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  • A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
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  • C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
  • C07D235/24—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 2
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  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
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  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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  • C07D513/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D513/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• the present invention provides substituted fused imidazole derivatives that may be useful for control of an inflammatory response.
• the invention provides compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of use thereof for controlling the activity or the amount, or both the activity and the amount, of heme-oxygenase in a mammalian subject.
• ROS reactive oxygen species
• diabetes and diabetic related complications such as glomerular nephropathy
• cerebral nerve degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and multiple sclerosis
• asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, skin diseases, eye diseases, and cancer.
• Enhancing the capability of protecting from oxidative stress may be useful in one or more of preventing these diseases, delaying their progress, or delaying their onset. Further, with the varied etiology associated with this diverse set of diseases, a general strategy to mitigate oxidative stress would be beneficial.
• ROS reactive oxygen species
• hydroxyl anions hydroxyl anions
• nitric oxide nitric oxide
• peroxynitrite peroxide
• hydrogen peroxide All of these products serve critical cellular signaling needs, but also have deleterious effects if overproduced or left unchecked.
• Many disease conditions induce persistent levels of ROS that are associated with the establishment of chronic pathophysiologic changes seen within a variety of tissues. These complications, in and of themselves, may be the primary drivers of disease morbidity and mortality.
• phase II system encodes enzymes that degrade ROS directly (e.g., superoxide dismutase and catalase) as well as increase levels of a cell's endogenous antioxidant molecules, including glutathione and bilirubin.
• phase II enzymes examples include glutathione S- transferase (GST), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQ01 ), glutamyl-cysteinyl ligase (GCL), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1 ), and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1 ).
• GST glutathione S- transferase
• NQ01 glutathione S- transferase
• NQ01 glutamyl-cysteinyl ligase
• HMOX1 heme oxygenase 1
• TXNRD1 thioredoxin reductase 1
• ARE antioxidant responsive element
• Nrf2 transcription factor Nrf2 (NF-E2 related factor 2).
• HMOX1 has been found to be a key component.
• the role of HMOX1 is to metabolize heme into bilirubin, carbon monoxide, and free iron, as a first step of a two-step process to catabolize heme.
• the first, and rate-limiting reaction is the production of biliverdin and carbon monoxide from heme by HMOX1.
• the second step is the production of bilirubin from biliverdin by biliverdin reductase.
• Both bilirubin and carbon monoxide have been shown to scavenge ROS and to have potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
• Agents that induce production of HMOX1 have been shown to have beneficial activity in models of diabetes,
• cardiovascular disease cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and pulmonary function.
• HMOX1 is found in the liver, kidneys, spleen, and skin, of humans and has also been localized to specific cell types, notably fibroblasts and macrophages. HMOX1 exists in at least three isoforms, one constitutive and the other two inducible. Heme, heavy metal ions (e.g., tin, gold, platinum, and mercury), transition metal ions (e.g., iron, cobalt, chromium, and nickel), and electrophiles (e.g., natural products such as sulforaphane and curcumin) can all induce production of HMOX1.
• heavy metal ions e.g., tin, gold, platinum, and mercury
• transition metal ions e.g., iron, cobalt, chromium, and nickel
• electrophiles e.g., natural products such as sulforaphane and curcumin
• HMOX1 and other phase II genes are controlled by a number of transcription factors that are responsive to heavy metals, heme, and electrophiles.
• the transcription factors Nrf2, Bachl , and Maf are particularly important in this process.
• cofactors and regulatory molecules that are important in regulating Phase II gene induction. These include Keapl , an adapter molecule targeting Nrf2 for ubiquitination, and two mitochondrial proteins, DJ-1 and frataxin (FXN) that serve to augment Nrf2 activation in the presence of electrophiles.
• HMOX1 is also induced as part of a generalized stress response to stimuli such as thermal shock, oxidative stress and cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1 ), tumor necrosis factor and IL-6.
• stimuli such as thermal shock, oxidative stress and cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1 ), tumor necrosis factor and IL-6.
• IL-1 interleukin-1
• IL-6 tumor necrosis factor
• the stress response is seen as beneficial in that it results in protection of vulnerable cell enzymes from inactivation.
• the invention provides substituted fused imidazole derivatives of Formula (I):
• the invention provides pharmaceutical compositions which may reduce oxidative stress and/or inflammation.
• the present invention provides methods for the preparation of compounds of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• the invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the present invention provides methods of treatment comprising: administering to a subject a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compounds of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are useful as agents that induce the production of and/or increase the activity of HMOX1 , and thus may be useful to treat various chronic diseases that are associated, at least in part, with oxidative stress including, but not limited to: cardiovascular disease including arteriosclerosis and hypertension; diabetes and diabetic related complications such as glomerular nephropathy; cerebral nerve degenerative diseases such as Alzheimers disease, Parkinson's disease, ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and multiple sclerosis; asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; skin diseases; eye diseases including macular degeneration, cataracts, light retinopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity; and cancer.
• cardiovascular disease including arteriosclerosis and hypertension
• diabetes and diabetic related complications such as glomerular nephropathy
• cerebral nerve degenerative diseases such as Alzheimers disease, Parkinson's disease, ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and multiple sclerosis
• asthma chronic obstructive
• alkyl refers to a straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon having one to ten carbon atoms, which may be optionally substituted, as herein further described, with multiple degrees of substitution being allowed.
• alkyl as used herein include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, and 2-ethylhexyl.
• C x-y alkyl refers to an alkyl group, as herein defined, containing from x to y, inclusive, carbon atoms.
• C 1-6 alkyl represents an alkyl chain having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and, for example, includes, but is not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, and n-hexyl.
• alkylene refers to a straight or branched chain divalent saturated hydrocarbon radical having from one to ten carbon atoms, which may be optionally substituted as herein further described, with multiple degrees of substitution being allowed.
• alkylene as used herein include, but are not limited to, methylene, ethylene, n-propylene, 1-methylethylene, 2-methylethylene,
• C x-y alkylene refers to an alkylene group, as herein defined, containing from x to y, inclusive, carbon atoms. Similar terminology will apply for other terms and ranges as well.
• C-i-4 alkylene represents an alkylene chain having from 1 to 4 carbons atoms, and, for example, includes, but is not limited to, methylene, ethylene, n-propylene, 1- methylethylene, 2-methylethylene, dimethylmethylene, n-butylene, 1-methyl-n- propylene, and 2-methyl-n-propylene.
• cycloalkyl refers to a saturated, three- to ten- membered, cyclic hydrocarbon ring, which may be optionally substituted as herein further described, with multiple degrees of substitution being allowed. Such “cycloalkyl” groups are monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic. Examples of “cycloalkyl” groups as used herein include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, norbornyl, and adamantyl.
• C x-y cycloalkyl refers to a cycloalkyl group, as herein defined, containing from x to y, inclusive, carbon atoms. Similar terminology will apply for other terms and ranges as well.
• C 3-10 cycloalkyl represents a cycloalkyl group having from 3 to 10 carbons as described above, and for example, includes, but is not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, norbornyl, and adamantyl.
• heterocycle refers to an optionally substituted mono- or polycyclic saturated ring system containing one or more heteroatoms.
• Such “hetercycle” or “heterocyclyl” groups may be optionally substituted as herein further described, with multiple degrees of substitution being allowed.
• the term “heterocycle” or “heterocyclyl,” as used herein, does not include ring systems that contain one or more aromatic rings. Examples of heteroatoms include nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur atoms, including N-oxides, sulfur oxides, and sulfur dioxides. Typically, the ring is three- to twelve-membered. Such rings may be optionally fused to one or more of another heterocyclic ring(s) or cycloalkyl ring(s). Examples of “heterocyclic” groups, as used herein include, but are not limited to,
• morpholine refers to morpholin-2-yl, morpholin-3-yl, and morpholin-4-yl.
