WO2011013412A1 - 非接触電流センサ - Google Patents
非接触電流センサ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011013412A1 WO2011013412A1 PCT/JP2010/056508 JP2010056508W WO2011013412A1 WO 2011013412 A1 WO2011013412 A1 WO 2011013412A1 JP 2010056508 W JP2010056508 W JP 2010056508W WO 2011013412 A1 WO2011013412 A1 WO 2011013412A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- current
- magnetic field
- free layer
- spin valve
- valve structure
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
- G01R15/205—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices using magneto-resistance devices, e.g. field plates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/146—Measuring arrangements for current not covered by other subgroups of G01R15/14, e.g. using current dividers, shunts, or measuring a voltage drop
- G01R15/148—Measuring arrangements for current not covered by other subgroups of G01R15/14, e.g. using current dividers, shunts, or measuring a voltage drop involving the measuring of a magnetic field or electric field
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
- G01R33/093—Magnetoresistive devices using multilayer structures, e.g. giant magnetoresistance sensors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
- G01R33/098—Magnetoresistive devices comprising tunnel junctions, e.g. tunnel magnetoresistance sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/10—Magnetoresistive devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-contact current sensor, and more particularly to a sensor that measures a current in a non-contact manner by detecting a magnetic field induced by the current.
- a current sensor is indispensable for an inverter, which is a typical device of a power semiconductor, and is also true for a breaker.
- the current sensor used for the detection is the magnitude of the magnetic field to be measured. Is from one digit to several tens of Oe (Oersted).
- the above-described GMR element and TMR element have already been put into practical use as a read head for a hard disk.
- the GMR element and the TMR element have a magnetic multilayer structure called a spin valve.
- the spin valve structure is a structure in which a magnetic layer (pinned layer), a nonmagnetic layer, and a magnetic layer (free layer) are stacked.
- the pinned layer is configured so that the magnetization direction is more difficult to reverse than the free layer.
- the nonmagnetic layer is disposed to serve to break the magnetic coupling between the two magnetic layers (between the pinned layer and the free layer).
- the spin valve structure operates as a GMR element when a metal is used for the nonmagnetic layer, and operates as a TMR element when an insulator is used.
- the operating principle of these GMR elements and TMR elements utilizes a phenomenon in which the magnetization direction of the free layer forms an angle with respect to the magnetization direction of the pinned layer due to the influence of the magnetic field to be detected. That is, since the resistance value of the spin valve structure changes according to the angle, the GMR element and the TMR element detect the magnetic field by the change in the resistance value.
- the resistance value is the lowest, and the magnetization direction of the free layer and the magnetization direction of the pinned layer are antiparallel. In this case (antiparallel arrangement), the resistance value is the highest.
- the GMR element and the TMR element are based on an analog operation that detects a magnetic field in a region having linearity between a parallel arrangement and an antiparallel arrangement in order to detect a minute leakage magnetic field from a detection target. It is said.
- ferromagnetic films called hard bias films
- hard bias films ferromagnetic films
- the analog operation described above is realized by using such a pre-tilted state as a reference.
- the material or structure is designed so that the coercivity of the free layer is smaller than the magnetic field to be detected. .
- GMR elements and TMR elements that perform analog operations as described above are unsuitable for application to power semiconductors and breakers, or for measurement under conditions with large environmental noise such as car electronics. That is, when performing high-precision (high-resolution) measurement in analog operation, the fundamental problem that the output decreases in exchange for resolution cannot be avoided. Therefore, operation in an environment with strong ambient environmental noise becomes difficult, and new problems such as the need for a high-speed high-performance preamplifier in the subsequent stage arise.
- the digital detection operation there is no problem like the analog operation, but since only binary detection corresponding to the parallel arrangement and the anti-parallel arrangement is performed, another problem that the application range as a non-contact current sensor is narrowed. Occurs.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a non-contact current sensor that can operate even in an environment with a large amount of environmental noise.
- the object of the present invention is to detect a current-induced magnetic field of one digit to several tens of Oe with high accuracy and in principle with an infinitesimal magnetic field resolution without being limited by the coercivity of the free layer.
- a non-contact current sensor is provided.
- the inventor of the present application goes back to the state of the non-contact sensor based on the analog operation based on the conventional linearity (linearity) and examines the above-mentioned problem, thereby using the following quantization method.
- the invented non-contact current sensor based on operation goes back to the state of the non-contact sensor based on the analog operation based on the conventional linearity (linearity) and examines the above-mentioned problem, thereby using the following quantization method.
- the invented non-contact current sensor based on operation goes back to the state of the non-contact sensor based on the analog operation based on the conventional linearity (linearity) and examines the above-mentioned problem, thereby using the following quantization method.
- the invented non-contact current sensor based on operation goes back to the state of the non-contact sensor based on the analog operation based on the conventional linearity (linearity) and examines the above-mentioned problem, thereby using the following quantization method.
- the non-contact current sensor of the present invention has a spin valve structure including a free layer, a pinned layer, and a nonmagnetic layer disposed between the free layer and the pinned layer in order to solve the above problems. And an electric means for applying a current to the spin valve structure when detecting a current-induced magnetic field, and a resistance reading means for electrically reading a resistance value of the spin valve structure when detecting a current-induced magnetic field. I have. And it is comprised so that the coercive force of the said free layer may become larger than the said current induction magnetic field made into detection object.
- the electrical means applies a current to the spin valve structure to cause the magnetization directions of the pinned layer and the free layer to transition between a mutually parallel state and an antiparallel state.
