WO2010134373A1 - メタボリックシンドロームの予防剤及び/又は治療剤 - Google Patents
メタボリックシンドロームの予防剤及び/又は治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
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- A23V2200/30—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health
- A23V2200/328—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health having effect on glycaemic control and diabetes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a preventive and / or therapeutic agent for metabolic syndrome comprising a citrus citrus extract as an active ingredient, a pharmaceutical preparation for preventing and / or treating metabolic syndrome containing the extract, and prevention of metabolic syndrome Relates to functional foods and health foods.
- Type 1 is a pathological condition in which the secretion of insulin, which is a hormone that should keep blood sugar levels normal, mainly due to genetic factors is completely lost, accounting for 5 to 10% of Japanese diabetic patients.
- Type 2 is a pathological condition (insulin resistance) in which the sensitivity of insulin is mainly lost after acquisition, and there are cases in which Japanese patients are accompanied by a decrease in insulin secretion. Diabetes induced by metabolic syndrome accounts for 90-95% of diabetic patients and falls into type 2.
- fat cell hypertrophy is associated with lipid abnormalities.
- blood total cholesterol hereinafter referred to as “T-CHO”
- TG neutral fat
- the blood LDL cholesterol level is one of the indices.
- LDL cholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia develops, it is known that the risk of suffering from cardiovascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis is increased.
- Statins and fibrates are used to treat these lipid abnormalities.
- Citrus classification is Tanaka's taxonomy (Tanaka, T., Misunderstanding with regards Citrus classification and nomenclature. Bull. Univ. Osaka Pref. Ser. B, 21, 139-145 (1969), 1).
- Patent Document 2 WO 1999/056768 A2 (hereinafter referred to as Patent Document 2), a method for evaluating the action of a substance using an expression level change of a gene expressed in adipose tissue or adipocyte as an index is known. For example, it has been reported that GDF-8 inhibitors promote the expression of GLUT4 in cultured adipocytes and that the substances are useful for the treatment of diabetes.
- Patent Document 3 polymethoxyflavonoids
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-240539
- nobiletin which is one of the PMFs
- Shikuwasha Shikuwasha
- Patent Document 5 when the hamster is fed with only fructose and when the fructose added with edible tangerine or citrus PMF composition is fed, It has been reported that it has declined.
- Dietary restriction and moderate exercise are important for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. This is because the sugar in the blood that was not taken up and consumed by the muscles is stored in the adipose tissue, and the fat cells that have become enlarged secrete neutral fats that cause circulatory complications. It is done to cut off. That is, it is necessary to suppress the excessive intake of the sugar supply source and to consume the consumed sugar content in order to increase the therapeutic effect. Here, it is necessary to carefully control the supply source of sugar, that is, the amount of food intake so as not to cause hypoglycemia, osteoporosis and the like.
- the present invention has been completed under the above circumstances.
- the inventors of the present invention screened for components that are effective in the treatment of metabolic syndrome, taking into account the safety and side effects, taking into account the complex mechanisms that link visceral fat obesity, hyperglycemia, and lipid abnormalities.
- the method has been developed.
- a composition effective for the treatment of metabolic syndrome can be screened, and by performing this screening,
- the present invention has been completed by discovering that the fraction of citrus extract characterized by its effect on the sugar transporter gene has a remarkable effect that has not been known so far.
- the first aspect of the present invention is a screening method for a substance for treating metabolic syndrome exhibiting visceral fat-type obesity, hyperglycemia, and lipid abnormality, comprising the following steps (1) to (3).
- a non-human mammal constituting a test substance administration group in which a test substance is administered in a predetermined amount for a predetermined period, and a test in which the test substance is not administered in the predetermined amount for the predetermined period An extraction step of extracting the total RNA fraction from each collected skeletal muscle from the non-human mammals constituting the substance non-administration group, and (2) included in each total RNA fraction extracted in the extraction step
- a step of determining an effect on the metabolic syndrome by comparatively analyzing the amount of weight gain, food intake, and expression level of RNA encoding the sugar transporter gene during a predetermined period between groups.
- the sugar transporter gene to be quantified in the above step (2) is preferably mouse GLUT4 and its homologue.
- the predetermined method includes a step of synthesizing cDNA from RNA encoding the sugar transporter gene using reverse transcriptase, and amplifying the cDNA using the transporter gene-specific primer as a template.
- a reagent selected from the group consisting of a fluorescence-labeled nucleic acid, an isotope-labeled nucleic acid, and a nucleic acid stain, quantifying an amplification product by a detection method according to the reagent, and the sugar transporter gene It is further preferable to comprise a step of determining the expression level of the encoded RNA.
- the step of quantifying the expression level of RNA encoding the sugar transporter gene by a predetermined method may be used. .
- the step of quantifying the expression level of the sugar transporter protein encoded by the gene by a predetermined method may be used. .
- the predetermined method for quantifying the expression level of the protein includes the step of measuring the expression level of the sugar transporter protein by any method selected from the group consisting of Western blotting, ELISA, and immunostaining, and its expression
- the method comprises the step of determining the amount.
- the method that depends on the expression level of the RNA and the method that depends on the expression level of the protein can be used in combination, and both can be used for the comparative analysis.
- the test substance includes a compound and a composition.
- the second aspect of the present invention is a reagent kit for carrying out the screening method.
- the reagent kit preferably comprises a reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that amplifies DNA using cDNA as a template, and a sugar transporter gene-specific primer.
- the reagent kit preferably further comprises a nucleic acid stain.
- a third aspect of the present invention is a composition for treating metabolic syndrome exhibiting visceral fat obesity, hyperglycemia, and lipid abnormalities before the onset of diabetes, comprising 70-100% by weight of nobiletin in the dry weight (Acrumen (VII) section) containing a citrus peel extract, and orally administered at a dose of 5 to 200 mg / kg per day in terms of dry weight of the peel extract, the following actions or characteristics ( A composition comprising 1) to (4).
- the Acrumen (VII) section citrus is preferably a sequel: Citrus depressa, the nobiletin is preferably 95 to 100% by weight in the dry weight, and the dose per day It is preferably 10 to 100 mg / kg, and further includes (5) an action for promoting the reduction of adipocytes in visceral white adipose tissue; (6) an action for improving glucose tolerance; preferable.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is a composition for preventing and / or treating metabolic syndrome exhibiting visceral fat obesity, hyperglycemia, and lipid abnormalities, comprising 45 to 55% by weight of nobiletin and 45 to 45% by dry weight.
- a citrus peel extract fraction containing 55% by weight of tangerine (Acrumen (VII) section) containing 0.5 to 8.0 g / body / day in terms of dry weight of the peel extract.
- a composition having the following actions or characteristics (1) to (4).
- the Acrumen (VII) section citrus is preferably a sequwacer: Citrus depressa, and the dose is preferably 1.0 to 6.0 g / body / day, It is preferable to further include (5) an action of promoting the reduction of adipocytes in visceral white adipose tissue; and (6) an action of improving leptin resistance.
- the fifth aspect of the present invention is a functional food containing the above-described metabolic syndrome therapeutic composition.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention is a health food containing the above-described metabolic syndrome therapeutic composition.
- a seventh aspect of the present invention is a pharmaceutical preparation containing the above-described metabolic syndrome therapeutic composition.
- a substance having the following action or characteristic, or a composition containing the substance can be selected; (1) Increase in weight gain without affecting food intake (2) An action of promoting the expression of a sugar transporter gene such as mouse GLUT4 in skeletal muscle tissue or skeletal muscle cells.
- a sugar transporter gene such as mouse GLUT4 in skeletal muscle tissue or skeletal muscle cells.
- the composition containing nobiletin of the present invention it has an anti-obesity effect, has an effect such as hyperglycemia treatment, and does not prevent improvement of lipid abnormalities, and thus prevents and / or treats metabolic syndrome Pharmaceutical preparations, functional foods, or health foods.
- composition containing nobiletin and tangelitin of the present invention it has an anti-obesity effect, has an effect of treating lipid abnormalities, etc., and does not prevent improvement of hyperglycemia, and /
- a therapeutic pharmaceutical preparation, a functional food, or a health food can be provided.
- Metabolic syndrome can be prevented and / or treated by a method of administering the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention by a predetermined method.
- prevention and / or treatment promotion of metabolic syndrome can be performed by ingesting the functional food and health food of the present invention.
- Example 3 it is a graph showing the weight of the food intake of the mouse
- Example 3 it is a graph showing the weight of the liver of a mouse
- Example 3 it is a graph showing the blood density
- Example 3 it is a graph showing the blood concentration of the leptin of a mouse
- Example 3 it is the photograph which observed the fat cell of the white adipose tissue of the mouse
- OGTT oral glucose tolerance test
- Example 6 LFD intake group (LFD; comparative example without induction of obesity) in which low-fat diet and solvent administration were performed, and high-fat diet and solvent administration after obesity induction by high-fat diet (HFD) MRNA of the adipocyte-specific transcription factor PPAR ⁇ gene and sugar transporter GLUT4 gene in white adipose tissue of the HFD intake group (HFD) performed and the T200 administration group (HFD + T200) administered high-fat diet + tangelitin It is a graph showing the electrophoretic image photograph which shows expression level, and expression level.
- HFD high-fat diet
- Example 6 it is a graph showing the electrophoretic image photograph and expression level which show the mRNA expression level of the sugar transporter GLUT4 gene in the skeletal muscle of LFD, HFD, and HFD + T200 after the said obesity induction.
- Example 6 and 7 the obesity induction by high fat diet (HFD) and the schedule of nobiletin or tangelitin administration are shown.
- HFD high fat diet
- Example 7 LFD intake group (LFD; comparative example without induction of obesity) in which low fat diet and solvent administration were performed, and high fat diet and solvent administration after obesity induction by high fat diet (HFD) Body weight for 5 weeks of the HFD intake group (HFD) performed, the 10No administration group (HFD + 10No) administered high fat diet + nobiletin, and the 10No administration group (HFD + 100No) administered high fat diet + high concentration nobiletin It is a graph showing the total increase amount. In Example 7, it is a graph showing the average food intake of 5 weeks of LFD, HFD, HFD + 10No, and HFD + 100No.
- Example 7 it is a graph showing the weight of a liver, a kidney, and a white adipose tissue of LFD, HFD, HFD + 10No, and HFD + 100No.
