WO2011114748A1 - 燃料電池発電システム及び燃料電池発電システムの運転停止方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池発電システム及び燃料電池発電システムの運転停止方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011114748A1 WO2011114748A1 PCT/JP2011/001622 JP2011001622W WO2011114748A1 WO 2011114748 A1 WO2011114748 A1 WO 2011114748A1 JP 2011001622 W JP2011001622 W JP 2011001622W WO 2011114748 A1 WO2011114748 A1 WO 2011114748A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0822—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel the fuel containing hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0827—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel at least part of the fuel being a recycle stream
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1258—Pre-treatment of the feed
- C01B2203/1264—Catalytic pre-treatment of the feed
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell power generation system and a fuel cell power generation system operation stop method, and more particularly, to a fuel cell power generation system operation stop control.
- a fuel cell cogeneration system for home use comprising: a power generator using a fuel cell; and a hot water storage tank for storing water (hot water) heated using heat generated when power is generated by the power generator.
- a typical fuel cell power generation system is equipped with a fuel generator for reforming raw materials such as hydrocarbons as a hydrogen supply source.
- the fuel cell power generation system is high energy conversion efficiency and its maintenance (durability).
- a source gas such as city gas (natural gas) mainly composed of methane for household use
- a time when electricity and heat consumption is low in order to increase the utility cost and CO 2 reduction effect.
- An operation method is effective in which the belt is stopped and the vehicle is operated during a time when electricity and heat consumption is high.
- DSS Dynamic Start-Up & Shut-Down
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a fuel cell power generation system and a fuel cell power generation system operation stop method that are low in cost, have low energy loss, and have excellent durability. And
- the present inventors have obtained the following knowledge. That is, in the conventional fuel cell power generation system, the amount of power generation in the fuel cell when the operation of the fuel cell power generation system is stopped is not considered at all. For this reason, the stop process is performed while maintaining the power generation amount when the stop command of the fuel cell power generation system is input to the controller. For this reason, during the stop process, more fuel gas than necessary is generated, and the raw material gas that does not need to be consumed is consumed. And since the produced
- a fuel cell power generation system includes an electrolyte membrane, an anode, a cathode, a fuel gas channel that supplies fuel gas to the anode, and an oxidant gas channel that supplies oxidant gas to the cathode.
- a fuel cell that generates electricity by reacting the fuel gas supplied to the anode and the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode, and a raw material gas and water supplied from a raw material gas supplier
- a fuel generator configured to cause a reforming reaction with water supplied from a supplier to generate the fuel gas, and to supply the fuel gas to the fuel gas flow path of the fuel cell via a fuel gas supply path;
- An oxidant gas supply device for supplying an oxidant gas to the oxidant gas flow path of the fuel cell via an oxidant gas supply path, and an unused fuel gas discharged from the fuel gas flow path of the fuel cell Is flowing A fuel gas discharge path, an oxidant gas discharge path through which unused oxidant gas discharged from the oxidant gas flow path of the fuel cell flows, and electric power is extracted from the fuel cell and supplied to an external load
- An output controller configured to open and close a path upstream of the fuel gas flow path, a path downstream of the fuel gas flow path, and a path upstream of the oxidant
- the opening / closing mechanism is configured to close the upstream path of the fuel gas flow path and the downstream path of the fuel gas flow path.
- the amount of fuel gas generated by the fuel generator can be reduced, and energy loss can be reduced.
- the fuel gas in the fuel gas channel crosses into the oxidant gas channel, and the internal pressure of the fuel cell is maintained by the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply path to reduce the internal pressure due to the temperature drop. Can do.
- the deterioration of the cathode can be suppressed by reacting the oxidant gas (oxygen) remaining in the oxidant gas flow path with the cross-leaked fuel gas (hydrogen).
- the fuel cell is provided by supplying the oxidant gas flow path with an oxidant gas whose oxygen concentration existing in the oxidant gas discharge path is lower than that of the outside air due to the consumption of the oxidant gas.
- the pressure inside can be maintained and the amount of fuel gas consumed can be reduced.
- the fuel cell power generation system operating method includes an electrolyte membrane, an anode, a cathode, a fuel gas passage for supplying a fuel gas to the anode, and an oxidant for supplying an oxidant gas to the cathode.
- a method of stopping operation of a fuel cell power generation system comprising: a gas flow path; and a fuel cell that generates power by reacting the fuel gas supplied to the anode and the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode.
- the opening / closing mechanism includes a step (D) of closing a path upstream of the fuel gas flow path and a path downstream of the fuel gas flow path.
- the amount of fuel gas generated by the fuel generator can be reduced, and energy loss can be reduced.
- the fuel gas in the fuel gas channel crosses into the oxidant gas channel, and the internal pressure of the fuel cell is maintained by the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply path to reduce the internal pressure due to the temperature drop. Can do.
- the deterioration of the cathode can be suppressed by reacting the oxidant gas (oxygen) remaining in the oxidant gas flow path with the cross-leaked fuel gas (hydrogen).
- the fuel cell is provided by supplying the oxidant gas flow path with an oxidant gas whose oxygen concentration existing in the oxidant gas discharge path is lower than that of the outside air due to the consumption of the oxidant gas.
- the pressure inside can be maintained and the amount of fuel gas consumed can be reduced.
- the cost can be reduced, the energy loss can be reduced, and the durability can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell power generation system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell power generation system according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 1. As shown in FIG. FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system according to Modification 2 of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell power generation system includes an electrolyte membrane, an anode, a cathode, a fuel gas channel that supplies fuel gas to the anode, and an oxidant gas flow that supplies oxidant gas to the cathode.
- a fuel cell that generates electricity by reacting a fuel gas supplied to the anode and an oxidant gas supplied to the cathode, and a source gas and a water supplier supplied from the source gas supplier.
- a fuel generator is generated by reforming reaction with the supplied water, and the fuel gas is supplied to the fuel gas flow path of the fuel cell via the fuel gas supply path, and the oxidant gas is the oxidant gas.
- An oxidant gas supply device that supplies the oxidant gas flow path of the fuel cell via the supply path, a fuel gas discharge path through which unused fuel gas discharged from the fuel gas flow path of the fuel cell flows, and fuel Drain from the oxidant gas flow path of the battery
- An opening / closing mechanism configured to open and close each of the downstream path and the upstream path of the oxidant gas flow path, and a controller.
- the output controller is controlled so as to stop the power supply to the external load by reducing the amount of power extracted from the external load, and the supply of the oxidant gas from the oxidant gas supply is stopped and the oxidant gas flow
- the passage on the upstream side of the passage is closed by an opening / closing mechanism, the passage on the upstream side of the oxidant gas flow path is closed, and then the inside of the oxidant gas flow path is replaced with the fuel gas cross-leaked through the electrolyte membrane Later, raw material gas supply Beauty water supply device is stopped, then, by opening and closing mechanism, it is intended to illustrate embodiments that are configured to close the downstream side of the path of the upstream side path and the fuel gas flow passage of the fuel gas passage.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a fuel cell power generation system 100 includes an electrolyte membrane 11A, a fuel cell 11 having a fuel gas channel 1 and an oxidant gas channel 2, and a combustor 12A.
- the fuel gas supply switch 71, the fuel gas discharge switch 72, the oxidant gas supply switch 74, and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 constitute an open / close mechanism.
- the controller 20 controls the output controller 14 so as to reduce the amount of power taken out from the fuel cell 11 and then stop the power supply to the external load, and the oxidant gas supplier 13.
- the oxidant gas supply path 54 (the upstream path of the oxidant gas flow path 2) is closed by an open / close mechanism (oxidant gas supply switch 74), and the oxidant gas supply path 54 is closed.
- the raw material gas supply device 16 and the water supply device 15 are stopped after a lapse of a predetermined time during which oxygen in the oxidant gas flow path 2 is consumed by the fuel gas cross-leaked through the electrolyte membrane 11A.
- the fuel gas supply path 51 (the upstream path of the fuel gas flow path 1) and the fuel are opened and closed by an opening / closing mechanism (fuel gas supply switch 71, fuel gas discharge switch 72, oxidant gas discharge switch 75).
- Gas discharge path 52 (the downstream side path of the fuel gas flow path 1), and is configured to close the oxidizing gas discharging passage 55.