- the resistance reading means reads a resistance value corresponding to a transition between the parallel state and the antiparallel state, thereby obtaining a current threshold value or a current-induced magnetic field corresponding to the transition. It comes to detect.
- Sensing of a non-contact current sensor can be performed as a digital operation.
- the quantization corresponding to the current value at the time of transition between the parallel state and the antiparallel state is performed, and the non-contact current sensor can detect the magnetic field with high accuracy.
- the present invention utilizes the fact that the threshold value of the current required for the transition of the magnetization direction of the free layer changes depending on the magnitude of the current-induced magnetic field. That is, when the current-induced magnetic field is detected, the threshold value of the magnetic field that can be detected changes when the electric means changes the value of the electric bias (current or voltage). According to the present invention, by performing quantization using this, high accuracy (in principle, infinitesimal) is possible without sacrificing sensor output, which is impossible in analog operation or binary digital operation. ) An ideal non-contact current sensor for detecting a magnetic field can be realized.
- a plurality of the spin valve structures having different areas are provided, and the plurality of spin valve structures are connected in series.
- the electrical means passes the same current to the plurality of spin valve structures, the current density changes in each spin valve structure. That is, a different magnetic field threshold (detectable without current) can be assigned to each spin valve structure.
- the electrical means changes the pulse height each time a current is applied. That is, the application of current in the electrical means and the reading of the resistance value in the resistance reading means are alternately performed a plurality of times, and the electrical means changes the pulse height each time the current is applied. As a result, quantization corresponding to the pulse height is performed.
- the electrical means changes the pulse width each time a current is applied. That is, the application of current in the electric means and the reading of the resistance value in the resistance reading means are alternately performed a plurality of times, and the electric means changes the pulse width each time the current is applied. As a result, quantization corresponding to the pulse width is performed.
- a spin valve structure including a free layer, a pinned layer, and a nonmagnetic layer disposed between the free layer and the pinned layer, and a current-induced magnetic field are detected.
- the magnetic force is configured to be larger than the current-induced magnetic field to be detected, and the electrical means applies a current to the spin valve structure to change the magnetization directions of the pinned layer and the free layer.
- the resistance reading means has a resistance value corresponding to the transition between the parallel state and the antiparallel state. Reading Since the threshold value of the current corresponding to the transition or the current-induced magnetic field is detected, the magnetization direction of the free layer of the spin valve structure is in a state parallel to the direction of the pinned layer and an antiparallel state. Is made to correspond to the logical values “0” and “1”, respectively, so that the magnetic field of the non-contact current sensor can be detected as a digital operation.
- the magnetic field is detected in analog by the angle of the magnetization direction of the free layer and the pinned layer, it is less affected by environmental noise, and the magnetic field can be detected with high accuracy. That is, it is possible to detect the current with high accuracy in the non-contact current sensor.
- the non-contact current sensor In the non-contact current sensor according to the present invention, a plurality of the spin valve structures having different areas are provided, and the plurality of spin valve structures are connected in series. In this case, the current density is different in each spin valve structure. At that time, in the spin valve structure in which a current density equal to or higher than the threshold value corresponding to the magnetic field to be detected acts, the magnetization direction of the pinned layer and the free layer changes between the parallel state and the antiparallel state, and the state is maintained. Will be. In this way, quantization corresponding to the number of spin valve structures is performed, and a highly accurate magnetic field can be detected by applying a single current. Further, since the magnetic field can be detected only by applying a single current, it is possible to detect the magnetic field at a higher speed.
- the electric means changes the pulse height every time a current is applied, so that the value of the magnetic field corresponds to the pulse height.
- the magnetic field can be detected with one spin valve structure.
- the electric means changes the pulse width every time a current is applied, so that the value of the magnetic field corresponding to the pulse width is detected.
- the magnetic field can be detected with one spin valve structure.
- FIG. (A) is the figure which showed the relationship between a current pulse width (logarithm value) and the current density applied at the time of a detection, (b) performs the application of a current pulse and reading of a resistance value N times alternately. It is the figure which showed the process, and is the figure which showed the process which changes the pulse width of an electric current, whenever it applies.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a relationship between a non-contact current sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention and a current and a magnetic field (current-induced magnetic field) to be detected.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the TMR element of the non-contact current sensor according to the embodiment.
- the non-contact current sensor 1 detects a current-induced magnetic field A induced by a current 20 to be measured by a GMR element or a TMR element.
- the non-contact current sensor 1 includes a TMR element 2 having a spin valve structure and an electric pulse source 3 connected to the TMR element 2.
- the TMR element 2 includes a plurality of layers stacked by a sputtering method. As shown in FIG. 2, on the substrate 10, a lower electrode (Cu / Ta) 11, a pinned layer (CoFeB / Ru / CoFe / IrMn) 12, a tunnel insulating film (MgO) 13 as a nonmagnetic layer, The free layer (CoFeB) 14 is laminated in this order.
- the three layers of the pinned layer 12, the tunnel insulating film 13, and the free layer 14 are processed into a junction size of 200 ⁇ 100 nm by a technique such as Ar ion milling.
- An interlayer insulating film (SiO 2 ) 15 is formed on the three layers 12, 13, 14 and the lower electrode 11.
- the interlayer insulating film 15 includes a first contact hole 15 a for connecting to three layers (junction portions) of the pinned layer 12, the tunnel insulating film 13, and the free layer 14, and the lower electrode 11.
- a second contact hole 15b for connection is formed.
- An upper electrode (Cu / Ta) 16 is formed on the interlayer insulating film 15.
