WO2010146833A1 - 荷電粒子線装置 - Google Patents
荷電粒子線装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010146833A1 WO2010146833A1 PCT/JP2010/003964 JP2010003964W WO2010146833A1 WO 2010146833 A1 WO2010146833 A1 WO 2010146833A1 JP 2010003964 W JP2010003964 W JP 2010003964W WO 2010146833 A1 WO2010146833 A1 WO 2010146833A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement, ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/06—Electron sources; Electron guns
- H01J37/065—Construction of guns or parts thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement, ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/09—Diaphragms; Shields associated with electron or ion-optical arrangements; Compensation of disturbing fields
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/317—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. for ion implantation
- H01J37/3174—Particle-beam lithography, e.g. electron beam lithography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/02—Details
- H01J2237/0203—Protection arrangements
- H01J2237/0206—Extinguishing, preventing or controlling unwanted discharges
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/02—Details
- H01J2237/0203—Protection arrangements
- H01J2237/0213—Avoiding deleterious effects due to interactions between particles and tube elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/02—Details
- H01J2237/022—Avoiding or removing foreign or contaminating particles, debris or deposits on sample or tube
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/06—Sources
- H01J2237/063—Electron sources
- H01J2237/06308—Thermionic sources
- H01J2237/06316—Schottky emission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/06—Sources
- H01J2237/063—Electron sources
- H01J2237/06325—Cold-cathode sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/06—Sources
- H01J2237/063—Electron sources
- H01J2237/06375—Arrangement of electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/248—Components associated with the control of the tube
- H01J2237/2482—Optical means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a charged particle beam apparatus having a charged particle generation source such as an electron microscope or a drawing apparatus.
- Electron guns include field emission electron guns and Schottky emission electron guns, all of which apply a positive high voltage (extraction voltage) to the extraction electrode facing the electron source with a sharp tip. As a result, the electric field is concentrated on the tip of the electron source, and the electron beam is emitted.
- the configuration of the electron gun is disclosed in, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3.
- the degree of vacuum of the electron gun greatly affects the stability of the amount of electron beam current (emission current). A slight amount of gas molecules remain in the vacuum, and when they are adsorbed or chemically reacted on the surface of the electron source, the physical properties of the surface of the electron source change and the amount of current to be emitted changes greatly. For this reason, in order to stabilize the emission current, it is necessary to improve the degree of vacuum (reduce the pressure) to reduce the residual gas and reduce the adsorption and chemical reaction on the surface of the electron source.
- the pressure in the electron gun is set to 10 ⁇ 7 (hereinafter referred to as 10E-7) Pa or lower and maintained at a high degree of vacuum (low pressure).
- the influence of the degree of vacuum becomes remarkable. Since the temperature of the field emission electron source is not more than room temperature, the residual gas is gradually adsorbed on the surface of the electron source and gradually covered with time. For this reason, the emission current decays over a long period of time. Further, as the amount of adsorbed gas increases, current fluctuation (noise) increases, so it is necessary to periodically clean the electron source surface and remove the adsorbed gas. Cleaning methods include flashing in which the electron source is heated to about 2000 ° C. to thermally desorb the adsorbed gas, and electric field evaporation in which a positive high voltage is applied to the electron source to ionize the adsorbed gas. Based on the above principle, the higher the degree of vacuum in the field emission electron gun, the lower the frequency of gas adsorption onto the surface, and a stable emission current can be obtained. In addition, the frequency of cleaning operations such as flushing can be reduced, increasing convenience.
- the electron gun In order to keep the inside of the electron gun at an ultra-high vacuum of 10E-7 Pa or less, the electron gun is evacuated by a vacuum pump for ultra-high vacuum, and an electron impact generated by collision of emitted electrons with an extraction electrode or other member It is necessary to reduce desorption (Electron Stimulated Desorption).
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a mechanism for generating ESD gas in an electron gun.
- the electron source 1 is held by the support 2 and the insulator 3 and is arranged inside the vacuum vessel 4.
- the vacuum vessel 4 is evacuated by the ion pump 5 and an ultra-high vacuum of 10E-7 Pa or less is maintained.
- the electron source 1, the extraction electrode 6 disposed opposite to the electron source 1, and the vacuum vessel 4 are electrically insulated, the vacuum vessel 4 is connected to the ground, and an arbitrary voltage is applied to the electron source 1 and the extraction electrode 6. Can be applied.
- an arbitrary voltage is applied to the extraction electrode 6 with respect to the electron source 1
- the electric field concentrates on the tip of the electron source 1
- the electron beam 7 is emitted radially toward the extraction electrode.
- An aperture 8 is provided at the center of the extraction electrode 6, and the center of the electron beam 7 passes through the second vacuum chamber 9 below from the aperture 8.
- the electrons in the central portion that have passed through this downward are called probe currents 10, and in the charged particle beam apparatus, this probe current 10 is further selected, accelerated, focused, etc. according to the purpose.
- ESD gas 11 The gas that is struck out and released into the vacuum.
- a certain percentage of the electrons 7 irradiated on the extraction electrode 6 are reflected by atoms in the electrode surface or in a shallow region on the surface layer, and bounce upward in a random direction. These electrons are called reflected electrons 12.
- the energy of each electron of the reflected electrons 12 is different.
- a small number of reflected electrons are reflected by elastic collision and have the same high energy as that at the time of incidence.
- the majority of the reflected electrons are reflected by inelastic collisions, and are deprived of energy and have lower energy than that at the time of incidence.
- the electron source 1 and the support part 2 have a low potential with respect to the extraction electrode 6, a repulsive force acts on the reflected electrons approaching them. Therefore, only the reflected electrons having the same energy as the incident light collide with the electron source 1 or the support part 2 again. However, since most of the reflected electrons have lower energy than that of the incident electrons, they do not collide with the electron source 1 or the support part 2 and receive repulsion from them to bend the trajectory and advance upward and laterally. Head toward the wall surface.
- the ESD gas 11 When the reflected electrons 12 collide with the wall surface of the vacuum vessel 4 or another member in the electron gun, the ESD gas 11 'is also generated here. In addition, a certain number of reflected electrons 12 that have collided are also reflected and scattered into the electron gun. The secondary and tertiary reflected electrons generated in this way spread over a wide range in the electron gun, and further generate ESD gas. The degree of vacuum of the electron gun is further deteriorated by the ESD gas generated in these processes. Further, when the reflected electrons collide with the insulator 3 or the like, discharge occurs between the vacuum vessel 4 and the electron source 1 due to charge-up, which may cause the electron source 1 to melt.
- a method for reducing the ESD gas 11 generated from the extraction electrode 6 there is a temperature rising degassing method in which the extraction electrode 6 is heated by a heating means such as a heater 13 as described in Patent Document 1, for example.
- a heating means such as a heater 13 as described in Patent Document 1, for example.