- the fuel cell 11 has an electrolyte membrane 11A, an anode 11B, a cathode 11C, a fuel gas channel 1, and an oxidant gas channel 2.
- the electrolyte membrane 11A for example, a polymer electrolyte membrane that selectively transports hydrogen ions (for example, Nafion (trade name) manufactured by DuPont, USA) can be used.
- the fuel gas channel 1 is configured to supply fuel gas to the anode 11B.
- the oxidant gas channel 2 is configured to supply oxidant gas to the cathode 11C.
- the supplied fuel gas and the oxidant gas react electrochemically to generate water, and electricity and heat are generated.
- a cooling medium such as water or an antifreeze liquid (for example, an ethylene glycol-containing liquid) flows through the fuel cell 11 through a cooling medium flow path (not shown). Thereby, the generated heat is recovered. The heat recovered by the cooling medium is further heat-exchanged with water and stored as hot water in a hot water storage tank (not shown).
- a conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell can be used as the fuel cell 11 of the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment, and a detailed description of its configuration is omitted.
- the fuel generator 12 has a reformer 12B and an evaporator 12C.
- a water supply unit 15 is connected to the evaporator 12 ⁇ / b> C via a water supply path 56.
- the water supply path 56 is provided with a water switch 76.
- the water supplier 15 may have any form as long as the water flow rate can be adjusted and supplied to the evaporator 12C.
- a flow rate adjuster that adjusts the flow rate of water can be used.
- the flow rate regulator may be constituted by a single flow rate adjustment valve or a single pump, or may be constituted by a combination of a pump and a flow rate adjustment valve.
- the water switch 76 may be in any form as long as it is configured to block water flow.
- an on-off valve such as an electromagnetic valve can be used.
- the evaporator 12C is configured to vaporize the water supplied from the water supplier 15 and supply water vapor to the reformer 12B.
- the reformer 12B has a reforming catalyst that generates a hydrogen-containing gas by reforming a raw material gas and water.
- a raw material gas supply unit 16 is connected to the reformer 12 ⁇ / b> B via a raw material gas supply path 57.
- a source gas switch 77 is provided in the source gas supply path 57.
- the source gas supply unit 16 may have any form as long as it can supply the reformer 12B with the flow rate of the source gas adjusted.
- the raw material gas supplier 16 may be constituted by, for example, a flow rate adjusting valve alone or a booster pump alone, or may be constituted by a combination of a booster pump and a flow rate regulating valve.
- the source gas switch 77 may have any form as long as it is configured to block the flow of the source gas.
- an open / close valve such as a solenoid valve can be used.
- the raw material gas supplied from the raw material gas supplier 16 and the water vapor supplied from the evaporator 12C undergo a reforming reaction to generate a hydrogen-containing gas, and the generated hydrogen-containing gas is The fuel gas is supplied to the fuel gas supply path 51.
- source gas what contains the organic compound which uses carbon and hydrogen as a structural element at least, such as hydrocarbons, such as ethane and propane, can be used, for example.
- a liquid raw material such as an alcohol-based raw material such as methanol
- the raw material gas supply device 16 has a deodorizer that removes odorous components (for example, mercaptans) contained in the city gas when city gas (natural gas) mainly composed of methane is used as the raw material gas. It may be configured as follows.
- the deodorizer may have a configuration having activated carbon or a filter, a configuration using a zeolite-based adsorbent that removes odorous components by adsorption, or a configuration using a hydrodesulfurization catalyst.
- the fuel generator 12 has a combustor 12A, and the downstream end of the fuel gas discharge path 52 is connected to the combustor 12A.
- the combustion air supply unit 17 is connected to the combustor 12 ⁇ / b> A via a combustion air supply path 58.
- the combustor 12 ⁇ / b> A may include, for example, a flame rod that detects the combustion state of an igniter and combustion exhaust gas.
- the combustion air supplier 17 may have any form as long as it can supply combustion air to the combustor 12A.
- fans such as a blower or a sirocco fan can be used.
- In the combustor 12A combustion fuel and combustion air are supplied, and these are combusted to generate combustion exhaust gas.
- the generated combustion exhaust gas heats the reformer 12B and the evaporator 12C, and then flows through the combustion exhaust gas path (not shown) and is discharged outside the fuel cell power generation system 100.
- the combustion fuel include a raw material gas and a hydrogen-containing gas generated by the reformer 12B.
- the fuel gas supply path 51 connects the fuel generator 12 and the fuel cell 11 (more precisely, the fuel gas flow path 1 of the fuel cell 11), and the fuel gas generated by the fuel generator 12 flows therethrough. Is configured to do. Further, a fuel gas supply switch 71 is provided in the fuel gas supply path 51.
- the fuel gas supply switch 71 may be in any form as long as it is configured to cut off the flow of fuel gas or the like. As the fuel gas supply switch 71, for example, an open / close valve such as an electromagnetic valve can be used. As a result, the fuel gas generated by the fuel generator 12 flows through the fuel gas supply path 51 and is supplied to the fuel gas flow path 1 of the fuel cell 11.
- the fuel gas discharge path 52 is configured such that unused fuel gas (hereinafter referred to as off-fuel gas) flows through the anode 11B of the fuel cell 11.
- the off-fuel gas that has flowed through the fuel gas discharge path 52 is supplied to the combustor 12 ⁇ / b> A of the fuel generator 12.
- the fuel gas discharge path 52 is provided with a fuel gas discharge switch 72.
- the fuel gas discharge switch 72 may have any form as long as it is configured to cut off the flow of off-fuel gas or the like.
- an open / close valve such as a solenoid valve can be used.
- the oxidant gas supply unit 13 is connected to the fuel cell 11 (more precisely, the oxidant gas flow path 2 of the fuel cell 11) via the oxidant gas supply path 54.
- An oxidant gas supply switch 74 is provided in the middle of the oxidant gas supply path 54.
- the oxidant gas supply unit 13 may have any form as long as it can supply the oxidant gas flow path 2 of the fuel cell 11 with the flow rate of the oxidant gas (air) adjusted.
- fans such as a blower and a sirocco fan can be used.
- the oxidant gas supply switch 74 may be in any form as long as it is configured to block the flow of the oxidant gas.
- an open / close valve such as a solenoid valve can be used.
- an oxidant gas discharge path 55 is connected to the downstream end of the oxidant gas flow path 2 of the fuel cell 11.
- the oxidant gas discharge path 55 is configured such that unused oxidant gas (hereinafter referred to as off-oxidant gas) flows through the cathode 11C of the fuel cell 11.
- the off-oxidant gas flowing through the oxidant gas discharge path 55 is discharged out of the fuel cell power generation system 100.
- An oxidant gas discharge switch 75 is provided in the middle of the oxidant gas discharge path 55.
- the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 may be in any form as long as it is configured to cut off the flow of off-oxidant gas.
- an open / close valve such as a solenoid valve can be used.
- An output controller 14 is connected to the fuel cell 11 via a wiring 41.
- the output controller 14 is configured to control the amount of power extracted from the fuel cell 11. Specifically, the output controller 14 boosts the power generated in the fuel cell 11 and converts a direct current into an alternating current. And the output controller 14 supplies the auxiliary machine of the fuel cell power generation system 100 which uses direct current, such as the combustion air supply device 17, etc., and supplies alternating current to an external load.
- the output controller 14 may include a DC / DC converter and a DC / AC inverter.
- the controller 20 may be in any form as long as it is a device that controls each device that constitutes the fuel cell power generation system 100 such as the water supply device 15.
- the controller 20 may be configured by a microprocessor, a CPU, or the like. it can.
- the controller 20 is not only configured as a single controller, but also configured as a controller group in which a plurality of controllers cooperate to execute control of the fuel cell power generation system 100. It doesn't matter.
- the controller 20 may include not only an arithmetic processing unit exemplified by a microprocessor, a CPU, and the like, but also a storage unit including a memory and a timer unit.
- the remote controller (operator) 21 includes a control unit (not shown) configured by a microcomputer, a communication unit (not shown), a display unit 21A, and a key operation unit 21B.
- the control unit is a communication unit. Etc. are controlled.
- the remote controller 21 receives a control signal by the communication unit, and the control unit processes this and transmits it to the display unit 21A.
- an operation signal input from the key operation unit 21 ⁇ / b> B of the remote controller 21 is transmitted to the controller 20 via the control unit and the communication unit of the remote controller 21 and received by the communication unit of the controller 20.