• heterocycle or “heterocyclyl”
• the “heterocycle” or “heterocyclyl” group can attach through either a carbon atom or any heteroatom, to the extent that attachment at that point is chemically feasible.
• heterocyclyl would include pyrrolidin-1 -yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, and pyrrolidin-3-yl.
• heterocycle or “heterocyclyl” groups contain a nitrogen atom in the ring, attachment through the nitrogen atom can alternatively be indicated by using an "-ino" suffix with the ring name.
• pyrrolidino refers to pyrrolidin-1 -yl.
• halogen refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
• an oxo substituent occurs on an otherwise saturated group, such as with an oxo-substituted cycloalkyl group (e.g., 3-oxo-cyclobutyl), the substituted group is still intended to be a saturated group.
• haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, that is substituted with at least one halogen. Examples of branched or straight chained
• haloalkyl groups as used herein include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, and t-butyl substituted independently with one or more halogens, for example, fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.
• haloalkyl should be interpreted to include groups such as -CF 3 , -CH 2 -CF 3 , and -CF 2 CI.
• aryl refers to a six- to ten-membered cyclic, aromatic hydrocarbon, which may be optionally substituted as herein further described, with multiple degrees of substitution being allowed.
• aryl groups as used herein include, but are not limited to, phenyl and naphthyl.
• aryl also includes ring systems in which a phenyl or naphthyl group is optionally fused with one to three non- aromatic, saturated or unsaturated, carbocyclic rings.
• “aryl” would include ring systems such as indene, with attachment possible to either the aromatic or the non- aromatic ring(s).
• heteroaryl refers to a five- to fourteen-membered optionally substituted mono- or polycyclic ring system, which contains at least one aromatic ring and also contains one or more heteroatoms. Such “heteroaryl” groups may be optionally substituted as herein further described, with multiple degrees of substitution being allowed. I n a polycyclic "heteroaryl” group that contains at least one aromatic ring and at least one non-aromatic ring, the aromatic ring(s) need not contain a heteroatom. Thus, for example, “heteroaryl,” as used herein, would include indolinyl.
• the point of attachment may be to any ring within the ring system without regard to whether the ring containing the attachment point is aromatic or contains a heteroatom.
• heteroaryl as used herein, would include indolin-1 -yl, indolin-3-yl, and indolin-5-yl.
• heteroatoms include nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur atoms, including N-oxides, sulfur oxides, and sulfur dioxides, where feasible.
• heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, furyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1 ,2,4-triazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, pteridinyl, and phenazinyl, where attachment can occur at any point on said rings, as long as attachment is chemically feasible.
• thiazolyl refers to thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, and thiaz-5-yl.
• heteroaryl As used herein, when “heteroaryl” is recited as a possible substituent, the “heteroaryl” group can attach through either a carbon atom or any heteroatom, to the extent that attachment at that point is chemically feasible.
• heterocyclylene refers to an optionally substituted bivalent heterocyclyl group (as defined above).
• the points of attachment may be to the same ring atom or to different ring atoms, as long as attachment is chemically feasible.
• the two points of attachment can each independently be to either a carbon atom or a heteroatom, as long as attachment is chemically fe mples
• heteroarylene refers to an optionally substituted bivalent heteroaryl group (as defined above).
• the points of attachment may be to the same ring atom or to different ring atoms, as long as attachment is chemically feasible.
• the two points of attachment can each independently be to either a carbon atom or a heteroatom, as long as attachment is chemically feasible. Examples
• substituted refers to substitution of one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety with the named substituent or substituents, multiple degrees of substitution being allowed unless otherwise stated, provided that the substitution results in a stable or chemically feasible compound.
• a stable compound or chemically feasible compound is one in which the chemical structure is not substantially altered when kept at a temperature from about -80 ° C to about +40 ° C, in the absence of moisture or other chemically reactive conditions, for at least a week, or a compound which maintains its integrity long enough to be useful for therapeutic or prophylactic administration to a patient.
• the phrases "substituted with one or more" or “substituted one or more times" refer to a number of substituents that equals from one to the maximum number of substituents possible based on the number of available bonding sites, provided that the above conditions of stability and chemical feasibility are met.
• the various functional groups represented will be understood to have a point of attachment at the functional group having the hyphen or dash (-) or an asterisk ( * ).
• the point of attachment is the CH 2 group at the far left. If a group is recited without an asterisk or a dash, then the attachment point is indicated by the plain and ordinary meaning of the recited group.
• any variable occurs more than one time in any one constituent (e.g., R d ), or multiple constituents, its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition on every other occurrence.
• multi-atom bivalent species are to be read from left to right.
• D is defined as -OC(O)-
• the resulting group with D replaced is: A-OC(O)-E and not A-C(O)0-E.
• the term "optionally” means that the subsequently described event(s) may or may not occur.
• administer means to introduce, such as to introduce to a subject a compound or composition.
• the term is not limited to any specific mode of delivery, and can include, for example, intravenous delivery, transdermal delivery, oral delivery, nasal delivery, and rectal delivery.
• the administering can be carried out by various individuals, including, for example, a health-care professional (e.g., physician, nurse, etc.), a pharmacist, or the subject (i.e., self-administration).
• treat or “treating” or “treatment” can refer to one or more of delaying the progress of a disease or condition, controlling a disease or condition, delaying the onset of a disease or condition, ameliorating one or more symptoms characteristic of a disease or condition, or delaying the recurrence of a disease or condition or characteristic symptoms thereof, depending on the nature of a disease or condition and its characteristic symptoms.
• subject refers to any mammal such as, but not limited to, humans. In one embodiment, the subject is a human. In another embodiment, the subject is a human who exhibits one or more symptoms characteristic of a disease or condition. The term “subject” does not require one to have any particular status with respect to any hospital, clinic, or research facility (e.g., as an admitted patient, a study participant, or the like).
• the term “compound” includes free acids, free bases, and any salts thereof.
• phrases such as “compound of embodiment 1 " or “compound of claim 1 " refer to any free acids, free bases, and any salts thereof that are encompassed by embodiment 1 or claim 1 , respectively.
• the term "pharmaceutical composition” is used to denote a composition that may be administerted to a mammalian host, e.g., orally, topically, parenterally, by inhalation spray, or rectally, in unit dosage formulations containing conventional non-toxic carriers, diluents, adjuvants, vehicles, and the like.
• parenteral includes subcutaneous injections
• substituted fused imidazole derivatives refers to compounds encompassed by Formula (I), described below.
• aspects of the present invention include substituted fused imidazole derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions comprising substituted fused imidazole derivatives, method of making substituted fused imidazole derivatives, methods of making pharmaceutical compositions comprising substituted fused imidazole derivatives, and methods of use thereof.
• the present invention provides substituted fused imidazole derivatives that induce production of HMOX1 and thus may be useful to treat various diseases associated at least in part with oxidative stress.