- Example 7 it is a graph showing each blood density
- OGTT oral glucose tolerance test
- Example 7 it is the graph showing the time integral value of the blood glucose concentration curve of the first OGTT of LFD, HFD, HFD + 10No, and HFD + 100No.
- Example 7 it is the photograph which observed the fat cell of the white adipose tissue of LFD. In Example 7, it is the photograph which observed the fat cell of the white adipose tissue of HFD. In Example 7, it is the photograph which observed the fat cell of the white adipose tissue of HFD + 10No. In Example 7, it is the photograph which observed the fat cell of the white adipose tissue of HFD + 100No.
- metabolic syndrome refers to metabolic syndrome exhibiting visceral fat type obesity, hyperglycemia, and abnormal lipid state.
- the anti-obesity effect includes the effect of reducing the enlarged internal fat tissue.
- Any test substance can be used.
- the test substance is preferably mixed with food or dissolved or suspended in a suitable solvent and orally administered to the test subject animal. Further, when the test substance is fat-soluble, it can be administered transdermally to the test subject animal.
- the non-human mammal to be tested by the screening method of the present invention is preferably a rodent (Rodentia), more preferably a laboratory mouse (Mus musculus; hereinafter referred to as mouse).
- the mice are a test substance administration group in which a test substance is administered in a predetermined amount for a predetermined period, and two groups of a test substance non-administration group in which the test substance is not administered in the predetermined amount for the predetermined period, Alternatively, it is desirable to configure a plurality of groups in which predetermined conditions such as dosage and dietary conditions are changed.
- predetermined conditions such as dosage and dietary conditions are changed.
- the body fat percentage may be measured by a method of measuring an electrical resistance value of a test subject animal or a method of measuring a specific gravity.
- a method for measuring the amount of food intake of the present invention it is convenient and preferable to measure the amount of food that is fed by feeding the mouse in a cage.
- GLUT4, GLUT1, GLUT2, AMPK and the like are preferable.
- Metabolic syndrome therapeutics that regulate the expression of these genes in skeletal muscle can improve insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, or hyperglycemia by controlling blood glucose uptake into skeletal muscle tissue can do.
- the reduction of the amount of glucose taken into fat cells suppresses enlargement of fat cells and adipose tissue, and promotes shrinkage of already enlarged fat cells and adipose tissue.
- Lipid abnormalities can be improved by normalizing lipid secretion from adipocytes and adipose tissue thus reduced.
- the metabolic syndrome therapeutic substance promotes the expression of GLUT4, AMPK and other sugar transporter-related genes in skeletal muscle, it can be expected to have an auxiliary effect for patients with metabolic syndrome who require exercise therapy.
- the promotion of the expression of these genes has an effect of preventing a serious transition to diabetes by improving insulin resistance.
- skeletal muscle GLUT4 is particularly preferable in that the substance is highly likely to have an effect of improving the symptoms of hyperglycemia and lipid abnormalities.
- gene expression can be measured by measuring the expression level of mRNA or protein. These measurements can be performed by a known method. It is preferable that the measurement of mRNA includes the following steps. (1) a step of extracting a fraction containing mRNA from a skeletal muscle tissue piece or skeletal muscle cell; (2) a step of synthesizing cDNA from RNA encoding the sugar transporter gene using reverse transcriptase; (3) amplifying the cDNA using the transporter gene-specific primer; (4) a step of quantifying an amplification product using a predetermined reagent by a detection method according to the reagent; and (5) a step of determining the expression level of RNA encoding the sugar transporter gene.
- nucleic acid staining agent SYBR (registered trademark) Green is preferable from the viewpoint of detection efficiency.
- detection method a real-time PCR method is preferable from the viewpoint of accuracy of measurement values.
- the method for determining the expression level is preferably a comparative Ct method using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH) as a standard.
- GPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene
- the protein expression level is measured by extracting a total protein fraction from a skeletal muscle tissue piece or skeletal muscle cell; and Western blotting method and ELISA method for expressing the expression level of the sugar transporter protein in the protein fraction. It is preferable to comprise a step of measuring by other known methods; and a step of determining the expression level.
- the protein expression level may be measured by immunostaining of skeletal muscle tissue or skeletal muscle cells.
- the determination of the effect of the test substance on the metabolic syndrome of the present invention is preferably performed based on the following conditions. That is, under the predetermined condition, compared to the test substance non-administered group, (condition 1) suppresses an increase in body weight or an increase in body weight gain in the test substance administration group; (condition 2) an amount of food intake There is no significant increase or decrease; (Condition 3) It is preferable to promote the expression of mRNA or protein of the sugar transporter gene. In (Condition 1), those having an obesity-inhibiting effect are selected, and in (Condition 2), those accompanied by suppression of the amount of intake that is an indicator of side effects and those that increase the amount of intake that leads to increased obesity are excluded. . Then, in (Condition 3), a substance that promotes the expression of a sugar transporter gene in skeletal muscle that can be expected to be effective in improving hyperglycemia or lipid abnormality as described above is selected.
- the fruit skin can be dried by sunlight or a mechanical dryer, but drying by sunlight is preferable for reducing energy required for drying and preventing component modification.
- an extract obtained by methanol extraction or the like from the dried citrus of the above-cited citrus citrus can be preferably used.
- the extract contains nobiletin represented by the following formula (I) and / or tangeritin represented by the formula (II) in a predetermined ratio.
- a compound group having a skeleton part in common with the above-mentioned nobiletin and tangelitin and having a different number and part of methoxy groups is generally referred to as polymethoxyflavonoid (PMF), so this name is also used in this specification.
- a method for extracting a fraction containing PMF from the plant material described above, roughly purifying this fraction to obtain a fraction containing nobiletin and tangelitin in a predetermined amount, and a method for purifying nobiletin or tangelitin An example is shown.
- the skin obtained from citrus fruits is naturally dried for 3 days in the sun to obtain dried skin.
- This 5-fold volume of solvent is added to a predetermined amount of dried peel and immersion extraction is performed at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period to obtain an extract.
- the extraction solvent for example, methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, water-methanol mixed solution of various mixing ratios, water-ethanol mixed solution and the like can be mentioned.
- the obtained crude extract is filtered to remove solids, and the entire filtrate is concentrated to obtain a concentrated solution.
- An appropriate amount of an appropriate aqueous / organic phase mixture is added to this concentrated liquid, and liquid-liquid partition extraction is performed.
- the partition extraction is performed a plurality of times by changing the composition of the mixed solution.
- the organic phase obtained by partition extraction is concentrated, applied to an open column, and eluted by a step gradient method in which the solvent concentration is increased stepwise, and the desired fraction is obtained from the pericarp extract (hereinafter referred to as “SPE”).
- SPE pericarp extract
- the extract is filtered to remove solids and the entire filtrate is concentrated using a flash evaporator.
- 4 L of water / ethyl acetate (1/1) is added to perform partition extraction.
- 4 L of 90% methanol / n-hexane (1/1) is added to the obtained ethyl acetate phase, and liquid-liquid partition extraction is performed again.
- a part of the 90% methanol phase is concentrated and applied to, for example, an ODS silica gel column (Cosmosil 75C 18 -OPN, 50 mm ⁇ ⁇ 500 mm), and step gradient elution is performed to increase the methanol concentration by 20%.
- a fraction of% -100% methanol is obtained.
- These fractions are dried on a large rotary evaporator and used as an SPE in the composition for preventing and / or treating metabolic syndrome of the present invention.
- a part of the 80% methanol fraction is concentrated, and methanol is added to adjust the solute concentration to 900 mg / ml, followed by preparative column chromatography. For example, fractionation is performed under the following conditions to obtain a desired fraction, and then the content of nobiletin and / or tangelitin in each fraction is quantified.
- the heat drying method is not preferable because it may cause component modification.
- the composition containing nobiletin and / or tangelitin used in the composition for preventing and / or treating metabolic syndrome of the present invention may be obtained by a known method or a method analogous thereto, and a commercially available product may be obtained. May be purchased.
- the composition for preventing and / or treating metabolic syndrome of the present invention preferably controls a metabolic syndrome-related gene.
- the metabolic syndrome-related gene is at least one selected from the group consisting of lipid biosynthesis-related genes, sugar transporter-related genes, gluconeogenesis-related genes, adipokine-related genes, adipocyte-specific transcription factors, and lipid accumulation control-related genes.
- the “regulation” of the metabolic syndrome-related gene refers to a case where expression of the gene is increased, decreased, or maintained.
- Examples of lipid biosynthesis-related genes include aP2, SREBP1c, SCD1, FAS, ACC1, FATP, DGAT1, AGPAT, GPAT and the like.
- controlling the expression of a gene selected from the group consisting of aP2, SREBP1c, SCD1, FAS, ACC1, FATP and DGAT1 suppresses fat cell hypertrophy through suppression of lipid biosynthesis, As a result, it is preferable because hypertrophy of adipose tissue is suppressed and insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, or blood lipid abnormality is improved.
- composition for preventing and / or treating metabolic syndrome of the present invention controls the expression of the mouse GLUT4 in the adipose tissue and the sugar transporter gene which is a homologue thereof, and the blood glucose uptake efficiency into the tissue It is further preferable to control adipose tissue and blood glucose level or blood neutral fat state appropriately.
- Examples of the gluconeogenesis-related gene include PEPCK, G6Pase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, pyruvate carboxylase, and the like, and that suppresses the expression of PEPCK or G6Pase in the liver. It is preferable for improving the insulin resistance of the liver by suppressing the nascent activity.
- Examples of the adipokine-related genes include so-called bad adipokine-related genes such as TNF ⁇ , MCP-1, IL-6, PAI-1, RBP4, Resistin, and Adipsin.
- the production of bad adipokines is suppressed by suppressing the expression of at least one selected from the group consisting of TNF ⁇ , MCP-1, IL-6, and PAI-1, and thereby the secretion of these bad adipokines is suppressed.
- the insulin resistance of the liver can be improved.
- Examples of the adipocyte-specific transcription factor gene include PPAR ⁇ and PDE3B. Among these, when the expression of PPAR ⁇ is promoted, the function of PPAR ⁇ is improved, and as a result, the expression of the adiponectin gene is promoted. As a result, adiponectin production and secretion are promoted. At this time, if the expression of the lipid biosynthesis-related gene by PPAR ⁇ is selectively suppressed, the adipocyte hypertrophy is suppressed and insulin resistance is improved.
