WO2011030689A1 - Automobile électrique - Google Patents

Automobile électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011030689A1
WO2011030689A1 PCT/JP2010/064718 JP2010064718W WO2011030689A1 WO 2011030689 A1 WO2011030689 A1 WO 2011030689A1 JP 2010064718 W JP2010064718 W JP 2010064718W WO 2011030689 A1 WO2011030689 A1 WO 2011030689A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
outer ring
wheel
way clutch
electric motor
electric vehicle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2010/064718
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
誠 安井
Original Assignee
Ntn株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2009210532A external-priority patent/JP2011062011A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2009287807A external-priority patent/JP2011102112A/ja
Application filed by Ntn株式会社 filed Critical Ntn株式会社
Priority to CN2010800403271A priority Critical patent/CN102481843A/zh
Priority to DE112010003617T priority patent/DE112010003617T5/de
Publication of WO2011030689A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011030689A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/06—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • F16D41/08—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action
    • F16D41/086—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action the intermediate members being of circular cross-section and wedging by rolling
    • F16D41/088—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action the intermediate members being of circular cross-section and wedging by rolling the intermediate members being of only one size and wedging by a movement not having an axial component, between inner and outer races, one of which is cylindrical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/12—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of electric gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/26—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, of type of freewheel device

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric vehicle in which a vehicle is driven only by driving an electric motor mounted on the vehicle.
  • a clutch is incorporated in a power transmission system from an electric motor to wheels, and a determination unit that determines a failure of a control unit that controls the operation of the electric motor is provided.
  • the clutch is disengaged by the hydraulic actuator, and power transmission from the electric motor to the wheels is interrupted to avoid sudden braking.
  • the clutch is controlled by an actuator that uses hydraulic pressure as a drive source, a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic cylinder, and hydraulic piping are required, which complicates the structure and causes a large energy loss.
  • a multi-stage transmission is not required, and a single-stage or two-stage transmission is used. Therefore, the number of parts is smaller than that of an engine vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. The connection backlash from the motor to the wheel is small.
  • the motor has a larger torque from the start than the engine, and also has a large moment of inertia of the rotor of the motor.
  • ABS anti-lock braking system
  • An object of the present invention is to make it possible to immediately cut off the power transmission from the motor to the wheel when the motor fails or when the ABS is operated in an electric vehicle using only the motor as a drive source.
  • the driving force of the electric motor is reduced.
  • the power transmission system for transmitting to the wheel has a retainer and an engagement member held by the retainer, and the drive side shaft and the driven side shaft are coupled by engagement of the engagement member by rotation control of the retainer.
  • a configuration was adopted in which a two-way clutch and an electromagnetic clutch for controlling the engagement and disengagement of the two-way clutch by controlling the rotation of the cage by energization and interruption of the energization were adopted.
  • the two-way clutch is switched to the disengaged state by the electromagnetic clutch to cut off the power transmission from the electric motor to the wheels.
  • the two-way clutch is controlled by the electromagnetic clutch, the two-way clutch is instantaneously switched to the disengaged state. For this reason, the wheel is locked and cannot be steered, and the vehicle does not suddenly stop.
  • a sensor for detecting the rotational speed of the rotating shaft of the motor and the rotational speed of the wheel is provided, and the abnormality of the motor is determined by comparing the detection signals output from each sensor.
  • an acceleration sensor that detects the acceleration of the rotating shaft of the electric motor and the acceleration of the wheel, and a method of determining an abnormality of the electric motor from comparison of detection signals output from the respective acceleration sensors can be employed.
  • the two-way clutch is switched to the disengaged state by an electromagnetic clutch when the ABS is operated while the vehicle is running.
  • the electric motor and the wheel are separated from each other. Therefore, even if the rotor of the electric motor continues to rotate due to the inertia, the rotation is not transmitted to the wheel side. For this reason, the rotor does not affect the control of the ABS, and the wheel can follow the ABS control well.
  • clutches 1 to 3 can be employed as the two-way clutch.
  • Clutch 1 a cylindrical surface on one side of the outer circumference of the input shaft connected to the driving side shaft and the inner surface of the outer ring connected to the driven side shaft and the inner side of the outer ring, and the cylindrical surface on the other side.
  • a plurality of cam surfaces are formed between the outer ring and the input shaft, and pockets are formed at positions facing the respective cam surfaces.
  • a roller that engages with the cylindrical surface and the cam surface by the relative rotation of the outer ring and the input shaft is incorporated in the pocket, and between the outer ring and the input shaft between the member on the side where the cam surface is formed and the cage.
  • Roller type that incorporates a switch spring that elastically holds the cage so that the roller is held in a neutral position.
  • Clutch 2 a cylindrical surface on one side of the outer periphery of the input shaft connected to the driving side shaft and the inner surface of the outer ring connected to the driven side shaft and the inner side of the outer ring, and the cylindrical surface on the other side.
  • a plurality of cam surfaces are formed between the outer ring and the input shaft, and pockets are formed at positions facing the respective cam surfaces.
  • a roller that engages with the cylindrical surface and the cam surface by the relative rotation of the outer ring and the input shaft is incorporated in the pocket, and between the outer ring and the input shaft between the member on the side where the cam surface is formed and the cage.
