WO2011040478A1 - 発光素子、および発光素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
発光素子、および発光素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011040478A1 WO2011040478A1 PCT/JP2010/066969 JP2010066969W WO2011040478A1 WO 2011040478 A1 WO2011040478 A1 WO 2011040478A1 JP 2010066969 W JP2010066969 W JP 2010066969W WO 2011040478 A1 WO2011040478 A1 WO 2011040478A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/36—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes
- H01L33/40—Materials therefor
- H01L33/405—Reflective materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/36—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes
- H01L33/38—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes with a particular shape
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- the present invention relates to a light emitting element and a method for manufacturing the light emitting element.
- a light emitting element that emit ultraviolet light, blue light, green light, and the like are being developed.
- a light emitting element for example, there is a light emitting element including an optical semiconductor layer in which a plurality of semiconductor layers are stacked and an electrode for applying a voltage to the optical semiconductor layer (see, for example, JP-A-2006-222288).
- a light emitting device includes an optical semiconductor layer in which a first semiconductor layer, a light emitting layer, and a second semiconductor layer are sequentially stacked, and a first electrode layer electrically connected to the first semiconductor layer. And a second electrode layer electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer.
- the second electrode layer includes a conductive reflective layer positioned on the second semiconductor layer and a conductive layer positioned on the conductive reflective layer and having a plurality of through holes penetrating in the thickness direction.
- a method for manufacturing a light emitting device provides a stacked body in which an optical semiconductor layer, a first metal layer, and a second metal layer having a melting point higher than that of the oxide of the first metal layer are sequentially stacked. And a step of forming a plurality of through holes penetrating in the thickness direction in the second metal layer.
- the manufacturing method of the light emitting element concerning one Embodiment of this invention WHEREIN: After that, a laminated body is higher than melting
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element shown in FIG. 1 and corresponds to when cut along the line A-A ′ of FIG. 1. It is an expanded sectional view of the through-hole of the light emitting element shown in FIG. 1, a conductive reflective layer, and a conductive layer.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a through hole, a concave portion, and the periphery of the light emitting element shown in FIG. It is an expanded sectional view of the through-hole of a modification of the light emitting element shown in FIG. 1, a recessed part, and its periphery.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element shown in FIG. 1 and corresponds to when cut along the line A-A ′ of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2 is an expanded sectional view of the through-hole of the light emitting element shown in FIG. 1, a conductive reflective layer, and a conductive layer.
- FIG. 2 is an
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a through hole, a concave portion, and the periphery thereof in a modification of the light emitting device shown in FIG. 1, (a) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a cross section cut in the thickness direction, and (b) is an enlarged view when viewed from above Each corresponds to a plan view. It is a top view of the modification of the light emitting element shown in FIG. 1, and is equivalent when the light emitting element is planarly viewed from above.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a modification of the light-emitting element shown in FIG. 1, corresponding to when cut along the line A-A ′ of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a modification of the light-emitting element shown in FIG. 1, corresponding to when cut along the line A-A ′ of FIG. 1.
- 2 is a light emitting device in which the light emitting element shown in FIG. 1 is mounted in a package. It is sectional drawing of the light emitting element which shows the manufacturing process of the light emitting element shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the light emitting element which shows the manufacturing process of the light emitting element shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the light emitting element which shows the manufacturing process of the light emitting element shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the light emitting element which shows the manufacturing process of the light emitting element shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the light emitting element which shows the manufacturing process of the light emitting element shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the analysis result of the light emitting element shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the analysis result of the light emitting element shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the analysis result
- ⁇ About light emitting element> 1 is a perspective view of the light emitting device 20 according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the light emitting device 20 shown in FIG. 1, which corresponds to a cross section taken along line AA ′ of FIG.
- the light emitting element 20 includes a substrate 1, an optical semiconductor layer 2 formed on the substrate 1, and a first electrode layer electrically connected to a part of the optical semiconductor layer 2. 3 and a second electrode layer 7 having a conductive layer 5 having a plurality of conductive reflective layers 4 and through-holes 6.
- the substrate 1 may be any substrate that can grow the optical semiconductor layer 2 using chemical vapor deposition.
- the substrate 1 is formed of a flat plate having a polygonal shape such as a square shape or a circular shape in plan view. Examples of the material used for the substrate 1 include sapphire, gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, zinc oxide, silicon carbide, silicon, and zirconium diboride.
- the translucent substrate When taking out light emitted from the optical semiconductor layer 2 from the substrate 1 side, a method using a translucent base material that transmits light emitted from the optical semiconductor layer 2 can be used.
- the wavelength of light emitted from the optical semiconductor layer 2 may be considered.
- the substrate 1 is made of sapphire, and the thickness of the substrate 1 is about 10 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less.
- the optical semiconductor layer 2 includes a first semiconductor layer 2a formed on the main surface 1A of the substrate 1, a light emitting layer 2b formed on the first semiconductor layer 2a, and a light emitting layer 2b. And the formed second semiconductor layer 2c.
- the first semiconductor layer 2a, the light emitting layer 2b, and the second semiconductor layer 2c for example, a group III-V semiconductor can be used.
- the group III-V semiconductor include a group III nitride semiconductor, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide, and the like.
- the group III nitride semiconductor for example, gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, indium nitride, or the like can be used.