- Examples of the lipid accumulation control-related gene include LPL, Perilipin, and PPAR ⁇ . Among these, it is preferable that the expression of LPL or Perilipin is promoted. Thereby, lipid accumulation is suppressed, and as a result of the suppression of fat cell hypertrophy, fat tissue hypertrophy is suppressed. This is because insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, or blood lipid abnormalities are improved.
- the composition for preventing and / or treating metabolic syndrome according to the third aspect of the present invention is preferably the above composition containing 70-100% by weight of nobiletin based on the dry weight of the purified product,
- the daily dose is preferably 5 to 200 mg / kg body weight orally in terms of nobiletin for the following reasons.
- the nobiletin content in the treatment and / or composition is 95 to 100% by weight, and the daily dose is more preferably 10 to 150 mg / kg body weight in terms of nobiletin, preferably 100 mg / kg. More preferably, it is a body weight.
- the composition containing nobiletin within the above range is (1) an action that suppresses an increase in body weight gain without affecting food intake; (2) a mouse in skeletal muscle tissue or skeletal muscle cell GLUT4 and its homologue, the action of promoting the protein expression of the sugar transporter gene; (3) the action of promoting the reduction of enlarged visceral white adipose tissue; (4) without affecting blood triglyceride concentration And (5) an action of promoting the reduction of adipocytes in visceral white adipose tissue; and (6) an action of improving glucose tolerance.
- the composition for preventing and / or treating metabolic syndrome according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is the above SPE containing 40 to 60% by weight of nobiletin and 40 to 60% of tangellitin based on the dry weight of the composition.
- the SPE contains 45 to 55% by weight nobiletin and 45 to 55% tangerine.
- the dosage for the person of the fourth aspect of the present invention is preferably as follows. In general, since a value about 50 times the dose suitable for mice is considered to be a dose suitable for humans, the daily dose of the composition to an adult is preferably 1 to 4 g / body orally. 2.0 to 3.4 g / body is more preferable, and 3.2 to 3.4 g / body is particularly preferable.
- the composition comprising the above SPE (1) suppresses the increase in body weight gain without affecting the amount of food intake; (2) mouse GLUT4 in skeletal muscle tissue or in skeletal muscle cells and its The action of promoting the expression of mRNA or protein of a sugar transporter gene that is a homolog; (3) the action of promoting the reduction of enlarged visceral white adipose tissue; (4) without affecting the blood glucose concentration; An effect of reducing blood triglyceride concentration; (5) an effect of promoting reduction of adipocytes in visceral white adipose tissue; and (6) an effect of improving leptin resistance.
- SPE containing nobiletin and tangelitin in the above range does not have the effect of reducing blood glucose concentration among the above-mentioned actions of nobiletin, but has the effect of reducing blood triglyceride, There is a difference in improving leptin resistance.
- composition comprising a compound represented by the above formulas (I) to (II) obtained by the above method, or a physiologically acceptable salt of the compound contained in the composition, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof
- a composition comprising a physiologically acceptable hydrate thereof can be made into a pharmaceutical preparation as follows.
- nobiletin alone or a mixture of nobiletin and tangellitin is used alone as a pharmaceutical preparation, the crystals obtained as described above may be treated according to a conventional method and mixed with excipients and the like described later.
- compositions containing these pharmaceutical compositions as active ingredients include injections, suppositories, aerosols, transdermal absorption agents, ointments, plasters, sprays and other parenterals, tablets, powders, granules, Examples thereof include powders, capsules, pills, troches, liquids and other oral preparations.
- the above tablets include sugar-coated tablets, coated tablets, and buccal agents
- the capsules include both hard capsules and soft capsules.
- Granules also include coated granules.
- the above liquid preparations include suspensions, emulsions, syrups, elixirs and the like, and syrups include dry syrups.
- Each of the above-mentioned preparations includes not only those that are not sustained-released but also those that are sustained-released. These preparations are in accordance with known pharmacological manufacturing methods, such as bases, carriers, excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, colorants, etc. described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia that are pharmacologically acceptable when manufacturing the preparations. Can be used.
- Such carriers and excipients include lactose, glucose, sucrose, mannitol, potato starch, corn starch, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, crystalline cellulose, licorice powder, and gentian powder.
- binder examples include starch, tragacanth gum, gelatin, syrup, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and the like.
- disintegrant examples include starch, agar, gelatin powder, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, crystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, and the like.
- lubricant examples include talc and magnesium stearate.
- the colorant can be used as long as it is allowed to be added to pharmaceuticals, and is not particularly limited. In addition to these, flavoring agents, flavoring agents, and the like can be appropriately used as necessary.
- sucrose, gelatin, purified shellac, glycerin, sorbitol, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose phthalate acetate, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate, methyl as necessary Coating may be performed using a methacrylate, a methacrylic acid polymer, or the like, and coating may be performed with a plurality of layers.
- granules and powders can be packed into capsules such as ethyl cellulose and gelatin to form capsules.
- a pH adjuster When preparing an injection using the above composition, or a composition comprising a physiologically acceptable salt or hydrate of a compound contained therein, a pH adjuster, buffer, if necessary Materials, stabilizers, solubilizers and the like can also be added.
- a preventive and / or therapeutic agent for metabolic syndrome as described above is administered to a patient, the dosage depends on various conditions such as the severity of the patient's symptoms, age, weight, blood glucose level, blood pressure, and health condition. Different. In general, the dosage and usage described above may be administered once or more times a day, and the number and amount of administration may be appropriately increased or decreased according to the above conditions.
- the content thereof in the composition is the same as described above. If the content of active ingredient nobiletin, tangelitin, or a mixture thereof is less than the lower limit, the metabolic syndrome is not sufficiently improved, and conversely, even if the content exceeds the upper limit, the effect is commensurate with the amount added. Is not demonstrated. Further, when the upper limit is exceeded, cytotoxicity may be exhibited during administration, which may cause undesirable side effects on the living body. Furthermore, by adding the above-mentioned compounds, derivatives thereof, physiologically acceptable salts, and physiologically acceptable hydrates as necessary, the functionality having an effect of promoting proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes. Food or health products can be provided.
- a composition comprising the above-described composition, a derivative of said compound contained in the composition, a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or a physiologically acceptable hydrate thereof, for example, bread, cookies And biscuits, rice-added wheat and millet, udon, buckwheat, pasta, other noodles, cheese, yogurt and other dairy products, jam, mayonnaise, miso, soy sauce and other soy products, tea, coffee and cocoa, soft drinks, fruits It can be added to beverages and other non-alcoholic beverages, medicinal liquors, other alcoholic beverages, candy, chocolate and other snacks, chewing gum, rice crackers, sheepskin and other confections made from soybeans to make functional foods. . Alternatively, it can be added to animal feed to make a functional mixed feed. In addition, when adding to said yogurt, soy sauce, a drink, etc., in order to prevent the compound of this invention from crystallizing and precipitating in these, a dissolution aid and a stabilizer can also be added suitably. .
- the compound of this invention can be set as a health food by using the compound of this invention individually or in mixture of 2 or more types, and setting it as a powder agent, a granule, a tablet, and a capsule according to a conventional method.
- the extract obtained in the production process is concentrated and dried using a method such as freeze drying, spray drying, vacuum drying, sample mill, blender, mixer
- the dry solid may be pulverized by, for example.
- the above-mentioned binder can be added to the powder obtained as described above as appropriate, and tableting can be performed.
- the above-described coating agents such as sucrose or gelatin may be used to form sugar-coated tablets, or other coating agents may be used to make enteric solvents and the like.
- the powder obtained as described above can be made into granules according to a conventional method to produce granules.
- it can also be set as a capsule by filling the above-mentioned capsule with the above-mentioned powder and granule in an appropriate amount.
- the functional food and health food do not include citrus fruits or other plant fruits that naturally contain the composition.
- the said foodstuff etc. which are manufactured by adding the said composition to the said citrus fruits shall not be excluded from this invention.
- the obtained 90% methanol phase was applied to an ODS silica gel open column (Cosmosil 75C 18 -OPN), concentrated by an evaporator, and eluted by a step gradient method in which methanol concentration was increased by 20% using water-methanol as a mobile phase. By this elution, three fractions of 60% methanol / 80% methanol / 100% methanol were obtained. The 80% methanol fraction obtained here was used as an extract from citrus peel of mandarin orange.
- nobiletin and tangelitin were extracted from Shikuwasa at a higher concentration than Satsuma mandarin.
- the composition ratio of nobiletin and tangelitin was 50% / 50%.
- SPE Shikuwasha Peel Extract
- Test Animal Feed and Method for Measuring Gene Expression Level (2-1) Test Animal Feed CRF-1 (manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) was purchased as a normal mouse feed (standard food). Casein, beef tallow, ⁇ -corn starch, ⁇ -corn starch, dietary fiber, minerals and vitamins are purchased as additives for preparing low-fat and high-fat foods, and added in the following amounts (w / w%). (Both manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.).
- sucrose, L-cystine, choline bitartrate, and t-butylhydroquinone were purchased and added to CRF-1 in the amounts shown in the table below (w / w%) and fed (all were Wako Pure Chemical Industries ( Made by Co., Ltd.).
- Table 1 shows the diet composition of the low fat diet, the high fat diet, and the SPE-added diet in Example 3. Each value represents weight% (w / w%).
- Ingredients marked * 1 were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries. Except for sucrose, L-cystine, choline bitartrate and tertiary butylhydroquino, they were purchased from Oriental yeast.
- ISOGEN Natural Gene Co., Ltd.
- cDNA was prepared from 1 ⁇ g of RNA using the Reverse Transcription System kit (Promega, USA). Next, according to the instructions of FastStart universal SYBR (registered trademark) Green Master PCR kit reagent (Roche Diagnostics, Germany), appropriate primers were prepared for each gene targeted in the following experiment.
- RNA amount was performed by the comparative Ct method using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH) as a standard.
- GPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene
- Nobiletin standard product, tangelitin standard product, hematoxylin, eosin and carboxymethylcellulose were all purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Glucose for the oral glucose tolerance test was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, and pioglitazone was purchased from Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited.
