WO2011043442A1 - 腐食センサ - Google Patents
腐食センサ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011043442A1 WO2011043442A1 PCT/JP2010/067692 JP2010067692W WO2011043442A1 WO 2011043442 A1 WO2011043442 A1 WO 2011043442A1 JP 2010067692 W JP2010067692 W JP 2010067692W WO 2011043442 A1 WO2011043442 A1 WO 2011043442A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- corrosion
- concrete
- conductor pattern
- iron
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/04—Corrosion probes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
- G01N33/383—Concrete or cement
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a corrosion sensor for detecting a corrosive environment of a reinforcing bar in a reinforced concrete structure.
- the steel material in the concrete structure is protected from corrosion by forming a passive film on the steel material surface because the concrete maintains an alkaline environment.
- a corrosive factor such as carbon dioxide in the air, sulfuric acid in the sewerage facility, or chloride ions enters the concrete, the passive film is destroyed, and the steel and the steel are corroded by water and oxygen in the concrete. Start.
- the method of detecting corrosion by breaking a fine wire is as follows: (1) By embedding a sensor in advance, there is no damage to concrete such as core removal, (2) A fine wire between the concrete surface and steel material By installing several pipes depending on the depth, it is possible to monitor the time dependency of the invasion of corrosion factors from the surface, making it easy to create a maintenance plan. (3) Corrosion factors because iron corrosion is directly captured It is possible to detect the possibility of corrosion including not only the supply state of water and oxygen, but also (4) because it captures changes in electrical resistance, it can be detected with extremely low power consumption and is suitable for long-term monitoring.
- Various corrosion diagnosis methods by detecting fine wire cutting have been proposed (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- a base material made of a metal or an alkali-soluble metal that is more easily corroded than the metal of the detection object in the environment where the detection object is used, and at least a part of the base material are covered.
- a corrosion sensor including a detection unit formed by a coating made of a metal that corrodes under the environment in which the detection target is used, and a base material for holding the detection unit.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a corrosion sensor used for diagnosing the progress of corrosion of a steel material embedded in a concrete structure.
- This corrosion sensor is a corrosion detection unit and has a detection member laid in the vicinity of the measurement object or the measurement object, and measures the corrosion of the metal detection member and measures the electrical characteristics of the detection member. To detect. Then, the corrosion detection result is wirelessly transmitted to the reading device. With this configuration, the corrosion of the detection member can be detected from the change in the electrical characteristics, and it is possible to predict whether or not the steel material such as the reinforcing bar, the PC steel wire, and the steel sheath tube is corroded. .
- detection sensitivity will be described below.
- the detection by a thin line is achieved by cutting by corrosion, and it is necessary to cut by slight corrosion. From the viewpoint of detection sensitivity, it is desirable to be as thin as possible.
- iron is difficult to extend compared to other metals, and it is very difficult to produce a wire having a diameter smaller than 0.1 mm.
- it can be made thin by mixing a metal other than iron, there is a problem that it becomes unsuitable as a steel corrosion detection sensor because the properties of the metal change.
- corrosion occurs stochastically and does not occur uniformly, and it is theoretically necessary to form a corrosion cell in the corrosion portion.
- the length of the thin wire is short, even if the environment in the concrete becomes a corrosive environment, the fine wire may not necessarily be corrosive and cut, and the thin wire has an appropriate length depending on the cross-sectional area and surface area of the thin wire. Otherwise, the corrosion rate becomes slow, and as a result, the corrosion detection sensitivity is lowered.
- the iron wire has a problem that it is not easy to handle. It takes time and labor to solder a thin wire to a circuit, and it breaks easily. This makes mass production difficult and not industrially desirable, but is difficult to use except in a straight state. For example, if the length of the fine line is increased to improve the sensitivity, it will not be easy to install in the concrete, and it has been considered to change the arrangement of the fine line, but it is difficult to process the fine line. Is difficult.
- the fine wires installed in the concrete may be physically damaged by concrete aggregates or the like when the concrete is placed. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to dig a groove in a mortar that has been hardened in advance, wind a fine wire along the groove, and install it in concrete as a sensor. Arrangement becomes complicated.
- Non-Patent Document 1 “4.1 Sensitivity of Sensor that does not Energize,” describes the state of corrosion fracture of iron wires embedded in concrete. Here, it is thought that “... the iron wire caused the corrosion fracture. However, in this case, the amount of chloride ions has reached nearly 12 kg / m 3 , which is considered to be the critical amount of corrosion of rebar in concrete. compared to 1.2 ⁇ 2.4kg / m 3 was extremely large. ...
- the thickness of the sensor must be smaller (thinner) than 0.1 mm.
- the thickness should be sufficiently large so that a significant change in resistance is observed in an environment where the chloride ion content as a corrosion factor is 1.2 to 2.4 kg / m 3. A small (thin) sensor is desired.
- conventional corrosion sensors are basically designed on the assumption that they directly touch corrosion factors.
- the corrosion factor is a concept including substances relating to individual corrosion such as chloride ions and carbon dioxide, and environmental factors such as temperature and humidity.
- the sensors When these sensors are installed in a concrete structure, the sensors may be damaged when the concrete is placed. In addition, there is a gap in the vicinity of the sensor, which may prevent accurate detection.
- an iron member that becomes a detection unit may rust before being embedded in concrete, and thus it is necessary to prevent the iron member from being rusted.
- a hole is drilled in a local part of the concrete structure and a sensor is installed. In this case as well, the same problem as described above exists.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and can accurately detect the corrosive environment of a reinforcing bar in a reinforced concrete structure by protecting the sensor and avoiding the generation of coarse voids in the vicinity of the sensor.
- Corrosion sensor that makes it easy to install the sensor and shorten the work process while avoiding the progress of corrosion due to the influence of concrete bleeding water, etc. The purpose is to provide.
- the present invention does not adversely affect the strength, durability and proof strength of the concrete frame, realizes a highly sensitive rebar corrosion environment detection sensor, attaches to a position close to the rebar inside the reinforced concrete, and erodes near the rebar. It aims at realization of the corrosion environment detection sensor which can be caught before the corrosive factor to reach the reinforcing bar.
- Another object of the present invention is to solve a manufacturing problem while realizing the concept of detecting a cut of a thin wire, and to realize a corrosion sensor with high sensitivity and high design freedom.
- the corrosion sensor of the present invention is a sensor for detecting a corrosive environment of a reinforcing bar in a reinforced concrete structure, and detecting a penetration state of a corrosion factor that corrodes the reinforcing bar into the concrete. And a sensor that outputs data indicating the penetration state of the corrosion factor, a sensor coating that does not prevent penetration of the corrosion factor that covers the detection unit, and a strength that does not reduce the proof stress of the structure to be embedded. And a sensor exterior part.
- the sensor coating portion that does not prevent the penetration of the corrosion factor covering the detection portion does not prevent the penetration of the corrosion factor represented by salt, etc., and moreover, concrete, mortar, or cement paste is used as a typical material. Since it covers, the protection function of a detection part improves remarkably, and it becomes possible to install in the concrete of the structure of a test object easily.
- the detection unit is an iron member, it is placed in an alkaline environment in concrete, mortar, or paste, so that the detection unit is covered with a passive film. As a result, it becomes hard to rust compared with the detection part which is not placed in concrete, mortar or paste, and handling at the time of installation becomes easy.
- the sensor exterior part is formed of a material having a strength equal to or higher than that of the concrete of the structure to be inspected, and is representative of alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide. Or a ceramic, mortar, or paste having a strength equal to or greater than that of the concrete of the structure to be inspected, and the sensor covering portion is equal to or greater than the concrete of the structure to be inspected. It is characterized by being formed of concrete, mortar, or paste, which is a material having the permeability of a corrosion factor.
- the sensor exterior portion that determines the strength of the sensor dominantly has a strength equal to or higher than that of the concrete of the structure to be inspected. Strength is ensured and there is no possibility of defects.
- the sensor coating is formed of concrete, mortar, or paste, which is a material having a permeability of a corrosion factor equivalent to or higher than that of the concrete of the structure to be inspected, the permeability of the corrosion factor is It becomes equal to or better than the concrete of the structure, and it is possible to accurately detect the corrosive environment of the reinforcing steel in the reinforced concrete structure.
- the corrosion sensor of this invention WHEREIN:
- the said detection part is produced by rolling iron,
- the conductor pattern portion is formed by the iron foil material produced by rolling iron, the degree of freedom in design is higher than that in the case of using a conventional thin wire, and the manufacture is facilitated. As a result, a complicated shape can be easily configured.
- the thickness of the iron foil material is very thin, it is possible to shorten the time until the wire breaks rather than the thin wire, and as a result, the sensitivity as a sensor is increased and the pattern portion is retained during concrete placement. It is possible to ensure the strength of the.