• the invention provides a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
• G is hydrogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl, -C 1-6 alkylene-C 3- io cycloaklyl, heterocyclyl, -C1-6 alkylene-C 3- io heterocyclyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or NR h R k , where the alkyl, alkylene, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl, and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R c ; or G is -CH 2 Y 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 Y 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 Y 3 , -CH(CH 3 )CH 2 Y 3 , -CH 2 CH(Y 3 )CH 3 ,
• R 1 is hydrogen, R a , phenyl, or heteroaryl, where the phenyl and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R x ;
• R 2 is R b ;
• R 3 is hydrogen, -C 1 -6 alkyl, or -C 1 -6 alkylene-C 3 -io cycloaklyl, where the alkyl, alkylene, and cycloalkyi groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R z ;
• R 4 is -C 1-6 alkyl or -C 1-6 alkylene-C 3-10 cycloaklyl, where the alkyl, alkylene, and cycloalkyi groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents
• R 6 is hydrogen, -C 1 -6 alkyl, -C 1 -6 alkylene-C 3 -io cycloaklyl, where the alkyl, alkylene, and cycloalkyi groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R x ;
• R b is
• alkyl, cycloalkyi, heterocyclyl, phenyl, and heteroaryl groups are
• alkylene, alkyl, cycloalkyi, heterocyclyl, phenyl, and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R x ;
• R d and R e are independently hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, or C3-10 cycloalkyi, where the alkyl and cycloalkyi groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R y ; or, if R d and R e are both attached to the same nitrogen atom, together with that nitrogen atom may optionally form a
• heterocyclic ring selected from the group consisting of azetidino, pyrrolidino, pyrazolidino, imidazolidino, oxazolidino, isoxazolidino, thiazolidino,
• R and R 9 are independently hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyi, phenyl, or heteroaryl, where the alkyl, cycloalkyi, phenyl, and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R z ; or, if R and R 9 are both attached to the same nitrogen atom, together with that nitrogen atom may optionally form a heterocyclic ring selected from the group consisting of azetidino, pyrrolidino, pyrazolidino, imidazolidino, oxazolidino, isoxazolidino, thiazolidino, isothiazolidino, piperidino, piperazino, morpholino, thiomorpholino, and azepano, where each ring is optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R z ;
• R h and R k are independently hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl, or heteroaryl, where the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl, and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents
• R x independently selected from R x ; or, if R h and R k are both attached to the same nitrogen atom, together with that nitrogen atom may optionally form a
• heterocyclic ring selected from the group consisting of azetidino, pyrrolidino, pyrazolidino, imidazolidino, oxazolidino, isoxazolidino, thiazolidino,
• halogen selected independently from the group consisting of halogen, -OH, -0-C 1-6 alkyl, -NH 2 , -NH-C 1-6 alkyl, and -N(C 1-6 alkyl) 2 ,
• n) -heterocyclyl optionally substituted one or more times with one or more times with substituetnts selected independently from the group consisting of halogen, -OH, -0-C 1-6 alkyl, -NH 2 , -NH-C 1-6 alkyl, and -N(C 1-6 alkyl) 2 , n) -C3-10 cycloalkyl optionally substituted one or more times with one or more times with substituetnts selected independently from the group consisting of halogen, -OH, -0-C 1-6 alkyl, -NH 2 , -NH-C 1-6 alkyl, and -N(C 1-6 alkyl) 2 , o) -O-C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted one or more times with one or more times with substituetnts selected independently from the group consisting of halogen, -OH, -0-C 1-6 alkyl, -NH 2 , -NH-C 1-6 alky
• substituetnts selected independently from the group consisting of halogen, -OH, -0-C 1-6 alkyl, -NH 2 , -NH-C 1-6 alkyl, and -N(C 1-6 alkyl) 2 , r) -N(C 1-6 alkyl) 2 optionally substituted one or more times with one or more times with substituetnts selected independently from the group consisting of halogen, -OH, -0-C 1-6 alkyl, -NH 2 , -NH-C 1-6 alkyl, and -N(C 1-6 alkyl) 2 , s) -C(O)-C 1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted one or more times with one or more times with substituetnts selected independently from the group consisting of halogen, -OH, -0-C 1-6 alkyl, -NH 2 , -NH-C 1-6 alkyl, and -N(C 1-6 alkyl) 2 , r
• -heteroaryl optionally substituted one or more times with one or more times with substituetnts selected independently from the group consisting of halogen, -OH, -0-C 1 -6 alkyl, -NH 2 , -NH-C 1 -6 alkyl, and -N(C 1-6 alkyl) 2 , d) -O-phenyl,
• v is an integer from 0 to 4, and
• w is an integer from 0 to 2.
• Embodiment 2 A compound according to embodiment 1 wherein
• G is hydrogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 3-10 cycloalkyi, -C 1-6 alkylene-C 3-10 cycloaklyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or NR h R k , where the alkyl, alkylene, cycloalkyi, heterocyclyl, phenyl, and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R c ; or G is -CH 2 Y 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 Y 3 ,
• Y 3 is -cyclopropyl, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -OCH 3 , -OCH 2 CH 3 , -F, -CI, -OH, -0(CH 2 ) 2 -OH, -0(CH 2 ) 2 -F, -SCH 3 , -S(O) 2 -CH 3 ,
• alkylene, alkyl, cycloalkyi, heterocyclyl, phenyl, and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R x ;
• R h and R k are independently hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3 -io cycloalkyi, phenyl, or heteroaryl, where the alkyl, cycloalkyi, phenyl, and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R x ; or, if R h and R k are both attached to the same nitrogen atom, together with that nitrogen atom may optionally form a heterocyclic ring selected from the group consisting of azetidino, pyrrolidino, pyrazolidino, imidazolidino, oxazolidino, isoxazolidino, thiazolidino, isothiazolidino, piperidino, piperazino, morpholino, thiomorpholino, and azepano, where each ring is optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R x ; and
• k) -thiol I) -CF 3 , n) -C(O)-C 1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted one or more times with halogen, o) -C(O)-0-C 1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted one or more times with halogen, p) -S-C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted one or more times with halogen, or q) -S(O) 2 -C 1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted one or more times with halogen.
• Embodiment 3 A compound according to embodiment 2, wherein
• R 3 is hydrogen
• Embodiment 4 A compound according to embodiment 2, wherein
• R 3 is methyl
• Embodiment 5 A compound according to embodiment 2, wherein
• R 3 is ethyl
• Embodiment 6 A compound according to embodiment 2, wherein
• R 3 is isopropyl
• Embodiment 7 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 6, wherein
• X 3 is # and X 1 , X 2 , and X 4 are »
• Embodiment 8 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 6, wherein
• X 3 is #
• X 1 and X 4 are #
• X 2 is N.
• Embodiment 9 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 6, wherein
• X 3 is &
• X 1 and X 2 are »
• X 4 is N.
• Embodiment 10 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 6, wherein
• X 3 is &
• X 2 and X 4 are »
• X 1 is N.
• Embodiment 1 1 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 6, wherein
• X 2 is ff and X 1 , X 3 , and X 4 are V
• Embodiment 12 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 6, wherein
• Embodiment 13 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 6, wherein
• X 2 is &
• X 1 and X 3 are »
• X 4 is N.
• Embodiment 14 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 6, wherein
• X 2 is & , and X 3 and X 4 are » , and X 1 is N.
• Embodiment 15 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 6, wherein
• X 2 is ff , and two of X 1 , X 3 , and X 4 are N.
• Embodiment 16 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 6, wherein
• X 3 is ff , and two of X 1 , X 2 , and X 4 are N.
• Embodiment 17 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 6, wherein
• X 2 is * , and X 1 , X 3 , and X 4 are N.
• Embodiment 18 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 6, wherein
• X 3 is '/ , and X 1 , X 2 , and X 4 are N.
• Embodiment 19 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 18, wherein v is an integer from 0 to 2.
• Embodiment 20 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 18, wherein v is 0 or 1 .
• Embodiment 21 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 18, wherein v is 1.
• Embodiment 22 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 18, wherein v is 1 , and R 2 is attached at either the 5-position or the 6-position of the benzothiazole ring.
• Embodiment 23 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 18, wherein v is 1 , and R 2 is attached at the 6-position of the benzothiazole ring.