- the adsorption gas on the surface of the extraction electrode 6 and the gas inside the surface layer are thermally desorbed. Since the gas has already desorbed even after returning to room temperature, the amount of ESD gas generated is reduced even when the extraction electrode 6 is irradiated with the electron beam 7.
- the temperature rising degassing method is performed on the extraction electrode in advance to minimize the amount of ESD gas generated from the extraction electrode 6.
- ESD gas reduction method for example, as described in Patent Document 2, there is an electron impact method in which a large amount of electrons collide with an extraction electrode in advance.
- a large amount of electrons are emitted from the electron source 1 or a newly provided electron source and collide with the surface of the extraction electrode in vacuum, so that the adsorbed gas and the surface gas are knocked out and desorbed.
- the amount of ESD gas generated is reduced because the gas on the surface has already been desorbed. Similar to the temperature rising degassing method, the ESD gas generated by performing the electron impact method on the extraction electrode in advance can be minimized.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration using a cup-shaped extraction electrode.
- FIG. 2 shows an explanation of the electric field distribution in the case of using this cup-shaped extraction electrode with equipotential lines.
- the electric field distribution is represented by an equipotential line 15 indicated by a dotted line depending on the potentials of the electron source 1 and the support 2 and the cup-type extraction electrode 14.
- the reflected electrons 12 travel upward, the reflected electrons 12 receive a force in a direction perpendicular to the potential line 15 and away from the electron source 1 and the support portion 2 due to the electric field distribution.
- the traveling direction of the reflected electrons 12 is bent and collides with the side surface of the cup-type electrode 14. Since the cup-type electrode 14 is previously performed by a temperature rising degassing method or the like, the ESD gas generated by the collision of the reflected electrons 12 is small. As the depth of the cup-type extraction electrode is increased, more reflected electrons collide with the side surface, and the number of reflected electrons passing through the cup and going upwards decreases. With this method, the number of reflected electrons that collide with the vacuum vessel 4 and other members in the electron gun is reduced, and the amount of ESD gas generated can be reduced throughout the electron gun.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a configuration in which the entire electron source is covered with an extraction electrode. This method makes it difficult for reflected electrons to come out from the inner space covered with the extraction electrode, and can reduce the collision of the reflected electrons with the vacuum vessel wall surface and other members.
- Patent Document 3 Even in the structure of Patent Document 3, the conductance is reduced, and the distance between the electron source and the extraction electrode is small, so that even a slight contamination of the metal holder or emitter base separating them causes discharge between them, and the electron source is There is a risk of damage.
- the object is to provide a particle beam device.
- a charged particle source an extraction electrode for extracting charged particles from the charged particle source, and a sample holding means for holding a sample irradiated with charged particles extracted by the extraction electrode;
- a charged particle optical system for irradiating the extracted charged particles to a sample held by the sample holding means;
- a first exhaust means for evacuating a first vacuum chamber in which the charged particle source is disposed;
- a cylindrical shield electrode is further disposed and shields the progress of reflected charged particles from the extraction electrode, and the cylindrical upper end and lower end of the cylindrical shield electrode are open to the first vacuum chamber.
- a charged particle source an extraction electrode for extracting charged particles from the charged particle source; a sample holding means for holding a sample irradiated with the charged particles extracted by the extraction electrode; and A charged particle optical system for irradiating the sample held by the sample holding means, a first evacuation means for evacuating the first vacuum chamber in which the charged particle source is disposed, and the first vacuum chamber.
- the charged particle source is disposed so as to surround the charged particle source, and is reflected from the extraction electrode.
- a charged particle beam apparatus further comprising a cylindrical shielding electrode that shields the progression of charged particles, wherein at least one opening is provided on a cylindrical side surface of the cylindrical shielding electrode.
- To provide a charged particle beam apparatus that can improve the degree of vacuum around a charged particle source and obtain a stable emission current by shielding the progress of reflected charged particles and sufficiently securing an exhaust path around the charged particle source. be able to.
- a shielding electrode is provided to prevent the reflected charged particles from spreading into the charged particle gun. Further, in order to ensure a sufficient exhaust path around the charged particle source, (1) a cylindrical structure in which the upper and lower parts are opened, or (2) a cylindrical structure having an opening on the side surface, or (1) and (2 ) was used.
- the cylindrical structure refers to a hollow structure.
- the cross-sectional shape cut by a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylinder includes not only a circle but also a polygon (FIGS. 36 and 37).
- the case where the length of a cylinder is smaller than the diameter of a cylinder is included (FIG. 32, FIG. 34).
- the opening provided in the side surface includes the same case as the axial length of the cylinder (FIGS. 35 and 38).
- the case where a cylinder side surface has inclination with respect to the central axis is included (FIG. 21).
- FIG. 1 The first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 10 and FIGS. 31 to 35.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 shows a field emission electron gun used in the charged particle beam apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 31 is a front view and a side view of a cross section of the electron gun as seen from above.
- the electron source 1 is a tungsten field emission electron source having a crystal orientation such as ⁇ 310> or ⁇ 111> and sharpened from a tip diameter of 50 nm to 300 nm.
- a field emission electron source such as sharpened lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) or carbon nanotube may be used.
- the electron source 1 is held by the support portion 2 and the insulator 3 and disposed in the vacuum vessel 4.
- the vacuum vessel 4 is connected to the ground potential.
- the extraction electrode 6 is arranged facing the electron source 1 at a position about 10 mm away.
- the vacuum electrode 4 is separated by the extraction electrode 6 into a first vacuum chamber 16 in which the electron source 1 is arranged and a second vacuum chamber 9 below, and only through the aperture 8 provided in the center of the extraction electrode 6. Connected.
- Each vacuum chamber is evacuated independently by the ion pump 5 and the ion pump 17 via a pipe to be a differential evacuation.
- the pressure in the first vacuum chamber 16 having a high degree of vacuum is an ultra high pressure of 10E-7 Pa or less. Maintain vacuum.
- the ion pump 5 or the ion pump 17 may be a vacuum pump other than the ion pump, for example, a non-evaporable getter pump or a titanium sublimation pump, or may be exhausted together with the ion pump.
- the distance between the electron source and the extraction electrode may be other distances, and is typically 1 to 50 mm.
- the electron source 1 is electrically connected to a terminal 18 and a terminal 18 ′ that are insulated from the vacuum container 4, and an acceleration voltage V 0 is applied to the ground potential using an acceleration power source 19.
- the extraction electrode 6 is electrically connected to a terminal 20 that is insulated from the vacuum vessel 4, and an extraction voltage V 1 is applied using an extraction power source 21.
- the position of the terminal 20 is arbitrary, and the terminal 20 may be arranged on the upper part of the vacuum vessel 4, the upper part of the insulator 3, the side surface of the second vacuum chamber 9, or the like.
- the height of the protrusion 49 is preferably lower than the distance between the tip of the electron source and the extraction electrode, typically 30 mm or less.
