface 22a on the other side opposite to the one side. Therefore, the detection light L emitted from the light source 66 is directed from the first side surface 52 and the second side surface 54 toward the other side from the first side surface 52 and the second side surface 54 of each secondary battery 2. It is possible to detect the first light amount detector 67 and the second light amount detector 68 by irradiating the gap between the side surface 54 of the battery and the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23a.
- the detected light amount is output as a detection value to the CMU 32 from each of the first light amount detector 67 and the second light amount detector 68 instead of the piezoelectric element.
- the detected value is output from the CMU 32 to the BMU 33, and the internal pressure abnormality of each secondary battery 2 is determined by the determination procedure shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 15, first, the detection signal acquisition unit 33 a acquires the IDs of the plurality of secondary batteries 2 constituting the assembled battery 20 and the corresponding detection values, and the first light quantity detector 67 and The detection value from each of the second light quantity detectors 68 and the ID of the secondary battery 2 are associated with each other and output to the separation distance evaluation unit 33b (step S100).
- the separation distance evaluation unit 33b evaluates the first separation distance W1 and the second separation distance W2 for each secondary battery 2. Specifically, it is evaluated whether or not the detection values of the first light quantity detector 67 and the second light quantity detector 68 of the ID of the same secondary battery 2 are equal to or less than a preset threshold value, and the evaluation result is determined as the internal pressure. It outputs to the abnormality determination part 33c (step S101).
- the amount of light detected by the first light amount detector 67 and the second light amount detector 68 is a distance between each side surface and the battery housing case wall surface 22a or the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23a as the cell case 5 expands. When becomes smaller, the detection light L from the light source 66 is limited, and the detected light quantity becomes smaller. For this reason, the detected light amount being equal to or less than the threshold means that the corresponding first side surface 51 or second side surface 53 of the cell case 5 is deformed outwardly toward the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23a.
- the internal pressure abnormality determination unit 33c first refers to the evaluation result regarding the first light quantity detector 67 corresponding to the first side surface 52, and determines whether or not the detection value at the first light quantity detector 67 is equal to or greater than a threshold value. (Step S102). If the detected value is greater than the threshold value (NO), that is, if the first separation distance W1 is greater than the predetermined value corresponding to the threshold value, the internal pressure abnormality determining unit 33c determines that the internal pressure is normal and step S100. The process from step S100 is executed again based on the newly received detection signal.
- the second light quantity detector is next. 68, it is determined whether or not the detection value of the second light quantity detector 68 is equal to or less than a threshold value (step S103).
- the internal pressure abnormality determining unit 33c is a predetermined value corresponding to the second separation distance W2 corresponding to the threshold value, as in the secondary battery 2A shown in FIGS. If it is larger, the internal pressure is normal and the process proceeds to step S100, and the process from step S100 is executed again based on the newly received detection signal.
- the detection value of the second light quantity detector 68 is equal to or less than the threshold value, that is, the first separation distance W1 and the second separation distance W2 are also the threshold value. And the corresponding secondary battery 2 ID is output to the warning target output unit 33d (step S104).
- the warning target output unit 33d outputs the input ID of the secondary battery 2 to the control device 41 by a digital signal (step S105). And the control apparatus 41 acquires ID of the corresponding secondary battery 2 based on the received digital signal, displays this ID on the display part 42, and is which secondary battery 2 is abnormal. Is recognized by the user.
- the BMU 33 sets and monitors thresholds for the first separation distance W1 and the second separation distance W2 detected by the first light amount detector 67 and the second light amount detector 68.
- the internal pressure abnormality determination unit 33c determines that the internal pressure abnormality is present when both of the threshold values are equal to or greater than the threshold value, so that it can be accurately detected without erroneously detecting expansion of the cell case 5 due to simple charge / discharge, as in the first embodiment. It is possible to detect abnormal internal pressure.
- the separated state detection unit 71 includes the light source 66 and the light amount detectors 67 and 68, the first side surface 52 and the second side of each secondary battery 2.
- a light transmission member 72 is further provided between each of the two side surfaces 54 and the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23a.
- the light transmitting member 72 is a member that can be elastically contracted, and a gap 72a is formed.
- the air gap 72a is a through-hole that can pass the detection light L along the optical path from the light source 66 to each of the first light quantity detector 67 and the second light quantity detector 68. It communicates with both sides.