• Embodiment 24 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 18, wherein v is 2, and one R 2 is attached at the 6-position of the benzothiazole ring.
• Embodiment 25 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 18, wherein v is 2, and R 2 is attached at the 5-position and the 6-position of the benzothiazole ring.
• Embodiment 26 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 25, wherein R 2 is -halogen, -C 1 -6 alkyl, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -0-R , or -S(O) w -R , where the alkyl group is optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R z .
• Embodiment 27 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 25, wherein R 2 is -halogen, -methyl, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -SCF 3 , -O-heteroaryl, or -S(O) 2 -CH 3 .
• Embodiment 28 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 25, wherein R 2 is selected from -CI, -F, -CF 3 , and -OCF 3 .
• Embodiment 29 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 25, wherein R 2 is -OCF 3 .
• Embodiment 30 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 25, wherein R 2 is -CF 3 .
• Embodiment 31 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 25, wherein R 2 is -F.
• Embodiment 32 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 25, wherein R 2 is -CI.
• Embodiment 33 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 32, wherein R 4 is -methyl, -ethyl, -n-propyl, -isopropyl, -n-butyl, -sec-butyl, -isobutyl, -tert- butyl, -(CH 2 ) 1-2 -OCH 3 , -(CH 2 ) 1-2 -F, -(CH 2 ) 1-2 -CI, -(CH 2 ) 1-2 -OCF 3 , -(CH 2 ) 1-2 -NH 2 , -(CH 2 )i-2-CN, -(CH 2 ) 1-2 -OH, -(CH 2 ) 1-2 -CF 3 , -(CH 2 ) 1-2 -C0 2 H, -(CH 2 ) 1-2 -SH,
• Embodiment 34 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 33, wherein R 4 is -methyl, -ethyl, -isopropyl, -isobutyl, -CH 2 CH 2 -OCH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 -F, or -CH 2 CH 2 -NH 2 .
• Embodiment 35 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 34, wherein R 4 is -methyl, -ethyl, -isopropyl, or -isobutyl.
• Embodiment 36 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 35, wherein R 4 is -methyl.
• Embodiment 37 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 35, wherein R 4 is -ethyl.
• Embodiment 38 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 33, wherein R 4 is -(CH 2 ) 2 -OCH 3 , -(CH 2 ) 2 -F, -(CH 2 ) 2 -CI, -(CH 2 ) 2 -OCF 3 , -(CH 2 ) 2 -NH 2 ,
• Embodiment 39 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 38, wherein R 1 is independently selected from hydrogen, -OCH 3 , -F, -CI, -NH 2 , -cyano, -OH, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -SH, -S-C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 -C 1-6 alkyl, -C0 2 H, -NH-C 1-6 alkyl,
• Embodiment 40 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 38, wherein R 1 is independently selected from -OCH 3 , -F, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -N(CH 3 ) 2 ,
• Embodiment 41 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 38, wherein
• R 1 is independently selected from hydrogen, -OCH 3 , and -F.
• Embodiment 42 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 38, wherein R 1 is hydrogen.
• Embodiment 43 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 41 , wherein no more than one R 1 substituent is not hydrogen.
• Embodiment 44 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 43, wherein
• G is hydrogen, -C 1 -8 alkyl, -C 3- i 0 cycloalkyl, -C 1-6 alkylene-C 3-8 cycloaklyl,
• heterocyclyl or NR h R k , where the alkyl, alkylene, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R c ; or G is -CH 2 Y 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 Y 3 ,
• R 1 is hydrogen or R a ;
• alkylene, alkyl, cycloalkyi, and heterocyclyl groups are
• R k are independently hydrogen, C 1 -6 alkyl, or C3-10 cycloalkyi, where the alkyl, and cycloalkyi groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R x ; or, if R h and R k are both attached to the same nitrogen atom, together with that nitrogen atom may optionally form a heterocyclic ring selected from the group consisting of azetidino, pyrrolidine pyrazolidino, imidazolidino, oxazolidino, isoxazolidino, thiazolidino, isothiazolidino, piperidino, piperazino, morpholino, thiomorpholino, and azepano, where each ring is optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R x ; and
• R x is R y .
• Embodiment 45 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 44, wherein -L-G is not -cyano.
• Embodiment 46 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 45, wherein -L-G is -C(O)NR h R k .
• Embodiment 47 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 45, wherein
• L is -C(O)N(R 6 )- or -C(O)-0-.
• Embodiment 48 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 45, wherein
• L is -C(O)N(R 6 )-.
• Embodiment 49 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 45, wherein L is not -CH 2 -C(O)N(R 6 )-.
• Embodiment 50 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 45, wherein L is -C(O)-0-.
• Embodiment 51 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 45, wherein L is -C(O)-.
• Embodiment 52 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 45, wherein L is -S(O) 2 -.
• Embodiment 53 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 43, wherein L is heteroarylene optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R x .
• Embodiment 54 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 53, wherein R 6 is hydrogen.
• Embodiment 55 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 53, wherein R 6 is hydrogen or -methyl.
• Embodiment 56 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 55, wherein
• G is hydrogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 3- io cycloalkyl, or -C 1-6 alkylene-C 3- 8 cycloaklyl, where the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and alkylene groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R x .
• Embodiment 57 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 55, wherein G is -H, -methyl, -ethyl, -n-propyl, -isopropyl, -isobutyl, -CH 2 Y 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 Y 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 Y 3 , -CH(CH 3 )CH 2 Y 3 , -CH 2 CH(Y 3 )CH 3 , -CH(Y 3 )CH 3 , -CH 2 C(Y 3 )(CH 3 ) 2 , or -C(Y 3 )(CH 3 ) 2 , where Y 3 is -cyclopropyl, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -OCH 3 , -OCH 2 CH 3 , -F, -OH, -0(CH 2 ) 2 -OH, -0(CH 2 ) 2 -F, -SCH 3 ,
• Y 4 is -OH, -OCH 3 , -OCH 2 CH 3 , -OC(CH 3 ) 3 , -NH 2 , -NH-CH 3 , -NH-CH 2 CH 3 , -N(CH 3 ) 2 , or -N(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 .
• Embodiment 58 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 55, wherein G is -methyl, -ethyl, -n-propyl, -isopropyl, or -isobutyl, where each is optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -OCH 3 , -OCH 2 CH 3 , -F, -OH, -0(CH 2 ) 2 -OH, -0(CH 2 ) 2 -F, -SCH 3 , -SCH 2 CH 3 , -NH-CH 3 , -NH-CH 2 CH 3 , and -N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• Embodiment 59 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 55, wherein G is H.
• Embodiment 60 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 55, wherein
• G is C 1- 8 alkyl optionally substituted one or more times with halogen.
• Embodiment 61 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 55, wherein
• G is C 3- io cycloalkyl optionally substituted one or more times with halogen.
• Embodiment 62 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 55, wherein
• G is heterocyclyl optionally substituted one or more times with halogen.
• Embodiment 63 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 55, wherein
• G is -Ci- 6 alkylene-C 3- io cycloalkyl optionally substituted one or more times with halogen.
• Embodiment 64 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 55, wherein G is NR h R k .
• Embodiment 65 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 55, wherein G is -CH 2 -R C .
• Embodiment 66 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 55, wherein G is -CH 2 CH 2 -R C .
• Embodiment 67 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 55, wherein G is -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -R C .
• Embodiment 68 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 55, wherein G is -CH(CH 3 )CH 2 R c .
• mbodiment 69 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 55, wherein
• G is -CH 2 CH(R c )CH 3 .
• mbodiment 70 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 55, wherein
• G is -CH(R C )CH 3 .
