WO2010150469A1 - Réfrigérateur pour le transport - Google Patents

Réfrigérateur pour le transport Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010150469A1
WO2010150469A1 PCT/JP2010/003788 JP2010003788W WO2010150469A1 WO 2010150469 A1 WO2010150469 A1 WO 2010150469A1 JP 2010003788 W JP2010003788 W JP 2010003788W WO 2010150469 A1 WO2010150469 A1 WO 2010150469A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
heating
heater
air
trailer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2010/003788
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
池宮完
Original Assignee
ダイキン工業株式会社
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ダイキン工業株式会社 filed Critical ダイキン工業株式会社
Publication of WO2010150469A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010150469A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
    • F25D21/06—Removing frost
    • F25D21/08—Removing frost by electric heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F25D11/003—Transport containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D13/00—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2321/00—Details or arrangements for defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2321/14—Collecting condense or defrost water; Removing condense or defrost water
    • F25D2321/141—Removal by evaporation
    • F25D2321/1411—Removal by evaporation using compressor heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2321/00—Details or arrangements for defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2321/14—Collecting condense or defrost water; Removing condense or defrost water
    • F25D2321/141—Removal by evaporation
    • F25D2321/1413—Removal by evaporation using heat from electric elements or using an electric field for enhancing removal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a transport refrigeration apparatus, and particularly relates to a transport refrigeration apparatus provided with a heating device.
  • This transport container is provided with a container refrigeration apparatus as disclosed in Patent Document 1.
  • the container refrigeration apparatus is provided with a refrigerant circuit, and the internal air is cooled by an evaporator of the refrigerant circuit.
  • the container refrigeration apparatus includes an electric heater that is used when heating the internal air or when heating the frost formed around the evaporator by cooling the moisture contained in the internal air. Is provided.
  • the temperature of the electric heater is raised to about 300 ° C. to 500 ° C. in the heating operation and defrosting operation of the internal air. Since the total usage time of the electric heater increases in such a temperature state, it is necessary to frequently replace the electric heater which is a consumable item. As a result, there has been a problem that the maintenance cost of the container refrigeration apparatus increases. Further, when an expensive electric heater having a long service life is used, there is a problem that the manufacturing cost of the container refrigeration apparatus increases.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such points, and an object of the present invention is to extend the electric heater while suppressing the cost of the electric heater itself in the container refrigeration apparatus.
  • the heating device (29) heats the ice adhering to the cooling device (21) at the first heating temperature and heats the internal air at the second heating temperature.
  • the 1st invention is equipped with the cooling device (21) which cools the air in a warehouse, and the heating device (29) which heats and melts the ice adhering to this cooling device (21), and heats the air in a warehouse
  • the transport refrigeration apparatus wherein the heating device (29) includes a first heating temperature for heating and melting the ice attached to the cooling device (21), and a second heating temperature for heating the internal air.
  • a temperature controller (70) for switching between a first heating temperature and a second heating temperature of the heater (60).
  • the cooling device (21) cools the internal air. Then, when ice (frost) adheres to the cooling device (21) by cooling the moisture contained in the internal air, the temperature controller (70) sets the temperature of the heater (60) to the first heating temperature. Adjust. The heater (60) heats and melts the ice of the cooling device (21) at the first heating temperature.
  • the temperature controller (70) adjusts the temperature of the heater (60) to the second heating temperature.
  • the heater (60) heats the internal air at the second heating temperature.
  • the heated interior air is supplied into the interior.
  • the temperature controller (70) is configured so that the first heating temperature of the heater (60) is lower than the second heating temperature.
  • the temperature controller (70) adjusts the first heating temperature of the heater (60) to a temperature lower than the second heating temperature. That is, the heater (60) melts the ice (frost) adhering to the cooling device (21) by heating it at a temperature lower than the second heating temperature.
  • the heater (60) includes an infrared generator (61) that generates infrared rays having a predetermined wavelength
  • the temperature controller (70) includes: It is configured to adjust the peak of the wavelength of infrared rays generated from the infrared generator (61) having a heating temperature of 1 to 3 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the temperature controller (70) adjusts the peak of the wavelength of infrared rays generated from the infrared generator (61) at the first heating temperature between 3 ⁇ m and 15 ⁇ m.
  • the infrared generator (61) melts ice (frost) adhering to the cooling device (21) by heating with infrared rays having a wavelength peak between 3 ⁇ m and 15 ⁇ m.
  • the temperature controller (70) sets the first heating temperature to a temperature at which the ice attached to the cooling device (21) melts and does not evaporate. Configured to adjust.
