WO2011114810A1 - 繊維束用無機繊維及びその製造方法、その繊維束用無機繊維から構成される複合材料用無機繊維束、並びにその繊維束で強化されたセラミックス基複合材料 - Google Patents

繊維束用無機繊維及びその製造方法、その繊維束用無機繊維から構成される複合材料用無機繊維束、並びにその繊維束で強化されたセラミックス基複合材料 Download PDF

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WO2011114810A1
WO2011114810A1 PCT/JP2011/052563 JP2011052563W WO2011114810A1 WO 2011114810 A1 WO2011114810 A1 WO 2011114810A1 JP 2011052563 W JP2011052563 W JP 2011052563W WO 2011114810 A1 WO2011114810 A1 WO 2011114810A1
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fiber
inorganic
composite material
fiber bundle
mass
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PCT/JP2011/052563
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French (fr)
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道之 鈴木
和敏 清水
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宇部興産株式会社
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Priority to EP11756000.3A priority Critical patent/EP2549001A4/en
Priority to CN2011800142929A priority patent/CN102803589A/zh
Priority to US13/583,124 priority patent/US20130029127A1/en
Priority to JP2012505565A priority patent/JPWO2011114810A1/ja
Publication of WO2011114810A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011114810A1/ja

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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an inorganic fiber for a fiber bundle and a method for producing the same, an inorganic fiber bundle for a composite material composed of the inorganic fiber for the fiber bundle, and a ceramic matrix composite material reinforced with the fiber bundle.
  • Ceramic base composite materials reinforced with inorganic fibers are being developed as next-generation heat-resistant materials because of their excellent heat resistance not found in metals and damage tolerance not found in conventional single-phase ceramics.
  • the bond at the interface between the reinforcing fiber and the matrix is controlled, and cracks are deflected at the interface when the material breaks, and the breakage progresses while the fiber pulls out. It is a feature.
  • a ceramic matrix composite material reinforced with silicon carbide fibers using non-oxide silicon carbide or silicon nitride as a matrix has attracted particular attention.
  • Expected uses of these ceramic matrix composite materials include the gas turbine field and the like, and durability under a high temperature and oxidizing atmosphere is required.
  • a preform is produced by molding a reinforcing material, such as an inorganic fiber fabric, into a desired shape.
  • a sizing agent used to converge the fiber bundle is decomposed and removed in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen at a high temperature of 600 ° C. or higher, an interface layer for controlling the interface with the matrix is controlled. It is formed on the fiber surface by chemical vapor deposition (CVD method, CVI method).
  • CVD method, CVI method chemical vapor deposition
  • carbon or boron nitride is mainly selected.
  • the matrix is similarly subjected to chemical vapor deposition, or a method of impregnating an inorganic or organic polymer melt or solution as a matrix raw material, followed by firing, and repeating this step if necessary.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 in a ceramic matrix composite material of a silicon carbide matrix reinforced with silicon carbide fibers, an interface layer of boron nitride is not uniformly formed at the contact point of the fibers in the fiber bundle. It is shown that when the fiber is subjected to stress in a high temperature / oxidizing atmosphere, the fiber contact point is preferentially oxidized to form an oxide glass layer. It has been pointed out that fibers are firmly bonded by this glass layer, causing stress concentration, causing brittle fracture, and the expected durability cannot be obtained.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 Non-Patent Document 2
  • JP-A-63-59473 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-299568
  • the heat-resistant substances are also decomposed in the sizing agent removal process, interface layer formation process and matrix formation process. Does not remain in the composite material.
  • the interface layer forming step where the heat-resistant substance adheres to the fiber surface, the interface layer is not formed on the fiber surface, and fiber pull-out is suppressed at the time of destruction. Does not show energy.
  • the heat-resistant substance has a high hardness like inorganic fibers, and also has an irregular shape and an edge shape, so in the process of adhering to the fiber surface or the process of weaving the fibers into a woven fabric, guides, rollers, etc. Due to the friction, the heat-resistant substance damages the fiber and the fiber strength is lowered. Therefore, there is a problem that the strength of the obtained composite material is also lowered.
  • the present invention provides a ceramic-based composite material exhibiting sufficient strength and fracture energy, and excellent durability when subjected to stress in a high temperature / oxidizing atmosphere. Suppressing the decrease in fiber strength due to fiber damage during production of inorganic fiber bundles for materials, and avoiding contact between fibers in fiber bundles during production of composite materials, and interfacing with the matrix on the entire fiber surface It is an object to provide an inorganic fiber for a fiber bundle capable of forming a layer, a method for producing the same, an inorganic fiber bundle for a composite material composed of the inorganic fiber for the fiber bundle, and a ceramic matrix composite material reinforced with the fiber bundle To do.
  • the present inventors meandered in the longitudinal direction, and made the inorganic fiber having a specific meander pitch and meander width as a fiber bundle. It has been found that the object of the present invention can be achieved.
  • the present invention is characterized in that the fiber bundle inorganic fibers constituting the composite material inorganic fiber bundle meander in the longitudinal direction, the meander pitch is 3 to 40 mm, and the meander width is 0.1 to 5 mm.
  • the present invention relates to inorganic fibers for fiber bundles.
  • the elemental composition is Si: 45 to 60% by mass, Ti or Zr: 0.2 to 5% by mass, C: 20 to 45% by mass, and O: 0.1 to 20.0% by mass. It is related with the said inorganic fiber for fiber bundles characterized by including.
  • the present invention has a density of 2.7 g / cm 3 or more, a tensile strength of 2 GPa or more, and an elastic modulus of 250 GPa or more, Si: 50 to 70% by mass, C: 28 to 45% by mass, Al: 0.3%.
  • the present invention relates to the inorganic fiber for a fiber bundle, characterized in that it is a crystalline silicon carbide fiber containing 06 to 3.8% by mass and B: 0.06 to 0.5% by mass and having a sintered structure of SiC.
  • the present invention also provides a fiber bundle constituting an inorganic fiber bundle for a composite material in which an organosilicon polymer is spun, the obtained spun fiber is infusible, and the obtained infusible fiber is fired in an inert atmosphere.
  • the firing treatment is performed without applying tension to the infusible fiber, and relates to a method for manufacturing an inorganic fiber for fiber bundles.
  • the present invention also provides amorphous silicon carbide fibers containing 0.05 to 3% by mass of Al, 0.05 to 0.4% by mass of B, and 1 to 3% by mass of surplus carbon.
  • the firing treatment is performed by applying tension to the amorphous silicon carbide fiber. It is related with the manufacturing method of the inorganic fiber for fiber bundles characterized by performing without applying.
  • the present invention also relates to an inorganic fiber bundle for composite materials composed of the inorganic fiber for fiber bundle.
  • the present invention also relates to a ceramic matrix composite material characterized in that the inorganic fiber bundle for composite materials is a reinforcing fiber and ceramics is a matrix.
  • the present invention relates to the ceramic matrix composite material, wherein the inorganic fiber bundle for composite material is a two-dimensional or three-dimensional fabric, a unidirectional sheet, or a laminate thereof.
  • the inorganic fiber bundle for composite materials composed of inorganic fibers for fiber bundles according to the present invention avoids contact between fibers without damaging the fibers in the inorganic fiber bundle, and an interfacial layer on the entire surface of each fiber
  • a ceramic matrix composite material exhibiting sufficient strength and fracture energy and excellent durability when subjected to stress in a high temperature / oxidizing atmosphere. Obtainable.
  • Example 1 Optical microscope photograph showing meandering pitch and meandering width of inorganic fiber for fiber bundle according to the present invention External view of drooping fiber in Example 1 External view of fired fiber in Example 1 (A) Example 1, (b) Example 2, (c) Comparative Example 1, (d) Example 3, (e) Comparative Example 2, (f) Example 4, (g) Comparative Example 3 Optical micrograph of the cross section of each fiber bundle
  • the inorganic fiber for a fiber bundle according to the present invention is preferably a silicon carbide fiber in view of heat resistance and oxidation resistance.
  • the inorganic fiber for fiber bundle according to the present invention meanders in the longitudinal direction, the meandering pitch is 3 to 40 mm, preferably 5 to 15 mm, and the meandering width is 0.1 to 5 mm, preferably 0.2 to 2 mm.
  • the meandering pitch is less than 3 mm, the deviation of orientation due to meandering of each fiber increases with respect to the orientation direction of the fiber bundle in the composite material, and the fiber strength does not act effectively, thereby reducing the mechanical properties of the composite material. It is not preferable.
  • the meandering pitch is larger than 40 mm, the space due to meandering becomes insufficient, and contact between fibers in the fiber bundle increases, which is not preferable.
  • the meandering width is less than 0.1 mm, the space due to meandering becomes insufficient, and the contact between the fibers in the fiber bundle increases, which is not preferable.
  • the meandering width is larger than 5 mm, the deviation of orientation due to meandering of each fiber increases with respect to the orientation direction of the fiber bundle in the composite material, the fiber strength does not act effectively, and the mechanical properties of the composite material are deteriorated. Therefore, it is not preferable.
  • the meandering in the longitudinal direction means a state in which the fibers extend while meandering, and the meandering pitch is adjacent to each other among peaks and troughs repeated in the extending direction.
  • the meandering width is the distance between the peaks of a mountain and a valley or the peak of a valley and a valley. It is called the distance in the vertical direction (width direction).
  • this meandering pitch is obtained by continuously photographing a single fiber in the longitudinal direction with an optical microscope, and measuring the distance in the extension direction between an arbitrary peak and the apex of an adjacent valley from the optical microscope photograph. It can be determined by measuring and doubling the 10 average values.
  • the meandering width can be obtained from an average value of 10 measured distances in the width direction between an arbitrary peak and the apex of the adjacent valley from an optical microscope.
  • the inorganic fiber for fiber bundle according to the present invention has an element composition of Si: 45 to 60% by mass, Ti or Zr: 0.2 to 5% by mass, C: 20 to 45% by mass, O: 0.1 to 20 It is preferable to contain 0.0 mass%.
  • Ti or Zr the heat resistance is improved, and in particular by adding Zr, the oxidation resistance and alkalinity can also be improved.
  • the inorganic fiber bundle for composite material composed of the inorganic fiber for fiber bundle as a reinforcing fiber a ceramic matrix composite material having excellent characteristics can be obtained.