- the exchange of signals between the controller 20 and the remote controller 21 is described by omitting communication by both communication units and processing of the control unit in the remote controller 21.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system 100 shown in FIG.
- step S101 when the fuel cell power generation system 100 is operating and the preset operation end time of the fuel cell power generation system 100 is reached, or when the user operates the key operation unit 21 ⁇ / b> B in the remote control 21.
- the stop button When the stop button is pressed, an operation stop command is input to the controller 20 (step S101).
- the controller 20 sets the amount of power extracted from the fuel cell 11 to the amount of power that can be operated independently.
- the controller 20 includes the oxidant gas supplier 13, the output controller 14, the water supplier 15, and the raw material so that the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 11 becomes the amount of power that can be operated independently.
- the gas supplier 16 is controlled (step S102).
- the amount of power that can be operated independently refers to the minimum amount of power generated by the fuel cell that can operate normally even if each device constituting the fuel cell system stops taking out power.
- the amount of power that can be operated independently may be, for example, about 30% of the amount of power when the fuel cell 11 is rated.
- the electric energy taken out from the fuel cell 11 in step S102 was set to the electric energy which can be operated independently, it is not limited to this.
- the amount of power taken out from the fuel cell 11 is smaller than the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 11 when the operation stop command of the fuel cell power generation system 100 is input to the controller 20 and more than the amount of power that can be operated independently. If the amount of power is less than the above, the effects of the present invention can be achieved.
- step S103 the controller 20 determines whether or not the amount of power extracted by the output controller 14 has reached the amount of power that can be operated independently.
- step S104 the controller 20 proceeds to step S104.
- step S104 the controller 20 controls the output controller 14 so as to stop the power supply to the external load.
- the anode 11B inside the fuel cell 11 more precisely, The hydrogen concentration in the fuel gas flow path 1 and in the fuel gas discharge path 52 up to the fuel gas discharge switch 72 is low. Therefore, in order to replace the inside of the anode 11B with unused hydrogen-rich fuel gas, the time from stopping the power supply to the external load until proceeding to step S105 is the time represented by the following (Equation 1). T seconds are preferred.
- the auxiliary machine which comprises the fuel cell power generation system 100 is an apparatus which operate
- the electric heater etc. which heat the water stored in the combustion air supply device 17, the oxidizing agent gas supply device 13, the hot water storage tank which is not shown in figure are mentioned, for example. If comprised in this way, cost reduction can be achieved.
- the controller 20 stops the oxidant gas supply device 13 (step S105), and closes the oxidant gas supply switch 74 (step S106). Since the fuel generator 12 is not stopped, fuel gas is supplied from the fuel generator 12 via the fuel gas supply path 51.
- the oxidant gas (oxygen) remaining in the oxidant gas flow channel 2 of the fuel cell 11 leaks from the fuel gas flow channel 1 to the oxidant gas flow channel 2 via the electrolyte membrane 11A ( Reacted with hydrogen) and consumed.
- an oxidant gas (off-oxidant gas) having a low oxygen concentration present in the oxidant gas discharge path 55 is converted into the oxidant. It is supplied into the gas flow path 2.
- the fuel gas is supplied from the fuel generator 12 to the fuel gas passage 1 of the fuel cell 11 via the fuel gas supply path 51.
- the controller 20 stops the raw material gas supply device 16 and the water supply device 15 when a predetermined time elapses after the oxidant gas supply switch 74 is closed in Step S106 (Yes in Step S107) ( Step S108).
- the predetermined time is the volume of the space (hereinafter referred to as the fuel gas passage 1) that is closed (sealed) by the fuel gas supply switch 71 and the fuel gas discharge switch 72 (sealed).
- Anode space volume) (A [L]) volume of space including the oxidant gas flow path 2 closed (sealed) by the oxidant gas supply switch 74 and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 (hereinafter referred to as “anode space volume”).
- Cathode space volume) (C [L]) ratio which is appropriately changed depending on the A / C ratio and the amount of gas leaking through the electrolyte membrane 11A. From the viewpoint of suppressing the air inflow to the anode 11B due to the sudden negative pressure accompanying the gas consumption, and suppressing the catalyst deterioration of the anode 11B and the cathode 11C, the longer one is preferable.
- the system safety standard JIS C 8822: 2008
- JIS C 8822: 2008 is 1.17 cc / min (at 20 kPa pressurization) and no pressure holding operation, it may be set to about 10 min. With this setting, the sudden negative pressure immediately after the stop can be sufficiently relieved, and even after 48 hours have passed since the stop of the fuel cell power generation system 100, hydrogen is held in the fuel cell 11 and the potentials of both electrodes Can also be kept low.
- the predetermined time may be set as follows when the pressure inside the fuel cell 11 is maintained via the fuel generator 12, as will be described later. That is, until the temperature in the fuel generator 12 (more precisely, the reformer 12B) is lowered to a temperature at which the carbon derived from the raw material gas is not deposited on the surface of the reforming catalyst of the reformer 12B, You may set the time which can supply the fuel gas quantity which can keep the pressure in the fuel cell 11, especially the anode 11B in the pressure more than a design lower limit.
- the design lower limit pressure is a design pressure that can suppress the inflow air amount during the time during which the pressure cannot be maintained to the minimum necessary.
- the system safety standard JIS C 8822: 2008
- JIS C 8822: 2008 is 1.17 cc / min (at 20 kPa pressurization) and the pressure cannot be maintained for about 40 minutes, set it to about 1 min. Also good. With this setting, the sudden negative pressure immediately after the stop can be relieved, and even after 48 hours have passed since the stop of the fuel cell power generation system 100, hydrogen is held in the fuel cell 11 and both electrode potentials are kept low. can do.
- the controller 20 closes the fuel gas supply switch 71 and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 (step S108), seals the fuel cell 11, and ends this program.
- the fuel generator 12 when the operation stop command is output, the fuel generator 12 reduces the amount of power generated by the output controller 14 by the fuel cell 11. Reduce the amount of fuel gas produced. For this reason, an energy loss can be reduced rather than the conventional fuel cell power generation system. Further, the inside of the fuel cell 11 can be replaced with fuel gas so that the cell performance of the fuel cell 11 is not deteriorated. Furthermore, even if the oxidant gas flow path 2 becomes negative pressure, the pressure is maintained by the fuel gas or the off-oxidant gas having a low oxygen concentration, so that the outside air is prevented from being mixed into the fuel cell 11 and the fuel cell. 11 battery performance can be suppressed. For this reason, durability of the fuel cell power generation system 100 can be improved.
- the fuel generator 12 is configured so that the hydrogen-containing gas (reformed gas) generated by the reformer 12B is sent to the fuel cell 11.
- the fuel generator 12 includes a shifter having a shift catalyst (for example, a copper-zinc based catalyst) for reducing carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-containing gas generated by the reformer 12B and / or an oxidation catalyst (for example, It is good also as a structure provided with the carbon monoxide remover which has a ruthenium catalyst.
- anode space volume A [L]
- cathode space volume the volume of the space including the oxidant gas passage 2
- the fuel cell 11 is preferably configured so that the A / C ratio is 1 to 3 from the viewpoint of the consumption of oxygen and hydrogen in the fuel cell 11 and the strength of the fuel cell 11.
- the controller 20 may stop the water supply device 15 and the raw material gas supply device 16 and close the water switch 76 and the raw material gas switch 77 in step S108. .
- the fuel cell power generation system of Modification 1 of Embodiment 1 includes a raw material gas supply path for supplying raw material gas from a raw material gas supply to a fuel generator, a raw material gas switch for opening and closing the raw material gas supply path, water A water supply path for supplying the water from the supply to the fuel generator, a water switch for opening and closing the water supply path, a fuel gas discharge switch for opening and closing the fuel gas discharge path, and an oxidant gas supply path for opening and closing And an oxidant gas supply switch, and the switch mechanism includes a source gas switch, a water switch, a fuel gas discharge switch, and an oxidant gas supply switch.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell power generation system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1. As shown in FIG.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the first modification has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment, but includes a fuel gas supply switch 71 and an oxidant gas. The difference is that the discharge switch 75 is not provided.