  • the temperature controller (70) adjusts the first heating temperature of the heater (60) to a temperature at which ice (frost) adhering to the cooling device (21) melts and does not evaporate. To do.
  • the heater (60) heats ice (frost) adhering to the cooling device (21) to melt the ice and prevent evaporation.
  • the cooling device (21) includes a compressor (82), a radiator (83), an expansion mechanism (84), and a heat absorber (85) in this order.
  • the refrigerant circuit (81) configured to be connected is attached to the heat absorber (85) by introducing the discharge gas refrigerant of the compressor (82) of the refrigerant circuit (81) into the heat absorber (85).
  • a defrosting operation for heating and melting ice is performed, and the temperature controller (70) is configured to bring the heater (60) to a first heating temperature during the defrosting operation. Yes.
  • the refrigeration cycle is performed in the refrigerant circuit (81).
  • the discharged gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor (82) circulates in the order of the radiator (83), the expansion mechanism, and the heat absorber (85) and returns to the compressor (82).
  • the refrigerant radiates heat to the heat exchange target fluid (for example, air) by the radiator (83), expands and depressurizes by the expansion mechanism (84), and absorbs heat from the heat exchange target fluid by the heat absorber (85).
  • the discharged gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor (82) flows into the heat absorber (85).
  • the discharged gas refrigerant dissipates heat to the ice (frost) attached to the heat absorber (85), and the ice (frost) is melted.
  • the temperature controller (70) brings the heater (60) to the first heating temperature.
  • the heater (60) melts the ice (frost) adhering to the heat absorber (85) at the first heating temperature.
  • the heating temperature is appropriately set according to the object to be heated. Can do. That is, the temperature of the heater (60) can be set to a different temperature depending on whether the heating target is air or ice (frost). Thereby, since the temperature of a heater (60) can be restrained low, the use time of a heater (60) can be lengthened. As a result, the maintenance cost of the container refrigeration apparatus can be reduced without increasing the cost of the electric heater itself.
  • the temperature for heating ice (frost) can be lowered.
  • the time which uses a heater (60) can be lengthened.
  • the maintenance cost of the container refrigeration apparatus can be reduced without increasing the cost of the electric heater itself.
  • the infrared ray having the wavelength is cooled by the cooling device (21). It can be heated by being absorbed in ice adhering to. That is, the ice can be heated by infrared rays having a wavelength that is highly absorbed by the ice, and at the same time, the heating temperature of the ice can be lowered. Thereby, the ice adhering to the cooling device (21) can be quickly melted, and the use time of the heater (60) can be lengthened.
  • the first heating temperature of the heater (60) is adjusted to a temperature at which the ice adhering to the cooling device (21) melts and does not evaporate. Evaporation with the heat of (60) can be prevented.
  • the defrosting is performed. Can be shortened.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing a refrigerated vehicle according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the heating mechanism and refrigerant circuit which concern on Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows the state which the refrigeration apparatus for trailers which concerns on Embodiment 1 decomposed
  • FIG. shows the external casing which concerns on Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the refrigeration apparatus for trailers in the state attached to the trailer which concerns on Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 5.
  • It is a perspective view which shows how the air inside the refrigeration apparatus for trailers of the state attached to the trailer which concerns on Embodiment 1 flows.
  • 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a heating mechanism according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the heating mechanism and refrigerant circuit which concern on Embodiment 2.
  • the trailer refrigeration apparatus (20) of the first embodiment is mounted on a refrigeration vehicle (10) for transporting frozen food, fresh food, and the like on land.
  • the refrigeration vehicle (10) includes a trailer (11) that stores cargo such as frozen food, and a tractor (12) that pulls the trailer (11).
  • the trailer (11) has a rectangular parallelepiped shape that is vertically long in the front-rear direction and is formed in a box shape with the front end open.
  • An interior space (13) is formed inside the trailer (11), and frozen food, fresh food, and the like are stored in the interior space (13).
  • a rectangular frame-shaped opening (14) is formed at the front end of the trailer (11).
  • a plurality of screwing portions (15, 15,...) For attaching the trailer refrigeration apparatus (20) are formed on the front end surface of the opening portion (14).
  • the plurality of screwing portions (15, 15,...) Are arranged at regular intervals, for example, at 8 locations on each of the four sides of the opening portion (14).
  • the door (11a) which can be opened and closed is provided in the rear end side (rear part side) of the trailer (11).
  • the trailer refrigeration apparatus (20) is for cooling or heating the air in the internal space (13) of the refrigeration vehicle (10), and constitutes the transport refrigeration apparatus according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the trailer refrigeration apparatus (20) includes a refrigerant circuit (21) filled with a refrigerant and a heating mechanism (29).
