WO2011089801A1 - 燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011089801A1 WO2011089801A1 PCT/JP2010/072629 JP2010072629W WO2011089801A1 WO 2011089801 A1 WO2011089801 A1 WO 2011089801A1 JP 2010072629 W JP2010072629 W JP 2010072629W WO 2011089801 A1 WO2011089801 A1 WO 2011089801A1
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- gas flow
- flow path
- gas
- water
- forming body
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell used in, for example, an electric vehicle, and more particularly to a fuel cell capable of improving power generation performance.
- the fuel cell includes a fuel cell stack 11 composed of a large number of power generation cells 12 stacked as shown in FIG.
- an electrode structure 15 is attached to a joint portion between a pair of frames 13 and 14 constituting each power generation cell 12.
- the electrode structure 15 includes a solid electrolyte membrane 16, an electrode catalyst layer 17 located on the anode side, and an electrode catalyst layer 18 located on the cathode side.
- the outer peripheral edge of the solid electrolyte membrane 16 is sandwiched and fixed by the frames 13 and 14.
- a gas diffusion layer 19 on the anode side is laminated on the surface of the electrode catalyst layer 17, and a gas diffusion layer 20 on the cathode side is laminated on the surface of the electrode catalyst layer 18.
- a first gas flow path forming body 21 on the anode side is stacked on the surface of the gas diffusion layer 19, and a second gas flow path forming body 22 on the cathode side is stacked on the surface of the gas diffusion layer 20.
- a flat separator 23 is bonded to the surface of the first gas flow path forming body 21, and a flat plate separator 24 is bonded to the surface of the second gas flow path forming body 22.
- the first gas flow path forming body 21 includes a substrate portion 21a that contacts the separator 23, and a protrusion 21b that is integrally formed on the surface of the substrate portion 21a. Between the adjacent protrusions 21b, a straight groove 21c constituting the gas flow path T is formed by being blocked by the surface of the gas diffusion layer 19.
- the second gas flow path forming body 22 has the same configuration as the gas flow path forming body 21. That is, the second gas flow path forming body 22 includes a substrate portion 22a that contacts the separator 24 and a protrusion 22b that is integrally formed on the surface of the substrate portion 22a.
- a straight groove 22c constituting the gas flow path F is formed by being blocked by the surface of the gas diffusion layer 20.
- Fuel gas that is, hydrogen gas
- the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas react electrochemically in the electrode structure 15 to generate power.
- the fuel off-gas and oxidant off-gas that were not used during power generation are respectively connected to the outside of the power generation cell 12 through the fuel off-gas outlet passage M2 and the oxidation off-gas outlet passage R2 (see FIG. 13) formed in the power generation cell 12. To be discharged. (See Patent Document 1)
- the straight grooves 21c, 21c, 22c, 22c, 22c, 22c, 22c, the straight grooves 21c, 22c is formed in the same shape. Therefore, there are the following problems. That is, when power generation is performed by the power generation cell 12, water is generated in the cathode-side electrode catalyst layer 18 and the gas diffusion layer 20 by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, as is well known. In order to improve the power generation efficiency, the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas are supplied to the power generation cell 12 in a state of being humidified by a humidifier, so that humidified water is supplied to the gas flow paths T and F. Part of the water produced on the cathode side permeates the electrode structure 15 and enters the gas diffusion layer 19 on the anode side and the straight groove 21c of the gas flow path forming body 21 as permeated water.
- the stagnant water W remains in all the gas flow paths T and F of the specific power generation cell 12, and the supply of the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas is suppressed.
- the power generation cell 12 becomes unable to generate power, the power generation cells 12 of the fuel cell stack 11 are electrically connected in series, so that power generation cannot be continued.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell capable of suppressing a decrease in power generation efficiency.
- an electrolyte membrane having an anode surface and a cathode surface, and a pair of electrode catalyst layers respectively laminated on the anode surface and the cathode surface of the electrolyte membrane, A pair of gas flow path forming bodies respectively stacked on the pair of electrode catalyst layers, and a plurality of gas flows formed in each gas flow path forming body and including the first gas flow path and the second gas flow path
- a pair of separators provided integrally or separately with the pair of gas flow path forming bodies, a pair of introduction passages for introducing fuel gas and oxidizing gas into the plurality of gas flow paths, and a plurality of gas flow paths
- a fuel cell comprising a pair of lead-out passages for leading out fuel off-gas and oxidizing off-gas from the fuel cell is provided.
- the shapes of the first gas flow path and the second gas flow path are set so that a difference in flow resistance occurs between the first gas flow path and the second gas flow path in each gas flow path
- the first gas flow path is a straight gas flow path having a small gas flow resistance
- the second gas flow path is a meandering gas flow path having a flow resistance larger than that of the first gas flow path.