  • the inorganic fiber for a fiber bundle according to the present invention has a density of 2.7 g / cm 3 or more, a tensile strength of 2 GPa or more, and an elastic modulus of 250 GPa or more, Si: 50 to 70% by mass, C: 28 to 45 % By mass, Al: 0.06 to 3.8% by mass, preferably 0.13 to 1.25% by mass, and B: 0.06 to 0.5% by mass, preferably 0.06 to 0.19% by mass It is preferable that it is a crystalline silicon carbide fiber containing a sintered structure of SiC. When the proportion of aluminum is excessively small, the alkali resistance of the crystalline silicon carbide fiber is lowered, and when the proportion is excessively high, mechanical properties at high temperatures are lowered.
  • Crystalline silicon carbide fibers exhibiting excellent alkali resistance due to the excellent heat resistance and high strength and elastic modulus obtained by making it crystalline, and also the presence of aluminum are obtained, and are composed of inorganic fibers for this fiber bundle.
  • the inorganic fiber bundle for composite material By using the inorganic fiber bundle for composite material as a reinforcing fiber, a ceramic matrix composite material having excellent characteristics can be obtained.
  • the method for producing an inorganic fiber for a fiber bundle according to the present invention includes a spinning step of spinning an organosilicon polymer, and an infusibilization step of insolubilizing the obtained spun fiber by heat treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere or electron beam irradiation. And a firing step of firing the obtained infusible fiber in an inert atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere.
  • the spinning process first comprises a carbosilane (—Si—CH 2 —) bond unit and a polysilane (—Si—Si—) bond unit, and has a hydrogen atom, lower alkyl group, aryl group, phenyl group on the side chain of silicon.
  • an organosilicon polymer having a group selected from the group consisting of silyl groups, and heating a compound selected from the group consisting of an alkoxide of Ti or Zr, an acetylacetoxy compound, a carbonyl compound, a cyclopentadienyl compound, and an amine compound
  • a Ti or Zr-containing organosilicon polymer is prepared by reaction. Next, this Ti or Zr-containing organosilicon polymer is melt-spun.
  • the infusibilization step is performed, for example, by infusibilizing the obtained spun fiber.
  • infusibility a method known per se can be adopted, the infusibilization temperature in an oxidizing atmosphere is 50 to 300 ° C., and the electron beam irradiation is 2 to 15 MVy / sec at an acceleration voltage of 2 to 4 MV. dose, 10-20 MGydose.
  • the firing step is performed on the obtained infusible fiber in an inert atmosphere, preferably in the range of 1100 to 1600 ° C. without applying tension to the fiber.
  • the fibers can be meandered in the longitudinal direction.
  • the fiber shrinks in the radial direction and the longitudinal direction of the fiber in order to reduce the weight. It is to be.
  • a fiber can meander in a longitudinal direction in the process in which an infusible fiber mineralizes.
  • spinning is performed by a cans method, and a predetermined length (usually 500 to 1000 m) is spun into a circular shape with a diameter of 20 to 50 cm on a tray, and this is oxidized.
  • Infusibilization is performed by heat treatment in a neutral atmosphere or electron beam irradiation. Next, this is achieved by firing in an inert atmosphere using a batch-type firing furnace or a pusher-type firing furnace capable of continuously firing a plurality of trays on which infusibilized fibers are set.
  • the spinning is continuously wound around a drum, and then a predetermined length (usually 500 to 1000 m) is suspended in a circular shape having a diameter of 20 to 50 cm on a tray and then infusibilized.
  • a predetermined length usually 500 to 1000 m
  • it may be fired in an inert atmosphere using a batch-type firing furnace or a pusher-type firing furnace capable of continuously firing a plurality of trays in which infusible fibers are set. Good.
  • Spinning fibers or infusible fibers have low strength, and the fibers may break during the drooping process. Therefore, after spinning by drum and continuously infiltrating, the fiber strength is increased without proceeding mineralization by continuous firing at 500-800 ° C in an inert atmosphere. Take it up on the bobbin. After that, a predetermined length (usually 500 to 1000 m) is hung in a circular shape with a diameter of 20 to 50 cm on the tray, and then a batch-type firing furnace or a plurality of trays with fibers set are continuously formed as described above. It may be fired in an inert atmosphere using a pusher type firing furnace that can be fired automatically.
  • the continuous firing temperature is less than 500 ° C., there is no effect of increasing the fiber strength, and only the number of steps is increased, which is not preferable.
  • the temperature is higher than 800 ° C., mineralization proceeds during firing, and subsequent weight reduction and volume shrinkage during firing become insufficient, the meander pitch becomes larger than 40 mm, and the meander width becomes less than 0.1 mm. Therefore, it is not preferable.
  • the inorganic fiber for a fiber bundle according to the present invention can be practically used as an inorganic fiber bundle for a composite material after being fired in an inert atmosphere and wound around a bobbin. At this time, in order to improve the handleability of the fiber bundle, it is preferable to immerse in water, an organic solvent or a mixture of both in which a resinous sizing agent is dissolved and wind it while drying.
  • the resinous sizing agent all known resins can be used. Specific examples thereof include poval resin, polyethylene oxide, epoxy resin, modified epoxy resin, polyester resin, polyimide resin, phenol resin, polyurethane resin. , Polyamide resin, polycarbonate resin, silicon resin, phenoxy resin, polyphenylene sulfide, fluorine resin, hydrocarbon resin, halogen-containing resin, acrylic acid resin, and ABS resin.
  • poval resin and polyethylene oxide are used for commercially available inorganic fibers, and are particularly preferable.
  • the amount of adhesion is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass with respect to the inorganic fiber. If it is less than 0.01% by mass, the fiber bundle does not converge, and if it exceeds 10% by mass, the degree of convergence does not change and the sizing agent is used wastefully.
  • the fiber bundles After firing in a batch-type firing furnace or a pusher-type firing furnace that can continuously fire a plurality of trays in which infusibilized fibers are set, the fiber bundles are spun in the Kens form or suspended Since the circular shape remains, it is continuously fired in an inert atmosphere at 1100-1500 ° C. so that tension is not applied as much as possible, while maintaining the meandering pitch and meandering width, You may rewind.
  • the inorganic fiber for fiber bundle according to the present invention is a crystalline silicon carbide fiber having a sintered structure of SiC
  • the inorganic fiber for fiber bundle has 0.05 to 3% by mass of Al and 0% of B.
  • Amorphous silicon carbide fiber containing 0.05 to 0.4 mass% and 1 to 3 mass% of excess carbon is fired without applying tension in a temperature and in an inert atmosphere within a range of 1600 to 2100 ° C. It can be obtained by processing and crystallizing.
  • the process of crystallizing amorphous silicon carbide fiber during heating causes weight loss and shrinkage in the radial and longitudinal directions of the fiber, accompanied by volume shrinkage. It is to avoid restraint.
  • the amorphous silicon carbide fiber which has the said meandering pitch and meandering width can be provided.
  • the amorphous silicon carbide fiber preferably contains 8 to 16% by mass of oxygen. When heating the amorphous silicon carbide fiber, this oxygen desorbs the above-mentioned excess carbon as CO gas, and brings the ratio of Si and C close to the stoichiometric ratio of SiC, so that the crystalline silicon carbide fiber Can be obtained.
  • the amorphous silicon carbide fiber is suspended in a circular shape having a predetermined length (usually 500 to 1000 m) and a diameter of 20 to 50 cm on a tray.
  • firing is performed in an inert atmosphere at 1600 to 2100 ° C. It is achieved by making it.
  • the bobbin can be wound up and used as a composite inorganic fiber bundle according to the present invention.
  • This amorphous silicon carbide fiber can be prepared, for example, by the following method.
  • the number average molecular weight of polysilane is usually 300 to 1000.
  • the polysilane is obtained by heating the chain or cyclic polysilane to a temperature in the range of 400 to 700 ° C., or by adding a phenyl group-containing polyborosiloxane to the chain or cyclic polysilane.
  • the polysilane partially having a carbosilane bond obtained by heating to a temperature in the range of 250 to 500 ° C.
  • the polysilane can have a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, an aryl group, a phenyl group or a silyl group as a side chain of silicon.
  • a predetermined amount of aluminum alkoxide, acetylacetoxide compound, carbonyl compound, or cyclopentadienyl compound is added to polysilane, and 1 to 10 at a temperature usually in the range of 250 to 350 ° C. in an inert gas.
  • an aluminum-containing organosilicon polymer that is a raw material for spinning is prepared.
  • the amount of aluminum compound used is usually 0.14 to 0.86 mmol per gram of polysilane.
  • An aluminum-containing organosilicon polymer is spun by a method known per se such as melt spinning or dry spinning to prepare a spun fiber.
  • the spinning fiber is infusibilized in an oxidizing atmosphere to prepare an infusible fiber, which is then fired in an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon at a temperature in the range of 1100 to 1600 ° C.
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon at a temperature in the range of 1100 to 1600 ° C.
  • a crystalline silicon carbide based fiber is prepared.
  • the ceramic matrix composite material according to the present invention is characterized in that the inorganic fiber bundle for composite material obtained as described above is used as a reinforcing fiber, and ceramic is used as a matrix.
  • the inorganic fiber bundle for composite materials Two-dimensional or three-dimensional textiles, such as a plain weave and a satin weave, a one-way sheet-like thing, or those laminated bodies may be sufficient.
  • the volume ratio of the inorganic fibers in the composite material but 10 to 50% is common.
  • the composite method is not particularly limited, but after coating a preform woven with inorganic fibers with boron nitride or carbon as an interface layer, a ceramic precursor polymer such as polycarbosilane, polymetallocarbohydrate, etc.
  • a ceramic precursor polymer such as polycarbosilane, polymetallocarbohydrate, etc.
  • a polymer impregnation / firing method in which silane, polysilazane, etc. are dissolved in a solvent such as xylene, impregnated and dried, and then heated and fired to form a composite, impregnated with a slurry of matrix raw material powder, and hot press etc.
  • pressure-sintering method sol-gel method using matrix element alkoxide as raw material
  • chemical vapor deposition method that forms matrix by reaction of reaction gas at high temperature
  • a reaction sintering method can be used.
  • the ceramic matrix of the present invention includes crystalline or amorphous oxide ceramics, crystalline or amorphous non-oxide ceramics, glass, crystallized glass, a mixture thereof, and those obtained by dispersing these ceramic particles. preferable.
  • oxide ceramics include aluminum, magnesium, silicon, yttrium, indium, uranium, calcium, scandium, tantalum, niobium, neodymium, lanthanum, ruthenium, rhodium, beryllium, titanium, tin, strontium, barium, zinc, zirconium. And oxides of elements such as iron and complex oxides of these metals.
  • non-oxide ceramics include carbides, nitrides and borides.
