WO2011070749A1 - Appareil de soudage par friction-malaxage et procédé associé - Google Patents

Appareil de soudage par friction-malaxage et procédé associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011070749A1
WO2011070749A1 PCT/JP2010/007029 JP2010007029W WO2011070749A1 WO 2011070749 A1 WO2011070749 A1 WO 2011070749A1 JP 2010007029 W JP2010007029 W JP 2010007029W WO 2011070749 A1 WO2011070749 A1 WO 2011070749A1
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Prior art keywords
temperature
tool
joining
friction stir
welding
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PCT/JP2010/007029
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
良司 大橋
藤本　光生
Original Assignee
川崎重工業株式会社
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Publication date
Application filed by 川崎重工業株式会社 filed Critical 川崎重工業株式会社
Priority to EP10835676.7A priority Critical patent/EP2511038B1/fr
Priority to CN201080054865.6A priority patent/CN102665998B/zh
Priority to US13/513,101 priority patent/US8528803B2/en
Priority to KR1020127013160A priority patent/KR101288475B1/ko
Publication of WO2011070749A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011070749A1/fr
Priority to US13/957,504 priority patent/US8757470B2/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/1205—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using translation movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/121—Control circuits therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/1215—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1225—Particular aspects of welding with a non-consumable tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
    • B23K20/1235—Controlling or monitoring the welding process with temperature control during joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/125—Rotary tool drive mechanism
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/126—Workpiece support, i.e. backing or clamping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1265—Non-butt welded joints, e.g. overlap-joints, T-joints or spot welds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/127—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding friction stir welding involving a mechanical connection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a friction stir welding apparatus and method for joining a plurality of steel members.
  • friction stir welding (FSW; Friction Stir Welding) is known as a method of joining a plurality of steel members.
  • FSW Friction Stir Welding
  • This friction stir welding the periphery of the welded part is softened by frictional heat by pressing the protrusion provided at the tip of the welding tool against the welded part of the member to be joined while rotating.
  • This is a method of joining a plurality of steel members by stirring and softening the softened portion of the steel plate and cooling the welded portion away from the joining tool.
  • Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 disclose an apparatus or method for performing spot welding using the friction stir welding.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a friction stirrer that softens a welded part with laser light before immersing the welded tool in the welded part to reduce wear on the protrusions of the welded tool.
  • the friction stirring which controls operation
  • a joining method is disclosed.
  • a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the joined portion is provided on a receiving member that is disposed on the opposite side of the joining tool via the joined portion and receives pressure from the joining tool.
  • processing conditions such as the rotation speed and pressing force of the welding tool are adjusted.
  • the A3 transformation point is the temperature at which the metal structure transforms to austenite.
  • a joining tool will be pulled out from a to-be-joined part.
  • the A1 transformation point is the eutectoid temperature.
  • the welding tool wears during the bonding process, so that the welding tool is quickly immersed in the welded part, and the temperature of the welding tool may increase excessively. If the temperature of the welding tool is excessively increased, the life of the welding tool itself is reduced, and the replacement frequency of the welding tool is increased, which is not economical. In addition, when bonding is performed using a bonding tool that has been worn too much, bonding failure may occur. In order to solve such a problem, it is desirable to manage the temperature state of the joining tool during the joining process.
  • the temperature of the bonded portion during bonding is lower than the temperature of the bonding tool. If the temperature of the bonded portion reaches the A3 transformation point (about 900 ° C.), the actual temperature of the bonding tool exceeds 1200 ° C. Therefore, the friction welding method described in Patent Document 2 may lead to a reduction in the life of the welding tool.
  • the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and is a friction stir welding apparatus and a friction stir welding method that includes a welding tool and performs friction stir welding of objects to be joined.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a device for monitoring the temperature of a welding tool at the time of joining so as not to unnecessarily reduce the service life.