- a corresponding separator of the pair of separators is in contact with the surface of each gas flow path forming body, and each gas flow path forming body is integrally formed with the flat plate portion and the flat plate portion, and a plurality of gas flow forming bodies are formed.
- a plurality of protrusions for forming a path, a plurality of water flow paths are formed between the separator and the flat plate part, and at least one gas flow path among each water flow path and the plurality of gas flow paths, Communicating through communication holes formed in the gas flow path forming body, the depth of each water flow path is set smaller than the depth of each gas flow path, and the water produced by the reaction between the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas is It is preferable that the gas channel is sucked into the water channel by capillary action through the communication hole and discharged to the outlet channel by the gas flow pressure.
- the outlet passage has an inner wall, each water passage has an opening on the downstream side in the gas flow direction, the opening extends to the inner wall of the outlet passage, and is located at a position corresponding to the opening of each water passage in the outlet passage. It is preferable that a throttle portion for increasing the gas flow rate is formed.
- a gas passage penetrating the flat plate portion and the separator is formed in a portion of the gas flow passage forming body on the downstream side in the gas flow direction of each water flow passage of the separator and the gas passage is communicated with the outlet passage. It preferably functions as a throttle for increasing the gas flow rate.
- the permeated water and the humidified water generated at the time of power generation adhere to the gas flow path having a large flow resistance among the plurality of gas flow paths as stagnant water.
- the gas is properly supplied to the electrode catalyst layer. For this reason, the area
- the present invention it is possible to appropriately supply gas to the electrode catalyst layer, to suppress a decrease in power generation efficiency, and to prevent power generation from being stopped.
- FIG. 14 is a sectional view taken along line 1-1 of FIG. 13 showing the fuel cell according to the first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG.
- the perspective view which shows the 1st and 2nd gas flow path formation body. Sectional drawing which expands and shows the principal part of a power generation cell.
- the partial perspective view which shows the 1st gas flow path formation body and separator of the fuel cell which concern on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- the partial perspective view which shows the 2nd gas flow path formation body and separator of the fuel cell which concern on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-1 of FIG.
- FIG. 13 showing a power generation cell of a fuel cell according to a second embodiment.
- the partial top view which shows the 1st and 2nd gas flow path formation body of the electric power generation cell of FIG. Sectional drawing in the 2-2 line of FIG. 13 which shows the electric power generation cell of the fuel cell which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing along the 1-1 line
- the perspective view which shows the 1st and 2nd gas flow path formation body which shows the modification of 1st Embodiment.
- the fragmentary perspective view which shows the 1st and 2nd gas flow path formation body which shows the modification of 1st Embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG.
- the perspective view which shows the conventional 1st and 2nd gas flow path formation body.
- the partial expanded sectional view which
- the fuel cell stack 11 of the first embodiment is a solid polymer fuel cell and includes a large number of stacked power generation cells 12.
- each power generation cell 12 includes a rectangular frame-shaped first and second frames 13 and 14, and a membrane electrode as an electrode structure disposed in the first and second frames 13 and 14.
- the first and second frames 13 and 14 are made of synthetic resin such as synthetic rubber.
- a fuel gas channel space 13 a is defined inside the first frame 13, and an oxidizing gas channel space 14 a is defined inside the second frame 14.
- the MEA 15 is disposed between the first and second frames 13 and 14.
- each power generation cell 12 includes a first gas flow path forming body 21 housed in the fuel gas flow path space 13a and a first gas flow path space 14a housed in the oxidizing gas flow path space 14a. 2 gas flow path forming body 22.
- the first gas flow path forming body 21 is made of ferrite SUS (stainless steel), titanium alloy, or carbon.
- the second gas flow path forming body 22 is made of a ferritic SUS (stainless steel), a titanium alloy, carbon, a titanium alloy subjected to gold plating, or a gold alloy.
- each power generation cell 12 includes a flat plate-like first separator 23 and a second separator 24.
- the first separator 23 and the second separator 24 are made of ferrite SUS (stainless steel), titanium alloy, or carbon.
- the first separator 23 is joined to the upper surfaces of the first frame 13 and the first gas flow path forming body 21 via a seal ring (not shown).
- the second separator 24 is bonded to the lower surface of the frame 14 and the second gas flow path forming body 22 via a seal ring (not shown).
- the MEA 15 includes a solid electrolyte membrane 16, a first electrode catalyst layer 17 and a second electrode catalyst layer 18, and a first gas diffusion layer 19 and a second gas diffusion layer 20 having conductivity.
- the first electrode catalyst layer 17 is formed of a catalyst laminated on the anode surface of the electrolyte membrane 16, that is, the upper surface in the drawing.
- the second electrode catalyst layer 18 is formed by a catalyst laminated on the cathode surface of the electrolyte membrane 16, that is, the lower surface in the drawing.