- the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion may be a rectangle, trapezoid, or other polygon.
- the protrusion should have the same axis as the central axis of the electron beam and be axisymmetric. Moreover, the structure where only the area
- a convex extraction electrode 50 having a convex shape toward the electron source as shown in FIG. 5 may be used, and this electrode also makes it easy to concentrate the electric field at the tip of the electron source.
- a protrusion 49 may be further provided on the upper surface of the convex extraction electrode 50, and the structure of the extraction electrode may be arbitrarily changed according to the purpose.
- Electrons at the center of the electron beam 7 pass from the aperture 8 to the second vacuum chamber 9 below.
- the electrons in the central portion that have passed through this downward are called probe currents 10, and in the charged particle beam apparatus, this probe current 10 is further selected, accelerated, and focused.
- the diameter of the aperture 8 is about 0.1 to 2 mm, and if it is larger than this, differential exhaust becomes difficult.
- the extraction electrode 6 is heated to about 500 ° C. in advance by a heating means such as a heater 13, and the adsorbed gas and the surface layer gas on the surface of the extraction electrode 6 are desorbed by a temperature rising degassing method.
- a heating means such as a heater 13
- the adsorbed gas and the surface layer gas on the surface of the extraction electrode 6 are desorbed by a temperature rising degassing method.
- the amount of ESD gas generated when the extraction electrode 6 is irradiated with the electron beam 7 is reduced.
- generation of ESD gas can be similarly reduced by using an electron impact method in which the extraction electrode 6 is irradiated with a large amount of electron beams in advance.
- a new electron beam source for the electron impact method may be provided in the vacuum vessel 4.
- a shielding electrode 22 having an axisymmetric ring shape (cylindrical structure) having a circular cross section with a diameter of 1 mm is disposed so as to surround the central axis of the electron beam 7.
- FIG. 32 shows a perspective view of a ring-shaped (cylinder structure) shielding electrode.
- the shielding electrode 22 electrically or physically shields (or shields) the trajectory of the reflected electrons 12 that are reflected from the extraction electrode 6 and travel upward, thereby preventing the ESD gas from colliding with the vacuum vessel wall surface or other members. Reduce the occurrence.
- the shield electrode 22 is held by a support rod 23 insulated from the vacuum vessel 4 and is electrically connected.
- the number of support bars 23 is four, but may be one or more other numbers.
- a shielding voltage V ⁇ b> 2 is applied to the shielding electrode 22 with respect to the electron source 1 using a shielding power source 24.
- V2 is typically -10 to 20 kV.
- the shield power supply 24 can be heated by applying current to the shield electrode 22, and the temperature rise degassing method is also performed on the shield electrode 22 by raising the temperature. Further, an electron impact method may be performed on the shielding electrode 22.
- the electric field distribution created by the shielding electrode 22 changes depending on the value of the shielding voltage V2 applied, and the way of bending and shielding the reflected electron trajectory changes. Specifically, repulsion is applied to the reflected electrons from the shield electrode and pushed back to the extraction electrode, or capture is performed by applying an attractive force to the reflected electrons and causing them to collide with the shield electrode.
- the optimum V2 is appropriately determined according to the design of the entire configuration of the electron gun, such as the position and structure of the electron source, extraction electrode, and shielding electrode.
- FIG. 6 shows a typical configuration when the voltage is applied under the condition of the shielding voltage V2 ⁇ 0, and an example of the orbits of the equipotential lines 15 and the reflected electrons 12 of the electric field distribution. Since the electric field distribution is symmetric with respect to the central axis, only the half surface is shown for simplicity. The following description of the electric field distribution is also shown in half. Under the condition of V2 ⁇ 0, the reflected electrons are shielded so as to be suppressed inside the shielding electrode. Since the potential of the shielding electrode 22 is lower than that of the electron source 1, a large repulsive force acts on the reflected electrons 12 approaching the shielding electrode 22.
- the maximum energy of the reflected electrons 12 is equal to the potential energy of the electron source 1, the reflected electrons 12 do not collide with the shielding electrode 22. With this repulsive force, the reflected electrons 12 are pushed back to the extraction electrode 6 to block the progress, and the reflected electrons are prevented from colliding with the vacuum vessel wall surface or the like.
- the electron source 1 is surrounded by a lower electric field distribution, so that it is difficult to concentrate the electric field at the tip. In order to easily concentrate the electric field, it is preferable to provide a protrusion 49 or the like on the extraction electrode 6.
- the extraction electrode 6 is made sufficiently large with respect to the range in which the reflected electrons that are pulled back collide with each other so as not to collide with other members that have not been subjected to the temperature rising degassing method.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of the locus of the equipotential lines 15 and the reflected electrons 12 in a typical electric field distribution when the shielding voltage V2 is 0 ⁇ V2 ⁇ V1.
- This application condition has an advantage that the electric field can be more easily concentrated on the tip of the electron source than V2 ⁇ 0, and the extraction voltage V1 can be reduced.
- the shielding is performed in the same way as V2 ⁇ 0 by applying a repulsive force to the reflected electrons and restraining it in the direction of the extraction electrode.
- the potential of the shielding electrode 22 is higher than that of the electron source, some reflected electrons having high energy collide with the shielding electrode.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of the locus of the equipotential lines 15 and the reflected electrons 12 in a typical electric field distribution when the shielding voltage V2 is V1 ⁇ V2.
- This condition has an advantage that the electric field can be more easily concentrated on the electron source 1 than the conventional condition of V2 ⁇ V1.
- an attractive force is applied to the reflected electrons 12 approaching the shielding electrode 22 and is attracted to and collides with the shielding electrode.
- the reflected electrons are positively collided with the shielding electrode and captured to shield the reflected electrons. Since the shield electrode 22 has been subjected to the temperature rising degassing method in advance, the ESD gas generated by impact is minimized.
- the method of shielding the reflected electrons differs depending on the applied voltage of V2, and the ease of concentration of the electric field at the tip of the electron source also changes.
- the application conditions are appropriately selected based on the structure of the electron gun and the reflected electron trajectory corresponding thereto.
- the arrangement position of the cross section of the shielding electrode 22 is above (horizontal to the electron source) the horizontal position of the irradiation surface of the electron beam on the extraction electrode. Set to the position facing the irradiation area.
- the shielding electrode is preferably separated from the electron source by more than the distance from the tip of the electron source to the extraction electrode. More specifically, the distance from the tip of the electron source to the extraction electrode is more than twice. Typically, the shielding electrode is separated from the tip of the electron source by 10 mm or more, specifically, 20 mm or more. Therefore, the extraction electrode is the closest electrode from the tip of the electron source.
- the shield electrode is placed inside the cylindrical space with the electron beam irradiation area at the bottom and the central axis of the electron beam as the axis, the distance is applied to the reflected electrons generated from the outer edge of the irradiation area. It becomes difficult. In particular, under the condition of V2 ⁇ V1, the repulsive force is positively directed toward the vacuum vessel wall surface. Therefore, the shielding electrode is disposed outside the cylindrical space.
