WO2011058606A1 - 工事工程作成システムおよび工事工程作成方法 - Google Patents
工事工程作成システムおよび工事工程作成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/08—Construction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G06T19/20—Editing of 3D images, e.g. changing shapes or colours, aligning objects or positioning parts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a construction process creation system and a construction process creation method.
- Equipment state data corresponding to the construction process can be created and displayed three-dimensionally with an image display device or the like.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a construction process creation system and a construction process creation method that facilitate the determination of a construction process.
- a construction process creation system includes a construction object having a construction object identifier, type information, position information, dimension information, and weight information for identifying a plurality of construction objects from each other.
- a storage unit that stores data; an allocation unit that allocates the plurality of construction objects to any of a plurality of construction works based on the type information; and a size of a construction object that is assigned to each of the plurality of construction works, or And a calculation unit that calculates a construction period for each of the plurality of construction works based on the weight.
- a construction process creation method includes a construction object identifier for identifying a construction object, type information, position information, dimension information, and weight information. Assigning the construction object to any of a plurality of construction works based on the type information, and each of the plurality of construction works based on the size or weight of the construction object assigned to each of the plurality of construction works. And a step of calculating the construction period.
- a construction process creation system includes a first storage unit that stores construction object data including position information of a plurality of construction objects, and a start time of each of the plurality of construction objects.
- a second storage unit that stores display control information indicating the presence or absence of display at each end, and a display unit that displays the plurality of construction objects based on the display control information and the position information. To do.
- FIG. 10 It is a block diagram showing an example of the construction process creation system 10 which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram showing an example of construction target object data. It is a schematic diagram showing an example of a construction process table. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of an operation procedure of the construction process creation system 10.
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram showing the example of the space (i, j, k) divided by the unit volume. It is a schematic diagram showing an example of a display of piping density (rho). It is a schematic diagram showing an example of the time series display of a construction state. It is a schematic diagram showing an example of the time series display of a construction state. It is a schematic diagram showing an example of the time series display of a construction state. It is a schematic diagram showing an example of the time series display of a construction state.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a construction process creation system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the construction process creation system 10 can be used to create a construction process for a plant or the like.
- the construction process creation system 10 includes a data storage unit 11, a schedule data generation unit 12, a display control unit 13, an input unit 14, and a display unit 15.
- the construction process creation system 10 can be configured by only hardware, or a combination of hardware (CPU (Central Processing Unit) and software (program).
- the data storage unit 11 is a storage device that stores data, for example, a hard disk.
- the data storage unit 11 stores building data, construction object data, schedule data, construction basic data, and construction condition data.
- the data storage unit 11 “stores construction object data having a construction object identifier for identifying a plurality of construction objects from each other, type information, position information, dimension information, and weight information. And “second storage unit that stores movement amount information indicating the movement amount of the work object”.
- the building data is data of a building where a construction object such as equipment is arranged.
- the building data includes 3D (three-dimensional) data (section data) that represents the range of each section that divides the building.
- a partition is, for example, an individual room partitioned by walls or the like. However, even one room may be set for the convenience of construction.
- by comparing the section data and the construction object data it is possible to determine the arrangement and quantity of the construction object for each section.
- Construction object data is, for example, 3D (3-dimensional) CAD (Computer Aided Design) data representing a construction object for constructing a plant (for example, a power plant).
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of construction object data.
- Equipment is a device such as a pump, a tank, or a motor.
- “Piping” is a passage (for example, a pipe) that connects devices and allows liquid and gas to pass through.
- the “duct” is an air passage for ventilating (supplying and exhausting) the building.
- the “cable tray” is a cable path for power, control and measurement.
- the “base” is a pedestal on which an operator who operates equipment or the like rides.
- the “scaffolding” is a pedestal that is temporarily installed during construction and on which workers of the construction get on.
- Position, shape, dimensions (vertical, horizontal, height, etc.) and weight are shown as elements of construction object data.
- “Position” is represented by three-dimensional coordinates of a representative point (for example, the center) of each construction object.
- “Shape” means the shape (for example, rectangular parallelepiped, cylindrical shape) of each construction object.
- the shape of the piping is represented by a cylindrical shape or an L shape (a combination of two cylindrical shapes) according to the straight pipe or the L pipe.
- “Dimension” represents the spatial extent of each construction object.
- “Weight” represents the mass of each construction object.
- Dimension and weight in the elements of the construction object data are used as an amount to calculate the construction period Ti described later.
- the position, shape, and dimensions are used for 3D and 2D display of each construction object.
- the position usually represents the position where the construction object is finally installed.
- the amount of movement (movement amount information) is included in the elements of the schedule data, it is possible to represent a state in which the construction object is arranged at a position different from the final installation position of the construction object.
- the construction object is temporarily arranged (when temporarily arranged at a position different from the final installation position), the arrangement of the construction object can be expressed.
- Construction objects are classified into the smallest units that can be handled in one piece of construction (the smallest construction unit, for example, one pipe). Pipes, ducts, and cable trays are connected and integrated by a plurality of pipes, etc., depending on the construction. For this reason, elements, such as a position, are represented for every construction minimum unit with respect to a construction target object.
- a construction object identifier is assigned to each construction minimum unit. That is, the construction object data includes a construction object identifier for identifying each construction object.
- Schedule data represents a work schedule in each section of the building, and is generated by the schedule data generation unit 12 based on the work object data. Further, as will be described later, it can be corrected by inputting data from the input unit 14.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a construction process table corresponding to schedule data. As will be described later, a construction schedule is displayed based on the schedule data.
