WO2011013592A1 - コート製剤 - Google Patents
コート製剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011013592A1 WO2011013592A1 PCT/JP2010/062454 JP2010062454W WO2011013592A1 WO 2011013592 A1 WO2011013592 A1 WO 2011013592A1 JP 2010062454 W JP2010062454 W JP 2010062454W WO 2011013592 A1 WO2011013592 A1 WO 2011013592A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cashew nut
- nut shell
- oil
- mass
- coated
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/22—Anacardiaceae (Sumac family), e.g. smoketree, sumac or poison oak
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
- A23K40/35—Making capsules specially adapted for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
- A61K31/05—Phenols
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/60—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
- A61P33/02—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a coated preparation comprising cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) adsorbed on an oil absorbent, granulated, and coated on the particle surface.
- CNSL cashew nut shell liquid
- the present invention also relates to a feed additive containing a coating preparation, a feed, and a method for raising livestock using the same.
- Non-patent Document 1 Cashew nut shell liquid is known to have an antibacterial action (Non-patent Document 1) and a coccidiosis-reducing action (Patent Documents 1-3). Furthermore, the test tube test result using anacardic acid (nonpatent literature 2) is reported regarding the rumen function improvement effect of a ruminant.
- cashew nut shell liquid is Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Bacillus subtilis , there is antibacterial activity on Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus ammoniagenes, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes , Gram-negative bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida utilis, It has been reported that fungi such as Penichillium chrysogenum have no antibacterial action (Non-patent Document 3). Since cashew nut shell liquid is liquid or solid at room temperature, it is preferably formulated so as to be uniformly mixed with feed.
- cashew nuts are a plant of the family Urushiaceae and may cause rashes to the user. For this reason, it is preferable that the cashew nut shell liquid is not exposed on the surface, and the cashew nut shell liquid is released in the rumen of the ruminant. In order to prevent rash, it is preferable to coat the surface of the preparation. Feeds coated with hydrogenated oil have been reported as rumen bypass feeds, but no feeds that release active ingredients in the rumen have been reported. For example, vitamin E-containing feed coated with hydrogenated oil bypasses the lumen (Patent Document 4).
- vitamin K3-containing feed coated with hydrogenated oil has a particle size as small as 50 to 1000 ⁇ m, and does not collapse even if a cow ruminates and is not digested in the lumen, bypassing the lumen (Patent Document 5).
- an oil- and fat-coated solid feed characterized by being coated with an oil-and-fat mixture made of animal fat, vegetable oil and hydrogenated oil and having a melting point adjusted to 40 to 50 ° C. has been reported (Patent Document 6). However, there is no mention of release within the lumen.
- JP 2003-238400 A JP 2001-151675 A JP-A-8-231410 JP 2005-278442 A JP-A-6-237700 JP-A-6-217707
- This invention makes it a subject to formulate cashew nut shell liquid into the coat formulation which is easy to handle. Another object of the present invention is to prevent rash caused by cashew nut shell liquid. Furthermore, this invention makes it a subject to provide the formulation suitable for discharge
- the inventors of the present invention adsorbed cashew nut shell oil on an oil absorbent, granulated it, and coated the particle surface with a hardened oil or a coating agent. It was found that shell oil can be formulated into a coat formulation that is easy to handle and that rashes caused by cashew nut shell oil can be prevented. The present inventors have also found that the coated preparation of the present invention has an excellent effect of improving the lumen function in addition to having an excellent handleability and an anti-rash function. The inventors have thus completed the present invention.
- the present invention is as follows.
- a coated preparation obtained by adsorbing cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid or cardanol to an oil absorbent, granulating it, and coating the particle surface with a hardened oil or a coating agent.
- a feed additive comprising the coat preparation according to (1).
- a feed comprising the coat preparation according to (1) or the feed additive according to (2).
- a domestic animal breeding method characterized by feeding the feed according to (3).
- a method for producing a coated preparation comprising adsorbing cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid or cardanol to an oil absorbent, granulating the same, and coating the particle surface with a hardened oil or a coating agent.
- the coated preparation of the present invention can release cashew nut shell liquid in the lumen when eating.
- the coated preparation of the present invention is a preparation prepared by adsorbing cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid or cardanol to an oil absorbent, granulating it, and coating the particle surface with a hardened oil or a coating agent.