- Al x1 Ga (1-x1-y1) In y1 N (0 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y1 ⁇ 1, x1 + y1 ⁇ 1).
- zinc oxide can be used in addition to the group III-V semiconductor.
- the optical semiconductor layer 2 has a laminated structure in which a first semiconductor layer 2a, a light emitting layer 2b, and a second semiconductor layer 2c are sequentially formed on the main surface 1A of the substrate 1.
- the first semiconductor layer 2a is set to exhibit n-type semiconductor properties as one conductivity type
- the second semiconductor layer 2c is set to exhibit p-type semiconductor properties opposite to those of the first semiconductor layer 2a.
- the first semiconductor layer 2a and the second semiconductor layer 2c are formed of gallium nitride which is a group III nitride semiconductor.
- the first semiconductor layer 2a made of gallium nitride an n-type gallium nitride for example, a group IV element in the periodic table of elements may be added to gallium nitride as a dopant.
- a group IV element in the periodic table of elements may be added to gallium nitride as a dopant.
- silicon or the like can be used as the dopant of the group IV element.
- the thickness of the first semiconductor layer 2a can be set to 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less, for example.
- the second semiconductor layer 2c made of gallium nitride into p-type gallium nitride for example, a group II element in the element periodic table may be added as a dopant.
- a group II element in the element periodic table for example, magnesium can be used.
- the thickness of the second semiconductor layer 2c can be set to, for example, 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the light emitting layer 2b is provided between the first semiconductor layer 2a and the second semiconductor layer 2c.
- the light emitting layer 2b may have, for example, a multilayer quantum well structure (Multi (Quantum Well abbreviation MQW).
- the multilayer quantum well structure may be formed by repeatedly stacking a quantum well structure including a barrier layer having a wide forbidden band and a well layer having a narrow forbidden band a plurality of times (for example, 2 to 10 times).
- the total thickness of the light emitting layer 2b can be set to, for example, 25 nm or more and 150 nm or less.
- the barrier layer for example, an In 0.01 Ga 0.99 N layer can be used.
- the well layer for example, an In 0.11 Ga 0.89 N layer or the like can be used.
- the thickness of the barrier layer can be set to 2 nm to 15 nm, for example, and the thickness of the well layer can be set to 2 nm to 10 nm, for example.
- the light emitting layer 2b configured in this manner emits light having a wavelength of 350 nm or more and 600 nm or less, for example.
- the optical semiconductor layer 2 is provided with a first electrode layer 3 and a second electrode layer 7.
- the first electrode layer 3 is electrically connected to the first semiconductor layer 2a
- the second electrode layer 7 is electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer 2c.
- the light emitting element 20 can cause the optical semiconductor layer 2 to emit light by applying a voltage between the first electrode layer 3 and the second electrode layer 7.
- the first electrode layer 3 and the second electrode layer 7 are disposed on the same side of the optical semiconductor layer 2 and on the opposite side of the substrate 1 with respect to the optical semiconductor layer 2.
- the first electrode layer 3 is electrically connected to the first semiconductor layer 2a.
- the first electrode layer 3 is provided in an exposed region of the first semiconductor layer 2a exposed by removing a part of the second electrode layer 2c and a part of the light emitting layer 2b.
- the first electrode layer 3 for example, a metal material such as aluminum, titanium, nickel, chromium, indium, tin, molybdenum, silver, gold, niobium, tantalum, vanadium, platinum, lead, or beryllium can be used.
- a metal oxide such as tin oxide, indium oxide, or indium tin oxide, or an alloy containing the above-described metal material as a main component may be used.
- the alloy containing the metal material as a main component for example, an alloy such as an alloy of gold and silicon, an alloy of gold and germanium, an alloy of gold and zinc, or an alloy of gold and beryllium can be used. .
- the first electrode 3 may be formed by laminating a plurality of layers selected from the materials such as metals, metal oxides, and alloys described above. For example, when gold is used as the first electrode 3, titanium with aluminum interposed therebetween may be provided as an ohmic contact layer for making ohmic contact between the first electrode 3 and the first semiconductor layer 2 a. it can. When the substrate 1 has conductivity, the first electrode 3 may be provided on the main surface or side surface opposite to the main surface 1A of the substrate 1 on which the optical semiconductor layer 2 is formed.
- the second electrode layer 7 is provided at a position on the main surface 2A of the second semiconductor layer 2c, and is electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer 2c.
- the second electrode layer 7 is configured by sequentially laminating the conductive reflective layer 4 and the conductive layer 5.
- the conductive reflection layer 4 is formed on the main surface 2A of the second semiconductor layer 2c in order to reflect the light emitted from the light emitting layer 2b in the direction of the substrate 1.
- the conductive reflective layer 4 is formed so as to cover, for example, 80% or more of the main surface 2A of the second semiconductor layer 2c.
- the conductive reflective layer 4 is formed of a conductive material that reflects the light emitted from the light emitting layer 2b in the direction of the substrate 1 and can electrically connect the second semiconductor layer 2c and the second electrode layer 7. Is done.
- the thickness of the conductive reflective layer 4 is set to, for example, 2 nm or more and 2000 nm or less.
- the conductive reflective layer 4 can be made of a metal material such as aluminum, titanium, nickel, chromium, indium, tin, molybdenum, silver, gold, niobium, tantalum, vanadium, platinum, lead, or beryllium.