- the switching mechanism includes a water switch 76, a raw material gas switch 77, a fuel gas discharge switch 72, and an oxidant gas supply switch 74.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the first modification has the same basic process as the operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. The difference is that step S109A is performed instead of S109. Specifically, the controller 20 closes the source gas switch 77, the water switch 76, and the fuel gas discharge switch 72 in step S109A.
- the fuel gas supply path 51 is connected to a path (including the reformer 12B and the evaporator 12C) formed in the fuel generator 12, a water supply path 56, and a source gas supply path 57 (communication). Have been).
- the path formed in the fuel generator 12 is normally configured so that air does not flow from the outside.
- the fuel gas supply path 51 can be closed by closing the water switch 76 provided in the water supply path 56 and the source gas switch 77 provided in the source gas supply path 57.
- the oxidant gas (oxygen) remaining in the oxidant gas channel 2 of the fuel cell 11 is removed from the fuel gas channel 1. It reacts with the fuel gas (hydrogen) leaking into the oxidant gas flow path 2 through the electrolyte membrane 11A and is consumed.
- an oxidant gas (off-oxidant gas) having a low oxygen concentration present in the oxidant gas discharge path 55 is converted into the oxidant. It is supplied into the gas flow path 2. Oxygen in the off-oxidant gas supplied into the oxidant gas channel 2 is consumed by the fuel gas.
- an off-oxidant gas having a sufficiently low oxygen concentration is present in the path near the oxidant gas flow path 2 of the oxidant gas discharge path 55.
- a condenser and a heat exchanger (not shown) for recovering off-oxidant gas water vapor and heat are connected downstream of the oxidant gas discharge path 55, so Air (high oxygen concentration) flows through the oxidant gas discharge path 55 and hardly diffuses and enters the fuel cell 11. Therefore, the oxidant gas flow path 2 is sealed with the off-oxidant gas having a sufficiently low oxygen concentration without closing the oxidant gas discharge path 55 with the oxidant gas discharge switch 75. .
- the off-oxidant gas oxygen concentration
- the capacity of the off-oxidant gas having a sufficiently low oxygen concentration is determined by the time during which the fuel gas is supplied to the fuel gas passage 1, that is, the predetermined time in step S107.
- the cathode space volume is the volume of the oxidant gas flow path 2.
- the oxidant gas flow path 2 is present in the oxidant gas discharge path 55 even if the pressure inside the fuel cell 11 becomes negative.
- Off-oxidant gas having a sufficiently low oxygen concentration flows. For this reason, catalyst deterioration of the anode 11B and the cathode 11C can be suppressed.
- hydrogen is held in the fuel cell 11 and the potential of both electrodes can be kept low.
- the fuel cell power generation system of Modification 2 in Embodiment 1 includes a raw material gas supply path for supplying raw material gas from a raw material gas supply to a fuel generator, a raw material gas switch for opening and closing the raw material gas supply path, water Water supply path for supplying water from the supply to the fuel generator, water switch for opening and closing the water supply path, fuel gas discharge switch for opening and closing the fuel gas discharge path, and oxidation for opening and closing the oxidant gas supply path An oxidant gas supply switch and an oxidant gas discharge switch that closes the oxidant gas discharge path.
- the switching mechanism includes a raw material gas switch, a water switch, a fuel gas discharge switch, and an oxidant gas supply switch. And an oxidizer gas discharge switch.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell power generation system according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 1. As shown in FIG.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the second modification has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment, but is provided with a fuel gas supply switch 71. There is no difference.
- the opening / closing mechanism includes a water switch 76, a raw material gas switch 77, a fuel gas discharge switch 72, an oxidant gas supply switch 74, and an oxidant gas discharge switch.
- the device 75 is configured.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system according to Modification 2 of the first embodiment.
- step S109B is performed. Specifically, in step S109B, the controller 20 closes the source gas switch 77, the water switch 76, the fuel gas discharge switch 72, and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75.
- the fuel gas supply switch 71 is not provided. However, similarly to the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the first modification, the water switch 76 and the raw material gas switch are provided. By closing 77, the fuel gas supply path 51 can be closed.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 of the second modification configured as described above has the same operational effects as the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment.
- a fuel cell power generation system includes a fuel gas bypass path that connects a fuel gas supply path and a fuel gas discharge path and bypasses the fuel gas.
- the upstream path, the downstream side of the fuel gas flow path, the upstream path from the connecting portion of the fuel gas bypass path, the upstream path of the oxidant gas flow path, and the fuel gas bypass path The controller is configured to open and close, and in the stop process, the controller reduces the amount of power taken from the fuel cell, and then controls the output controller to stop power supply to the external load, and supplies the oxidant gas.
- the supply of the oxidant gas from the vessel is stopped, the open / close mechanism closes the upstream path of the oxidant gas flow path, opens the fuel gas bypass path, and the downstream side of the fuel gas flow path, and The path upstream of the connecting portion of the fuel gas bypass path is closed, and then the oxidant gas flow path is replaced with the fuel gas that has cross-leaked through the electrolyte membrane.
- An example is shown in which the feeder is stopped, and then, at least the upstream path and the fuel gas bypass path of the fuel gas flow path are closed by the opening / closing mechanism.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to Embodiment 1, but the fuel gas bypass path 53 and And a fuel gas bypass switch 73 provided in the fuel gas bypass path 53.
- the upstream end of the fuel gas bypass path 53 is connected to the fuel gas supply path 51, and the downstream end thereof is connected to the fuel gas discharge path 52.
- the fuel gas bypass path 53 is provided with a fuel gas bypass switch 73.
- the fuel gas bypass switch 73 may be in any form as long as it is configured to cut off the flow of fuel gas or the like.
- an open / close valve such as an electromagnetic valve can be used.
- the fuel gas discharge switch 72 is provided on the upstream side of the connection portion of the fuel gas bypass path 53 of the fuel gas discharge path 52.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the second embodiment has the same basic process as the operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. The difference is that step S106C and step S109C are performed instead of step S106 and step S109.
- step S106C the controller 20 closes the fuel gas discharge switch 72 and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75, and opens and closes the fuel gas bypass.
- the vessel 73 is opened.
- the fuel gas generated by the fuel generator 12 flows from the fuel gas supply path 51 through the fuel gas bypass path 53, through the fuel gas discharge path 52, and is supplied to the combustor 12A.
- the fuel gas flow channel 1 when the fuel gas flow channel 1 becomes negative pressure due to the cross leak of the fuel gas, the fuel gas is supplied from the fuel gas supply channel 51. Holds pressure.
- step S106C Since step S106C is performed as described above, in step S109C, the controller 20 closes the fuel gas supply switch 71, the fuel gas bypass switch 73, and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75.
- the fuel gas supply switch 71 and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 are provided.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a configuration in which the fuel gas supply switch 71 and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 are not provided as in the first modification in the first embodiment may be adopted.
- the controller 20 closes the water switch 76, the raw material gas switch 77, and the fuel gas bypass switch 73 in step S109C.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 may adopt a form in which the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 is not provided as in the second modification in the first embodiment.
- the controller 20 closes the fuel gas supply switch 71 and the fuel gas bypass switch 73 in step S109C.
- Modification 1 of the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to Embodiment 2 will be described with reference to FIG. Note that the fuel cell power generation system 100 of Modification 1 has the same configuration as that of the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to Embodiment 2, and thus the description of the configuration is omitted.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 2.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 of Modification 1 has the same basic process as the operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to Embodiment 2 shown in FIG. The difference is that step S106D and step S109D are performed instead of step S109C.
- step S106D the controller 20 closes the fuel gas bypass switch 73 and the oxidant gas supply switch 74 (more precisely, the fuel gas bypass switch 73 is kept closed and is oxidized). Then, the fuel gas supply switch 71, the fuel gas discharge switch 72, and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 are opened (more precisely, the fuel gas supply switch 71, the fuel gas The open state of the discharge switch 72 and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 is maintained). As a result, fuel gas is supplied from the fuel generator 12 to the fuel gas passage 1 of the fuel cell 11 via the fuel gas supply path 51.
- step S109D the controller 20 closes the fuel gas supply switch 71, the fuel gas discharge switch 72, and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 of the first modification configured as described above has the same operational effects as the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the second embodiment.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 of the first modification employs a form in which the fuel gas supply switch 71 and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 are provided
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a configuration in which the fuel gas supply switch 71 and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 are not provided as in the first modification in the first embodiment may be adopted.