- the HFD intake group showed significantly higher weight gain than the LFD intake group (p ⁇ 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the HFD + 1SPE intake group and the HFD intake group. It was.
- the HFD + 1.5SPE intake group showed a significantly lower value than the HFD intake group (p ⁇ 0.01).
- the amount of food intake in the HFD intake group was significantly lower than that in the LFD intake group (p ⁇ 0.01).
- the liver weight after 5 weeks was not significantly different between the HFD intake group and the LFD intake group, and there was also a significant difference between the HFD + 1SPE intake group and the HFD + 1.5SPE intake group and HFD. There wasn't. From the above, it was shown that addition of 1.0-1.5% SPE to the feed had no effect on liver weight.
- the HFD intake group showed significantly lower kidney weight than the LFD intake group (p ⁇ 0.01).
- the HFD + 1SPE intake group and the HFD + 1.5SPE intake group there was no significant increase or decrease in kidney weight compared to the HFD intake group. From the above, it was shown that the decrease in kidney weight was due to the intake of HFD and not due to the addition of 1.0 to 1.5% SPE.
- the weight of the white adipose tissue extracted from the genital area and the periphery of the kidney was significantly higher in the HFD intake group than in the LFD intake group (p ⁇ 0.05). Although there was no significant difference between the HFD + 1SPE intake group and the HFD intake group, the HFD + 1.5SPE intake group showed a significantly lower value than the HFD intake group (p ⁇ 0.01). From the above, it was shown that SPE suppresses the increase in white adipose tissue weight when administered with a high fat diet.
- TG is triglyceride E-Test Wako
- T-CHO is cholesterol E-Test Wako
- blood glucose (Glucose) is glucose CII test Wako (both manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). It was measured. The results are shown in Table 4 and FIGS. 3A and 3B.
- adipo adiponectin *: p ⁇ 0.05 #: p ⁇ 0.05.
- the HFD intake group showed significantly higher values of TG, T-CHO and glucose than the LFD intake group (p ⁇ 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in TG concentration between the HFD intake group and the HFD + 1SPE intake group, but the HFD + 1.5SPE intake group showed a significantly lower value than the HFD intake group ( p ⁇ 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in T-CHO concentration and glucose concentration between the HFD intake group and the HFD + 1SPE intake group or the HFD + 1.5SPE intake group. From the above, it was shown that the addition of 1.0 to 1.5% SPE suppressed the increase in blood triglyceride concentration in the high fat diet administered group, but did not affect the blood total cholesterol concentration and glucose concentration.
- the blood adiponectin concentration was measured using Quantikine Mouse Adiponectin / Acrp30 (R & D Systems, USA) by enzyme immunoassay. There was no significant difference in the blood adiponectin concentration between HFD and LFD, and no significant difference was found between the HFD intake group and the HFD + 1SPE intake group or HFD + 1.5SPE intake group. From the above, it was shown that the addition of 1.0 to 1.5% SPE does not affect the plasma concentration of adiponectin upon administration of a high fat diet. As shown in Example 5, in diabetic model mice, administration of nobiletin increased the plasma concentration of adiponectin to a level two to three times that of healthy mice such as those in the LFD intake group.
- the blood leptin concentration was measured using Quantikine Mouse leptin (R & D Systems, USA) by enzyme immunoassay.
- the HFD intake group showed significantly higher blood leptin concentration than the LFD intake group (p ⁇ 0.05).
- the leptin concentration in the blood in the HFD + 1SPE group showed about half the value in the HFD group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups.
- the HFD + 1.5SPE intake group showed a significantly lower value than HFD (p ⁇ 0.05). From the above, it was shown that the addition of 1.0 to 1.5% SPE suppresses leptin resistance when a high fat diet is administered. This indicates that appetite is controlled normally even when the leptin concentration is lowered.
- the mRNA expression levels of aP2, FAS, FATP, and DGAT1 after the experiment were significantly increased compared to the LFD intake group (p ⁇ 0.05 for all).
- mRNA expression levels of aP2, SCD1, ACC1, FATP, and DGAT1 were not significantly different between the HFD administration group and the HFD + 1SPE administration group, but were expressed between the HFD + 1.5SPE intake group A significant reduction in the amount was seen (p ⁇ 0.05).
- ob / ob 7-week-old male C57BL / 6J-ob / ob (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “ob / ob”) was purchased from Nippon Charles River Co., Ltd. and used in 10 mice per group. Preliminary breeding and breeding conditions during the experiment were the same as in Example 3, and the CRF-1 was used as the feed.
- ob / ob 7-week-old male C57BL / 6J-ob / ob
- solvent administration group 5 to 10 and hereinafter referred to as “solvent administration group”)
- solvent administration group 3 mg of pioglitazone is suspended in a 0.3% CMC aqueous solution so that it can be administered at a dose of 0.01 ml / g body weight for 5 weeks. Forcibly orally every day (dose: 30 mg / kg body weight / day).
- sample administration group FIGGS.
- No200 administration group 0.3 mg of nobiletin purified in (1) above can be administered in an amount of 0.01 ml / g body weight.
- the blood T-CHO concentration was significantly lower in the P30 administration group than in the solvent administration group (p ⁇ 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the solvent administration group and the No200 administration group. . From this, it was shown that the intake of nobiletin at the above concentration does not affect the blood T-CHO concentration.
- the blood insulin concentration tended to be lower in the No200 administration group and the P30 administration group than in the solvent administration group, but no significant difference was observed.
- the blood adiponectin concentration was 2.5 times higher in the P30 administration group than in the solvent administration group, but no significant increase was observed in the No200 administration group.
- the No200 administration group shows significantly lower values than the solvent administration group (p ⁇ 0.05), and nobiletin has the effect of reducing the fasting blood glucose level of diabetic model mice. It has been shown.
- 5-1-3 Effect of Nobiletin Intake on Glucose Tolerance
- An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted on diabetic model mice (ob / ob) administered with nobiletin and the like to examine the effect on glucose tolerance. On the 4th week from the start of administration, mice in each administration group were fasted for 16 hours, and then glucose was forcibly administered orally at 2 g / kg body weight.
- [W] represents white adipose tissue and [L] represents liver.
- ISOGEN manufactured by Nippon Gene Co., Ltd.
- cDNA was prepared from 1 ⁇ g of RNA using a Reverse Transcription System kit (Promega, USA). Subsequently, appropriate primers were prepared for each of the genes according to the instructions of FastStart universal SYBR (registered trademark) Green Master PCR Kit Reagent (Roche Diagnostics, Germany).
- RNA amount was performed by the comparative Ct method using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH) as a standard.
- GPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene
- the expression level of GLUT4 and adiponectin was significantly higher in the No200 administration group than in the solvent administration group (p ⁇ 0.01). There was no significant difference between the solvent administration group and the P30 administration group. From this, it was shown that nobiletin exhibits the action of promoting the expression of the GLUT4 gene in white adipose tissue, which is not seen with pioglitazone, which is a known insulin resistance improving drug, in diabetic model mice. It was also shown to have an action of promoting secretion of adiponectin through promotion of expression of the Adiponectin gene.
- the expression level of PEPCK a gluconeogenic gene, was significantly lower in both the No200 administration group and the P30 administration group than in the solvent administration group (p ⁇ 0.05).
- the expression level of G6Pase was also the same (p ⁇ 0.005). From this, it was shown that nobiletin has an action of suppressing the expression of gluconeogenesis-related genes in diabetic model mice.
- the expression level of the TNF- ⁇ gene was significantly decreased in the No200 administration group (p ⁇ 0.005), but a slight increase was observed in the P30 administration group.
- the expression levels of MCP-1 and IL-6 genes were significantly decreased in both the No200 administration group and the P30 administration group compared to the solvent administration group (p ⁇ 0.005). From the above, it was shown that nobiletin has an action of suppressing the expression of bad adipokine genes such as TNF- ⁇ , MCP-1, and IL-6 in diabetic model mice.
- the expression level of PPAR ⁇ was not significantly different between the solvent administration group and the P30 administration group, but was significantly increased in the No200 administration group (p ⁇ 0.005).
- the expression level of aP2 was significantly increased in the P30 administration group compared to the solvent administration group (p ⁇ 0.005), but the No200 administration group showed a significantly lower value than the P30 administration group ( p ⁇ 0.05).
- the expression level of LPL increased in the No200 administration group and decreased in the P30 administration group, but no significant difference was observed in either case.
- the expression level of Perilipin was significantly increased in the No200 administration group compared to the solvent administration group, but no significant difference was observed between the P30 administration group and the solvent administration group.
- nobiletin has a characteristic action of promoting the expression of PPAR ⁇ in diabetes model mice and appropriately controlling blood lipid levels through the action of adipocytes. SPE was also found to suppress lipid accumulation control-related genes and reduce blood triglyceride levels. In addition, nobiletin has been shown to promote the secretion of adiponectin by promoting the expression of PPAR ⁇ and thereby promoting the expression of Adiponectin.
- the expression level increased about 1.7 times in the No200 administration group and about 2.2 times in the P30 administration group compared to the solvent administration group. From this, it was shown that nobiletin has an action of promoting the expression of GLUT4 protein in white adipose tissue in diabetic model mice.
- GLUT4 is highly expressed in white adipose tissue, and even if lipid synthesis is activated due to an increase in glucose uptake, the blood concentration of neutral fat and total cholesterol increases, white adipose tissue It was shown that side effects such as an increase in the weight of insulin, changes in the blood concentration of insulin, an increase in liver weight, an increase in body weight, and a change in food intake did not occur.
- the expression level increased about 6 times in the No200 administration group and about 3 times in the P30 administration group compared to the solvent administration group. This indicates that nobiletin has a particularly excellent action of promoting the expression of GLUT4 protein in the skeletal muscle of diabetic model mice.
- the above three groups of food intake and drug administration schedule are schematically shown in FIG. 12A.
- the white adipose tissue weight of the HFD intake group after the experiment was significantly higher than that of the LFD intake group (p ⁇ 0.005).
- the HFD intake group and the T200 administration group there was no significant change in the weight of either the retroperitoneal white adipose tissue or the epididymal white adipose tissue, and the total weight of the white adipose tissue There was no significant change.