  • a compressor (22), a condenser (23), an electric expansion valve (24), and an evaporator (25) are connected in order to constitute a cooling device according to the present invention.
  • a refrigerant is circulated to perform a vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
  • An outside fan (26) is provided in the vicinity of the condenser (23).
  • An internal fan (27) is provided in the vicinity of the evaporator (25). In the evaporator (25), the internal air conveyed by the internal fan (27) and the refrigerant exchange heat.
  • the evaporator (25) cools the air in the interior space (13) of the trailer (11).
  • the trailer refrigeration apparatus (20) has a casing unit (31) attached to the open part (14) of the trailer (11).
  • the casing unit (31) includes a front cover (32), an external casing (50), and an internal casing (33).
  • the front cover (32) is configured to be detachable from the front surface of the external casing (50).
  • the front cover (32) is configured by an arcuate plate-like member in which an intermediate portion in the width direction (left-right direction in FIG. 3) bulges forward.
  • the side part (32a, 32a) of the width direction both ends is hold
  • the front cover (32) has one central inlet (32b) and two side inlets (32c, 32c).
  • the central introduction port (32b) is formed in the approximate center of the front cover (32).
  • the side introduction ports (32c, 32c) are formed on the lower side of the front cover (32) and on the left and right ends, respectively.
  • the outside casing (50) is provided outside the trailer (11).
  • the outside casing (50) is made of an aluminum material.
  • the outside casing (50) has a square plate-like base part (51) and a bulging part (52) formed in an upper part of the base part (51) (FIGS. 3, 4, and 4). (See FIG. 6).
  • the base part (51) is configured by connecting three divided bodies (51a, 51b, 51c) in the vertical direction. That is, the base part (51) is located between the lower base part (51a) near the lower part, the upper base part (51b) near the upper part, and the lower base part (51a) and the upper base part (51b). It is comprised by the intermediate base part (51c) located.
  • a plurality of bolt holes (53a, 53a,%) Through which the bolts (16) are inserted are formed in the outer edge portion (53) of the base portion (51).
  • the plurality of bolt holes (53a, 53a,...) are arranged at equal intervals, for example, at eight locations on each of the four sides of the outer edge portion (53) of the base portion (51).
  • the outer casing (50) is a bolt (16) that penetrates the bolt hole (53a) with the outer edge (53) of the base part (51) and the open part (14) of the trailer (11) in close contact with each other. Is fixed to the trailer (11) by fastening it to the screwing portion (15).
  • the outside casing (50) functions as a closing member for the opening (14) of the trailer (11).
  • the open part (14) of the trailer (11) is reinforced by the outer edge part (53) of the outer casing (50). That is, the outside casing (50) also functions as a reinforcing member for the open portion (14) of the trailer (11).
  • the bulging part (52) is made of an aluminum material integrated with the base part (51), and bulges forward from the base part (51).
  • the bulging portion (52) is formed in a box shape having a rectangular parallelepiped shape that is flat in the front-rear direction and opened on the rear surface side (see FIG. 6). Note that the bulging portion (52) may be made of, for example, a resin material and integrally connected to the base portion (51).
  • the outer casing (50) includes a lower plate (54) and an upper plate (55).
  • the lower plate (54) is provided near the lower end of the base portion (51), and the upper plate (55) is an intermediate portion in the vertical direction of the base portion (51) (the lower plate (54) and the bulging portion ( 52).
  • Each plate (54, 55) has an arcuate plate-like support plate portion (54a, 55a).
  • the support plate portions (54a, 55a) are formed in a circular arc shape on the front side and in a straight line shape along the front surface of the base portion (51) on the rear side.
  • Each plate (54, 55) has a bent portion (54b, 55b) bent upward from the rear end of the support plate portion (54a, 55a).
  • the bent portions (54b, 55b) are formed in a plate shape extending in the left-right direction.
  • Each plate (54, 55) is fixed to the base part (51) by the bent parts (54b, 55b) being fastened to the base part (51) by rivets.
  • the support plate portion (55a) of the upper plate (55) is provided with a communication port (55c) at an intermediate portion in the left-right direction.
  • the first machine room (35) is partitioned between the lower plate (54) and the upper plate (55).
  • a second machine room (36) is defined above the upper plate (55).
  • the first machine chamber (35) and the second machine chamber (36) communicate with each other via the communication port (55c) of the upper plate (55).
  • the first machine room (35) communicates with the two side introduction ports (32c, 32c) described above, and the second machine room (36) communicates with the center introduction port (32b) described above. .
  • the outer casing (50) includes two lower pillars (56) and two upper pillars (57).