- the light transmission member 72 is disposed over the entire height direction Z substantially at the center of the corresponding first side surface 52 or second side surface 54 of each secondary battery 2. For this reason, the detection light L emitted from the light source 66 passes through the gap 72a of the light transmitting member 72 and is irradiated to and detected by the first light quantity detector 67 or the second light quantity detector 68.
- the optical path width of the detection light L is reduced and the light transmission is performed as described above.
- the member 72 is elastically contracted to reduce the size of the gap 72a, and the detection light L is also blocked by this.
- the separation state detection means 81 has the same configuration as the separation distance detection means 71 of the third embodiment in that it includes a light source 66 and light amount detectors 67 and 68 shown in FIG.
- a light transmitting member that is provided between each of the first side surface 52 and the second side surface 54 and the battery housing case partition plate wall surface 23a and transmits the detection light L from the light source 66 toward the light quantity detectors 67 and 68.
- 83 has a different structure.
- the light transmitting member 83 of the present embodiment has a multi-layer structure, and between a pair of elastic portions 84 that can be elastically deformed in the thickness direction, and the pair of elastic portions 84. And an electrode portion 85 sandwiched therebetween.
- the pair of elastic portions 84 is made of, for example, a porous plate-like member such as a sponge.
- the electrode portion 85 includes a pair of conductive plates 86 and 87 made of a conductive material, and an insulating plate 88 made of an insulating material sandwiched between the pair of conductive plates 86 and 87. For this reason, the pair of conductive plates 86 and 87 are kept insulated by the insulating plate 88.
- a large number of gaps 83 a penetrating in the thickness direction are formed in the pair of elastic portions 84 and the pair of conductive plates 86 and 87 and the insulating plate 88 constituting the electrode portion 85.
- the light transmissive member 83 is emitted from the light source 66 by being installed between the corresponding side surface and the battery housing case partition plate so that the thickness direction is along the optical path from the light source 66 to each light quantity detector.
- the detected light L passed through the gap 83a can be detected by the light amount detector.
- the pair of conductive plates 86 and 87 are respectively connected to the conductivity detector 89 shown in FIG. 24, so that whether or not current flows between the pair of conductive plates 86 and 87 in the conductivity detector 89. Can be detected.