- a metal oxide such as tin oxide, indium oxide, or indium tin oxide, or an alloy containing the above-described metal material as a main component can be used.
- the alloy containing the metal material as a main component include an alloy of silver and gallium, an alloy of silver and aluminum, an alloy of gold and silicon, an alloy of gold and germanium, an alloy of gold and zinc, or gold.
- An alloy such as an alloy of beryllium can be preferably used.
- the conductive reflection layer 4 since the light emitted from the light emitting layer 2b has a wavelength of, for example, 350 nm or more and 600 nm or less, silver is used as the conductive reflection layer 4 from the viewpoint of reflectance with respect to the wavelength.
- the thickness of the conductive reflective layer 4 can be set to, for example, 10 nm or more and 1000 nm or less.
- the conductive layer 5 is formed so as to be positioned on the upper surface 4A of the conductive reflective layer 4, and is electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer 2c via the conductive reflective layer 4.
- the thickness of the conductive layer 5 is set to 1 nm or more and 4000 nm or less, for example.
- the conductive layer 5 is made of aluminum.
- the thickness of the conductive layer 5 can be set to, for example, 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
- the conductive layer 5 has a plurality of through holes 6 penetrating in the thickness direction. A part of the upper surface 4 ⁇ / b> A of the conductive reflective layer 4 is exposed from the conductive layer 5 through the plurality of through holes 6.
- the plurality of through holes 6 are provided so that the area of the conductive reflective layer 4 exposed from the conductive layer 5 is, for example, 10% or more and 60% or less with respect to the area of the upper surface 4A of the conductive reflective layer 4.
- the plurality of through holes 6 have a distance F1 between two adjacent through holes 6, that is, the width of the conductive layer 5 located between the two adjacent through holes 6 is, for example, 0.4 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m. It is as follows.
- the through-hole 6 is selected from a truncated cone shape, a cylindrical shape, a polygonal frustum shape, a polygonal column shape, or the like.
- the dimension F2 of the bottom surface of the through hole 6, that is, the surface of the upper surface 4A of the conductive reflective layer 4 exposed by the through hole 6, is set to 0.02 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less, for example.
- the through hole 6 is formed in a cylindrical shape.
- the second electrode layer 7 has a plurality of through holes 6 through which the conductive reflective layer 4 is exposed. Therefore, when the 2nd semiconductor layer 2c and the conductive reflective layer 4 are heated, the conductive reflective layer 4 and oxygen can be made easy to contact.
- the amount of oxygen in the interface region where the second semiconductor layer 2c and the conductive reflective layer 4 are in contact can be increased.
- the second semiconductor layer 2c and the conductive reflective layer 4 are in ohmic contact, and the contact resistance value between the second semiconductor layer 2c and the conductive reflective layer 4 can be reduced. Therefore, the electrical characteristics of the optical semiconductor layer 2 and the second electrode layer 7 can be improved.
- the contact resistance value between the second semiconductor layer 2c and the conductive reflective layer 4 refers to the electrical resistance value existing on the contact surface between the second semiconductor layer 2c and the conductive reflective layer 4. This is because the contact surface between the second semiconductor layer 2c and the conductive reflective layer 4 has a contact potential difference and a discontinuous potential difference corresponding to the current flowing through the contact surface, and the ratio of this to the current is the contact resistance value. become.
- the amount of oxygen may be increased in the interface region where the optical semiconductor layer and the conductive reflective layer are in contact with each other. was difficult. For this reason, the contact resistance value between the optical semiconductor layer and the conductive reflective layer is increased, and the light emission efficiency of the optical semiconductor layer is likely to be reduced.
- the conductive layer 5 has a plurality of through holes 6, a part of the upper surface 4 ⁇ / b> A of the conductive reflective layer 4 can be exposed.
- the distance between the second semiconductor layer 2c at the position overlapping the exposed conductive reflective layer 4 and the outside can be shortened, and the temperature of the second semiconductor layer 2c can be suppressed from becoming high.
- the light emitting element 20 of the present embodiment has the through hole 6 in the electrode layer 5 as compared with the case of the light emitting element having a configuration in which the conductive layer having no through hole is provided on the conductive reflective layer. Since the surface area of the second electrode layer 7 in contact with the outside can be increased, the heat dissipation of the heat generated in the optical semiconductor layer 2 can be improved.
- the conductive reflective layer 4 may be provided with a recess 12 at a position corresponding to the through hole 6 of the conductive layer 5.
- the recess 12 may be a cylinder, a polygonal column, a truncated cone, a polygonal frustum, or the like.
- the diameter of the recess 12 may be set to the same dimension as the diameter of the through hole 6, and is set to 0.02 ⁇ m or more and 3 ⁇ m or less, for example. Since the conductive reflective layer 4 has the recess 12, the area where the conductive reflective layer 4 and oxygen are in contact with each other can be increased. Since the surface area where the conductive reflective layer 4 is exposed can be increased, the heat dissipation of the heat generated in the optical semiconductor layer 2 can be improved.