  • a friction stir welding apparatus includes a joining tool having a protrusion that contacts a joined portion of an object to be joined at a tip, a rotation driving unit that rotates the joining tool around an axis, and the joining tool in an axial direction. And a moving means for moving the bonding tool, and the bonding tool abutting on the opposite side of the bonding tool to the bonding tool during bonding in which the bonding tool moves while rotating and presses the bonded portion of the bonding object.
  • the friction stir welding method including according to the present invention includes a friction stir heat generated by pressing a part to be joined supported by a backing member with a joining tool that rotates around an axis.
  • a friction stir welding method in which at least a part of the welding tool is submerged in the softened portion and stirred to frictionally join the welded portion in a solid state, the backing member
  • the temperature of the temperature measurement point provided in the step is detected from the detected temperature of the temperature measurement point based on the correlation between the temperature of the welding tool and the temperature of the backing member set in advance. Calculating the temperature of the welding tool.
  • the temperature detection means for indirectly detecting the temperature of the welding tool is provided on the backing member instead of the rotating welding tool, the wiring of the temperature detection means in the apparatus is simple and the apparatus becomes complicated. And it doesn't become huge.
  • control means forcibly terminates the joining process when the temperature of the welding tool reaches a preset upper limit temperature.
  • a step of comparing the temperature of the welding tool with a preset upper limit temperature, and a step of forcibly terminating the bonding process when the temperature of the welding tool reaches the upper limit temperature May be further included.
  • the joining process is forcibly terminated when the estimated temperature of the joining tool reaches the upper limit temperature. Therefore, since it is possible to prevent overheating of the joining tool, the joining tool can be used without shortening its life. In addition, since the overheating of the joining tool is caused by the wear of the joining tool, it is possible to prevent a joining failure from occurring due to joining processing performed by the worn joining tool.
  • the control unit when the temperature of the welding tool reaches a preset upper limit temperature, the control unit is configured to perform the bonding processing time and the bonding so that the temperature of the welding tool becomes equal to or lower than the upper limit temperature. It is preferable to change any one or a combination of the number of rotations of the tool and the pressing force of the welding tool against the bonded portion.
  • the step of comparing the temperature of the welding tool with a preset upper limit temperature, and the temperature of the welding tool reaches the upper limit temperature when the temperature of the welding tool reaches the upper limit temperature.
  • the method further includes a step of changing any one or a combination of a bonding processing time, a rotation speed of the bonding tool, and a pressing force of the bonding tool with respect to the bonded portion so as to be as follows. .
  • the processing conditions of the joining process are adjusted so that the joining tool does not exceed the upper limit temperature, overheating of the joining tool is prevented in advance, and the joining tool can be used so as not to shorten its life. .
  • the temperature monitoring means measures a peak temperature arrival time from the start of joining processing until the temperature of the welding tool reaches a peak, and the control means reaches the peak temperature.
  • the step of measuring the peak temperature arrival time from the start of the joining process until the temperature of the welding tool reaches the peak, and the peak temperature arrival time of the preset normal value It is preferable to further include a step of forcibly terminating the joining process when out of the range.
  • the temperature measurement point may be disposed on an extension line of a rotation axis of the welding tool. Furthermore, in the friction stir welding apparatus, the temperature measurement point T is located within 0.3 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less from the surface of the backing member that is in contact with the workpiece to be joined. Good to be located in. Thereby, the temperature detection means and the welding tool do not directly interfere with each other, and the temperature change of the welding tool can be captured more accurately by the temperature detection means.
  • the temperature of the welding tool is estimated from the temperature detected by the temperature detecting means provided on the backing member of the welding tool during friction stir welding, and the temperature of the welding tool is calculated based on the estimated temperature of the welding tool. Can be monitored.
  • the temperature change of the welding tool it is possible to know the temperature status of the welding tool and take measures to prevent overheating of the welding tool. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of poor bonding.
  • the information regarding the temperature change of the obtained joining tool can be used to guarantee the quality of each joining point of the objects to be joined.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall schematic configuration of a friction stir welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a state of the joining tool and the support during joining.