- the conductor pattern portion constitutes a two-dimensional uneven or spiral circuit on the substrate.
- the entire sensor can be made as small as possible and the area of the conductor pattern portion can be increased.
- the sensor's sensitivity is improved by increasing the probability of contact with the corrosion factor, and the downsizing enables the installation between the concrete surface and the steel material, which detects the corrosion factor before it reaches the steel material. Is possible.
- the lines need to be long because corrosion occurs stochastically, and the formation of a two-dimensional uneven or spiral circuit on the substrate The same effect as extending the length of the line can be achieved with less space.
- the corrosion sensor of the present invention has at least a part of a circular arc or an elliptic arc.
- This configuration makes it possible to prevent the corrosion phenomenon from occurring locally around the sensor as a shape in which bleeding water does not collect around the sensor.
- the detection unit outputs the data as a radio signal.
- the data is output as a radio signal, it is not necessary to pull out the cable from the concrete, and it is possible to avoid the invasion of the corrosion factor from the gap between the cable and the concrete.
- the detection unit is covered with concrete, mortar, or paste, the protection function of the detection unit is dramatically improved, and the detection unit can be easily installed in the concrete of the structure to be inspected.
- the detection unit is an iron member, it is placed in an alkaline environment in concrete, mortar, or paste, so that the detection unit is covered with a passive film. As a result, it becomes hard to rust compared with a detection part that is not placed in concrete, mortar, or paste, and handling becomes easy.
- the sensor coating is formed of concrete, mortar, or paste that has a corrosion factor permeability equal to or greater than that of the concrete of the structure to be inspected. It becomes equal to or higher than that of concrete, and it becomes possible to accurately detect the corrosive environment of the reinforcing bars in the reinforced concrete structure.
- the sensor exterior is molded with concrete, mortar, or paste that has the same or higher strength as the concrete of the structure to be inspected, so the strength is ensured even after installation in the concrete of the structure to be inspected. Therefore, the possibility of occurrence of defects can be extremely reduced.
- the corrosion sensor of the present invention as described above is installed in the vicinity of the internal reinforcing bar in the structure to be detected.
- the sensor exterior part is characterized in that at least a part thereof has a circular arc or elliptical arc outline.
- the present application relates to a corrosion sensor that includes a sensor exterior portion made of high-strength mortar and the like, a sensor coating portion that protects the sensor surface that does not prevent the penetration of salt, moisture, and oxygen, which are corrosion factors of reinforcing bars, and a detection portion. It is.
- the sensor itself needs to have strength that does not break during mounting and handling, and the sensor exterior part has strength that does not reduce the strength of the entire frame concrete incorporating this application, ordinary concrete, mortar, It is manufactured by molding with a ceramic material typified by alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride and silicon carbide. The molding can be performed by a usual method such as mold, casting, extrusion molding or the like.
- the sensor covering portion has a small volume occupation ratio that does not affect the proof stress of the sensor itself.
- a concave portion on the surface layer of the sensor outer portion having a thick flat plate shape in FIG. In this way, a sensor covering portion whose strength does not lead to a decrease in the strength of the entire sensor can be formed, and the sensor covering portion can be shaped so that only the surface is exposed, and the proof strength of the entire sensor can be prevented from affecting the proof strength of the housing. .
- the sensor covering portion is preferably a mortar having a porosity of 5 to 20%.
- the porosity of the sensor covering portion is too low, such as less than 5%, the arrival speed of the corrosion factor to the detecting portion is delayed, and the sensitivity for detecting the progress of the corrosive environment of the reinforcing bar is lowered.
- the strength of the sensor coating may be reduced, or the corrosion factor may permeate during the time it takes to install the corrosion sensor during construction and the concrete is placed, and the sensor may corrode.
- the thickness of the mortar sensor covering portion is preferably 5 mm or less.
- the detection unit is a corrosion sensor that uses metal foil, and the sensor itself corrodes due to the intrusion of factors, and uses a sensor that captures changes in the corrosive environment due to changes in electrical characteristics such as resistance and impedance. It is preferable to use a detection unit in which a circuit is formed on an iron foil.
- the sensor exterior part is formed with a circular arc or elliptic arc outline at least at a part thereof, and can be formed into a thick flat plate shape as shown in FIG. At this time, the bleeding water rises along the outline of the circular arc and the elliptic arc and does not collect around the sensor. Corrosion phenomenon does not occur locally, and the influence of installation of the sensor itself can be minimized.
- the detection unit can output the data connected to the RFID tag as a radio signal.
- the data is output as a wireless signal, it is not necessary to pull out the cable from the concrete, and the invasion of the corrosion factor from the gap between the cable and the concrete can be avoided.
- the sensor cover part facilitates the penetration and arrival of environmental factors, and the protection function of the detection part is dramatically improved.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows a result when the corrosion part length becomes 10 mm in the model 2. It is a figure which shows the graph which accumulated the corrosion part length 0.1mm and 10mm as a result of having examined by the model 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows the change of the resistance value with time by an acceleration test.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a rectangular detector 11 and its sensor exterior 12.
- the detection unit 11 can be formed into an arbitrary shape such as a rectangle, a square, a circle, a ladder, or a staircase using, for example, an iron foil.
- the detection part 11 is set in the concave part 13 of the sensor exterior part, and the surface thereof is coated with the sensor coating part 14.
- the sensor covering portion 14 may cover the entire concave portion 13 of the sensor exterior portion (FIG. 1A). The coating may remain part of it (FIG. 1 (b)).
- the size of the detection unit 11 is preferably larger than the maximum aggregate size of the aggregate used in the mortar.
- the dimension of one side of the rectangle of the detection unit 11 is 20 mm ⁇ 30 mm, and the minor axis and major axis dimension of the sensor exterior part are 60 mm ⁇ 90 mm.
- the size of one side of the rectangle of the detection unit is set to a size of about 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm or more.
- concrete aggregates may be placed directly above the mortar surface in contact with the concrete. In this case, the size of the sensor is smaller than the concrete aggregate. If it is small, it is presumed to be affected by the detection sensitivity.
- the sensor exterior part 12 may be of any material as long as it is a material that does not cause defects in mortar / concrete and has no reactivity due to corrosion factors.
- a high-corrosion-resistant fine ceramic substrate such as alumina can be used as well as a polymer resin such as PET material and polyimide. Polymer resin and fine ceramics can be easily thinned.
- the detection unit 11 may be formed of, for example, a comb-shaped metal or a saw-toothed metal.
- FIG. 2 is an orthographic view of a corrosion sensor molded into a deformed ellipsoidal plate, a front view (a), a right side view (b), a left side view (c), It is a bottom view (d).
- the rear view is the same outline as the front view.
- the plan view is the same as the bottom view.
- the sensor covering portion of the detection unit 11 may have any shape such as a rectangular parallelepiped type, a cubic type, a plate type, a cylindrical type, and a staircase type as long as there is no problem in installation.
- a plate shape such as a plate type is particularly preferable.
- the sensor exterior part 12 has a thick plate shape (total length: 92 mm) having a contour having a circular arc at both ends. A recess with a step was provided on this, and the detection unit was attached to a shallow step (about 3 mm). An accessory such as an IC substrate can be stored in the deep step portion 10 mm, and the lead wire is drawn out from the left portion of the exterior. After setting a detection part in this recessed part, predetermined mortar was poured and hardened, and it was set as the sensor coating
- the sensor covering portion is a portion in which a shallow step portion is buried in the recess. At this time, the sensor covering portion may be raised beyond the horizontal plane of the concave portion of the sensor exterior portion, but the thickness is preferably 5 mm or less. Both deep steps and sloped parts can be embedded simultaneously with mortar.
- the size of the sensor covering portion is not preferable if it is too small or too large for the same reason as the size of the detecting portion.
- the dimensions of the sensor covering portion that covers the detection portion with a shallow step are, for example, 50 mm to 60 mm, and the thickness is 5 mm or less.
- the thickness of the sensor cover is preferably about 2 mm to 5 mm for the reason that a smaller thickness leads to an improvement in detection sensitivity.
- Concrete refers to cement, water, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and an admixture added as necessary, which are mixed and mixed by other methods or hardened.
- the mortar is a mixture of cement, water, fine aggregate, and an admixture material to be added as necessary, which are kneaded and mixed by other methods, or hardened.
- the paste refers to a cement, water, and an admixture that is added as necessary, which constitutes a constituent material, and these are kneaded and mixed by other methods or cured.
- the fine aggregate refers to an aggregate that passes through all of the 10 mm screen and passes through the 5 mm screen by 85% or more.
- Coarse aggregate is an aggregate that remains 85% or more by mass on a 5 mm screen. Concrete was used for the sensor exterior.