- the gas diffusion layers 19 and 20 are in contact with the surfaces of the electrode catalyst layers 17 and 18, respectively.
- the solid electrolyte membrane 16 is formed of a fluorine polymer membrane.
- Each of the electrode catalyst layers 17 and 18 includes carbon particles (not shown). A large number of catalyst particles made of platinum (Pt) are attached to the surface of the carbon particles. The power generation efficiency of the fuel cell can be increased by the catalytic action of the catalyst particles.
- the gas diffusion layers 19 and 20 are made of carbon paper.
- each first gas flow path forming body 21 includes a substrate portion 21a that contacts the first separator 23 and a plurality of parallel protrusions that are integrally formed on the surface of the substrate portion 21a.
- the second gas flow path forming body 22 includes a substrate portion 22a that contacts the second separator 24 and a plurality of parallel protrusions 22b that are integrally formed on the surface of the substrate portion 22a.
- the first diffusion groove 20c is blocked by the surface of the gas diffusion layer 20, so that the first straight groove 22c and the first straight groove 22c constituting the first gas flow path F1 and the second gas flow path F2 of the oxidizing gas, respectively.
- Two straight grooves 22d are formed.
- the depths d1 and d2 of all the first and second straight grooves 21c and 21d (22c and 22d) are set to be the same, and the width w1 of the first straight groove 21c (22c) is It is set narrower than the width w2 of the second straight groove 21d (22d). Therefore, the passage cross-sectional area S1 of the fuel gas, that is, the oxidizing gas in the first gas flow path T1 (F1) is set to be narrow so that the gas flow resistance is increased.
- the passage cross-sectional area S2 of the fuel gas of the second gas flow path T2 (F2), that is, the oxidizing gas is set so as to make the gas flow resistance smaller than the flow resistance of the first gas flow path T1 (F1). .
- the first and second frames 13, 14 and the first and second separators 23, 24 of each power generation cell 12 are formed with an introduction passage M1 and a discharge passage M2.
- the introduction passage M1 is provided to supply fuel gas, that is, hydrogen gas, from a fuel gas supply source (not shown) such as a hydrogen cylinder to the gas flow paths T1 and T2.
- the lead-out passage M2 is provided to lead the fuel off-gas that has not been used during power generation to the outside of the power generation cell 12.
- the first and second frames 13 and 14 and the first and second separators 23 and 24 of the power generation cell 12 are formed with an introduction passage R1 and a lead-out passage R2.
- the introduction passage R1 is provided to introduce an oxidant gas, that is, air, from an oxidant gas supply source (not shown) such as a compressor into the gas flow paths F1 and F2.
- the lead-out passage R2 is provided to lead the oxidizing off gas that has not been used during power generation to the outside.
- fuel gas humidified by a humidifier that is, hydrogen gas is supplied from the introduction passage M1 into the gas passages T1 and T2 (see FIG. 1) of the first gas passage formation body 21. , Flowing along the arrow direction. The fuel gas is diffused by passing through the first gas diffusion layer 19 in the gas flow paths T ⁇ b> 1 and T ⁇ b> 2, and is uniformly supplied to the first electrode catalyst layer 17.
- an oxidizing gas that is, an oxygen gas humidified by a humidifier (not shown) is supplied to gas flow paths F1 and F2 (see FIG. 2) of the second gas flow path forming body 22 through the introduction path R1.
- the oxidizing gas is diffused by passing through the second gas diffusion layer 20 in the gas flow paths F ⁇ b> 1 and F ⁇ b> 2, and is uniformly supplied to the electrode catalyst layer 18.
- an electrode reaction occurs in the MEA 15 to generate power.
- desired power is output from the fuel cell stack 11 constituted by the plurality of stacked power generation cells 12.
- a part of the fuel gas that was not used during power generation is discharged from the gas flow paths T1 and T2 of the first gas flow path forming body 21 to the outside of the battery stack 11 through the lead-out path M2 as fuel off-gas.
- the oxidizing gas that has not been used in the power generation is discharged from the first and second gas flow paths F1 and F2 to the outside of the battery stack 11 through the outlet passage R2 as an oxidizing off gas.
- water is generated in the gas flow paths F1 and F2 of the second gas flow path forming body 22 on the cathode side.
- This generated water is discharged into the outlet passage R2 by the flow pressure of the oxidizing gas flowing in the first and second gas flow paths F1, F2 together with the humidified water.
- Part of the generated water permeates the second electrode catalyst layer 18, the solid electrolyte membrane 16, the first electrode catalyst layer 17, and the first gas diffusion layer 19 on the cathode side, and the first gas flow path forming body 21.
- This permeated water is discharged to the outlet passage M2 by the flow pressure of the fuel gas flowing in the gas flow paths T1, T2 together with the humidified water.