- Cashew nut shell oil is an oily liquid contained in the shell of the cashew nut tree ( Anacardium occidentale L.).
- Cashew nut shell oil contains anacardic acid, cardanol, and cardol as its components. In general, anacardic acid is converted to cardanol by heat treatment.
- Non-heated cashew nut shell oil extracted by squeezing cashew nut shell contains 55 to 80% by mass of anacardic acid and cardanol as described in J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49, 2548-2551. It contains 5 to 20% by mass and 5 to 30% by mass of cardol.
- Heated cashew nut shell oil obtained by heat-treating non-heated cashew nut shell oil at 130 ° C.
- cardanol is converted to cardanol by decarboxylation of anacardic acid, which is the main component of unheated cashew nut shell oil, and 0-10 mass% of anacardic acid. , 55 to 80% by mass of cardanol and 5 to 30% by mass of cardol.
- Cashew nut shell oil can be obtained as a vegetable oil extracted by pressing the cashew nut shell. Moreover, cashew nut shell liquid can also be obtained by extraction, for example, solvent extraction of cashew nut shell. Further, cashew nut shell liquid can be obtained by a method described in JP-A-8-231410, for example, a solvent extraction method. A commercial item can also be used for cashew nut shell liquid.
- the cashew nut shell liquid of the present invention may be a heated cashew nut shell oil obtained by heating the non-heated cashew nut shell oil obtained as described above to 70 ° C or higher, preferably 130 ° C or higher.
- the cashew nut shell oil of the present invention may be obtained by press-extracting cashew nut shell (non-heated cashew nut shell oil) and heat treating it at 130 ° C.
- the coated preparation of the present invention may contain anacardic acid or cardanol instead of cashew nut shell liquid.
- the content of cashew nut shell liquid in the coated preparation of the present invention is 15 mass% to 70 mass%, preferably 20 mass% to 60 mass%, more preferably 25 mass% to 55 mass%, based on the total amount of the coated preparation. is there. If it is 15% by mass or more, the effect of improving rumen fermentation can be efficiently achieved, and if it is 70% by mass or less, hand irritation is eliminated and workability of the coated preparation can be maintained. .
- the content of cashew nut shell liquid in the feed additive of the present invention is preferably 0.02% by mass to 90% by mass, more preferably 0.04% by mass to 80% by mass, and further preferably 0.06% by mass to 70% by mass. If it is 0.02 mass% or more, a rumen fermentation improvement effect can be efficiently exhibited, and if it is 90 mass% or less, handleability can be maintained, which is preferable.
- the content of cashew nut shell liquid in the feed of the present invention is preferably 0.02% by mass to 4.0% by mass, more preferably 0.04% by mass to 2.0% by mass, and still more preferably 0.06% by mass. % To 1.0% by mass. If it is 0.02 mass% or more, the effect of improving rumen fermentation can be efficiently achieved, and if it is 4.0 mass% or less, handleability can be maintained, which is preferable.
- anacardic acid used in the present invention examples include natural product anacardic acid, synthetic anacardic acid, and derivatives thereof. Commercial anacardic acid may also be used.
- anacardic acid is obtained by using cashew nut oil obtained by extracting cashew nut shells with an organic solvent by using, for example, silica gel column chromatography with n-hexane, acetic acid. It can be obtained by changing the ratio of the mixed solvent of ethyl and acetic acid (JP-A-3-240721, JP-A-3-240716, etc.).
- Such anacardic acid has the same content as cashew nut shell liquid and can be included in the coating preparation, feed additive, and feed.
- cardanol used in the present invention examples include natural product cardanol, synthetic cardanol, and derivatives thereof.
- the cardanol used in the present invention can be obtained by decarboxylating anacardic acid, which is the main component of cashew nut shell liquid.
- Such cardanol has the same content as cashew nut shell liquid and can be included in coat preparations, feed additives, and feeds.
- the mass ratio of anacardic acid to cardanol in the heated cashew nut shell oil is preferably 0: 100 to 20:80.
- oil-absorbing agent used in the present invention examples include bentonite, zeolite, attapulgite, sepiolite, pearlite, diatomaceous earth, silica, activated carbon, activated clay, and acid clay.