- the emission angle of the electron beam emitted from the electron source tip is typically about 60 °, although it depends on the value of the extraction voltage and the diameter of the electron source tip.
- the diameter of the irradiation region of the electron beam on the extraction electrode is about 1.15 times the distance from the tip of the electron source to the extraction electrode.
- the shield electrode is separated from the central axis by 2 times or more. Typically, it is outside a cylindrical space with a radius of 6 mm, and limited to a 10 mm cylindrical space. Since the reflected electrons are reflected in a random direction and travel upward, the scattered electrons spread in a wider space as the distance from the irradiation surface on the extraction electrode increases.
- the shielding electrode is disposed within 70 mm from the irradiation region, and more specifically within 50 mm.
- the ring diameter may be other sizes, typically about 0.1 to 10 mm.
- the cross section of the ring may be a polygon or an ellipse.
- the shielding electrode 22 is not arranged in the horizontal direction with the tip of the electron source 1, and the ion pump 5 is arranged in a straight line at the horizontal position, so that the exhaust path is wide and the space between the electron source and the pump. And a high conductance can be secured.
- a storage type pump such as a non-evaporable getter pump or a titanium sublimation pump is used in place of the ion pump 5, there is no need to worry about chip contamination due to discharge from the pump itself, which is more effective.
- these pumps are suitable for higher vacuum exhaust than ion pumps, and can achieve a higher degree of vacuum.
- the exhaust capacity can be fully utilized, and the degree of vacuum around the electron source can be improved up to the ultimate degree of vacuum of the pumps.
- the shielding electrode is not placed in the horizontal direction, it is difficult to shield the reflected electrons from the extraction electrode in the lateral direction. Therefore, it is desirable to provide the protrusion 49 on the extraction electrode 6 in particular.
- the shielding electrode 22 or its surface coating material By using a material that generates less ESD gas, such as gold, silver, copper, aluminum, titanium, or an alloy thereof, as the shielding electrode 22 or its surface coating material, the amount of generation at the time of collision of electrons can be further reduced. Further, by using a high permeability material such as permalloy as the material, the influence of an external magnetic field such as geomagnetism on the electron beam can be reduced. Furthermore, by coating the surface of the shielding electrode 22 with a getter material such as a non-evaporable getter, the evacuation capability in the electron gun is increased and the degree of vacuum can be improved.
- a getter material such as a non-evaporable getter
- a high voltage difference may occur between the electron source 1 and the shielding electrode 22, or between the shielding electrode 22 and the extraction electrode 6, and discharge may occur between the electrodes. Therefore, the electrodes are separated by a certain distance or more, and the curvature of the end faces and edge portions is increased to suppress discharge. Further, the arrangement position, diameter, size, and the like of the shielding electrode 22, or the structure of the electron source and the extraction electrode, and the positional relationship thereof are optimized as appropriate by calculating the electric field distribution and the trajectory of the reflected electrons.
- FIG. 10 shows an outline of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) as an example of a charged particle beam apparatus using the electron gun of this embodiment.
- the electron gun is further connected to the third vacuum chamber 27 evacuated by the ion pump 26 via the acceleration electrode 25.
- the third vacuum chamber 27 is connected to the sample chamber 30 evacuated by the turbo molecular pump 29 via the objective lens 28.
- the turbo molecular pump 29 can be replaced with other vacuum pumps such as a diffusion pump.
- the probe current 10 emitted from the electron gun is accelerated by the acceleration electrode 25 and proceeds to the third vacuum chamber 27.
- the outer periphery of the probe current is further removed by the diaphragm electrode 31.
- the controller 32 monitors the amount of current detected by the aperture electrode 31.
- the probe current 10 is then focused by the objective lens 28 and applied to the sample 34 fixed to the sample stage 33.
- the secondary electrons emitted from the sample 34 are detected by the detector 35, the current amount is monitored by the controller 32, converted into an observation image, and displayed on the display 36.
- the acceleration power source 19, the extraction power source 21, and the shield power source 24 are connected to the controller 32 to control the applied voltage.
- These applied voltages are automatically adjusted by the controller 32 based on the amount of current detected by the diaphragm electrode 31.
- the detected current amount, the current V0, V1, V2 voltage, or the pressure in the electron gun may be displayed on the display 36, and the user may adjust the voltage to an arbitrary voltage using the operation unit 37.
- the flushing of the electron source 1 is performed by energizing and heating the electron source 1 with a flushing power supply 38.
- the flushing may be performed automatically by the controller 32 based on the amount of current or the elapsed time, or may be manually performed by the user using the operation unit 37 by displaying these on the display 36.
- the degree of vacuum of the electron gun can be improved by suppressing the generation of ESD gas due to reflected electrons at the shielding electrode and securing the evacuation path to improve the conductance.
- a charged particle beam apparatus with stable emission current can be provided.
- FIG. 33 shows the time change of the emission current from the electron source used in the electron microscope according to this example.
- the shielding effect can be obtained by forming a similar potential distribution with respect to the reflected electrons above the extraction electrode 6 even in other shapes.
- it may be an axially symmetric hexagon arranged so as to surround the central axis of the electron beam 7 as shown in FIG. 34, or may be another polygon such as a triangle or a rectangle.
- a more uniform polygonal electric field distribution is formed as the number of polygons increases, and a force of an equal magnitude is applied to the reflected electrons reflected in any direction.
- this configuration has been described for a field emission electron gun, the same configuration can be applied to a Schottky electron gun, a hot cathode electron gun, and the like.
- the present configuration can also be applied to an ion gun that emits ions by applying a positive voltage to a similar electron source.
- the SEM has been described as an application example of the electron gun.
- other charged particle beam devices such as a charged particle beam device such as a transmission electron microscope or an electron beam drawing device can be similarly mounted.
- the present embodiment by using a cylindrical shield electrode whose upper and lower ends are opened to the first vacuum chamber, the progress of the reflected charged particles is shielded and a sufficient exhaust path around the charged particle source is secured. By doing so, it is possible to provide a charged particle beam apparatus capable of improving the degree of vacuum around the charged particle source and obtaining a stable emission current.
- the influence of the shielding electrode on the electric field concentration at the charged particle source tip is reduced. I can do it.
- the conductance of the exhaust can be increased, and the vacuum around the charged particle source can be increased.
- the degree can be increased.
- FIGS. 11 to 15 and FIGS. 36 to 38 a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 to 15 and FIGS. 36 to 38.
- an electron gun will be described in which the shielding electrode has a cylindrical structure having a length in the axial direction.
- This configuration is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, but the shielding electrode 22 has a cylindrical structure having a length in the axial direction. Since the electric field distribution spreads more widely, there is an advantage that the shielding effect of reflected electrons is enhanced.
- FIG. 11 shows the overall configuration of the electron gun of the second embodiment.