- the controller 20 closes the water switch 76, the raw material gas switch 77, and the fuel gas discharge switch 72 in step S109D.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 may employ a configuration in which the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 is not provided as in the second modification in the first embodiment.
- the controller 20 closes the fuel gas discharge switch 72 and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 in step S109D.
- Embodiment 3 The fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention is configured such that the controller stops the supply of the oxidant gas from the oxidant gas supply unit and stops the raw material gas supply unit and the water supply unit. This is an example of the embodiment.
- the fuel generator has a combustor that combusts the combustible gas discharged from the fuel cell, and the controller takes out the electric power extracted from the fuel cell in the stop process.
- the output controller is controlled so as to stop the power supply to the external load after the amount is reduced, and the supply of the oxidant gas from the oxidant gas supply is stopped and the upstream of the oxidant gas flow path After the passage of a predetermined time after the inside of the oxidant gas flow path is replaced by the fuel gas cross-leaked through the electrolyte membrane after the side path is closed by the opening / closing mechanism and the upstream path of the oxidant gas flow path is closed.
- the open / close mechanism causes at least the upstream side of the fuel gas flow path and the fuel gas to flow. It may be configured so as to close the downstream side of the path of the flow path.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention has the same configuration as the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to Embodiment 1, description of the configuration is omitted.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the third embodiment performs steps S101 to S104 of the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 from step S201 to step S204.
- the process after step S205 is different from the operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment.
- step S205 the controller 20 stops the water supply unit 15, the raw material gas supply unit 16, and the oxidant gas supply unit 13, and the water The switch 76 and the source gas switch 77 are closed. Even if the water supply unit 15 and the raw material gas supply unit 16 are stopped, the water switch 76 and the raw material gas switch 77 are closed, and the supply of water and the raw material to the fuel generator 12 is shut off, the fuel is generated. Since the inside of the vessel 12 is kept at a high temperature, the water remaining in the evaporator 12C is vaporized to produce water vapor, and the fuel gas is produced in the fuel generator 12 for a while. For this reason, even if the fuel generator 12 and the oxidant gas supply unit 13 are stopped at the same timing, the consumption of the oxidant gas in the oxidant gas channel 2 and the holding pressure of the fuel gas channel 1 are sufficiently performed. Is possible.
- the controller 20 closes the oxidant gas supply switch 74 (step S206). Thereby, consumption of the oxidant gas in the oxidant gas flow path 2 is performed.
- the controller 20 determines whether or not the combustor 12A has misfired (step S207).
- the determination as to whether or not the combustor 12A has misfired may be made by, for example, detecting the misfire of the combustor 12A using a frame rod provided in the combustor 12A.
- the time when 12A misfires may be calculated by an experiment or the like, and may be determined by elapse of the time.
- Step S207 When the controller 20 determines that the combustor 12A has misfired (Yes in Step S207), the controller 20 closes the fuel gas supply switch 71, the fuel gas discharge switch 72, and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 (Step S207). S208), the program is terminated.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the third embodiment configured as described above has the same effects as the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the process may immediately move from step S204 to step S205, from the viewpoint of replacing the anode 11B with unused hydrogen-rich fuel gas, the fuel gas flow path 1 of the fuel cell 11 is filled with hydrogen-rich fuel. Purge with gas is preferred.
- the determination as to whether or not the inside of the fuel gas channel 1 has been purged is, for example, a method in which the time from when power supply to the external load is stopped until the oxidant gas supply unit 13 is stopped is set in advance. Can be mentioned.
- step S208 when the controller 20 determines that the combustor 12A has misfired, the process proceeds to step S208.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and after a predetermined time has elapsed as in the first embodiment. The process may proceed to step S208.
- the form in which the fuel gas supply switch 71 and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 are provided is adopted, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a configuration in which the fuel gas supply switch 71 and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 are not provided as in the first modification in the first embodiment may be adopted.
- the controller 20 closes the water switch 76, the raw material gas switch 77, and the fuel gas discharge switch 72 in step S208.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 may employ a configuration in which the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 is not provided as in the second modification in the first embodiment.
- the controller 20 closes the fuel gas supply switch 71 and the fuel gas discharge switch 72 in step S208.
- Embodiment 4 The fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention is configured such that the controller stops the supply of the oxidant gas from the oxidant gas supply unit and stops the raw material gas supply unit and the water supply unit. This is an example of the embodiment.
- the fuel generator has a combustor that combusts the combustible gas discharged from the fuel cell, and the controller extracts the electric power that is extracted from the fuel cell in the stop process.
- the output controller is controlled so as to stop the power supply to the external load after the amount is reduced, and the supply of the oxidant gas from the oxidant gas supply is stopped and the upstream of the oxidant gas flow path After the passage of a predetermined time after the inside of the oxidant gas flow path is replaced by the fuel gas cross-leaked through the electrolyte membrane after the side path is closed by the opening / closing mechanism and the upstream path of the oxidant gas flow path is closed.
- the open / close mechanism causes at least the upstream side of the fuel gas flow path and the fuel gas to flow. It may be configured so as to close the downstream side of the path of the flow path.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention has the same configuration as the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to Embodiment 2, and therefore the description of the configuration is omitted.
- the basic process is the same as the operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. The difference is that step S206A and step S208A are performed instead of step S206 and step S208.
- step S206A the oxidant gas supply switch 74 and the fuel gas discharge switch 72 are closed, and the fuel gas bypass switch 73 is opened. Thereby, consumption of the oxidant gas in the oxidant gas flow path 2 is performed.
- the holding pressure in the fuel gas channel 1 becomes necessary due to consumption of the oxidant gas in the oxidant gas channel 2 and the like.
- fuel gas is generated for a while.
- the pressure in the fuel gas channel 1 is maintained due to consumption of the oxidant gas in the oxidant gas channel 2 or the like. It is possible to supply the necessary fuel gas from the fuel gas supply path 51.
- step S207 If the controller 20 determines that the combustor 12A has misfired (Yes in step S207), as in the third embodiment, the fuel gas supply switch 71, the fuel gas bypass switch 73, and the oxidant gas discharge The switch 75 is closed (step S208A), and this program ends.
- the oxidant gas supply switch 74 and the fuel gas discharge switch 72 are closed at step S206A, the fuel gas bypass switch 73 is opened, and the fuel gas supply switch 71 is opened at step S208A.
- the fuel gas bypass switch 73 and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 are closed, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the controller 20 closes the fuel gas bypass switch 73 and the oxidant gas supply switch 74 in step S206A (to be precise, maintains the closed state of the fuel gas bypass switch 73 and switches the oxidant gas supply switch).
- the fuel gas supply switch 71, the fuel gas discharge switch 72, and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 are opened (more precisely, the fuel gas supply switch 71, the fuel gas discharge switch 72, and the oxidation gas).
- the open state of the agent gas discharge switch 75 may be maintained).
- the controller 20 may close the fuel gas supply switch 71, the fuel gas discharge switch 72, and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 in step S208A.
- the process may immediately move from step S204 to step S205.
- the fuel gas flow path of the fuel cell 11 is used. 1 is preferably purged with a hydrogen-rich fuel gas.
- the determination as to whether or not the inside of the fuel gas channel 1 has been purged is, for example, a method in which the time from when power supply to the external load is stopped until the oxidant gas supply unit 13 is stopped is set in advance. Can be mentioned.
- step S208A when the controller 20 determines that the combustor 12A has misfired, the process proceeds to step S208A.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and after a predetermined time has elapsed as in the first embodiment. The process may proceed to step S208A.
- the form in which the fuel gas supply switch 71 and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 are provided is adopted, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a configuration in which the fuel gas supply switch 71 and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 are not provided as in the first modification in the first embodiment may be adopted.
- the controller 20 closes the water switch 76, the raw material gas switch 77, and the fuel gas discharge switch 72 in step S208A.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 may adopt a form in which the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 is not provided as in the second modification in the first embodiment.
- the controller 20 closes the fuel gas supply switch 71 and the fuel gas discharge switch 72 in step S208A.
- the controller closes at least the upstream path of the fuel gas channel and the downstream path of the fuel gas channel by the opening / closing mechanism, and then the fuel generator
- the upstream side of the fuel gas flow path is opened by the opening / closing mechanism, and the raw material gas is supplied from the raw material gas supply device via the fuel generator to the fuel cell fuel.