- the oil absorbing agent of the present invention is preferably an oil absorbing agent that adsorbs 50 to 300 g of oil per 100 g. Further, when the particle size exceeds 200 ⁇ m, the particles become coarse and separate, so that the particle size is preferably 2 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the coat preparation of the present invention can be obtained, for example, as follows. After mixing the oil-absorbing agent and cashew nut shell liquid, it can be granulated using a normal extrusion granulator, and then tableted if necessary. Moreover, the mixture of an oil-absorbing agent and cashew nut shell liquid can be tableted by a briquette machine. In addition, feed ingredients such as cereal flour can be mixed with the oil absorbent and cashew nut shell liquid and granulated together. After granulation, rounding can be performed to round the corners and chamfer the pellets. The rounding process can be performed using a Malmerizer, for example.
- hardened oils used in the present invention include extremely hardened oils such as soybean hardened oil, palm hardened oil, and rapeseed extremely hardened oil, but cashew nut shell oil, anacardic acid, or cardanol in the lumen. It is not limited as long as it can be released.
- Examples of the coating agent used in the present invention include zein (product of Kobayashi Fragrance Co., Ltd.), shellac (product of Gifu Shellac Co., Ltd.), HPMC (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose: trade name Metroles, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. product), Pullulan (Hayashibara Corporation product), hemirose (Freund Sangyo Co., Ltd. product), sugars such as sucrose, lactose, trehalose, water-soluble sheets such as oblate, hydrolyzed paper, etc.
- zein product of Kobayashi Fragrance Co., Ltd.
- shellac product of Gifu Shellac Co., Ltd.
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose: trade name Metroles, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. product
- Pullulan Hyashibara Corporation product
- hemirose Flreund Sangyo Co., Ltd. product
- sugars such as sucrose, lactose,
- Such a coating agent examples include cereal flours such as starch and wheat flour, and raw materials used for the oil absorbing agent described above.
- cereal flours such as starch and wheat flour
- raw materials used for the oil absorbing agent described above are examples of such a coating agent.
- coating with a coating agent it is preferable to carry out the following steps after granulation. -Drying after spraying an aqueous solution or ethanol solution of the coating agent onto the particles. -Adjust the thickness by repeating the coating process.
- a preferred mass ratio of the particles to the hardened oil or the coating agent is 85 to 99.9: 15 to 0.1.
- the coat may be a plurality of layers in which two or more kinds of hardened oils and / or coating agents are respectively applied.
- hardened oil or coating agent Prior to coating with hardened oil or coating agent, bentonite, zeolite, attapulgite, sepiolite, perlite, diatomaceous earth, silica, activated carbon, activated clay, acid clay, to prevent stickiness of the mixture of cashew nut shell liquid and adsorbent It is preferable to apply an oil absorbing agent such as The coating agent is preferably zein, shellac, HPMC (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose), pullulan and hemirose. Further, the application of the oil absorbing agent and the application of the hardened oil or the coating agent may be repeated several times.
- the coated preparation of the present invention comprises rumen fermentation improving agent for ruminants, bloating prevention agent, bloating treatment agent, acidosis treatment agent, Clostridium disease control agent, coccidium disease control agent, livestock increase. It is also preferably used as a body preparation.
- the feed additive of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains the coating preparation of the present invention.
- the feed additive is optional, such as a component effective for promoting the growth of ruminants, a nutritional supplement, and a component that enhances storage stability. It may further contain a component.
- Such optional components include, for example, live bacteria such as Enterococcus bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, bifidobacteria, etc .; enzymes such as amylase and lipase; vitamins such as L-ascorbic acid, choline chloride, inositol, and folic acid; potassium chloride , Minerals such as iron citrate, magnesium oxide, phosphates, amino acids such as DL-alanine, DL-methionine, L-lysine; organic acids such as fumaric acid, butyric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid and their salts; ethoxyquin, dibutyl Antioxidants such as hydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, ferulic acid, vitamin C and vitamin E; antifungal agents such as calcium propionate; binders such as CMC, sodium caseinate and sodium polyacrylate; lecithin, glycerin fatty acid ester , Emulsifiers such as sorbitan
- the feed additive of the present invention can be mixed with other feed ingredients used in normal feed to make feed. There are no particular restrictions on the type of feed and ingredients other than the coat preparation.
- the feed is preferably for ruminants.