- the TMR element 2 can fix the magnetization direction of the pinned layer 12 by performing annealing in a magnetic field of about 1 T at a temperature of 300 ° C. to 350 ° C. .
- the tunnel insulating film (MgO) 13 and the CoFeB of the pinned layer 12 and the free layer 14 are crystallized, so that a huge magnetoresistance of 100% to 200% (that is, the free layer at the time of magnetic field sensing). 14 and an output value based on a resistance change corresponding to parallel (low resistance) and antiparallel (high resistance) in the magnetization arrangement of the pinned layer 12 is obtained.
- the electric pulse source 3 includes an electric means 4 for applying a current to the spin valve structure of the TMR element 2 when detecting the current-induced magnetic field A, and a TMR when detecting the current-induced magnetic field A.
- Resistance reading means 5 for electrically reading the resistance value of the spin valve structure of the element 2 is provided.
- the electrical means 4 in the present embodiment is used as a means for performing magnetization reversal of the free layer 14 called current injection magnetization reversal, which has been recently discovered and is currently being studied as a basic technology of nonvolatile memory (MRAM).
- This current injection magnetization reversal means that the magnetization direction B of the pinned layer 12 and the magnetization direction C of the free layer 14 are changed from a parallel state to an antiparallel state or from an antiparallel state to a parallel state depending on the polarity of the current. And inversion (transition).
- the magnetization directions of the pinned layer 12 and the magnetization direction C of the free layer 14 are parallel.
- the electrical means 4 causes a current to flow from the free layer 14 side.
- spin-polarized electrons are injected into the free layer 14 from the pinned layer 12 through the tunnel insulating film 13.
- the magnetization of the free layer 14 receives torque in the same direction as the magnetization direction of the pinned layer 12.
- the magnetization direction C of the free layer 14 transitions to a state parallel to the magnetization direction B of the pinned layer 12. This state is a logical value “0”.
- the magnetization directions of the pinned layer 12 and the free layer are antiparallel means that the magnetization directions of both are in opposite directions.
- the electrical means 4 causes a current to flow from the pinned layer 12 side. Then, spin-polarized electrons are injected from the free layer 14 into the pinned layer 12 through the tunnel insulating film 13.
- the resistance reading means 5 is configured to read the resistance value of the TMR element 2 generated by the TMR effect.
- the electrical resistance changes between the parallel state (logical value “0”) and the antiparallel state (logical value “1”) as described above.
- This phenomenon is called a tunnel magnetoresistance effect (TMR effect).
- the non-contact current sensor 1 of the present embodiment reads the resistance value when the resistance reading unit 5 transitions from the logical value “0” to the logical value “1”, and thereby the electrical unit 4 corresponding to the transition. The current value is detected. Thereby, the non-contact current sensor 1 can detect the current-induced magnetic field A of the current 20.
- the current value (voltage value) used for reading at this time may be set so as not to cause magnetization reversal of the free layer 14, that is, to be equal to or lower than the threshold value for current injection magnetization reversal.
- the present embodiment is different from the conventional magnetic sensor, non-contact current sensor, or MRAM that performs recording and erasing with a current-induced magnetic field, in that the coercivity of the magnetization of the free layer 14 is higher than that of the current-induced magnetic field A to be detected. Designing the structure or material to be large.
- the coercive force can be increased because the demagnetizing field is increased by reducing the size in the magnetization direction. It is also possible to use the phenomenon that the coercive force increases in proportion to 1 / D by changing the size (D). For example, in the size of ⁇ 100 nm shown in this embodiment, the coercive force can be doubled by changing the element size from 100 nm to 50 nm. Furthermore, when the element size is constant, the coercive force can be changed depending on the film thickness, although the dependence varies depending on the material.
- the coercive force can be increased in the range of several Oe to 100 Oe by adding a nonmagnetic material such as Pt, Ta, or Nb to a soft magnetic material such as CoFe, CoFeB, or NiFe. It is of course possible to use a perpendicular magnetization film such as TbFeCo or a Co / Ni multilayer film which is a ferrimagnetic material.
- the coercive force of the free layer 14 is 15 Oe, and the magnetic field to be detected is 10 Oe or less.
- the magnetization of the free layer 14 is opposite to the parallel state (logical value “0”).
- the voltage / current value used for reading the resistance value by the resistance reading means 5 is sufficiently smaller than the value necessary for the transition of the magnetization direction of the free layer 14, so that no change occurs. .
- the threshold value of the current required for the transition of the magnetization direction of the free layer 14 is reduced. That is, the fact that the threshold value of the current necessary for the transition of the magnetization direction of the free layer 14 changes depending on the magnitude of the current-induced magnetic field is used.
- the other external field switching (state transition) threshold is variable.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the magnetic field to be detected and the current density of the current applied at the time of detection for the non-contact current sensor 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the current density refers to a current value per unit area.
- the current applied to the TMR element 2 when detecting the magnetic field is I (that is, the current value is constant).
- FIG. 3 shows a relationship between N current densities J 1 to J N and N magnetic field magnitudes H 1 to H N in the current I. As indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 3, the current density and the magnetic field range (lower limit) correspond to each other on a one-to-one basis.
- the linear relationship in FIG. 3 is a result of obtaining a current density threshold value by simulation in a situation where a current-induced magnetic field exists.
- the linear relationship obtained here is not necessarily required, and the current density and the magnetic field value only need to correspond one-to-one.
- bias control when detecting a magnetic field when a linear relationship is obtained, there is an advantage that the magnetic field range to be detected can be handled with a margin of a constant current width.
- the magnitude of the magnetic field that can be detected by the N current densities J 1 to J N is H 1 to H N, and therefore, in this embodiment, N quantizations are performed.