  • FIG. 3 is a chart showing the temperature relationship between the pin portion of the joining tool and the backing portion of the backing member during joining.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the flow of processing of the control device.
  • FIG. 5 is a chart showing temporal changes in the temperature of the pin portion of the joining tool during joining.
  • the friction stir welding apparatus 1 includes a welding tool 4 that rotates about an axis.
  • the friction stir welding apparatus 1 presses the welding tool 4 against the bonded portion 3 of the workpiece 2 while rotating it, softens the bonded portion 3 and its periphery by frictional heat, and joins the softened bonded portion 3 to the softened bonded portion 3.
  • a part of 4 is immersed, and the welded part 3 softened by the rotation of the welding tool 4 and its periphery are stirred and plastically flowed.
  • the bonded portion 3 is cooled and hardened, the bonded portion 3 of the bonded object 2 becomes a bonded portion solid-phase bonded.
  • the to-be-joined object 2 is a several thing which consists of a material which can be joined by friction stir welding.
  • the workpiece 2 according to the present embodiment is two steel plates 2a and 2b that are overlapped.
  • the friction stir welding apparatus 1 includes a base 12, a moving body 15 provided so as to be capable of reciprocating in the direction of the axis L ⁇ b> 1 with respect to the base 12, a tool holder 16 provided at a lower end portion of the moving body 15, and a tool holding A rotating rod 17 provided rotatably at the lower end of the body 16 and a joining tool 4 provided on the rotating rod 17 are provided.
  • the friction stir welding apparatus 1 may further include an inert gas supply unit that supplies an inert gas toward the welding tool 4.
  • the joining tool 4 has a frustoconical or columnar pin part 48 (projection part) at the tip, and is made of hard ceramics (for example, silicon nitride).
  • the joining tool 4 is detachably attached to the rotating rod 17 so that it can be replaced with a new joining tool 4 when the joining tool 4 is worn.
  • the base 12 is provided with a linear movement drive unit 13 and a rotation drive unit 14.
  • the linear movement drive unit 13 that is a means for moving the moving body 15 can reciprocate the moving body 15 in the direction of the axis L1.
  • the linear movement drive unit 13 includes a servo motor and power transmission means for transmitting the rotational force of the servo motor to the moving body 15 as a linear moving force along the axis L1.
  • the rotation driving unit 14 that is a rotation driving means of the rotation rod 17 can rotate the rotation rod 17 around the axis L2 (rotation axis).
  • the rotation drive unit 14 includes a servo motor and a rotation power transmission means for transmitting the rotation force of the servo motor to the rotation rod 17 as rotation about the axis L2.
  • the axis L1 and the axis L2 are substantially parallel.
  • the friction stir welding apparatus 1 is attached to, for example, the wrist 9 of the robot arm 8 of the multi-joint robot 7 in order to move the welding tool 4 to a position suitable for the bonding process with respect to the bonded portion 3 of the workpiece 2.
  • the friction stir welding apparatus 1 includes a connection frame 11 and a bending arm 19 in order to detachably attach the apparatus to the wrist 9 of the robot arm 8 of the articulated robot 7.
  • One side of the connection frame 11 is fixed to the wrist 9 of the robot arm 8, and the other side is fixed to the base 12 of the friction stir welding apparatus 1.
  • the bending arm 19 has a shape bent in a substantially L shape, and its upper end is fixed to the base 12, and its lower end is taken out below the welding tool 4, and a support base 20 is provided here.
  • the support table 20 includes a backing member 21 on an extension line of the rotation axis (axis line L2) of the welding tool 4.
  • the backing member 21 abuts on the opposite side to the joining tool 4 of the joined part 3 when the joining tool 4 moves while rotating and presses the joined part 3 of the article 2 to be joined.
  • the object to be joined 2 that receives pressure from the tool 4 is supported.
  • the backing member 21 includes a substantially cylindrical backing part 31 and a holder part 32 that accommodates the backing part 31.
  • At least the backing portion 31 of the backing member 21 is made of a hard ceramic such as silicon nitride.