- the construction process is a process in which a plurality of construction works are gathered to form a single group.
- the schedule data represents the construction schedule. Construction is divided into construction work (task, activity, work) of equipment, scaffolding, mount, piping (large diameter), piping (small diameter), duct, tray.
- the construction works T1 to T8 correspond to the construction work of the equipment, the scaffold, the gantry 1, the pipe (large diameter), the gantry 2, the pipe (small diameter), the duct, and the tray, respectively.
- the construction work of the gantry 1 and the gantry 2 means that the construction work of the gantry is divided in relation to other construction work (piping (large diameter)).
- the pipe (large diameter) and the pipe (small diameter) are classified according to whether the diameter of the pipe is 65A or more, for example.
- the schedule data includes a construction work identifier for identifying construction works T1 to T8, a start date, an end date, a construction object identifier, and display control information.
- “Start date” and “End date” indicate the start date and end date of each work T1-T8.
- the “construction object identifier” represents a range of construction objects corresponding to each of the construction works T1 to T8. For example, when a plurality of pipes are installed in the construction work T4, a construction object identifier for identifying the plurality of pipes is represented in correspondence with the construction work T4.
- Display control information is data for controlling display switching (ON / OFF) of each work object. As will be described later, by switching the display of each construction object, the time series display (for example, moving image display) of the progress of the construction can be performed.
- Display control information includes time information indicating when construction works T1 to T8 and construction work are started and when work is completed, and whether or not the work objects are displayed when construction starts and when construction is completed (ON / OFF) ON / OFF information representing
- the reason for the presence or absence of display at the start of construction and at the end of construction is to allow the progress of construction to be displayed in chronological order (for example, video display) for both forward playback and reverse playback.
- the display can be controlled in accordance with the presence / absence of display at the end of construction in forward reproduction and the presence / absence of display at the start of construction in backward reproduction.
- the ON / OFF information at the start of construction (“0.0”) is “OFF” and the construction is completed (“1.0”).
- ON / OFF information can be set to “ON”.
- the ON / OFF information at the start of construction (“0.0”) is “ON”, and the construction is completed (“1.0”).
- the ON / OFF information at can be set to “OFF”.
- display control information is given to each construction object.
- the same construction object can be assigned to different construction work. For example, there are cases where the same scaffolding is repeatedly installed and removed. In such a case, it is more convenient in creating the process that the installation work and the removal work of the scaffold are handled as separate construction work.
- display control information is specified for the same construction object identifier in each construction work.
- “ON” and “OFF” are designated at the start and end of each construction work 1 and 2, respectively.
- the display of this construction object is as follows: Change. When construction work 1 starts: OFF to ON When construction work 1 is completed: ON from ON When construction work 2 starts: ON from ON When construction work 2 is finished: ON to OFF
- the movement amount (movement amount information) of the construction object can be used as an element of the schedule data.
- the construction object is displayed based on the position information of the construction object data.
- This position information usually represents the final installation position of the construction object, and does not assume a case where the construction object is temporarily arranged in the construction work.
- the position (X1, Y1, Z1) where the construction object is temporarily placed by adding the movement amount ( ⁇ X, ⁇ Y, ⁇ Z) to the position (X0, Y0, Z0) of the construction object as follows. ).
- Construction foundation data is used to generate schedule data from construction object data. Unlike the below-described construction condition data, the construction basic data has a certain degree of universality and can be applied to, for example, similar construction. The following data a. To d. Is included.
- Construction object-construction work correspondence data represents a correspondence relationship between the construction object and the construction work. This is because the construction object is allocated to the construction work based on the construction object data. Basically, which construction work is to be handled is determined according to the type of construction object. For example, if the construction object is a device, it corresponds to the construction work T1 of the device. However, piping is classified into construction work of piping (large diameter) and piping (small diameter), for example, depending on whether the diameter is 65A or more.
- Construction work order data represents the order of construction work. Although the arrangement of construction objects does not necessarily match for each section, order data based on a certain section is created based on experience and the like. From this sequence data, a basic process for each section can be automatically created. For the sections other than the reference section, the created basic process is appropriately corrected by input from the input unit 14. In this way, construction work order data can be generated for each section.
- Construction Work-Work Volume Correspondence Data represents the correspondence between the construction work and the work volume type. This is to determine the quantity for each construction work. For example, as described below, the correspondence relationship between the construction work and the type (for example, size, weight) of the construction work amount Mi is defined.
- Piping, trays, and base work Piping weight [t]
- Construction of scaffolding Scaffold volume [m 3 ] (product of scaffold area and height)
- Duct construction Duct surface area [m 2 ]
- Man-hour coefficient Ai for each construction work i The man-hour coefficient Ai for each construction work i represents the ratio of the number of man-hours to the amount of work in the construction work.
- the construction work amount Mi is represented, for example, by the sum of the size and weight of the construction object in the construction work.
- Piping, trays, mounts person / weight [person / t]
- Scaffolding person / volume [person / m 3 ]
- Duct Person / surface area [person / m 2 ]
- Construction condition data is used to generate schedule data from construction object data, and is basically input from the input unit 14 according to a construction project, as will be described later. .
- the following data a. To c. Is included.
- Construction start date Ds for each section The construction start date Ds for each section is used for calculating the construction end date De for each section.