- an insulating plate 88 is interposed between the pair of conductive plates 86 and 87, no current flows between the two, but the electrolyte of the secondary battery 2 leaks and the inside of the gap 83a. Then, a current flows between the pair of conductive plates 86 and 87 via the flowing electrolytic solution and is detected by the conductivity detector 89.
- the leakage detecting means 82 that can detect the leakage of the corresponding secondary battery 2 by the electrode portion 85 including the pair of conductive plates 86 and 87 and the insulating plate 88 and the conductivity detector 89. It is composed. For this reason, in the battery system 80 of the present embodiment, the separated state detection means 81 can accurately determine the internal pressure abnormality of the secondary battery 2 and can also determine the liquid leakage abnormality.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2010年3月17日に、日本に出願された特願2010-061155号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
本発明の電池システムは、略箱状の電池収容ケースと、複数の電極板が積層されて構成された積層体、及び該積層体を収容するセルケースとを有し、
該セルケースの前記積層体の積層方向に対向する第一の側面の少なくとも一方、及び、前記積層方向と直交する方向に対向する第二の側面の少なくとも一方を、前記電池収容ケース壁面、または、電池収容ケース区画板に対向させるようにしてそれぞれ該電池収容ケース内部に収容された単電池と、
前記第一の側面と、該第一の側面に対向する電池収容ケース壁面または電池収容ケース区画板との第一の離間距離、及び、前記第二の側面と、該第二の側面に対向する電池収容ケース壁面または電池収容ケース区画板との第二の離間距離をそれぞれ検出する離間状態検出手段と、
該離間状態検出手段による検出結果に基づいて、前記第一の離間距離と前記第二の離間距離との両方が小さくなった場合に、対応する前記単電池が内圧異常であると判定する制御部とを備える。
なお、ここでいう介装とは、圧電素子が第一の側面または第二の側面と、対向する壁面との間に配されていることをいい、必ずしも両者に接触して挟み込まれた状態であることには限られず、隙間が形成されていても良い。
一辺側から他辺側へ向かって、対向する電池収容ケース壁面または電池収容ケース区画板との間に検出光を投光する光源と、
前記第一の側面及び前記第二の側面のそれぞれの他辺側に設けられ、前記検出光の光量を検出する光量検出器とを有する。
本発明の実施形態を図1から図10に基づいて説明する。図1から図10は、この実施形態の電池システム1を示している。図1に示すように、この実施形態の電池システム1は、複数の単電池である二次電池2から構成された組電池20と、組電池20を監視、制御する制御部であるBMS(Battery Management System)30とを有する。本実施形態では、組電池20は、複数の二次電池2から構成された電池モジュール21を複数組備えている。具体的には、二つの電池モジュール21a、21bを備えている。そして、電池モジュール21aは、四つの二次電池2(2a、2b、2c、2d)によって構成されている。同様に、電池モジュール21bも、四つの二次電池2(2e、2f、2g、2h)によって構成されている。そして、組電池20は、電力負荷40と接続されていて充放電を行うことが可能である。また、BMS30は、本電池システム1が電源として搭載された上位システム100における制御装置41と接続されていて、各種信号の入出力を行うことが可能であるとともに、制御装置41に各二次電池2に関する情報を出力し、制御装置41を介して表示部42に当該二次電池2に関する情報を表示して、使用者に報知することが可能となっている。
図1に示すように、BMS30は、組電池20の各二次電池2の状態を監視するCMU(Cell Monitor Unit)32と、CMU32から出力された信号に基づいて複数の二次電池2を集中管理するとともに、上位システム100の制御装置41との間で信号の入出力を行うBMU(Battery Management Unit)33とを有する。CMU32が監視する検出値としては、例えば、各二次電池2における端子間電圧、缶電位、内部抵抗、缶温度などの他に、各二次電池2とその外側の電池収容ケース22との離間距離がある。そして、本実施形態では、BMU33は、入力される当該離間距離に基づいて各二次電池2における内圧異常を検知する。詳細は後述する。
そして、セルケース5の内部には、電解液が注入されている。電極板3は、正極板3Aと負極板3Bとで構成され、正極板3Aと負極板3Bとが交互に積層されている。なお、正極板3Aは、セパレータ7により被覆されており、これにより正極板3Aと負極板3Bとの絶縁が図られている。また、セルケース5は、略直方状に構成されている。そして、積層体4は、その積層方向Xがセルケース5の互いに対向する第一の側面51、52の対向方向に一致するようにして、セルケース5の内部に収容されている。なお、積層方向Xに直交する方向Yに互いに対向する側面を第二の側面53、54と称する。また、電極端子6は、正極端子6Aと負極端子6Bとを有し、それぞれセルケース5の上端面55に、積層方向Xに直交し、該上端面55に垂直な方向となる端子突出方向Zに突出して設けられている。また、正極板3A及び負極板3Bには、それぞれ端子突出方向Zに正極タブ3a及び負極タブ3bが突出して設けられており、セルケース5の内部で、対応する正極端子6Aまたは負極端子6Bに電気的に接続されている。また、正極端子6A及び負極端子6Bの上端面には、それぞれネジ穴6aが形成されている。