- the magnetic field H i H 1 ⁇ H i ⁇ H N
- the free Digital detection can be performed corresponding to the transition of the magnetization direction of the layer 14.
- the current induced magnetic field can be detected with higher accuracy as the number of quantization samplings is increased in accordance with the measurement accuracy.
- the S / N can be improved by detecting lock-in in accordance with the cycle of the pulse. This makes it possible to detect the magnetic field with higher accuracy.
- Jc shown at the top of the vertical axis in FIG. 3 is a current density threshold when the current-induced magnetic field is zero.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram showing the relationship between the area of the junction of the spin valve structure and the current density applied at the time of detection
- FIG. 4B is a configuration in which spin valve structures having different areas are connected in series.
- a plurality of spin valve structures (TMR elements) having different areas are provided, and the plurality of spin valve structures are connected in series.
- the electrical means 4 applies a constant current I to the higher spin valve layers connected in series.
- each spin valve structure When a constant current I is applied in the spin valve structures connected in series, each spin valve structure has a different area, so that the current density is different for each spin valve structure. That is, as shown in FIG. 4A, N current densities J 1 to J N have a one-to-one correspondence with N spin valve structures S 1 to S N having different areas. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to perform quantization sampling corresponding to the number of spin valve structures only by using a single current I.
- the resistance value corresponding to the transition of the magnetization direction of the free layer 14 is also different for each spin valve structure.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a process of alternately applying a current pulse and reading a resistance value N times in the non-contact current sensor 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the application of current in the electrical means 4 and the reading of the resistance value in the resistance reading means 5 are alternately performed N times.
- Lw 1 , Lw 2 ,... Lw N indicate the pulse height of the current applied by the electric means 4
- Ir indicates the read current in the resistance reading means 5.
- the electrical means 4 changes the pulse height each time a current is applied. That is, the electrical means 4 changes the pulse height to Lw 1 , Lw 2 ,... Lw N every time a current is applied.
- quantization sampling is performed by making the change in current density (quantization sampling number N) shown in FIG. 3 correspond to the pulse height of N currents. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, N quantization samplings can be performed with only one spin valve structure.
- the electrical means 4 is configured to change the pulse height from a low value to a high value when applying a current. This is because with this configuration, the process of initializing the magnetization direction of the free layer 14 can be omitted.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram showing the relationship between the current pulse width (logarithmic value) and the current density applied at the time of detection
- FIG. 6B alternately shows the application of the current pulse and the reading of the resistance value. It is the figure which showed the process performed N times.
- the application of current in the electric means 4 and the reading of the resistance value in the resistance reading means 5 are alternately performed N times.
- ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ,... ⁇ N indicate the pulse width of the current applied by the electric means 4
- ⁇ r indicates the pulse width of the read current in the resistance reading means 5.
- the electric means 4 changes the pulse width every time a current is applied. That is, the electrical means 4 changes the pulse width to ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ,... ⁇ N every time a current is applied.
- J C J C 0 ⁇ 1- (k B T / E) ln ( ⁇ p / ⁇ 0) ⁇ (Formula 2)
- J C is a threshold value of the current density required for transition of the magnetization direction of the free layer 14
- ⁇ p is a pulse width at the current.
- k B represents Boltzmann constant
- T represents temperature
- E represents potential energy.
- the current density threshold J C is inversely proportional to the logarithm of the pulse width ⁇ p. In other words, the shorter the current pulse width, the higher the current density required for transition of the magnetization direction of the free layer 14. Therefore, shortening the pulse width ⁇ of the current applied when detecting the current-induced magnetic field is equivalent to changing the current density threshold JC .
- the vertical axis represents current densities J 1 , J 2 ,... J N
- the horizontal axis represents logarithmic values of pulse widths ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ,. ⁇ If ⁇ N , these relationships are linear.
- quantization sampling is performed by making the change in current density (quantization sampling number N) shown in FIG. 3 correspond to the pulse width of N currents. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, N quantization samplings can be performed with only one spin valve structure.
- the non-contact current sensor 1 includes a free layer 14, a pinned layer 12, and a tunnel insulating film 13 as a nonmagnetic layer disposed between the free layer 14 and the pinned layer 12. 2, electrical means 4 for applying a current to the TMR element 2 when detecting the current-induced magnetic field A, and resistance reading means 5 for electrically reading the resistance value of the TMR element 2 when detecting the current-induced magnetic field And. And it is comprised so that the coercive force of the free layer 14 may become larger than the electric current induction magnetic field A made into a detection target.
- the electrical means 4 applies a current to the TMR element so that the magnetization directions of the pinned layer 12 and the free layer 14 transition between a mutually parallel state and an antiparallel state. It has become.
- the resistance reading means 5 detects the current threshold corresponding to the transition by reading the resistance value corresponding to the transition between the parallel state and the antiparallel state.
- a state where the magnetization direction of the free layer 14 of the spin valve structure is parallel to the direction of the pinned layer 12 and an antiparallel state correspond to the logical values “0” and “1”, respectively.
- the magnetic field of the non-contact current sensor 1 can be detected as a digital operation.
- Such a principle of digital operation makes it possible to sense current that is resistant to environmental noise.
- the magnetic field can be detected with high accuracy by quantization corresponding to the number of the TMR elements 2, the current value of the electric means 4, or the current pulse (or a combination thereof). That is, the non-contact current sensor 1 can detect current with high accuracy.
- the response speed of the TMR element 2 itself shown above is as high as ns or less.