  • a roller type that incorporates a switch spring that applies rotational torque in a direction in which the roller is pushed into one narrow portion of a wedge space formed by a cylindrical surface and a cam surface.
  • Clutch 3 a cylindrical surface is provided on each of the inner periphery of the outer ring connected to the driven side shaft and the outer periphery of the input shaft connected to the inner side of the outer ring and connected to the driving side shaft.
  • a retainer and a second retainer disposed inside the first retainer are assembled, and when the retainers rotate relative to each other in a pocket provided at an opposite position of the retainers, A sprag that engages with each cylindrical surface of the input shaft is incorporated, the second retainer is fixed to the input shaft, and the sprag is disposed between the first retainer and the second retainer between the cylindrical surface of the outer ring and the input shaft.
  • Sprag type that incorporates a switch spring that urges the first cage toward one circumferential direction in a direction to engage with the cylindrical surface of the.
  • the engagement state in which the engagement member composed of the roller or the sprag transmits the rotation of the input shaft in one direction to the outer ring to the rotation of the input shaft in the other direction is transmitted.
  • the backlash is large, and the backlash is large, so when the accelerator pedal is depressed strongly, the depression is released and the torsion of the part is released. It is possible to absorb the vibration, and to suppress the transmission of the shakeback vibration to the vehicle.
  • the two-way clutch may be incorporated between an electric motor and a transmission that shifts the rotation of the electric motor and transmits the rotation to the wheel.
  • a transmission that shifts the rotation of the electric motor and transmits it to the wheel, and the transmission May be incorporated between the differential that transmits the driving force output from the left and right axles, or between the differential and the axle that transmits the rotation of the electric motor to the left and right axles. Further, it may be incorporated between a pair of left and right axles and wheels connected to each of the axles.
  • an armature that is prevented from rotating by a cage and is supported so as to be movable in the axial direction as an electromagnetic clutch, and that is fixed to the outer ring or the input shaft and faces the armature in the axial direction. It is possible to employ a rotor composed of a stationary member and an electromagnet that is supported by a stationary member and attracts the armature to the rotor by energization.
  • the driving force of the electric motor is reduced.
  • the power transmission system for transmitting to the wheel has a driving wheel to which the driving force from the electric motor is input and a driven wheel for outputting the driving force transmitted from the driving wheel to the wheel side, and the rotational speed of the driving wheel Overrun that transmits the driving force of the driving wheel to the driven wheel when the speed is higher than the rotational speed of the driven wheel and causes the driving wheel to rotate freely when the rotational speed of the driven wheel becomes faster than the rotational speed of the driving wheel A configuration incorporating a type of one-way clutch was adopted.
  • the one-way clutch automatically overruns when the rotational speed of the driven wheel exceeds the rotational speed of the driving wheel ( Idle state). For this reason, the wheels continue to rotate without being locked, and there is no possibility of being unable to steer or suddenly stopping the vehicle.
  • the rotation speed of the electric motor is lowered so as to be slower than the minimum value corresponding to the minimum rotation fluctuation of the wheel, or the ABS is stopped by stopping the electric motor.
  • the control is activated, the one-way clutch is idled and the power transmission system from the electric motor to the wheel is cut off, and the wheel can follow the ABS control well.
  • the one-way clutch may be any of a roller type, a sprag type, a radial type ratchet type, or an axial type ratchet type.
  • a rotational resistance due to friction is imparted between the driving wheel and the driven wheel when the two wheels rotate relative to each other (at the time of idling).
  • a frictional resistance applying means in which the frictional torque due to the rotational resistance is made smaller than the allowable torque of the one-way clutch, even if the one-way clutch tries to idle due to the deceleration of the motor, the driving wheel and the driven wheel are driven by the frictional resistance applying means. Since constant torque transmission is performed between the two, energy regeneration can be performed using the electric motor as a generator.
  • a friction plate and a plurality of axially slidable inner friction plates that are prevented from rotating with respect to the outer periphery of the inner drive wheel are alternately assembled in the axial direction, and both friction plates are brought into elastic contact with each other by pressing of an elastic member.
  • an outer cone whose outer peripheral surface is prevented from rotating on the inner periphery of the outer drive wheel and capable of sliding in the axial direction, and whose inner peripheral surface is tapered, and which is prevented from rotating on the outer periphery of the inner drive wheel.
  • the two-way clutch is incorporated in the power transmission system from the motor to the wheel, and the engagement and disengagement of the two-way clutch are controlled by the electromagnetic clutch.
  • power transmission from the motor to the wheels can be interrupted immediately. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the vehicle from being suddenly stopped due to the wheels being locked and being unable to steer.
  • control of the two-way clutch is an electrical control that does not use hydraulic pressure, the configuration can be simplified.
  • the power transmission from the motor to the wheel is immediately interrupted when the motor fails. can do. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the vehicle from being suddenly stopped due to the wheels being locked and being unable to steer.
  • the one-way clutch does not require electrical control, so the structure is simple and the cost can be reduced.
  • the rotation speed of the motor is controlled so that the rotation speed of the motor becomes slower than the minimum value corresponding to the rotation fluctuation of the wheel. Therefore, when the ABS control is activated, the one-way clutch is in the idling state. Thus, the power transmission system from the electric motor to the wheel is cut off, and the wheel can follow the ABS control well.