- Construction object order data represents the order of construction of construction objects within construction work, and is used to generate display control information. For example, the order of piping during construction work of piping (large diameter) is represented.
- the schedule data generation unit 12 generates schedule data based on the construction object data and construction basic data. As described above, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the generated schedule data.
- the schedule data generation unit 12 functions as the following element.
- An assignment unit that assigns a plurality of construction objects to any of the plurality of construction works based on the type information. Each of the plurality of construction works based on the size or weight of the construction object assigned to each of the plurality of construction works.
- Calculation unit that calculates the construction period of the project ⁇ Generation unit that generates the construction schedule based on the calculated construction period and the construction work order data representing the order of multiple construction works ⁇ Calculated construction period and input
- a second generation unit that generates display control information indicating presence / absence of display at a start time and an end time of each of the plurality of construction works and each of the plurality of construction objects, based on the ordered order
- the display control unit 13 controls static and dynamic display of the work object on the display unit 15.
- the display control unit 13 makes it possible to visualize the construction process.
- the display control unit 13 functions as an “extraction unit that extracts a construction object whose display fluctuates within a predetermined period from the plurality of construction objects based on the display control information”.
- the display control unit 13 is divided into a construction object display control unit, a schedule display control unit, and a cooperative display control unit.
- Construction object display control unit visualizes the construction object based on the construction object data stored in the data storage unit 11.
- the construction object display control unit has a display state table indicating a correspondence relationship between the construction object identifier, the display of the construction object display, and the display attributes, and generates display data corresponding to the display state table. .
- the contents of the frame memory are rewritten based on the display state table, display data is generated based on the frame memory, and is output to the display unit 15.
- the display attribute is information for designating a color, a line type (solid line, a broken line, a one-dot chain line), a line thickness, and the like when displaying a construction object.
- Various display is possible by appropriately setting ON / OFF and display attributes of the display for each construction object identifier. For example, only a specific type of construction object can be displayed or not displayed, or the color, line type, and line thickness can be changed. At this time, the type and display attributes of the construction object can be designated by the input unit 14.
- the schedule display control unit can display a construction process table (for example, a construction schedule represented in a calendar format) based on the schedule data stored in the data storage unit 11. As described above, FIG. 3 shows an example of the construction process table displayed on the display unit 15. The construction schedule is represented by construction work T1 to T8.
- a construction process table for example, a construction schedule represented in a calendar format
- various inputs can be made from the input unit 14 by using the construction process chart displayed on the display unit 15.
- date and time series display can be specified. By specifying the date and time, it is possible to display the construction status at that date and time. Also, by designating the moving image display of the construction object, it is possible to display the time series of the construction status (forward playback, backward playback, stop, frame advance playback).
- “Replay in the forward direction” means that the change in the construction status is dynamically displayed according to the order of the progress of the construction. “Reverse playback” refers to dynamically displaying changes in the construction status according to the reverse order of construction progress. “Frame-by-frame playback” refers to temporarily stopping forward playback and backward playback and sequentially shifting to the next display in response to an input from the input unit 14.
- the schedule display control unit When the date / time and time-series display are specified, the schedule display control unit outputs the date / time information to the cooperative display control unit. When the date and time is specified, the schedule display control unit outputs the specified date and time.
- the schedule display control unit continuously outputs date and time information according to the time series display (forward playback, backward playback, stop, frame advance playback).
- the schedule display control unit can output the date and time for displaying the construction status.
- the date and time D to be output can be determined based on the following equation (1). By selecting 1 hour, 1 day, or 1 week as the update unit time ⁇ t, it is possible to display hourly, daily, and weekly changes in construction status.
- the schedule display control unit can also extract and output only the date and time corresponding to the construction movement (change in the installation state of the construction object). Specifically, the date and time is output based on the start and end of construction work in the smallest construction unit.
- the schedule data includes display control information corresponding to each construction object identifier. For this reason, when the construction works 1 to i in the construction minimum unit are executed in series, the date and time D (i, j) to be output can be determined based on the following equation (2), for example.
- the date and time D (i, j) is calculated for each parallel construction work
- the date and time D (i, j) to be output is determined based on the magnitude relationship. For example, in the forward reproduction, the date / time D (i, j) is output in ascending order from the date / time D (i, j) corresponding to each parallel construction work.
- the date and time D (i, j) is made to correspond to the start or end of the construction work for each construction minimum unit, so that the change in the installation state of the construction object can be made to correspond to the screen update.
- the presence / absence of the display of the work object is changed based on the ON / OFF information at the end of the work.
- the presence / absence of the display of the work object is changed based on the ON / OFF information at the start of the work.
- a cooperation display control part rewrites the display state table of a construction target object display control part based on the date and time D (i, j) output from a schedule display control part. Specifically, based on the date and time D (i, j) and schedule data output from the schedule display control unit, the construction object (identifier) and the display ON / OFF relationship are determined, and based on this determination Rewrite the display state table of the construction object display control unit. As a result, the visualization state of the construction object is dynamically changed.
- the change in the installation state of the construction object in a specific period (period between the first and second dates and times) as follows.
- the change in the installation state of the construction object within this specific period is extracted. That is, it is possible to extract a construction object whose display ON / OFF has fluctuated from the corresponding display control information (ON / OFF information) within this period.
- the extracted construction object is displayed so as to be distinguishable from other construction objects.
- the extracted construction object and other construction objects are displayed with different colors, line types, or line thicknesses.