  • the lower column portion (56) is interposed between the lower plate (54) and the upper plate (55).
  • the upper column part (57) is interposed between the upper plate (55) and the bulging part (52).
  • Each column portion (56, 57) is made of an aluminum material and is formed in a prismatic shape extending vertically.
  • a generator (40), an engine (41), a battery (42), and a plurality of electrical component boxes (43, 44) are provided in the first machine room (35) described above. Yes. Specifically, in the first machine room (35), a generator (40) and an engine (41) are installed at an intermediate position in the left-right direction of the lower plate (54). The engine (41) drives the generator (40), and the generator (40) generates electric power for driving the above-described compressor (22) and the like. In the first machine room (35), the first electrical component box (43) is provided in the left space of the generator (40), and the second electrical component box (in the right space of the engine (41) ( 44) is provided.
  • the second machine room (36) is provided with two compressors (22), a condenser (23), a radiator (45), two external fans (26), and a third electrical component box (46). ing. Specifically, in the second machine room (36), two compressors (22) are installed at an intermediate position in the left-right direction of the upper plate (55). In addition, a radiator (45) and a condenser (23) are disposed in front of the compressor (22). The condenser (23) is disposed so as to straddle the two upper pillars (57). A central inlet (32b) of the front cover (32) is located in front of the condenser (23). The radiator (45) is disposed on the rear side of the condenser (23), and constitutes an air-cooled radiator for radiating heat from the engine (41).
  • the two outside fans (26, 26) are arranged near the left and right ends of the upper plate (55) so as to sandwich the two compressors (22).
  • the outside-compartment fan (26) is a so-called propeller fan, and its rotating shaft extends to the left and right.
  • a propeller is connected to the end near the compressor (22) and a motor is connected to the opposite end of the rotating shaft of the external fan (26).
  • a third electrical component box (46) is provided in the space on the upper right side.
  • the internal casing (33) is provided on the back side of the external casing (50) so as to face the internal space (13) of the trailer (11).
  • the internal casing (33) is made of, for example, an FRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic) material.
  • the internal casing (33) can also be comprised with another resin material, a metal material, etc.
  • the inner casing (33) has a shape along the back surface of the outer casing (50).
  • the front surface of the inner casing (33) is spaced a predetermined distance from the rear surface of the outer casing (50), and a heat insulating member (34) is provided between the inner casing (33) and the outer casing (50). Is formed.
  • the heat insulating member (34) is integrated with the casing unit (31) by forming a sealed space between the outer casing (50) and the inner casing (33) and then filling the sealed space with foamed resin. Formed.
  • a partition member (37) is attached to the back side of the internal casing (33).
  • the partition member (37) is disposed so as to have a predetermined distance from each of the back surface of the internal casing (33), the upper inner wall of the trailer (11), and the lower inner wall of the trailer (11).
  • the inflow port (37a) is formed below the partition member (37)
  • the outflow port (37b) is formed above the partition member (37).
  • an internal air flow path (38) is formed between the internal casing (33) and the partition member (37) so as to straddle the inflow port (37a) and the outflow port (37b).
  • the interior air flow path (38) is provided with the evaporator (25), the internal fan (27), the heater (60), and the internal temperature sensor (28) described above.
  • the evaporator (25) is disposed on the back side of the bulging portion (52) so as to straddle between the inner casing (33) and the partition member (37) and supported by the inner casing (33). ing.
  • the internal fan (27) is provided above the evaporator (25).
  • the heater (60) operates during the defrost operation of the trailer refrigeration apparatus (20) and melts frost adhering to the evaporator (25), A heater for heating air, which constitutes a heater according to the present invention.
  • a heater for heating air which constitutes a heater according to the present invention.
  • three heaters (60) are provided below the evaporator (25), and each heater (60) is connected to a controller (70).
  • Each heater (60) includes a heater pipe (62), a lead wire (65), a nichrome wire (61), a sealing cap (63, 63), and a mold part (64). The heater is configured.
  • the heater pipe (62) is made of stainless steel and has a hollow cylindrical shape, and a nichrome wire (61) is inserted through the heater pipe (62).
  • the heater pipe (62) is filled with magnesia powder (62a) as an insulating material around the nichrome wire (61).
  • the insulating material filled in the heater pipe (62) is not limited to magnesia powder.
  • the nichrome wire (61) is a heating wire that generates heat when energized, and constitutes an infrared generator according to the present invention.
  • the nichrome wire (61) is configured such that the infrared wavelength and the surface temperature change in accordance with the amount of energization current.
  • the amount of current supplied to the nichrome wire (61) from the power source (66) is controlled so as to reach a temperature of about 300 to 500 ° C. during the heating operation for heating the internal air.