- the feed of the present invention is suitable for breeding ruminants such as cows, goats and sheep.
- the amount of feed to be ingested can be adjusted as appropriate according to the kind of animal, body weight, age, sex, health condition, ingredients of the feed, etc.
- the cashew nut nut shell liquid contained in the feed is preferably 0.005 to 500 g / head. -Day, more preferably 0.05 to 100 g / head / day, still more preferably 0.5 to 50 g / head / day.
- a method for ingesting and rearing a feed a commonly used method can be employed depending on the type of animal.
- Cashew nut shell 500 kg was obtained from Cashew Trading Co., Ltd. and pressed to produce 158 kg cashew nut shell oil (non-heated CNSL). Further, heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid (heated CNSL) obtained by converting anacardic acid into cardanol by heat treatment was obtained from Cashew Trading Co., Ltd.
- the composition of CNSL was measured by the following method. Specifically, HPLC (Waters 600, Nippon Waters Co., Ltd.), detector (Waters 490E, Nihon Waters Co., Ltd.), printer (Chromatopack C-R6A, Shimadzu Corporation), column (SUPELCOSIL LC18, SUPELCO) were used.
- Non-heated cashew nut shell liquid is 61.8% by mass of anacardic acid, 8.2% by mass of cardanol, 19.9% by mass of cardol, and the heated cashew nut shell liquid is 0.0% by mass of anacardic acid, cardanol 71.4% by mass and cardol 14.4% by mass.
- Example 2 g of shellac (Gifu Shellac Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in 100 ml of ethanol. While spraying 100 g of Formulation H (Comparative Example 2) with hand spray, shellac was uniformly attached to the surface. The amount of adhesion was 6.0 g. Dry at 50 ° C. for 1 hour. The above operation was repeated 4 times to obtain a coated preparation A (Example 1) finally coated with 0.5% by mass shellac. 2 g of zein (manufactured by Kobayashi Fragrance Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in 100 ml of a 70% by mass aqueous ethanol solution.
- zein manufactured by Kobayashi Fragrance Co., Ltd.
- Example 2 While spraying 100 g of Formulation H (Comparative Example 2) with hand spray, zein was uniformly attached to the surface. The adhesion amount was 5.3 g. Dry at 50 ° C. for 1 hour. The above operation was repeated 4 times, and finally a coated preparation B (Example 2) coated with 0.5% by mass zein was obtained. 2 g of HPMC (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose: trade name Metroles, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in 100 ml of pure water. While spraying 100 g of Formulation H (Comparative Example 2) with hand spray, HPMC was uniformly adhered to the surface. The adhesion amount was 10 g. Dry at 50 ° C. for 1 hour.
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose: trade name Metroles, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Example 3 coated with 0.6% by mass HPMC.
- 2 g of pullulan (Hayashibara Corporation product) was dissolved in 100 ml of pure water. Pullulan was uniformly attached to the surface while spraying 100 g of Formulation H (Comparative Example 2) with hand spray. The adhesion amount was 8.6 g. Dry at 50 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the above operation was repeated twice to finally obtain a coated preparation D (Example 4) coated with 0.6% by mass pullulan.
- 9 g of hemirose (Freund Sangyo Co., Ltd. product) was dissolved in 10 ml of ethanol.
- the hemirose ethanol solution was dissolved in 79.2 ml of pure water. Further, 0.9 g of D-sorbitol and 0.9 g of sucrose fatty acid ester (S-1170, product of Mitsubishi Chemical Foods) were dissolved. While spraying 100 g of Formulation H (Comparative Example 2) with hand spray, the coating solution was uniformly adhered to the surface. The amount of adhesion was 5.0 g. Dry at 50 ° C. for 1 hour. The above operation was repeated to obtain a coated preparation E (Example 5) finally coated with 0.9% by mass hemirose.
- rash can be prevented by coating with a coating agent or hardened oil.
- the test culture solution concentration of non-heated CNSL was 500 mg / L. CNSL, 0.05 g, was dissolved in 1 ml of ethanol and 100 ⁇ l was added to the screw cap test tube. The ethanol was volatilized by leaving it for several hours.
- 0.15 g of corn starch, 0.025 g of mixed feed powder and 0.025 g of orchardgrass hay powder were added as culture substrates.