  • the backing portion 31 is accommodated in the holder portion 32 with one end face exposed. One end surface of the backing portion 31 faces the pin portion 48 of the welding tool 4.
  • the backing member 21 supports the workpiece 2 by coming into contact with the bonded portion 3 of the workpiece 2 from the back side at one end surface of the backing portion 31.
  • one end surface of the backing portion 31 that comes into contact with the workpiece 2 is referred to as an “upper surface”, and an end surface opposite to the upper surface is referred to as a “bottom surface”.
  • a detection hole 31a having a diameter of about 2.0 mm that is open to the bottom surface is formed.
  • the detection hole 31a is located on an extension line of the rotation axis (axis line L2) of the welding tool 4.
  • the bottom of the detection hole 31 a is separated from the upper surface of the backing portion 31 by about 0.3 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less.
  • the bottom of the detection hole 31a is a temperature measurement point T for detecting the temperature of the welding tool 4 indirectly.
  • the friction stir welding apparatus 1 includes a thermocouple 34 and a temperature measuring device 35 as temperature detection means for the temperature measurement point T.
  • the thermocouple 34 is connected to a temperature measuring device 35, and the temperature measuring device 35 is connected to a control device 22 described later.
  • the detection point 34 a of the thermocouple 34 is connected to a heat equalizing material 33 spread on the bottom of the detection hole 31 a of the backing portion 31.
  • the soaking material 33 is made of, for example, a good thermal / electrical conductor such as aluminum.
  • the detection point 34 a of the thermocouple 34 is preferably located on an extension line of the rotation axis (axis line L ⁇ b> 2) of the welding tool 4 in order to capture the temperature change of the welding tool 4 more accurately.
  • axis line L ⁇ b> 2 the extension line of the rotation axis
  • the temperature measuring device 35 includes a voltmeter, and detects the thermoelectromotive force generated at the cold junction (not shown) of the thermocouple 34 and the detection point 34a, and measures the temperature of the detection point 34a.
  • the temperature measuring device 35 transmits the measured temperature of the detection point 34a to the control device 22 described later.
  • the measured temperature of the detection point 34 a is the temperature of the temperature measurement point T in the backing member 21.
  • the temperature of the temperature measurement point T in the backing member 21 that is in contact with the workpiece 2 is used to indirectly detect the temperature of the welding tool 4.
  • thermocouple 34 is, for example, about a chromel-alumel thermocouple (K thermocouple).
  • K thermocouple chromel-alumel thermocouple
  • a detector that is relatively inexpensive and easily available can be used.
  • the thermocouple 34 and the temperature measuring device 35 can be connected by wire, thereby simplifying the wiring structure. Therefore, a significant increase in volume and weight due to the thermocouple 34 and the temperature measuring device 35 is suppressed.
  • the detection point 34 a of the thermocouple 34 is located in the backing member 21, the thermocouple 34 is not directly in contact with the bonded portion 3 or the bonding tool 4 and damaged.
  • the backing member 21 is less frequently replaced than the joining tool 4, complicated work such as disassembling the backing member 21 and rewiring the thermocouple 34 each time the apparatus is maintained is unnecessary. .
  • the friction stir welding apparatus 1 includes a control device 22.
  • the control device 22 includes a welding control unit 51 that controls the operation of the friction stir welding apparatus 1, a robot control unit 52 that controls the operation of the articulated robot 7, and a temperature monitoring unit that records and monitors the temperature state of the welding tool 4. 53 and each functional unit.
  • the control device 22 is a so-called computer, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory) that stores a program executed by the CPU and data used for these programs in a rewritable manner. , And RAM (Random Access Memory) that temporarily stores data during program execution.
  • the control device 22 Connected to the control device 22 are an input device 56 for inputting information such as commands and machining conditions to the control device 22, an output device 57 for outputting the processing results of the control device 22, and the like.
  • the control device 22 is electrically connected to the articulated robot 7, the linear movement drive unit 13, the rotation drive unit 14, and the temperature measuring device 35.