  • the temperature of the nichrome wire (61) during this heating operation indicates the second heating temperature according to the present invention.
  • the nichrome wire (61) is supplied from the power supply unit (66) so that the peak of the infrared wavelength is about 7 ⁇ m and the surface temperature is 100 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower during the defrosting (defrosting) operation.
  • the amount of current is controlled.
  • the temperature of the nichrome wire (61) during the defrosting operation indicates the first heating temperature according to the present invention.
  • the infrared wavelength peak may be between 3 ⁇ m and 15 ⁇ m. That is, the nichrome wire (61) is configured to change according to an object (air or ice) whose surface temperature is heated.
  • the sealing cap (63, 63) is made of silicon rubber and seals both ends of the heater pipe (62).
  • the material of the sealing cap (63) may be composed of CR rubber (chloroprene rubber) or the like.
  • the lead wire (65) is inserted through the sealing cap (63).
  • the lead wire (65) is for electrically connecting the nichrome wire (61) and the power supply unit (66).
  • One end of the lead wire (65) is connected to the power supply unit (66), and the other end is connected to the nichrome wire (61) in the sealing cap (63). That is, the current of the power supply unit (66) is supplied to the nichrome wire (61) via the lead wire (65).
  • a mold part (64) is formed inside the sealing cap (63).
  • the mold part (64) is made of silicon rubber and is interposed between the inner wall of the sealing cap (63) and the lead wire (65) to ensure the airtightness of the heater pipe (62). Yes.
  • the mold part (64) may be made of epoxy resin or the like.
  • the internal temperature sensor (28) detects the air temperature in the internal air flow path (38) (internal space (13)) of the trailer (11).
  • the internal temperature sensor (28) is installed on the lower side (inlet side) of the internal air flow path (38) in the trailer (11). Further, the internal temperature sensor (28) is connected to a controller (70) described later, and the temperature data of the internal air temperature is sent to the controller (70) one by one.
  • the controller (70) is for adjusting the surface temperature of the nichrome wire (61), and constitutes a temperature controller according to the present invention.
  • the controller (70) is accommodated in the third electrical component box (46) and connected to the power source (66) and the internal temperature sensor (28). Then, the controller (70) changes the amount of current flowing through the nichrome wire (61) by changing the output voltage of the power supply unit (66), thereby adjusting the surface temperature of the nichrome wire (61).
  • the heater (60) and the controller (70) constitute a heating mechanism (29).
  • the heating mechanism (29) constitutes a heating device according to the present invention.
  • the controller (70) first calculates the resistance value of the nichrome wire (61) from the output voltage of the power supply unit (66) and the current flowing through the nichrome wire (61). Then, the surface temperature of the nichrome wire (61) is calculated based on the resistance value of the nichrome wire (61) and the temperature data detected by the internal temperature sensor (28). And a controller (70) controls the output voltage of a power supply part (66) so that the calculated surface temperature of the nichrome wire (61) may be between 300 degreeC and 500 degreeC at the time of a heating operation.
  • the controller (70) adjusts the output voltage of the power supply unit (66) so that the calculated surface temperature of the nichrome wire (61) is between 100 ° C and 150 ° C. That is, the controller (70) switches the temperature of the heater (60) between the defrost operation and the heating operation.
  • the controller (70) adjusts the current amount of the nichrome wire (61) by adjusting the output voltage of the power supply unit (66) as the temperature adjusting means, but as the temperature adjusting means, May change the amount of current flowing through the nichrome wire (61) by changing the frequency of the voltage output from the power supply unit (66), or pulse the voltage output from the power supply unit (66).
  • the amount of current flowing through the nichrome wire (61) may be changed by control.
  • the refrigerant compressed by the compressor (22) flows through the condenser (23).
  • the refrigerant dissipates heat to the outside air and condenses.
  • the condensed refrigerant is decompressed by passing through the electric expansion valve (24), and the decompressed refrigerant flows through the evaporator (25).
  • the evaporator (25) the refrigerant absorbs heat from the internal air and evaporates.
  • the evaporated refrigerant is compressed again by the compressor (22).
  • the internal air in the internal space (13) is sucked into the internal air flow path (38) from the inlet (37a).
  • the air sucked into the inside air flow path (38) flows upward and passes through the evaporator (25).
  • the internal air is cooled by exchanging heat with the refrigerant.
  • the internal air cooled by the evaporator (25) flows out from the outlet (37b) into the internal space (13) and is used for refrigeration / freezing of cargo and the like.
  • outside (outdoor) air is sucked into the machine room (35, 36). Specifically, the outside air is sucked into the two side introduction ports (32c, 32c) and the central introduction port (32b) of the front cover (32).