- the ON / OFF variation of the display of the work object within this period can include the following categories (1) to (4). (1) From OFF to ON (2) From ON to OFF (3) ON from OFF, then ON to OFF (4) ON to OFF, then OFF to ON
- any one of color, line type, and line thickness is displayed.
- the input unit 14 is an input device for inputting data, such as a keyboard and a mouse.
- the input unit 14 functions as an “input unit that inputs the order of construction of a plurality of construction objects”.
- the display unit 15 is a display device that displays an image, for example, a liquid crystal display device.
- the display unit 15 can distinguish between the “display unit that displays the plurality of construction objects based on the display control information and the position information”, and “the extracted construction objects and other construction objects. It functions as a “second display section for display”.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of an operation procedure of the construction process creation system 10.
- step S11 A construction amount Mi for each section and construction work i is calculated. By comparing the construction object data with the construction object-construction work correspondence data and the building data, the construction object corresponding to each section and construction work i is extracted. Then, the work amount Mi is calculated by adding the amount of the extracted work objects. As described above, construction work-construction quantity correspondence data is used to determine the type of construction quantity.
- the work volume Mi is displayed as appropriate and is taken into account when entering the basic work data.
- the pipe density ⁇ may be calculated.
- the pipe density ⁇ means the ratio of the pipe to the unit volume and can be calculated by the following equation (3).
- ⁇ V (i, j, k) / V0 Equation (3)
- V0 Unit volume (volume of unit space)
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a space (i, j, k) divided by unit volume.
- the space is divided into N1 to N3 for each unit space (for example, a space of 2 m in height and width) in the X, Y, and Z directions.
- the space (i, j, k) is the i, j, kth unit space in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively.
- the calculated pipe density ⁇ is appropriately displayed on the display unit 15.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of the display of the pipe density ⁇ .
- the pipe density ⁇ is represented by a different color (different hatching in FIG. 6) for each unit space dividing the building.
- the piping density ⁇ is taken into account when inputting the construction basic data together with the construction amount Mi.
- Construction condition data is entered.
- the construction condition data includes the following data a to c (construction start date Ds, input personnel Pi, construction object order data).
- the construction start date Ds and the input personnel Pi are input from the input unit 14 by the operator in consideration of the construction work amount Mi and the piping density ⁇ for each section and construction work.
- the construction start date Ds is set for each section and does not need to be set for each construction work.
- the construction start date for each construction work can be calculated by using the construction work order data described above.
- the region where the calculated pipe density ⁇ exceeds a predetermined set value can be considered as a location where the amount of work is concentrated.
- the modularization rate Ui shown in Formula (4) can be used for calculation of the construction period.
- Ui Uw / Tw Equation (4)
- Uw the number of connection points included in a group (module) in the section (area where the pipe density ⁇ exceeds a predetermined setting value in the section)
- Tw the total number of connection points in the section
- Schedule data is generated as follows. (1) Calculation of construction required time Ti for each section and construction work i The construction required time Ti for each section and construction work i is calculated based on the following equation (5).
- Ti Mi * Ai * ⁇ i / Pi * Ur Equation (5)
- Ai Man-hour coefficient ([person / weight], [person / volume], [person / surface area])
- ⁇ i Difficulty coefficient for each section
- Pi Input personnel [person / day] for each section and construction work Ur: 1-Ui
- the difficulty level coefficient ⁇ i can be calculated from, for example, the deviation value Di of the number mi of the pipe bend for each section, as in the following equation (6).
- ⁇ i (Di ⁇ 50) * 100 + 1 (Formula 6)
- Di Deviation value of the number of pipe bends mi
- the deviation value Di can be calculated from the number mi of the piping bend for each section as in the following equation (7).
- Di 10 ((mi- ⁇ m) / ⁇ m) +50 (7)
- ⁇ m (1 / N)
- ⁇ mi ⁇ m ((1 / N) ⁇ (mi ⁇ m) 2 ) 1/2
- ⁇ m Average value of the number of pipe bends mi ⁇ m: Standard deviation of the number of pipe bends mi N: Number of sections
- the difficulty coefficient ⁇ i is determined based on 100 times (Di-50). However, as this multiple, a value other than “100” can be adopted as appropriate.
- the ON / OFF information at the start and end of the relative time ⁇ tj is generally determined as follows. This is because, as a result of the construction work, it is customary for the construction object to change from non-existence to existence.
- the ON / OFF information at the start and end of the relative time ⁇ tj is determined as follows. At the start of the relative time ⁇ tj: ON At the end of the relative time ⁇ tj: OFF
- the schedule data is generated and stored in the data storage unit 11 by the calculation and determination of (1) to (3) above.
- step S13 The construction process can be displayed based on the schedule data generated as described above. This display can be displayed corresponding to each of the construction object display control unit, the schedule display control unit, and the cooperative display control unit of the display control unit 13. For example, construction objects and schedules are displayed in the windows 1 and 2 on the display unit 15, respectively.
- the construction object display control unit can perform 2D and 3D display of the building and the construction object on the window 1 based on the construction object data stored in the data storage unit 11. As described above, for example, only a specific type of construction object is displayed or not displayed, and the color, line type (solid line, broken line, alternate long and short dash line), and line thickness are changed and displayed. Can do.
- the schedule display control section can display the construction schedule in the window 2 in, for example, a calendar format based on the schedule data stored in the data storage section 11.
- the display of the construction object in the window 1 changes with the passage of time by the designation of the time series display of the construction in the window 2 by the cooperative display cooperative display control unit.