- the configuration is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, and the modified examples and usage examples of the configuration described in the first embodiment and the mounting method to the charged particle beam apparatus are all applicable to this embodiment.
- the shielding electrode 22 has a cylindrical structure having a length in the axial direction, is held by a support rod 23, and applies a shielding voltage V2 from a shielding power source 24.
- FIG. 36 shows a perspective view of a cylindrical shield electrode. Since the shielding electrode 22 has a cylindrical structure and is long in the axial direction, the electric field distribution spreads over a wider range. A heater 39 is attached to the shield electrode 22 and a temperature rising degassing method is performed by heating in advance in a vacuum. The electron impact method has the same effect. For the extraction electrode 6, a protrusion 49 or a convex extraction electrode 50 may be used in order to easily concentrate the electric field at the tip of the electron source.
- FIG. 12 shows the trajectories of a plurality of reflected electrons in the condition of 0 ⁇ V2 ⁇ V1 in Example 1.
- the ring-shaped shielding electrode can shield the reflected electrons approaching the shielding electrode 22 indicated by the reflected electrons 12 in FIG. 12, but against the reflected electrons at positions away from the shielding electrodes indicated by the reflected electrons 12 ′ and 12 ′′. Has little impact and is difficult to shield. The same applies to other application conditions of V2. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11, the shielding electrode has a length in the axial direction, so that the electric field distribution spreads over a wider range, and reflected electrons in various positions, directions, or energies can be shielded.
- the number of reflected electrons that can be shielded at this time is proportional to the solid angle covered by the shielding electrode viewed from the irradiation region of the electron beam. Therefore, the shielding effect increases as the axial length of the cylinder of the shielding electrode 22 increases. Further, the shielding electrode may be inclined with respect to the central axis of the electron beam. However, the longer the cylinder, the more the evacuation path around the electron source is blocked and the conductance deteriorates.
- the cylindrical shield electrode 22 is separated from the extraction electrode 6 and the electron source support 2 and the insulator 3 at the top thereof, and both the upper and lower portions of the cylindrical shield electrode, or An evacuation path is ensured by opening at least one and providing a space. Thereby, a large conductance can be ensured.
- the shielding electrode 22 is not arranged in the horizontal direction with the tip of the electron source 1,
- the pump 5 may be arranged in a straight line at a horizontal position.
- a storage type pump such as a non-evaporable getter pump or a titanium sublimation pump may be used instead of the ion pump.
- the reflected electrons directed in the horizontal direction as indicated by the reflected electrons 12 ′′ in FIG. 12 are difficult to shield. Therefore, it is more effective to provide a projection 49 on the extraction electrode to block the reflected electron trajectory. is there.
- FIG. 13 shows a typical electric field distribution when a voltage is applied under the condition of V2 ⁇ 0. Similar to the first embodiment, repulsive force acts on the reflected electrons 12 approaching the shielding electrode 22 and pushes them back to the extraction electrode 6. Since the shielding electrode 22 is cylindrical, the electric field distribution is widened, and the space where repulsive force is applied to the reflected electrons is also widened. Therefore, there is also a shielding effect against a larger number of reflected electrons such as upward reflected electrons as indicated by the reflected electrons 12 '.
- FIG. 14 shows a typical electric field distribution when the shielding voltage V2 is set to 0 ⁇ V2 ⁇ V1.
- This application condition is also common to V2 ⁇ 0 in that a repulsive force is applied to the reflected electrons 12, and there is an advantage that the electric field can be more easily concentrated on the tip of the electron source 1.
- the shielding electrode 22 since the shielding electrode becomes a cylinder and its area is widened, more reflected electrons can be captured. Since the shield electrode 22 has been subjected to the temperature rising degassing method in advance, the ESD gas generated by impact at this time is minimal.
- FIG. 15 shows a typical electric field distribution when the shielding voltage V2 is set to V1 ⁇ V2. Under this condition, it becomes easier to concentrate the electric field on the electron source 1 than the conventional condition of V2 ⁇ V1. Since the shielding electrode has a cylindrical structure, an attractive force is applied to the reflected electrons 12 approaching the shielding electrode 22 in a wider range, and many reflected electrons can be captured. Since the shield electrode 22 has been subjected to a temperature rising degassing method in advance, ESD gas generated by impact can be minimized.
- the arrangement position of the shielding electrode is the same as in the first embodiment. Since the electric field distribution is represented by superposition of minute charges, even if the shape of the shielding electrode changes, the same effect can be obtained if a part of the shielding electrode is arranged in the space shown in the first embodiment.
- the shape of the shielding electrode is not limited to the cylindrical structure, and may be a hexagonal cylinder shown in FIG. 37, or a triangular or quadrangular cylinder. A more uniform polygonal electric field distribution is formed as the number of polygons increases, and a force of an equal magnitude is applied to the reflected electrons reflected in any direction. In practice, a hexagon or more is desirable. Further, as shown in FIG. 38, a plurality of electrodes having an arbitrary shape may be arranged. In this case, an arbitrary electric field distribution can be created by applying a voltage to each electrode independently.
- the present embodiment by having a cylindrical shield electrode having both ends opened, it is possible to prevent the reflected charged particles from spreading into the charged particle gun and to ensure a sufficient exhaust path around the charged particle source.
- a charged particle beam apparatus having a charged particle gun that can improve the degree of vacuum around the charged particle source and obtain a stable emission current.
- the shielding electrode by forming the shielding electrode into a cylindrical structure having a length in the axial direction, it is possible to provide a charged particle beam apparatus having a high shielding effect against a wider range of reflected charged particles.
- Embodiment 2 has an opening on its side surface.
- this configuration has a feature that a large number of reflected electrons can be shielded by widening the electric field distribution, and that the evacuation conductance can be increased by providing an opening.
- FIG. 16 shows the overall configuration of the electron gun of the third embodiment.
- the configuration is almost the same as that in the first and second embodiments, and the conditions, modifications, usage examples, and mounting methods in the charged particle beam apparatus described in the first and second embodiments all apply to this embodiment.
- the shielding electrode 22 has a cylindrical structure and has an opening 40 on the side surface.
- FIG. 39 shows a perspective view of a cylindrical shield electrode having an opening.
- the shield electrode 22 is held by a support rod 23, and a shield voltage V2 is applied by a shield power source 24.
- Heating means such as a heater 39 for temperature rising degassing is attached to the shield electrode 22.
- a convex extraction electrode 50 provided with a projection 49 for concentrating the electric field at the tip of the electron source 1 was used.
- the structure of the extraction electrode may be any of those described with reference to FIGS.
- the convex extraction electrode 50 When the convex extraction electrode 50 is used, reflected electrons are bent toward the vicinity of the side surface of the convex extraction electrode by extending the shielding electrode 22 below the horizontal height of the surface of the convex extraction electrode 50. As a result, a force is applied by the electric field distribution, and it is easy to shield.