- the generated water and the humidified water in the first and second gas flow paths F1 and F2 of the cathode-side second gas flow path forming body 22 are transferred to the oxidizing gas lead-out path R2 by the flow pressure of the oxidizing gas. It is discharged towards.
- the remaining generated water and humidified water tend to adhere to the inner wall surfaces of the first and second gas flow paths F1, F2.
- the passage sectional area S1 of the first gas flow path F1 is set narrow. Therefore, the generated water and the humidified water are likely to remain due to the surface tension, and the staying water W tends to remain attached to the inner wall surface of the first gas flow path F1 in a wide range as shown in FIG. .
- the passage sectional area S2 of the second gas passage F2 is set wider than the passage sectional area S1 of the first gas passage F1. For this reason, in the second gas flow path F2, the remaining water W hardly remains and is swept away by the flow pressure of the oxidizing gas, and hardly remains in the second gas flow path F2. For this reason, the supply of the oxidizing gas to the second electrode catalyst layer 18 corresponding to the first gas flow path F1 blocked by the staying water W is insufficient, and power generation is partially disabled. However, the supply of the oxidizing gas to the second electrode catalyst layer 18 is appropriately performed by the second gas flow path F2, and a decrease in power generation efficiency is suppressed.
- the permeated water and the humidified water in the first and second gas flow paths T1, T2 of the first gas flow path forming body 21 on the anode side are directed toward the fuel gas outlet passage M2 by the flow pressure of the fuel gas. Discharged. The remaining permeated water and humidified water tend to adhere to the inner wall surfaces of the first and second gas flow paths T1, T2.
- the passage cross-sectional area S1 of the first gas flow path T1 is set narrow, the permeated water and the humidified water become the retained water W due to the surface tension, and the inner wall surface of the first gas flow path T1 has a wide area. It tends to adhere and remain.
- the passage sectional area S2 of the second gas passage T2 is set wider than the passage sectional area S1 of the first gas passage T1, it is difficult to remain in the second gas passage T2, and the retained water W Is swept away by the flow pressure of the fuel gas and hardly remains in the second gas flow path T2. For this reason, the fuel gas is properly supplied to the first electrode catalyst layer 18 by the second gas flow path T2, and a decrease in power generation efficiency is suppressed.
- the passage sectional area S1 of the first gas passage T1 of the first gas passage forming body 21 is set to be narrow, and the passage sectional area S2 of the second gas passage T2 is equal to that of the first gas passage T1. It is set wider than the passage sectional area S1. Further, the passage cross-sectional area S1 of the first gas flow path F1 of the second gas flow path forming body 22 is set to be narrow, and the passage cross-sectional area S2 of the second gas flow path F2 is the passage of the first gas flow path F1. It is set wider than the cross-sectional area S1.
- the permeated water, the humidified water, the generated water, and the humidified water adhere to the first gas channel T1 on the anode side and the first gas channel F1 on the cathode side as the retained water W.
- the staying water W can be prevented from adhering to the second gas flow path T2 and the second gas flow path F2. For this reason, it is suppressed that the supply of the fuel gas to the 1st gas diffusion layer 19 and the 1st electrode catalyst layer 17, and the supply of the oxidizing gas to the 2nd gas diffusion layer 20 and the 2nd electrode catalyst layer 18 are reduced. Thus, a decrease in power generation efficiency can be prevented.
- the first gas flow path forming body 21 includes a flat plate 25, and a plurality of first protrusions 26 a and a plurality of second protrusions are provided at a number of locations in the flat plate 25.
- the portion 26b is cut and raised.
- Each of the first protrusion 26a and the second protrusion 26b is a protrusion for forming the gas flow path T and protrudes toward the first gas diffusion layer 19 (see FIG. 7).
- Each of the first protrusions 26 a and the second protrusions 26 b comes into contact with the first gas diffusion layer 19, so that a gas flow path T for fuel gas is provided between the flat plate member 25 and the first gas diffusion layer 19. Is formed.
- the gas flow path T also functions as the flow path space 13a.
- the first protrusion 26a When viewed from the direction Q perpendicular to the gas flow direction P1, the first protrusion 26a has a semicircular shape. Since the second protrusion 26b has a flat trapezoidal shape, the contact area between the second protrusion 26b and the second gas diffusion layer 20 is wide.
- the flat plate member 25 is formed with a plurality of small and low third protrusions 27 so as to correspond to the first and second protrusions 26a and 26b and to be located upstream in the gas flow direction P1. Yes.
- Each of the third protrusions 27 is a protrusion for forming the water flow path 28 and is extrusion-molded so as to protrude toward the first separator 23 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7.
- a plurality of water flow paths 28 are formed between the flat plate material 25 and the first separator 23.
- Each of the first protrusion 26a and the second protrusion 26b is formed with a communication hole 29 penetrating the first and second protrusions 26a, 26b along a direction Q perpendicular to the gas flow direction P1. Yes.