- the date and time to be displayed by the schedule display control unit is sequentially determined corresponding to the designation of the time series display, and the cooperative display control unit rewrites the display state table of the construction object display control unit. That is, the time series display of the construction status is possible.
- FIGS 7A to 7C are schematic diagrams showing an example of the time series display of the construction state. It represents the transition of the construction of the pipes P1 to P4 connecting the facilities A1 and A2. It can be seen that pipes P3 and P4 have been added as the construction progressed.
- step S15 Construction schedule correction input
- construction conditions such as construction start date and time and construction end date and time for each type can be changed. That is, the construction start date and time and the construction end date and time after the change are input, and the schedule data is rewritten.
- the construction process can be displayed based on the rewritten schedule data.
- the construction process creation system 10 can enjoy the following advantages.
- A. In order to proceed with the automatic generation work of the process chart (schedule data) for each section, the process chart for each section is useful.
- the section-specific process chart can be created manually as follows, for example. That is, by considering the know-how of the experienced person and the previous construction results, the construction period and the like are determined from the amount of construction work in units of construction divisions, etc., thereby creating the division-specific process chart.
- the amount of work can be calculated from the drawings etc. by the designer's manual calculation. Thus, it takes a lot of time and labor to create the section-specific process chart manually.
- the amount of work is automatically calculated for each work section from building data (construction section data) and construction object data. Then, construction condition data is input, a construction period for each construction work is calculated, and a section-specific process chart (schedule data) can be automatically generated.
- the quantity unit of the work amount can be set according to the type of the work object.
- the weight (t), the length (m), the area (m 2 ), and the volume (m 3 ) can be set as the unit of work amount.
- the construction period can be calculated by taking into account the construction difficulty for each section.
- the display screen can be updated so that the display of the construction object corresponds to the change in the time series display of the construction object.
- the display unit can be updated by designating the update unit time ⁇ t for the construction period. That is, the update unit time ⁇ t is fixed.
- the update unit time ⁇ t since the update unit time ⁇ t does not correspond to the change in the display state, it is difficult to grasp the construction movement. For example, if a small update unit time ⁇ t is specified in a scene where there is a lot of work with a long construction period, there is a possibility that the user may wait for a long time without changing the screen. On the other hand, if a large update unit time ⁇ t is specified in a scene where there are many works with a short construction period, individual work results are not reflected on the screen and may be overlooked. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to check the construction period before and after the displayed time and change the update unit time ⁇ t.