• G is -CH 2 C(R C )(CH 3 ) 2 .
• mbodiment 72 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 55, wherein
• G is -C(R C )(CH 3 ) 2 .
• mbodiment 73 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 55, wherein G is imidazol-2-yl, thiazol-2yl, oxazol-2-yl, pyrazol1-yl, furan-2yl, thiophen-2-yl, pyrrol-1-yl, 1 H-1 ,2,4-triazolyl-3-yl, 5-methyl-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazolyl-3-yl,
• mbodiment 75 A compound according to any one of embodiments 2 to 73, wherein the compound is in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
• any "heterocyclyl" group present in the compound is selected from the group consisting of: azetidin-1 -yl, azetidin-2-yl, azetidin-3-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-2- yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, tetrahydrothiophen-2- yl, tetrahydrothiophen-3-yl, pyrazolidin-1 -yl, pyrazolidin-3-yl, pyrazolidin-4-yl, imidazolidin-1 -yl, imidazolidin-2-yl, imidazolidin-4-yl, oxazolidin-2-yl, oxazolidin-3- yl, oxazo
• Embodiment 77 A compound according to any one of embodiments 1 to 76, wherein any "heteroaryl" group present in the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 1 H-pyrrol-1 -yl, 1 H-pyrrol-2-yl, 1 H-pyrrol-3-yl, furan-2-yl, furan-3-yl, thiophen-2-yl, thiophen-3-yl, 1 H-imidazol-1-yl, 1 H-imidazol-2-yl, 1 H-imidazol-4-yl, 1 H-imidazol-5-yl, 1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl, 1 H-pyrazol-3-yl, 1 H-pyrazol-4-yl, 1 H-pyrazol-5- yl, oxazol-2-yl, oxazol-4-yl, oxazol-5-yl, thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, thiazol-5
• Embodiment 78 A compound according to any one of embodiments 1 to 77, wherein any "heteroarylene" group present in the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 1 H-pyrrol-2,5-diyl, furan-2,5-diyl, thiophen-2,5-diyl, 1 H-imidazol-2,4- diyl, 1 H-imidazol-2,5-diyl, oxazol-2,4-diyl, oxazol-2,5-diyl, thiazol-2,4-diyl, thiazol- 2,5-diyl, 1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-3,5-diyl, and 2H-isoindol-1 ,3-diyl, where each of these named rings may optionally be substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from halogen, -NH 2 , cyano, carboxy, -C 1-4 alkyl
• Embodiment 79 A compound according to embodiment 1 .
• Embodiment 80 A compound according to embodiment 79, wherein
• R 3 is hydrogen
• Embodiment 81 A compound according to embodiment 79, wherein
• R 3 is methyl
• Embodiment 82 A compound according to embodiment 79, wherein
• R 3 is ethyl
• Embodiment 83 A compound according to embodiment 79, wherein
• R 3 is isopropyl
• Embodiment 84 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 83, wherein
• X 3 is # and X 1 , X 2 , and X 4 are »
• Embodiment 85 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 83, wherein
• X 3 is #
• X 1 and X 4 are #
• X 2 is N.
• Embodiment 86 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 83, wherein
• X 3 is &
• X 1 and X 2 are »
• X 4 is N.
• Embodiment 87 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 83, wherein
• X 3 is &
• X 2 and X 4 are »
• X 1 is N.
• Embodiment 88 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 83, wherein
• X 2 is ff and X 1 , X 3 , and X 4 are V
• Embodiment 89 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 83, wherein
• Embodiment 90 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 83, wherein
• X 2 is &
• X 1 and X 3 are »
• X 4 is N.
• Embodiment 91 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 83, wherein
• X 2 is & , and X 3 and X 4 are » , and X 1 is N.
• Embodiment 92 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 83, wherein
• X 2 is ff , and two of X 1 , X 3 , and X 4 are N.
• Embodiment 93 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 83, wherein
• X 3 is ff , and two of X 1 , X 2 , and X 4 are N.
• Embodiment 94 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 83, wherein
• X 2 is '/ , and X 1 , X 3 , and X 4 are N.
• Embodiment 95 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 83, wherein
• X 3 is '/ , and X 1 , X 2 , and X 4 are N.
• Embodiment 96 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 95, wherein v is 0, 1 or 2.
• Embodiment 97 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 95, wherein v is 1 or 2.
• Embodiment 98 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 95, wherein v is 1.
• Embodiment 99 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 95, wherein v is 1 , and R 2 is attached at either the 5-position or the 6-position of the benzothiazole ring.
• Embodiment 100 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 95, wherein v is 1 , and R 2 is attached at the 6-position of the benzothiazole ring.
• Embodiment 101 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 95, wherein v is 2, and one R 2 is attached at the 6-position of the benzothiazole ring.
• Embodiment 102 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 95, wherein v is 2, and R 2 is attached at the 5-position and the 6-position of the benzothiazole ring.
• Embodiment 103 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 102, wherein R 2 is -halogen, -C 1-6 alkyl, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -0-R , or -S(O) w -R , where the alkyl group is optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R z .
• Embodiment 104 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 102, wherein R 2 is -halogen, -methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, -OCH 3 , -OCH 2 CH 3 , -OCH(CH 3 ) 2 , -CF 3 ,
• Embodiment 105 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 102, wherein R 2 is -halogen, -methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, -OCH 3 , -OCH 2 CH 3 , -OCH(CH 3 ) 2 , -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -SCF 3 , -S(O) 2 -CH 3 , or -0-(3-pyridyl).
• Embodiment 106 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 102, wherein R 2 is -CI, -F, -CF 3 , or -OCF 3 .
• Embodiment 107 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 102, wherein R 2 is -OCF 3 .
• Embodiment 108 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 102, wherein R 2 is -CF 3 .
• Embodiment 109 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 102, wherein R 2 is -F.
• Embodiment 1 10 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 102, wherein R 2 is -CI.
• Embodiment 1 1 1 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 102, wherein R 2 is -S0 2 CH 3 .
• Embodiment 1 12 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 102, wherein R 2 is methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl.
• Embodiment 1 13 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 102, wherein R 2 is methyl.
• Embodiment 1 14 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 102, wherein R 2 is -OCH 2 CH 3 .
• Embodiment 1 15 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 102, wherein R 2 is -O-phenyl.
• Embodiment 1 16 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 102, wherein
• R 2 is -0-(2-pyridyl), -0-(3-pyridyl), or -0-(4-pyridyl).
• Embodiment 1 17 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 102, wherein R 2 is -0-(3-pyridyl).
• Embodiment 1 18 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 1 17, wherein
• R 4 is -methyl, -ethyl, -n-propyl, -isopropyl, -n-butyl, -sec-butyl, -isobutyl, -tert- butyl, -(CH 2 ) 1-2 -OCH 3 , -(CH 2 ) 1-2 -F, -(CH 2 ) 1-2 -CI, -(CH 2 ) 1-2 -OCF 3 , -(CH 2 ) 1-2 -NH 2 ,
• Embodiment 1 19 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 1 17, wherein
• R 4 is -methyl, -ethyl, -isopropyl, -isobutyl, -CH 2 CH 2 -OCH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 -F,
• Embodiment 120 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 1 17, wherein
• R 4 is -methyl, -ethyl, -isopropyl, or -isobutyl.
• Embodiment 121 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 1 17, wherein
• R 4 is methyl
• Embodiment 122 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 1 17, wherein R 4 is -ethyl.
• Embodiment 123 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 1 17, wherein R 4 is -isopropyl.
• Embodiment 124 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 1 17, wherein R 4 is -isobutyl.
• Embodiment 125 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 1 17, wherein R 4 is -CH 2 CH 2 -OCH 3 .