- the sensor covering portion is made of mortar with an air amount of 5 to 20%, and has a small volume occupancy that does not affect the proof strength of the sensor itself, and a recess is provided in the surface layer of the thick plate-shaped sensor exterior portion of FIG. A detection unit is mounted in the recess, and this is coated and embedded. The thickness was 2 mm. The sensor coating is exposed.
- the cement used for the coated mortar in addition to ordinary Portland cement, other Portland cement, mixed cement such as blast furnace cement and fly ash cement, low heat blast furnace cement, intermediate heat fly ash cement and the like may be used. Moreover, it is not limited to a commercial item, The cement manufactured by changing the mixing ratio etc. of a mixing material may be sufficient.
- the amount of Al 2 O 3 contained in the coated mortar is determined by the type of cement used, the composition of the coating mortar, etc., but the amount of Al 2 O 3 contained in the coating mortar per unit volume showing good salt permeability is 40 g. It is preferable to select the cement type and the composition so that the permeability is not good when it is more than / liter, desirably 32 g / L or less, more desirably 30 g / L or less.
- Table 1 shows the basic composition of the coated mortar.
- MC represents a humectant (methylcellulose), and TB represents an organic fiber (polyamide fiber 5 mm long).
- the fine limestone powder used had a brain value of 4000.
- MC as a moisturizing agent, relieves the progress of initial drying, and TB imparts molding stability and is used to prevent cracking and warping.
- the fine aggregate can be used by appropriately changing the type and amount thereof.
- the water may be tap water, or JIS compatible water.
- the range of the water cement ratio (% by weight) of the mortar is preferably set in the range of about 20% to 70%.
- the water cement ratio is most preferably equal to the water cement ratio of the target concrete, and may be set as small as 10% or less.
- FIG. 3 shows a mixing flow using the Hobart mixer of the sensor coating mortar.
- a hardened body is prepared using the composition of Table 2 with fine aggregate (sand) added at the S / P ratio of Table 1 to create a hardened body, fresh air amount, salt penetration test, accelerated neutralization test
- Table 3 shows the results of the strength test and the visual crack confirmation test.
- BB blast furnace cement
- FAC fly ash cement
- MFC moderately hot fly ash cement
- LC low heat Portland cement.
- Table 3 is a test result list example (age 14 days: excluding the amount of Al 2 O 3 per unit volume of the sensor coating part excluding the volume of fine aggregate).
- the evaluation result ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) of each test excluding the fresh air amount the criteria shown in Table 4 due to the difference from Comparative Example 7 (result of reference concrete using OPC). It was evaluated by. The age at that time is 14 days. (7 *: standard concrete)
- the strength was measured in accordance with JIS R5201 Annex 2 “Cement Test Method—Measurement of Strength” using a specimen immediately after the predetermined curing.
- the amount of air is the volume ratio of the amount of air to the volume of the mortar specimen immediately after mixing.
- the test was conducted using a container having a capacity of 400 cm 3 in accordance with JIS A1116 “Test method for unit volume mass of fresh concrete and test method based on mass of air amount (mass method)”.
- the specimens for the salt penetration test and the accelerated neutralization test were mixed with mortar, then placed in a 40 ⁇ 40 ⁇ 160 mm mold, demolded the next day, sealed for 3 days, and then air cured for 5 days. It started later.
- the specimen after the prescribed curing process is immersed in an aqueous solution having a room temperature of 20 ° C., a water temperature of 20 ° C. ⁇ 3 ° C., and a salinity (NaCl) concentration of 3.0 ⁇ 0.3%, and is taken out every age.
- the test specimen was split to expose the cross section, and a 5% potassium chromate solution was sprayed several times on the cross section and dried.
- the penetration of salt in Examples 1 to 17 generally reaches a penetration depth higher than that of the reference concrete in the specimen having an air amount of about 5 to 20%.
- the penetration depth reaches 1.3 times that of the standard concrete. This indicates that in the examples, the salinity or neutralization proceeds deeper than the standard concrete at the same age, and is detected using mortar with an air content of about 5 to 20%. It is shown that if the part is coated with a thickness of 2 to 5 mm, the influence of the corrosion factor that should reach the actual reinforcing bar can be detected earlier.
- the results of the salt penetration and neutralization tests tend to increase to the same extent or the difference as the ages progress.
- a sensor including a substrate or the like in which a detection unit, a sensor exterior unit, and a sensor coating unit are integrated, and a cable (unnecessary when wireless) are embedded in the sensor exterior unit.
- the RFID tag part may be embedded in the sensor exterior part, or may be separately installed as shown in the figure.
- a wireless sensor is used.
- the wireless system is an extremely effective means for maintaining and managing new structures and existing structures, not only in terms of efficiency but also in terms of data retention and long-term durability. In particular, when embedding in an existing structure, careful repair is required in the vicinity of the housing surface of the drilling portion, and the advantage of being wireless is great.
- the cement mortar covering the detection unit 11 may be any shape as long as there is no problem in installation, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, a plate, a cylinder, and a staircase. Particularly preferred are those having A sensor exterior part is produced using a mold having the shape. At this time, since the position accuracy of the detection unit 11 is determined by the formwork, the installation is simple. The detection part 11 will be installed in the predetermined position of a sensor exterior part previously before pouring mortar. After the detection unit 11 is installed on the sensor exterior part 12, a mortar having a predetermined air amount that has not yet solidified is poured into the sensor exterior part to form a sensor coating part and cured.
- the corrosion sensor according to the present embodiment can be manufactured in the factory using the above-described method, quality and accuracy are ensured, and in the measurement in concrete, variation in detection data of the corrosion sensor is suppressed. Can do. That is, it is possible to provide a corrosion sensor with less uncertainty.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the corrosion sensor is attached to the new structure.
- the corrosion sensor 10 is installed at an arbitrary position so as not to cause a problem in the structure.
- the corrosion sensor is fixed using internal rebar.
- the cable is pulled out.
- the RFID tag 20 or the like is installed in the structure together.
- the corrosion sensor and the tag may be connected by wire, and may be installed at the same location or in a divided location.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the corrosion sensor 10 is attached to an existing structure. A part of the cover concrete of the existing structure is suspended to expose the reinforcing bar portion, and then the corrosion sensor 10 is installed, and the suspended portion is filled with repair mortar or the like. As a result, both wired and wireless can be used.
- the radio may be not only RFID but also specific low power radio or active type RFID loaded with batteries.
- the wireless communication unit is preferably embedded in the structure, but may be installed outside the structure.
- the protective function of the detection unit 11 is dramatically improved when the detection unit 11 is installed on the sensor exterior and then covered with a predetermined mortar. Therefore, it can be easily installed in the concrete to be inspected.
- Reinforcement corrosion environment detection sensor with high detection sensitivity is realized without adversely affecting the strength, durability, and proof strength of the concrete frame, and the corrosion factor that erodes in the vicinity of the reinforcing bar is attached to the rebar inside the reinforced concrete.
- Corrosion environment detection sensor that can be captured before reaching When the detection unit 11 is an iron member, it is covered with a passive film because it is placed in an alkaline environment in the concrete. As a result, it becomes hard to rust compared with the detection part which is not put in the concrete, and handling becomes easy.
- a thin wire is produced by applying tension to iron and pulling it, whereas an iron foil material is produced by rolling iron.
- the thin wire has a diameter of 0.1 mm or more even at the finest, while the iron foil material has a thickness of less than 0.1 mm.
- the more preferable thickness of the iron foil material as a sensor for detecting the progress of corrosion of the steel material in the concrete structure is 3 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.1 mm.
- the thickness of the iron foil is preferably 3 ⁇ m or more. If the thickness is less than 3 ⁇ m, the physical strength may be insufficient at the time of placing the concrete, resulting in disconnection. Considering the physical strength and the sensitivity of corrosion detection, it is more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less.
- the line width of the iron foil if the line width is less than 0.1 mm, disconnection may occur during etching. On the other hand, the adhesion with the base material is weak, and manufacturing or placing concrete Prone to damage. From the viewpoint of etching, concrete placement, installation, and protection by film, 0.1 mm or more is desirable, and when the line width is thick, the sensitivity due to corrosion cutting decreases, so the line width may be 2.0 mm or less. preferable.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the corrosion sensor device according to the present embodiment.
- a conductor pattern portion 110a formed of an iron foil material is held on a substrate 110b, and the conductor pattern portion 110a is electrically connected to the corrosion detection portion 102. Since the conductive pattern portion 110a is formed of an iron foil material, the thickness is less than 0.1 mm.
- the conductor pattern portion 110a and the substrate 110b constitute a sensor.
- the conductor pattern portion 110a can take a two-dimensionally complicated shape.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram showing a two-dimensional uneven conductor pattern portion 110a
- FIG. 7B is a diagram showing a two-dimensional spiral conductor pattern.