- the recess 12 may be provided so that the first cross-sectional area, which is a cross-sectional area perpendicular to the thickness direction of the conductive reflective layer 4, increases toward the conductive layer 5 side. That is, as the recess 12, a shape in which the area of the top surface is larger than the area of the bottom surface of the recess 12 can be used. As the recess 12, for example, a truncated cone shape or a polygonal truncated cone shape can be used. By providing the recess 12 in this manner, the exposed surface area of the conductive reflective layer 4 can be further increased.
- the through-hole 6 may be provided so that the second cross-sectional area, which is the area of the cross section perpendicular to the thickness direction of the conductive layer 5, decreases toward the conductive reflective layer 4 side. That is, the through-hole 6 may be formed so that the side 18 thereof has an acute angle ⁇ with respect to the main surface 4A of the conductive reflective layer 4 when viewed in cross section.
- the side 18 of the through hole 6 is inclined with respect to the main surface 4A of the conductive reflective layer 4, the surface area can be increased, so that the heat dissipation can be further improved. Further, when a protective metal layer 13 to be described later is provided on the second electrode layer 7, the protective metal layer 13 can be provided on the inclined through hole 6 with high coverage.
- the recess 12 may be provided inside the through hole 6 in a plan view.
- the through-hole 6 is provided so that the outer periphery of the first opening 8 of the through-hole 6 is located outside the outer periphery of the second opening 9 of the recess 12 in a plan view.
- the first opening 8 indicates an opening on one end side of the through hole 6 located on the surface of the conductive layer 5 on the conductive reflective layer 4 side
- the second opening 9 is the conductive layer of the conductive reflective layer 4.
- the opening part of the recessed part 12 located in the surface of 5 side is pointed out.
- the shape of the first opening 8 and the shape of the second opening 9 may be different.
- the area of the first opening 8 is set to be 1.1 to 2.5 times the area of the second opening 9, for example.
- the conductive layer 5 may be provided so that the density of the plurality of through holes 6 increases as it goes inward in plan view.
- the density of the plurality of through holes 6 provided in the conductive layer 5 refers to the ratio of the area of the through holes 6 to the area of the conductive layer 5 in plan view of the conductive layer 5.
- the light emitting element 20 may further include a protective metal layer 13 as shown in FIG. Specifically, the protective metal layer 13 is provided so as to fill the through hole 6 and cover the surface of the conductive layer 5.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the material constituting the protective metal layer 13 is set to be smaller than the thermal expansion coefficient of the material constituting the conductive layer 5.
- the protective metal layer 13 by forming the protective metal layer 13 from a material having a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than that of the second electrode layer 5, it is possible to suppress the conductive layer 5 from being deformed by thermal expansion. By filling the through hole 6 with the material of the protective metal layer 13, it is possible to suppress the thermal expansion of the conductive layer 5 in the lateral direction. As a result, the protective metal layer 13 can suppress the peeling of the conductive layer 5 and the conductive reflective layer 4 due to heat, and suppress poor connection between the conductive layer 5 and the conductive reflective layer 4.
- thermal expansion coefficient 30.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [K ⁇ 1 ] is used as the conductive layer 5
- tantalum thermal expansion coefficient 6.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [K ⁇ 1 ]
- gold thermal expansion coefficient 14.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [K ⁇ 1 ]
- tin thermal expansion coefficient 22.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [K ⁇ 1 ]
- copper thermal expansion coefficient 16.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [K ⁇ 1 ]
- nickel coefficient of thermal expansion 13.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [K ⁇ 1 ]
- the exemplified thermal expansion coefficient is a value at 273K.
- the concave portion 12 when the concave portion 12 is provided in the conductive reflective layer 4, the concave portion 12 may be filled with the protective metal layer 13.
- the recess 12 When the recess 12 is filled with the material of the protective metal layer 13, a material having a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than the material of the conductive reflective layer 4 and the material of the conductive layer 5 may be used as the protective metal layer 13.
- silver thermal expansion coefficient 18.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [K ⁇ 1 ]
- tantalum thermal expansion coefficient 6.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [K ⁇ 1 ]
- gold Thermal expansion coefficient 14.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [K ⁇ 1 ]
- copper thermal expansion coefficient 16.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [K ⁇ 1 ]
- nickel thermal expansion coefficient 13.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [K ⁇ 1 ]
- a simple substance or an alloy containing can be used.
- the protective metal layer 13 is made of an alloy of tantalum and gold (thermal expansion coefficient 6.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [K ⁇ 1 ] or more 14.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [K ⁇ 1 ] or less) may be used.
- the second semiconductor layer 2c is made of gallium nitride, the interface between the second semiconductor layer 2c and the conductive reflective layer 4 when the second semiconductor layer 2c and the conductive reflective layer 4 are heated.
- the region may contain gallium oxide.
- the contact resistance value between the second semiconductor layer 2 c and the conductive reflective layer 4 can be reduced.
- the conductive reflection layer 4 is made of silver, when the second semiconductor layer 2c and the conductive reflection layer 4 are heated, the conductive reflection layer 4 contains silver oxide. Specifically, the conductive reflective layer 4 is easily oxidized from the exposed portion of the upper surface 4 ⁇ / b> A of the conductive reflective layer 4 exposed by the conductive layer 5 through the through hole 6 and the side surface portion of the conductive reflective layer 4. Therefore, the conductive reflective layer 4 is likely to contain silver oxide in the exposed part and the side part.