  • Schematic plan view showing a first embodiment of an electric vehicle according to the present invention 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a power interrupting device incorporated in the electric vehicle of FIG. Sectional view along line III-III in FIG. Sectional view along line IV-IV in FIG. Sectional drawing which shows the neutral state of the two-way clutch in a power interruption device
  • Sectional drawing which shows the one-way engagement state of a two-way clutch Sectional drawing which shows the engagement state to the other direction of a two-way clutch Sectional drawing which shows the other example of the two-way clutch in a power interruption device
  • Sectional drawing which shows the one-way engagement state of the two-way clutch shown in FIG. Sectional drawing which shows the engagement state to the other direction of the two-way clutch shown in FIG. Sectional drawing which shows the further another example of the two-way clutch in a power interruption device
  • or (c) is a schematic plan view which shows the other example of a power interruption device incorporating.
  • Schematic plan view showing a second embodiment of the electric vehicle according to the present invention (D) is a longitudinal sectional view of the one-way clutch incorporated in the electric vehicle shown in FIG.
  • Sectional drawing which shows the other example of a one-way clutch Sectional drawing which shows another example of a one-way clutch Sectional drawing which shows another example of a one-way clutch (F) is a front view of the outer ring shown in FIG. 22, and (g) is a longitudinal sectional view of (f).
  • (H) is a front view of the cam plate shown in FIG. 22, (i) is a plan view of (h).
  • (J) is a development view showing a state where the engaging claw of the cam plate is engaged with the protrusion, and (k) is a development view showing a state where the engagement claw of the cam plate is released from the protrusion.
  • Longitudinal sectional view of one-way clutch with built-in friction resistance applying means Longitudinal sectional view showing another example of frictional resistance applying means
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
  • a pair of left and right front wheels 2 are provided at the front of a vehicle body 1 in an electric vehicle, and a pair of left and right rear wheels 3 are provided at the rear.
  • An electric motor 10 is mounted on the front of the vehicle body 1, and the rotation of the electric motor 10 is changed by the transmission 11.
  • the rotation of the output shaft of the transmission 11 is transmitted from the front differential 12 to the pair of left and right axles 4.
  • the front wheel 2 rotates.
  • the transmission 11 is adapted to shift the rotation of the electric motor 10 to one stage, but a transmission adapted to shift to two stages may be adopted.
  • a power interrupting device 20 that incorporates driving force transmission from the electric motor 10 to the transmission 11 and switching between interruptions is incorporated.
  • the power interrupting device 20 includes a two-way clutch 21 and an electromagnetic clutch 40 that controls engagement and disengagement of the two-way clutch 21.
  • the two-way clutch 21 incorporates an input shaft 23 inside an outer ring 22 and is supported relatively rotatably by a bearing 24, and is provided at one end of the input shaft 23.
  • a plurality of cam surfaces 27 are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer periphery of the cam ring portion 25 having a diameter and the cylindrical surface 26 formed on the inner periphery of the outer ring 22.
  • the cage 28 provided between the outer ring 22 and the input shaft 23 is provided with a pocket 29 at a position facing the cam surface 27, and a roller 30 as an engaging member is incorporated in each pocket 29, and the input
  • the roller 30 is engaged with the cylindrical surface 26 and the cam surface 27 so that the rotation of the input shaft 23 is transmitted to the outer ring 22.
  • an input ring 31 to which rotation of the rotating shaft of the electric motor 10 shown in FIG. 1 is transmitted is fitted to the other end of the input shaft 23, and the input ring 31 and the input shaft 23 are fitted with a spline 32. It is designed to rotate together.
  • a circular recess 33 is formed on one end surface of the cam ring portion 25 in the axial direction, and a switch spring 34 is incorporated in the recess 33.
  • the switch spring 34 has a circular shape in which a part in the circumferential direction is cut off, and a pair of pressing pieces 35 are provided outward at both ends of the cut-off portion.
  • the pair of pressing pieces 35 is inserted into a notch 37 formed at one end of the retainer 28 from a notch 36 formed on the peripheral wall of the recess 33, and the notch 36 and the notch 37 are arranged in the circumferential direction.
  • the cage 28 is elastically held in a neutral position where both ends are pressed in opposite directions and the roller 30 is disengaged from the cylindrical surface 26 and the cam surface 27 by the pressing.
  • the electromagnetic clutch 40 has an armature 41, a rotor 42 that faces the armature 41 in the axial direction, and faces the rotor 42 in the axial direction, and attracts the armature 41 to the rotor 42 by energization. It consists of an electromagnet 43.
  • the armature 41 has an annular shape.
  • the armature 41 is incorporated in a rotor guide 38 made of a non-magnetic material that is fitted into an end of the outer ring 22 on the opening side and is prevented from rotating around the outer ring 22, and is formed at the other end of the cage 28. It faces the orientation flange 28a in the axial direction.
  • the armature 41 is slidably fitted into a cylindrical portion 28b formed on the inner peripheral portion of the inward flange 28a, and a projecting piece 41a provided on the inner peripheral portion and a notch portion formed in the cylindrical portion 28b. It is prevented from rotating with respect to the retainer 28 by the engagement of 28c.