  • carbide include carbides of elements such as silicon, titanium, zirconium, aluminum, uranium, tungsten, tantalum, hafnium, boron, iron, and manganese, and composite carbides of these elements.
  • this composite carbide include inorganic substances obtained by heating and baking polytitanocarbosilane or polyzirconocarbosilane.
  • nitrides include nitrides of elements such as silicon, boron, aluminum, magnesium, and molybdenum, composite oxides of these elements, and sialon.
  • borides include borides of elements such as titanium, yttrium, and lanthanum, and platinum boride lanthanoids such as CeCoB 2 , CeCo 4 B 4 , and ErRh 4 B 4 .
  • the glass include amorphous glass such as silicate glass, phosphate glass, and borate glass.
  • crystallized glass include LiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO—SiO 2 glass and LiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO—SiO 2 —Nb 2 O 5 whose main crystal phase is ⁇ -spudene.
  • the main crystal phase MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 based glass is cordierite, the main crystal phase is barium male solid light BaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 based glass, the main crystalline phase Examples thereof include BaO—Al 2 O 3 —SiO 2 based glass that is mullite or hexacelsian, and CaO—Al 2 O 3 —SiO 2 based glass whose main crystal phase is anorthite.
  • the crystal phase of these crystallized glasses may contain cristobalite.
  • the ceramic in the present invention include solid solutions of the above-mentioned various ceramics.
  • the ceramic matrix is selected from silicon nitride, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, potassium titanate, magnesium borate, zinc oxide, titanium boride and mullite.
  • examples include inorganic particles of spherical particles, polyhedral particles, plate-like particles, rod-like particles, and ceramics in which 0.1 to 60% by volume of whiskers are uniformly dispersed.
  • the particle size of spherical particles and polyhedral particles is 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, and the aspect ratio of plate-like particles, rod-like particles and whiskers is generally 1.5 to 1000.
  • Example 1 0.5 parts by mass of polyborodiphenylsiloxane was added to 100 parts by mass of polydimethylsilane, and this mixture was heated and reacted at 380 ° C. for 10 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to synthesize about 70 parts by mass of polycarbosilane having a weight average molecular weight of 1000. . 5 parts by mass of zirconium acetylacetonate was added to this polycarbosilane, and the mixture was reacted by heating at 300 ° C. for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain polyzirconocarbosilane. The polyzirconocarbosilane was melt-spun while being continuously wound around a drum at about 250 ° C.
  • FIG. 2 shows the appearance of the suspended fiber. Ten sets of these were produced and fired continuously at 1450 ° C. in nitrogen at a feed rate of 1 m / hour using a pusher-type firing furnace.
  • FIG. 3 shows the appearance after firing.
  • the obtained inorganic fiber bundle for composite material has a silicon carbide-based chemical composition having a mass ratio of Si: 55.5%, O: 9.8%, C: 34.1%, Zr: 0.6%. It was a fiber (average diameter: 12.5 ⁇ m, 800 pieces / fiber bundle, sizing agent: polyethylene oxide).
  • the results of measuring the meander pitch and meander width are shown in Table 1. In the measurement, one fiber was continuously photographed in the longitudinal direction with an optical microscope, and the meandering pitch and meandering width at two arbitrary positions were measured from the photograph, and obtained from the average value of ten.
  • the cross section in the inorganic fiber bundle for composite materials thus obtained was observed with an optical microscope.
  • the micrograph is shown in FIG.
  • the tensile strength of the obtained fiber bundle was measured by the JIS R7601 resin impregnated strand method, and the results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 2 An inorganic fiber bundle for a composite material was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that continuous baking after infusibilization in Example 1 was performed at 750 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the obtained inorganic fiber bundle for composite material has a silicon carbide-based chemical composition having a mass ratio of Si: 55.5%, O: 9.8%, C: 34.1%, Zr: 0.6%. It was a fiber (average diameter: 12.1 ⁇ m, 800 fibers / fiber bundle, sizing agent: polyethylene oxide). The results of measuring the meander pitch and meander width are shown in Table 1.
  • the cross section in the inorganic fiber bundle for composite materials thus obtained was observed with an optical microscope.
  • the micrograph is shown in FIG.
  • the tensile strength of the obtained fiber bundle was measured by the JIS R7601 resin impregnated strand method, and the results are shown in Table 1.
  • Comparative Example 1 The infusible fiber bundle obtained during the production of Example 1 was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 1% by mass of polyethylene oxide at 200 ° C. while continuously firing by applying a tension of 200 g at 1450 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. It was wound up on a bobbin while being dried with a to prepare an inorganic fiber bundle for composite materials.
  • the obtained inorganic fiber bundle for composite material has a silicon carbide-based chemical composition having a mass ratio of Si: 55.5%, O: 9.8%, C: 34.1%, Zr: 0.6%. It was a fiber (average diameter: 11 ⁇ m, 800 fibers / fiber bundle, sizing agent: polyethylene oxide). The meandering pitch and meandering width were unmeasurable because the fiber was running straight (described in Table 1).
  • the cross section in the inorganic fiber bundle for composite materials thus obtained was observed with an optical microscope.
  • the photomicrograph is shown in FIG.
  • the tensile strength of the obtained fiber bundle was measured by the JIS R7601 resin impregnated strand method, and the results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 3 0.5 parts by mass of polyborodiphenylsiloxane was added to 100 parts by mass of polydimethylsilane, and this mixture was heated and reacted at 380 ° C. for 10 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to synthesize about 70 parts by mass of polycarbosilane having a weight average molecular weight of 1000. . 10 parts by mass of tetrabutyl titanate was added to this polycarbosilane, and the mixture was reacted by heating at 300 ° C. for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain polytitanocarbosilane.
  • This polytitanocarbosilane was melt spun into a circular shape with a diameter of about 40 cm on a carbon tray by 800 kens method at about 250 ° C. with 800 multi-hole nozzles.
  • infusibilization was performed by heat treatment in air at 180 ° C. for 5 hours. Then, it set in the state put on the tray in the batch-type baking furnace, and baked at 1400 degreeC in nitrogen for 1 hour. Then, it was immersed in an aqueous solution added with 1% by mass of polyethylene oxide, wound on a bobbin while being dried at 200 ° C., and an inorganic fiber bundle for a composite material composed of inorganic fibers for a fiber bundle meandering in the longitudinal direction was produced.
  • the obtained inorganic fiber bundle for composite materials has a silicon carbide-based chemical composition with a mass ratio of Si: 54.4%, O: 10.2%, C: 33.9%, Ti: 1.5%. It was a fiber (average diameter: 12.5 ⁇ m, 800 pieces / fiber bundle, sizing agent: polyethylene oxide). The results of measuring the meander pitch and meander width are shown in Table 1.
  • the cross section in the inorganic fiber bundle for composite materials thus obtained was observed with an optical microscope.
  • the micrograph is shown in FIG.
  • the tensile strength of the obtained fiber bundle was measured by the JIS R7601 resin impregnated strand method, and the results are shown in Table 1.
  • Comparative Example 2 Polycarbosilane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, and melt spinning was performed while continuously winding on a drum instead of melt spinning on a tray by a melt spinning method. Then, after infusibilizing by heat treatment at 180 ° C. for 5 hours in air, it was immersed in an aqueous solution to which 1% by mass of polyethylene oxide was added while performing continuous firing with a tension of 100 g at 1400 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. The fiber was wound around a bobbin while being dried at 200 ° C. to produce an inorganic fiber bundle for composite materials.
  • the obtained inorganic fiber bundle for composite materials has a silicon carbide-based chemical composition with a mass ratio of Si: 54.4%, O: 10.2%, C: 33.9%, Ti: 1.5%. It was a fiber (average diameter: 11.3 ⁇ m, 800 fibers / fiber bundle, sizing agent: polyethylene oxide). The results of measuring the meander pitch and meander width are shown in Table 1.
  • the cross section in the inorganic fiber bundle for composite materials thus obtained was observed with an optical microscope.
  • the photomicrograph is shown in FIG.
  • the tensile strength of the obtained fiber bundle was measured by the JIS R7601 resin impregnated strand method, and the results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 4 0.5 parts by mass of polyborodiphenylsiloxane was added to 100 parts by mass of polydimethylsilane, and this mixture was heated and reacted at 380 ° C. for 10 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to synthesize about 70 parts by mass of polycarbosilane having a weight average molecular weight of 1000. . 4 parts by mass of aluminum trisecondary butoxide was added to this polycarbosilane, and the mixture was reacted by heating at 300 ° C. for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain polyaluminocarbosilane. The polyaluminocarbosilane was melt-spun by continuously winding it on a drum at about 250 ° C.
  • the results of measuring the meander pitch and meander width are shown in Table 1.
  • the cross section in the inorganic fiber bundle for composite materials thus obtained was observed with an optical microscope.
  • the micrograph is shown in FIG.
  • the tensile strength of the obtained fiber bundle was measured by the JIS R7601 resin impregnated strand method, and the results are shown in Table 1.
  • Comparative Example 3 The amorphous silicon carbide fiber containing 1.0% by mass of Al, 0.2% by mass of B, and 1.5% by mass of surplus carbon obtained during the production of Example 4 was subjected to tension. Crystallization with continuous heat treatment at 1800 ° C. in argon over 100 g, immersed in an aqueous solution added with 1% by mass of polyethylene oxide, wound on a bobbin while drying at 200 ° C., and an inorganic fiber bundle for composite materials Produced.
  • the results of measuring the meander pitch and meander width are shown in Table 1.
  • the cross section in the inorganic fiber bundle for composite material thus obtained was observed with an optical microscope.
  • the micrograph is shown in FIG.
  • the tensile strength of the obtained fiber bundle was measured by the JIS R7601 resin impregnated strand method, and the results are shown in Table 1.
  • Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 are described below. From FIG. 4, Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 have a fiber bundle spread compared to Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The effect of providing the meandering pitch and meandering width of the present invention in the direction is recognized. On the other hand, meandering in the longitudinal direction from Comparative Examples 2 and 3 has almost no effect outside the scope of the present invention, and is the same as the straight fiber of Comparative Example 1. Further, it can be seen that even if the meandering pitch and meandering width of the present invention are given in the longitudinal direction, the fiber strength is hardly affected. Thus, in the present invention, it can be seen that the fiber spacing in the fiber bundle can be increased widely and appropriately while maintaining the fiber strength.
  • the interface layer had a thickness of about 0.5 ⁇ m at 1000 ° C. under reduced pressure using boron trichloride and ammonia as source gases and argon as a carrier gas.