• Embodiment 126 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 1 17, wherein R 4 is -CH 2 CH 2 -F.
• Embodiment 127 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 1 17, wherein R 4 is -CH 2 CH 2 -NH 2 .
• Embodiment 128 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 1 17, wherein R 4 is -CH 2 CH 2 -NH-CH 3 .
• Embodiment 129 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 128, wherein R 1 is independently hydrogen, -OCH 3 , -F, -CI, -NH 2 , -cyano, -OH, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -SH, -S-C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 -C 1-6 alkyl, -C0 2 H, -NH-C 1-6 alkyl, -N(C 1-6 alkyl) 2 , or
• Embodiment 130 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 128, wherein
• R 1 is independently -OCH 3 , -F, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -N(CH 3 ) 2 , -N(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 , or
• Embodiment 131 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 128, wherein
• R 1 is independently hydrogen, -OCH 3 , or -F.
• Embodiment 132 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 128, wherein R 1 is hydrogen.
• Embodiment 133 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 128, wherein R 1 is -F.
• Embodiment 134 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 128, wherein R 1 is -OCH 3 .
• Embodiment 135 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 128, wherein R 1 is -N(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 .
• Embodiment 136 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 135, wherein no more than one R 1 substituent is not hydrogen.
• Embodiment 137 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 136, wherein G is hydrogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 3- i 0 cycloalkyl, -C 1-6 alkylene-C 3- i 0 cycloaklyl,
• heterocyclyl -C 1-6 alkylene-C 3- i 0 heterocyclyl, or NR h R k , where the alkyl, alkylene, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R c ; or G is -CH 2 Y 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 Y 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 Y 3 , -CH(CH 3 )CH 2 Y 3 ,
• Y 3 is cyclopropyl, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -OCH 3 , -OCH 2 CH 3 , -F, -CI, -OH, -0(CH 2 ) 2 -OH, -0(CH 2 ) 2 -F, -SCH 3 , -S(O) 2 -CH 3 , -SCH 2 CH 3 ,
• -S(O) 2 CH 2 CH 3 -NH-CH 3 , -NH-CH 2 CH 3 , -N(CH 3 ) 2 , tetrahydropyran-4-yl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, morpholin-2-yl, morpholin-4-yl, piperidin-1-yl, 4- hydroxy-piperidin-1-yl, 3-hydroxy-piperidin-1-yl, -NH-C(O)-CH 3 , -NH- C(O)-CH 2 CH 3 , tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-methyloxy, or -C(O)-Y 4 , where Y 4 is -OH, -OCH3, -OCH 2 CH 3 , -OC(CH 3 ) 3 , -NH 2 , -NH-CH 3 , -NH-CH 2 CH 3 ,
• L is -CH 2 -C(O)N(R 6 )-, -C(O)N(R 6 )-, -C(O)-0-, -S0 2 -, -C(O)-, or heterocyclylene optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R x ; or the group -L-G is -cyano;
• R 1 is hydrogen or R a ;
• alkylene, alkyl, cycloalkyi, and heterocyclyl groups are
• R h and R k independently are hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, where the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R x ; or, if R h and R k are both attached to the same nitrogen atom, together with that nitrogen atom may optionally form a heterocyclic ring selected from azetidino, pyrrolidino, pyrazolidino, imidazolidino, oxazolidino, isoxazolidino, thiazolidino, isothiazolidino, piperidino, piperazino, morpholino, thiomorpholino, and azepano, where each ring is optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R x ; and
• R x is R y .
• Embodiment 137 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 136, wherein -L-G is not -cyano.
• Embodiment 138 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 136, wherein
• L is -C(O)N(R 6 )-.
• Embodiment 139 A compound according to embodiment 138 wherein
• R 6 is hydrogen
• Embodiment 140 A compound according to embodiment 138 wherein
• R 6 is methyl
• Embodiment 141 A compound according to embodiment 140 wherein
• G is -N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• Embodiment 142 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 136, wherein
• -L-G is -C(O)NR h R k .
• Embodiment 143 A compound according to embodiment 142, wherein
• NR h R k is pyrrolidino, piperidino, piperazino, 4-methyl-piperazino, or morpholino, where each of the foregoing is optionally substituted once with -(CH 2 )i-3-OH.
• Embodiment 144 A compound according to embodiment 143, wherein
• NR h R k is pyrrolidino, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazino, or 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)- piperidino.
• Embodiment 145 A compound according to embodiment 142, wherein
• NR h R k is N[(CH 2 ) 2 -OH] 2 .
• Embodiment 146 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 137, wherein L is not -CH 2 -C(O)N(R 6 )-.
• Embodiment 147 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 146, wherein
• L is not heterocyclylene.
• Embodiment 148 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 136, wherein
• L is -S(O) 2 -.
• Embodiment 149 A compound according to embodiment 148, wherein
• G is methyl or -CF 3 .
• Embodiment 150 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 136, wherein
• L is heteroarylene optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R x .
• Embodiment 151 A compound according to embodiment 150, wherein
• -L-G is imidazol-2-yl, 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl, or 5-methyl-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl.
• Embodiment 152 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 136, wherein
• L is -C(O)-0-.
• Embodiment 153 A compound according to embodiment 152, wherein
• G is hydrogen, or -C 1 -8 alkyl, where the alkyl group is optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R c .
• Embodiment 154 A compound according to embodiment 153, wherein
• G is methyl or ethyl.
• Embodiment 155 A compound according to embodiment 153, wherein
• Embodiment 156 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 139, wherein
• G is -Ci-8 alkyl, -C 3- io cycloalkyl, -C 1 -6 alkylene-C 3- io cycloaklyl, heterocyclyl, or
• alkyl, alkylene, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R c .
• Embodiment 157 A compound according to embodiment 156, wherein
• G is -C 1-8 alkyl optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R c .
• Embodiment 158 A compound according to embodiment 157, wherein
• G is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, or isobutyl.
• Embodiment 159 A compound according to embodiment 157, wherein
• G is methyl, ethyl, or n-propyl.
• Embodiment 160 A compound according to embodiment 157, wherein
• Embodiment 161 A compound according to embodiment 157, wherein
• G is 2-cyanoethyl.
• Embodiment 162 A compound according to embodiment 157, wherein
• G is -C 1-8 alkyl substituted once by -C(O)-0-R h .
• Embodiment 163 A compound according to embodiment 162, wherein
• G is -CH 2 -C(O)-0-R h .
• Embodiment 164 A compound according to embodiment 163, wherein
• R h is hydrogen or methyl.
• Embodiment 165 A compound according to embodiment 162, wherein
• G is -CH 2 CH 2 -C(O)-0-R h .
• Embodiment 166 A compound according to embodiment 165, wherein
• R h is hydrogen or methyl.
• Embodiment 167 A compound according to embodiment 162, wherein
• G is -C(CH 3 ) 2 -C(O)-0-R h .
• Embodiment 168 A compound according to embodiment 167, wherein
• R h is hydrogen or methyl.
• Embodiment 169 A compound according to embodiment 162, wherein
• G is -CH(CH 3 )-C(O)-0-R h .
• Embodiment 170 A compound according to embodiment 169, wherein
• R h is hydrogen or methyl.
• Embodiment 171 A compound according to embodiment 157, wherein
• G is -Ci-8 alkyl substituted once by -C(O)NR h R k .
• Embodiment 172 A compound according to embodiment 171 , wherein
• G is CH 2 -C(O)-NR h R k .
• Embodiment 173 A compound according to embodiment 172, wherein
• NR h R k is methylamino, dimethylamino, or diethylamino.
• Embodiment 174 A compound according to embodiment 172, wherein
• NR h R k is thiomorpholino or 1 , 1-dioxothiomorpholino.