- the iron foil material since the iron foil material is used, it is possible to configure the conductor pattern portion 110a having a complicated shape that is impossible with a thin wire.
- the formation of a two-dimensional concavo-convex or spiral circuit on a substrate makes it possible to realize the line length in a space-saving manner.
- the length of the wire in the study using iron foil with a thickness of 5 to 25 ⁇ m and a wire width of 1.0 mm, about 10% of the sensors that were not cut with respect to the salt-containing concrete were found when the wire length was 20 mm. All the wires were disconnected by setting the length to 50 mm or more. The length of the wire depends on the thickness of the iron foil to be used, the wire width, and the installable space, but the wire length is preferably 50 mm or more.
- the line length exceeds 1000 mm, the area of the pattern portion becomes large, which is not preferable for embedding in the structure.
- the thickness of the iron foil is 20 ⁇ m
- the line width of the conductor pattern portion is 1.0 mm
- the total line length is 250 mm.
- a lead wire 116 is connected to the sensor, embedded in a concrete structure, the other lead wire 116 connected to the sensor is pulled out of the concrete structure, and a corrosion detection unit comprising an interface circuit and a detection circuit And a corrosion sensor device can be configured.
- this corrosion detection unit it is possible to detect a disconnection by grasping the electrical characteristics of the sensor unit connected to the lead wire 116.
- FIG. 6 it is possible to measure over a long period of time by configuring the corrosion detection unit with a batteryless wireless module typified by passive RFID and burying the entire corrosion sensor device in a concrete structure. It becomes possible.
- the wireless module By configuring the wireless module, it is possible to transmit the lead wire 116 connected to the sensor to eliminate the possibility that the corrosion factor penetrates into the concrete, and to prevent the lead wire 116 itself from being deteriorated by corrosion. it can. Further, by embedding the corrosion sensor device itself in the concrete, it has an effect of preventing deterioration due to the corrosion factor of the corrosion detecting portion. Since corrosion sensor devices are often used to detect concrete in corrosive environments, it is necessary to configure the corrosion sensor device with a wireless module and embed it in a concrete structure from the viewpoint of ensuring the durability of the device itself. And the effect is great.
- the interface circuit 112 shown in FIG. 6 is a circuit that connects the conductor pattern unit 110a and the wireless module 113, and the electrical characteristics of the derived pattern 10a such as voltage (potential difference), electrical resistance, impedance, capacitance, etc.
- a value or the like is passed to the wireless module as an output value.
- a resistance value that is an electrical characteristic of the derived pattern 10a is obtained by applying a constant voltage, and a value corresponding to the resistance value is output as a voltage value.
- the wireless module 113 transmits detection information to the outside by wireless transmission / reception, such as a specific small and small power wireless, RFID, and wireless LAN, and includes a detection circuit 113a and a wireless communication circuit 113b.
- the detection circuit 113a reads a signal from the interface circuit 112, and corresponds to an analog / digital conversion circuit or the like. In the present embodiment, the voltage of the conductor pattern portion 110a is detected.
- the wireless communication circuit 113b wirelessly transmits the detection result of the detection circuit 113a to an external reading device via the antenna 114.
- the interface circuit 112, the wireless module 113, and the antenna 114 constitute a corrosion detection unit.
- the wireless communication circuit 113b of the wireless module 113 includes a modulation circuit, a charging / power supply unit, a memory, and the like.
- This power supply unit may be of a type equipped with a battery, or may be of a so-called battery-less type, that is, having a power storage function and temporarily storing an induced voltage due to electromagnetic waves supplied from the outside. good.
- the memory included in the wireless communication circuit 113b includes an operating system that performs overall control, a program that detects the state of the structure, and a ROM and RAM that are used for recording the detected information.
- An ID number of the sensor may be mounted in the memory, or information related to the embedded position of the structure may be written in the RAM from the reading device, and the information may be read by the reading device together with the information detected by the sensor.
- the antenna 114 in FIG. 6 is made of metal, carbon fiber, ferrite, or the like, and is preferably a hollow winding, a magnetic winding, or a substrate formed by using a printing technique. These materials may be used by being sandwiched between films such as PET, and the shape thereof may be used after being molded into an appropriate shape such as a ring shape, a rod shape, or a disk shape.
- the conductor pattern portion 110a is provided on a surface substantially orthogonal to the direction in which the corrosion factor proceeds, the probability of capturing the corrosion factor can be increased. Further, a plurality of conductor pattern portions 110a are provided in parallel to the depth direction. As a result, it is possible to capture the corrosion factor penetrating into the concrete over time, which makes it possible to accurately predict the time until the corrosion factor reaches the steel material based on the theory of diffusion. This is useful information for the maintenance of structures.
- the corrosion factor penetrates from the concrete surface to the inside by diffusion
- the distance from the concrete surface to the conductor pattern portion 110a is A
- the distance from the concrete surface to the steel material is B
- the corrosion sensor device corrodes from the construction of the concrete structure.
- the time at which the factor is detected is TA
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an experiment of the corrosion sensor device according to the present embodiment.
- the sensor conductor pattern portion
- the substrate 110b is 40 mm wide and 50 mm long.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the width may be 20 mm to 100 mm, and the length may be 20 mm to 100 mm.
- the exposed surface is defined as the entrance direction of chloride ion.
- the exposed surface was not coated, and the other five surfaces were coated with resin. Moreover, the installation position of the sensor performed the case where the depth from an exposed surface is 15 mm, and the case of 35 mm. This specimen was immersed in a 15% aqueous sodium chloride solution and subjected to a salt penetration test into concrete. And the resistance change by corrosion of the iron foil of a conductor pattern part was detected by the chloride ion which is a corrosion factor.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing experimental results. As shown in FIG. 9, a resistance change due to disconnection was detected from a sensor installed at a position of 15 mm close to the salt immersion surface (exposed surface). As a result, it was clearly understood that the corrosion factor had permeated. Thereafter, a resistance change due to disconnection was also detected from a sensor installed at a position 35 mm from the immersion surface (exposed surface) of salt. As a result, when the sensor (conductor pattern part) is made of iron foil material, the sensitivity is high, the time difference in disconnection is small compared to other types, the degree of design freedom is large, and the manufacturing difficulty is low. I was able to confirm.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a procedure of a method for producing a conductor pattern portion according to this embodiment.
- the iron foil material and the base material are integrated to produce an iron foil sheet (step S1).
- an adhesive is applied to a resin film (for example, a resin film such as PET or polyimide material) serving as a base material, and the iron foil material and the base material are bonded together using a roller or the like. Thereby, an iron foil sheet is produced.
- a resin film for example, a resin film such as PET or polyimide material
- a resist film of a conductor pattern is formed on the iron foil of the iron foil sheet produced in step S1 (step S2). That is, a resist film in the shape of a sensor (conductor pattern portion) and a circuit is formed on the iron foil of the iron foil sheet by screen printing or photo printing. At the same time, a guide or the like for individually cutting and separating the sensor by a punching die after completion is printed.
- step S3 etching is performed (step S3).
- the resist-printed iron foil sheet is etched in an etching tank.
- the exposed iron foil not provided with the resist film is dissolved by the etching solution (for example, ferric chloride solution).
- the iron foil sheet is taken out from the etching tank and the adhering liquid is washed. Thereafter, the resist film is removed with a solvent or the like to complete the outer shape of the conductor pattern portion and the circuit.
- step S4 division after molding is performed.
- the sensor conductor pattern portion formed integrally with the circuit for connection
- water-resistant paint is printed and a protective film is applied to waterproof and protect other circuits.
- the sensors subjected to the protection process are individually cut and separated using a punching die.
- the resin sheet has low heat resistance, it is difficult to use solder. For this reason, you may form a connection part using a fitting terminal.
- the terminal is provided by caulking the connection ground portion of the circuit using a fitting terminal. And it connects with a corrosion detection part with a connector lead wire.
- the penetration of corrosion factors of steel in concrete structures proceeds uniformly from the concrete surface in the depth direction.
- the corrosion factor reaches the detection unit (sensor) embedded in the concrete, the corrosion of the sensor is started and the progress of the corrosion progresses uniformly in the same environment. That is, the sensitivity of the sensor that detects disconnection due to the progress of corrosion depends on the thickness or diameter. That is, the smaller the sensor thickness (thinner), the higher the sensitivity of the sensor.
- a technology to detect changes in resistance value is known. However, in order to detect disconnection by detecting a significant change in resistance value, the time required for corrosion is reduced, that is, the sensor It is very important to increase sensitivity.
- the sensor described in Patent Document 4 has a thickness reduced by denying the fine iron wire whose diameter is limited to 0.1 mm and applying iron plating to the base material. It is.
- the technique of plating metal on the base material as in Patent Document 4 causes problems of side etching and pinholes. For this reason, the method of applying iron plating to the base material is not the best measure.