- the measurement band is wide from DC to the magnetic resonance frequency (typically several GHz to several tens GHz).
- the TMR element 2 using MgO as the tunnel insulating film 13 is used, an excellent effect that a high output (up to 200%) can be obtained is obtained.
- the present invention is not limited to the materials, compositions, element sizes, spin valve structure forming methods, and the like of the above-described embodiments.
- Non-contact current sensor 2
- TMR element 3
- Electrical pulse source 4
- Electrical means 5
- Resistance reading means 10
- Substrate 11
- Lower electrode 12
- Pin layer 13
- Tunnel insulating film 14
- Free layer 15
- Interlayer insulating film 16
- Upper electrode 20
- Current to be detected A Current induction Magnetic field
- B Direction of magnetization of pinned layer
- C Direction of magnetization of free layer
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Hall/Mr Elements (AREA)
- Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
- Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
例えば、磁気ヘッドにおいては、強磁性膜(ハードバイアス膜と呼ばれる)が隣接して配置されている。つまり、このような配置により一定のバイアス磁場がかかり、フリー層の磁化の向きがピン層の磁化の向きに対して予め傾いた状態となる。このような予め傾いた状態を基準とすることにより上述したアナログ動作が実現されている。また、デバイスの感度は、フリー層の保磁力で決まるため、これらGMR素子及びTMR素子においては、検知対象とする磁場よりもフリー層の保磁力が小さくなるように材料あるいは構造が設計されている。
そして、前記フリー層の保磁力が、検知対象とする前記電流誘起磁場よりも大きくなるように構成されている。また、前記電気的手段が、前記スピンバルブ構造に電流を印加することによって、前記ピン層と前記フリー層の磁化の向きを相互に平行な状態と相互に反平行な状態との間で遷移させるようになっており、前記抵抗読出手段が、前記平行な状態と前記反平行な状態との間の遷移に対応する抵抗値を読出すことにより前記遷移に対応する電流の閾値もしくは電流誘起磁場を検知するようになっている。
図1に示すように、非接触電流センサ1は、スピンバルブ構造からなるTMR素子2と、TMR素子2に接続された電気パルス源3とを備えている。
この電流注入磁化反転とは、電流の極性によりピン層12の磁化の向きB及びフリー層14の磁化の向きCを平行な状態から反平行な状態へ、あるいは反平行な状態から平行な状態へと反転(遷移)させる方法である。
ピン層12とフリー層14の磁化の向きを平行にするには、電気的手段4は、フリー層14側から電流を流す。そうすると、スピン偏極した電子が、ピン層12からトンネル絶縁膜13を介してフリー層14に注入される。フリー層14にスピン偏極した電子が注入されると、フリー層14の磁化は、ピン層12の磁化方向と同じ向きのトルクを受ける。これにより、フリー層14の磁化の向きCがピン層12の磁化の向きBと平行な状態に遷移する。なお、この状態を論理値“0”とする。
ピン層12とフリー層14の磁化の向きが平行な状態において、電気的手段4は、ピン層12側から電流を流す。そうすると、スピン偏極した電子が、フリー層14からトンネル絶縁膜13を介してピン層12に注入される。このとき、ピン層12と平行なスピンを有する電子のみがピン層12に注入され、ピン層12と平行でないスピンを有する電子は反射されてフリー層14に蓄積されることになる。これにより、フリー層14の磁化の向きCがピン層12の磁化の向きBと反平行な状態に遷移する。なお、この状態を論理値“1”とする。
また、サイズ(D)を変えることで保磁力が1/Dに比例して大きくなるという現象を利用することもできる。例えば、本実施形態で示す~100nmのサイズにおいては、素子サイズを100nmから50nmにすることで保磁力を2倍にすることができる。さらに素子サイズが一定の場合には、材料によりその依存性は異なるが膜厚によって保磁力を変えることも可能である。一方、保磁力の異なる磁性材料を用いることも勿論可能である。さらに、CoFeやCoFeB、NiFeなどの軟磁性材料にPtやTa、Nb等の非磁性材料を添加することで数Oe~100Oeの範囲で保磁力を増加させることも可能である。また、フェリ磁性材料であるTbFeCoやCo/Ni多層膜などの垂直磁化膜を使用することも勿論可能である。
ここで、磁場の検知時にTMR素子2に印加する電流をIとする(すなわち、電流値は一定である)。図3は、電流IにおけるN個の電流密度J1~JNとN個の磁場の大きさH1~HNとの関係を示している。
図3中の点線で示されているように、電流密度と磁場の範囲(下限)が1対1に対応している。この図3の直線関係は、電流誘起磁場が存在する状況下における電流密度の閾値をシミュレーションにより求めた結果である。
Const=I2R+MH (式1)
ここで、Iは、TMR素子2に印加された電流であり、Rは、TMR素子2で測定された抵抗値である。また、Mは、フリー層14の磁化を表し、Hは、検知対象の磁場を表す。
ここで、測定精度に合わせて量子化サンプリング数を増加させればさせるほど、電流誘起磁場を高精度に検知することができる。また、抵抗読出手段5の抵抗値の読出しにおいてもパルスを用いれば、そのパルスの周期にあわせてロックイン検知することによりS/Nを向上させることができる。これにより、更に高精度で磁場を検知することが可能となる。
図5に示すように、電気的手段4は、電流を印加するごとにパルス高さを変化させるようになっている。つまり、電気的手段4は、電流を印加するごとに、パルス高さをLw1,Lw2,・・・LwNと変化させている。
したがって、本実施形態によれば、1つのスピンバルブ構造のみでN個の量子化サンプリングを行うことができる。また、ここで、電気的手段4は、電流を印加する際、パルス高さを低い値から開始して高い値へ変化させていくように構成されると更に好適である。この構成により、フリー層14の磁化の向きを初期化するプロセスを省略することができるためである。
図6(b)に示すように、電気的手段4は、電流を印加するごとにパルス幅を変化させるようになっている。つまり、電気的手段4は、電流を印加するごとに、パルス幅をτ1,τ2,・・・τNと変化させている。
JC=JC0{1-(kBT/E)ln(τp/τ0)} (式2)
ここで、JCは、フリー層14の磁化の向きの遷移に必要な電流密度の閾値であり、τpは、その電流におけるパルス幅である。また、kBはボルツマン定数、Tは温度、Eはポテンシャルエネルギーを表す。
この式2から、電流密度の閾値JCは、パルス幅τpの対数に反比例するという関係にある。言い換えれば、電流のパルス幅が短いほど、フリー層14の磁化の向きの遷移に必要な電流密度は増加するということである。したがって、電流誘起磁場を検知する際に印加する電流のパルス幅τを短くすることは、電流密度の閾値JCを変えることに相当する。
本実施形態では、図3に示す電流密度の変化(量子化サンプリング数N)をN個の電流のパルス幅に対応させることにより、量子化サンプリングを行っている。したがって、本実施形態によれば、1つのスピンバルブ構造のみでN個の量子化サンプリングを行うことができる。
このような構成によれば、スピンバルブ構造のフリー層14の磁化の向きがピン層12の向きに対して平行な状態と反平行な状態とをそれぞれ論理値“0”、“1”に対応させることにより、非接触電流センサ1の磁場の検知をディジタル動作として行うことができる。このようなディジタル動作の原理により、環境ノイズに強い電流のセンシングが可能となる。しかも、TMR素子2の素子数、電気的手段4の電流値あるいは電流パルス(またはこれらの組み合わせ)に対応した量子化により、高精度な磁場の検知が可能となる。すなわち、非接触電流センサ1における高精度な電流の検知が可能となる。
2 TMR素子
3 電気パルス源
4 電気的手段
5 抵抗読出手段
10 基板
11 下部電極
12 ピン層
13 トンネル絶縁膜
14 フリー層
15 層間絶縁膜
16 上部電極
20 検知対象の電流
A 電流誘起磁場
B ピン層の磁化の向き
C フリー層の磁化の向き
Claims (4)
- フリー層と、ピン層と、前記フリー層と前記ピン層との間に配置された非磁性層とを備えるスピンバルブ構造と、
電流誘起磁場を検知する際に前記スピンバルブ構造に電流を印加する電気的手段と、
電流誘起磁場を検知する際に前記スピンバルブ構造の抵抗値を電気的に読出す抵抗読出手段とを備え、
前記フリー層の保磁力が、検知対象とする前記電流誘起磁場よりも大きくなるように構成され、
前記電気的手段が、前記スピンバルブ構造に電流を印加することによって、前記ピン層と前記フリー層の磁化の向きを相互に平行な状態と相互に反平行な状態との間で遷移させるようになっており、