- the kidney weight of the HFD intake group was significantly higher than that of LFD (p ⁇ 0.05), but no significant change was observed in the kidney weight in the HFD intake group and the T200 administration group. From the above, it was shown that even if tangerine was added to the feed at 200 mg / kg when ingesting a high fat diet, the white adipose tissue weight and liver weight were not affected. Moreover, it was shown that the kidney weight increased by the intake of a high fat diet does not increase further.
- T-CHO blood total cholesterol
- Example 6 Effect of tangerine on expression of sugar transporter and / or transcription factor
- white adipose tissue was taken out after the experiment and mRNA expression of GLUT4 gene and PPAR ⁇ gene was performed by real-time RT-PCR method The amount was measured.
- the ratio of the expression level when HFD is set to 1 is shown in Table 18 and FIGS. 11A and 11B.
- the HFD intake group was higher than the LFD intake group and the T200 administration group.
- tangelitin has an action of suppressing the expression of GLUT4 gene and PPAR ⁇ gene in white adipose tissue that has been increased by ingestion of high fat diet, and the expression of GLUT gene in skeletal muscle decreased by ingestion of high fat diet. It was shown to have a recovery effect.
- tangeritin reduces blood glucose levels by promoting blood glucose uptake into skeletal muscle when ingesting a high-fat diet, and suppresses fat cell hypertrophy by inhibiting blood glucose uptake into white adipose tissue
- the expression level of GLUT4 gene in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle is an effective index for screening of administered insulin resistance improving agents, or preventive and / or therapeutic agents for diabetes or lifestyle diseases. It is done.
- mice Effect of nobiletin on mice after induction of obesity by high fat diet intake
- One group received LFD and the other three groups received HFD for 8 weeks (-8 to +5 weeks).
- the group ingesting the LFD in Example 7 is referred to as an LFD ingestion group
- HFD intake group the group ingesting the HFD and not administering nobiletin
- Example 7 The compositions of LFD and HFD are the same as in Example 3.
- the LFD intake group and the HFD intake group were given a 0.3% CMC aqueous solution in an amount of 0.01 ml / g body weight.
- Example 7 in addition to HFD intake, a group in which nobiletin suspended in a 0.3% CMC solution was administered at a dose of 10 mg / kg / day so that it could be administered at a dose of 0.01 ml / g body weight, “No10 administration group; abbreviation HFD + No10”, and similarly, a group administered at a dose of 100 mg / kg / day is represented as “No100 administration group; abbreviation HFD + No100”.
- the above four groups of food intake and drug administration schedule are schematically shown in FIG. 12A.
- the amount of food intake on the 4th day of the No100 administration group was significantly lower than that of the HFD intake group (p ⁇ 0.05), but at other time points, between the No10 administration group and the No100 administration group There was no significant difference. Furthermore, in terms of the final average, there was no significant difference among the HFD intake group, No10 administration group, and No100 administration group. Based on the above, it was shown that when nobiletin was orally administered at 100 mg / kg to obesity-induced mice with a high-fat diet, feeding was suppressed at the initial stage of administration, but it did not affect the amount consumed during the entire administration period. It was. This suggests that the decrease in weight gain is not primarily due to a decrease in food intake (see FIGS. 12B and 12C).
- mice were dissected and the organs etc. shown in Table 21 were excised and weighed. The results are shown in Table 21 and FIG. 13A. Liver weight and kidney weight were not significantly different between any groups, but the weight of adipose tissue was significantly higher in the HFD intake group than in the LFD intake group (p ⁇ 0.005) The No100 administration group showed a significantly lower value than the HFD intake group (p ⁇ 0.05). Based on the above, it was shown that adding nobiletin to the diet at 10-100 mg / kg did not affect the weight of the liver and kidneys, but the increase in white fat was suppressed when administered at 100 mg / kg. .
- the blood concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol in the LFD intake group and the HFD intake group are significantly smaller than those in Example 3 (3-3). This is due to the age of mice and obesity induction by HFD. This seems to be due to the difference in period.
- the unit is mg / dl
- * 1 Adiponectin unit is ⁇ g / ml
- * 2 Adiponectin relative concentration unit is ⁇ g / ml / g
- the fasting blood glucose concentration of the HFD intake group was significantly higher than that of the LFD intake group (p ⁇ 0.005). Although there was no significant difference between the HFD intake group and the No10 administration group, the value was significantly lower than the No100 administration group (p ⁇ 0.005). In addition, there was no significant difference in the glucose concentration in the satiety blood between the groups. The fasting blood TG concentration was significantly higher in the HFD intake group than in the LFD intake group (p ⁇ 0.005), but there was a significant difference between the No10 administration group and the No100 administration group. There wasn't. In addition, there was no significant difference in the blood TG concentration at fullness between the groups.
- the blood T-CHO concentration was significantly higher in the HFD intake group than in the LFD intake group at both fasting and fullness (p ⁇ 0.005). In addition, there was no significant difference in fasting and full blood T-CHO concentrations between the HFD intake group and the No10 administration group and No100 administration group.
- nobiletin suppresses the increase in fasting blood glucose after induction of obesity due to intake of a high-fat diet, but has no effect when blood glucose increases due to eating. It was done.
- nobiletin suppresses the process of digesting starch and polysaccharides into glucose in the digestive system, or the process of glucose absorption, and as a result, does not suppress blood glucose levels, It indicates that the glucose level is lowered by promoting the absorption of glucose into any organ other than the liver and kidney. It was also shown that blood TG and T-CHO concentrations were not affected after obesity induction by high fat diet intake.
- the blood adiponectin concentration tended to increase after induction of obesity due to high fat diet intake compared with the LFD intake group, but there was no significant difference. In addition, there was no significant difference between the HFD intake group and the No10 administration group or No100 administration group. From the above measured values, the relative concentration of adiponectin was determined as the specific concentration of adiponectin in blood relative to the total weight of white adipose tissue. In the HFD intake group, the specific concentration of blood adiponectin was significantly reduced compared to the LFD intake group. In addition, no significant difference was seen in the No10 administration group compared to the HFD intake group, but a significantly higher value was shown in the No100 administration group.
- AUC The integrated value of the blood glucose concentration curve from 0 to 120 minutes is expressed as a percentage (%) when HFD is 100.
- the HFD intake group (FIG. 15B) had a larger adipocyte size after the experiment.
- the fat cell became small in the No100 administration group (FIG. 15D). From the above, it was shown that nobiletin has an action of reducing adipocytes in white adipose tissue after induction of obesity by ingesting a high fat diet. This effect was not seen in the diabetes model mouse of Example 2.
- administration of 200 mg / kg nobiletin does not lead to shrinking adipocytes of white adipose tissue that has enlarged in the onset of diabetes, but it is in an obese state due to high-fat diet intake, i.e. before onset of diabetes.
- 10-100 mg / kg nobiletin has an effect of reducing adipocytes in white adipose tissue.
- the HFD intake group showed significantly lower mRNA expression levels of SCD1, FAS, ACC1, and Glut4 (p ⁇ 0.05 for SCD1 and Glut4, and p ⁇ 0.005 for FAS and ACC1).
- the HFD intake group showed significantly higher mRNA expression levels of Adiponectin, TNF- ⁇ , MCP-1 and PPAR ⁇ than the LFD intake group ( ⁇ 0.05, MCP for Adiponectin, TNF- ⁇ and PPAR ⁇ ). -1 for p ⁇ 0.005).
- the HFD + No10 and No100 administration groups showed significantly higher mRNA expression levels of SCD1, FAS, ACC1, DAGT1, PPAR ⁇ , and SREBP1-c (p ⁇ in DAGT1 and PPAR ⁇ ).
- SCD1, FAS, ACC1, SREBP1-c There was no significant difference in the expression level of TNF- ⁇ mRNA between the HFD intake group and the No10 administration group, but the No100 administration group showed a significantly lower value. From the above, it was found that nobiletin affects gene expression in white adipose tissue.
- Tangerine has an effect of lowering fasting blood glucose level (blood glucose concentration), but not necessarily effective against glucose intolerance.
- Nobiletin is effective against both fasting blood glucose levels and impaired glucose tolerance. It can be seen that a composition comprising 50% by weight nobiletin and 50% by weight tangelitin can suppress the lipid abnormality.
- the present invention is useful in the field of production and development of pharmaceutical preparations, functional foods, health foods and the like.