- the conductive reflective layer 4 has a first contact portion 10 and a second contact portion 11 having a lower electrical resistance than the first contact portion 10 at a location where the conductive reflective layer 4 is in contact with the second semiconductor layer 2 c. It may be.
- the electrical resistance value of the first contact portion 10 and the electrical resistance value of the second contact portion 11 can be formed by changing the contact resistance value at the contact interface between the second semiconductor layer 2c and the conductive reflective layer 4.
- the second semiconductor layer 2c and the conductive reflection layer 4 can be formed in ohmic contact.
- the electric resistance value can be varied by changing the amount of oxygen near or in the vicinity of the contact interface.
- the second electrode layer 7 has a through-hole 6 that exposes a part of the upper surface of the conductive reflective layer 4 at a location overlapping the second contact portion 11 in a plan view.
- the second contact portion 11 has an electric resistance smaller than that of the first contact portion 10, the current easily flows from the first contact portion 10 to the second contact portion 11, and the second contact portion 11 comes into contact with the second contact portion 11. Heat generation in the semiconductor layer 2c tends to increase.
- the through-hole 6 formed in the conductive layer 5 is located in a position where it overlaps with the second contact portion 11 in a plan view, thereby shortening the heat dissipation path between the second contact portion 11 that tends to be high temperature and the outside. It is possible to improve heat dissipation. As a result, the temperature of the second semiconductor layer 2c can be stabilized, and the light emission efficiency can be improved.
- a protective metal layer 13 is formed between the wiring electrode 15 of the package body 16 and the light emitting element 20. And may be used as a bump for bonding.
- the protective metal layer 13 as a bump in this way, the heat generated between the wiring electrode 15 and the second electrode layer 7 is compared with the case where the protective metal layer 13 is not provided and bonded to the wiring electrode 15. Connection failure can be suppressed.
- the material of the protective metal layer 13 a material having a smaller electrical resistance than that of the conductive layer 5 may be used.
- silver electric resistance value 1.47 [10 ⁇ 8 ⁇ ⁇ m]
- aluminum electric resistance value 2.50 [10 ⁇ 8 ⁇ ⁇ m] is used as the second electrode layer 5 having the through holes 6.
- the protective metal layer 13 is electrically connected to the conductive reflective layer 4 through the through-hole 6, so that the power consumption is further reduced as compared with the case where the through-hole 6 is not provided. be able to.
- the exemplified electrical resistance value is a value of 273K.
- the light emitting element 20 may be sealed with a protective resin layer.
- a protective resin layer for example, a silicone resin can be used.
- a silicone resin can be used.
- the light emitting layer 2b emits light having a wavelength of 350 nm or more and 500 nm or less
- such a silicone resin is mixed with a phosphor or phosphor that can be excited at the wavelength of the emitted light, and the light from the light emitting layer 2b is mixed. You may convert into white light.
- 11 to 16 are cross-sectional views for explaining a method of manufacturing the light-emitting element 20, and show a portion corresponding to a cross section taken along the line AA 'of the light-emitting element 20 shown in FIG. Portions that overlap with the light emitting element 20 described above are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- an optical semiconductor layer 2 in which a first semiconductor layer 2 a, a light emitting element 2 b, and a second semiconductor layer 2 c are sequentially stacked is formed on a substrate 1.
- a mixed crystal of nitride containing at least one of gallium, indium, and aluminum can be used.
- MBE molecular beam epitaxy
- MOVPE Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy
- HVPE hydride vapor phase growth
- PLD pulsed laser deposition
- a stacked body 30 in which the first metal layer 21 and the second metal layer 22 are sequentially stacked is formed on the second semiconductor layer 2 c of the optical semiconductor layer 2.
- a material that becomes the conductive reflective layer 4 can be used as the first metal layer 21, and a material that becomes the conductive layer 5 can be used as the second metal layer 22.
- the second metal layer 22 is preferably made of a material having a higher melting point than the oxide of the first metal layer 21.
- the first metal layer 21 and the second metal layer 22 are selected from the material of the conductive reflective layer 4 described above or the material of the conductive layer 5 described above.
- a method for laminating the first metal layer 21 and the second metal layer 22 a method such as a sputtering method or a vapor deposition method can be used.
- the lamination method may be appropriately selected depending on the material to be laminated.
- the thickness of the first metal layer 21 can be appropriately changed depending on the reflectance of the selected material, and can be set to, for example, 10 nm or more and 5000 nm or less.
- the thickness of the second metal layer 22 can be set to, for example, 1 nm or more and 50 nm or less.
- the first metal layer 21 is formed from a material containing silver as a main component
- the second metal layer 22 is formed from a material containing aluminum as a main component.
- a plurality of through holes 6 penetrating in the thickness direction of the second metal layer 22 are formed in the second metal layer 22.
- a method for forming the through hole 6 for example, a photolithography method or a lift-off method using a mask such as a resist can be used. In the present embodiment, a photolithography method is used. When the lift-off method or the like is used, a step of providing a resist pattern on the first metal layer 21 may be included in the step of laminating the laminate 30 described above. As another method, a focused ion beam (abbreviated as FIB) method or the like can be used. When the photolithography method or the lift-off method is used, the plurality of through holes 6 can be formed at the same time, so that the through holes 6 can be formed with high productivity.