前記抵抗読出手段が、前記平行な状態と前記反平行な状態との間の遷移に対応する抵抗値を読出すことにより前記遷移に対応する電流の閾値もしくは電流誘起磁場を検知するようになっていることを特徴とする非接触電流センサ。 - 面積の異なる前記スピンバルブ構造が複数設けられ、前記複数のスピンバルブ構造が直列に接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非接触電流センサ。
- 前記電気的手段が、電流を印加するごとにパルス高さを変化させるようになっていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非接触電流センサ。
- 前記電気的手段が、電流を印加するごとにパルス幅を変化させるようになっていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非接触電流センサ。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10804161.7A EP2461168A4 (en) | 2009-07-27 | 2010-04-12 | Non-contact current sensor |
US13/387,318 US9041388B2 (en) | 2009-07-27 | 2010-04-12 | Non-contact current sensor |
KR1020167003327A KR101687939B1 (ko) | 2009-07-27 | 2010-04-12 | 비접촉 전류 센서 |
JP2011524684A JP5403056B2 (ja) | 2009-07-27 | 2010-04-12 | 非接触電流センサ |
US14/711,583 US9939466B2 (en) | 2009-07-27 | 2015-05-13 | Non-contact current sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009174458 | 2009-07-27 | ||
JP2009-174458 | 2009-07-27 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/387,318 A-371-Of-International US9041388B2 (en) | 2009-07-27 | 2010-04-12 | Non-contact current sensor |
US14/711,583 Continuation US9939466B2 (en) | 2009-07-27 | 2015-05-13 | Non-contact current sensor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011013412A1 true WO2011013412A1 (ja) | 2011-02-03 |
Family
ID=43529079
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2010/056508 WO2011013412A1 (ja) | 2009-07-27 | 2010-04-12 | 非接触電流センサ |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US9041388B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2461168A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5403056B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR101594383B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011013412A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013104774A (ja) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-30 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 電流センサ |
US20130214776A1 (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2013-08-22 | Honeywell Internatinonal Inc. | Tunneling magneto-resistive device with set/reset and offset straps |
JP2014006126A (ja) * | 2012-06-22 | 2014-01-16 | Asahi Kasei Electronics Co Ltd | 磁気センサ |
WO2014077431A1 (ko) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-05-22 | 한국기초과학지원연구원 | 스핀토크형 자기센서 |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9739808B2 (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2017-08-22 | Honeywell International Inc. | Devices, methods, and systems for sensing current |
TWI499791B (zh) | 2013-12-20 | 2015-09-11 | Ind Tech Res Inst | 應用於雙線電源線電流量測之非接觸式電流感測器安裝位置變動補償裝置 |
JP7293147B2 (ja) * | 2019-04-02 | 2023-06-19 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁気センサ、センサモジュール及び診断装置 |
KR102516073B1 (ko) | 2021-06-04 | 2023-03-31 | 주식회사 남전사 | 비접촉 전류 계측 ic 및 고정 지지대를 이용한 스마트 미터 |
JP2023121249A (ja) * | 2022-02-21 | 2023-08-31 | 株式会社東芝 | センサ及び検査装置 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001516459A (ja) * | 1998-01-14 | 2001-09-25 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | 改良された電流感知装置を持つ遮断器 |
JP2006208295A (ja) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-10 | Canon Inc | 磁性体センサとこれを用いた検出方法、標的物質検出センサおよび標的物質検出キット |
JP2006269885A (ja) * | 2005-03-25 | 2006-10-05 | Sony Corp | スピン注入型磁気抵抗効果素子 |
Family Cites Families (40)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2940640B2 (ja) * | 1994-11-21 | 1999-08-25 | インターナシヨナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーシヨン | 磁気抵抗センサ |
KR980011526A (ko) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-04-30 | 오상수 | 스핀 밸브형 자기저항소자 및 그 제조방법 |
KR19980011526U (ko) | 1996-08-20 | 1998-05-25 | 김광호 | 전자제품의 콘트롤부 도어 개폐장치 |
JP3886589B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-07 | 2007-02-28 | アルプス電気株式会社 | 巨大磁気抵抗効果素子センサ |
JPH1166519A (ja) * | 1997-08-20 | 1999-03-09 | Hitachi Ltd | 磁気抵抗効果型薄膜磁気ヘッド |
JP2924875B2 (ja) * | 1997-10-17 | 1999-07-26 | 日本電気株式会社 | 磁気抵抗効果ヘッド |
TW434411B (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2001-05-16 | Tdk Corp | Magnetic sensor apparatus, current sensor apparatus and magnetic sensing element |
JP4543350B2 (ja) * | 1999-12-03 | 2010-09-15 | 日立金属株式会社 | 回転角度センサー及び回転角度センサーユニット |
US6754054B2 (en) * | 2000-01-10 | 2004-06-22 | Seagate Technology Llc | Spin valve read element using a permanent magnet to form a pinned layer |
JP2002318250A (ja) * | 2001-02-16 | 2002-10-31 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 電流検出装置およびこれを用いた過負荷電流保安装置 |