  • the rotor 42 has a configuration in which cylindrical portions 42 b and 42 c facing in the same direction are provided on the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion of the suction plate portion 42 a, and the outer peripheral cylindrical portion 42 b is fitted to the rotor guide 38. Combined and fixed to the rotor guide 38.
  • the electromagnet 43 includes an electromagnetic coil 43a and a core 43b that holds the electromagnetic coil 43a.
  • the electromagnet 43 is supported by a support ring 44 as a stationary member, while the support ring 44 is supported by a bearing 45 incorporated between the outer ring 22 and a bearing 46 incorporated between the input ring 31 and the outer ring 22.
  • the input ring 31 is rotatably supported.
  • the electric vehicle shown in the first embodiment has the above-described structure, and drives the motor 10 to energize the electromagnetic coil 43a of the electromagnetic clutch 40 when the vehicle starts moving forward.
  • the armature 41 When the electromagnetic coil 43 a is energized, the armature 41 is attracted to the rotor 42, and the cage 28 is coupled to the outer ring 22 via the armature 41 and the rotor 42.
  • the rotation of the input shaft 23 is transmitted to the outer ring 22 via the roller 30, the rotation of the outer ring 22 is changed by the transmission 11, and the rotation output from the transmission 11 is transmitted from the front differential 12 to the pair of left and right axles. 4 is transmitted to the front wheel 2 and the vehicle travels forward.
  • the vehicle is started at a low speed, but the accelerator pedal may be accidentally depressed strongly, and the depression of the pedal may be released immediately due to the surprise caused by the sudden start.
  • the input shaft 23 is abruptly released after a large twist occurs.
  • the roller 30 is switched from the forward travel engagement position shown in FIG. 6 to the reverse travel engagement position shown in FIG. 7 until the engagement position is changed. Since the rotation direction backlash is large, release of twisting of the input shaft 23 can be absorbed by the rotation direction backlash. Therefore, the transmission of the shake-back vibration to the vehicle is suppressed, so that the driver does not feel uneasy or does not deteriorate the riding comfort.
  • each sensor S 1 it is possible to determine the abnormality of the electric motor 10 from the comparison of the detection signal output from the S 2.
  • An acceleration sensor that detects the acceleration of the rotating shaft of the electric motor 10 and the acceleration of the front wheel 2 can be provided, and abnormality of the electric motor 10 can be determined from comparison of detection signals output from the respective acceleration sensors.
  • the cage 28 is rotated with respect to the input shaft 23 by the restoring elasticity of the switch spring 34. As shown, the roller 30 is returned to the neutral position, and the two-way clutch 21 is immediately disengaged and the coupling between the outer ring 22 and the input shaft 23 is released.
  • the front wheel 2 is not locked and cannot be steered.
  • the vehicle does not stop suddenly, and the driver can perform an operation such as stopping the vehicle without his own panic.
  • the energization to the electromagnetic coil 43a of the electromagnetic clutch 40 is released when the ABS is operated.
  • the two-way clutch 21 is switched to the disengaged state as described above, and the electric motor 10 and the front wheel 2 are disconnected.
  • the rotor of the electric motor 10 does not affect the ABS control, and the front wheel 2 can follow the ABS control well.
  • the cylindrical surface 26 is formed on the inner periphery of the outer ring 22 and the cam surface 27 is provided on the outer periphery of the cam ring portion 25, but the cylindrical surface is formed on the outer periphery of the cam ring portion 25, A cam surface may be provided around the circumference.
  • a switch spring 34 is incorporated between the outer ring 22 and the cage 28 to elastically hold the cage 28 so that the roller 30 is held in the neutral position. Further, the rotor 42 of the electromagnet 43 is supported by the input shaft 23.
  • FIG. 8 to 13 show another example of the two-way clutch 21 that forms the power interrupting device 20.
  • the lengths of the pair of pressing pieces 35 provided at both ends of the switch spring 34 are made different, and the shorter pressing pieces 35a are opposed to each other in the circumferential direction of the notch 36 formed in the peripheral wall of the recess 33.
  • the longer pressing piece 35b is engaged with the other end surface of the long hole 39 formed in one end of the retainer 28 in the circumferential direction, and the roller 30 is engaged when the vehicle moves forward. 2 is different from the two-way clutch 21 shown in FIG. 2 in that the cage 28 is elastically held in the standby state arranged at the position.
  • roller 30 of the two-way clutch 21 elastically holds the retainer 28 in a standby state arranged at the engagement position when the vehicle moves forward, when the electric motor 10 is driven for the vehicle to advance forward, Since the two-way clutch 21 is in the one-way clutch mode, the roller 30 is immediately engaged with the cylindrical surface 26 and the cam surface 27 by the rotation transmitted from the electric motor 10 to the input shaft 23, as shown in FIG. The rotation of the shaft 23 is transmitted to the outer ring 22 via the roller 30.
  • the rotation of the outer ring 22 is immediately transmitted from the transmission 11 to the front wheel 2 via the front differential 12. For this reason, the vehicle can be started without a sense of incongruity.
  • the driver can perform operations such as stopping by his / her own intention without falling into a panic, and after the vehicle stops, the vehicle can be smoothly moved to the side of the road by hand.