  • the matrix was densified at 1000 ° C. under reduced pressure using methyltrichlorosilane as a source gas and helium as a carrier gas. The porosity after forming the matrix was about 10%.
  • a part of the three-dimensional fabric before complexing was loosened to extract a fiber bundle, and the tensile strength was measured by a JIS R7601 resin impregnated strand method. Moreover, the tensile test piece was processed from the produced ceramic matrix composite material, and the tensile strength and breaking strain at room temperature were measured. In addition, durability was evaluated by measuring the time to break by applying 60% of the tensile strength at room temperature at 1000 ° C. in the atmosphere. Table 2 shows the tensile strength of the fiber extracted from the three-dimensional fabric, the tensile strength and breaking strain at room temperature of the ceramic matrix composite material, and 60% of the tensile strength at room temperature. Time to break at 1000 ° C. is shown.
  • Example 6 Using the inorganic fiber bundle for composite material of Example 2, a ceramic matrix composite material was produced in the same manner as in Example 5.
  • Table 2 shows the tensile strength of the fiber extracted from the three-dimensional fabric, the tensile strength and breaking strain at room temperature of the ceramic matrix composite material, and 60% of the tensile strength at room temperature. Time to break at 1000 ° C. is shown.
  • Example 7 Using the inorganic fiber bundle for composite material of Example 3, a ceramic matrix composite material was produced in the same manner as in Example 5.
  • Table 2 shows the tensile strength of the fiber extracted from the three-dimensional fabric, the tensile strength and breaking strain at room temperature of the ceramic matrix composite material, and 60% of the tensile strength at room temperature. Time to break at 1000 ° C. is shown.
  • Example 8 A ceramic matrix composite material was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 using the inorganic fiber bundle for composite material in Example 4.
  • Table 2 shows the tensile strength of the fiber extracted from the three-dimensional fabric, the tensile strength and breaking strain at room temperature of the ceramic matrix composite material, and 60% of the tensile strength at room temperature. Time to break at 1000 ° C. is shown.
  • Comparative Example 4 Using the inorganic fiber bundle for composite material of Comparative Example 1, a ceramic matrix composite material was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5. Table 2 shows the tensile strength of the fiber extracted from the three-dimensional fabric, the tensile strength and breaking strain at room temperature of the ceramic matrix composite material, and 60% of the tensile strength at room temperature. Time to break at 1000 ° C. is shown.
  • Comparative Example 5 Using the inorganic fiber bundle for composite material of Comparative Example 2, a ceramic matrix composite material was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 7. Table 2 shows the tensile strength of the fiber extracted from the three-dimensional fabric, the tensile strength and breaking strain at room temperature of the ceramic matrix composite material, and 60% of the tensile strength at room temperature. Time to break at 1000 ° C. is shown.
  • Comparative Example 6 Using the inorganic fiber bundle for composite material of Comparative Example 3, a ceramic matrix composite material was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 8. Table 2 shows the tensile strength of the fiber extracted from the three-dimensional fabric, the tensile strength and breaking strain at room temperature of the ceramic matrix composite material, and 60% of the tensile strength at room temperature. Time to break at 1000 ° C. is shown.
  • the ceramic matrix composite materials of Examples 5, 6, 7, and 8 both have slightly lower values in Example 6 in both tensile strength and fracture strain. These values are higher than those of Comparative Examples 4, 5, and 6, respectively. From the fracture surface observation, in Examples 5, 7, and 8, it was confirmed that there was no contact between the fibers in the fiber bundle, and the interface layer of boron nitride was uniformly formed on each fiber surface, and the fiber pull-out was also performed. Remarkably observed, it was confirmed that the interface layer was functioning effectively. This is considered to be the reason why high strength and fracture strain were obtained.
  • Example 6 since the spread of the fiber bundle of Example 2 is smaller than the spread of the fiber bundle of Examples 1, 3, and 4, a part of the fiber bundle is compared with Examples 5, 7, and 8. Between the fibers was observed. At these contact points, the boron nitride interface layer is not formed, and the fiber pull-out is reduced, which is considered to be the reason for the slightly lower value.
  • Example 6 With respect to the time to break at 1000 ° C. in the atmosphere with a stress of 60% of the tensile strength at room temperature of the ceramic matrix composite material, the ceramic matrix composite materials of Examples 5, 6, 7, and 8 are Although it is a slightly low value in Example 6, it shows a break time longer than Comparative Examples 4, 5, and 6, respectively.