- 10 ml of the above diluted lumen solution was added, a butyl rubber cap and a plastic screw cap were applied while blowing nitrogen gas into the head space, and anaerobic culture was performed while shaking at 70 rpm (37 ° C., 18 hours). Formulations mixed with feed are assumed to be bitten by livestock.
- the formulation was ground in a mortar.
- the test culture solution concentration of Formulation H (Comparative Example 2) was ground in a mortar so that the final non-heated CNSL concentration would be 500 mg / L, and then 0.0079 g was added to the screw cap test tube, and the same test was conducted. It was.
- the coated preparation F of Example 6 was similarly ground in a mortar, and then 0.0089 g was added to the screw cap test tube, and the same test was conducted.
- Treatment was as follows: no addition (ethanol only: control group), non-heated CNSL group, preparation group, and coat preparation group, each of which was cultured in 5 series.
- Tables 3 and 4 show that the effect of improving the lumen function of the coated preparation of the present invention is similar to that of the non-heated CNSL, and the non-heated CNSL is released from the coated preparation into the culture solution.
- the coat preparation of the present invention has an effect of improving rumen fermentation, an effect of preventing bloating, an effect of treating bloating, an effect of treating acidosis, an effect of controlling disease by Clostridium, an effect of controlling disease by coccidium, and an effect of gaining livestock.
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Abstract
Description
カシューナッツ殻油は室温で液体または固体であるため、飼料に均一に混和するために製剤化することが好ましい。さらにカシューナッツはうるし科の植物のため、使用者にかぶれを引き起こすこともある。このためカシューナッツ殻油が表面に露出しておらず、反芻動物のルーメン内でカシューナッツ殻油が放出される製剤にすることが好ましい。かぶれを防止するためには、製剤の表面をコーティングすることが好ましい。
硬化油でコーティングした飼料はルーメンバイパス飼料としては報告されているが、ルーメン中に有効成分を放出する飼料は報告されていない。たとえば硬化油でコーティングしたビタミンE含有飼料はルーメンをバイパスしてしまう(特許文献4)。また、硬化油でコーティングしたビタミンK3含有飼料は粒径が50~1000μmと小さく、牛が反芻しても崩壊せず、ルーメン内でも消化されないため、ルーメンをバイパスしてしまう(特許文献5)。さらに、動物脂、植物油および硬化油からなりしかも融点が40~50℃に調整された油脂混合物で被覆した事を特徴とする油脂被覆固形飼料が報告されている(特許文献6)。しかしながら、ルーメン内での放出については記載が無い。
本発明者らはまた、本発明のコート製剤が、優れた取扱性およびかぶれ防止機能を有することに加えて、優れたルーメン機能改善効果を有することを見出した。
本発明者らは、このようにして、本発明を完成するに至った。
(1)カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸またはカルダノールを吸油剤に吸着させ、これを造粒し、粒子表面を硬化油またはコート剤で被覆してなるコート製剤。