- the display screen is updated so as to correspond to the change in the display of the construction object, thereby preventing the user from waiting for a long time or overlooking the result of the detailed work (efficient Construction simulation).
- ⁇ Using multiple construction object data corresponding to repeated installation and release of the same construction object may increase the amount of data and cause operability deterioration.
- the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and is also effective when the construction object data is changed. This is because in this embodiment, the construction period calculation unit and the schedule data generation unit based on the construction basic data and construction condition data for creating the construction work are independent of the construction object data. A construction process is created and examined in advance before the completion of the construction object data, and the construction process can be created and finally examined after the construction object data is completed.
- the created construction process result data can be used together with a display system for simulation. For example, it can be used for work procedure confirmation at a site where it is not necessary to calculate a construction period using construction basic data or construction condition data or to generate schedule data. This method of use can also be applied to educate workers, control quality and time.
- Each embodiment described above is useful for creating a construction process of a power plant or chemical plant such as nuclear power or thermal power.
- the present invention is not limited to these fields, and is useful for creating construction processes related to various constructions or modifications.
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Abstract
Description
建屋データは、機器等の工事対象物が配置される建造物のデータである。建屋データには、建屋を区分する区画それぞれの範囲を表す3D(3次元)データ(区画データ)が含まれる。区画は、例えば、壁等で仕切られた個別の部屋である。但し、部屋としては1つでも、工事の都合上、区画を設定しても良い。後述のように、区画データと工事対象物データとを対比することで、区画各の工事対象物の配置、物量を割り出すことができる。
工事対象物データは、プラント(例えば、発電所)を建設するための工事対象物を表す、例えば、3D(3次元)CAD(Computer Aided Design)データである。図2は、工事対象物データの一例を表す模式図である。
スケジュールデータは、建屋の区画それぞれでの工事のスケジュールを表し、工事対象物データに基づき、スケジュールデータ生成部12によって生成される。また、後述のように、入力部14からのデータの入力により修正可能である。
工事作業1の工事開始時: OFFからON
工事作業1の工事終了時: ONからON
工事作業2の工事開始時: ONからON
工事作業2の工事終了時: ONからOFF
(X1,Y1,Z1)=(X0,Y0,Z0)+(ΔX,ΔY,ΔZ)
=(X0+ΔX,Y0+ΔY,Z0+ΔZ)
工事基礎データは、工事対象物データからスケジュールデータを生成するために用いられる。工事基礎データは、後述の工事条件データと異なり、ある程度の普遍性を有し、例えば、類似する工事への適用が可能である。工事基礎データには以下のデータa.~d.が含まれる。
工事対象物-工事作業対応データは、工事対象物と工事作業の対応関係を表す。工事対象物データに基づいて、工事対象物を工事作業に割り振るためである。基本的には、工事対象物の種別によって、どの工事作業に対応するかが決定する。例えば、工事対象物が機器であれば、機器の工事作業T1に対応することになる。但し、配管は、例えば、口径が65A以上か否かに応じて、配管(大口径)、配管(小口径)の工事作業に区分される。
工事作業順序データは、工事作業の順序を表す。区画毎に工事対象物の配置は必ずしも一致しないが、経験等に基づき、ある区画を基準とする順序データを作成しておく。この順序データから、区画それぞれの基本工程を自動的に作成できる。基準とする区画以外の区画については、入力部14からの入力により、作成された基本工程を適宜に修正する。このようにして、区画毎に工事作業順序データを生成することができる。
工事作業-工事物量対応データは、工事作業と工事物量の種別の対応関係を表す。工事作業毎に物量を決定するためである。例えば、次のように、工事作業と工事物量Miの種別(例えば、寸法、重量)の対応関係が規定される。
・配管、トレイ、架台の工事: 配管等の重量[t]
・足場の工事: 足場の体積[m3](足場の面積と高さの積)
・ダクトの工事: ダクトの表面積[m2]
工事作業i毎の工数係数Aiは、その工事作業での工事物量に対する工数の割合を表す。既述のように、工事物量Miは、例えば、工事作業での工事対象物の寸法、重量の合計で表される。基本的には、工事物量Miと工数係数Aiを積算することで、その工事作業での工数Hiが定まる(Hi=Mi*Ai)。
・配管、トレイ、架台: 人/重量[人/t]
・足場: 人/体積[人/m3]
・ダクト: 人/表面積[人/m2]
工事条件データは、工事対象物データからスケジュールデータを生成するために用いられ、後述のように、基本的には、工事の案件に応じて、入力部14から入力される。工事条件データには以下のデータa.~c.が含まれる。
区画毎の工事開始日Dsは、区画毎の工事終了日Deの算出等に用いられる。
工事作業毎の投入人員Piは、工数Hiからその工事作業での工事所要時間Tiを算出するために用いられる(Ti=Hi/Pi)。