  • the control device 22 can exhibit the function as each of the functional units 51, 52, and 53 when a predetermined program is executed by the CPU.
  • the functions as the bonding control unit 51, the robot control unit 52, and the temperature monitoring unit 53 are mounted on one control device 22, but these are distributed and mounted on different computers. Also good.
  • the machining conditions are set in the control device 22 based on the material and thickness of the steel plates 2a and 2b to be joined.
  • the machining conditions include a target rotation speed (rotation speed), pressing force, maximum pushing amount (immersion amount to the joined portion 3), joining processing time (immersion time), and the like.
  • the target rotational speed of the joining tool 4 is 2000 rpm
  • the pressing force of the tool 4 can be 4440N.
  • the workpiece 2 is positioned so that the bonded portion 3 comes into contact with the upper surface of the backing portion 31 of the backing member 21.
  • the joining control unit 51 of the control device 22 causes the rotation driving unit 14 to rotate the rotating rod 17 and the joining tool 4 together.
  • the control device 22 causes the linear movement driving unit 13 to place the welding tool 4 on the axis L1 until the pin portion 48 comes into contact with the bonded portion 3 of the workpiece 2. Move along. As a result, the bonded portion 3 of the workpiece 2 is sandwiched and pressed between the pin portion 48 of the bonding tool 4 and the backing portion 31 of the backing member 21, and between the rotating pin portion 48. It is heated by the frictional heat generated in Eventually, the bonded portion 3 of the workpiece 2 and its periphery are softened by frictional heat.
  • the pin portion 48 of the welding tool 4 is immersed in the softened welded portion 3 by a predetermined amount and agitates the periphery thereof. As a result, plastic flow occurs in the bonded portion 3 of the workpiece 2.
  • the control device 22 causes the rotation driving unit 14 to reversely rotate the joining tool 4 and causes the linear movement driving unit 13 to attach the joining tool 4 to the workpiece 2. It moves to the direction pulled out from the to-be-joined part 3.
  • the welding tool 4 is pulled out from the bonded portion 3 of the workpiece 2, the bonded portion 3 is cooled and hardened, and the bonding of the bonded portion 3 is completed.
  • the temperature monitoring unit 53 of the control device 22 records the temperature history (change) of the welding tool 4 and monitors the temperature change of the welding tool 4.
  • the temperature monitoring unit 53 according to the present embodiment has both a temperature recording function and a monitoring function of the welding tool 4, but includes a temperature recording unit and a temperature monitoring unit separately from these functions. You can also.
  • FIG. 3 is a chart showing the temperature relationship between the pin part of the joining tool and the backing part of the backing member during joining.
  • the vertical axis represents the temperature
  • the horizontal axis represents the bonding processing time
  • the diamond mark represents the temperature of the pin portion 48 of the bonding tool 4
  • the square mark represents the backing portion 31 ( Strictly speaking, it represents the temperature at the bottom of the detection hole 31a.
  • friction stir welding is experimentally performed using the friction stir welding apparatus 1, and the pin portion 48 of the welding tool 4 is extracted from the bonded portion 3 of the workpiece 2 during the bonding process.
  • the temperature of the pin part 48 immediately after that and the temperature of the backing part 31 of the backing member 21 are respectively created from data obtained by measuring with a radiation thermometer. From the chart of FIG. 3, it is clear that the temperature of the pin portion 48 of the joining tool 4 and the temperature of the backing portion 31 of the backing member 21 have a correlation. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the temperature of the pin part 48 of the joining tool 4 at the time of joining by detecting the temperature of the backing part 31 of the backing member 21. For example, as shown in the chart of FIG. 3, information indicating the correlation between the temperature of the pin portion 48 of the bonding tool 4 and the temperature of the backing portion 31 of the backing member 21 (the temperature at the temperature measurement point T) (hereinafter referred to as the temperature measurement point T). (Referred to as “tool-measurement point temperature correlation data”) is obtained for each combination of the workpiece 2 and the pin portion 48 of the welding tool 4 by experiments, simulations, etc. Stored available.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the processing flow of the temperature monitoring unit 53 of the control device 22.