- the aspect supplied to a gas flow path is illustrated.
- the controller opens the upstream path of the fuel gas flow path by the open / close mechanism against the pressure drop accompanying the temperature drop of the fuel cell, and the raw material You may be comprised so that raw material gas may be supplied to a fuel gas flow path via a fuel generator from a gas supply device.
- the controller when the open / close mechanism is configured to open / close the downstream path of the oxidant gas flow path, the controller reduces the temperature of the fuel cell.
- the open / close mechanism opens the upstream path of the fuel gas channel, supplies the source gas from the source gas supply device to the fuel gas channel via the fuel generator, and oxidizes. You may be comprised so that the path
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart schematically showing an operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention is the same as that of the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to Embodiment 1, description of the configuration is omitted.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the fifth embodiment has the same basic process as the operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the fuel generator 12 and the fuel cell 11 are configured to perform pressure holding processing.
- the controller 20 executes each step up to step S109 in the same manner as the operation stop process of the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment.
- step S109 the temperature in the fuel generator 12 (more precisely, the reformer 12B) is lowered to a temperature at which carbon derived from the raw material gas does not precipitate on the surface of the reforming catalyst of the reformer 12B.
- step S110 the fuel gas supply switch 71, the oxidant gas discharge switch 75, and the source gas switch 77 are opened, and the source gas supplier 16 is operated (step S111).
- the raw material gas flows from the raw material gas supply device 16 through the raw material gas supply path 57 and is supplied to the fuel generator 12, and the fuel generator 12 is maintained at a pressure.
- the raw material gas supplied into the fuel generator 12 further flows through the fuel gas supply path 51 and is supplied into the fuel gas flow path 1 of the fuel cell 11, and the fuel gas flow path 1 is maintained at pressure.
- the off-oxidant gas present in the oxidant gas discharge path 55 is supplied to the oxidant gas flow path 2 of the fuel cell 11 to hold the pressure of the oxidant gas flow path 2.
- the temperature at which the carbon derived from the raw material gas does not precipitate on the surface of the reforming catalyst of the reformer 12B is, for example, 450 ° C. or lower when the reforming catalyst of the reformer 12B uses a Ru-based catalyst.
- the temperature is preferably 300 ° C. or lower.
- the determination as to whether or not the temperature has become lower than the temperature may be made by detecting the temperature in the reformer 12B with a temperature detector. It may be performed by obtaining a time during which the temperature within 12B is equal to or lower than the temperature, and passing the time.
- the controller 20 closes the fuel gas supply switch 71, the oxidant gas discharge switch 75, and the source gas switch 77, and stops the source gas supplier 16 (step S112).
- the time for opening the fuel gas supply switch 71, the oxidant gas discharge switch 75, and the raw material gas switch 77 and operating the raw material gas switch 16 is the size of the fuel generator 12, the anode space volume, It is set as appropriate depending on the cathode space volume.
- Step S114 the controller 20 causes the internal pressure of the fuel cell 11 and / or the fuel generator 12 to become negative due to a change in the outside air temperature, a change in the outside air pressure, a change in the fuel cell internal pressure, a preprogrammed cycle, or the like. If necessary (Yes in Step S114), Step S111 and Step S112 are performed, and the fuel cell 11 and / or the fuel generator 12 are held. Controller 20 repeats steps S111 to S113 until the next operation start command is input from remote controller 21.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the fifth embodiment configured as described above has the same effects as the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment. Further, in the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to Embodiment 5, the inside of the fuel generator 12 can be held while suppressing the deterioration of the reforming catalyst of the reformer 12B.
- the holding pressure of the oxidant gas flow path 2 is that the gas to be held is air, and the pressure reduction speed becomes considerably small after several pressure holding operations. Since unnecessary oxygen may be taken in and durability may be reduced, it is preferable that only holding of the oxidant gas flow path 2 is stopped after three to five hours have elapsed since the stop, that is, the oxidant gas discharge is opened and closed. The device 75 may not be opened.