  • the rotational speed of the electric motor 10 is made much lower than the average speed of the front wheels 2 when the ABS is operating.
  • the outer wheel 22 of the two-way clutch 21 is free to rotate with respect to the input shaft 23 by lowering the rotation speed of the electric motor 10 to be larger than the average speed of the front wheel 2, so that the front wheel 2 is rotated by the ABS control.
  • the front wheel 2 is disconnected from the electric motor 10 and thus does not affect the ABS control.
  • the electric motor 10 When moving the vehicle backward, the electric motor 10 is rotated in the reverse direction, and the electromagnetic coil 43a of the electromagnetic clutch 40 is energized.
  • the armature 41 When the electromagnetic coil 43 a is energized, the armature 41 is attracted to the rotor 42, and the cage 28 is coupled to the outer ring 22 via the armature 41 and the rotor 42.
  • the rotation of the input shaft 23 is transmitted to the outer ring 22 via the roller 30, the rotation of the outer ring 22 is changed by the transmission 11, and the rotation output from the transmission 11 is transmitted from the front differential 12 to the pair of left and right axles. 4 is transmitted to the front wheel 2 and the vehicle travels backward.
  • FIGS. 14 to 16 show still another example of the two-way clutch 21 forming the power interrupting device 20.
  • a sprag 50 is used as an engagement element.
  • the first cage 51 and its A second cage 52 is incorporated inside, and sprags 50 are incorporated in pockets 53 and 54 formed in both cages 51 and 52 and facing each other in the radial direction.
  • a pair of elastic pieces 56 for urging the sprag 50 in the same direction as the rotation direction of the first holder 51 is incorporated in the pocket 53 of the first holder 51.
  • the sprag 50 is tilted by the relative rotation of both the cages 51 and 52, and is engaged with the cylindrical surfaces 26 and 27a of the outer ring 22 and the input shaft 23. In this case, the sprag 50 can be engaged in both the clockwise direction and the counterclockwise direction as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16.
  • the use of the sprags 50 provides a large allowable torque even if it is compact because the number of the sprags 50 is larger than that in the case where the rollers 30 are used as the engagement elements.
  • the second retainer 52 is fixed to the input shaft 23, and a switch spring 55 is incorporated between the second retainer 52 and the first retainer 51, so that the pockets 53, 54 of both retainers 51, 52 are included.
  • the first cage 51 is urged in the circumferential direction in a direction in which the phase of the first shifts in the circumferential direction.
  • the sprag 50 is inclined as shown in FIG. 15 to form a one-way clutch.
  • an inward flange 51a is formed at the end of the first cage 51, and the armature 41 of the electromagnetic clutch 40 is slidably fitted to a cylindrical portion 51b provided on the inner peripheral portion of the inward flange 51a. And is prevented from rotating.
  • the one-way clutch 21 when no current is flowing through the electromagnetic coil 43a, the one-way clutch is in a state as shown in FIG. 15, and the input shaft 23 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. The rotation is transmitted to the outer ring 22 through the sprag 50, and the outer ring 22 rotates in the same direction as the input shaft 23.
  • the armature 41 When the electromagnetic coil 43 a is energized, the armature 41 is attracted to the rotor 42, and the outer ring 22 and the first retainer 51 are integrated via the armature 41 and the rotor 42.
  • the first retainer 51 is urged toward one of the circumferential directions by the switch spring 55, and the sprag 50 is applied to each of the cylindrical surfaces 26 and 27a.
  • the first retainer 51 may be elastically held at the neutral position where the sprag 50 is disengaged from the cylindrical surfaces 26 and 27a by the switch spring 55.
  • the power interrupting device 20 is incorporated between the electric motor 10 and the transmission 11, but the assembly position of the power interrupting device 20 is not limited to this.
  • FIGS. 17A to 17C show other examples of assembling the power interrupting device 20.
  • a power interrupting device 20 is incorporated between the transmission 11 and the front differential 12.
  • (B) incorporates a power interrupting device 20 between each of the pair of left and right axles 4 and the front differential 12.
  • (C) incorporates a power interrupting device 20 between the pair of left and right axles 4 and the front wheels 2.
  • FIG. 18 shows a second embodiment of the electric vehicle according to the present invention.
  • the second embodiment is different in that a one-way clutch 60 is used in place of the electric vehicle power interrupting device shown in FIG. For this reason, the same parts as those shown in FIG.
  • the one-way clutch 60 is a driving wheel in which the rotation from the electric motor 10 is input to the inner side of the outer wheel 61 as a driven wheel that outputs rotational torque to the transmission 11.
  • the inner ring 62 is incorporated and supported by a pair of bearings 63 so as to be relatively rotatable.
  • a wedge space is formed on the outer periphery of the inner ring 62 with a cylindrical surface 64 formed on the inner periphery of the outer ring 61.
  • a plurality of cam surfaces 65 are provided at intervals in the circumferential direction, and a roller 66 as an engagement member between each cam surface 65 and the cylindrical surface 64, and the roller 66 is engaged with both the cylindrical surface 64 and the cam surface 65. It is composed of an overrunning roller type that incorporates an elastic member 67 that urges in the direction of movement.