US7088561B2 (en) * | 2001-06-26 | 2006-08-08 | Hitachi Gloabl Storage Technolgies Netherlands B.V. | Method of making a tunnel valve sensor with improved free layer sensitivity |
KR100829557B1 (ko) * | 2002-06-22 | 2008-05-14 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 열자기 자발 홀 효과를 이용한 자기 램 및 이를 이용한데이터 기록 및 재생방법 |
US6894878B1 (en) * | 2002-07-10 | 2005-05-17 | Maxtor Corporation | Differential GMR head using anti-parallel pinned layers |
US6829161B2 (en) * | 2003-01-10 | 2004-12-07 | Grandis, Inc. | Magnetostatically coupled magnetic elements utilizing spin transfer and an MRAM device using the magnetic element |
US20050063106A1 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-03-24 | Satoshi Hibino | Magnetic sensor and manufacturing method therefor |
US7116530B2 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2006-10-03 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V. | Thin differential spin valve sensor having both pinned and self pinned structures for reduced difficulty in AFM layer polarity setting |
US7602000B2 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2009-10-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Spin-current switched magnetic memory element suitable for circuit integration and method of fabricating the memory element |
US7619431B2 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2009-11-17 | Nxp B.V. | High sensitivity magnetic built-in current sensor |
EP1720027B1 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2010-11-17 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Magnetic field detector and current detection device, position detection device and rotation detection device using the magnetic field detector |
JP2005315678A (ja) * | 2004-04-28 | 2005-11-10 | Canon Inc | 検出方法、検出デバイス及び検出用キット |
JP2006253451A (ja) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-21 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | 磁気検出素子 |
JP2006261454A (ja) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-28 | Fujitsu Ltd | 磁気抵抗効果素子、磁気ヘッド、および磁気記憶装置 |
US7583481B2 (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2009-09-01 | Headway Technologies, Inc. | FCC-like trilayer AP2 structure for CPP GMR EM improvement |
JP4415923B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-30 | 2010-02-17 | Tdk株式会社 | 電流センサ |
US7780820B2 (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2010-08-24 | Headway Technologies, Inc. | Low resistance tunneling magnetoresistive sensor with natural oxidized double MgO barrier |
JP2007180470A (ja) * | 2005-11-30 | 2007-07-12 | Fujitsu Ltd | 磁気抵抗効果素子、磁気ヘッド、磁気記憶装置、および磁気メモリ装置 |
JP4810275B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-30 | 2011-11-09 | アルプス電気株式会社 | 磁気スイッチ |
US7468664B2 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2008-12-23 | Nve Corporation | Enclosure tamper detection and protection |
JP2007305629A (ja) | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-22 | Fuji Electric Holdings Co Ltd | スピン注入型磁化反転素子 |
JP2008065410A (ja) | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-21 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 情報認証方法、情報認証装置、及び情報記録媒体 |
JP2008249556A (ja) | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-16 | Tdk Corp | 磁気センサ |
JP4877095B2 (ja) | 2007-06-25 | 2012-02-15 | Tdk株式会社 | 電流センサおよびその製造方法 |
JP5349840B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-25 | 2013-11-20 | キヤノン株式会社 | 磁気センサ素子及びそれを備える検出装置 |
JP4724871B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-12 | 2011-07-13 | キヤノンアネルバ株式会社 | 磁気抵抗素子を用いた増幅装置 |
US20090122450A1 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-05-14 | Headway Technologies, Inc. | TMR device with low magnetostriction free layer |
EP2224477B1 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2017-05-31 | III Holdings 3, LLC | Magnetic memory element, method for driving the magnetic memory element, and nonvolatile storage device |
WO2010029684A1 (ja) * | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-18 | 日立金属株式会社 | セルフピン型スピンバルブ磁気抵抗効果膜とそれを用いた磁気センサおよび回転角度検出装置 |
US8138561B2 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2012-03-20 | Magic Technologies, Inc. | Structure and method to fabricate high performance MTJ devices for spin-transfer torque (STT)-RAM |
US8289019B2 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2012-10-16 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Sensor |