- FIB focused ion beam
- a resist 23 for exposing a part of the second metal layer 22 forming the through hole 6 is formed on the second metal layer 22. Etching is performed from the surface of the second metal layer 22 exposed from the resist 23 to a depth at which the upper surface 21A of the first metal layer 21 is exposed, and a part of the second metal layer 22 is removed. Thereafter, by removing the resist 23, a plurality of through holes 6 can be formed in the second metal layer 22 as shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the diameter of the through hole 6 is set to, for example, 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less.
- etching method for removing a part of the second metal layer 22 a wet etching method or a dry etching method can be used.
- a wet etching method is used to remove a part of the second metal layer 22
- a chemical solution having a high etching rate for the second metal layer 22 and a low etching rate for the first metal layer 21 is used as the etching solution.
- the second metal layer 22 can be removed while suppressing the first metal layer 21 from being removed more than expected, and the second metal layer 22 can be selectively removed. Can be etched.
- a part of the first metal layer 21 exposed by the second metal layer 22 is easily oxidized.
- the first metal layer 21 is mainly composed of silver, a part of the first metal layer 21 exposed from the second metal layer 22 is likely to contain a large amount of silver oxide.
- the laminated body 30 which consists of the 1st metal layer 21 and the 2nd metal layer 22 in which the through-hole 6 was formed is heated.
- the second semiconductor layer 2c is also heated.
- the temperature at which the stacked body 30 is heated can be set, for example, to a temperature higher than the melting point of the oxide of the first metal layer 21 and lower than the melting points of the first metal layer 21 and the second metal layer 22.
- the second semiconductor layer 2c and the first metal layer 21 come into contact with each other as shown in FIG. 14 while suppressing the aggregation of the first metal layer 21.
- An ohmic contact portion 25 in which the interface region is in ohmic contact can be formed.
- the interface region where the second semiconductor layer 2c and the first metal layer 21 are in contact with each other is from the contact surface where the atomic concentration of the second semiconductor layer 2c and the atomic concentration of the first metal layer 21 are the same. For example, it indicates a region in the range of 20 nm.
- the ohmic contact is a contact between a metal and a semiconductor that has an extremely small contact resistance value as compared to a series resistance value due to the resistance of the semiconductor bulk. That is, the ohmic contact refers to a contact that has a small voltage drop compared to the voltage drop in the operating region of the device.
- the contact resistance value in the case of ohmic contact is set to 0.012 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 or less, for example.
- an oxide is formed up to the lower surface of the first metal layer 21, or oxygen is diffused into the first metal layer 21. Or the like can be used.
- the second semiconductor layer 2c and the first metal layer 21 can be in ohmic contact in the interface region where the second semiconductor layer 2c and the first metal layer 21 contact, the second semiconductor layer 2c and the first metal The contact resistance value with the layer 21 can be reduced. For this reason, it is possible to facilitate the flow of current from the first metal layer 21 to the second semiconductor layer 2c. As a result, current can easily flow through the entire interface region where the second semiconductor layer 2c and the first metal layer 21 are in contact with each other, and uneven emission of light emitted from the optical semiconductor layer 2 can be reduced.
- the first metal layer 21 is mainly silver (melting point 961 ° C.)
- the oxidized first metal layer 21 is silver oxide (melting point 280 ° C.)
- the second metal layer 22 is mainly aluminum (melting point 660 ° C.). Contains as an ingredient. Therefore, the temperature for heating the laminate 30 can be set to, for example, 300 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less.
- the heating temperature may be appropriately set in consideration of the melting point.
- the material used for the first metal layer 21 and the second metal layer 22 may be an alloy material or a material containing impurities.
- the range in which the second semiconductor layer 2c and the first metal layer 21 are in ohmic contact with each other can be adjusted by the heating temperature, the heating time, and the like of the stacked body 30.
- Whether or not the second semiconductor layer 2c and the first metal layer 21 are in ohmic contact can be confirmed by, for example, a method of examining the amount of oxygen in the interface region between the second semiconductor layer 2c and the first metal layer 21. . As another method, a method of measuring a contact resistance value between the second semiconductor layer 2c and the first metal layer 21 can be used.
- the amount of oxygen in the interface region between the second semiconductor layer 2c and the first metal layer 21 can be determined by, for example, dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (Dynamic-Secondary-Ion-microprobe MassmeterSpectrometer) D-SIMS method, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( It can be confirmed by analyzing by an analysis method such as X-ray® Photoelectron® Spectroscopy (abbreviated XPS) method or Auger Electron Spectroscopy (abbreviated AES).
- XPS X-ray® Photoelectron® Spectroscopy
- AES Auger Electron Spectroscopy
- the second metal layer 22 is etched until the surface of the first metal layer 21 is exposed to form the through holes 6, and then the first metal layer is formed from the surface of the first metal layer 21. 21 may be etched. After the second metal layer 22 is etched, the first metal layer 21 is continuously etched, so that the recesses 12 are formed in the first metal layer 21 at positions corresponding to the through holes 6 as shown in FIG. Can be formed.
- etching may be performed so that the etching rates of the second metal layer 22 and the first metal layer 21 are different.
- the second opening 9 can be provided outside the outer periphery.
- the laminate 30 may be heated in an oxygen atmosphere having a higher oxygen concentration than the atmosphere.