(2)(1)に記載のコート製剤を含有することを特徴とする飼料添加剤。
(3)(1)に記載のコート製剤または(2)に記載の飼料添加剤を含有することを特徴とする飼料。
(4)(3)に記載の飼料を摂取させることを特徴とする家畜の飼育方法。
(5)カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸またはカルダノールを吸油剤に吸着させること、これを造粒すること、及び粒子表面を硬化油またはコート剤で被覆することを含む、コート製剤の製造方法。
本発明のコート製剤は、食下時にルーメンにおいて、カシューナッツ殻油を放出することができる。
カシューナッツの殻を圧搾することにより抽出された非加熱カシューナッツ殻油は、J.Agric.Food Chem. 2001, 49, 2548-2551に記載されるように、アナカルド酸を55~80質量%、カルダノールを5~20質量%、カルドールを5~30質量%含むものである。
非加熱カシューナッツ殻油を130℃以上で加熱処理して得られる加熱カシューナッツ殻油は、非加熱カシューナッツ殻油の主成分のアナカルド酸が脱炭酸しカルダノールに変換され、アナカルド酸を0~10質量%、カルダノールを55~80質量%、カルドールを5~30質量%含むものとなる。
カシューナッツ殻油は、市販品を用いることもできる。
本発明のカシューナッツ殻油は、上記のようにして得られた非加熱カシューナッツ殻油を、70℃以上、好ましくは130℃以上に加熱することによって得た加熱カシューナッツ殻油であってもよい。
本発明のカシューナッツ殻油は、カシューナッツの殻から圧搾抽出(非加熱カシューナッツ殻油)し、これを130℃に加熱処理して得たものでもよい。
本発明のコート製剤は、カシューナッツ殻油の代わりに、アナカルド酸またはカルダノールを含んでいてもよい。
なお、加熱カシューナッツ殻油を用いる場合、加熱カシューナッツ殻油中のアナカルド酸とカルダノールとの質量比は、好ましくは、0:100~20:80である。
吸油剤およびカシューナッツ殻油を混合した後、通常の押し出し造粒機を用いて造粒することができ、その後、必要に応じて、打錠する。
また、吸油剤およびカシューナッツ殻油の混合物は、ブリケットマシーンで打錠成型することもできる。
なお、穀物粉などの飼料成分を前記吸油剤およびカシューナッツ殻油に混合し、一緒に造粒することもできる。
造粒後は、ペレットの角をとり、面取りをするために、まるめ処理を行うことができる。まるめ処理は、例えばマルメライザーを使用して行うことができる。
本発明において使用される硬化油としては、大豆極度硬化油、パーム極度硬化油、および菜種極度硬化油のような極度硬化油が挙げられるが、ルーメン中にカシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、またはカルダノールを放出できる限り、限定されない。
本発明において使用されるコート剤としては、ゼイン(小林香料(株)製品)、セラック((株)岐阜セラック製品)、HPMC(ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース:商品名メトローズ、信越化学工業(株)製品)、プルラン((株)林原商事製品)、およびヘミロース(フロイント産業(株)製品)、ショ糖、乳糖、トレハロースなどの糖類、オブラート、水解紙などの水溶性のシート類が挙げられるが、ルーメン中にカシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、またはカルダノールを放出できる限り、限定されない。
また、顆粒又は錠剤は、パウダー状のコート剤でコートすることもできる。このようなコート剤として、デンプン、小麦粉などの穀物粉、上述した吸油剤に用いる原料が挙げられる。
硬化油を用いてコート処理する場合には、造粒後、以下の工程を実施することが好ましい。
・溶解した硬化油中に粒子を投入後粒子のみ取り出し冷却する。
・コート処理を繰り返すことにより厚さを調整する。
コート剤を用いてコート処理する場合には、造粒後、以下の工程を実施することが好ましい。
・粒子にコート剤の水溶液もしくはエタノール溶液を吹き付けた後乾燥する。
・コート処理を繰り返すことにより厚さを調節する。
コート剤は、ゼイン、セラック、HPMC(ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース)、プルランおよびヘミロースが好ましい。
また、上記吸油剤の塗布および硬化油またはコート剤の塗布はそれぞれ複数回塗り重ねても良い。
飼料を摂取させる方法及び飼育する方法は、動物の種類に応じて、通常用いられる方法をとることができる。
CNSLの組成は以下の方法で測定した。すなわち、HPLC(Waters600、日本ウォーターズ(株))、検出機(Waters490E、日本ウォーターズ(株))、プリンタ(クロマトパックC-R6A、島津製作所)、カラム(SUPELCOSIL LC18、SUPELCO社)を用いた。アセトニトリル:水:酢酸が80:20:1(用量比)の溶媒を用い、流速は2ml/分とした。280nmの吸光度で検出した。
非加熱カシューナッツ殻油には、アナカルド酸が61.8質量%、カルダノールが8.2質量%、カルドールが19.9質量%、加熱カシューナッツ殻油には、アナカルド酸が0.0質量%、カルダノールが71.4質量%、カルドールが14.4質量%含まれていた。