JP4936030B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-10 | 2012-05-23 | Tdk株式会社 | 磁気センサ |
-
2010
- 2010-04-12 US US13/387,318 patent/US9041388B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-04-12 JP JP2011524684A patent/JP5403056B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-04-12 EP EP10804161.7A patent/EP2461168A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-04-12 WO PCT/JP2010/056508 patent/WO2011013412A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-04-12 KR KR1020127002155A patent/KR101594383B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-04-12 KR KR1020167003327A patent/KR101687939B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2015
- 2015-05-13 US US14/711,583 patent/US9939466B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001516459A (ja) * | 1998-01-14 | 2001-09-25 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | 改良された電流感知装置を持つ遮断器 |
JP2006208295A (ja) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-10 | Canon Inc | 磁性体センサとこれを用いた検出方法、標的物質検出センサおよび標的物質検出キット |
JP2006269885A (ja) * | 2005-03-25 | 2006-10-05 | Sony Corp | スピン注入型磁気抵抗効果素子 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2461168A4 * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013104774A (ja) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-30 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 電流センサ |
US20130214776A1 (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2013-08-22 | Honeywell Internatinonal Inc. | Tunneling magneto-resistive device with set/reset and offset straps |
US9417297B2 (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2016-08-16 | Honeywell International Inc. | Tunneling magneto-resistive device with set/reset and offset straps |
JP2014006126A (ja) * | 2012-06-22 | 2014-01-16 | Asahi Kasei Electronics Co Ltd | 磁気センサ |
WO2014077431A1 (ko) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-05-22 | 한국기초과학지원연구원 | 스핀토크형 자기센서 |
JP2015527565A (ja) * | 2012-11-16 | 2015-09-17 | 韓国基礎科学支援研究院Koreabasic Science Institute | スピントルク型磁気センサー |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2011013412A1 (ja) | 2013-01-07 |
KR101594383B1 (ko) | 2016-02-16 |
US20120187945A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
JP5403056B2 (ja) | 2014-01-29 |
US9939466B2 (en) | 2018-04-10 |
KR20120040221A (ko) | 2012-04-26 |
US20150247884A1 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
US9041388B2 (en) | 2015-05-26 |
EP2461168A1 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
KR20160022389A (ko) | 2016-02-29 |
KR101687939B1 (ko) | 2016-12-19 |
EP2461168A4 (en) | 2018-01-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5403056B2 (ja) | 非接触電流センサ | |
CN101932912B (zh) | 角度传感器、其制造方法及使用其的角度检测装置 | |
US6436526B1 (en) | Magneto-resistance effect element, magneto-resistance effect memory cell, MRAM and method for performing information write to or read from the magneto-resistance effect memory cell | |
US6872467B2 (en) | Magnetic field sensor with augmented magnetoresistive sensing layer | |
KR20050083957A (ko) | 스핀주입 소자 및 스핀주입 소자를 이용한 자기 장치 | |
TWI569484B (zh) | 具超晶格勢壘之磁穿隧接面及包含具超晶格勢壘磁穿隧接面之裝置 | |
US6721201B2 (en) | Magnetoresistive film and memory using the same | |
US8431255B2 (en) | Galvanomagnetic device and magnetic sensor | |
US8036024B2 (en) | Magnetic storage element storing data by magnetoresistive effect | |
US6504197B2 (en) | Magnetic memory element and magnetic memory using the same | |
JP2011013901A (ja) | 乱数発生装置 | |
US20080180857A1 (en) | Tunnel magnetoresistance effect film and magnetic device | |
CN100368820C (zh) | 自旋阀型数字式磁场传感器及其制作方法 | |
Anderson et al. | Ultra-low hysteresis and self-biasing in GMR sandwich sensor elements | |
US11922986B2 (en) | Magnetic heterojunction structure and method for controlling and achieving logic and multiple-state storage functions | |
KR102550681B1 (ko) | 자화 씨드층과 자화 자유층 접합 계면의 비대칭 구조를 이용하는 스핀 소자 | |
Wang et al. | Spin-dependent tunneling junctions with superparamagnetic sensing layers | |
CN115542206A (zh) | 集成传感器 | |
JPWO2008102786A1 (ja) | 磁気検出装置 | |
JPH11283830A (ja) | 磁気抵抗効果膜 | |
JP2003178917A (ja) | 磁気抵抗効果膜およびそれを用いたメモリ |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 10804161 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2011524684 Country of ref document: JP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20127002155 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2010804161 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13387318 Country of ref document: US |