- the senor is made of iron foil that is a single material.
- the thickness of the iron foil material is 5 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less as described above.
- the diameter is 0.1 mm with the finest fine wire. Therefore, compared with the case where the thinnest thin line is used, in the present invention, a sensor with high sensitivity can be realized by setting the thickness of the sensor to 1 ⁇ 4 or less.
- Non-Patent Document 1 “4.1 Sensitivity of Sensor that does not Energize,” describes the state of corrosion fracture of iron wires embedded in concrete. Here, it is thought that “... the iron wire caused the corrosion fracture. However, in this case, the amount of chloride ions has reached nearly 12 kg / m 3 , which is considered to be the critical amount of corrosion of rebar in concrete. compared to 1.2 ⁇ 2.4kg / m 3 was extremely large. ... also in other specimens, chloride ion amount of depth 5mm position reached 8 ⁇ 10kg / m 3, ... for the position No change was found in the resistance measurement results. " This means that the 0.1 mm iron wire did not break unless the chloride ion amount approached 12 kg / m 3 .
- Example Outline 1 In the specification of the present application, as a test showing the detection sensitivity of the iron foil sensor, a result of performing an acceleration test in which the sensor is embedded in ordinary concrete and the concrete is cured and then repeatedly immersed and dried in salt water is shown. Furthermore, in order to supplement this and confirm the detection performance of the corrosion sensor according to the present invention, an iron foil sensor and an iron wire sensor as a comparison were tested. FIG. 11 shows the state of this experiment. In this test, in order to clarify the environment in which the sensor corrodes, concrete was added and kneaded in advance, and the performance was confirmed by burying and installing the sensor.
- the materials used for concrete are ordinary cement, water (tap water), fine aggregate (sand) and coarse aggregate (gravel) specified by JIS.
- the concrete was mixed with ordinary ordinary concrete, and the mass ratio of water and cement was set to 0.65 (water / cement ratio 65%) to ensure water and oxygen permeability.
- salt Cl conversion
- the amount of salt added was 5 levels, and was added to the concrete so that it would be 0 kg / m 3 , 0.8 kg / m 3 , 1.6 kg / m 3 , 3.2 kg / m 3 and 6.4 kg / m 3 in terms of Cl, respectively.
- the sensor was installed at a depth of 15 mm from the open surface, and the sensor was installed parallel to the open surface.
- a sensor lead wire was taken out of the concrete specimen.
- the accelerated test was conducted in a 60 ° C environment where corrosion of the reinforcing bars is likely to proceed, and repeated immersion and drying tests in 60 ° C immersion in water for 3 days, 60 ° C and 60% relative humidity for 3 days in one cycle were performed. . Distilled water was used as the water in which the test specimen was immersed.
- a wired lead wire was taken out of the test body in advance, and the electrical resistance of the sensor detection unit was measured using a digital multimeter every accelerated cycle.
- FIGS. 12 to 14 show changes in resistance values of the corrosion sensors in an environment having a salinity of 1.6 kg / m 3 . While no change in resistance value was observed for the iron wire having a diameter of 0.1 mm, changes in the resistance value were observed for all the sensors using the iron foil. A change in resistance value exceeding the upper limit of the graph means a disconnection.
- FIG. 13 shows the percentage of sensors that break at each salinity concentration in the case of an iron foil sensor having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m
- FIG. 14 shows the case of an iron wire sensor for comparison.
- the thickness of the iron foil is 25 ⁇ m or less, it can be judged that the sensitivity is sufficient as a sensor that captures the amount of chloride ions of 1.2 to 2.4 kg / m 3 , which is considered to be the limit of rebar corrosion occurrence in concrete. it is conceivable that. This can be said to be a remarkable effect for the sensor of iron wire. Furthermore, in the present invention, since the iron foil itself is used instead of plating, there is no problem even if there is a pinhole. Moreover, the problem of side etching does not occur.
- (I) Corrosion sensor The corrosion sensor used in the test is an iron foil sensor made of 10 ⁇ m thick iron foil, and changes the line width and length of the detection part as a form factor, and each level in the experiment The n number of the iron foil sensor was set to 5.
- the materials used for the concrete were ordinary cement, water (tap water), and JIS stipulated aggregate.
- the concrete was mixed with ordinary ordinary concrete, and the mass ratio of water and cement was set to 0.65 (water / cement ratio 65%) to ensure water and oxygen permeability.
- salt sodium chloride
- the amount of salt added was 5 levels, and each was added to concrete so that it would be 3.6 kg / m 3 or 4.8 kg / m 3 in terms of Cl.
- the sensor was installed at a depth of 15 mm from the open surface, and the sensor was installed parallel to the open surface.
- a sensor lead wire was taken out of the concrete specimen.
- the accelerated test was conducted in a 60 ° C environment in which corrosion of the reinforcing bars is likely to proceed, and repeated immersion and drying tests in 60 ° C water immersion for 1 day, 60 ° C and 60% relative humidity for 1 day in one cycle were conducted. . Distilled water was used as the water in which the test specimen was immersed.
- a wired lead wire was taken out of the test body in advance, and the electrical resistance of the sensor detection unit was measured using a digital multimeter every accelerated cycle.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a state in which 50% corrosion cutting has occurred by changing the line width of the sensor.
- the conductor pattern part is 10 ⁇ m thick and each of the five iron foil sensors with varying line widths embedded in 4.8 kg / m 3 of concrete, half of them were judged to be cut, that is, it was judged that they were cut by corrosion.
- the number of corrosion sensors where an increase in the resistance value was observed was changed from two to three, the number of cycles was evaluated as 50% corrosion cutting with repeated immersion in water and drying.
- the line widths were 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 2 mm. However, for 0.25 mm sensors, the resistance increased immediately after placing concrete, and some sensors did not function as sensors.
- the line width is as thin as 0.25 mm, it is difficult to ensure the strength of the conductor pattern portion by placing concrete, which is not shown in FIG.
- the corrosion cutting time was cut in proportion to the square of the line width.
- the corrosion rate in concrete is generally expressed as a constant area and weight loss over a period of time as g / cm 2 ⁇ year.
- the number of cycles when the line width is 2 mm is 20, which corresponds to 40 days even in a severe salt damage environment in the test. If the line width is thicker than 2 mm, for example, if it is 3 mm, the corrosion cutting time will be 90 days, making it impractical as a concrete corrosion sensor for structural maintenance.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing each iron foil sensor used in the test as a number of cycles of 50% corrosion cutting according to line length.
- the longer the line length the better the sensitivity to detect corrosion.
- the line length is 50 mm
- stable corrosion initiation can be detected at a relatively high salinity of 4.8 kg / m 3
- corrosion initiation can be detected at a low salinity of 3.6 kg / m 3
- the sensitivity Can be seen to decrease.
- an iron foil sensor with a wire length of 50 mm was 50% corrosive cut within 6 cycles, and all the iron foil sensors showed an increase in resistance within 15 cycles.
- an iron foil sensor with a line length of 20 mm and a line width of 1.0 mm at 4.8 kg / m 3 that was carried out in the same way showed an increase in resistance even after 80 cycles.
- a wire length of 20 mm or less is not desirable as a corrosion sensor device.
- the wire length as the iron foil sensor of the present invention is longer than 20 mm and not longer than 1000 mm, more preferably not smaller than 50 mm and not larger than 1000 mm.
- the detection detection unit of the present invention determines the start of corrosion based on changes in electrical characteristics. However, it is necessary to use iron in concrete for an optimum circuit for enabling more sensitive and stable measurement. The behavior of the foil sensor was examined.
- the measurement of the change in electrical characteristics is not particularly limited, but since the power consumption due to the complexity of the apparatus can be suppressed, the application to the conductor pattern portion with direct current was examined.
- the interface circuit and the detection circuit of the detection unit are the circuits shown in FIG. 17, the total applied voltage is in the range of 0.1 to 18 V, and the series resistance R1 with the conductive pattern unit is changed from 180 ⁇ to 480 k ⁇ to change the conductor pattern unit.
- the applied voltage was changed.
- the theoretical resistance value of the conductor pattern portion was obtained from the total applied voltage, the resistance value of R1, and the voltage measured at the conductor pattern portion (voltage applied to the conductor pattern portion).
- the voltage measurement at the conductor pattern portion was performed using an oscilloscope after amplifying the voltage through an amplifier circuit.
- a conductor pattern with a line width of 0.5 to 2.0 mm, a line length of 5 to 50 mm, and an iron foil thickness of 10 to 20 ⁇ m, a salt concentration of 1.2 to 4.8 kg / m 3 (Cl conversion) The result of having measured the electrostatic capacitance and resistance about the conductor pattern part embed
- the equivalent logic circuit at the time of measurement is a parallel circuit of a capacitance component and a resistor, and the measurement frequency is 100 kHz.