  • the temperature monitoring unit 53 of the control device 22 detects the temperature information (that is, the backing member 21) of the temperature measurement point T detected by the thermocouple 34 and the temperature measuring device 35 during the above-described joining process. Temperature information of the backing part 31) is acquired (step S1).
  • the temperature monitoring unit 53 calculates the estimated temperature of the bonding tool 4 (specifically, the pin portion 48 of the bonding tool 4) based on the acquired temperature at the temperature measurement point T and the tool-measurement point temperature correlation data. (Step S2).
  • the temperature monitoring unit 53 records the calculated temperature of the welding tool 4 in the memory or the database 54 (Step S3).
  • the temperature monitoring unit 53 calculates and records the temperature of the welding tool 4 continuously or intermittently at predetermined time intervals, so that the temperature of the recorded welding tool 4 is arranged in time series. 4 temperature histories are generated. Note that the temperature of the welding tool 4 recorded in the database 54 can be used to guarantee the bonding of the workpiece 2.
  • the temperature of the welding tool 4 during the joining process rises due to friction, but when the temperature rises to an abnormal level, the life of the welding tool 4 is shortened due to overheating. is not. Therefore, the temperature monitoring unit 53 of the control device 22 monitors the temperature change of the welding tool 4 as described below.
  • the temperature monitoring unit 53 of the control device 22 compares the temperature of the welding tool 4 recorded in the database 54 with a predetermined upper limit temperature (step S4).
  • the predetermined upper limit temperature is appropriately determined according to the welding tool 4 and stored in the control device 22 so as to be usable in advance.
  • the upper limit temperature that does not unnecessarily reduce the life of the joining tool 4 is set to about 850 ° C.
  • step S4 if the temperature of the welding tool 4 becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined upper limit temperature (YES in step S5), the temperature monitoring unit 53 issues a warning through the output device 57 (step S6).
  • the control part 51 is made to perform the predetermined
  • the predetermined treatment for preventing the joining tool 4 from being overheated is, for example, one of a treatment for forcibly terminating the joining processing or a treatment for appropriately adjusting the machining conditions.
  • the treatment for appropriately adjusting the processing conditions include a treatment for adjusting the output of the linear movement drive unit 13 to adjust the pressing force, and a rotation speed (number of rotations) of the welding tool 4 by adjusting the output of the rotation drive unit 14. Any one or a combination of a treatment for adjusting and a treatment for adjusting the joining processing time (immersion time of the joining tool 4) is included.
  • the joining process is forcibly terminated or the joining processing conditions are adjusted so that the joining tool 4 does not exceed the upper limit temperature. 4 overheating can be prevented in advance. Therefore, the joining tool 4 can be used so as not to shorten its life. Furthermore, since the overheating of the welding tool 4 is caused by an increase in the friction area due to the wear of the welding tool 4, it is possible to prevent a bonding failure from occurring due to the bonding process performed by the worn welding tool 4.
  • the bonding strength of the bonding portion of the workpiece 2 obtained by the bonding process may not be sufficient. Therefore, when the bonding tool 4 is worn to an unacceptable level. The welding tool 4 must be replaced.
  • FIG. 5 is a chart showing the change over time of the temperature of the welding tool during bonding.
  • the vertical axis represents the temperature of the welding tool
  • the horizontal axis represents the welding time
  • the solid line represents the temperature change of the welding tool when the friction is normal
  • the two-dot chain line is the welding tool when the friction is excessive. Represents the temperature change.
  • the temperature monitoring unit 53 is configured to manage the wear state in addition to the overheating state of the welding tool 4 by utilizing such a characteristic of the temperature change of the welding tool 4.
  • the temperature monitoring unit 53 of the control device 22 measures the peak temperature arrival time at which the temperature of the welding tool 4 reaches a predetermined peak temperature from the generated temperature history of the welding tool 4.