  • the one-way clutch 60 is incorporated so that the roller 66 engages the cylindrical surface 64 of the outer ring 61 and the cam surface 65 of the inner ring 62 when the electric motor 10 rotates in the direction in which the vehicle travels forward.
  • the electric vehicle shown in the second embodiment has the above structure. Now, when the electric motor 10 is driven, the rotation of the electric motor 10 is transmitted to the inner ring 62, and the inner ring 62 is in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. The roller 66 is engaged with the cylindrical surface 64 of the outer ring 61 and the cam surface 65 of the inner ring 62, and the one-way clutch 60 is engaged.
  • the rotation of the inner ring 62 is transmitted to the outer ring 61 via the roller 66, the rotation of the outer ring 61 is shifted by the transmission 11, and the rotation output from the transmission 11 is transferred from the front differential 12 to the pair of left and right axles 4. Is transmitted to the front wheel 2 and the vehicle travels forward.
  • the vehicle is started at a low speed, but the accelerator pedal may be accidentally depressed strongly, and the depression of the pedal may be released immediately due to the surprise caused by the sudden start.
  • various driving parts of the power transmission system from the electric motor 10 to the front wheels 2 are greatly twisted by the acceleration torque.
  • the rotor of the electric motor 10 has a large inertial force, and a large twist occurs in the output shaft connected to the rotor, and then the twist is abruptly released.
  • the one-way clutch 60 is in an overrunning state in which the outer ring 61 to which the rotational torque from the front wheel 2 is transmitted rotates rapidly with respect to the inner ring 62, and the outer ring 61 rotates freely with respect to the inner ring 62.
  • the rotational speed of the electric motor 10 is controlled so that the rotational speed of the electric motor 10 is slower than the average speed of the front wheels 2 when the ABS is operated.
  • the electric motor 10 is stopped. Due to the speed control of the electric motor 10, the outer ring 61 of the one-way clutch 60 rotates quickly with respect to the inner ring 62, so that the one-way clutch 60 is in an idling state and power transmission from the electric motor 10 to the front wheel 2 is interrupted.
  • the front wheel 2 can be accurately ABS controlled. Also, no abnormal noise is generated.
  • the cylindrical surface 64 is formed on the inner periphery of the outer ring 61 and the cam surface 65 is provided on the outer periphery of the inner ring 62, but the cam surface is provided on the inner periphery of the outer ring 61.
  • a cylindrical surface may be formed on the outer periphery.
  • the inner ring 62 is a driving wheel and the outer ring 61 is a driven wheel
  • the outer ring 61 may be a driving wheel and the inner ring 62 may be a driven wheel.
  • FIG. 19 shows a roller type one-way clutch 60, but the one-way clutch 60 is not limited to this. 20 to 25 show other examples of the one-way clutch 60. FIG. 19
  • FIG. 20 shows a sprag type one-way clutch 60.
  • cylindrical surfaces 73 and 74 are formed on the inner periphery of the outer ring 71 and the outer periphery of the inner ring 72, and two retainers 75 and 76 having different outer diameters are provided between the cylindrical surfaces 73 and 74.
  • a plurality of pockets 77, 78 facing the retainers 75, 76 in the radial direction are provided at intervals in the circumferential direction, and the sprags as engaging elements are straddling the pockets 77, 78 facing the radial direction 79, and a pair of cam surfaces 80, 81 in which the distance between the opposing surfaces becomes longer as the sprag 79 is tilted toward one side in the circumferential direction is formed at both ends of the sprag 79, and the pocket of the small diameter side retainer 76 is formed.
  • An elastic member 82 is incorporated in 78, and the sprag 79 is urged toward the direction in which the cam surfaces 80, 81 of the sprag 79 engage with the cylindrical surfaces 73, 74.
  • the cam surfaces 80 and 81 of the sprag 79 are connected to the outer ring side cylindrical surface 73 and the inner ring 72.
  • the rotation of the inner ring 72 is transmitted to the outer ring 71 via the sprag 79, and the outer ring 71 rotates in the same direction as the inner ring 72.
  • the inner wheel 72 is a driving wheel and the outer wheel 71 is a driven wheel, but the inner wheel 72 may be a driven wheel and the outer wheel 71 may be a driving wheel.
  • FIG. 21 shows a radial type ratchet type one-way clutch 60.
  • an inner ring 112 is incorporated inside the outer ring 111, and a plurality of notches 113 are formed in the inner circumference of the outer ring 111 at intervals in the circumferential direction, while a plurality of pockets are formed on the outer circumference of the inner ring 112.
  • 114 are provided at intervals in the circumferential direction, and an engaging claw 115 that can swing in each pocket 114 and an elastic member 116 that urges the engaging claw 115 in a direction to engage with the notch 113 are incorporated. Yes.
  • one of the outer ring 111 and the inner ring 112 is used as a drive wheel to which power from the electric motor 10 is transmitted, and the other is used to output the driving force transmitted from the drive wheel to the wheel 2 side. Used as a driven wheel.
  • the inner ring 112 is used as a driving wheel and the inner ring 112 is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 21 by driving the electric motor 10, the engaging claw 115 is engaged with the notch 113, and the rotation of the inner ring 112 is transmitted to the outer ring 111.
  • the outer ring 111 rotates in the same direction as the inner ring 112.
