Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
  • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
  • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
  • B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a catalytic process for the preparation of 3-triazolyl-sulfoxide derivatives in enantiomerically pure or in an enantiomerically enriched form.
• Enantiomerically pure chiral sulfoxides and corresponding derivatives are of great importance in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. Such compounds can be further processed to provide only the biologically active enantiomer of a drug or chemical pesticide. This not only precludes waste in the manufacturing process, but also avoids potentially harmful side effects that may arise from the undesired enantiomer (Nugent et al., Science 1993, 259, 479, Noyori et al., CHEMTECH 1992, 22, 360).
• a widely used method for the enantioselective oxidation of thioethers is the Kagan-modified method of known Sharpless epoxidation with chiral titanium complexes (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 8188-8193).
• the good enantioselectivity of the described titanium complexes is characterized by a low catalytic Accompanied by activity describes the required ratio between substrate and catalyst.
• Pasini et al. were able to oxidize phenylmethylsulf ⁇ d with small amounts of chiral oxotitan (IV) boat and hydrogen peroxide, but with poor enantiomeric excesses (ee values ⁇ 20%) (Gaz. Chim. Ital. 1986, 116, 35-40). Similar experiences are reported by Colona et al. with chiral titanium complexes of N-salicyl-Z-amino acids (Org., Bioorg., Chem., 1987, 71-71). Furthermore, very expensive work-ups result from titanium-catalyzed processes, which is very disadvantageous for an economic process on an industrial scale.
• the invention is therefore based on the object to provide such a catalytic process, which ensures in addition to the technical feasibility, cost-effectiveness, good yields and a variation of the enantiomeric ratio.
• X 1 and X 2 independently of one another represent fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydrogen, (Ci-Cn) AIlCyI, (Ci- Ci2) haloalkyl,
• Y 1 and Y 2 independently of one another are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydrogen, (Ci-Ci 2 ) AllCyI, (Q-Ci 2 ) haloalkyl,
• R 1 and R 2 independently of one another represent hydrogen, (C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, cyano, halogen, nitro,
• X 1 , X 2 , Y 1 and Y 2 independently of one another are preferably fluorine, chlorine, hydrogen, (C 1 -C 12 ) -alkyl, (C 1 -C 2 ) -haloalkyl,
• R 1 and R 2 independently of one another are preferably fluorine, chlorine, hydrogen, (C 1 -C 2 ) -alkyl, R 3 is preferably hydrogen, (C 1 -C 12 ) -alkyl, amino,
• X 1 and X 2, Y 1 and Y 2 independently of one another particularly preferably represents fluorine, chlorine, hydrogen, (C] -C] 2) haloalkyl,
• R 1 and R 2 independently of one another particularly preferably represent fluorine, hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 ) -alkyl, R 3 particularly preferably represents hydrogen, amino,
• X 1 and X 2 , Y 1 and Y 2 independently of one another very particularly preferably represent fluorine, hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 ) haloalkyl.
• R 1 and R 2 independently of one another very particularly preferably represent fluorine, methyl, R 3 very particularly preferably represents hydrogen.
• the chiral 3-triazolyl-sulfoxide derivatives of the formula (I) can be prepared under the conditions according to the invention with good yields in high purity, with which the Method according to the invention does not have the disadvantages described in connection with the prior art.
• halogens includes those elements selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, with fluorine, chlorine and bromine being preferred and fluorine and chlorine being particularly preferred preferably used.
• Optionally substituted groups may be monosubstituted or polysubstituted, with multiple substituents the substituents may be the same or different.
• Alkyl groups substituted by one or more halogen atoms are for example selected from trifluoromethyl (CF 3 ), difluoromethyl (CHF 2 ), CF 3 CH 2 , ClCH 2 , CF 3 CCl 2 .
• Alkyl groups are in the context of the present invention, unless otherwise defined, linear, branched or cyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups.
• Ci 2 alkyl encompasses the largest range defined herein for an alkyl group.
• this definition includes, for example, the meanings methyl, ethyl, n-, iso-propyl, n-, iso-, sec- and t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3- Dimethylbutyl, n-heptyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl.
• Aryl groups in the context of the present invention are, unless otherwise defined, aromatic hydrocarbon groups which may have one, two or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, P and S.
• this definition includes, for example, the meanings cyclopentadienyl, phenyl, cycloheptatrienyl, cyclooctatetraenyl, naphthyl and anthracenyl; 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3
• Triazol-1-yl 1-imidazolyl, 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 1,3,4-triazol-1-yl; 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, 2-
• Alkylaryl groups are in the context of the present invention, unless otherwise defined, substituted by alkyl groups aryl groups having an alkylene chain and in the aryl skeleton one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, P and S. can.
• the oxidizing agents which can be used for this reaction are not subject to any special provisions. Oxidizing agents capable of oxidizing corresponding sulfur compounds into sulfoxide compounds may be used.
• Oxidizing agents capable of oxidizing corresponding sulfur compounds into sulfoxide compounds may be used.
• Oxidizing agents capable of oxidizing corresponding sulfur compounds into sulfoxide compounds may be used.
• Oxidizing agents capable of oxidizing corresponding sulfur compounds into sulfoxide compounds may be used.