- the shielding electrode 22 Since the shielding electrode 22 has a cylindrical structure and is long in the axial direction, the range of the electric field distribution becomes wide as in the second embodiment, and the reflected electrons 12 are effectively shielded.
- Example 2 when the cylinder was lengthened in order to enhance the shielding effect, the evacuation path around the electron source narrowed and the conductance deteriorated. While shielding, an evacuation path is also secured and conductance is improved. For example, even if the shielding electrode is arranged in the horizontal direction of the electron source 1, the conductance can be maintained. The electric field distribution in the vicinity of the opening becomes non-uniform depending on the shape of the opening, but as the distance from the shielding electrode increases, the electric field distribution becomes uniform as in the case where there is no opening. Therefore, the force applied to the reflected electrons is not affected as in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 17 shows a typical electric field distribution when a voltage is applied under the condition of V2 ⁇ 0.
- the electric field distribution in the vicinity of the opening 40 becomes slightly non-uniform, but becomes uniform as the distance increases, and repulsive electrons 12 are repelled and shielded.
- FIG. 18 shows a typical electric field distribution when the shielding voltage V2 is 0 ⁇ V2 ⁇ V1.
- a part of the reflected electrons 12 collides with the shielding electrode 22.
- the opening 40 is provided in the shielding electrode 22
- the probability (shielding rate) of shielding the reflected electrons is improved.
- the reflected electrons 12 are captured by providing a projection 41 in the opening 39.
- the shielding ratio can be further increased by inclining the protrusion 41 based on the locus of the reflected electrons 12 obtained by calculation.
- two or more shielding electrodes 22 and 22 ′ are provided in a nested manner, and the position of each opening 40 is shifted according to the locus of the reflected electrons 12.
- the reflected electrons 12 that have passed through the inner shielding electrode 22 are captured by the outer shielding electrode 22 ', and the shielding rate is increased.
- the shielding rate can also be increased by electrically insulating each of the plurality of shielding electrodes and independently changing each applied voltage.
- the shielding factor can be increased by changing the potential distribution in the shielding electrode.
- the electrode structures for increasing the shielding rate shown in FIGS. 19-21 can be used in combination.
- FIG. 22 shows a typical electric field distribution when the shielding voltage V2 is set to V1 ⁇ V2. Under this application condition, an attractive force is applied to the reflected electrons 12 and is drawn into and captured by the shielding electrode 22. In this case as well, some electrons may pass through the opening 40 as indicated by the reflected electrons 12 '. Therefore, the shielding rate is further increased by applying the structure of the shielding electrode shown in FIGS. 19 to 21 even under this voltage condition.
- the opening 40 is at least one circular hole, but the shape and size of other holes may be used.
- the larger the total area of the opening 40 the wider the path for exhausting around the electron source 1, and the conductance becomes larger. improves.
- a vacuum exhaust path can be secured and the conductance is further improved.
- the conductance increases as the area of the opening increases with respect to the total area of the shielding electrode, but the electric field generated by the electrode tends to be non-uniform, and the number of surfaces that physically block electrons decreases, resulting in a trade-off that reduces the shielding rate. Become a relationship.
- FIG. 24 shows a configuration of an electron gun when a mesh-like shielding electrode 43 is used as an example.
- the mesh-shaped shielding electrode 43 is held and arranged by the support rod 23. Under the application condition of V2 ⁇ 0, repulsive force is applied to the reflected electrons 12, and the reflected electrons do not reach the shielding electrode and can be easily suppressed to the inside. Therefore, this mesh-shaped shielding electrode is particularly effective.
- the conductance around the electron source is also improved in this embodiment. Therefore, when an ultrahigh vacuum pump such as a non-evaporable getter pump or a titanium sublimation pump is used in addition to the ion pump.
- the degree of vacuum around the electron source can be improved by fully utilizing their exhaust capabilities. For example, as shown in FIG. 40, the non-evaporable getter pump 51 is coated on the surface of the shielding electrode 22, or the non-evaporable getter pump 51 ′ is disposed at an arbitrary position inside the vacuum vessel 4, thereby further increasing the exhaust capacity. The degree of vacuum can be improved.
- the shape of the shielding electrode is not limited to a cylindrical structure, but may be one in which an opening is provided on the side of a polygonal tube as in Example 2, or one in which an opening is provided on the side of a plurality of arbitrarily shaped electrodes. Conductance is improved by the opening.
- the reflected charged particles are prevented from spreading into the charged particle gun, and an exhaust path around the charged particle source is sufficiently provided.
- a charged particle beam apparatus having a charged particle gun that improves the degree of vacuum around the charged particle source and obtains a stable emission current.
- the shielding electrode into a cylindrical structure having a length in the axial direction, it is possible to provide a charged particle beam apparatus having a high shielding effect against a wider range of reflected charged particles.
- the lower end of the shield electrode can be arranged closer to the extraction electrode than the charged particle source without deteriorating the conductance of the vacuum exhaust, and a wider range. It is possible to provide a charged particle beam device having a high shielding effect against the reflected charged particles.
- the cylindrical shield electrode by providing a protrusion in the opening provided on the side wall of the cylindrical shield electrode, it is possible to provide a charged particle beam device having a high shielding effect against the reflected charged particles. Also, it is possible to provide a charged particle beam apparatus having a high shielding effect against reflected charged particles by providing a plurality of cylindrical shielding electrodes in a nested manner and shifting the opening position according to the locus of each reflected charged particle. it can. Further, by providing the cylindrical shield electrode with a taper with respect to the central axis, it is possible to provide a charged particle beam apparatus having a high shielding effect against the reflected charged particles. Further, by using a shielding electrode having a mesh-like cylindrical structure, it is possible to provide a charged particle beam apparatus with higher evacuation conductance.
- FIG. 25 an electron gun having a simplified structure in which a supporting portion of an electron source and a shielding electrode are electrically connected and a power source is omitted will be described.
- FIG. 25 shows the overall configuration of the electron gun of the fourth embodiment.
- the configuration of the electron gun is almost the same as that of the first to third embodiments, and the modified examples and usage examples of the configuration described in the first to third embodiments and the mounting method to the charged particle beam apparatus are all applicable to this embodiment.
- a cylindrical shield electrode 22 having an opening 40 in the axial direction is integrated with the support 2 of the electron source 1 and held by the insulator 3.
- the electron source 1 and the shield electrode 22 are electrically connected to have the same potential, and there is an advantage that a shield power source and a terminal for applying a voltage to the shield electrode are not necessary. Therefore, the configuration can be simplified.
- a heater 39 is attached to the shield electrode 22 and a temperature rising degassing method is performed.
- the convex extraction electrode 50 described in FIG. 5 is used as the extraction electrode, the planar extraction electrode 6 and the protrusion 49 described in FIG. 4 may be used.
- FIG. 26 shows the electric field distribution formed by the shield electrode 22 of this configuration.