  • the temperature monitoring unit 53 issues a warning through the output device 57 and forcibly terminates the bonding process in the bonding control unit 51.
  • the friction stir welding apparatus 1 is used for spot joining the two steel plates 2a and 2b that are overlapped.
  • the joining target of the friction stir welding apparatus 1 is not limited to this, and for example, the workpiece 2 may be three or more steel plates stacked.
  • the joining form of the friction stir welding apparatus 1 is not limited to spot joining, and may be, for example, a form in which two steel plates are joined together.
  • the joining portion that extends linearly is backed by the backing member 21, temperature detection means is provided so that the temperature can be measured over the entire length of the backing member 21, and the joint detected indirectly by the temperature detection means.
  • the bonding tool 4 may be controlled based on the temperature of the tool 4.
  • the present invention is used in a friction stir welding apparatus suitable for joining workpieces made of steel materials such as general structural steel materials, structural structural steel materials, and steel plates for vehicles such as track vehicles and automobiles. be able to.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de soudage par friction-malaxage (1) dans lequel, au cours du soudage dans lequel un outil de soudage (4) se déplace tout en tournant et presse une pièce (3) à souder d'un objet (2) à souder, un point de mesure de température (T) est prévu sur un élément de soutien (21) qui met en appui le côté opposé de la pièce (3) à souder contre celui de l'outil de soudage (4) afin de soutenir l'objet (2) à souder. L'appareil de soudage par friction-malaxage (1) est en outre doté d'un thermocouple (34) et d'une jauge de température (35) permettant de détecter la température au point de mesure de température (T); un moyen de surveillance de la température (53) permettant de calculer la température estimée de l'outil de soudage (4) à partir de la température détectée au point de mesure de température (T), conformément à la corrélation entre une température prédéfinie de l'outil de soudage (4) et la température de l'élément de soutien (21); et un moyen de commande (51) permettant d'effectuer un traitement prescrit afin d'empêcher la surchauffe de l'outil de soudage (4), conformément à la température de l'outil de soudage (4).
PCT/JP2010/007029 2009-12-07 2010-12-02 Appareil de soudage par friction-malaxage et procédé associé WO2011070749A1 (fr)

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EP10835676.7A EP2511038B1 (fr) 2009-12-07 2010-12-02 Appareil de soudage par friction-malaxage et procédé associé
CN201080054865.6A CN102665998B (zh) 2009-12-07 2010-12-02 摩擦搅拌接合装置及方法
US13/513,101 US8528803B2 (en) 2009-12-07 2010-12-02 Friction stir welding apparatus and method
KR1020127013160A KR101288475B1 (ko) 2009-12-07 2010-12-02 마찰 교반 접합 장치 및 방법
US13/957,504 US8757470B2 (en) 2009-12-07 2013-08-02 Friction stir welding apparatus and method

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JP2009277908A JP5391046B2 (ja) 2009-12-07 2009-12-07 摩擦攪拌接合装置及びその接合方法
JP2009-277908 2009-12-07

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US13/513,101 A-371-Of-International US8528803B2 (en) 2009-12-07 2010-12-02 Friction stir welding apparatus and method
US13/957,504 Division US8757470B2 (en) 2009-12-07 2013-08-02 Friction stir welding apparatus and method

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EP2511038B1 (fr) 2019-01-23
JP5391046B2 (ja) 2014-01-15
US20130320070A1 (en) 2013-12-05
CN102665998B (zh) 2014-06-18
EP2511038A1 (fr) 2012-10-17
US20120261457A1 (en) 2012-10-18
US8757470B2 (en) 2014-06-24
JP2011115842A (ja) 2011-06-16
EP2511038A4 (fr) 2017-10-25
US8528803B2 (en) 2013-09-10
KR101288475B1 (ko) 2013-07-26
CN102665998A (zh) 2012-09-12
KR20120084768A (ko) 2012-07-30

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