• As oxidizing agents for the preparation of the sulfoxides are, for example, inorganic peroxides such.
• hydrogen peroxide or organic peroxides such as alkyl hydroperoxides and arylalkyl hydroperoxid
• the chiral metal-ligand complex is prepared from a chiral ligand and a transition metal compound.
• Transition metal derivatives are preferably vanadium, molybdenum, zirconium, iron, manganese and titanium derivatives, most preferably vanadium derivatives. These derivatives can be used, for example, in the form of transition metal (IV) halides, transition metal (IV) alkoxides or transition metal (IV) acetylacetonates.
• the chiral ligand is a chiral compound capable of, for example, reacting with the vanadium derivatives. Such compounds are preferably selected from chiral alcohols. Preferred chiral ligands also include Schiff bases of formula (III) and (IV):
• Alkyl R 4 and R 5 independently represent hydrogen, (C r C6) alkyl, (C r C6) alkylphenyl, phenyl, halogen, cyano, nitro, cyano (C r C6), hydroxy (C r C 6) alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 ) alkoxycarbonyl (C r C 6 ) alkyl, (C r C 6 ) alkoxy (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl,
• R 7 is hydrogen, (C, -C 6 ) alkyl, (C r C 6 ) alkylphenyl, aryl, aryl (QC 6 ) alkyl, preferably tert-butyl, benzyl, phenyl and chiral carbon atoms are marked with * where in formula (FV) R 8 is hydrogen, (C r C 6 ) alkyl, (C r C 6 ) alkylphenyl, phenyl, halogen, cyano, nitro, cyano (C r C 6 ) alkyl, hydroxy (C r C 6) alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 stand) alkoxycarbonyl (C r C6) alkyl, (CrC 6) alkoxy (CrC 6) alkyl,
• R 9 and R 10 are hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 ) AllCyI, phenyl, where R 9 and R 10 can form a bridge and chiral carbon atoms are marked with *.
• chiral metal-ligand complex in comparison with the sulfide is in the range from 0.001 to 10 mol%, preferably from 0.1 to 5 mol%, very particularly preferably from 1 to 4 mol%. A higher use of chiral metal-ligand complex is possible, but not economically viable.
• the chiral transition metal complex is generated by reacting a transition metal derivative and a chiral complexing ligand separately or in the presence of the sulfide.
• the reaction of the sulfide of the formula (II) to the compound of the formula (I) can be carried out in the presence of a solvent.
• Suitable solvents include in particular: THF, dioxane, diethyl ether, diglyme, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), dimethyl ether (DME), 2-methyl-THF, acetonitrile, butyronitrile, toluene , xylenes, mesitylene, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, N; N-dimethylacetamide, N 9 N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, in particular chlorine coals hydrogens such as tetrachlorethylene, tetrachloroethane, dichloropropane, methylene chloride, dichlorobutane, chloroform, carbon
• the enantiomeric ratio can be controlled not only by the catalyst system but also by the solvent.
• Other influencing factors for the enantiomeric ratio include, in addition to the oxidizing agent, the temperature.
• Suitable methods for determining the enantiomeric excess are known to the person skilled in the art.
• HPLC on chiral stationary phases and NMR studies with chiral shift reagents can be mentioned.
• the reaction is generally carried out at a temperature between -80 0 C and 200 0 C, preferably between 0 0 C and 140 0 C, most preferably between 10 0 C and 60 0 C, and at a pressure up to 100 bar, preferably at a pressure between atmospheric pressure and 40 bar, performed.
• the ligands are prepared by known methods (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2005, 347, 1933-1936).
• Products obtained by the process according to the invention have an enantiomeric ratio of from 50.5: 49.5 to 99.5: 0.5, preferably from 60:40 to 95: 5, particularly preferably from 75:25 to 90:10 (+): (-) - enantiomer or (-): (+) - enantiomer, most preferably (+): (-) - enantiomer.
• those enantiomer ratios are preferred according to the invention in the specified ranges, which have an excess of the (+) - enantiomer.
• the enantiomeric excess can be between 0% ee and 99% ee.
• the enantiomeric excess is an indirect measure of the enantiomeric purity of a compound and indicates the proportion of a pure enantiomer in a mixture, the remainder of which is the racemate of the compound. If necessary, the enantiomeric excess can be increased considerably by subsequent crystallization with or without solvent. Such processes are known to those skilled in the art and, in particular, include the preferred crystallization from an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvent with water.
• Example 1 Synthesis of (+) - 1- ⁇ 2,4-dimethyl-5 - [(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) sulfinyl] phenyl ⁇ -3- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-1,2,4-triazole
• the enantiomeric ratio was improved, for example by crystallization from CHCl 3 , to 3.39: 96.61.
• Example 3 1- ⁇ 5 - [(2-Difluoroethyl) sulfinyl] -2,4-dimethylphenyl ⁇ -3- (difluoromethyl) -1H-1,4-triazole Analogously to Example 1, it was obtained from 1- ⁇ 5- [(2,2-Difluoroethyl) sulfanyl] -2,4-dimethylphenyl ⁇ -3- (difluoromethyl) -1 H -1, 2,4-triazole

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