- the communication holes 29 are opened at two locations on the left and right sides of each first protrusion 26a and at two locations on the left and right sides of each second protrusion 26b when viewed from the gas flow direction P1. Is formed.
- the gas channel T and the water channel 28 communicate with each other through the communication hole 29.
- the semi-circular first protrusions 26a are arranged at a predetermined pitch along the gas flow direction P1, as shown in FIGS.
- the flat trapezoidal second protrusions 26b are linearly arranged at a predetermined pitch along the gas flow direction P1.
- the pair of first and second protrusions 26a and 26b adjacent to the direction Q perpendicular to the gas flow direction P1 is connected to the center O2 of the second protrusion 26b with respect to the gas flow direction P1.
- the one protrusion 26a is arranged so that the centers O1 thereof coincide with each other.
- the gas flow path T includes a belt-like straight gas flow path Ts having a small gas flow resistance between the belt-shaped flat plate portion 25a and the first separator 23.
- the gas flow path T includes a meandering gas flow path Td having a large gas flow resistance separately from the straight gas flow path Ts.
- the meandering gas flow path Td is formed by a meandering flat plate portion 25 b formed between the first protrusion 26 a and the second protrusion 26 b and the first separator 23.
- the second gas flow path forming body 22 on the cathode side has the same configuration as the first gas flow path forming body 21 as shown in FIG. 6, but the flow direction P2 of the oxidizing gas is the flow directions P1 and 90 of the fuel gas. ° Different. That is, the flow direction P2 of the oxidizing gas is orthogonal to the flow direction P1 of the fuel gas in the first gas flow path forming body 21.
- the gas flow path F corresponding to the gas flow path T of the second gas flow path forming body 22 includes the straight gas flow path Fs corresponding to the straight gas flow path Ts and the meandering gas flow path Fd corresponding to the meandering gas flow path Td. However, the description will be omitted by attaching each reference numeral.
- the height of the portion of the first protrusion 26a and the second protrusion 26b that protrudes from the belt-like flat plate portion 25a in other words, the straight gas flow path Ts (Fs) and the meandering gas flow path Td.
- the depth of (Fd) is set in the range of 30 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, desirably in the range of 30 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, for example, set to 200 ⁇ m.
- the height of the portion of the third protrusion 27 protruding from the belt-like flat plate portion 25a, in other words, the depth of the water flow path 28 is set in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, for example, 30 ⁇ m. .
- each water flow path 28 is formed in a slit shape, and the depth of each water flow path 28 is formed shallower than the depth of the straight gas flow path Ts (Fs) and the meandering gas flow path Td (Fd). Water in the straight gas flow path Ts (Fs) and the meandering gas flow path Td (Fd) is easily sucked into the water flow path 28 through the communication hole 29 by the capillary action of the water flow path 28 in the form of a tube.
- the width D of the strip-shaped flat plate portion 25a shown in FIG. 8 is set to 100 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, and the width E of the flat plate portion 25b is set to 50 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
- This stagnant water W is pushed by the flow pressure of the fuel gas, and most of the fuel gas enters the inside of the second protrusion 26b through the communication hole 29 of the second protrusion 26b, and due to the capillary action of the water channel 28.
- the water channel 28 is entered.
- the water that has entered the water flow path 28 is moved downstream by the flow pressure of the fuel gas.
- the first and second gas flow path forming bodies 21 and 22 have a low pressure loss and a straight gas flow path Ts (Fs) that can prevent the staying water from adhering, and a high pressure loss.
- two types of flow paths, meandering gas flow paths Td (Fd), to which staying water easily adheres are formed. Therefore, even if the stagnant water remains in the meandering gas flow path Td (Fd) and the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas are not supplied to a part of the electrode catalyst layers 17 and 18, the straight gas flow path Ts (Fs) The fuel gas and the oxidizing gas are supplied to the electrode catalyst layers 17 and 18. For this reason, it can prevent that power generation efficiency falls. In addition, it is possible to prevent the power generation cell 12 from being unable to generate power and to prevent power generation from being stopped by the fuel cell stack 11 in advance.
- a plurality of water flow paths 28 are formed between the flat plate member 25 of the first gas flow path forming body 21 on the anode side and the first separator 23.
- the depth of each water channel 28 is set shallower than the depth of the gas channel T.
- the permeated water and the humidified water in the gas flow path T formed between the flat plate material 25 and the first gas diffusion layer 19 are flown by capillary action through the communication hole 29 formed in the first protrusion 26. Guided to path 28.
- the permeated water and the humidified water introduced into the water flow path 28 are discharged toward the fuel gas outlet passage M2 by the flow pressure of the fuel gas.
- the water in the water flow path 28 is discharged to the fuel gas outlet passage M2.