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Abstract
Description
高血糖を指標として判定される糖尿病は、大まかに1型と2型に分けられる。1型は、主として遺伝的な要因により血糖値を正常に保つはずのホルモンであるインスリンの分泌が完全に失われている病態で、日本人の糖尿病患者の5~10%を占めている。2型は、主として後天的にインスリンの感受性が失われている病態(インスリン抵抗性)であり、日本人にはインスリンの分泌低下を伴う症例も見られる。糖尿病患者の90~95%を占めており、メタボリックシンドロームによって誘発される糖尿病は2型に該当する。
また、脂肪細胞の肥大化は脂質異常に関連がある。脂質異常の指標として、血中の総コレステロール(以下、「T-CHO」という。)値や中性脂肪(血中トリグリセリド、以下「TG」という。)の値が用いられてきたが、現在では、T-CHOに代えて血中LDLコレステロール値が指標の1つとされている。そして、LDLコレステロール血症や高トリグリセリド血症を発症すると、動脈硬化等の心血管疾患に罹患するリスクが高まることが知られている。こうした脂質異常の治療には、スタチンやフィブラート系薬剤が使用されている。
WO 1999/056768 A2(以下、特許文献2という。)では、脂肪組織や脂肪細胞において発現する遺伝子の発現量変化を指標として、物質の作用を評価する方法が知られている。例えば、GDF-8インヒビターが培養脂肪細胞内のGLUT4の発現を促進すること、及び当該物質は糖尿病の処置に有用であることが報告されている。
特開2001-240539(以下、特許文献4という)では、糖尿病を自然発症するマウスに、PMFの一つであるノビレチン又はシークワーシャー(シークワーサー)濃縮果汁を経口投与すると、これらを投与していないマウス比べて、有意な血糖上昇の抑制効果があることが報告されている。
WO 2002/087567 A2(以下、特許文献5という。)では、ハムスターに果糖のみを与えた場合と、食用タンゲリチン又は柑橘類PMF組成物を添加された果糖を与えた場合に、血中総コレステロール濃度が低下したことが報告されている。
上述したピオグリタゾンは、脂肪細胞の成長促進という矛盾点を内包しており、長期間服用すると体重や体脂肪が増加する、血糖降下作用が減弱するといった問題がある。また、スタチン系やフィブラート系の薬剤には、横紋筋融解や肝臓からの脂肪酸分泌が増えるといった問題がある。
さらに、メタボリックシンドロームは、上述したように、複数の病態が合併しているため、病態ごとに薬剤を投与する対症療法には限界がある。このため、(A)肥満と高血糖とを改善し、かつ脂質異常の改善を妨げない物質、又は、(B)肥満と脂質異常とを改善し、かつ高血糖の改善を妨げない物質をスクリーニングすることに対する、強い社会的要請がある。
さらに、こうした物質が安全性の高いものであれば、医薬製剤として提供できるだけでなく、機能性食品又は健康食品としても提供することが可能となり、メタボリックシンドローム患者の発生を予防するという効果が期待できる。
したがって、こうした物質を提供することに対して、高い社会的要請があった。
また、糖輸送体遺伝子をコードするRNAの発現量を所定の方法で定量する工程にかえて、前記遺伝子のコードする糖輸送体タンパク質の発現量を所定の方法で定量する工程とすることもできる。そのような場合には前記比較解析において、前記RNAの発現量にかえて、前記タンパク質の発現量を、群間で比較解析することが好ましい。
本発明の第2の態様は、上記スクリーニング方法を実施するための試薬キットである。上記試薬キットは、逆転写酵素、cDNAを鋳型としてDNAを増幅する酵素、及び糖輸送体遺伝子特異的プライマーからなることが好ましい。上記試薬キットはさらに核酸染色薬を備えることが好ましい。
上記組成物において、前記ミカン区(Acrumen (VII) section)柑橘類はシークワーサー:Citrus depressaであることが好ましく、前記ノビレチンは乾燥重量中95~100重量%であることが好ましく、前記用量は1日あたり10~100mg/kgであることが好ましく、また、前記作用又は特徴としてさらに(5)内臓周辺白色脂肪組織の脂肪細胞の縮小を促進する作用;(6)耐糖能を改善する作用を備えることが好ましい。
上記組成物において、前記ミカン区(Acrumen (VII) section)柑橘類はシークワーサー:Citrus depressaであることが好ましく、前記用量は、1.0~6.0g/body/日であることが好ましく、また、前記作用又は特徴としてさらに(5)内臓周辺白色脂肪組織の脂肪細胞の縮小を促進する作用;(6)レプチン抵抗性を改善する作用を備えることが好ましい。
本発明の前記ノビレチンを含有する組成物によれば、抗肥満効果があり、高血糖治療等効果があり、かつ脂質異常の改善を妨げないことを特徴とする、メタボリックシンドロームの予防及び/又は治療用医薬製剤、機能性食品、又は健康食品を提供できる。本発明の前記ノビレチン及びタンゲリチンを含有する組成物によれば、抗肥満効果があり、脂質異常治療等効果があり、かつ高血糖の改善を妨げないことを特徴とする、メタボリックシンドロームの予防及び/又は治療用医薬製剤、機能性食品、又は健康食品を提供できる。
本発明の医薬製剤を所定の方法で投与する方法により、メタボリックシンドロームの予防及び/又は治療ができる。また、本発明の機能性食品及び健康食品を、摂取することでメタボリックシンドロームの予防及び/又は治療促進ができる。
本明細書において、特に断りのない限り、メタボリックシンドロームとは、内臓脂肪型肥満、高血糖、及び脂質異常状態を呈するメタボリックシンドロームのことを指すものとする。また本願発明においては抗肥満効果に、肥大化した内蔵脂肪組織を縮小する効果が含まれるものとする。
被験物質としては任意のものが使用できる。被験物質は食餌に混合するか、適当な溶媒に溶解又は懸濁して被験対象動物に経口投与することが好ましい。また、被験物質が脂溶性のものである場合には、被験対象動物に経皮投与することもできる。
本発明のスクリーニング方法においては、肥満の指標として体重を測定することが好ましい。さらに解剖によって内蔵白色脂肪組織を取り出し、その重量を測定し、内臓脂肪型肥満の度合いを測定することが好ましい。さらに脂肪組織を顕微鏡観察して脂肪細胞の肥大化の度合いを測定することが好ましい。また、解剖を伴わない方法として、被験対象動物の電気抵抗値を測定する方法、又は比重を測定する方法によって体脂肪率を測定してもよい。本発明の摂食量の測定方法としては、マウスにケージ内で摂食させて、与えた餌の減少量を測定することが簡便で好ましい。
(1)骨格筋組織片、又は骨格筋細胞よりmRNAを含む画分を抽出する工程;
(2)逆転写酵素を用いて前記糖輸送体遺伝子をコードするRNAからcDNAを合成する工程;
(3)前記輸送体遺伝子特異的プライマーを用いて前記cDNAを増幅する工程;
(4)所定の試薬を用い、その試薬に応じた検出法で増幅産物を定量する工程,及び
(5)前記糖輸送体遺伝子をコードするRNAの発現量を決定する工程
前記所定の試薬は蛍光標識核酸、同位体標識核酸、及び核酸染色剤からなる群から選ばれるいずれかの試薬であることが好ましく、スクリーニング効率の観点から核酸染色剤がさらに好ましい。前記核酸染色剤としては検出効率の観点から、SYBR (登録商標) Greenが好ましい。前記検出法としては、測定値の正確性の観点からリアルタイムPCR法が好ましい。前記発現量を決定する方法としては、グリセアルデヒド‐3‐リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子(GAPDH)を標準として用いる、比較Ct法が好ましい。
また、タンパク質の発現量の測定は、骨格筋組織片、又は骨格筋細胞より全タンパク質画分を抽出する工程と;前記タンパク質画分中の糖輸送体タンパク質の発現量をウェスタンブロッティング法、ELISA法、その他の公知の方法で測定する工程と;その発現量を決定する工程とを備えることが好ましい。また、タンパク質の発現量は、骨格筋組織又は骨格筋細胞の免疫染色によって測定してもよい。
すなわち、前記所定の条件下で、前記被験物質非投与群に比べ、前記被験物質投与群の、(条件1)体重の増加、又は体重増加量の上昇を抑制し;(条件2)摂食量の著しい増加、減少が伴わず;(条件3)前記糖輸送体遺伝子のmRNA又はタンパク質の発現を促進することを条件とするのが好ましい。前記(条件1)で肥満抑制効果を有するものを選択し、(条件2)で、副作用の指標となる摂食量の抑制を伴うもの、及び肥満の亢進に繋がる摂食量を増加させるものを除外する。そして、(条件3)で、上記の通り高血糖又は脂質異常の改善に効果が期待できる骨格筋中の糖輸送体遺伝子の発現を促進するものを選択する。
果実から果皮を得る際の作業効率、及び前記組成物の抽出効率の点から、シークワーサー(Shiikuwasha;C. depressa)の果皮から抽出することがさらに好ましい。上記果皮は天日又は機械乾燥機により乾燥させることができるが、天日で乾燥させることが、乾燥にかかるエネルギーの低減と、成分変性の防止のために好ましい。
柑橘類の果実から得た果皮を、天日で3日間自然乾燥させ、乾燥果皮とする。所定量の乾燥果皮に、この5倍容の溶媒を加え、所定の期間、所定の温度で浸漬抽出を行い、抽出液を得る。ここで、抽出溶媒としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、アセトン、酢酸エチル、各種の混合比の水-メタノール混合液、水-エタノール混合液等を挙げることができる。
得られた粗抽出液を濾過して固形分を除き、濾液全量を濃縮し、濃縮液を得る。この濃縮液に、適当な水相/有機相の混合液を適当量加えて、液-液分配抽出を行う。分配抽出は、混合液の組成を変えて複数回行う。分配抽出によって得られた有機相を濃縮し、オープンカラムに供して、段階的に溶媒濃度を上げるステップグラジエント法による溶出を行い、所望の画分を果皮抽出物(以下、「SPE」という。)として使用する。
具体的には、シークワーサー、ウンシュウミカン(Satsuma;C. unshiu)等のミカン区柑橘類の乾燥果皮6~10kgに、30~50Lのメタノールを加えて、2~6℃で7~21日間抽出し、抽出液を得る。この抽出液を濾過して固形分を除き、フラッシュエバポレータを用いて、濾液全量を濃縮する。次いで、水/酢酸エチル(1/1)を4L加えて分配抽出をおこなう。得られた酢酸エチル相に、90%メタノール/n-ヘキサン(1/1)を4L加えて、再度、液-液分配抽出を行う。