• Embodiment 175 A compound according to embodiment 172, wherein
• NR h R k is morpholino, pyrrolidino, piperidino, piperazino, or 4-methylpiperazino.
• Embodiment 176 A compound according to embodiment 172, wherein
• NR h R k is pyrrolidino, 3-hydroxy-pyrrolidino, 3-methoxy-pyrrolidino, 3-amino- pyrrolidino, 3-(methylamino)-pyrrolidino, 3-(dimethylamino)-pyrrolidino, 2- (hydroxymethyl)-pyrrolidino, 2-(dimethylaminocarbonyl)-pyrrolidino or 3,4- dihydroxy-pyrrolidino.
• Embodiment 177 A compound according to embodiment 172, wherein
• NR h R k is piperazino, 4-methylpiperazino, 4-(methylsulfonyl)-piperazino, or 4- (dimethylaminosulfonyl)-piperazino.
• Embodiment 178 A compound according to embodiment 172, wherein
• NR h R k is piperidino, 3-hydroxypiperidino, 4-hydroxypiperidino, 2-
• Embodiment 179 A compound according to embodiment 172, wherein
• NR h R k is NHR k , where R k is 2-hydroxypropyl, 2-(methylsulfonyl)-ethyl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, tetrahydropyran-4-yl, 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl, piperidin-3-yl, or 1 -methylpiperidin-3-yl.
• Embodiment 180 A compound according to embodiment 172, wherein
• R k is N(CH 3 )R k , where R k is 2-hydroxyethyl, tetrahydropyran-4-yl, pyrrolidin-
• Embodiment 181 A compound according to embodiment 172, wherein
• NR h R k is N(CH 2 CH 2 OH) 2 .
• Embodiment 182 A compound according to embodiment 171 , wherein
• G is -(CH 2 ) 2- 3-C(O)-N(CH 3 )2.
• Embodiment 183 A compound according to embodiment 171 , wherein
• G is -(CH 2 ) 3 -C(O)-(4-methylpiperazino).
• Embodiment 184 A compound according to embodiment 171 , wherein
• G is -CH(CH 3 )-C(O)-NR h R k , where NR h R k is methylamino, dimethylamino, 4- methylpiperazino, or morpholino.
• Embodiment 185 A compound according to embodiment 171 , wherein
• G is -C(CH 3 ) 2 -C(O)-N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• Embodiment 186 A compound according to embodiment 157, wherein
• G is -CH-[C(O)-N(CH 3 ) 2 ]-[CH 2 OH], -CH-[C(O)-N(CH 3 ) 2 ]-[(CH 2 ) 4 -NH 2 ], or -CH-
• Embodiment 187 A compound according to embodiment 157, wherein
• G is -Ci-8 alkyl substituted once by -0-R h .
• Embodiment 188 A compound according to embodiment 187, wherein
• G is -(CH 2 ) 2 -0-R h .
• Embodiment 189 A compound according to embodiment 188, wherein
• R h is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl.
• Embodiment 190 A compound according to embodiment 188, wherein
• R h is trifluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 3-fluoropropyl, or 2,2-difluoroethyl.
• Embodiment 191 A compound according to embodiment 188, wherein
• R h is tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl.
• Embodiment 192 A compound according to embodiment 188, wherein
• R h is 2-hydroxyethyl
• Embodiment 193 A compound according to embodiment 188, wherein
• R h is 3-hydroxypropyl
• Embodiment 194 A compound according to embodiment 188, wherein
• R h is 2-methoxyethyl.
• Embodiment 195 A compound according to embodiment 188, wherein
• R h is 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethyl.
• Embodiment 196 A compound according to embodiment 188, wherein
• R h is 2-hydroxypropyl or 1 -hydroxyprop-2-yl.
• Embodiment 197 A compound according to embodiment 188, wherein
• R h is 2-cyanoethyl, 2-(methylcarbonylamino)-ethyl, or 2-(methylsulfonylamino)- ethyl.
• Embodiment 198 A compound according to embodiment 188, wherein
• R h is 2-aminoethyl, 2-(methylamino)-ethyl, or 2-(dimethylamino)-ethyl.
• Embodiment 199 A compound according to embodiment 188, wherein
• R h is carbamoylmethyl
• Embodiment 200 A compound according to embodiment 187, wherein
• G is -(CH 2 ) 3 -0-R h .
• Embodiment 201 A compound according to embodiment 200, wherein
• R h is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl.
• Embodiment 202 A compound according to embodiment 200, wherein
• Embodiment 203 A compound according to embodiment 187, wherein
• G is -(CH2) 4 -OH, -(CH2) 5 -OH, -CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 -OH, -CH 2 C(CH 3 )2-OCH 3 ,
• Embodiment 204 A compound according to embodiment 187, wherein
• G is -CH 2 CH(CH 3 )-0-R h .
• Embodiment 205 A compound according to embodiment 204, wherein
• R h is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl.
• Embodiment 206 A compound according to embodiment 157, wherein
• G is -CH 2 -CH(OH)-CH 2 -OH.
• Embodiment 207 A compound according to embodiment 157, wherein
• G is -C 1-8 alkyl substituted once by -NR h R k .
• Embodiment 208 A compound according to embodiment 207, wherein
• G is -(CH 2 ) 2 -NR h R k .
• Embodiment 209 A compound according to embodiment 208, wherein
• NR h R k is amino, methylamino, or dimethylamino.
• Embodiment 210 A compound according to embodiment 208, wherein
• NR h R k is methylcarbonylamino.
• Embodiment 21 1 A compound according to embodiment 208, wherein
• NR h R k is (dimethylamino)methylcarbonylamino, hydroxymethylcarbonylamino, or
• Embodiment 212 A compound according to embodiment 208, wherein
• NR h R k is methylsulfonylamino.
• Embodiment 213 A compound according to embodiment 208, wherein
• NR h R k is piperidino, 4-hydroxypiperidino, or 3-hydroxypiperidino.
• Embodiment 214 A compound according to embodiment 208, wherein
• NR h R k is piperidino, 4,4-difluoropiperidino, or 3,3-difluoropiperidino.
• Embodiment 215 A compound according to embodiment 208, wherein
• NR h R k is 2-oxo-pyrrolidino, 2-oxo-imidazolidino, or 3-oxo-piperazino.
• Embodiment 216 A compound according to embodiment 208, wherein
• NR h R k is piperazino, 4-methylpiperazino, morpholino, or 1 , 1-dioxo- thiomorpholino.
• Embodiment 217 A compound according to embodiment 207, wherein
• Embodiment 218 A compound according to embodiment 217, wherein
• NR h R k is amino, dimethylamino, or diethylamino.
• Embodiment 219 A compound according to embodiment 217, wherein
• NR h R k is piperidino, 4-methylpiperazino, or morpholino.
• Embodiment 220 A compound according to embodiment 207, wherein
• G is -(CH 2 ) 4 -NR h R k .
• Embodiment 221 A compound according to embodiment 220, wherein
• NR h R k is amino, dimethylamino, or diethylamino.
• Embodiment 222 A compound according to embodiment 156, wherein
• G is -C 1-6 alkylene-heterocyclyl, where the alkylene and heterocyclyl groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R c .
• Embodiment 223 A compound according to embodiment 222, wherein
• G is -CH 2 -heterocyclyl, where the heterocyclyl group is optionally substituted once with a substituent selected from R c .
• Embodiment 224 A compound according to embodiment 223, wherein
• the heterocyclyl group is tetrahydropyran-4-yl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, 1 ,4-dioxan-2- yl, morpholin-2-yl, tetrahydropyran-2-yl, piperidin-4-yl, 1 -(2-hydroxyethyl)- piperidin-4-yl, 1-(dimethylaminomethylcarbonyl)-piperidin-4-yl, piperazin-2-yl, or 1-methyl-piperazin-2-yl.