シリカ(Sipernat22、エボニック デグサ ジャパン(株)製品)600gと非加熱CNSL 1,200gを混練後、押し出し造粒(φ3.0mm)した。丸め処理にはマルメライザーQ400型((株)テクノパウダルトン社製品)を用いた。510rpmで60秒間丸め処理を行った。粒子同士が付着しやすく、粒径が増大した(製剤G、比較例1)。
シリカ(Sipernat22、エボニック デグサ ジャパン(株)製品)1,170gと非加熱CNSL 2,340gを混練後、押し出し造粒(φ3.0mm)した。丸め処理にはマルメライザーQ400型((株)テクノパウダルトン社製品)を用いた。510rpmで30秒間丸め処理後にベントナイト(Na型ベントナイト、クニミネ工業(株)製品)を95g、30秒後にベントナイトを95g添加した。さらに30秒丸め処理を継続し、ベントナイトで表面をコートしたφ3~4mmの製剤H(比較例2)を製造した。
セラック((株)岐阜セラック製品)2gをエタノール100mlに溶解させた。製剤H(比較例2)100gにハンドスプレーで噴霧させながら表面にセラックを均一に付着させた。付着量は6.0gであった。50℃で1時間乾燥させた。上記操作を4回繰り返し、最終的に0.5質量%セラックでコートされたコート製剤A(実施例1)を得た。
ゼイン(小林香料(株)製品)2gを70質量%のエタノール水溶液100mlに溶解させた。製剤H(比較例2)100gにハンドスプレーで噴霧させながら表面にゼインを均一に付着させた。付着量は5.3gであった。50℃で1時間乾燥させた。上記操作を4回繰り返し、最終的に0.5質量%ゼインでコートされたコート製剤B(実施例2)を得た。
HPMC(ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース:商品名メトローズ、信越化学工業(株)製品)2gを純水100mlに溶解させた。製剤H(比較例2)100gにハンドスプレーで噴霧させながら表面にHPMCを均一に付着させた。付着量は10gであった。50℃で1時間乾燥させた。上記操作を2回繰り返し、最終的に0.6質量%HPMCでコートされたコート製剤C(実施例3)を得た。
プルラン((株)林原商事製品)2gを純水100mlに溶解させた。製剤H(比較例2)100gにハンドスプレーで噴霧させながら表面にプルランを均一に付着させた。付着量は8.6gであった。50℃で1時間乾燥させた。上記操作を2回繰り返し、最終的に0.6質量%プルランでコートされたコート製剤D(実施例4)を得た。
ヘミロース(フロイント産業(株)製品)9gをエタノール10mlに溶解させた。純水79.2mlに上記ヘミロースエタノール溶液を溶解した。更にD-ソルビトール0.9g、蔗糖脂肪酸エステル(S-1170、三菱化学フーズ(株)製品)0.9gを溶解させた。製剤H(比較例2)100gにハンドスプレーで噴霧させながら表面に上記コーティング液を均一に付着させた。付着量は5.0gであった。50℃で1時間乾燥させた。上記操作を繰り返し、最終的に0.9質量%ヘミロースでコートされたコート製剤E(実施例5)を得た。
パーム極度硬化油(横関油脂工業(株)製品)1.0gを200mlのプラスチックビーカーに入れ、60℃に加温し溶解させた。製剤H(比較例2)50gを加え混合し、表面に硬化油を均一に付着させた。室温に冷却する事により、硬化油でコートされた製剤を得た。上記操作を10回繰り返し、最終的に13質量%硬化油でコートされたコート製剤F(実施例6)を得た。
比較例の製剤および実施例のコート製剤の物性を表1に示す。
完全にぱらぱらしていてべとつき感無し 0
非常に軽度のべとつき感有り 1
べとつき感有り 2
製剤同士がくっついてしまい玉を形成してしまう 3
粘土状 4
最高点 4
紅斑なし 0
非常に軽度の紅斑(かろうじて識別できる) 1
はっきりした紅斑 2
中程度ないし高度紅斑 3
高度紅斑から僅かな痂皮の形成(深部損傷)まで 4
最高点 4
(1)培養
培養イノキュラムには、肉牛よりルーメンカニューレを用いて経口採取したルーメン液(2重ガーゼろ液)を用いた。イノキュラムはMcDougalの人工唾液(pH 6.8)で2倍に希釈して使用した。
McDougalの人工唾液(pH 6.8)の組成を以下に示す。
蒸留水 1L
MgCl2・6H2O 0.13g
Na2HPO4 3.68g
CaCl2・2H2O 0.053g
KCl 0.57g
NaCl 0.47g
NaHCO3 9.80g/pH6.8
飼料に混和した製剤は家畜に噛み砕かれると想定される。それをモデル化するために、製剤を乳鉢ですりつぶした。製剤H(比較例2)の試験培養液濃度は非加熱CNSL最終濃度を500mg/Lとなるよう、乳鉢ですりつぶした後、0.0079gをねじ口試験管に添加し、以下同様に試験を行った。実施例6のコート製剤Fも同様に乳鉢ですりつぶした後0.0089gをねじ口試験管に添加し、以下同様に試験を行った。
処理は無添加(エタノールのみ:対照区)、非加熱CNSL区、製剤区、コート製剤区とし、それぞれ5連の培養とした。