  • the pullout of the fiber was small compared to the fracture surface after the tensile test at room temperature, but it was observed remarkably, and the glass layer formation due to oxidation of the fiber and interface layer was slight. Met.
  • Example 6 as compared with Examples 5, 7, and 8, a slightly larger number of glass layers were observed due to contact between fibers, which is considered to be a cause of a slightly lower value.
  • the breaking time is the longest in Example 8 and the shortest in Example 7. This is because it depends on the heat resistance of the fiber itself, the heat resistance of the fiber of Example 4 is the best, and the heat resistance of the fiber of Example 3 is the poorest.
  • the present invention can be used to manufacture inorganic fiber bundles for reinforcing fibers of ceramic matrix composite materials and ceramic matrix composite materials reinforced with these fibers.

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Abstract

 複合材料用無機繊維束の製造中の繊維の損傷による繊維強度の低下を抑制し、かつ、複合材料製造中の繊維束中の繊維同士の接触を回避して、繊維の表面全体にマトリックスとの界面層を形成できる繊維束用無機繊維及びその製造方法、並びにその繊維束用無機繊維から構成される複合材料用無機繊維束を強化繊維とし、セラミックスをマトリックスとした、十分な強度と破壊エネルギー、および高温・酸化雰囲気下で応力を受けた際に優れた耐久性を示すセラミックス基複合材料セラミックス基複合材料を提供する。本発明は、複合材料用無機繊維束を構成する繊維束用無機繊維において、長手方向に蛇行し、蛇行ピッチが3~40mmであり、蛇行巾が0.1~5mmであることを特徴する繊維束用無機繊維及びその製造方法などに関する。

Description

繊維束用無機繊維及びその製造方法、その繊維束用無機繊維から構成される複合材料用無機繊維束、並びにその繊維束で強化されたセラミックス基複合材料
 本発明は、繊維束用無機繊維及びその製造方法、その繊維束用無機繊維から構成される複合材料用無機繊維束、並びにその繊維束で強化されたセラミックス基複合材料に関するものである。
 無機繊維で強化されたセラミックス基複合材料は金属にはない優れた耐熱性と従来の単相のセラミックスにはない損傷許容性から次世代の耐熱材料として開発が進められている。セラミックス基複合材料においては強化繊維とマトリックスとの界面の結合を制御し、材料の破壊時に亀裂がこの界面で偏向し、繊維がプルアウトしながら破壊が進行するため、大きな破壊エネルギーを示すことが大きな特徴である。中でも非酸化物系の炭化ケイ素や窒化ケイ素をマトリックスとして、炭化ケイ素系繊維で強化したセラミックス基複合材料は特に注目されている。これらのセラミックス基複合材料の期待されている用途としては、ガスタービン分野等があり、高温・酸化性雰囲気下での耐久性が要求されている。
 セラミックス基複合材料の製造方法としては、強化材である無機繊維の織物等を所望の形状に成形したプリフォームを製作する。ついで、繊維束の収束に使用されているサイジング剤を600℃以上の高温、アルゴンや窒素等の不活性雰囲気中で分解除去した後、マトリックスとの界面の結合を制御するための界面層を、化学気相蒸着法(CVD法、CVI法)により繊維表面に形成する。界面層としては、主に炭素や窒化ホウ素が選択される。次いで、マトリックスを、同様に、化学気相蒸着法や、あるいは、マトリックス原料となる無機あるいは有機高分子の融液、あるいは溶液に含浸させた後、焼成し、必要であればこの工程を繰り返す方法(含浸・焼成法)により形成させ、セラミックス基複合材料を得る方法等がある。
 この製造過程において、繊維束中の各繊維が接触すると接触点では、均一な界面層が形成されず、複合材料の特性に悪影響を及ぼす問題が指摘されている。例えば、非特許文献1には、炭化ケイ素系繊維で強化された炭化ケイ素マトリックスのセラミックス基複合材料において、繊維束中の繊維の接触点では、窒化ホウ素の界面層が均一に形成されず、材料が高温・酸化雰囲気下で応力を受けた際に、この繊維接触点が優先的に酸化されて、酸化物のガラス層が形成されることが示されている。このガラス層により繊維同士が強固に結合して、応力集中の原因となり、脆性的な破壊を起こし、期待される耐久性が得られないことが指摘されている。したがって、繊維束中の各繊維を、界面層を繊維表面に均一に形成できるように離すことが、セラミックス基複合材料の耐久性を確保する上で重要であるとしている。このような問題を解決するため、繊維表面に耐熱性物質の短繊維、粉末、あるいはウイスカを付着させることが提案されている(特許文献1及び2、非特許文献2)。
特開昭63-59473号公報 特開昭62-299568号公報
J.Am.Ceram. Soc.,83[6] 1441-49(2000) Mater.Trans.,44[6] 1172-80(2003)
 しかしながら、これらの耐熱性物質を繊維表面に付着させることにより、繊維束中の繊維同士の接触は回避できるが、耐熱性物質は、サイジング剤除去工程、界面層形成工程およびマトリックス形成工程においても分解しないため、複合材料中に残存する。特に、界面層形成工程において、耐熱性物質が繊維表面に付着した箇所では、繊維表面には界面層が形成されず、破壊時に繊維のプルアウトが抑制されるため、得られる複合材料が十分な破壊エネルギーを示さない。さらに、耐熱性物質は無機繊維同様に高硬度であり、また異形状でエッジ状の形状もあるため、繊維表面への付着工程、あるいは、繊維を織物等に製織する工程で、ガイド、ローラー等との摩擦により、耐熱性物質が繊維にダメージを与えて繊維強度が低下するため、得られる複合材料の強度も低下する問題があった。
 本発明は、このような従来技術の問題に鑑みて、十分な強度と破壊エネルギー、および高温・酸化雰囲気下で応力を受けた際に優れた耐久性を示すセラミックス基複合材料を得るため、複合材料用無機繊維束の製造中の繊維の損傷による繊維強度の低下を抑制し、かつ、複合材料製造中の繊維束中の繊維同士の接触を回避して、繊維の表面全体にマトリックスとの界面層を形成できる繊維束用無機繊維及びその製造方法、その繊維束用無機繊維から構成される複合材料用無機繊維束、並びにその繊維束で強化されたセラミックス基複合材料を提供することを目的とする。
 本発明者等は、このような条件を満たす複合材料用無機繊維束について鋭意検討した結果、長手方向に蛇行し、特定の蛇行ピッチ、蛇行巾を有する無機繊維を繊維束とすることにより、上記の本発明の目的を達成できることを見出した。
 すなわち本発明は、複合材料用無機繊維束を構成する繊維束用無機繊維において、長手方向に蛇行し、蛇行ピッチが3~40mmであり、蛇行巾が0.1~5mmであることを特徴する繊維束用無機繊維に関する。
 また、本発明は、元素組成が、Si:45~60質量%、Ti又はZr:0.2~5質量%、C:20~45質量%、O:0.1~20.0質量%を含むことを特徴とする前記繊維束用無機繊維に関する。
 また、本発明は、密度が2.7g/cm以上、引張強度が2GPa以上、弾性率が250GPa以上であり、Si:50~70質量%、C:28~45質量%、Al:0.06~3.8質量%及びB:0.06~0.5質量%を含み、SiCの焼結構造からなる結晶性炭化ケイ素繊維であることを特徴とする前記繊維束用無機繊維に関する。
 また、本発明は、有機ケイ素重合体を紡糸し、得られた紡糸繊維を不融化し、得られた不融化繊維を不活性雰囲気中で焼成する複合材料用無機繊維束を構成する繊維束用無機繊維の製造方法において、前記焼成処理は、前記不融化繊維に張力を掛けずにおこなうことを特徴とする繊維束用無機繊維の製造方法に関する。
 また、本発明は、Alを0.05~3質量%、Bを0.05~0.4質量%、及び余剰の炭素を1~3質量%含有する非晶質炭化ケイ素系繊維を1600~2100℃の温度及び不活性雰囲気中で焼成し、結晶化させる複合材料用無機繊維束を構成する繊維束用無機繊維の製造方法において、前記焼成処理は、前記非晶質炭化ケイ素系繊維に張力を掛けずにおこなうことを特徴とする繊維束用無機繊維の製造方法に関する。
 また、本発明は、前記繊維束用無機繊維から構成される複合材料用無機繊維束に関する。
 また、本発明は、前記複合材料用無機繊維束を強化繊維とし、セラミックスをマトリックスとすることを特徴とするセラミックス基複合材料に関する。
 また、本発明は、前記複合材料用無機繊維束の形態が2次元若しくは3次元織物又は一方向シート状物、又はそれらの積層物であることを特徴とする前記セラミックス基複合材料に関する。
 本発明に係る繊維束用無機繊維から構成される複合材料用無機繊維束は、無機繊維束中の繊維にダメージを与えることなく繊維同士の接触を回避して、各繊維の表面全体に界面層を形成できるため、本発明に係る複合材料用無機繊維束を用いることにより十分な強度と破壊エネルギー、および高温・酸化雰囲気下で応力を受けた際に優れた耐久性を示すセラミックス基複合材料を得ることができる。
本発明に係る繊維束用無機繊維の蛇行ピッチ、蛇行巾を示す光学顕微鏡写真 実施例1における垂下繊維の外観図 実施例1における焼成繊維の外観図 (a)実施例1、(b)実施例2、(c)比較例1、(d)実施例3、(e)比較例2、(f)実施例4、(g)比較例3、の各繊維束の断面の光学顕微鏡写真
 本発明に係る繊維束用無機繊維は、耐熱性、耐酸化性から炭化ケイ素系繊維が好ましい。本発明に係る繊維束用無機繊維は、長手方向に蛇行し、蛇行ピッチが、3~40mm、好ましくは5~15mmであり、蛇行巾が0.1~5mmで、好ましくは0.2~2mmとすることにより、繊維束を構成した場合、繊維束中の各繊維間に蛇行による空間ができ、繊維束中の繊維同士の接触をほぼ回避することができ、繊維の表面全体にマトリックスとの界面層を形成できる。蛇行ピッチが3mm未満では、複合材料中の繊維束の配向方向に対し、各繊維の蛇行による配向の偏位が大きくなり、繊維強度が有効に作用せず、複合材料の力学特性を低下させるため、好ましくない。蛇行ピッチが40mmより大きくなると、蛇行による空間が不十分になり、繊維束中の繊維同士の接触が増加し、好ましくない。蛇行巾が0.1mmより小さくなると蛇行による空間が不十分になり、繊維束中の繊維同士の接触が増加し、好ましくない。蛇行巾が5mmより大きくなると、複合材料中の繊維束の配向方向に対し、各繊維の蛇行による配向の偏位が大きくなり、繊維強度が有効に作用せず、複合材料の力学特性を低下させるため、好ましくない。
 ここで、本発明に係る繊維束用無機繊維において、長手方向に蛇行とは、繊維が蛇行しながら延びた状態をいい、蛇行ピッチとは、延長方向に繰り返される山と谷のうち、互いに隣接する山と山又は谷と谷の頂点間の延長方向の距離をいい、蛇行巾とは、延長方向に繰り返される山と谷のうち、任意の山とそれに隣接する谷の頂点間の延長方向に対する垂直方向(巾方向)の距離という。この蛇行ピッチは、図1に示すように光学顕微鏡で1本の繊維を長手方向に連続的に撮影し、その光学顕微鏡写真から任意の山と隣接する谷の頂点の間の延長方向の距離を測定し、その10本の平均値を2倍することによって求めることができる。また、蛇行巾は、同様に光学顕微鏡から任意の山と隣接する谷の頂点の間の巾方向の距離を測定し、その10本の平均値から求めることができる。