- the above phenomenon indicates that the capacitance component increases or decreases depending on the progress of corrosion, and it can be seen that the alternating current measurement is difficult to detect because the current consumption changes due to the change in capacitance.
- the criterion for starting corrosion cutting is “arbitrary resistance of 100 ⁇ or more and 10K ⁇ or less”
- stable measurement with the influence of the capacitance component is suppressed at an applied voltage of 0.1mV or more and 2V or less at DC. Is possible.
- the iron wire sensor has a diameter of 0.1 mm and a length of 50 mm.
- the iron foil sensor has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and a length of 50 mm, and the surface facing the PET film of the substrate is not subject to corrosion factor erosion.
- the width in which the surface area other than that is equivalent to the surface area of the iron wire sensor was calculated. Theoretical resistance values were calculated from these shape conditions and iron resistivity, and the changes in resistance values were illustrated for each corrosion model.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the model 1
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the model 2.
- the length of the corroded portion was examined from 0.1 to 10 mm.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a change in resistance value according to the model 1.
- the resistance change tendency of the iron wire sensor and the iron foil sensor is almost the same.
- the resistance change of about 4 ⁇ which is the criterion for corrosion rupture in Non-Patent Document 1 “4.1 Sensitivity of sensor not energized”
- corrosion phenomena are generally unevenly distributed and that some of the corroded parts develop. Further, assuming use in the target concrete, the non-uniformity of the concrete Therefore, it does not always corrode as in model 1.
- FIG. 23, FIG. 24, FIG. 25, and FIG. 26 are diagrams showing the results when it is assumed that the length of the corroded portion in model 2 is 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mm, respectively.
- the difference between the iron foil and the iron wire becomes clear as the disconnection approaches.
- the cross-sectional area remaining rate at the time when the resistance value changes markedly tends to increase as the length of the corroded portion increases. It was found that the resistance value of the iron foil changes abruptly when the cross-sectional area residual ratio is 10% or less regardless of the length of the corroded portion.
- Fig. 27 is a graph in which the corroded part lengths of 0.1 mm and 10 mm are overlapped as a result of examination in model 2.
- the wire sensor is judged to be broken by the resistance change of 4 ⁇ shown in Non-Patent Document 1 “4.1 Sensitivity of sensor that does not conduct current”, it is judged that the cross-sectional area remaining rate of the corroded portion is 30 to 50%. Therefore, the disconnection judgment range becomes wide depending on the progress of corrosion.
- the iron foil sensor can detect a state where the remaining area of the cross-sectional area is 5% or less by detecting when the resistance value changes in the range of several ⁇ to several hundred ⁇ , and can detect a state closer to disconnection than the iron wire.
- a rapid change in resistance value occurs near the disconnection in the iron foil, so that the range in which the disconnection determination is performed is narrow and enables reliable detection.
- the corrosion phenomenon in concrete is not necessarily represented only by the model according to this study, but a complex corrosion model of model 1 and model 2 is also conceivable. In this case, the plot value in FIG. 22 is broader, and if a change in resistance value of 4 ⁇ is regarded as a disconnection using an iron wire sensor, the disconnection determination range is widened and the uncertainty is increased.
- the sensor was installed at a depth of 15 mm from the open surface, and the sensor was installed parallel to the open surface.
- a sensor lead wire was taken out of the concrete specimen.
- the accelerated test was conducted in a 60 ° C environment in which corrosion of the reinforcing bars is likely to proceed, and repeated immersion and drying tests in 60 ° C water immersion for 1 day, 60 ° C and 60% relative humidity for 1 day in one cycle were conducted. . Distilled water was used as the water in which the test specimen was immersed.
- a wired lead wire was taken out of the test body in advance, and the electrical resistance of the sensor detection unit was measured using a digital multimeter every accelerated cycle.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a change in resistance value over time by the acceleration test. Five samples were prepared for each amount of salt to be added, the resistance value of each sample was measured with a digital multimeter in accordance with the acceleration cycle, and the average resistance value of the five samples was plotted. The level of 0 kg / m 3 added with salt was excluded because there was no change in resistance.
- the change tendency of the resistance value varies depending on the difference in the amount of added salt, and the slope increases as the amount of salt increases.
- notable range of several ⁇ to several hundred ⁇ which is considered to be the initial stage of corrosion, is noticeable in the upward trend from 1 K ⁇ to M ⁇ order.
- the amount of salt in the concrete can be assumed by the slope of the resistance value at a certain point and the resistance value after a certain period of time.
- it is possible to detect disconnection due to corrosion in the range of several ohms to several hundred ohms, and by measuring the change in resistance value after 1 K ⁇ or more, the amount of salt Can be estimated.
- the sensor of the present invention it is effective to measure several ⁇ to 1 K ⁇ at the initial stage of corrosion and to measure up to M ⁇ order.
- the thickness of the conductor pattern portion from the substrate is less than 0.1 mm, it is possible to shorten the time until the wire breaks rather than the thin wire, and as a result, the sensor It is possible to increase the sensitivity.
- the entire sensor can be made as small as possible and the area of the conductor pattern portion can be increased. As a result, it is possible to increase the probability of contacting the corrosion factor and improve the sensitivity of the sensor.
- the corrosion sensor device is a corrosion sensor device that detects the progress of corrosion of a steel material in a concrete structure, and is a conductor pattern portion formed of an iron foil material produced by rolling iron. And a substrate for holding the conductor pattern part, and measuring the electrical characteristics of the conductor pattern part, and detecting the corrosion factor of the steel material in the concrete structure based on the measured electrical characteristic of the conductor pattern part And a detector.
- the conductor pattern portion is formed by the iron foil material produced by rolling iron, the degree of freedom in design is higher than that in the case of using a conventional thin wire, and the manufacture is facilitated. As a result, a complicated shape can be easily configured. Further, since the thickness of the iron foil material is very thin, it is possible to shorten the time until the wire breaks rather than the thin wire, and as a result, the sensitivity as a sensor is increased and the conductor pattern portion is held by the substrate. Therefore, it is possible to ensure the strength when placing concrete.
- the conductor pattern portion has a thickness of less than 0.1 mm from the substrate, and a two-dimensional uneven or spiral circuit is formed on the substrate. It is characterized by comprising.
- the thickness of the conductor pattern portion from the substrate is less than 0.1 mm, it is possible to shorten the time until disconnection rather than the thin wire, and as a result, it is possible to increase the sensitivity as a sensor. Become.
- the entire sensor can be made as small as possible and the area of the conductor pattern portion can be increased.
- the sensor's sensitivity is improved by increasing the probability of contact with the corrosion factor, and the downsizing enables the installation between the concrete surface and the steel material, which detects the corrosion factor before it reaches the steel material. Is possible.
- the lines need to be long because corrosion occurs stochastically, and the formation of a two-dimensional uneven or spiral circuit on the substrate The same effect as extending the length of the line can be achieved with less space.
- the method for manufacturing a corrosion sensor device is a method for manufacturing a corrosion sensor device for detecting a corrosion factor of a steel material embedded in a concrete structure, and is an iron foil material manufactured by rolling iron
- a step of producing an iron foil sheet by integrating the substrate and the substrate, a step of forming a resist film having a concavo-convex or spiral circuit pattern on the iron foil of the iron foil sheet, and the resist film being formed Etching the iron foil sheet, removing the resist film from the etched iron foil sheet, connecting a conductor to the circuit pattern of the iron foil sheet, the conductor, And a step of connecting a corrosion detecting unit for measuring the physical characteristics and detecting the corrosion of the circuit pattern unit.
- the iron foil material and the substrate are integrated to produce an iron foil sheet, and a resist film having a concavo-convex or spiral circuit pattern is formed on the iron foil of the iron foil sheet and etched.
- a two-dimensionally complicated pattern can be formed.
- the corrosion detection method according to the present embodiment embeds the corrosion sensor device according to any of the above in a concrete structure, measures the electrical characteristics of the conductor pattern portion, and measures the measured conductor pattern portion. It is characterized by detecting steel corrosion factors in concrete structures based on electrical characteristics.
- the conductor pattern portion is formed of an iron foil material, the thickness can be made extremely thin, and the time until disconnection can be shortened rather than the thin wire. As a result, not only the sensitivity as a sensor can be increased, but also detection with low power consumption is possible. Furthermore, since the formed conductor pattern is flat compared to the fine wire, it can be protected with a protective film after manufacturing with glued plastic film, etc., and the fine wire will corrode before installation on concrete On the other hand, it can be transported and installed in a concrete formwork without corroding until installation, and quality can be easily ensured by removing the protective film before placing. In addition, it is difficult to use a protective film because the mechanical strength of aluminum as a base material is insufficient even in the iron plating method.