- the water in the water flow path 28 is discharged to the fuel gas outlet passage M2.
- a plurality of water flow paths 28 are provided between the flat plate material 25 of the second gas flow path forming body 22 on the cathode side and the second separator 24. Therefore, the generated water and the humidified water in the gas flow path F of the cathode-side second gas flow path forming body 22 are discharged toward the oxidizing gas lead-out path R2 by the water flow path 28. Thereby, it is suppressed that generated water and humidified water remain in the gas flow path F of the 2nd gas flow path formation body 22, and the pressure loss by the generated water of the oxidizing gas which flows through the gas flow path F is reduced. Therefore, power generation efficiency is improved. In addition, since the oxidizing gas is properly supplied to the electrode catalyst layer 18 and the oxidizing gas deficiency state is avoided, the power generation efficiency is improved.
- the inner circumferential surface of the inner space of the first protrusion 26 is formed as a semicircular arc surface as shown in FIGS. Therefore, the permeated water and the generated water generated in the gas flow paths Ts (Fs) and Td (Fd) enter the inner space of the first protrusion 26 and are stably held as the retained water W, and the first protrusion
- the water retention of 26 can be improved. That is, the stagnant water W adhering to the surfaces of the first and second gas diffusion layers 19, 20 tends to be spherical due to surface tension, and therefore easily flows into the semi-cylindrical inner space of the first protrusion 26. Become.
- the growth of the accumulated water W on the surfaces of the first and second gas diffusion layers 19 and 20 is suppressed, the shortage of gas supply due to water is eliminated, and the power generation performance is improved. Further, when the power generation of the fuel cell is stopped with the staying water W attached to the surfaces of the first and second gas diffusion layers 19 and 20, the first and second gas diffusion layers 19 and 20 are locally absorbed by water. to degrade. In this embodiment, this deterioration can be prevented and the durability of the diffusion layers 19 and 20 can be improved.
- a throttle portion for increasing the flow rate of the fuel gas may be formed.
- the downstream end edge 21e of the first gas flow path forming body 21, that is, the downstream opening of the water flow path 28 is extended to the side wall of the outlet passage M2.
- a ridge portion 13b is provided on the wall surface facing the downstream end edge 21e in the lead-out passage M2.
- the protruding portion 13b and the end edge 21e form a throttle portion 41 located in the vicinity of the opening on the downstream side of the water flow path 28.
- the passage cross-sectional area of the lead-out passage M2 in the throttle portion 41 becomes narrow, and the flow rate of the fuel gas in the throttle portion 41 increases.
- the water present in the water flow path 28 is sucked out into the lead-out passage M2 by the venturi effect of the fuel gas having a high flow velocity flowing through the throttle portion 41, so that the drainage is performed more appropriately.
- a throttle portion for increasing the flow rate of the oxidizing gas may be formed in the outlet passage R2 for the oxidizing gas.
- a drain hole 35 may be formed in the second separator 24 as shown in FIG. 10, and a gas passage 22e may be provided at a position corresponding to the drain hole 35.
- the gas passage 22e and the drain hole 35 are communicated with the oxidizing gas outlet passage R2 through the communication passage 36, and serve as an oxidizing gas passage.
- the gas passage 22e and the drain hole 35 function as a throttle portion 41 for increasing the flow rate of the oxidizing gas.
- the water in the water flow path 28 is appropriately sucked out into the communication path 36 by the venturi effect of the oxidizing gas having a high flow velocity flowing through the throttle portion 41, and the drainage is performed more appropriately.
- a throttle portion for increasing the flow rate of the fuel gas may be formed in the fuel gas outlet passage M2.
- the depths d1 and d2 of the first and second straight grooves 21c and 21d of the first gas flow path forming body 21 may be set to be different from each other. Thereby, the passage cross-sectional area S1 of the first gas flow path T1 is set narrow and the gas flow resistance increases, and the passage cross-sectional area S2 of the second gas flow path T2 is set wide and the gas flow resistance decreases. .
- the first gas channel T1 is a meandering gas channel Td having a large gas flow resistance in a plan view
- the second gas channel T2 is a gas flow resistance in a plan view. It may be a small straight gas flow path Ts.
- the widths w1 and w2 of the first and second straight grooves 21c and 21d and the first and second straight grooves 22c and 22d may be the same.
- the water channel 28 may be provided only on the anode side. According to such a configuration, the supply of fuel gas to the first electrode catalyst layer 17 on the anode side can be suppressed from being reduced, the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell can be improved, and the second on the anode side. The durability of the gas flow path forming body 22 and the electrode catalyst layer 18 on the cathode side can be improved. Further, the water channel 28 may be provided only on the cathode side. With such a configuration, it is possible to suppress a reduction in the supply of the oxidizing gas to the second electrode catalyst layer 18 on the cathode side, and it is possible to improve the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell.