  • the air introduced into the first machine room (35) from the left side inlet (32c) passes around the first electrical component box (43). To the vicinity of the generator (40) and the engine (41). Also, the air introduced into the first machine room (35) from the right side inlet (32c) out of the two side inlets (32c, 32c) flows around the second electrical component box (44).
  • the air sucked into the second machine room (36) from the central inlet (32b) passes through the condenser (23).
  • the refrigerant dissipates heat to the outside air and condenses.
  • the air that has passed through the condenser (23) flows around the radiator (45), is used for cooling the radiator (45), and merges with the air that has passed through the communication port (55c).
  • the air after merging in the second machine room (36) is diverted in the left-right direction so as to flow around the two compressors (22, 22).
  • the air diverted to the left side passes through the upper end opening in the front cover (32) and is discharged to the outside of the external casing (50).
  • the air divided to the right side passes through the third electrical component box (46), then passes through the upper end opening in the front cover (32) and is discharged to the outside of the external casing (50).
  • the refrigerant circulation in the refrigerant circuit (21) stops.
  • the controller (70) turns on the heater (60).
  • the controller (70) controls the power supply unit (66) to pass a current through the nichrome wire (61), and the calculated surface temperature of the nichrome wire (61) is 300 ° C. to 500 ° C. Raise the temperature until it reaches °C.
  • the air in the compartment of the trailer (11) is sucked into the inside air flow path (38) from the inlet (37a) by the inside fan (27).
  • the air sucked into the inside air flow path (38) flows upward and passes around the heater (60). This air is heated by the nichrome wire (61) when passing around the heater (60).
  • the heated air is supplied to the interior space (13) of the trailer (11).
  • the door (11a) on the rear side of the trailer (11) is frequently opened to load and unload cargo. For this reason, when the door (11a) is opened and closed, external air containing moisture is easily taken into the trailer (11). That is, in the refrigeration vehicle (10) of the first embodiment, a large amount of external air is taken into the warehouse, so that a large amount of ice (frost) adheres to the evaporator (25). When a large amount of frost adheres to the evaporator (25), the amount of air passing through the evaporator (25) decreases, and the refrigeration capacity of the trailer refrigeration apparatus (20) decreases. Therefore, when a large amount of frost adheres to the evaporator (25), the defrosting (defrosting) operation is started in the trailer refrigeration apparatus (20).
  • the controller (70) turns on the heater (60).
  • the controller (70) controls the power supply unit (66) to pass a current through the nichrome wire (61) to raise the temperature of the nichrome wire (61).
  • the controller (70) sets the calculated surface temperature of the nichrome wire (61) between 100 ° C. and 150 ° C., and generates infrared light having a peak wavelength of about 7 ⁇ m from the nichrome wire (61).
  • the heater (60) radiates the generated infrared rays toward the evaporator (25).
  • the frost adhering to the evaporator (25) absorbs infrared rays and is heated, and is also heated and melted by radiant heat radiated from the nichrome wire (61).
  • the melted frost becomes drain water and is collected in a drain pan (not shown).
  • the drain water does not evaporate again due to the heat of the nichrome wire (61).
  • the trailer refrigeration apparatus (20) melts the frost adhering to the evaporator (25), stops the defrosting operation, and performs the normal operation again.
  • the heating temperature depends on the object to be heated. Can be set. That is, the temperature of the heater (60) can be made different depending on whether the object to be heated is air or ice (frost). Thereby, since the temperature of the heater (60) can be kept low while heating each heating object under appropriate conditions, the time for using the heater (60) can be lengthened. As a result, the maintenance cost of the trailer refrigeration apparatus (20) can be reduced without increasing the cost of the heater itself.
  • the peak of the wavelength of the infrared ray generated from the nichrome wire (61) during the defrost operation is set to a wavelength between 3 ⁇ m and 15 ⁇ m
  • the infrared ray having the above wavelength is absorbed by the ice attached to the evaporator (25) and heated. be able to. That is, the ice can be heated by infrared rays having a wavelength that is highly absorbed by the ice. Thereby, the ice adhering to the evaporator (25) can be rapidly melted.
  • the temperature of the nichrome wire (61) when the heater (60) is defrosted is set between 100 ° C. and 150 ° C., it is possible to prevent the melted ice from evaporating due to the heat of the nichrome wire (61). .
  • Embodiment 2 of the invention Next, Embodiment 2 will be described.
  • the configuration of the refrigerant circuit (21) of the trailer refrigerating apparatus (20) according to the first embodiment is different.