  • the number of the notches 113 is made larger than the number of the engaging claws 115 and the formation pitch of the notches 113 is different from the mounting pitch of the engaging claws 115, one of the plurality of engaging claws 115 is set. Since the engaging claw 115 is held in a state of being engaged with the notch 113, there is no play in the rotation direction, and the outer ring 111 can be rotated simultaneously with the rotation of the inner ring 112.
  • the engaging claw 115 is held by the inner ring 112 and the notch 113 is formed on the inner periphery of the outer ring 111, but the engaging claw 115 is held by forming a pocket on the inner periphery of the outer ring 111.
  • a notch 113 may be formed on the outer periphery.
  • FIG. 22 to 25 show an axial type ratchet type one-way clutch 60.
  • FIG. 1 In this one-way clutch 60, an inner ring 122 is incorporated inside the outer ring 121, an inward flange 123 is provided at one end of the outer ring 121, and the other end of the inner ring 122 is outwardly facing the inward flange 123 in the axial direction.
  • a flange 124 is provided, and the inward flange 123 is provided with a plurality of projections 125 having cam surfaces 126 on the outer surface facing the outward flange 124 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
  • the inward flange 123 and the outward flange A plurality of engaging claws 128 that can be engaged with the protrusions 125 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer periphery of an annular cam plate 127 that is assembled between the opposing surfaces of the 124.
  • the cam plate 127 is biased by an elastic member 129 made of a wave spring in a direction in which the cam plate 127 is engaged.
  • the cam surface 126 formed on the outer periphery of the protrusion 125 is inclined with an upward gradient in the circumferential direction, as shown in FIGS. 23 (f), (g) and FIGS. 25 (j), (k). It consists of a surface 126a, a flat surface 126b that is continuous with the edge of the inclined surface 126a, and a step surface 126c that is continuous with the edge of the flat surface 126b. Further, the cam surface 126 is inclined radially outward with a downward gradient, and the inclination angle ⁇ is about 4 °.
  • the engaging claws 128 provided on the outer periphery of the cam plate 127 are inclined with respect to both the front and back surfaces of the cam plate 127 as shown in FIGS.
  • the surface 126c can be engaged.
  • one of the outer ring 121 and the inner ring 122 is used as a driving wheel to which power from the electric motor 10 is transmitted, and the other is used to output the driving force transmitted from the driving wheel to the wheel 2 side. Used as a driven wheel.
  • the inner ring 122 used as a driving wheel
  • the engaging claw 128 engages with the step surface 126 c of the protrusion 125, and the rotation of the inner ring 122 is transmitted to the outer ring 121.
  • the outer ring 121 rotates in the same direction as the inner ring 122.
  • the number of the protrusions 125 is larger than the number of the engaging claws 128 and the formation pitch of the protrusions 125 is different from the formation pitch of the engagement claws 128, among the plurality of engagement claws 128, Since one engagement claw 128 is disposed at a position that is in contact with or close to the step surface 126 c of the protrusion 125, there is little play in the rotation direction, and the outer ring 121 can be rotated simultaneously with the rotation of the inner ring 122.
  • the protrusion 125 is provided on the inward flange 123 of the outer ring 121, but the protrusion is provided on the outward flange 124 of the inner ring 122, and the cam plate 127 is directed toward the outward flange 124 by the elastic member 129. May be energized.
  • a large-diameter hole 85 is formed at the open end of the outer ring 61 in the roller-type one-way clutch 60 shown in FIG. 19, and the inner ring 62 has a large-diameter shaft at a position facing the large-diameter hole 85.
  • a portion 86 is provided, and a frictional resistance applying means 90 is provided between the large diameter shaft portion 86 and the inner diameter surface of the large diameter hole portion 85.
  • the friction resistance applying means 90 a plurality of outer side friction plates 91 and a plurality of inner side friction plates 92 are alternately assembled in the axial direction, and the outer side friction plates 91 are attached to the inner diameter surface of the large-diameter hole 85.
  • the inner side friction plate 92 is prevented from rotating around the inner ring 62 as a fitting by the spline 94 with respect to the large-diameter shaft portion 86.
  • the friction plates 91 and 92 are made to be slidable in the axial direction and are brought into elastic contact with each other by pressing of an elastic member 95 made of a disc spring, so that the outer friction plate 91 and the inner friction plate 92 are contacted with each other.
  • a rotational resistance due to friction is applied between the outer ring 61 and the inner ring 62.
  • Reference numeral 96 denotes a retaining ring for retaining the elastic member 95.
  • the friction resistance applying means 90 including the plurality of friction plates 91 and 92 between the outer ring 61 and the inner ring 62, even if the one-way clutch 60 idles due to the reduced rotation of the electric motor 10, the friction plates 91, Since 92 groups transmit the rotational torque by friction, the electric motor 10 functions as a generator and can regenerate energy.
  • the rotational torque due to the friction of the friction plates 91 and 92 at the time of energy regeneration is set to be smaller than the driving torque of the electric motor 10, that is, the transmittable torque of the one-way clutch 60, and the outer side friction plate 91 at the time of fail safe when the electric motor 10 fails.
  • the inner friction plate 92 is set to slip.