- a plurality of straight gas passages having a large passage cross-sectional area and a plurality of meandering gas passages having a small passage cross-sectional area may be appropriately combined.
- the passage cross-sectional area of the gas flow path may be changed in three stages or more, for example.
- the passage cross-sectional area may be changed alternately or regularly, or may be changed irregularly.
- a groove for allowing cooling water to pass through the first and second separators 23 and 24 of the power generation cell 12 may be formed.
- the first gas flow path forming body 21 and the first separator 23 on the anode side may be integrally formed.
- the first frame 13 and the first separator 23 may be integrally formed of a metal material, for example, by forging.
- the second gas channel forming body 22 on the cathode side and the second separator 24 may be integrally formed. Further, the frame 14 and the second separator 24 may be integrally formed of a metal material, for example, by forging.
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Abstract
Description
第1ガス流路はガスの流動抵抗の小さいストレート状のガス流路であり、第2ガス流路は第1ガス流路の流動抵抗より大きい流動抵抗を有する蛇行したガス流路であることが好ましい。
本発明において、発電時に生成された浸透水及び加湿水が複数のガス流路ののうちの流動抵抗の大きいガス流路に滞留水となって付着する。しかし、流動抵抗の小さいガス流路には残留することは殆どないので、電極触媒層へのガスの供給が適正に行われる。このため、電極触媒層へのガスの供給が阻害される領域を低減し、発電効率の低下を抑制することができる。
以下、本発明の第1実施形態に係る燃料電池を図1~図4及び図13に従って説明する。
図1に示すように、各発電セル12は、四角枠状の第1及び第2フレーム13,14と、同第1及び第2フレーム13,14内に配置された電極構造体としての膜電極接合体(MEA:Membrane-Electrode-Assembly)15とを備えている。第1及び第2フレーム13,14は、合成ゴム等の合成樹脂からなる。第1フレーム13の内側には燃料ガスの流路空間13aが区画されており、第2フレーム14の内側には酸化ガスの流路空間14aが区画されている。前記MEA15は、第1及び第2フレーム13,14間に配設されている。
図2において、図示しない加湿器によって加湿された燃料ガス、即ち水素ガスは、前記導入通路M1から前記第1ガス流路形成体21のガス流路T1,T2(図1参照)内に供給され、矢印方向に沿って流れる。燃料ガスは、ガス流路T1,T2内において第1ガス拡散層19を通過することによって拡散されて、第1電極触媒層17に均一に供給される。図1において、図示しない加湿器によって加湿された酸化ガス、即ち酸素ガスは、前記導入通路R1を通して、前記第2ガス流路形成体22のガス流路F1,F2(図2参照)に供給され、矢印方向に沿って流れる。酸化ガスは、ガス流路F1,F2内において第2ガス拡散層20を通過することによって拡散されて、電極触媒層18に均一に供給される。燃料ガスと酸化ガスとの供給により、MEA15において電極反応が生じ、発電が行われる。その結果、積層された複数の発電セル12によって構成された燃料電池スタック11から、所望の電力が出力される。
(1)第1ガス流路形成体21の第1ガス流路T1の通路断面積S1が狭く設定されるとともに、第2ガス流路T2の通路断面積S2が、第1ガス流路T1の通路断面積S1より広く設定されている。又、第2ガス流路形成体22の第1ガス流路F1の通路断面積S1が狭く設定されるとともに、第2ガス流路F2の通路断面積S2が、第1ガス流路F1の通路断面積S1より広く設定されている。このため、前述したように、アノード側の第1ガス流路T1及びカソード側の第1ガス流路F1には浸透水及び加湿水及び生成水及び加湿水が滞留水Wとなって付着するが、第2ガス流路T2及び第2ガス流路F2に滞留水Wが付着することを防止することができる。このため、第1ガス拡散層19及び第1電極触媒層17への燃料ガスの供給、並びに第2ガス拡散層20及び第2電極触媒層18への酸化ガスの供給が低減されることを抑制して、発電効率の低下を防止することができる。
(第2実施形態)
次に、本発明の第2実施形態に係る燃料電池を図5~図8に基づいて説明する。以下に示す各実施形態において、前述した第1実施形態と同様の機能を有する部材については、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略し、第1実施形態との異なる構成、作用及び効果を中心に説明する。