 本発明に係る繊維束用無機繊維は、元素組成が、Si:45~60質量%、Ti又はZr:0.2~5質量%、C:20~45質量%、O:0.1~20.0質量%を含むことが好ましい。Ti又はZrを添加することにより、耐熱性が改善され、特にZrを添加することにより耐酸化性、アルカリ性も改善することができる。この繊維束用無機繊維から構成される複合材料用無機繊維束を強化繊維とすることにより、優れた特性のセラミックス基複合材料が得られる。
 また、本発明に係る繊維束用無機繊維は、密度が2.7g/cm以上、引張強度が2GPa以上、弾性率が250GPa以上であり、Si:50~70質量%、C:28~45質量%、Al:0.06~3.8質量%、好ましくは0.13~1.25質量%、及びB:0.06~0.5質量%、好ましくは0.06~0.19質量%を含み、SiCの焼結構造からなる結晶性炭化ケイ素繊維であることが好ましい。アルミニウムの割合が過度に少ないと、結晶性炭化ケイ素繊維の耐アルカリ性が低下し、その割合が過度に高くなると高温における力学的特性が低下するようになる。ホウ素の割合が過度に少ないと、充分に焼結した結晶性繊維とならず、繊維の密度が低下するようになり、逆に、その割合が過度に高いと、繊維の耐アルカリ性が低下するようになる。結晶性とすることにより得られる優れた耐熱性と高い強度及び弾性率、さらにアルミニウムの存在により、優れた耐アルカリ性を示す、結晶性炭化ケイ素繊維が得られ、この繊維束用無機繊維から構成される複合材料用無機繊維束を強化繊維とすることにより、優れた特性のセラミックス基複合材料が得られる。
 本発明に係る繊維束用無機繊維の製造方法は、有機ケイ素重合体を紡糸する紡糸工程と、得られた紡糸繊維を酸化性雰囲気中での熱処理あるいは電子線照射により不融化する不融化工程と、得られた不融化繊維を不活性雰囲気あるいは還元性雰囲気中で焼成する焼成工程とを備える。
 紡糸工程は、先ず、カルボシラン(-Si-CH2-)結合単位、及びポリシラン(-Si-Si-)結合単位から主としてなり、ケイ素の側鎖に水素原子、低級アルキル基、アリール基、フェニル基及びシリル基からなる群から選択される基を有する有機ケイ素重合体に、Ti又はZrのアルコキシド、アセチルアセトキシ化合物、カルボニル化合物、シクロペンタジエニル化合物及びアミン化合物からなる群から選択される化合物を加熱反応してTi又はZr含有有機ケイ素重合体を調製する。次いで、このTi又はZr含有有機ケイ素重合体を溶融紡糸することによって行なわれる。
 不融化工程は、例えば、得られた紡糸繊維を不融化することによって行なわれる。不融化は、それ自体公知の方法を採用でき、酸化性雰囲気中での不融化温度は、50~300℃で行われ、電子線照射は、2~4MVの加速電圧で、2~15KGy/秒dose、10~20MGydoseで行われる。
 焼成工程は、得られた不融化繊維を、不活性雰囲気中で、好ましくは1100~1600℃の範囲において、繊維に張力を掛けずにおこなわれる。それによって、繊維を長手方向に蛇行させることができる。繊維に張力を掛けないようにするとは、不融化繊維が焼成時に無機化する過程で、重量減少と繊維の径方向と長手方向に収縮して体積収縮を伴うが、体積収縮を拘束しないようにすることである。これにより、不融化繊維が無機化する過程で、長手方向に繊維を蛇行させることができる。
 焼成時に繊維に張力を掛けずにおこなう方法としては、紡糸をケンス方式で行い、所定長さ(通常は、500~1000m)を直径20~50cmの円形状にトレイ上に紡糸し、これを酸化性雰囲気中での熱処理、あるいは電子線照射により不融化を行う。次いで、バッチ方式の焼成炉、あるいは、不融化繊維がセットされた複数のトレイを連続的に焼成できるプッシャータイプの焼成炉を使用して、不活性雰囲気中で焼成することにより達成される。
 あるいは、紡糸をドラムに連続的に巻き取る方式で行い、その後トレイに所定長さ(通常は、500~1000m)を直径20~50cmの円形状に垂下した後、不融化を行う。または、不融化した後、トレイに所定長さ(通常は、500~1000m)を直径20~50cmの円形状に垂下する。その後、前記と同様に、バッチ方式の焼成炉、あるいは、不融化繊維がセットされた複数のトレイを連続的に焼成できるプッシャータイプの焼成炉を使用して、不活性雰囲気中で焼成してもよい。
 紡糸繊維あるいは不融化繊維は、強度が低く、垂下工程で繊維が破断する可能性がある。そこで、ドラムに連続的に巻き取る方式で紡糸して不融化した後、一旦、不活性雰囲気中500~800℃で連続的に焼成して無機化を進行させずに繊維強度を増加させた状態でボビンに巻取る。その後トレイに所定長さ(通常は、500~1000m)を直径20~50cmの円形状に垂下した後、前記と同様に、バッチ方式の焼成炉、あるいは、繊維がセットされた複数のトレイを連続的に焼成できるプッシャータイプの焼成炉を使用して、不活性雰囲気中で焼成してもよい。
 この際、連続的に焼成する温度が、500℃未満では、繊維強度の増加効果はなく、工程が増えるのみであるため好ましくない。800℃より高い温度では、焼成中に無機化が進行し、その後に焼成する際の重量減少と体積収縮が不十分になり、蛇行ピッチが40mmより大きくなり、蛇行巾が、0.1mm未満になるため好ましくない。
 本発明に係る繊維束用無機繊維は、不活性雰囲気中の焼成後、ボビンに巻き替え、複合材料用無機繊維束として実用に供することができる。この際、繊維束のハンドリング性向上のため、樹脂性サイジング剤を溶解させた、水、有機溶媒又は両者の混合液に浸漬し、乾燥させながら巻き取ることが好ましい。
 樹脂性サイジング剤としては、それ自体公知の樹脂を全て使用することができ、その具体例としては、ポバール樹脂、ポリエチレンオキサイド、エポキシ樹脂、変性エポキシ樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、シリコン樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、フッ素樹脂、炭化水素系樹脂、含ハロゲン系樹脂、アクリル酸系樹脂及びABS樹脂が挙げられる。特に、ポバール樹脂、ポリエチレンオキサイドは、市販されている無機繊維に使用されており、特に好ましい。付着量としては、特に、制限はないが、無機繊維に対して、0.01~10質量%、特に、0.1~5質量%が好ましい。0.01質量%未満では、繊維束が収束せず、10質量%より多くしても収束の程度は変わらず、サイジング剤を無駄に使用することになる。
 バッチ方式の焼成炉、あるいは、不融化繊維がセットされた複数のトレイを連続的に焼成できるプッシャータイプの焼成炉での焼成後に、繊維束には、ケンス方式で紡糸された形状、あるいは、垂下された円形状のくせが残るため、張力を極力かけないように1100~1500℃の不活性雰囲気中で連続焼成し、蛇行ピッチ、蛇行巾は維持しつつ、このくせを除去しながら、ボビンに巻き替えてもよい。
 また、本発明に係る繊維束用無機繊維が、前記SiCの焼結構造からなる結晶性炭化ケイ素繊維である場合、繊維束用無機繊維は、Alを0.05~3質量%、Bを0.05~0.4質量%、及び余剰の炭素を1~3質量%含有する非晶質炭化ケイ素系繊維を1600~2100℃の範囲内の温度及び不活性雰囲気中で張力を掛けずに焼成処理し、結晶化させることによって得ることができる。繊維に張力を掛けないようにするとは、非晶質炭化ケイ素系繊維が加熱時に結晶化する過程で、重量減少と繊維の径方向と長手方向に収縮して体積収縮を伴うが、体積収縮を拘束しないようにすることである。これにより、前記の蛇行ピッチ、蛇行巾を有する結晶性炭化ケイ素繊維を提供できる。前記非晶質炭化ケイ素系繊維は、酸素を8~16質量%含むことが好ましい。非晶質炭化ケイ素系繊維を加熱する際に、この酸素は前述の余剰の炭素をCOガスとして脱離させ、SiとCの比をSiCの化学量論比に近づけて、結晶性炭化ケイ素繊維を得ることができる。
 焼成処理を繊維に張力を掛けずにおこなう方法としては、前記非晶質炭化ケイ素系繊維をトレイに所定長さ(通常は、500~1000m)を直径20~50cmの円形状に垂下する。次いで、バッチ方式の焼成炉、あるいは、上記繊維がセットされた複数のトレイを連続的に焼成できるプッシャータイプの焼成炉を使用して、1600~2100℃の不活性雰囲気中で焼成処理し、結晶化させることにより達成される。不活性雰囲気中の焼成処理後、ボビンに巻き替え、本発明に係る複合材料用無機繊維束として実用に供することができる。この際、繊維束のハンドリング性向上のため、前述と同様に樹脂性サイジング剤を溶解させた、水、有機溶媒又は両者の混合液に浸漬し、乾燥させながら巻き取ることが好ましい。また、上述の他の張力を掛けずにおこなう方法も用いることができる。
 この非晶質炭化ケイ素系繊維は、例えば、以下のような方法で調製することができる。まず、例えば、「有機ケイ素化合物の化学」化学同人(1972年)に記載の方法に従って、1種類以上のジクロロシランをナトリウムによって脱塩素反応させて鎖状又は環状のポリシランを調製する。ポリシランの数平均分子量は通常300~1000である。本明細書において、ポリシランは、上記の鎖状又は環状のポリシランを400~700℃の範囲の温度に加熱することにより、あるいは上記の鎖状又は環状のポリシランにフェニル基含有ポリボロシロキサンを添加して250~500℃の範囲の温度に加熱することによって得られる、一部にカルボシラン結合を有するポリシランも包含する。ポリシランは、ケイ素の側鎖として、水素原子、低級アルキル基、アリール基、フェニル基あるいはシリル基を有することができる。
 次いで、ポリシランに対して、アルミニウムのアルコキシド、アセチルアセトキシド化合物、カルボニル化合物、又はシクロペンタジエニル化合物の所定量を添加し、不活性ガス中、通常250~350℃の範囲の温度で1~10時間反応することにより、紡糸原料であるアルミニウム含有有機ケイ素重合体を調製する。アルミニウムの化合物の使用量は、ポリシラン1g当たり、通常0.14~0.86ミリモルである。
 アルミニウム含有有機ケイ素重合体を、溶融紡糸、乾式紡糸のようなそれ自体公知の方法によって紡糸して、紡糸繊維を調製する。次に、この紡糸繊維を酸化性雰囲気で不融化処理して不融化繊維を調製し、次いで、窒素、アルゴンのような不活性ガス中、1100~1600℃の範囲の温度で焼成して、非晶質炭化ケイ素系繊維が調製される。
 本発明に係るセラミックス基複合材料は、上記のようにして得られた複合材料用無機繊維束を強化繊維とし、セラミックスをマトリックスとすることを特徴とする。この複合材料用無機繊維束の形態には特に制限はなく、平織、朱子織等の2次元若しくは3次元織物又は一方向シート状物、又はそれらの積層物であってもよい。複合材料中の無機繊維の体積率については特別の制限はないが、10~50%が一般的である。
 複合化方法としては、特に制限はないが、無機繊維を製織したプリフォームに、界面層として窒化ホウ素、あるいは炭素を被覆させた後、セラミックスの前駆体重合体、たとえば、ポリカルボシラン、ポリメタロカルボシラン、ポリシラザン等をキシレン等の溶媒に溶解させた溶液に含浸・乾燥した後に加熱焼成することにより複合化を行うポリマー含浸・焼成法、マトリックスの原料粉末のスラリーを含浸し、ホットプレス等により高温で加圧焼結する方法、マトリックス元素のアルコキシドを原料にしたゾルゲル法、又は高温で反応ガスの反応によりマトリックスを形成させる化学気相蒸着法、及び高温で溶融金属を含浸させ反応によりセラミックス化させる反応焼結法が利用できる。また、化学気相蒸着法でマトリックスの一部を形成させた後、残りの空間を反応焼結法やポリマー含浸・焼成法により緻密化する方法もある。
 本発明のセラミックスマトリックスとしては、結晶質又は非晶質の酸化物セラミックス、結晶質又は非晶質の非酸化物セラミックス、ガラス、結晶化ガラス、これらの混合物、これらのセラミックスを粒子分散したものが好ましい。
 酸化物セラミックスの具体例としては、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、ケイ素、イットリウム、インジウム、ウラン、カルシウム、スカンジウム、タンタル、ニオブ、ネオジウム、ランタン、ルテニウム、ロジウム、ベリリウム、チタン、錫、ストロンチウム、バリウム、亜鉛、ジルコニウム、鉄のような元素の酸化物、これら金属の複合酸化物が挙げられる。