メタンはFIDガスクロマトグラフィーにて分析した。すなわち、ガスクロマトグラフィー(GC-9A、(株)島津製作所)、クロマトパック(C-R4A、(株)島津製作所)、カラム(Molecular Sieve5A;60-80mesh;2.5m×3.0mm;ステンレスカラム、信和化工(株))、キャリアガスはN2を用いた。総揮発性脂肪酸(VFA)濃度と組成はFIDガスクロマトグラフィーで分析した。すなわち、カラム(Reoplex400;10%;ChromosorbW;80-100mesh;AW-DMCS;2.1m×3.2mm;ガラスカラム、信和化工(株))を用いた以外、メタンと同様に測定した。
(i)ガス生成(表3)
メタンが本発明のコート製剤添加で有意に減少し、減少程度は非加熱CNSLと同程度であった。
総揮発性脂肪酸濃度はコート製剤を添加しても変化しなかった(発酵そのものの抑制はない)。しかし発酵パターンは顕著に変化し、酢酸および酪酸生成が有意に減り、プロピオン酸生成が有意に増え、増加程度は非加熱CNSLと同程度であった。
本発明のコート製剤は、ルーメン発酵改善効果、鼓脹症予防効果、鼓脹症治療効果、アシドーシス治療効果、クロストリディウムによる病害防除効果、コクシジウムによる病害防除効果、および家畜の増体効果を有する。
Claims (5)
- カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸またはカルダノールを吸油剤に吸着させ、これを造粒し、粒子表面を硬化油またはコート剤で被覆してなるコート製剤。
- 請求項1に記載のコート製剤を含有することを特徴とする飼料添加剤。
- 請求項1に記載のコート製剤または請求項2に記載の飼料添加剤を含有することを特徴とする飼料。
- 請求項3に記載の飼料を摂取させることを特徴とする家畜の飼育方法。
- カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸またはカルダノールを吸油剤に吸着させること、これを造粒すること、及び粒子表面を硬化油またはコート剤で被覆することを含む、コート製剤の製造方法。
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BRBR112012001997-0A BR112012001997A2 (pt) | 2009-07-30 | 2010-07-23 | Formulação revestida, aditivo para alimentação, alimentação, e, métodos de criar um animal doméstico, e de fabricar uma formulação revestida. |
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WO2012144519A1 (ja) | 2011-04-18 | 2012-10-26 | 出光興産株式会社 | 液体投与型粒剤 |
WO2013069780A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-16 | 出光興産株式会社 | ウイルス感染防除剤 |
JP2014515265A (ja) * | 2011-05-23 | 2014-06-30 | グラスプ インダストリア エ コマーシオ エルティーディーエー. | 第一胃内発酵由来のメタン放出を低減するカプセル化硝酸塩及び硫酸塩の使用 |
WO2014142113A1 (ja) | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-18 | 出光興産株式会社 | カシューナッツ殻油等を含有するシリカ製剤 |
WO2020162599A1 (ja) | 2019-02-08 | 2020-08-13 | 出光興産株式会社 | 機能性飼料 |
WO2022250027A1 (ja) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-12-01 | 株式会社エス・ディー・エス バイオテック | 家畜の腸管細胞の炎症抑制剤 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2460415A4 (en) | 2014-02-19 |
AU2010276790B2 (en) | 2014-09-04 |
AR077514A1 (es) | 2011-08-31 |
JPWO2011013592A1 (ja) | 2013-01-07 |
TW201105247A (en) | 2011-02-16 |
BR112012001997A2 (pt) | 2015-09-01 |
CN102469809A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
JP5705731B2 (ja) | 2015-04-22 |
AU2010276790A1 (en) | 2012-02-23 |
US20120128817A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
EP2460415A1 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
KR20120051725A (ko) | 2012-05-22 |
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