- an oxygen atmosphere having a higher oxygen concentration than the atmosphere.
- FIG. 15 shows a part of the result of analyzing the light emitting element 20 according to the present embodiment in the depth direction from the surface of the second metal layer 22 using the XPS method. Specifically, the atomic concentrations of oxygen, silver, gallium, and aluminum existing in the depth direction from the surface of the second metal layer 22 to the second semiconductor layer 2c were measured.
- the horizontal axis indicates the depth from the second metal layer 22
- the vertical axis indicates the atomic concentration
- only the atomic concentration of oxygen is a natural logarithm value.
- the sample used for the analysis by the XPS method used this time is one that is in ohmic contact in the interface region where the second semiconductor layer 2c and the first metal layer 21 are in contact with each other.
- the contact surface where the second semiconductor layer 2c and the first metal layer 21 are in contact is the position where the atomic concentration of the second semiconductor layer 2c and the atomic concentration of the first metal layer 21 are the same, that is, in FIG.
- the curve indicating the atomic concentration of the second semiconductor layer 2c and the curve indicating the atomic concentration of the first metal layer 21 intersect each other.
- the interface between the second semiconductor layer and the first metal layer is in contact with each other.
- the amount of oxygen in the area could not be increased.
- ohmic contact could not be made in the interface region where the second semiconductor layer and the first metal layer were in contact.
- FIG. 16 the analysis result when the second metal layer 22 is heated in the configuration having the through-hole 6 as in the above-described embodiment is shown in FIG. 16, and the second metal layer is heated in the structure having no through-hole.
- the analysis result of the comparative example is shown in FIG. 16 and 17 both show the results of measurement using the D-SIMS method in the depth direction from the surface of the second metal layer 22. Specifically, the amounts of oxygen, silver, gallium, and aluminum present in the depth direction from the surface of the second metal layer 22 to the second semiconductor layer 2c were measured. 16 and 17, the horizontal axis indicates the depth from the second metal layer 22, and the vertical axis indicates the amount of each element.
- the second metal layer 22 is compared with the configuration in which the second metal layer does not have a through hole. It can be seen that the amount of oxygen is relatively increased about 10 times in the case of the structure having the through hole 6 in the center.
- the light emitting element 20 in the present embodiment light is emitted from the entire surface where the optical semiconductor layer 2 and the first metal layer 22 are in contact, whereas in the comparative light emitting element, the first metal is formed in the interface region.
- Current did not flow easily from the layer to the second semiconductor layer, resulting in uneven light emission.
- the first metal layer made of silver is formed on the optical semiconductor layer without providing the second metal layer, and then the optical semiconductor layer and the first metal layer are heated, silver aggregates and conducts reflection. A layer could not be formed.
- the heating temperature of the optical semiconductor layer and the first metal layer was reduced, sufficient ohmic contact could not be formed between the second semiconductor layer and the first metal layer.
- a transmission line A model Transmission Line Model: TLM
- the contact resistance value between the second semiconductor layer 2c and the first metal layer 21 was 0.012 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 or less.
Abstract
Description
図1は本実施形態にかかる発光素子20の斜視図、図2は図1に示す発光素子20の断面図であり、図1のA-A’線で切断したときの断面に相当する。