 非酸化物セラミックスの具体例としては、炭化物、窒化物、硼化物を挙げることができる。炭化物の具体例としては、ケイ素、チタン、ジルコニウム、アルミニウム、ウラン、タングステン、タンタル、ハフニウム、ホウ素、鉄、マンガンのような元素の炭化物、これら元素の複合炭化物が挙げられる。この複合炭化物の例としては、ポリチタノカルボシラン又はポリジルコノカルボシランを加熱焼成して得られる無機物が挙げられる。窒化物の具体例としては、ケイ素、ホウ素、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、モリブデン等の元素の窒化物、これらの元素の複合酸化物、サイアロンが挙げられる。硼化物の具体例としては、チタン、イットリウム、ランタンのような元素の硼化物、CeCoB、CeCo、ErRhのような硼化白金族ランタノイドが挙げられる。
 ガラスの具体例としては、ケイ酸塩ガラス、リン酸塩ガラス、ホウ酸塩ガラスのような非晶質ガラスが挙げられる。結晶化ガラスの具体例としては、主結晶相がβ-スプジューメンであるLiO-Al-MgO-SiO系ガラス及びLiO-Al-MgO-SiO-Nb系ガラス、主結晶相がコージェライトであるMgO-Al-SiO系ガラス、主結晶相がバリウムオスミライトであるBaO-MgO-Al-SiO系ガラス、主結晶相がムライト又はヘキサセルシアンであるBaO-Al-SiO系ガラス、主結晶相がアノーサイトであるCaO-Al-SiO系ガラスが挙げられる。これらの結晶化ガラスの結晶相にはクリストバライトが含まれることがある。本発明におけるセラミックスとして、上記の各種セラミックスの固溶体を挙げることができる。
 セラミックスを粒子分散強化したものの具体例としては、上記のセラミックスマトリックス中に、窒化ケイ素、炭化ケイ素、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化マグネシウム、チタン酸カリウム、硼酸マグネシウム、酸化亜鉛、硼化チタン及びムライトから選択される無機物質の球状粒子、多面体粒子、板状粒子、棒状粒子、ウイスカを0.1~60体積%均一分散したセラミックスが挙げられる。球状粒子及び多面体粒子の粒径は0.1μm~1mm、板状粒子、棒状粒子及びウイスカのアスペクト比は一般に1.5~1000である。
 次に、本発明をさらに具体的に説明するために実施例を挙げるが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
 実施例1
 ポリジメチルシラン100質量部にポリボロジフェニルシロキサン0.5質量部を加え、この混合物を窒素雰囲気中、380℃で10時間加熱反応し、重量平均分子量1000のポリカルボシラン約70質量部を合成した。このポリカルボシランにジルコニウムアセチルアセトナートを5質量部添加し、窒素雰囲気中、300℃で3時間加熱反応し、ポリジルコノカルボシランを得た。このポリジルコノカルボシランを800個のマルチホールノズルにより、約250℃でドラムに連続に巻取りながら溶融紡糸を行った。ついで、空気中、180℃で5時間熱処理することにより不融化を行った。その後、窒素雰囲気中600℃で連続焼成を行い、ポリエチレンオキサイドを1質量%添加した水溶液に浸漬し200℃で乾燥させながらボビンに巻取った。ついで、カーボン製のトレイ上に直径約30cmの円形状に700m垂下した。図2に垂下した繊維の外観を示す。これを10組作製し、プッシャータイプの焼成炉を使用して、窒素中1450℃、送り速度1m/時間で連続的に焼成した。図3に焼成した後の外観を示す。無機化による重量減少と体積収縮により、全体に収縮していることがわかる。その後、ポリエチレンオキサイドを1質量%添加した水溶液にし、浸漬し200℃で乾燥させながらボビンに巻取り、長手方向に蛇行した繊維束用無機繊維から構成される複合材料用無機繊維束を作製した。
 得られた複合材料用無機繊維束は、化学組成が、質量割合で、Si:55.5%、O:9.8%、C:34.1%、Zr:0.6%の炭化ケイ素系繊維(平均直径:12.5μm、800本/繊維束、収束剤:ポリエチレンオキサイド)であった。蛇行ピッチと蛇行巾を測定した結果を表1に示す。測定は、光学顕微鏡で1本の繊維を長手方向に連続的に撮影し、任意の2箇所の蛇行ピッチと蛇行巾を写真から測定し、10本の平均値から求めた。
 また、このようにして得られた複合材料用無機繊維束中の断面を光学顕微鏡により観察した。その顕微鏡写真を図4の(a)に示す。また、得られた繊維束の引張強度をJISR7601樹脂含浸ストランド法により測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
 実施例2
 実施例1の不融化後の連続焼成を窒素雰囲気中750℃で行った以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で複合材料用無機繊維束を作製した。
 得られた複合材料用無機繊維束は、化学組成が、質量割合で、Si:55.5%、O:9.8%、C:34.1%、Zr:0.6%の炭化ケイ素系繊維(平均直径:12.1μm、800本/繊維束、収束剤:ポリエチレンオキサイド)であった。蛇行ピッチと蛇行巾を測定した結果を表1に示す。
 また、このようにして得られた複合材料用無機繊維束中の断面を光学顕微鏡により観察した。その顕微鏡写真を図4の(b)に示す。また、得られた繊維束の引張強度をJISR7601樹脂含浸ストランド法により測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
 比較例1
 実施例1の製造中に得られた、前記不融化した繊維束を、窒素雰囲気中1450℃で張力200gをかけて連続焼成を行いながら、ポリエチレンオキサイドを1質量%添加した水溶液に浸漬し200℃で乾燥させながらボビンに巻取り、複合材料用無機繊維束を作製した。
 得られた複合材料用無機繊維束は、化学組成が、質量割合で、Si:55.5%、O:9.8%、C:34.1%、Zr:0.6%の炭化ケイ素系繊維(平均直径:11μm、800本/繊維束、収束剤:ポリエチレンオキサイド)であった。蛇行ピッチおよび蛇行巾は繊維が直進しており、測定不可能であった(表1中に記載)。
 また、このようにして得られた複合材料用無機繊維束中の断面を光学顕微鏡により観察した。その顕微鏡写真を図4の(c)に示す。また、得られた繊維束の引張強度をJISR7601樹脂含浸ストランド法により測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
 実施例3
 ポリジメチルシラン100質量部にポリボロジフェニルシロキサン0.5質量部を加え、この混合物を窒素雰囲気中、380℃で10時間加熱反応し、重量平均分子量1000のポリカルボシラン約70質量部を合成した。このポリカルボシランにテトラブチルチタネートを10質量部添加し、窒素雰囲気中、300℃で3時間加熱反応し、ポリチタノカルボシランを得た。このポリチタノカルボシランを800個のマルチホールノズルにより、約250℃でケンス方式によりカーボン製のトレイ上に直径約40cmの円形状に1000m溶融紡糸した。ついで、空気中、180℃で5時間熱処理することにより不融化を行った。その後、バッチ方式の焼成炉にトレイに乗せた状態でセットし、窒素中1400℃で1時間焼成した。その後、ポリエチレンオキサイドを1質量%添加した水溶液に浸漬し200℃で乾燥させながらボビンに巻取り、長手方向に蛇行した繊維束用無機繊維から構成される複合材料用無機繊維束を作製した。
 得られた複合材料用無機繊維束は、化学組成が、質量割合で、Si:54.4%、O:10.2%、C:33.9%、Ti:1.5%の炭化ケイ素系繊維(平均直径:12.5μm、800本/繊維束、収束剤:ポリエチレンオキサイド)であった。蛇行ピッチと蛇行巾を測定した結果を表1に示す。
 また、このようにして得られた複合材料用無機繊維束中の断面を光学顕微鏡により観察した。その顕微鏡写真を図4の(d)に示す。また、得られた繊維束の引張強度をJISR7601樹脂含浸ストランド法により測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
 比較例2
 実施例3と同様にポリカルボシランを準備し、溶融紡糸方法でトレイ上に溶融紡糸する代わりに、ドラムに連続に巻取りながら溶融紡糸を行った。その後、空気中、180℃で5時間熱処理することにより不融化を行った後、窒素雰囲気中1400℃で張力100gをかけて連続焼成を行いながら、ポリエチレンオキサイドを1質量%添加した水溶液に浸漬し200℃で乾燥させながらボビンに巻取り、複合材料用無機繊維束を作製した。
 得られた複合材料用無機繊維束は、化学組成が、質量割合で、Si:54.4%、O:10.2%、C:33.9%、Ti:1.5%の炭化ケイ素系繊維(平均直径:11.3μm、800本/繊維束、収束剤:ポリエチレンオキサイド)であった。蛇行ピッチと蛇行巾を測定した結果を表1に示す。
 また、このようにして得られた複合材料用無機繊維束中の断面を光学顕微鏡により観察した。その顕微鏡写真を図4の(e)に示す。また、得られた繊維束の引張強度をJISR7601樹脂含浸ストランド法により測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
 実施例4
 ポリジメチルシラン100質量部にポリボロジフェニルシロキサン0.5質量部を加え、この混合物を窒素雰囲気中、380℃で10時間加熱反応し、重量平均分子量1000のポリカルボシラン約70質量部を合成した。このポリカルボシランにアルミニウムトリセカンダリーブトキシドを4質量部添加し、窒素雰囲気中、300℃で3時間加熱反応し、ポリアルミノカルボシランを得た。このポリアルミノカルボシランを800個のマルチホールノズルにより、約250℃でドラムに連続に巻取りながら溶融紡糸を行った。ついで、空気中、180℃で5時間熱処理することにより不融化を行った。その後、窒素雰囲気中1400℃で連続焼成を行い、ポリエチレンオキサイドを1質量%添加した水溶液に浸漬し200℃で乾燥させながらボビンに巻取った。これにより、Alを1.0質量%、Bを0.2質量%、及び余剰の炭素を1.5質量%含有する非晶質炭化ケイ素系繊維を得た。ついで、カーボン製のトレイ上に直径約30cmの円形状に1000m垂下し、バッチ方式の焼成炉にトレイに乗せた状態でセットし、アルゴン中1800℃で1時間加熱処理し、結晶化させた。その後、ポリエチレンオキサイドを1質量%添加した水溶液に浸漬し200℃で乾燥させながらボビンに巻取り、長手方向に蛇行した繊維束用無機繊維から構成される複合材料用無機繊維束を作製した。
 得られた複合材料用無機繊維束は、化学組成が、質量割合で、Si:67.8%、C:31%、O:0.3%、Al:0.84%、B:0.06%(原子比Si:C:O:Al=1:1.07:0.008:0.013)の結晶性炭化ケイ素繊維(平均直径:11μm、800本/繊維束、収束剤:ポリエチレンオキサイド)であった。蛇行ピッチと蛇行巾を測定した結果を表1に示す。
 また、このようにして得られた複合材料用無機繊維束中の断面を光学顕微鏡により観察した。その顕微鏡写真を図4の(f)に示す。また、得られた繊維束の引張強度をJISR7601樹脂含浸ストランド法により測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
 比較例3
 実施例4の製造中に得られた、Alを1.0質量%、Bを0.2質量%、及び余剰の炭素を1.5質量%含有する前記非晶質炭化ケイ素系繊維を、張力100gをかけてアルゴン中1800℃で連続的に加熱処理しながら結晶化させ、ポリエチレンオキサイドを1質量%添加した水溶液に浸漬し200℃で乾燥させながらボビンに巻取り、複合材料用無機繊維束を作製した。
 得られた複合材料用無機繊維束は、化学組成が、質量割合で、Si:67.8%、C:31%、O:0.3%、Al:0.84%、B:0.06%(原子比Si:C:O:Al=1:1.07:0.008:0.013)の結晶性炭化ケイ素繊維(平均直径:10μm、800本/繊維束、収束剤:ポリエチレンオキサイド)であった。蛇行ピッチと蛇行巾を測定した結果を表1に示す。
 このようにして得られた複合材料用無機繊維束中の断面を光学顕微鏡により観察した。その顕微鏡写真を図4の(g)に示す。また、得られた繊維束の引張強度をJISR7601樹脂含浸ストランド法により測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