工事対象物順序データは、工事作業内での工事対象物の工事の順序を表し、表示制御情報の生成に用いられる。例えば、配管(大口径)の工事作業中での配管の順序が表される。
・種別情報に基づき、複数の工事対象物を複数の工事作業の何れかに割り当てる割り当て部
・複数の工事作業それぞれに割り当てられた工事対象物の寸法または重量に基づいて、前記複数の工事作業それぞれの工事期間を算出する算出部
・算出される工事期間と、複数の工事作業の順序を表す工事作業順序データと、に基づいて、工事工程表を生成する生成部
・算出された工事期間と入力された順番に基づき、前記複数の工事作業および前記複数の工事対象物それぞれの工事の開始時および終了時それぞれでの表示の有無を表す表示制御情報を生成する第2の生成部
工事対象物表示制御部は、データ記憶部11に記憶される工事対象物データに基づき、工事対象物を可視化する。工事対象物表示制御部は、工事対象物識別子と、工事対象物の表示のON/OFF、表示属性の対応関係を表す表示状態テーブルを有し、この表示状態テーブルに対応する表示データを生成する。例えば、表示状態テーブルに基づいて、フレームメモリの内容が書き換えられ、フレームメモリに基づいて表示データが生成され、表示部15に出力される。表示属性は、工事対象物を表示するときの色、線の種別(実線、破線、一点鎖線)、線の太さ等を指定する情報である。
スケジュール表示制御部は、データ記憶部11に記憶されるスケジュールデータに基づき、工事工程表(例えば、カレンダー形式で表される工事スケジュール)を表示できる。既述のように、図3は、表示部15に表示される工事工程表の一例を表す。工事スケジュールは、工事作業T1~T8によって表される。
Ds:工事開始日時
Δt:更新単位時間
n:更新回数
Ds:工事作業の開始日時
T(i):工事作業iでの所要時間
Δtr(i,j):工事作業i中でj番目に工事される工事対象物の相対工事期間(工事作業iの全期間に対する、「j番目の工事の終了時-j番目の工事の開始時」の相対的な割合)
連携表示制御部は、スケジュール表示制御部から出力される日時D(i,j)に基づいて、工事対象物表示制御部の表示状態テーブルを書き替える。具体的には、スケジュール表示制御部から出力される日時D(i,j)およびスケジュールデータに基づいて、工事対象物(識別子)と、表示のON/OFFの関係を決定し、この決定に基づいて、工事対象物表示制御部の表示状態テーブルを書き替える。この結果、工事対象物の可視化状態が動的に変更される。
以上では、基本的に、特定の日時が選択され、このときの工事状況(工事対象物の設置状態)が表示されることを考えている。これは時系列表示の場合でも同様である。即ち、表示内容は時間と共に変化するが、ある瞬間に表示されるのは特定の日時での工事対象物の設置状態である。これに対して、ある期間内での工事対象物の設置状態の変動を表示できれば、この期間での工事内容を纏めて把握することが容易となる。
(1)OFFからON
(2)ONからOFF
(3)OFFからON、その後、ONからOFF
(4)ONからOFF、その後、OFFからON
以下、工事工程作成システム10の動作手順を説明する。図4は、工事工程作成システム10の動作手順の一例を表すフロー図である。
区画および工事作業i毎の工事物量Miが算出される。工事対象物データを工事対象物-工事作業対応データおよび建屋データと対比することによって、区画および工事作業i毎に対応する工事対象物が抽出される。そして、抽出された工事対象物の物量を加算することで、工事物量Miが算出される。既述のように、工事物量の種別を決定するために、工事作業-工事物量対応データが用いられる。
ρ=V(i,j,k)/V0 ……式(3)
V(i,j,k): 単位空間で区分した空間(i,j,k)中での配管の体積
V0:単位体積(単位空間の体積)
工事条件データが入力される。既述のように、工事条件データは以下のデータa~c(工事開始日Ds、投入人員Pi、工事対象物順序データ)を含む。ここで、工事開始日Ds、投入人員Piは、区画および工事作業毎の工事物量Mi、配管密度ρを参酌して、操作者によって入力部14から入力される。なお、工事開始日Dsは区画毎に設定され、工事作業毎に設定する必要は無い。既述の工事作業順序データ等を用いることで、工事作業毎の工事開始日を算出できる。
b.区画および工事作業毎の投入人員Pi[人/日]
c.工事対象物順序データ
Uw:区画内のひと纏まり(モジュール)内(区画内において配管密度ρが所定の設定値を超えた領域)に含まれる接続箇所の個数
Tw:区画内での接続箇所の総数
次のようにしてスケジュールデータが生成される。
(1)区画および工事作業i毎の工事所要時間Tiの算出
区画および工事作業i毎の工事所要時間Tiが次の式(5)に基づき算出される。
Ti=Mi*Ai*αi/Pi*Ur ……式(5)
Ai:工数係数([人/重量],[人/体積],[人/表面積])
αi:区画毎の難易度係数
Pi:区画および工事作業毎の投入人員[人/日]
Ur:1-Ui
αi=(Di-50)*100+1 ……式(6)
Di:配管の曲がりの数miの偏差値
Di=10((mi-μm)/σm)+50 ……式(7)
μm=(1/N)Σmi
σm=((1/N)Σ(mi-μm)2)1/2
μm:配管の曲がりの数miの平均値
σm:配管の曲がりの数miの標準偏差
N:区画の個数
区画および工事作業i毎の開始日Ds(i)、終了日De(i)は次の式(8)ようにして算出される。
Ds(i)=Ds+ΣT(j) ……式(8)
De(i)=Ds(i)+T(i)
工事作業Tiでのj番目の工事要素に対する相対時間Δtj(表示制御情報の一要素)は次の式(9)のようにして算出できる。
Δtj=Mij/Mi ……式(9)
Mij:工事作業Tiでのj番目の工事対象物の物量
相対時間Δtjの開始時: OFF
相対時間Δtjの終了時: ON
相対時間Δtjの開始時: ON
相対時間Δtjの終了時: OFF
以上のようにして生成されたスケジュールデータに基づき、工事工程を表示することができる。この表示は、表示制御部13の工事対象物表示制御部、スケジュール表示制御部、連携表示制御部それぞれに対応する表示が可能である。例えば、表示部15上のウィンドウ1、2それぞれに工事対象物、スケジュールを表示し、この両者の連携が可能となる。
工事対象物表示制御部により、データ記憶部11に記憶される工事対象物データに基づき、ウィンドウ1に建屋および工事対象物の2D、3D表示が可能である。既述のように、例えば、特定種別の工事対象物のみを表示したり、表示しないようにしたり、色、線の種別(実線、破線、一点鎖線)、線の太さを変えて表示することができる。
スケジュール表示制御部により、データ記憶部11に記憶されるスケジュールデータに基づき、ウィンドウ2に工事スケジュールを例えばカレンダー形式で表示できる。
連携表示制御部により、ウィンドウ2での工事の時系列表示の指定により、ウィンドウ1での工事対象物の表示が時間の経過と共に変化する。既述のように、時系列表示の指定に対応して、スケジュール表示制御部で表示する日時が順次に決定され、連携表示制御部が工事対象物表示制御部の表示状態テーブルを書き替える。即ち、工事状態の時系列表示が可能となる。
工事工程の表示を参照して、工事条件、例えば、種別毎の工事開始日時、工事終了日時を変更することができる。即ち、変更後の工事開始日時、工事終了日時が入力され、スケジュールデータが書き替えられる。書き替えたスケジュールデータに基づいて、工事工程の表示が可能である。
工事工程作成システム10は以下の利点を享受することができる。
A.区画別工程表(スケジュールデータ)の自動生成
工事を進める上で、区画別の区画別工程表は有用である。区画別工程表は例えば、次のようにして人的に作成できる。即ち、経験者のノウハウ、先行の工事実績を考慮し、工事区画単位の工事物量等から工事期間等を決定することで、区画別工程表が作成される。工事物量は図面等から設計者の手計算により算出できる。このように区画別工程表を人的に作成するのは大きな時間および労力を伴う。
本実施形態では、工事対象物の時系列表示(動的な表示)が可能であり、工事の推移の把握が容易となる。