- a mode in which the fuel gas supply switch 71 and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 are provided is adopted, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the controller 20 executes step S109A instead of step S109 (see FIG. 4).
- step S111 the source gas switch 77 is opened and the source gas supply unit 16 is operated.
- step S112 the controller 20 closes the source gas switch 77 and stops the source gas supply unit 16.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 may adopt a form in which the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 is not provided as in the second modification in the first embodiment.
- the controller 20 executes step S109B instead of step S109 (see FIG. 6).
- step S111 the source gas switch 77 and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75 are opened, and the source gas supplier 16 is activated.
- step S112 the controller 20 closes the source gas switch 77 and the oxidant gas discharge switch 75, and stops the source gas supply unit 16.
- the fuel cell power generation system and the fuel cell power generation system operation stop method of the present invention can reduce costs, reduce energy loss, and improve durability, Useful in the field.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の実施の形態1に係る燃料電池発電システムは、電解質膜と、アノードと、カソードと、アノードに燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガス流路と、カソードに酸化剤ガスを供給する酸化剤ガス流路と、を有し、アノードに供給される燃料ガスと、カソードに供給される酸化剤ガスとを反応させて発電する燃料電池と、原料ガス供給器から供給された原料ガスと水供給器から供給された水とを改質反応させて燃料ガスを生成し、該燃料ガスを燃料ガス供給経路を介して燃料電池の燃料ガス流路に供給する燃料生成器と、酸化剤ガスを酸化剤ガス供給経路を介して燃料電池の酸化剤ガス流路に供給する酸化剤ガス供給器と、燃料電池の燃料ガス流路から排出された未利用の燃料ガスが通流する燃料ガス排出経路と、燃料電池の酸化剤ガス流路から排出された未利用の酸化剤ガスが通流する酸化剤ガス排出経路と、燃料電池から電力を取り出して外部負荷に供給する出力制御器と、燃料ガス流路の上流側の経路、燃料ガス流路の下流側の経路、及び酸化剤ガス流路の上流側の経路のそれぞれの経路を開閉するように構成された開閉機構と、制御器と、を備え、制御器は、停止処理において、燃料電池から取り出す電力量を低下させて、その後、外部負荷への電力供給を停止するように出力制御器を制御し、酸化剤ガス供給器からの酸化剤ガスの供給を停止させるとともに、酸化剤ガス流路の上流側の経路を開閉機構によって閉止し、酸化剤ガス流路の上流側の経路を閉止後、電解質膜を通じてクロスリークした燃料ガスで酸化剤ガス流路内が置換される所定の時間経過後に、原料ガス供給器及び水供給器を停止させ、その後、開閉機構により、燃料ガス流路の上流側の経路及び燃料ガス流路の下流側の経路を閉止するように構成されている態様を例示するものである。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る燃料電池発電システムの概略構成を示す模式図である。
次に、本実施の形態1に係る燃料電池発電システム100の動作について、図2を参照しながら説明する。なお、ここでは、燃料電池発電システム100の停止処理について説明し、本実施の形態1に係る燃料電池発電システム100の発電動作については、一般的な燃料電池発電システム100発電動作と同様に行われるため、その説明は省略する。
A:燃料ガス供給開閉器と燃料ガス排出開閉器とで密閉される空間容積[L]
FRa:燃料電池11から取り出す電力量を自立運転可能電力量と設定した場合の燃料生成器12で生成される燃料ガス流量[L/s]
なお、出力制御器14は、外部負荷への電力供給を停止すると共に、燃料電池発電システム100を構成する補機に燃料電池11が発電した直流電力の供給を停止してもよい。また、燃料電池11を構成するセルの平均電圧が所定の値になるまで、補機に直流電力を供給するように構成されていてもよい。ここで、燃料電池発電システム100を構成する補機は、直流電力で作動する機器である。補機としては、例えば、燃焼空気供給器17や酸化剤ガス供給器13や図示されない貯湯タンクに貯えられる水を加熱する電気ヒータ等が挙げられる。このように構成すれば、より低コスト化が図れる。また、所定の値は、例えば、燃料電池11で発電した電力をDC/DCコンバータ経由で補機の駆動に利用する場合、DC/DCコンバータが安定動作可能な入力電圧下限値が11Vとすると20セル積層の燃料電池11の場合、11V/20セル=0.55V/セルとなる。すなわち、所定の値は、使用するDC/DCコンバータの安定動作可能な入力電圧下限値を燃料電池11のセルの積層数で除した値となる。
次に、本実施の形態1に係る燃料電池発電システム100の変形例について、説明する。
図3は、本実施の形態1における変形例1の燃料電池発電システムの概略構成を示す模式図である。
図4は、本実施の形態1における変形例1の燃料電池発電システムの運転停止処理を模式的に示すフローチャートである。
本実施の形態1における変形例2の燃料電池発電システムは、原料ガス供給器から燃料生成器に原料ガスを供給する原料ガス供給経路と、原料ガス供給経路を開閉する原料ガス開閉器と、水供給器から燃料生成器に水を供給する水供給経路と、水供給経路を開閉する水開閉器と、燃料ガス排出経路を開閉する燃料ガス排出開閉器と、酸化剤ガス供給経路を開閉する酸化剤ガス供給開閉器と、酸化剤ガス排出経路を閉止する酸化剤ガス排出開閉器と、を備え、開閉機構が、原料ガス開閉器、水開閉器、燃料ガス排出開閉器、酸化剤ガス供給開閉器、及び酸化剤ガス排出開閉器から構成されている態様を例示するものである。
図5は、本実施の形態1における変形例2の燃料電池発電システムの概略構成を示す模式図である。
図6は、本実施の形態1における変形例2の燃料電池発電システムの運転停止処理を模式的に示すフローチャートである。
本発明の実施の形態2に係る燃料電池発電システムは、燃料ガス供給経路と燃料ガス排出経路とを接続し、燃料ガスがバイパスする燃料ガスバイパス経路を備え、開閉機構は、燃料ガス流路の上流側の経路、燃料ガス流路の下流側、かつ、燃料ガスバイパス経路の接続部分よりも上流側の経路、酸化剤ガス流路の上流側の経路、及び燃料ガスバイパス経路のそれぞれの経路を開閉するように構成され、制御器は、停止処理において、燃料電池から取り出す電力量を低下させて、その後、外部負荷への電力供給を停止するように出力制御器を制御し、酸化剤ガス供給器からの酸化剤ガスの供給を停止させるとともに、開閉機構により、酸化剤ガス流路の上流側の経路を閉止し、燃料ガスバイパス経路を開放し、及び燃料ガス流路の下流側、かつ、燃料ガスバイパス経路の接続部分よりも上流側の経路を閉止し、その後、電解質膜を通じてクロスリークした燃料ガスで酸化剤ガス流路内が置換される所定の時間経過後に、原料ガス供給器及び水供給器を停止させ、その後、開閉機構により、少なくとも燃料ガス流路の上流側の経路及び燃料ガスバイパス経路を閉止するように構成されている態様を例示するものである。
図7は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る燃料電池発電システムの概略構成を示す模式図である。
図8は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る燃料電池発電システムの運転停止処理を模式的に示すフローチャートである。
次に、本実施の形態2に係る燃料電池発電システム100の変形例1について、図9を参照しながら説明する。なお、変形例1の燃料電池発電システム100は、実施の形態2に係る燃料電池発電システム100と構成は同じであるため、その構成の説明は省略する。
本発明の実施の形態3に係る燃料電池発電システムは、制御器が、酸化剤ガス供給器からの酸化剤ガスの供給を停止させるとともに、原料ガス供給器及び水供給器を停止させるように構成されている態様を例示するものである。
本発明の実施の形態4に係る燃料電池発電システムは、制御器が、酸化剤ガス供給器からの酸化剤ガスの供給を停止させるとともに、原料ガス供給器及び水供給器を停止させるように構成されている態様を例示するものである。
図11に示すように、本実施の形態4に係る燃料電池発電システム100では、図10に示す実施の形態3に係る燃料電池発電システム100の運転停止処理と基本的処理は同じであるが、ステップS206とステップS208に代えて、ステップS206AとステップS208Aが行われる点が異なる。
本発明の実施の形態5に係る燃料電池発電システムは、制御器が、開閉機構により、少なくとも燃料ガス流路の上流側の経路及び燃料ガス流路の下流側の経路を閉止後、燃料生成器内が原料ガスから炭素析出が生じる温度以下になると、開閉機構により、燃料ガス流路の上流側の経路を開放し、原料ガス供給器から原料ガスを燃料生成器を介して、燃料電池の燃料ガス流路に供給する態様を例示するものである。
2 酸化剤ガス流路
11 燃料電池
11A 電解質膜
11B アノード
11C カソード
12 燃料生成器
12A 燃焼器
12B 改質器
12C 蒸発器
13 酸化剤ガス供給器
14 出力制御器
15 水供給器
16 原料ガス供給器
17 燃焼空気供給器
20 制御器
21 リモコン
21A 表示部
21B 操作部
41 配線
51 燃料ガス供給経路
52 燃料ガス排出経路
53 燃料ガスバイパス経路
54 酸化剤ガス供給経路
55 酸化剤ガス排出経路
56 水供給経路
57 原料ガス供給経路
58 燃焼空気供給経路
71 燃料ガス供給開閉器
72 燃料ガス排出開閉器
73 燃料ガスバイパス開閉器
74 酸化剤ガス供給開閉器
75 酸化剤ガス排出開閉器
76 水開閉器
77 原料ガス開閉器
100 燃料電池発電システム
Claims (17)