  • the trailer refrigeration apparatus (20) includes a refrigerant circuit (81) filled with a refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant circuit (81) constitutes a refrigerant circuit according to the present invention.
  • the refrigerant circuit (81) includes a compressor (82), a four-way switching valve (86), a heat source side heat exchanger (83) corresponding to the condenser (23) according to the first embodiment,
  • the electric expansion valve (84) and the use side heat exchanger (85) corresponding to the evaporator (25) according to the first embodiment are connected.
  • the refrigerant is reversibly circulated to perform a vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
  • the discharge side of the compressor (82) is connected to the first port of the four-way switching valve (86), and the suction side is connected to the second port of the four-way switching valve (86).
  • the heat source side heat exchanger (83), the electric expansion valve (84), and the use side heat exchanger (85) are connected from the third port of the four-way switching valve (86) to the third port.
  • the four ports are connected in order.
  • the electric expansion valve (84) constitutes an expansion mechanism according to the present invention.
  • the four-way selector valve (86) includes a first state (state indicated by a solid line in FIG. 9) in which the first port and the third port communicate with each other and the second port and the fourth port communicate with each other; These ports can be switched to a second state (state indicated by a broken line in FIG. 9) in which the second port communicates with the fourth port and the second port communicates with the third port.
  • the heat source side heat exchanger (83) and the use side heat exchanger (85) are configured as so-called cross fin type fin-and-tube heat exchangers.
  • An external fan (26) is provided in the vicinity of the heat source side heat exchanger (83).
  • the heat source side heat exchanger (83) exchanges heat between the outside (outdoor) air conveyed by the outside fan (26) and the refrigerant, and constitutes a radiator according to the present invention.
  • An internal fan (27) is provided in the vicinity of the use side heat exchanger (85). In the use side heat exchanger (85), the internal air conveyed by the internal fan (27) and the refrigerant exchange heat.
  • the use side heat exchanger (85) cools the air in the interior space (13) of the trailer (11), and constitutes a heat absorber according to the present invention.
  • the four-way selector valve (86) is set to the first state.
  • the refrigerant compressed by the compressor (82) flows through the heat source side heat exchanger (83).
  • the heat source side heat exchanger (83) the refrigerant dissipates heat to the outside air and condenses.
  • the condensed refrigerant is decompressed by passing through the electric expansion valve (84), and the decompressed refrigerant flows through the use side heat exchanger (85).
  • the use side heat exchanger (85) the refrigerant absorbs heat from the internal air and evaporates. The evaporated refrigerant is compressed again by the compressor (82).
  • the rear door (11a) of the trailer (11) is frequently opened to load and unload cargo. For this reason, when the door (11a) is opened and closed, external air containing moisture is easily taken into the trailer (11). That is, in the refrigeration vehicle (10) according to the second embodiment, the amount of ice (frost) adhering to the use side heat exchanger (85) increases because there is a lot of external air taken into the warehouse. When a large amount of frost adheres to the usage-side heat exchanger (85), the amount of air passing through the usage-side heat exchanger (85) decreases, and the refrigeration capacity of the trailer refrigeration apparatus (20) decreases. Therefore, when a large amount of frost adheres to the use side heat exchanger (85), the defrosting (defrosting) operation is started in the trailer refrigeration apparatus (20).
  • the four-way switching valve (86) of the refrigerant circuit (81) is set to the second state.
  • the internal fan (27) is stopped, and the refrigerant compressed by the compressor (82) flows through the use side heat exchanger (85).
  • the refrigerant dissipates heat to the frost attached to the use side heat exchanger (85) and condenses.
  • the condensed refrigerant is decompressed by passing through the electric expansion valve (84), and the decompressed refrigerant flows through the heat source side heat exchanger (83).
  • the heat source side heat exchanger (83) the refrigerant absorbs heat from outside air and evaporates. The evaporated refrigerant is compressed again by the compressor (82).
  • the controller (70) turns on the heater (60).
  • the controller (70) controls the power supply unit (66) to pass a current through the nichrome wire (61) to raise the temperature of the nichrome wire (61).
  • the controller (70) sets the surface temperature of the nichrome wire (61) between 100 ° C. and 150 ° C., and generates infrared light having a peak wavelength of about 7 ⁇ m from the nichrome wire (61).
  • the heater (60) radiates the generated infrared rays toward the use side heat exchanger (85).
  • the frost attached to the use side heat exchanger (85) absorbs infrared rays and is heated, and is also heated and melted by radiant heat radiated from the nichrome wire (61).
  • the melted frost becomes drain water and is collected in a drain pan (not shown).
  • the drain water is not evaporated by the heat of the nichrome wire (61).