• Embodiment 225 A compound according to embodiment 156, wherein
• G is C 3- io cycloalkyl optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R c .
• Embodiment 226 A compound according to embodiment 225, wherein
• G is 4-hydroxy-cyclohexyl, 4-carboxy-cyclohexyl, or 4-(dimethylaminocarbonyl)- cyclohexyl.
• Embodiment 227 A compound according to embodiment 225, wherein
• G is 1 -carboxy-cyclopropyl, 1 -(ethoxycarbonyl)-cyclopropyl, or 1-(dimethylamino- carbonyl)-cyclopropyl.
• Embodiment 228 A compound according to embodiment 156, wherein
• G is C 1-6 alkylene-C 3 -io cycloalkyl, where the alkylene and cycloalkyl groups are optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R c .
• Embodiment 229 A compound according to embodiment 228, wherein
• G is -CH 2 -(4-hydroxy-cyclohexyl).
• Embodiment 230 A compound according to embodiment 228, wherein
• G is -(CH 2 )2-(4-hydroxy-cyclohexyl).
• Embodiment 231 A compound according to embodiment 228, wherein
• G is -CH 2 -[4-(hydroxymethyl)-cyclohexyl].
• Embodiment 232 A compound according to embodiment 156, wherein
• G is heterocyclyl optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R c .
• Embodiment 233 A compound according to embodiment 232, wherein
• G is piperidin-4-yl, 1 -methyl-piperidin-4-yl, 1 -carboxy-piperidin-4-yl, 1 -
• Embodiment 234 A compound according to embodiment 232, wherein
• G is piperidin-3-yl or 1-(dimethylaminomethylcarbonyl)-piperidin-3-yl.
• Embodiment 235 A compound according to embodiment 232, wherein
• G is 1 ,1 -dioxo-tetrahydrothiophen-3-yl.
• Embodiment 236 A compound according to embodiment 232, wherein
• G is pyrrolidin-3-yl, 1 -methyl-pyrrolidin-3-yl, 1 -(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrrolidin-3-yl, 1- (2-hydroxypropyl)-pyrrolidin-3-yl, 1 -(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-pyrrolidin-3-yl, 1 -
• Embodiment 237 A compound according to embodiment 157, wherein
• G is -C -8 alkyl substituted once by -S-R h .
• Embodiment 238 A compound according to embodiment 237, wherein
• G is -(CH 2 ) 2 -S-R h .
• Embodiment 239 A compound according to embodiment 238, wherein
• R h is methyl or ethyl.
• Embodiment 240 A compound according to embodiment 238, wherein
• R h is 2-hydroxyethyl
• Embodiment 241 A compound according to embodiment 237, wherein
• G is -(CH 2 ) 3 -S-R h .
• Embodiment 242 A compound according to embodiment 241 , wherein
• Embodiment 243 A compound according to embodiment 157, wherein
• G is -Ci-8 alkyl substituted once by -S0 2 -R h .
• Embodiment 244 A compound according to embodiment 243, wherein
• G is -(CH 2 ) 2 -S0 2 -R h .
• Embodiment 245 A compound according to embodiment 244, wherein
• R h is methyl or ethyl.
• Embodiment 246 A compound according to embodiment 244, wherein
• R h is 2-hydroxyethyl
• Embodiment 247 A compound according to embodiment 243, wherein
• G is -(CH 2 ) 3 -S0 2 -R h .
• Embodiment 248 A compound according to embodiment 247, wherein
• R h is methyl
• Embodiment 249 A compound according to embodiment 156 wherein
• G is -CH(CH 3 )-NR h R k , where NR h R k is pyrrolidine piperidino, 4-methyl- piperazino, morpholino, or dimethylamino.
• Embodiment 250 A compound according to embodiment 156 wherein
• G is 1 -(2-hydroxypropyl)-pyrrolodin-3-yl or 1 -(1-hydroxyethylcarbonyl)-pyrrolidin- 3-yl.
• Embodiment 251 A compound according to embodiment 156 wherein
• G is 1 -(dimethylaminomethylcarbonyl)-piperidin-4-yl.
• Embodiment 252 A compound according to embodiment 156 wherein
• G is -(CH 2 ) 3-5 -OH.
• Embodiment 253 A compound according to embodiment 156 wherein
• G is 4-hydroxy-cyclohexylmethyl.
• Embodiment 254 A compound according to embodiment 156 wherein
• G is -(CH 2 ) 2 -NHC(O)-CH 2 -N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• Embodiment 255 A compound according to embodiment 156 wherein
• G is 4-hydroxy-cyclohexylmethyl.
• Embodiment 256 A compound according to embodiment 156 wherein
• G is -CH 2 -C(O)-NR h R k , where NR h R k is 3-hydroxy-pyrrolidino or 3-(dimethyl- amino)-pyrrolidino.
• Embodiment 257 A compound according to embodiment 156 wherein
• Embodiment 258 A compound according to embodiment 156 wherein
• G is -CH 2 -C(O)-NR h R k , where NR h R k is 4-hydroxy-piperidino, 4-methoxy- piperidino, 4-(hydroxymethyl)-piperidino, 3-hydroxy-piperidino, 3-methoxy- piperidino, 3-(hydroxymethyl)-piperidino, or 4,4-difluoropiperidino.
• Embodiment 259 A compound according to embodiment 156 wherein
• G is -CH 2 -C(O)-NR h R k , where NR h R k is dimethylamino.
• Embodiment 260 A compound according to embodiment 156 wherein
• G is -(CH 2 ) 2 -0-(CH 2 ) 2 -OH.
• Embodiment 261 A compound according to embodiment 156 wherein
• G is -(CH 2 ) 2 -0-(CH 2 ) 2 -OCH 3 .
• Embodiment 262 A compound according to embodiment 156 wherein
• G is -CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-OH.
• Embodiment 263 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 136, wherein
• L is C(O)NH
• G is C 1 -8 alkyl substituted once by a heteroaryl group, where the heteroaryl group is optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R x .
• Embodiment 264 A compound according to embodiment 263, wherein
• Embodiment 265 A compound according to embodiment 263, wherein
• G is -(CH 2 ) 2-3 -(1-pyrrolyl), -(CH 2 ) 2-3 -(1-pyrazolyl), or -(CH 2 ) 2-3 -(1-imidazolyl).
• Embodiment 266 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 136, wherein
• L is C(O)NH
• G is C 1 -8 alkyl substituted once by a phenyl group, where the phenyl group is optionally substituted one or more times with substituents independently selected from R x .
• Embodiment 267 A compound according to embodiment 266, wherein
• Embodiment 268 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 136, wherein
• L is C(O)NH
• G is -CH 2 -C(O)NH-CH 2 -(4-hydroxyphenyl).
• Embodiment 269 A compound according to any one of embodiments 79 to 136, wherein L is C(O)NH, and G is -CH 2 -C(O)-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yloxy)-piperidino].
• Embodiment 270 A compound according to any one of embodiments 1 to 269, wherein the compound is in the form of a free acid or a free base.
• Embodiment 271 A compound according to any one of embodiments 1 to 269, wherein the compound is in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
• the routes in the Examples illustrate methods of synthesizing compounds of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the skilled artisan will appreciate that the compounds of the invention could be made by methods other than those specifically described herein, by adaptation of the methods described herein and/or adaptation thereof, for example by methods known in the art.
• Examples of compounds of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof having useful biological activity are listed the Examples section and in Table 1.

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• 2023
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