- 電解質膜と、アノードと、カソードと、前記アノードに燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガス流路と、前記カソードに酸化剤ガスを供給する酸化剤ガス流路と、を有し、前記アノードに供給される前記燃料ガスと、前記カソードに供給される前記酸化剤ガスとを反応させて発電する燃料電池と、
原料ガス供給器から供給された原料ガスと水供給器から供給された水とを改質反応させて前記燃料ガスを生成し、該燃料ガスを燃料ガス供給経路を介して前記燃料電池の前記燃料ガス流路に供給する燃料生成器と、
前記酸化剤ガスを酸化剤ガス供給経路を介して前記燃料電池の前記酸化剤ガス流路に供給する酸化剤ガス供給器と、
前記燃料電池の前記燃料ガス流路から排出された未利用の燃料ガスが通流する燃料ガス排出経路と、
前記燃料電池の前記酸化剤ガス流路から排出された未利用の酸化剤ガスが通流する酸化剤ガス排出経路と、
前記燃料電池から電力を取り出して外部負荷に供給する出力制御器と、
前記燃料ガス流路の上流側の経路、前記燃料ガス流路の下流側の経路、及び前記酸化剤ガス流路の上流側の経路のそれぞれの経路を開閉するように構成された開閉機構と、
制御器と、を備え、
前記制御器は、停止処理において、
前記燃料電池から取り出す電力量を低下させて、その後、前記外部負荷への電力供給を停止するように前記出力制御器を制御し、
前記酸化剤ガス供給器からの前記酸化剤ガスの供給を停止させるとともに、前記酸化剤ガス流路の上流側の経路を前記開閉機構によって閉止し、
前記酸化剤ガス流路の上流側の経路を閉止後、前記電解質膜を通じてクロスリークした燃料ガスで前記酸化剤ガス流路内の酸化剤ガスが消費される所定の時間経過後に、前記原料ガス供給器及び前記水供給器を停止させ、
その後、前記開閉機構により、前記燃料ガス流路の上流側の経路及び前記燃料ガス流路の下流側の経路を閉止するように構成されている、燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記原料ガス供給器から前記燃料生成器に前記原料ガスを供給する原料ガス供給経路と、
前記原料ガス供給経路を開閉する原料ガス開閉器と、
前記水供給器から前記燃料生成器に前記水を供給する水供給経路と、
前記水供給経路を開閉する水開閉器と、
前記燃料ガス排出経路を開閉する燃料ガス排出開閉器と、
前記酸化剤ガス供給経路を開閉する酸化剤ガス供給開閉器と、を備え、
前記開閉機構は、前記原料ガス開閉器、前記水開閉器、前記燃料ガス排出開閉器、及び前記酸化剤ガス供給開閉器から構成されている、請求項1に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記開閉機構は、前記酸化剤ガス流路の下流側の経路も開閉するように構成され、
前記制御器は、停止処理において、
前記燃料電池から取り出す電力量を低下させて、その後、前記外部負荷への電力供給を停止するように前記出力制御器を制御し、
前記酸化剤ガス供給器からの前記酸化剤ガスの供給を停止させるとともに、前記酸化剤ガス流路の上流側の経路を前記開閉機構によって閉止し、
前記酸化剤ガス流路の上流側の経路を閉止後、前記電解質膜を通じてクロスリークした燃料ガスで前記酸化剤ガス流路内の酸化剤ガスが消費される所定の時間経過後に、前記原料ガス供給器及び前記水供給器を停止させ、
その後、前記開閉機構により、前記燃料ガス流路の上流側の経路、前記燃料ガス流路の下流側の経路、及び前記酸化剤ガス流路の下流側の経路を閉止するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記原料ガス供給器から前記燃料生成器に前記原料ガスを供給する原料ガス供給経路と、
前記原料ガス供給経路を開閉する原料ガス開閉器と、
前記水供給器から前記燃料生成器に前記水を供給する水供給経路と、
前記水供給経路を開閉する水開閉器と、
前記燃料ガス排出経路を開閉する燃料ガス排出開閉器と、
前記酸化剤ガス供給経路を開閉する酸化剤ガス供給開閉器と、
前記酸化剤ガス排出経路を閉止する酸化剤ガス排出開閉器と、を備え、
前記開閉機構は、前記原料ガス開閉器、前記水開閉器、前記燃料ガス排出開閉器、前記酸化剤ガス供給開閉器、及び前記酸化剤ガス排出開閉器から構成されている、請求項3に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記燃料ガス供給経路を開閉する燃料ガス供給開閉器と、
前記燃料ガス排出経路を開閉する燃料ガス排出開閉器と、
前記酸化剤ガス供給経路を開閉する酸化剤ガス供給開閉器と、
前記酸化剤ガス排出経路を開閉する酸化剤ガス排出開閉器と、を備え、
前記開閉機構は、前記燃料ガス供給開閉器、前記燃料ガス排出開閉器、前記酸化剤ガス供給開閉器、及び前記酸化剤ガス排出開閉器から構成されている、請求項1に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記燃料生成器は、前記燃料電池から排出された可燃ガスを燃焼する燃焼器を有し、
前記燃料ガス排出経路は、前記燃料ガス流路と前記燃焼器を接続するように構成されている、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記制御器は、前記酸化剤ガス供給器からの前記酸化剤ガスの供給を停止させるとともに、前記原料ガス供給器及び前記水供給器を停止させるように構成されている、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の燃料電池発電システム。
- 前記外部負荷への電力供給を停止してから前記酸化剤ガスの供給停止までの時間が以下の(式1)で示される時間Tである、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の燃料電池発電システム。
(式1)3×A/FRa≦T≦5×A/FRa
A:燃料ガス供給開閉器と燃料ガス排出開閉器とで密閉される空間容積[L]
FRa:燃料電池から取り出す電力量を自立運転可能電力量と設定した場合の燃料生成器で生成される燃料ガス流量[L/s] - 前記制御器は、前記燃料電池から取り出す電力量を前記燃料電池が発電していた電力量より小さく、かつ、自立運転可能電力量以上の範囲の電力量に低下させるように構成されている、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の燃料電池発電システム。
- 前記燃料生成器は、前記燃料電池から排出された可燃ガスを燃焼する燃焼器を有し、
前記制御器は、停止処理において、
前記燃料電池から取り出す電力量を低下させて、その後、前記外部負荷への電力供給を停止するように前記出力制御器を制御し、
前記酸化剤ガス供給器からの前記酸化剤ガスの供給を停止させるとともに、前記酸化剤ガス流路の上流側の経路を前記開閉機構によって閉止し、
前記酸化剤ガス流路の上流側の経路を閉止後、前記電解質膜を通じてクロスリークした燃料ガスで前記酸化剤ガス流路内の酸化剤ガスが消費される所定の時間経過後に、前記原料ガス供給器及び前記水供給器を停止させ、前記燃焼器で前記燃料電池から排出された可燃ガスを燃焼させ、
前記燃焼器が失火すると、前記開閉機構により、少なくとも前記燃料ガス流路の上流側の経路及び前記燃料ガス流路の下流側の経路を閉止するように構成されている、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記燃料ガス供給経路と前記燃料ガス排出経路とを接続し、前記燃料ガスがバイパスする燃料ガスバイパス経路を備え、
前記開閉機構は、前記燃料ガス流路の上流側の経路、前記燃料ガス流路の下流側、かつ、前記燃料ガスバイパス経路の接続部分よりも上流側の経路、前記酸化剤ガス流路の上流側の経路、及び前記燃料ガスバイパス経路のそれぞれの経路を開閉するように構成され、
前記制御器は、停止処理において、
前記燃料電池から取り出す電力量を低下させて、その後、前記外部負荷への電力供給を停止するように前記出力制御器を制御し、
前記酸化剤ガス供給器からの前記酸化剤ガスの供給を停止させるとともに、前記開閉機構により、前記酸化剤ガス流路の上流側の経路を閉止し、前記燃料ガスバイパス経路を開放し、及び前記燃料ガス流路の下流側、かつ、前記燃料ガスバイパス経路の接続部分よりも上流側の経路を閉止し、
その後、前記電解質膜を通じてクロスリークした燃料ガスで前記酸化剤ガス流路内の酸化剤ガスが消費される所定の時間経過後に、前記原料ガス供給器及び前記水供給器を停止させ、
その後、前記開閉機構により、少なくとも前記燃料ガス流路の上流側の経路及び前記燃料ガスバイパス経路を閉止するように構成されている、請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記制御器は、
前記開閉機構により、少なくとも前記燃料ガス流路の上流側の経路及び前記燃料ガス流路の下流側の経路を閉止後、
前記燃料生成器内が前記原料ガスから炭素析出が生じる温度以下になると、前記開閉機構により、前記燃料ガス流路の上流側の経路を開放し、前記原料ガス供給器から前記原料ガスを前記燃料生成器を介して、前記燃料電池の前記燃料ガス流路に供給する、請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記制御器は、前記燃料電池の温度低下に伴う圧力低下に対して、前記開閉機構により、前記燃料ガス流路の上流側の経路を開放し、前記原料ガス供給器から前記原料ガスを前記燃料生成器を介して、前記燃料ガス流路に供給するように構成されている、請求項12に記載の燃料電池発電システム。
- 前記開閉機構が、前記酸化剤ガス流路の下流側の経路も開閉するように構成されている場合、
前記制御器は、前記燃料電池の温度低下に伴う圧力低下に対して、前記開閉機構により、前記燃料ガス流路の上流側の経路を開放し、前記原料ガス供給器から前記原料ガスを前記燃料生成器を介して、前記燃料ガス流路に供給し、かつ、前記酸化剤ガス流路の下流側の経路を開放するように構成されている、請求項12に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記燃料電池発電システムの停止処理において、前記燃料電池発電システムを構成する補機は、前記燃料電池が発電した直流電力で作動する、請求項1~14のいずれかに記載の燃料電池発電システム。
- 電解質膜と、アノードと、カソードと、前記アノードに燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガス流路と、前記カソードに酸化剤ガスを供給する酸化剤ガス流路と、を有し、前記アノードに供給される前記燃料ガスと、前記カソードに供給される前記酸化剤ガスとを反応させて発電する燃料電池を備える燃料電池発電システムの運転停止方法であって、
出力制御器が、前記燃料電池から取り出す電力量を低下して、その後、外部負荷への電力供給を停止するステップ(A)と、
酸化剤ガス供給器が前記酸化剤ガスの供給を停止するとともに、前記酸化剤ガス流路の上流側の経路を前記開閉機構が閉止するステップ(B)と、
前記酸化剤ガス流路の上流側の経路を閉止後、前記電解質膜を通じてクロスリークした燃料ガスで前記酸化剤ガス流路内の酸化剤ガスが消費される所定の時間経過後に、原料ガス供給器及び水供給器が停止するステップ(C)と、
前記ステップ(C)後、前記開閉機構が前記燃料ガス流路の上流側の経路及び前記燃料ガス流路の下流側の経路を閉止するステップ(D)と、を備える、燃料電池発電システムの運転停止方法。 - 前記ステップ(B)は、前記酸化剤ガス供給器が前記酸化剤ガスの供給を停止するとともに、前記原料ガス供給器及び前記水供給器が停止する、請求項16に記載の燃料電池発電システムの運転停止方法。
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