次いで、例えば、上記の画分のうち、80%メタノール画分の一部を濃縮し、メタノールを加えて溶質濃度を900mg/mlに調整し、分取カラムクロマトグラフィーに供する。例えば、以下の条件で分画を行って所望の画分を得た後に、各画分中のノビレチン及び/又はタンゲリチンの含有量を定量する。
溶出溶媒:70%メタノール/水
溶質濃度:900mg/ml
Injection volume:3ml
Fraction volume:10ml
Flow rate:5ml/分
検出波長:UV215nm
レンジ:20mV
ノビレチン及びタンゲレチンの標準品の保持時間(Retention Time)と、得られた各画分中のピークの保持時間とをクロマトグラムから分析し、ノビレチン及びタンゲレチンを定量する。本発明のメタボリックシンドロームの予防及び/又は治療用組成物とするにはエバポレーター等で乾燥させて使用する。熱乾燥法は成分変性を起こす恐れがあるので好ましくない。
なお、本発明のメタボリックシンドロームの予防及び/又は治療用組成物において使用する、ノビレチン及び/又はタンゲリチンを含有する組成物は、公知の方法又はそれに準ずる方法によって、入手してもよく、市販品を購入してもよい。
脂質生合成関連遺伝子としては、aP2、SREBP1c、SCD1、FAS、ACC1、FATP、DGAT1、AGPAT、GPAT 等を挙げることができる。これらのうち、aP2、SREBP1c、SCD1、FAS、ACC1、FATP、DGAT1からなる群から選ばれる遺伝子の発現を制御することが、脂質生合成の抑制を介して脂肪細胞の肥大化を抑制し、その結果、脂肪組織の肥大化が抑制されてインスリン抵抗性、耐糖能不全、高血糖、又は血中脂質異常が改善されるために好ましい。
前記アディポカイン関連遺伝子としては、TNFα,MCP-1,IL-6,PAI-1、RBP4、Resistin、及びAdipsin等の、いわゆる悪玉アディポカイン関連遺伝子を挙げることができる。これらうち、TNFα,MCP-1,IL-6及びPAI-1からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの発現を抑制することで、悪玉アディポカインの産生を抑制し、これによって、これら悪玉アディポカインの分泌を抑制し、結果として肝臓のインスリン抵抗性を改善することができるからである。
またこのとき、PPARγによる前記脂質生合成関連遺伝子の発現が選択的に抑制されると、脂肪細胞の肥大化が抑制され、インスリン抵抗性が改善されるという効果が高い。
上記脂質蓄積制御関連遺伝子としては、LPL、Perilipin、及びPPARσ等を挙げることができる。これらのうち、LPL又はPerilipinの発現が促進されることが好ましい。それによって、脂質の蓄積が抑制され、脂肪細胞の肥大化が抑制される結果として、脂肪組織の肥大化が抑制される。そして、インスリン抵抗性、耐糖能不全、高血糖、又は血中脂質異常が改善されるからである。
以上はノビレチンを上記の範囲で含有する組成物が、(1)摂食量に影響を与えることなく体重の増加量の上昇を抑制する作用;(2)骨格筋組織内又は骨格筋細胞内のマウスGLUT4及びそのホモログである糖輸送体遺伝子のタンパク質の発現を促進する作用;(3)肥大化した内臓周辺白色脂肪組織の縮小を促進する作用;(4)血中トリグリセリド濃度に影響を与えることなく、血中ブドウ糖濃度を低下させる作用;(5)内臓周辺白色脂肪組織の脂肪細胞の縮小を促進する作用;(6)耐糖能を改善する作用を備えることによる。
本発明の第4の態様の人に対する投与量は以下の通りとするのが好ましい。一般にマウスに適する投与量の約50倍の値がヒトに適する投与量であると考えられるため、前記組成物の1日当たりの成人に対する用量は、経口で1~4 g/bodyであることが好ましく、2.0~3.4 g/bodyであることがさらに好ましく、3.2~3.4 g/bodyであることが特に好ましい。また、患者の体重に合わせて前記の1/2~2倍程度で用量を調整することが好ましい。
以上は上記SPEからなる組成物が、(1)摂食量に影響を与えることなく体重の増加量の増加を抑制する作用;(2)骨格筋組織内の又は骨格筋細胞内のマウスGLUT4及びそのホモログである糖輸送体遺伝子のmRNA又はタンパク質の発現を促進する作用;(3)肥大化した内臓周辺白色脂肪組織の縮小を促進する作用;(4)血中ブドウ糖濃度に影響を与えることなく、血中トリグリセリド濃度を低下させる作用;(5)内臓周辺白色脂肪組織の脂肪細胞の縮小を促進する作用;(6)レプチン抵抗性を改善する作用を備えることによる。
ノビレチンとタンゲリチンとを上記の範囲で含有するSPEは、上述したノビレチンが有する作用のうち、血中ブドウ糖濃度を低下させる効果はないが、血中トリグリセリドを低下させる効果を有する点と、耐糖能ではなくレプチン抵抗性を改善する点で相違がある。
上述したようなメタボリックシンドロームの予防及び/又は治療剤を患者に投与する場合には、投与量は、患者の症状の重篤さ、年齢、体重、血糖値、血圧及び健康状態等の諸条件によって異なる。一般的には、上述した用量及び用法で、1日1回若しくはそれ以上の回数にわたって投与すればよく、以上のような諸条件に応じて、投与の回数及び量を適宜増減すればよい。
(1-1)ミカン区柑橘類果皮からの抽出物の抽出方法
シークワーサーの果実は、沖縄県大宜味より購入した。シークワーサー果実から得た果皮を天日で3日間乾燥させ、シークワーサー乾燥果皮を得た。ウンシュウミカンの果実は、愛媛県産を購入した。またウンシュウミカンから得た果皮を同様に、天日で3日間乾燥させ、ウンシュウミカン乾燥果皮を得た。
これらの乾燥果皮8kgに、40Lのメタノールを加えて浸漬し、14日間、4℃にて抽出した。濾過を行って粗抽出液を得、エバポレーターを用いてこの粗抽出液を全量濃縮した。この濃縮液を、4Lの水/酢酸エチル(1/1)で液-液分配による抽出を行い、次いで、酢酸エチル相を4Lの90%メタノール-水/ヘキサン(1/1)で再度、液-液分配による抽出を行った。
上記の通り得られた抽出物を公知の方法でHPLC分析した。HPLCの条件は以下の通りである。
HPLC装置 :UV-8011 HPLC(TOSOH社製)
検出器 :UV Detector
カラム :Cholester Waters 内径4.6mm×250mm(Waters社製)
溶出溶媒 :75% MeOH/水
溶質濃度 :0.1 mg/mL
Injection volume :0.005 ml
Flow rate :1.0 mL/分
検出波長 :UV 215 nm
レンジ :1000 mV
図1に示されるとおりノビレチンとタンゲリチンが検出された。図1A及び図1Bの比較から分かるとおり、シークワーサーからはウンシュウミカンよりも高濃度でノビレチン及びタンゲリチンが抽出された。上記シークワーサーからの抽出物中、ノビレチンとタンゲリチンの組成比は50%/50%であった。
以下、シークワーサー果皮から上記方法で得られ、ノビレチン(Nobiletin)50%、及びタンゲリチン(Tangeretin)50%の組成からなる抽出物、を、シークワーサー果皮抽出物(Shiikuwasha Peel Extract;SPE)として使用する。
(2-1)被験動物の飼料
通常のマウス用飼料(標準食)は、CRF-1(オリエンタル酵母工業(株)製)を購入した。低脂肪食及び高脂肪食の調製用添加物として、カゼイン、牛脂、β-コーンスターチ、α-コーンスターチ、食物繊維、ミネラル及びビタミンを購入し、以下の量(w/w%)で添加して使用した(いずれもオリエンタル酵母工業(株)製)。また、スクロース、L-シスチン、重酒石酸コリン、t-ブチルヒドロキノンを購入し、以下表に示す量(w/w%)でCRF-1に添加して給餌した(いずれも、和光純薬工業(株)製)。
表1は低脂肪食、高脂肪食ならびに実施例3におけるSPE添加食の食餌組成である。各値は重量%(w/w%)を示す。*1を記した成分は和光純薬工業(株)(Wako Pure Chemical Industries)から購入した。スークロース、L-シスチン、重酒石酸 コリン、第3ブチルヒドロキノ以外はオリエンタル酵母から購入した。
リアルタイムPCR法によるmRNA発現量の測定は以下の通り行った。
ISOGEN (株式会社ニッポンジーン) の説明書に従い、白色脂肪組織、肝臓、及び骨格筋からRNAを抽出した。次に1μgのRNAから、Reverse Transcription System キット(Promega, USA)を用いて、cDNAを調製した。次に、FastStart universal SYBR (登録商標) Green Master PCR キット 試薬 (Roche Diagnostics, Germany)の説明書に従い、下記実験にて対象とした各遺伝子について適切なプライマーを作成した。測定にはリアルタイムPCRシステム7700HT(Applied Biosytems, USA)を用い、前記cDNAを鋳型としてリアルタイムPCRを行った。各反応条件は前記PCRキット試薬に従った。RNA量の定量分析は、グリセアルデヒド‐3‐リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子(GAPDH)を標準として用い、比較Ct法により行った。
以下の実施例で使用する動物には、低脂肪食(low fat diet;脂肪含量4%)又は高脂肪食(high fat diet;脂肪含量40%)を与えた。高脂肪食として、SPE無添加、1%SPE添加、1.5%SPE添加の3種類を調製した。以下実施例3において、低脂肪食を摂取した群をLFD摂取群、SPE無添加高脂肪食摂取した群をHFD摂取群、1%SPE添加高脂肪食を摂取した群をHFD+1SPE摂取群、1.5%SPE添加を摂取した群をHFD+1.5SPE摂取群と表わす。また、以下の表中では、それぞれ、LFD、HFD、HFD+1SPE、及びHFD+1.5 SPEと表わす。
使用動物は、生後7週齢のC57BL/6マウスを日本チャールス・リバー(株)より購入し、標準食で1週間、馴化飼育を行った後に、4群(n=9、3匹/ケージ)に分けて5週間の実験に供した。恒温(23±5℃)、12/12時間の明暗サイクルを維持して、自由に摂食させながら飼育した。
マウスの体重は、週に1回測定し、摂食量は週2回測定した。各群のマウスの摂食量は1週間に2回測定した。摂食量は、すべての群について、24時間以内の摂食量/3匹/ケージとし、5週間の平均で計算した。SPE摂取と各群のマウスの体重変化及び摂食量の変化を、表2及び図2A及び図2Bに示す。以下の各表において、LFD摂取群に対する有意差を*で、HFD摂取群に対する有意差を#でそれぞれ示す。
HFD摂取群の摂食量はLFD摂取群に比べて、有意に低くなっていた(p<0.01)。一方、HFD摂取群と対比すると、HFD+1SPE摂取群及びHFD+1.5SPE摂取群では、いずれも摂食量の変化に有意差は見られなかった。