本実施形態では、工事対象物の時系列表示に当たって、工事対象物の表示に変動に対応するように、表示画面を更新できる。
本実施形態では、同一の工事対象物(例えば、工事用の足場)の設置と解除の繰り返しに際して、同一の工事対象物識別子を指定し、表示状態を切り替えることができる。
本発明の実施形態は、上記の実施形態に限られず、工事対象物データに変更が生じた場合にも有効である。これは、本実施の形態において、工事作業を作成する工事基礎データや工事条件データに基づく工事期間の算出部およびスケジュールデータの生成部が、工事対象物データと独立しているためである。工事対象物データの完成前に工事工程を作成して事前に検討し、工事対象物データの完成後にも工事工程を作成して最終的に検討することが可能となる。
11 データ記憶部
12 スケジュールデータ生成部
13 表示制御部
14 入力部
15 表示部
Claims (13)
- 複数の工事対象物を互いに識別する工事対象物識別子と、種別情報と、位置情報と、寸法情報と、重量情報と、を有する、工事対象物データを記憶する記憶部と、
前記種別情報に基づき、前記複数の工事対象物を複数の工事作業の何れかに割り当てる割り当て部と、
前記複数の工事作業それぞれに割り当てられた工事対象物の寸法または重量に基づいて、前記複数の工事作業それぞれの工事期間を算出する算出部と、
を具備することを特徴とする工事工程作成システム。 - 前記算出される工事期間と、前記複数の工事作業の順序を表す工事作業順序データと、に基づいて、工事工程表を生成する生成部、
をさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項1記載の工事工程作成システム。 - 前記記憶部が、複数の工事区画の範囲を表す工事区画データをさらに記憶し、
前記算出部が、前記複数の工事区画毎の工事対象物の工事物量と、前記複数の工事区画および前記複数の工事作業での工事物量に対する工数の割合を表す工数計数と、に基づいて、前記複数の工事区画毎の前記複数の工事作業それぞれの工事期間を算出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の工事工程作成システム。 - 前記算出部が、前記複数の工事区画毎での工事対象物の曲がりの数、および前記寸法または重量に基づいて、前記複数の工事区画毎の前記複数の工事作業それぞれの工事期間を算出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項3記載の工事工程作成システム。 - 前記算出部が、前記複数の工事区画毎での工事対象物の曲がりの数の偏差値に基づいて、前記複数の工事区画毎の前記複数の工事作業それぞれの工事期間を算出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項4記載の工事工程作成システム。 - 前記算出部が、前記複数の工事作業それぞれに割り当てられた工事対象物の寸法または重量に加え、単位体積あたりの前記複数の工事対象物の密度に基づき算出されるモジュール化率に基づいて、前記複数の工事作業それぞれの工事期間を算出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の工事工程作成システム。 - 前記複数の工事対象物の工事の順番を入力する入力部と、
前記算出された工事期間と前記入力された順番に基づき、前記複数の工事作業および前記複数の工事対象物それぞれの工事の開始時および終了時それぞれでの表示の有無を表す表示制御情報を生成する第2の生成部と、
前記表示制御情報および前記位置情報に基づいて、前記複数の工事対象物を表示する表示部と、
をさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項1記載の工事工程作成システム。 - 前記表示制御情報が、異なる工事作業および同一の工事対象物での工事の開始時および終了時それぞれでの表示の有無を表す、
ことを特徴とする請求項7記載の工事工程作成システム。 - 前記工事対象物それぞれの工事の開始時または終了時と対応して、前記表示部での表示が更新される、
ことを特徴とする請求項7記載の工事工程作成システム。 - 前記工事対象物の移動量を表す移動量情報を記憶する第2の記憶部をさらに具備し、
前記表示部が、前記表示制御情報、前記位置情報、および移動量情報に基づいて、前記複数の工事対象物を表示する、
ことを特徴とする請求項7記載の工事工程作成システム。 - 前記表示制御情報に基づいて、前記複数の工事対象物から、所定の期間内で表示が変動する工事対象物を抽出する抽出部と、
前記抽出された工事対象物と、他の工事対象物とを区別可能に表示する第2の表示部と、
をさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項7記載の工事工程作成システム。 - 工事対象物を識別する工事対象物識別子と、種別情報と、位置情報と、寸法情報と、重量情報と、を有する、工事対象物データ中の前記種別情報に基づき、前記工事対象物を複数の工事作業の何れかに割り当てるステップと、
前記複数の工事作業それぞれに割り当てられた工事対象物の寸法または重量に基づいて、前記複数の工事作業それぞれの工事期間を算出するステップと、
を具備することを特徴とする工事工程作成方法。 - 複数の工事対象物の位置情報を含む工事対象物データを記憶する第1の記憶部と、
前記複数の工事対象物それぞれの工事の開始時および終了時それぞれでの表示の有無を表す表示制御情報を記憶する第2の記憶部と、
前記表示制御情報および前記位置情報に基づいて、前記複数の工事対象物を表示する表示部と、
を具備することを特徴とする工事工程作成システム。
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JP6571462B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-10 | 2019-09-04 | 千代田化工建設株式会社 | 建設資材管理システムおよび建設資材管理方法 |
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KR101976514B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-05-10 | 조광익 | 건축적산 제공방법 |
KR102370134B1 (ko) * | 2020-06-26 | 2022-03-04 | 주식회사 야크솔루션 | 스마트 건설 플랫폼을 이용한 공정 관리 시스템 및 그 방법 |
CN114739843B (zh) * | 2022-03-10 | 2023-05-02 | 内蒙古锐信工程项目管理有限责任公司 | 基于大数据的建筑工程监理的施工监测方法 |
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RU2526759C2 (ru) | 2014-08-27 |
US20120203563A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
BR112012011245A2 (pt) | 2016-04-05 |
EP2500858A4 (en) | 2014-04-16 |
RU2012124071A (ru) | 2013-12-20 |
KR20120064130A (ko) | 2012-06-18 |
EP2500858A1 (en) | 2012-09-19 |
JP5665759B2 (ja) | 2015-02-04 |
JPWO2011058606A1 (ja) | 2013-03-28 |
CN102598031A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
KR101505093B1 (ko) | 2015-03-23 |
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