- this configuration has a structure in which the upper part of the electron source is covered with the shield electrode by integrating the support portion and the shield electrode. There is an advantage that the reflected electrons can be shielded upward.
- the repulsive electrons applied to the shield electrode 22 are repelled and collide with the extraction electrode again. Since the electron source and the shielding electrode have the same potential, a small number of high-energy reflected electrons collide with the shielding electrode. Since the extraction electrode and the shield electrode are preliminarily subjected to the temperature rising degassing method, the ESD gas generated by the collision is minimized.
- the mesh-shaped shielding electrode 43 described with reference to FIG. 23 is effective for the shielding electrode 22, and the conductance can be increased by using this. Further, by providing the shielding electrode described with reference to FIGS. 19 to 21 with a taper, a protrusion, or a multilayer structure, the electric field distribution in the shielding electrode can be arbitrarily changed, and the reflected electrons can be more easily confined inside. Further, the shield electrode 22 may not have the opening 40. In this case, since conductance deteriorates, a sufficient space is provided between the shielding electrode 22 and the extraction electrode to ensure an exhaust path.
- the cylindrical shielding electrode having a plurality of openings on the side surface, it is possible to prevent the reflected charged particles from spreading into the charged particle gun and to provide a sufficient exhaust path around the charged particle source.
- a charged particle beam apparatus having a charged particle gun that improves the degree of vacuum around the charged particle source and obtains a stable emission current.
- the charged particle beam apparatus which can shield the reflected charged particle which goes upwards by the structure which the support part and shielding electrode of the charged particle source were integrated can be provided.
- a terminal for applying a voltage to the shielding power source and the shielding electrode becomes unnecessary, and a charged particle beam apparatus having a simple device configuration can be provided. .
- FIGS. 1-10 an electron gun having a simplified structure in which an extraction electrode and a shielding electrode having a cylindrical structure having a plurality of openings on a side surface are electrically connected and a power source is omitted will be described.
- FIG. 27 shows the overall configuration of the electron gun of the fifth embodiment.
- the configuration of the electron gun is almost the same as that of the first to third embodiments, and the modified examples and usage examples of the configuration described in the first to third embodiments and the mounting method to the charged particle beam apparatus are all applicable to this embodiment.
- the shield electrode 22 having a cylindrical structure having an opening 40 and having a length in the axial direction is connected to the extraction electrode 6.
- the potentials of the extraction electrode 6 and the shield electrode 22 are the same, and there is an advantage that a shield power source, a terminal, and a support rod for the shield electrode 22 are not required.
- the shield electrode 22 is degassed by a heater 39 in advance. By using a material having high thermal conductivity such as copper for the shielding electrode 22, the temperature rising degassing method can be performed on the shielding electrode 22 even with only the heater 13.
- FIG. 29 shows an example when the structure of the shielding electrode is changed.
- Tapered shield electrodes 42 and 42 ' are used as the shield electrodes, and a double structure is formed.
- the openings 40 of the respective electrodes are interchanged, and a protrusion 41 is provided. These changes improve the shielding rate.
- a receiving electrode 44 having the same potential as that of the electron source 1, the reflected electrons going upward are pressed inward.
- the size and shape of these electrode structures are optimized by calculating the electric field distribution inside the shield electrode and the trajectory of the reflected electrons.
- the shield electrode 22 may not have the opening 40. In this case, since the conductance deteriorates, the space between the shielding electrode 22 and the upper part is sufficiently opened to secure an exhaust path.
- a charged particle beam apparatus having a charged particle gun capable of improving the degree of vacuum around the charged particle source and obtaining a stable emission current can be provided. Further, by electrically connecting the shield electrode and the extraction electrode, a shield power source, a terminal, and a support rod for the shield electrode become unnecessary, and a charged particle beam device having a simple device configuration can be provided. Moreover, the charged particle beam apparatus which can suppress the reflected electron which goes upwards inside can be provided by arrange
- Embodiments 1 to 5 a sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- This embodiment will describe an electron gun characterized in that in the configuration of Embodiments 1 to 5, an electron source is irradiated with a laser to apply heat or an electric field.
- FIG. 30 shows the overall configuration of the electron gun of the sixth embodiment.
- the structure of the shield electrode used was that of Example 3, but the other shield electrode structures used in Examples 1 to 5 can also be used.
- the view port 45 is provided in the vacuum vessel 4, and the laser light 47 emitted from the laser light source 46 is collected by the condenser lens 48, introduced into the vacuum vessel 4 through the view port 45, and further the shielding electrode 22.
- the electron source 1 is irradiated through the opening 40.
- the electron source is surrounded by cup-shaped electrodes and the like, and the electron source cannot be seen directly from the outside of the electron gun through a window such as a viewport.
- the shielding electrodes shown in the first to fifth embodiments the electron source can be directly seen from the outside, and the laser can be irradiated to the electron source.
- flushing for desorbing and cleaning the adsorbed gas on the surface of the electron source is performed using the focused laser beam 47.
- the electron source itself was energized and the entire electron source was heated by Joule heat.
- laser light only the tip of the electron source can be heated, and the electron source generated by the entire heating of the flashing can be heated. Deformation and axial deviation can be eliminated.
- a semiconductor laser is suitable as the laser.
- the electron source can be cleaned by performing field evaporation while assisting with laser light.
- a positive high voltage is applied to the electron source 1 while irradiating the focused laser beam 47 on the electron source 1.
- an electric field by laser light is applied to the tip of the electron source, and field evaporation can be performed at a lower voltage than in the past.
- the focused laser 47 is applied to the electron source 1, and an extraction voltage is applied to concentrate the electric field on the tip of the electron source.
- an electric field generated by the laser is applied to the tip of the electron source, and the electron beam 7 can be obtained with a lower extraction voltage than in the past.
- a pulsed electron beam synchronized with the laser is obtained by applying a lower extraction voltage to the electron source, which emits electrons, and irradiating the electron source with a pulse having an electric field sufficient for electron emission. be able to.
- the laser light source 46 and the lens 48 may be installed inside the vacuum vessel 4. Further, the required shape and number of lenses differ depending on the laser intensity, monochromaticity, and condensing diameter, and one or more lenses may be omitted. Moreover, this structure is applicable not only to a laser but also to a directional energy source.
- the electron beam was emitted with an electron microscope having a cylindrical shielding electrode having an opening on the side surface. Furthermore, a more stable emission current could be obtained.
- the cylindrical shielding electrode having a plurality of openings on the side surface, it is possible to prevent the reflected charged particles from spreading into the charged particle gun and to provide a sufficient exhaust path around the charged particle source.
- a charged particle beam apparatus having a charged particle gun that improves the degree of vacuum around the charged particle source and obtains a stable emission current.
- a directional energy source for applying heat or an electric field to the tip of the charged particle source, it is possible to provide a charged particle beam apparatus that can obtain a charged particle beam with a low extraction voltage.