 実施例1、2、3、4および比較例1、2、3で得られた結果について、以下説明する。図4から、実施例1、2、3、4はそれぞれ比較例1、2、3と比較して、繊維束は広がっており、特に、実施例1、3、4では大きく広がっており、長手方向に、本発明の蛇行ピッチ、蛇行巾を付与する効果が認められる。一方、比較例2、3から長手方向に蛇行しても、本発明の範囲外では、ほとんど効果はなく、比較例1の直進繊維と同じであることがわかる。また、長手方向に、本発明の蛇行ピッチ、蛇行巾を付与しても繊維強度への影響はほとんどないことがわかる。このように、本発明では、繊維強度を維持しつつ、繊維束中の繊維間隔を大きくかつ適度に広げることが可能であることがわかる。
 実施例5
 実施例1の複合材料用無機繊維束を3次元織物(繊維割合は、X:Y:Z=1:1:0.2)に製織した。ついで、アルゴン中、1000℃でサイジング剤を分解除去後、化学気相蒸着法により窒化ホウ素の界面層、および炭化ケイ素のマトリックスを形成して、セラミックス基複合材料を作製した。界面層は、三塩化ホウ素とアンモニアを原料ガス、アルゴンをキャリアガスとして、減圧下、1000℃で約0.5μmの厚さとした。マトリックスはメチルトリクロロシランを原料ガス、ヘリウムをキャリアガスとして、減圧下、1000℃で緻密化を行った。マトリックス形成後の空隙率は約10%であった。
 複合化する前の3次元織物の一部をほぐして、繊維束を抽出し、JISR7601樹脂含浸ストランド法により引張強度を測定した。また、作製したセラミックス基複合材料から引張試験片を加工して、室温での引張強度と破断ひずみを測定した。また、大気中1000℃で、室温での引張強度の60%の応力をかけて破断までの時間を測定し、耐久性を評価した。表2に3次元織物から抽出した繊維の引張強度、作製したセラミックス基複合材料の室温での引張強度と破断ひずみ、及び、室温での引張強度の60%の応力をかけた状態で、大気中1000℃での破断までの時間を示す。
 実施例6
 実施例2の複合材料用無機繊維束を用いて、実施例5と同じ方法で、セラミックス基複合材料を作製した。
 表2に3次元織物から抽出した繊維の引張強度、作製したセラミックス基複合材料の室温での引張強度と破断ひずみ、及び、室温での引張強度の60%の応力をかけた状態で、大気中1000℃での破断までの時間を示す。
 実施例7
 実施例3の複合材料用無機繊維束を用いて、実施例5と同じ方法で、セラミックス基複合材料を作製した。
 表2に3次元織物から抽出した繊維の引張強度、作製したセラミックス基複合材料の室温での引張強度と破断ひずみ、及び、室温での引張強度の60%の応力をかけた状態で、大気中1000℃での破断までの時間を示す。
 実施例8
 実施例4の複合材料用無機繊維束を用いて、実施例5と同じ方法で、セラミックス基複合材料を作製した。
 表2に3次元織物から抽出した繊維の引張強度、作製したセラミックス基複合材料の室温での引張強度と破断ひずみ、及び、室温での引張強度の60%の応力をかけた状態で、大気中1000℃での破断までの時間を示す。
 比較例4
 比較例1の複合材料用無機繊維束を用いて、実施例5と同じ方法で、セラミックス基複合材料を作製し、評価を行った。表2に3次元織物から抽出した繊維の引張強度、作製したセラミックス基複合材料の室温での引張強度と破断ひずみ、及び、室温での引張強度の60%の応力をかけた状態で、大気中1000℃での破断までの時間を示す。
 比較例5
 比較例2の複合材料用無機繊維束を用いて、実施例7と同じ方法で、セラミックス基複合材料を作製し、評価を行った。表2に3次元織物から抽出した繊維の引張強度、作製したセラミックス基複合材料の室温での引張強度と破断ひずみ、及び、室温での引張強度の60%の応力をかけた状態で、大気中1000℃での破断までの時間を示す。
 比較例6
 比較例3の複合材料用無機繊維束を用いて、実施例8と同じ方法で、セラミックス基複合材料を作製し、評価を行った。表2に3次元織物から抽出した繊維の引張強度、作製したセラミックス基複合材料の室温での引張強度と破断ひずみ、及び、室温での引張強度の60%の応力をかけた状態で、大気中1000℃での破断までの時間を示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
 実施例5、6、7、8および比較例4、5、6で得られた結果について以下説明する。繊維の引張強度については、いずれも低下は認められず、長手方向に、特定の蛇行ピッチ、蛇行巾を付与して、3次元織物のような複雑な製織を行っても、繊維の引張強度は低下しないことがわかる。
 セラミックス基複合材料の室温での引張強度と破断ひずみについては、実施例5、6、7、8のセラミックス基複合材料は引張強度、破断ひずみともに、実施例6でやや低い値となっているが、それぞれ比較例4、5、6よりも高い値を示している。破面観察から、実施例5、7、8では、繊維束中の繊維同士の接触はなく、窒化ホウ素の界面層も各繊維表面に均一に形成されていることが確認され、繊維のプルアウトも顕著に観察され、界面層が有効に機能していることが確認された。これが、高い強度、破断ひずみが得られた原因と考えられる。実施例6は、実施例2の繊維束の広がりが実施例1、3、4の繊維束の広がりよりも小さくなっているため、実施例5、7、8に比べ、繊維束中の一部に繊維同士の接触が認められた。これらの接触箇所では、窒化ホウ素の界面層が形成されておらず、繊維のプルアウトも少なくなっており、やや低い値となった原因と考えられる。
 比較例4、5、6においては、繊維束中のほとんどの繊維同士が互いに接触しており、接触箇所では界面層が形成されていなかった。また、繊維のプルアウトも少なく、繊維の破断が繊維同士の接触点から発生しており、接触点が応力集中の原因であることが確認された。このように、3次元織物に加工するまでの繊維強度の低下はないが、繊維同士の接触点による応力集中と不均一な界面層が、低い強度と破断ひずみを示す原因と考えられる。
 セラミックス基複合材料の室温での引張強度の60%の応力をかけた状態で、大気中1000℃での破断までの時間については、実施例5、6、7、8のセラミックス基複合材料は、実施例6でやや低い値となっているが、それぞれ比較例4、5、6よりも長い破断時間を示している。実施例5、7、8の破面観察では、繊維のプルアウトが、室温での引張試験後の破面に比べて少ないものの、顕著に観察され、繊維や界面層の酸化によるガラス層形成はわずかであった。実施例6では、実施例5、7、8に比べ、繊維同士の接触により、ガラス層がやや多く観察され、これが、やや低い値となった原因と考えられる。なお、破断時間は、実施例の中では、実施例8が最も長く、実施例7が最も短くなっている。これは、繊維自身の耐熱性に依存しているためで、実施例4の繊維の耐熱性が最も優れており、実施例3の繊維の耐熱性が最も劣っているためである。
 比較例4、5、6の破面観察では、繊維束中のほとんどの繊維同士が接触しており、接触点近傍にガラス層が顕著に観察された。これらの大量の優先的なガラス層の形成により、繊維同士が強固に結合して、応力集中の原因となり、脆性的な破壊を起こし、破断時間を短くした原因と考えられる。なお、破断時間は、比較例の中では、比較例6が最も長く、比較例5が最も短くなっている。これは、前記したように繊維自身の耐熱性に依存しているためで、比較例3の繊維の耐熱性が最も優れており、比較例2の繊維の耐熱性が最も劣っているためである。
 本発明は、セラミックス基複合材料の強化繊維用の無機繊維束とこの繊維で強化されたセラミックス基複合材料の製造に利用することが可能である。

Claims (8)

  1.  複合材料用無機繊維束を構成する繊維束用無機繊維において、
     長手方向に蛇行し、蛇行ピッチが3~40mmであり、蛇行巾が0.1~5mmであることを特徴する繊維束用無機繊維。
  2.  元素組成が、Si:45~60質量%、Ti又はZr:0.2~5質量%、C:20~45質量%、O:0.1~20.0質量%を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の繊維束用無機繊維。
  3.  密度が2.7g/cm以上、引張強度が2GPa以上、弾性率が250GPa以上であり、Si:50~70質量%、C:28~45質量%、Al:0.06~3.8質量%及びB:0.06~0.5質量%を含み、SiCの焼結構造からなる結晶性炭化ケイ素繊維であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の繊維束用無機繊維。
  4.  有機ケイ素重合体を紡糸し、得られた紡糸繊維を不融化し、得られた不融化繊維を不活性雰囲気中で焼成する複合材料用無機繊維束を構成する繊維束用無機繊維の製造方法において、
     前記焼成処理は、前記不融化繊維に張力を掛けずにおこなうことを特徴とする繊維束用無機繊維の製造方法。
  5.  Alを0.05~3質量%、Bを0.05~0.4質量%、及び余剰の炭素を1~3質量%含有する非晶質炭化ケイ素系繊維を1600~2100℃の温度及び不活性雰囲気中で焼成し、結晶化させる複合材料用無機繊維束を構成する繊維束用無機繊維の製造方法において、
     前記焼成処理は、前記非晶質炭化ケイ素系繊維に張力を掛けずにおこなうことを特徴とする繊維束用無機繊維の製造方法。
  6.  請求項1乃至3いずれか記載の繊維束用無機繊維から構成される複合材料用無機繊維束。
  7.  請求項6記載の複合材料用無機繊維束を強化繊維とし、セラミックスをマトリックスとすることを特徴とするセラミックス基複合材料。
  8.  複合材料用無機繊維束の形態が2次元若しくは3次元織物又は一方向シート状物、又はそれらの積層物であることを特徴とする請求項7記載のセラミックス基複合材料。
PCT/JP2011/052563 2010-03-19 2011-02-07 繊維束用無機繊維及びその製造方法、その繊維束用無機繊維から構成される複合材料用無機繊維束、並びにその繊維束で強化されたセラミックス基複合材料 WO2011114810A1 (ja)

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CN2011800142929A CN102803589A (zh) 2010-03-19 2011-02-07 纤维束用无机纤维及其制造方法、由这种纤维束用无机纤维构成的复合材料用无机纤维束、以及用这种纤维束强化的陶瓷基复合材料
US13/583,124 US20130029127A1 (en) 2010-03-19 2011-02-07 Inorganic fiber for fiber bundles, process for producing the same, inorganic fiber bundle for composite material comprising the inorganic fiber for fiber bundles, and ceramic-based composite material reinforced with the fiber bundle
JP2012505565A JPWO2011114810A1 (ja) 2010-03-19 2011-02-07 繊維束用無機繊維及びその製造方法、その繊維束用無機繊維から構成される複合材料用無機繊維束、並びにその繊維束で強化されたセラミックス基複合材料

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CN114380612A (zh) * 2022-02-21 2022-04-22 江西信达航科新材料科技有限公司 低损耗高抗氧化碳化硅纤维增强氧化锆-钨酸锆陶瓷复合材料的制备方法

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JP2018199604A (ja) * 2017-05-29 2018-12-20 イビデン株式会社 SiC繊維強化セラミック複合材およびその製造方法
CN114380612A (zh) * 2022-02-21 2022-04-22 江西信达航科新材料科技有限公司 低损耗高抗氧化碳化硅纤维增强氧化锆-钨酸锆陶瓷复合材料的制备方法

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