次に、本発明の第2の実施形態について説明する。図12から図19は、本発明の第2の実施形態を示したものである。なお、この実施形態において、前述した実施形態で用いた部材と共通の部材には同一の符号を付して、その説明を省略する。
具体的には、離間状態検出手段65は、上記隙間に検出光Lを投光する光源66と、光源66から各隙間に投光された検出光Lの光量を検出する第一の光量検出器67及び第二の光量検出器68とを有する。ここで、電池収容ケース区画板23の互いに交差する位置、すなわち二次電池2の配列の略中心において、各二次電池2の高さ方向Zに略中央となる位置に光源66が嵌め込まれている。
次に、本発明の第3の実施形態について説明する。図20から図23は、本発明の第3の実施形態を示したものである。なお、この実施形態において、前述した実施形態で用いた部材と共通の部材には同一の符号を付して、その説明を省略する。
次に、本発明の第4の実施形態について説明する。図24から図26は、本発明の第4の実施形態を示したものである。なお、この実施形態において、前述した実施形態で用いた部材と共通の部材には同一の符号を付して、その説明を省略する。
離間状態検出手段81は、図20に示す光源66及び光量検出器67、68を備える点で、第3の実施形態の離間距離検出手段71と同様の構成であるが、各二次電池2の第一の側面52及び第二の側面54のそれぞれと電池収容ケース区画板壁面23aとの間に設けられ、光源66からの検出光Lを光量検出器67、68へ向かって透過させる光透過部材83の構造が異なっている。
3B 負極板、3a 正極タブ、3b 負極タブ、4 積層体、
5 セルケース、6 電極端子、6A 正極端子、6B 負極端子、
6a ネジ穴、7 セパレータ、20 組電池、21 電池モジュール、
22 電池収容ケース、22A 電池収容部、22B 基板収容部、
22a 電池収容ケース壁面、23 電池収容ケース区画板、
23a 電池収容ケース区画板壁面、24 離間状態検出手段、
24a 第一の圧電素子(離間状態検出手段)、
24b 第二の圧電素子(離間状態検出手段)、25 バスバー、
25a 貫通孔、26 固定用ボルト、27 温度計測端子、
28 第一の電圧計測端子、29 第二の電圧計測端子、30 BMS、
32 CMU、33 BMU、33a 検出信号取得部、
33b 離間距離評価部、33c 内圧異常判定部、
33d 警告対象出力部、40 電力負荷、41 制御装置、
42 表示部、51、52 第一の側面、53、54 第二の側面、
55 上端面、56 角部、60 電池システム、65 離間状態検出手段、
66 光源、67 第一の光量検出器、68 第二の光量検出器、
70 電池システム、71 離間状態検出手段、72 光透過部材、
72a 空隙、80 電池システム、81 離間状態検出手段、
82 漏液検出手段、83 光透過部材、83a 空隙、84 弾性部、
85 電極部、86、87 導電板、88 絶縁板、89 導電検出器、
100 上位システム。
Claims (5)
- 略箱状の電池収容ケースと、
複数の電極板が積層されて構成された積層体、及び該積層体を収容するセルケースと、を有し、該セルケースの前記積層体の積層方向に対向する第一の側面の少なくとも一方、及び、前記積層方向と直交する方向に対向する第二の側面の少なくとも一方を、前記電池収容ケース壁面、または、電池収容ケース区画板に対向させるようにしてそれぞれ該電池収容ケース内部に収容された単電池と、
前記第一の側面と、該第一の側面に対向する電池収容ケース壁面または電池収容ケース区画板との第一の離間距離、及び、前記第二の側面と、該第二の側面に対向する電池収容ケース壁面または電池収容ケース区画板との第二の離間距離をそれぞれ検出する離間状態検出手段と、
該離間状態検出手段による検出結果に基づいて、前記第一の離間距離と前記第二の離間距離との両方が小さくなった場合に、対応する前記単電池が内圧異常であると判定する制御部とを備えることを特徴とする電池システム。 - 前記離間状態検出手段は、前記第一の側面及び前記第二の側面と、それぞれに対向する電池収容ケース壁面または電池収容ケース区画板との間に介装された圧電素子である請求項1に記載の電池システム。
- 前記圧電素子は、前記電池収容ケース壁面、または、電池収容ケース区画板に取り付けられている請求項2に記載の電池システム。
- 前記離間状態検出手段は、前記第一の側面及び前記第二の側面のそれぞれで、一辺側から他辺側へ向かって、対向する電池収容ケース壁面または電池収容ケース区画板との間に検出光を投光する光源と、
前記第一の側面及び前記第二の側面のそれぞれの他辺側に設けられ、前記検出光の光量を検出する光量検出器と、
を有する請求項1に記載の電池システム。 - 前記離間状態検出手段は、前記光源と前記光量検出器との間で、対応する前記第一の側面または前記第二の側面と、対向する電池収容ケース壁面、または、電池収容ケース区画板との間に介装され、前記検出光を透過可能な空隙を有するとともに、弾性的に収縮可能な光透過部材を有する請求項4に記載の電池システム。
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Also Published As
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US20120148890A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
KR101334534B1 (ko) | 2013-12-02 |
EP2549580A1 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
JP5489797B2 (ja) | 2014-05-14 |
JP2011198511A (ja) | 2011-10-06 |
CN202930506U (zh) | 2013-05-08 |
KR20120052984A (ko) | 2012-05-24 |
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