- the configurations described in Examples 1 to 6 may be used for other charged particle beam apparatuses such as a scanning transmission electron microscope and a mirror projection microscope.
- the electron source used in these configurations may be tungsten, LaB6, other materials of carbon nanotubes, or a crystal plane other than ⁇ 310>, ⁇ 111>, and ⁇ 100>.
- the distance between the electron source and the extraction electrode may be 1 mm or less, and the structure of the extraction electrode may be a dish shape as shown in FIG.
- the material of the extraction electrode and shielding electrode, or the coating material on the surface thereof, is made of a material that generates less ESD gas such as titanium nitride and beryllium copper, in addition to gold, silver, copper, aluminum, titanium and alloys thereof. It may be used.
- the surface of the extraction electrode and the shielding electrode is coated with a getter material such as a non-evaporable getter, thereby increasing the vacuum exhaust capability in the electron gun.
- the shield electrode 22 is extended below the horizontal height of the upper surface of the convex lead electrode 50, thereby reflecting. A force is applied to the reflected electrons that are bent by the electrode toward the vicinity of the side surface of the convex extraction electrode due to the electric field distribution, and the shielding effect is enhanced. Also, as shown in FIG. 16, when the extraction electrode is provided with the protrusion 49, the same effect can be obtained by extending the shielding electrode 22 to a position below the horizontal height of the upper surface of the protrusion 49.
- the shape of the shielding electrode can be arbitrarily changed.
- the conductance can be further increased.
- the extraction electrode can be changed to any configuration based on suppression of reflected electrons and improvement of conductance, such as a protrusion 49 provided on the concave extraction electrode 52.
- SYMBOLS 1 Electron source, 2 ... Support part, 3 ... Insulator, 4 ... Vacuum container, 5 ... Ion pump, 6 ... Extraction electrode, 7 ... Electron beam, 8 ... Aperture, 9 ... Second vacuum chamber, 10 ... Probe current, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Electron impact desorption gas, 12 ... Reflection electron, 13 ... Heater, 14 ... Cup type extraction electrode, 15 ... Equipotential line, 16 ... 1st vacuum chamber, 17 ... Ion pump, 18 ... Terminal, 19 ... Acceleration power supply , 20 ... terminal, 21 ... extraction power supply, 22 ... shield electrode, 23 ... support rod, 24 ...
- shield power supply 25 ... acceleration electrode, 26 ... ion pump, 27 ... third vacuum chamber, 28 ... objective lens, 29 ... turbo Molecular pump, 30 ... sample chamber, 31 ... throttle electrode, 32 ... controller, 33 ... sample stage, 34 ... sample, 35 ... detector, 36 ... display, 37 ... operator, 38 ... flashing power supply, 39 ... heater , 40 ... opening, 41 ... projection, 42 ... tape Shielding electrode, 43 ... Mesh-like shielding electrode, 44 ... Welcome electrode, 45 ... Viewport, 46 ... Laser light source, 47 ... Laser light, 48 ... Condensing lens, 49 ... Projection, 50 ... Convex extraction electrode, 51 ... Non-evaporable getter pump, 52 concave extraction electrode.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
- 荷電粒子源と、前記荷電粒子源から荷電粒子を引出す引出電極と、前記引出電極により引出された荷電粒子が照射される試料を保持する試料保持手段と、引出された前記荷電粒子を前記試料保持手段に保持された試料に照射する荷電粒子光学系と、前記荷電粒子源が配置された第1の真空室を排気する第1の排気手段と、前記第1の真空室と接続された第2の真空室を排気する、前記第1の排気手段とは独立した第2の排気手段とを有する荷電粒子線装置において、
前記荷電粒子源を取り囲むように配置され、前記引出電極からの反射荷電粒子の進行を遮蔽する、筒構造の遮蔽電極を更に有し、
前記筒構造の遮蔽電極の筒上端及び下端は前記第1の真空室内に開放されていることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項1記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記遮蔽電極は、前記荷電粒子源の先端と前記引出電極までの最短距離よりも離れて配置されていることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項1記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記引出電極は、前記荷電粒子源の先端と前記引出電極までの最短距離よりも小さな突起部を有することを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項1記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記引出電極は、凸型引出電極であることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項1記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記荷電粒子源の先端の高さが、前記第1の排気手段の開口部の高さ方向の範囲内に配置されていることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項1記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記第1の排気手段は、溜め込み型ポンプであることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項6記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記溜め込み型ポンプは、非蒸発ゲッターポンプ又はチタンサブリメーションポンプであることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 荷電粒子源と、前記荷電粒子源から荷電粒子を引出す引出電極と、前記引出電極により引出された荷電粒子が照射される試料を保持する試料保持手段と、引出された前記荷電粒子を前記試料保持手段に保持された試料に照射する荷電粒子光学系と、前記荷電粒子源が配置された第1の真空室を排気する第1の排気手段と、前記第1の真空室に接続された第2の真空室を排気する、前記第1の排気手段とは独立した第2の排気手段とを有する荷電粒子線装置において、
前記荷電粒子源を取り囲むように配置され、前記引出電極からの反射荷電粒子の進行を遮蔽する、筒構造の遮蔽電極を更に有し、
前記筒構造の遮蔽電極の筒側面には少なくとも1つ以上の開口部が設けられていることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項8記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記遮蔽電極は、前記荷電粒子源の先端と前記引出電極までの最短距離よりも離れて配置されていることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項8記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記筒側面に設けられた複数の前記開口部は、前記筒の外側に向かう突起を備えていることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項8記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記遮蔽電極は、入れ子状に複数配置され、
それぞれの遮蔽電極に設けられた開口部は、前記反射荷電粒子の軌跡に応じて重ならないように互いにずらした位置に配置されていることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項8記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記遮蔽電極の側面は、その中心軸に対して傾きを持つことを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項8記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記遮蔽電極は、メッシュ構造であることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項8記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記遮蔽電極、前記荷電粒子源、及び前記引出電極へそれぞれ独立して電圧を印加することのできる電源が設置されていることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項8記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記遮蔽電極へ電圧を印加する電源は、前記荷電粒子源へ電圧を印加する電源と共通であることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項8記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記遮蔽電極へ電圧を印加する電源は、前記引出電極へ電圧を印加する電源と共通であることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項8記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記遮蔽電極の上方へ、前記反射荷電粒子を押さえ込む迎え電極を更に有することを特徴とすることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項8記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記荷電粒子源先端に熱又は電界を与える指向性エネルギー源を更に有することを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項8記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記指向性エネルギー源は、半導体レーザであることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項8記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記遮蔽電極を加熱する手段を更に有することを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。
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US8426835B2 (en) | 2013-04-23 |
DE112010002551T5 (de) | 2012-08-30 |
US20120085925A1 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
JP5406293B2 (ja) | 2014-02-05 |
DE112010002551B4 (de) | 2019-10-31 |
JPWO2010146833A1 (ja) | 2012-11-29 |
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