  • the trailer refrigeration apparatus (20) melts the frost adhering to the use side heat exchanger (85), then stops the defrost operation and performs the normal operation again.
  • Embodiment 2- in addition to the defrost operation in the refrigerant circuit (81), the ice (frost) adhering to the use side heat exchanger (85) is melted by the heater (60), so the defrost operation is performed. It is possible to reduce the time required to perform the operation.
  • Other configurations, operations, and effects are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • the present invention may be configured as follows for the first and second embodiments.
  • the second heating temperature is a temperature between 300 ° C. and 500 ° C., but the above temperature range is an example, and the second heating temperature may be 500 ° C. or more.
  • the surface temperature of the nichrome wire (61) is calculated based on the resistance value of the nichrome wire (61) and the temperature data of the air in the internal space (13).
  • a temperature sensor or the like may be provided in the vicinity of the nichrome wire (61) to directly measure the surface temperature of the nichrome wire (61).
  • the heating wire is constituted by the nichrome wire (61), but in the present invention, the heating wire may be constituted by other materials.
  • the present invention is useful for a transport refrigeration apparatus provided with a heating apparatus.
  • Refrigerant circuit 25 (according to embodiment 1) Evaporator 29 Heating mechanism 60 Heater 61 Nichrome wire 70 Controller 81 (according to embodiment 2) Refrigerant circuit 82 (according to embodiment 2) Compressor 83 Heat source side heat exchanger 84 Electric expansion valve 85 (according to Embodiment 2) Use side heat exchanger

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Defrosting Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un réfrigérateur pour des remorques, qui comporte : un circuit de réfrigérant (21), qui refroidit l'air à l'intérieur d'un conteneur de remorque ; un mécanisme de chauffage (29) qui chauffe l'air à l'intérieur du conteneur de remorque et qui chauffe et fond de la glace (gel) adhérant sur un évaporateur (25) dans le circuit de réfrigérant (21). Le mécanisme de chauffage (29) comporte : un élément chauffant (60), qui est commutable entre une première température de chauffage, qui chauffe et fond la glace (gel) adhérant sur l'évaporateur (25) dans le circuit de réfrigérant (21), et une seconde température de chauffage, qui chauffe l'air à l'intérieur du conteneur de remorque, et un dispositif de commande (70), qui commute la température de l'élément chauffant (60) entre la première température de chauffage et la seconde température de chauffage.
PCT/JP2010/003788 2009-06-23 2010-06-07 Réfrigérateur pour le transport WO2010150469A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2009-148976 2009-06-23
JP2009148976A JP2011007369A (ja) 2009-06-23 2009-06-23 輸送用冷凍装置

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WO2010150469A1 true WO2010150469A1 (fr) 2010-12-29

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140352913A1 (en) * 2013-05-31 2014-12-04 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Aircraft refrigeration unit evaporator heater
WO2017192568A1 (fr) * 2016-05-03 2017-11-09 Carrier Corporation Commande de tension intelligente pour chauffage et dégivrage électriques dans un système de réfrigération de transport

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CN111059848B (zh) * 2019-12-11 2021-05-07 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 接水盘组件及设备

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JPS62225878A (ja) * 1986-03-26 1987-10-03 今野　和義 霜の付かない冷却器
JPH09203578A (ja) * 1996-01-25 1997-08-05 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd コンテナ用冷凍装置
JP2007101170A (ja) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-19 Thermo King Corp 温度制御システム及びそれを動作させる方法
JP2008157520A (ja) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-10 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 冷蔵庫

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JPS62225878A (ja) * 1986-03-26 1987-10-03 今野　和義 霜の付かない冷却器
JPH09203578A (ja) * 1996-01-25 1997-08-05 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd コンテナ用冷凍装置
JP2007101170A (ja) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-19 Thermo King Corp 温度制御システム及びそれを動作させる方法
JP2008157520A (ja) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-10 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 冷蔵庫

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140352913A1 (en) * 2013-05-31 2014-12-04 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Aircraft refrigeration unit evaporator heater
CN104214980A (zh) * 2013-05-31 2014-12-17 哈米尔顿森德斯特兰德公司 飞机制冷单元蒸发器加热器
EP2815978A1 (fr) * 2013-05-31 2014-12-24 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Chauffage d'évaporateur d'unité de réfrigération d'avion
WO2017192568A1 (fr) * 2016-05-03 2017-11-09 Carrier Corporation Commande de tension intelligente pour chauffage et dégivrage électriques dans un système de réfrigération de transport
US10823484B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2020-11-03 Carrier Corporation Intelligent voltage control for electric heat and defrost in transport refrigeration system

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