- the sensor according to this embodiment is a sensor used in a corrosion sensor device that detects the progress of corrosion of steel in a concrete structure, and is a conductor formed of an iron foil material produced by rolling iron. It has a pattern portion and a substrate for holding the conductor pattern portion, and the electrical characteristics of the conductor pattern portion are changed by a steel material corrosion factor in a concrete structure.
- the conductor pattern portion is formed by the iron foil material produced by rolling iron, the degree of freedom in design is higher than that in the case of using a conventional thin wire, and the manufacture is facilitated. As a result, a complicated shape can be easily configured.
- the thickness of the iron foil material is very thin, it is possible to shorten the time until the wire breaks rather than the thin wire, and as a result, the sensitivity as a sensor is increased and the pattern portion is retained during concrete placement. It is possible to ensure the strength of the.
- the sensor manufacturing method is a sensor manufacturing method used in a corrosion sensor device for detecting a steel corrosion factor embedded in a concrete structure, and is manufactured by rolling iron.
- a step of producing an iron foil sheet by integrating a foil material and a substrate, a step of forming a resist film having a concavo-convex or spiral circuit pattern on the iron foil of the iron foil sheet, and the resist film It includes at least a step of etching the formed iron foil sheet and a step of removing the resist film of the iron foil sheet after the etching.
- the iron foil material and the substrate are integrated to produce an iron foil sheet, and a resist film having a concavo-convex or spiral circuit pattern is formed on the iron foil of the iron foil sheet and etched.
- a two-dimensionally complicated pattern can be formed.
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Abstract
Description
線の長さを伸長するのと同じ効果を少ないスペースで実現可能である。
以下、本発明の実施形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。本実施形態に係る腐食センサでは、検出部をセンサ外装部に装着し、モルタルで被覆する構成である。図1は、矩形の検出部11およびそのセンサ外装部12を示す模式図である。検出部11は、例えば、鉄箔を用いて、長方形や正方形、円形、梯子状、階段状など、任意の形状とすることができる。検出部11は、センサ外装部の凹部13にセットし、その表面をセンサ被覆部14で、コートする。センサ被覆部14は、センサ外装部の凹部13全体を被覆しても良い(図1(a))。被覆は、その一部にとどまってもよい(図1(b))。検出部11の寸法は、モルタルに使用している骨材の最大骨材寸法よりも大きいことが好ましい。本実施形態では、検出部11の矩形の一辺の寸法を20mm×30mmとし、センサ外装部の短軸、長軸寸法を60mm×90mmとしている。
コンクリートとは、セメント、水、細骨材、粗骨材および必要に応じて加える混和材料を構成材料とし、これらを練り混ぜその他の方法によって混合したもの、または硬化させたものをいう。モルタルとは、セメント、水、細骨材および必要に応じて加える混和材料を構成材料とし、これらを練り混ぜその他の方法によって混合したもの、または硬化させたものをいう。ペーストとは、セメント、水および必要に応じて加える混和材料を構成材料とし、これらを練り混ぜその他の方法によって混合したもの、または硬化させたものをいう。細骨材とは、10mm網ふるいを全部通り、5mm網ふるいを質量で85%以上通る骨材をいう。粗骨材とは、5mm網ふるいに質量で85%以上とどまる骨材をいう。センサ外装部は、コンクリートを用いた。
センサ被覆部は、空気量が5~20%のモルタル製とし、センサ自身の耐力に影響しない程度の小さな体積占有率で、図2の肉厚平板形状のセンサ外装部の表層に凹部を設け、凹部に検出部を装着し、これをコートし、埋め込む。厚みは2mmとした。センサ被覆部は露出している。
表1に被覆モルタルの基本配合を示した。
図3に、センサ被覆部モルタルのホバートミキサを用いた練混ぜフローを示した。表2の配合に細骨材(砂)を、表1のS/P比で、加えた配合を用いて硬化体を作成して、フレッシュ時の空気量、塩分浸透試験、促進中性化試験、強度試験及び目視によるひび割れ確認試験を実施した結果を表3に示した。表2中、BB:高炉セメント、FAC:フライアッシュセメント、MFC:中庸熱フライアッシュセメント、LC:低熱ポルトランドセメント、である。表3は、試験結果一覧例(材齢14日:細骨材の体積を除いたセンサ被覆部単位容積あたりのAl2O3量は除く)である。なお、フレッシュ時の空気量を除く各試験の評価結果(◎、○、△、▲、×)については、比較例7(OPCを用いた基準コンクリートの結果)との差により表4に示す基準により評価した。そのときの材齢は14日である。(7*:基準となるコンクリート)
腐食センサは、検出部、センサ外装部、センサ被覆部を一体としたセンサ(基板等を含めて良い)と、ケーブル(無線の場合は不要)をセンサ外装部に埋設することもできる。また、無線方式(RFID方式)の場合は、RFIDタグ部をセンサ外装部に埋設してもよく、図の通り、別途、設置することもできる。このとき共に、ワイヤレスのセンサとする。無線方式は、新設構造物、既設構造物の維持管理において、効率化だけでなくデータの保持や、長期耐久性の観点でも極めて有効な手段である。特に、既設構造物に埋設する場合、削孔部の躯体表面近傍は入念な補修が必要となり、無線であることのメリットは大きい。
検出部11を被覆するセメントモルタルは、直方体、立方体、プレート型、円筒状、階段状など、設置に不具合が無ければ任意の形状として良くが、平板状であって、楕円孤、円孤の輪郭を有するものが特に好ましい。前記形状となる型枠を使用してセンサ外装部を作製する。この際、検出部11の位置精度は、型枠で決定するので、設置が簡便である。検出部11は、モルタルを流し込む前にあらかじめセンサ外装部の所定位置に設置されることとなる。検出部11をセンサ外装部12に設置後、まだ固まらない所定空気量のモルタルを前記センサ外装部に流し込んで、センサ被覆部とし、硬化させて作製する。
[新設構造物]
図4は、新設構造物に腐食センサを取り付ける様子を示す図である。構造物に不具合の生じないように、腐食センサ10を任意の位置に設置する。腐食センサの固定は、内部の鉄筋を活用する。有線の場合はケーブルを外に引き出すが、無線の場合は、RFIDタグ20等を一緒に構造物内に設置する。腐食センサとタグは有線で接続し、分割した場所でも、同一の箇所に設置しても良い。
図5は、既設構造物に腐食センサ10を取り付けた様子を示す図である。既設構造物のかぶりコンクリートを一部はつり、鉄筋部を露出させたうえで、腐食センサ10を設置し、補修モルタル等で、はつり部を充填する。これにより、有線・無線ともに活用できる。無線はRFIDだけではなく、特定小電力無線や、電池を積んだアクティブタイプRFIDを用いても良い。また、無線通信部は構造物に埋設することが好ましいが、構造物外に出して設置しても良い。
次に、第2の実施形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。本発明者は、一部の磁性薄膜や磁気デバイス等の特殊用途に用いられる鉄箔材に着目して、これをコンクリート構造物中の鋼材の腐食を診断するために用いることを見出し、本発明をするに至った。鉄箔材は、鉄を電気分解して純鉄にし、それから圧延するため、鉄を非常に薄くすることができる。この鉄箔材であれば、レジストを印刷してエッチングをすることができる。従って、鉄箔材を用いることにより、細線や鉄メッキではできなかった小型で複雑なセンサを構成することが可能となる。なお、本明細書では、鉄箔材と細線との相違を次のように定義する。すなわち、細線は、鉄に張力を与えて引っ張ることにより作製されるものであるのに対し、鉄箔材とは、鉄を圧延することにより作製されるものである。その結果、細線は、最も細くても径が0.1mm以上であるのに対し、鉄箔材は、厚さが0.1mm未満である。