図7において、発電の際に導入通路M1から図5及び図8に示すストレートガス流路Tsに供給された加湿水を含む燃料ガスの大部分は、図8に破線の矢印で示すように直進し、一部の燃料ガスが左右の第2突部26bの上流側の表面に当たる。この表面に当たった燃料ガスに含まれる加湿水及び浸透水は滞留水Wとなって該表面に付着して成長する。この滞留水Wは燃料ガスの流動圧力によって押されて、その燃料ガスの大部分が第2突部26bの連通孔29を通して第2突部26bの内部に進入し、水流路28の毛細管作用により該水流路28に進入する。この水流路28に進入した水は、燃料ガスの流動圧力によって、下流側に移動される。
(1)第1及び第2ガス流路形成体21,22には、圧力損失が低く、かつ滞留水の付着を防止することができるストレートガス流路Ts(Fs)と、圧力損失が高く、かつ滞留水が付着し易い蛇行ガス流路Td(Fd)の2種類の流路が形成されている。このため、蛇行ガス流路Td(Fd)に滞留水が残留して、燃料ガス及び酸化ガスが電極触媒層17,18の一部に供給されない状態となっても、ストレートガス流路Ts(Fs)から燃料ガス及び酸化ガスが電極触媒層17,18に供給される。このため、発電効率が低下することを防止することができる。又、発電セル12が発電不能になることを防止して、燃料電池スタック11による発電の停止を未然に防止することができる。
(変形例)
なお、本発明は以下のような実施形態に変更してもよい。
・前記ガス流路の通路断面積が例えば三段階以上に変化されてもよい。通路断面積は交互或いは規則性をもって変化されてもよいし、不規則に変化されてもよい。
・カソード側のみに前記水流路28を設けた燃料電池において、アノード側の第1ガス流路形成体21と第1セパレータ23とが一体的に形成されていてもよい。又、第1フレーム13と第1セパレータ23とが金属材料により例えば鍛造により一体的に形成されていてもよい。
Claims (6)
- アノード面及びカソード面を有する電解質膜と、
前記電解質膜の前記アノード面上及び前記カソード面上にそれぞれ積層された一対の電極触媒層と、
前記一対の電極触媒層上にそれぞれ積層された一対のガス流路形成体と、
前記各ガス流路形成体に形成されるとともに、第1ガス流路及び第2ガス流路を含む複数のガス流路と、
前記一対のガス流路形成体に一体又は別体にそれぞれ設けられた一対のセパレータと、
前記複数のガス流路に燃料ガス及び酸化ガスをそれぞれ導入する一対の導入通路と、
前記複数のガス流路から燃料オフガス及び酸化オフガスをそれぞれ導出する一対の導出通路とを備えた燃料電池において、
前記各ガス流路形成体における前記第1ガス流路及び第2ガス流路の間に流動抵抗の差を生じるように、前記第1ガス流路及び第2ガス流路の形状が設定されていることを特徴とする燃料電池。 - 請求項1において、前記複数のガス流路が並設され、前記第1ガス流路及び第2ガス流路の通路断面積が互いに異なるように設定されていることを特徴とする燃料電池。
- 請求項1において、前記第1ガス流路はガスの流動抵抗の小さいストレート状のガス流路であり、前記第2ガス流路は前記第1ガス流路の流動抵抗より大きい流動抵抗を有する蛇行したガス流路であることを特徴とする燃料電池。
- 請求項1において、前記各ガス流路形成体の表面には、前記一対のセパレータのうちの対応するセパレータが接触し、
前記各ガス流路形成体は、
平板部と、
該平板部に一体に成形されるとともに、前記複数のガス流路を形成するための複数の突部とを備え、
前記セパレータと前記平板部との間に複数の水流路が形成され、前記各水流路と前記複数のガス流路のうち少なくとも一つのガス流路とは、前記ガス流路形成体に形成された連通孔により連通され、前記各水流路の深さは、前記各ガス流路の深さよりも小さく設定され、前記燃料ガスと前記酸化ガスとの反応によって生成される水が前記各ガス流路から前記連通孔を通して毛管作用により前記水流路に吸い込まれて、ガスの流動圧力によって前記導出通路に排出されることを特徴とする燃料電池。 - 請求項4において、前記導出通路は内壁を有し、前記各水流路は前記ガスの流れ方向の下流側に開口部を有し、前記開口部は前記導出通路の前記内壁まで延び、前記導出通路において前記各水流路の開口部と対応する位置にガスの流速を高めるための絞り部が形成されていることを特徴とする燃料電池。
- 請求項4において、前記ガス流路形成体の平板部及び前記セパレータの前記各水流路の前記ガスの流れ方向の下流側の部分に、前記平板部及び前記セパレータを貫通するガス通路が形成され、該ガス通路は、前記導出通路に連通されて、ガスの流速を高めるための絞り部として機能することを特徴とする燃料電池。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20120301810A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
DE112010005161T5 (de) | 2013-01-10 |
JP2011150801A (ja) | 2011-08-04 |
CN102725896A (zh) | 2012-10-10 |
DE112010005161B4 (de) | 2017-07-27 |
JP5560728B2 (ja) | 2014-07-30 |
CN102725896B (zh) | 2015-08-05 |
US9065090B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 |
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