導電反射層4は、図4に示すように、導電層5の貫通孔6と対応する位置に凹部12を設けてもよい。凹部12は、円柱、多角柱、円錐台または多角錐台などを用いることができる。凹部12の直径は、貫通孔6の直径と同じ寸法に設定してもよく、例えば0.02μm以上3μm以下に設定される。導電反射層4が凹部12を有することにより、導電反射層4と酸素とが接触する面積を増やすことができる。導電反射層4が露出する表面積を増やすことができることから、光半導体層2で発生した熱の放熱性を向上させることができる。
次に、発光素子20の製造方法を説明する。図11から図16は、発光素子20の製造方法を説明するための断面図であり、図1に示す発光素子20のA―A’線における断面に相当する部分を示している。上述した発光素子20と重複する部分については同一符号を付し、その説明を省略する。
図11に示すように、基板1上に、第1半導体層2a、発光素子2bおよび第2半導体層2cを順次積層した光半導体層2を形成する。光半導体層2は、例えばガリウム、インジウムおよびアルミニウムのうち少なくとも一つを含む窒化物の混晶を用いることができる。
次に、第2金属層22に、第2金属層22の厚み方向に貫通する貫通孔6を複数形成する。貫通孔6を形成する方法としては、例えば、レジストなどのマスクを用いたフォトリソグラフィ法またはリフトオフ法を用いることができる。本実施形態においては、フォトリソグラフィ法を用いている。リフトオフ法などを用いる場合、前述した積層体30を積層する工程において、レジストパターンを第1金属層21上に設ける工程を有していてもよい。他の方法としては、集束イオンビーム(Focused Ion Beam、略称FIB)法などを用いることができる。フォトリソグラフィ法またはリフトオフ法を用いた場合、複数の貫通孔6を同時に形成することができるため、高い生産性で貫通孔6を形成することができる。
その後、第1金属層21と貫通孔6が形成された第2金属層22とからなる積層体30を加熱する。このように積層体30を加熱することにより、第2半導体層2cも加熱される。積層体30を加熱する温度は、例えば、第1金属層21の酸化物の融点よりも高く、第1金属層21および第2金属層22の融点よりも低い温度に設定することができる。
貫通孔6を複数形成する工程において、第1金属層21の表面が露出するまで第2金属層22をエッチングして貫通孔6を形成した後、第1金属層21の表面から第1金属層21をエッチングしてもよい。第2金属層22をエッチングした後、続けて第1金属層21のエッチングを行うことにより、図4または図5に示すように、第1金属層21に貫通孔6と対応した位置に凹部12を形成することができる。
本実施形態にかかる発光素子20を第2金属層22の表面から深さ方向にXPS法を用いて分析した結果の一部を、図15に示す。具体的には、第2金属層22の表面から第2半導体層2cまでの深さ方向に存在する酸素、銀、ガリウムおよびアルミニウムのそれぞれの原子濃度を測定した。図15において、横軸は第2金属層22からの深さを示し、縦軸は原子濃度を示しており、酸素の原子濃度のみ自然対数の値としている。今回のXPS法による分析に用いた試料は、第2半導体層2cと第1金属層21とが接触する界面領域においてオーミック接触されたものを用いた。
Claims (15)
- 第1半導体層、発光層および第2半導体層が順次積層された光半導体層と、
前記第1半導体層に電気的に接続された第1電極層と、
前記第2半導体層に電気的に接続された、前記第2半導体層上に位置する導電反射層および該導電反射層上に位置しているとともに厚み方向を貫通する貫通孔を複数持つ導電層を有する第2電極層と
を備えた発光素子。 - 前記導電反射層は、前記貫通孔に対応する部位に凹部を有する、請求項1に記載の発光素子。
- 前記凹部は、前記導電層側に向かうにつれて、前記導電反射層の厚み方向と垂直な断面の面積である第1断面積が大きくなっている、請求項2に記載の発光素子。
- 前記貫通孔は、前記導電反射層側に向かうにつれて、前記導電層の厚み方向と垂直な断面の面積である第2断面積が小さくなっている、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の発光素子。
- 前記導電層は前記導電反射層側の表面に前記貫通孔の一端側の開口部である第1開口部を有し、前記導電反射層は前記導電層側の表面に前記凹部の開口部である第2開口部を有しており、平面透視において、前記第1開口部の外周は前記第2開口部の外周よりも外側に位置する、請求項2~4のいずれかに記載の発光素子。
- 平面視において、前記導電層は、内方に向かうにつれて、前記貫通孔の存在する密度が高くなっている、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の発光素子。
- 前記貫通孔に充填されているとともに前記導電層の表面を被覆する保護金属層をさらに備え、
該保護金属層を構成する材料の熱膨張係数は、前記導電層を構成する材料の熱膨張係数よりも小さい、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の発光素子。 - 前記第2半導体層は前記導電反射層との界面領域に酸化ガリウムを含む、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の発光素子。
- 前記導電反射層は酸化銀を含む、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の発光素子。
- 前記導電反射層は20nm以上の厚みを有する、請求項9に記載の発光素子。
- 前記導電層はアルミニウムを含む、請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の発光素子。
- 前記導電層は1nm以上30nm以下の厚みを有する、請求項11に記載の発光素子。
- 光半導体層、第1金属層および該第1金属層の酸化物よりも融点が高い第2金属層が順次積層された積層体を準備する工程と、
前記第2金属層に厚み方向に貫通する貫通孔を複数形成する工程と、
前記積層体を、前記第1金属層の酸化物の融点よりも高くかつ前記第1金属層の融点および前記第2金属層の融点のいずれよりも低い温度で加熱し、前記光半導体層の前記第1金属層との界面領域を酸化する工程と
を備える発光素子の製造方法。 - 前記第1金属層のうち前記貫通孔に対応する部位に凹部を形成する工程をさらに備える、請求項13に記載の発光素子の製造方法。
- 前記積層体の前記加熱を酸素雰囲気中で行なう、請求項13または14に記載の発光素子の製造方法。
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JP2014053593A (ja) * | 2012-08-09 | 2014-03-20 | Sharp Corp | 半導体発光素子およびその製造方法 |
WO2014054224A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-01 | 2014-04-10 | パナソニック株式会社 | 構造体及びその製造方法、並びに構造体を用いた窒化ガリウム系半導体発光素子及びその製造方法 |
JP5496436B1 (ja) * | 2012-10-01 | 2014-05-21 | パナソニック株式会社 | 構造体及びその製造方法、並びに構造体を用いた窒化ガリウム系半導体発光素子及びその製造方法 |
JP2016537815A (ja) * | 2013-11-19 | 2016-12-01 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェKoninklijke Philips N.V. | 半導体発光デバイスおよび半導体発光デバイスを製造する方法 |
JP2017054954A (ja) * | 2015-09-10 | 2017-03-16 | 株式会社東芝 | 発光装置 |
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JP5762112B2 (ja) | 2015-08-12 |
CN102484176B (zh) | 2014-12-31 |
EP2485279B1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
US20120187442A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
CN102484176A (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
EP2485279A4 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
JP4772168B2 (ja) | 2011-09-14 |
EP2485279A1 (en) | 2012-08-08 |
US8796718B2 (en) | 2014-08-05 |
JPWO2011040478A1 (ja) | 2013-02-28 |
JP2011176349A (ja) | 2011-09-08 |
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