  • the frictional resistance imparting means 90 when the acceleration is started by releasing the accelerator pedal and stopping the acceleration, the driving parts such as the output shaft of the electric motor that has been twisted by the acceleration torque as described above can be obtained.
  • the vibration of shaking back is started, but the vibration can be effectively suppressed by the idling of the one-way clutch 60 and the resistance caused by the friction of the friction plates 91 and 92.
  • the frictional resistance of the friction plates 91 and 92 can be applied as a braking force when the ABS is operated.
  • the frictional resistance applying unit 90 includes a plurality of friction plates 91 and 92, but the frictional resistance applying unit 90 is not limited to this.
  • an outer cone 100 in which an inner peripheral surface 101 is tapered between a large diameter hole portion 85 and a large diameter shaft portion 86, and an outer peripheral surface 103 is a tapered inner peripheral surface of the outer cone 100.
  • An inner cone 102 having a tapered shape that conforms to 101 is incorporated, and the outer cone 100 is fitted to the large-diameter hole 85 by a spline 93 to prevent the outer ring 61 from rotating, and the inner cone 102 is slidable in the axial direction.
  • the nakone 102 is fitted to the large-diameter shaft portion 86 by the spline 94 so as to be prevented from rotating on the inner ring 62 and slidable in the axial direction, and the inner cone 102 is urged toward the outer cone 100 by pressing of the elastic member 104. It may be as described above.
  • the one-way clutch 60 is incorporated between the electric motor 10 and the transmission 11, but the assembly position of the one-way clutch 60 is not limited to this. For example, you may make it integrate in the position of the power interruption apparatus 20 shown to Fig.17 (a) thru

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Mounting Of Devices That Control Transmission Of Motive Force (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à une automobile électrique conçue d'une manière telle que la transmission de puissance du moteur électrique aux roues peut être immédiatement interrompue lorsque le moteur électrique tombe en panne ou lorsque l'ABS est activé. Un embrayage bidirectionnel (21) est monté dans le système de transmission de puissance pour transmettre la puissance d'entraînement du moteur électrique (10) aux roues avant (2).l'embrayage bidirectionnel (21) est pourvu d'un dispositif de retenue (28) et de rouleaux (30) retenus par le dispositif de retenue (28), et l'embrayage bidirectionnel (21) accouple l'arbre latéral d'entraînement et l'arbre latéral entraîné l'un à l'autre par la mise en prise des rouleaux (30) provoquée par la commande rotative du dispositif de retenue (28). La transmission de puissance depuis le moteur électrique (10) aux roues avant (2) est immédiatement interrompue par la commande de la mise en prise et de la séparation de l'embrayage bidirectionnel (21) grâce à la conduction et à l'interruption de l'électricité vers la bobine électromagnétique (43a) d'un embrayage électromagnétique (40).
PCT/JP2010/064718 2009-09-11 2010-08-30 Automobile électrique WO2011030689A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2010800403271A CN102481843A (zh) 2009-09-11 2010-08-30 电动汽车
DE112010003617T DE112010003617T5 (de) 2009-09-11 2010-08-30 Elektrofahrzeug

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2009210532A JP2011062011A (ja) 2009-09-11 2009-09-11 電気自動車
JP2009-210532 2009-09-11
JP2009236258 2009-10-13
JP2009-236258 2009-10-13
JP2009-287807 2009-12-18
JP2009287807A JP2011102112A (ja) 2009-10-13 2009-12-18 電気自動車

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WO2011030689A1 true WO2011030689A1 (fr) 2011-03-17

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WO (1) WO2011030689A1 (fr)

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WO2012137812A1 (fr) * 2011-04-05 2012-10-11 Ntn株式会社 Appareil d'entraînement de moteur de véhicule, et automobile
CN107303806A (zh) * 2016-04-19 2017-10-31 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 用于混合动力汽车的动力耦合装置
CN111016647A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-17 西南大学 中央驱动式超大载荷智慧自适应电驱动系统

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CN106678199B (zh) * 2017-01-06 2019-05-07 安徽工业大学 一种楔块式电磁离合器
BE1024677B1 (nl) * 2017-04-20 2018-05-17 The Chillafish Company Nv Dubbele vrijloopkoppeling voor een go-kart of skelter, evenals mechanisme en go-kart of skelter die zulke dubbele vrijloopkoppeling bevatten
JP2019098937A (ja) * 2017-12-01 2019-06-24 トヨタ自動車株式会社 セレクタブルワンウェイクラッチの制御装置
DE102018217863A1 (de) * 2018-10-18 2020-04-23 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Elektrischer Achsantrieb für ein Kraftfahrzeug
CN109236989A (zh) * 2018-11-30 2019-01-18 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 一种电磁离合式超越皮带轮及启发一体式电机
CN112656252B (zh) * 2019-10-16 2023-10-17 广东美的生活电器制造有限公司 食品处理机
CN114599893B (zh) * 2019-10-28 2023-08-04 日东工器株式会社 离合器机构及动力工具

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CN107303806A (zh) * 2016-04-19 2017-10-31 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 用于混合动力汽车的动力耦合装置
CN111016647A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-17 西南大学 中央驱动式超大载荷智慧自适应电驱动系统
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CN102481843A (zh) 2012-05-30

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