本願明細書では、鉄箔センサの検知感度を示す試験として、センサを普通コンクリート中に埋設し、コンクリートが硬化したのち、塩水中に浸漬・乾燥を繰り返す促進試験を実施した結果を示している。さらに、これを補足し、本願発明に係る腐食センサの検知性能を確認するため、鉄箔センサおよび比較として鉄線センサについて試験を実施した。図11は、この実験の様子を示す図である。この試験は、センサが腐食する環境を明確にするため、予め塩分を添加して練り混ぜたコンクリートを使用し、センサを埋設・設置して、性能確認を行った。
(i)腐食センサ
試験に用いた腐食センサは、鉄箔センサ2種類(厚さ:10μm、20μm)、鉄線センサ1種類(φ0.1mm)の計3水準とした。
コンクリートに使用した材料は、普通セメント、水(上水道水)、JIS規定の細骨材(砂)、粗骨材(砂利)である。コンクリートの配合は一般的な普通コンクリートの配合とし、水および酸素の透過性を確保するため、水とセメントの質量比を0.65と設定した(水セメント比65%)。このコンクリートに、予め塩分(Cl換算)を添加し、腐食環境を変化させたコンクリートを作製した。塩分添加量は5水準とし、それぞれCl換算で0kg/m3、0.8 kg/m3、1.6 kg/m3、3.2 kg/m3、6.4 kg/m3となるようにコンクリートに添加した。これは、コンクリート中の鉄筋の腐食の開始・進行が、塩分条件によって変化するためであり、コンクリート中のCl量:1.2 kg/m3~2.4kg/m3が、鉄筋腐食開始のひとつの指標とされていることから設定した。
試験体は、キュービック状として作製し、6面のうち5面を樹脂で被覆し、残りの1面を曝露面(開放面)として酸素および水の供給面として促進試験を実施した(添付の実験概略図参照)。
図12~図14に塩分濃度1.6 kg/m3の環境下における各腐食センサの抵抗値変化を示した。直径0.1mmの鉄線では全く抵抗値変化が認められなかったのに対し、鉄箔を用いたセンサでは、すべて抵抗値変化が認められた。グラフの上限を超えた抵抗値変化は、断線を意味している。
本願発明に係る腐食センサの検知性能を確認するため、鉄箔センサの検知感度を示す試験として、センサを普通コンクリート中に埋設し、コンクリートが硬化したのち、水中に浸漬・乾燥を繰り返す促進試験を実施した。この試験は、センサが腐食する環境を明確にするため、予め塩分を添加して練り混ぜたコンクリートを使用し、センサを埋設・設置して、性能確認を行ったものである。
(i)腐食センサ
試験に用いた腐食センサは、厚さ10μmの鉄箔を素材とした鉄箔センサとし、形状因子として検知部の線幅、線の長さを変化させ、実験での各水準の鉄箔センサのn数は5とした。
コンクリートに使用した材料は、普通セメント、水(上水道水)、JIS規定の骨材とした。コンクリートの配合は一般的な普通コンクリートの配合とし、水および酸素の透過性を確保するため、水とセメントの質量比を0.65と設定した(水セメント比65%)。このコンクリートに、予め塩分(塩化ナトリウム)を添加し、コンクリートを作製した。塩分添加量は5水準とし、それぞれCl換算で3.6 kg/m3または4.8 kg/m3となるようにコンクリートに添加した。
試験体は、キュービック状として作製し、6面のうち5面を樹脂で被覆し、残りの1面を曝露面(開放面)として酸素および水の供給面として促進試験を実施した(実験概略図参照)。
(その1:線幅について)
図15は、センサの線幅を変化させ、50%の腐食切断が生じた様子を示す図である。導体パターン部が厚さ10μmで、線幅を変化させたそれぞれ鉄箔センサ5つを4.8 kg/m3のコンクリートに埋設した時の、その半数が切断する時期、すなわち、腐食切断したと判断される抵抗値の上昇が認められた腐食センサの数が2つから3つになった時の水中浸漬・乾燥の繰り返しをサイクル数を、50%腐食切断として評価した。線幅は、0.25mm、0.5mm、1mm、および2mm であるが、0.25mmのセンサについては、コンクリート打設直後に抵抗値が上昇し、センサとして機能しないものがあった。これは線幅0.25mmと細い場合にはコンクリート打設による導体パターン部の強度確保が困難であり、図15には示していない。
図16は、試験に用いた各鉄箔センサを線長さ別に50%腐食切断のサイクル数として整理して示した図である。線長さが長いほど、腐食を検知する感度が向上する。一方、線長さが50mmにおいては、塩分濃度が比較的高い4.8 kg/m3で安定した腐食開始の時期を検知できるが、塩分濃度が低い3.6 kg/m3では腐食開始を検知できるが感度が低下することが判る。4.8 kg/m3における試験では、線長さ50mmとした鉄箔センサが6サイクル以内に50%腐食切断し、また、15サイクル以内にすべて鉄箔センサで抵抗値の上昇が認められたのに対して、図には示していないが、同様に実施した4.8 kg/m3における線長さ20mm、線幅1.0mmとした鉄箔センサでは、80サイクルを超えても抵抗値の上昇が認められないセンサがあり、線長さ20mm以下では腐食センサ装置として望ましくない。
線幅1mm、線長50mm、鉄箔厚さ10μmとした導体パターン部を用い、前述と同様の塩分濃度1.2kg/m3(Cl換算)としたコンクリートに埋設し、42サイクル後経過後に導体パターン部を、図17に示す回路で測定した。導体パターン部は、塩分濃度が比較的低いことから、腐食開始直後である。なお、導体パターン部のコンクリート埋設直後の抵抗値は、5.8Ωであった。
測定の結果、計算された導体パターン部の抵抗値を図18に示す。導体パターン部への印加電圧が0.1mV以上、2V以下で安定した測定が可能であった。導体パターン部への印加電圧が2Vを越える場合、測定開始直後から導体パターン部で測定される電圧は測定直後から急速に低下し、測定が不安定となった。この原因の詳細は不明であるが、導体パターン部への印加電圧が高いと、腐食で断線した導体パターン部においてコンクリート中の細孔溶液に含まれる各種イオンと腐食した導体パターン部が反応し、電流が流れやすくなったためと考えられる。一方で、印加電圧が0.1mVを下回ると、導体パターン部で測定される電圧が経時的に増加して測定が不安定となった。これは、詳細は不明であるが、腐食切断によって導体パターン部に容量成分を持つことによって、導体パターン部への印加電圧が低いと分極に時間を要し、測定が不安定になるばかりでなく、見かけ上、抵抗値が小さく測定されるためと考えられる。抵抗値が小さく測定された場合、導体パターン部で腐食切断が開始しているにも関わらず、電気的特性の変化として捉えられないということになる。
(i)腐食センサ
試験に用いた腐食センサは、厚さ10μmの鉄箔を素材とした鉄箔センサとし、形状因子として検知部の線幅、線の長さ、線間隔を変化させ、実験での各水準の鉄箔センサのn数は5とした。
コンクリートに使用した材料は、普通セメント、水(上水道水)、JIS規定の骨材とした。コンクリートの配合は一般的な普通コンクリートの配合とし、水および酸素の透過性を確保するため、水とセメントの質量比を0.65と設定した(水セメント比65%)。このコンクリートに、予め塩分(Cl換算塩化ナトリウム)を添加し、腐食環境を変化させたコンクリートを作製した。塩分添加量は5水準とし、それぞれCl換算で0 kg/m3~9.6 kg/m3となるようにコンクリートに添加した。
試験体は、キュービック状として作製し、6面のうち5面を樹脂で被覆し、残りの1面を曝露面(開放面)として酸素および水の供給面として促進試験を実施した(添付の実験概略図参照)。
線の長さを伸長するのと同じ効果を少ないスペースで実現可能である。
11 検出部
12 センサ外装部
13 凹部
14 センサ被覆部
20 RFIDタグ
100 鉄筋
101 腐食センサ装置
102 腐食検出部
110a 導体パターン部
110b 基板
112 インタフェース回路
113 無線モジュール
113a 検出回路
113b 無線通信回路
114 アンテナ
Claims (6)
- 鉄筋コンクリート構造物中の鉄筋の腐食環境を検出するセンサであって、
鉄筋を腐食させる腐食因子のコンクリートへの浸透状態を検出し、前記腐食因子の浸透状態を示すデータを出力する検出部と、
前記検出部を被覆する腐食因子の浸透を妨げないセンサ被覆部と、
埋設対象である構造物の耐力を低下させない強度をもつセンサ外装部と、を備えることを特徴とする腐食センサ。 - 前記センサ外装部は、検査対象の構造物のコンクリートと同等以上の強度を有する材料で成形されており、アルミナ、ジルコニア、窒化珪素、炭化珪素に代表されるファインセラミックス材料、或いは、検査対象の構造物のコンクリートと同等以上の強度を有するコンクリート、モルタル若しくはペーストであり、
前記センサ被覆部は、検査対象の構造物のコンクリートと同等以上の腐食因子の浸透性状を有する材料であるコンクリート、モルタル若しくはペーストで成形されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の腐食センサ。 - 前記検出部は、
鉄を圧延することにより作製され、厚さが5μm以上25μm以下である鉄箔材で形成された導体パターン部と、
前記導体パターン部を保持する基板と、を備え、
前記腐食因子によって、前記導体パターン部が断線し、前記導体パターン部の抵抗値の変化が生ずることを特徴とする請求項1記載の腐食センサ。 - 前記導体パターン部は、前記基板上で、二次元的な凹凸形状または渦巻き形状の回路を構成することを特徴とする請求項3記載の腐食センサ。
- 前記センサ外装部は、少なくとも、その一部に円孤、又は楕円孤の輪郭を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の腐食センサ。
- 前記検出部は、前記データを無線信号で出力することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5のいずれかに記載の腐食センサ。
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