以上より、1.0~1.5%のSPEを飼料に添加しても、高脂肪食群では摂食量は抑制されないこと、1.5%SPE添加により、マウスの体重増加が有意に抑制されることが示された。摂食量に変化がないため、体重増加の抑制はカロリー摂取の減少によるものではないと考えられた(図2B参照)。
実験終了後に、全群のマウスを解剖し、下記表3及び図2Cに示す組織及び臓器の各重量を測定した(平均値±標準誤差、n=9)。
HFD摂取群は、LFD摂取群に対して、有意に低い腎臓重量を示した(p<0.01)。一方、HFD摂取群に対し、HFD+1SPE摂取群及びHFD+1.5SPE摂取群では、いずれも腎臓重量に有意な増減は見られなかった。
以上より、腎臓重量の低下はHFDの摂取によるものであり、1.0~1.5%のSPEの添加によるものではないことが示された。
また、生殖器及び腎臓周辺から摘出した白色脂肪組織の重量は、HFD摂取群がLFD摂取群に対して有意に高い値を示した(p<0.05)。HFD+1SPE摂取群とHFD摂取群との間では有意差は見られなかったが、HFD+1.5SPE摂取群はHFD摂取群に対して、有意に低い値を示した(p<0.01)。以上より、SPEが高脂肪食投与時の白色脂肪組織重量の増加を抑制することが示された。
実験終了後に、下記表4に示す項目の測定を行った。実験終了日(摂取開始5週間後)に、全マウスを16時間絶食させ、その後各マウスの尾静脈より、1mLずつ採血した。得られた血液を、3,000×g、4℃にて15分間遠心し血漿を得た。血漿中の脂質として、血中中性脂肪(TG)及び血中総コレステロール(T-CHO)の濃度を測定した(n=9)。
TGはトリグリセライドE-テストワコーで、T-CHOはコレステロールE-テストワコーで、また、血中ブドウ糖(Glucose)は、グルコースCIIテストワコー(いずれも、和光純薬工業(株)製)で、それぞれ測定した。結果を表4及び図3A及び図3Bに示す。
以上より、1.0~1.5%SPEの添加は、高脂肪食投与群の血中トリグリセリド濃度の増加を抑制するが、血中総コレステロール濃度及びブドウ糖濃度には影響しないことが示された。
以上より、1.0~1.5%SPEの添加は、高脂肪食投与時のアディポネクチンの血漿中濃度に影響を及ぼさないことが示された。なお、実施例5に示すとおり、糖尿病モデルマウスにおいては、ノビレチンの投与により、アディポネクチンの血漿中濃度が、LFD摂取群のような健康なマウスの2~3倍のレベルまで上昇した。
以上より、1.0~1.5%SPEの添加は、高脂肪食投与時のレプチン抵抗性を抑制することが示された。このことは、レプチンの濃度が低下しても食欲のコントロールが正常に行われることを示す。
実験終了後、各群のマウスから精巣上体の脂肪組織を摘出して切片を作成し、ヘマトキシリン及びエオシンにて染色した。これらの切片を200倍で顕微鏡観察し、単位面積当たりの細胞数(個)を数えて比較した(n=9)。結果を表5及び図4に示す。
これらの観察結果は、SPEが脂肪細胞の分化誘導を促進し、肥大化した脂肪細胞を分裂させるか、あるいは肥大化した脂肪細胞を、新たに分化した脂肪細胞と置き換えることで、白色脂肪組織中の脂肪細胞の小型化を促し、糖尿病発症前段階のインシュリン抵抗性を改善したことを表すと考えられる。
各群のマウスの脂質生合成に関与するaP2、SREBP1c、SCD1、FAS、ACC1、FATP、DGAT1の各遺伝子のmRNA発現量を測定した(n=9)。結果を表6及び図3Cに示す。
また、aP2、SCD1、ACC1、FATP及びDGAT1のmRNA発現量は、HFD投与群とHFD+1SPE投与群との間では有意差は見られなかったが、HFD+1.5SPE摂取群との間では発現量の有意な低下が見られた(p<0.05)。HFD+1SPE摂取群及びHFD+1.5SPE摂取群では、いずれもACC1のmRNA発現量の有意な低下が見られた(p<0.05)。なお、HFD+1SPE投与群及びHFD+1.5SPE投与群では、SREBP1c及びFASのmRNA発現量は低下傾向が見られたが、有意差はなかった。
このことから、SPEは高脂肪食摂取によって上昇した脂質生合成関連遺伝子群の発現を抑制する作用を有することが示された。
ノビレチン標準品及びタンゲレチン標準品、ヘマトキシリン、エオシン及びカルボキシメチルセルロースは、いずれも和光純薬工業(株)から購入した。経口糖負荷試験用のブドウ糖は、シグマ アルドリッチ社から購入し、ピオグリタゾンは武田薬品工業(株)から購入した。
(2)SPEからのノビレチン及びタンゲリチンの精製
実施例2で得られた80%メタノール画分の一部を濃縮し、100%メタノールで溶質濃度を900mg/mlに調整した。次いで、分取カラムクロマトグラフィーを下記の条件で行い、7つの画分を得た。
溶出溶媒 :70%メタノール
溶質濃度 :900mg/mL
Injection volume:3ml
Fraction volume:10ml
Flow rate:5mL/分
検出波長 :UV215nm
レンジ :20mV
内部標準として、ノビレチン及びタンゲレチン標準品を用い(濃度=100 μg/ml)、各画分のピークの保持時間(RT:retention time (min))と標準品のそれとを比較して、ノビレチン及びタンゲレチンを同定し、含有量を求めた。その後、各精製画分を大型ロータリーエバポレータにて乾燥させ、約165 mg(55%)のノビレチンと135 mg(45%)のタンゲレチンを精製した。
糖尿病モデルマウス及び実験系は下記の通りである。糖尿病モデルマウスとして、7週齢の雄性C57BL/6J‐ob/ob(以下、「ob/ob」ということがある)を日本チャールズリバー(株)から購入し、1群10匹で使用した。予備飼育及び実験中の飼育条件は実施例3と同様であり、飼料は前記CRF-1を使用した。
陰性対照群(図5~図10中、Vehicleと表す。また、以下「溶媒投与群」という。)には、0.3%CMC水溶液のみを0.01ml/g体重の分量で、5週間、連日、強制経口した。陽性対照群(図5~図10中、及び以下「P30投与群」という。)には、ピオグリタゾン3mgを、0.01ml/g体重の分量で投与できるよう、0.3%CMC水溶液に懸濁し、5週間、連日、強制経口投与した(投与量:30mg/kg体重/日)。
試料投与群(図5~図10中、及び以下、「No200投与群」という。)には、上記(1)で精製したノビレチン20 mgを、0.01ml/g体重の分量で投与できるよう、0.3%のカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)水溶液に懸濁し、5週間、連日、強制経口投与した(投与量:200mg/kg/日)。
(5-1-1)ノビレチン摂取が体重等に与える影響
各群のマウスの体重、摂食量、白色脂肪組織重量、肝臓重量の測定、及び血中TG、血中T-CHO、血中アディポネクチンの各濃度測定は、上記実施例3と同様に行い、その結果を表7に示す(n=10)。また、特にアディポネクチンの結果について図8Aに表す。
また、血中インスリン濃度は、以下のように測定した。実験終了日に、各群のマウスの尾静脈より1mLずつ採血を行った。得られた血液を、4℃にて、3,000×gで15分間遠心分離し、血漿を得た。血中インスリン濃度は、酵素免疫測定法によるレビスインスリン-マウス(Uタイプ)((株)シバヤギ製)を用いて測定した。
血中TG濃度は、溶媒投与群に対し、No200投与群及びP30投与群のいずれにおいても低下していたが、有意差は見られなかった。このことから、200mg/kgのノビレチンを一定期間摂取することにより、糖尿病モデルマウスの血中TG濃度は、ピオグリタゾンを摂取したときと同等程度に改善されることが示された。
血中インスリン濃度は、溶媒投与群に対し、No200投与群及びP30投与群では低下傾向が認められたが、有意差は見られなかった。一方、血中アディポネクチン濃度は、P30投与群は溶媒投与群の2.5倍以上高くなっていたが、No200投与群はそれほど大きな上昇は見られなかった。
このことから、上記濃度のノビレチンを一定期間摂取すると、血中インスリン濃度は、ピオグリタゾンを摂取時と同等程度に改善される傾向があるが、血中アディポネクチン濃度はピオグリタゾンほど上昇させないことが示された。
投与開始2週間後及び5週間後に、空腹時血糖値を測定した(n=10)。血中ブドウ糖濃度の測定は上記実施例1のように行った。結果を表8及び図5Aに示す。
(5-1-3)ノビレチン摂取が耐糖能に与える影響
ノビレチン等を投与した糖尿病モデルマウス(ob/ob)に対する経口糖負荷試験(OGTT)を行い、耐糖能に与える影響を検討した。
投与開始4週目に、各投与群のマウスを16時間絶食させ、その後、ブドウ糖を2g/kg体重で強制経口投与した。ブドウ糖投与後、0分、30分、60分及び120分の時点で、各マウスの尾静脈より1mLずつ採血を行った。得られた血液を、4℃にて、3,000×gで15分間遠心分離し血漿を得た(n=10)。血中ブドウ糖濃度は、上記実施例1と同様に測定した。結果を表9及び図5Bに示す。
(5-2)ノビレチン摂取と白色脂肪組織及び肝臓内の遺伝子の発現量
ノビレチンの摂取が、白色脂肪組織及び肝臓内の遺伝子のmRNA発現量に、どのような影響を与えるかを測定した(n=10)。結果を表10、並びに図6A、図7A,B、図8B、図9A~C、及び図10A~Dに示す。
測定にはリアルタイムPCRシステム7700HT(Applied Biosytems社製, USA)を用い、前記cDNAを鋳型としてリアルタイムPCRを行った。前記PCRキット試薬に従って各反応条件を設定した。RNA量の定量分析は、グリセアルデヒド‐3‐リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子(GAPDH)を標準として用い、比較Ct法により行った。
糖新生遺伝子であるPEPCKの発現量は、溶媒投与群に対し、No200投与群及びP30投与群のいずれもが有意に低い値を示した(p<0.05)。また、G6Paseの発現量も同様であった(p<0.005)。このことから、ノビレチンは糖尿病モデルマウスにおいて糖新生関連遺伝子群の発現を抑制する作用を有することが示された。
以上より、ノビレチンは、糖尿病モデルマウスにおいてTNF-α、MCP-1、IL-6等の悪玉アディポカイン遺伝子群の発現を抑制する作用を有することが示された。
以上より、ノビレチンは、糖尿病モデルマウスにおいてPPARγの発現を促進し、脂肪細胞の働きを介して血中脂質量を適切に制御する特徴的な作用を有することが示された。また、SPEは脂質蓄積制御関連遺伝子を抑制し、血中中性脂肪濃度を低下させることが示された。また、ノビレチンはPPARγの発現を促進し、これによってAdiponectinの発現を促進することによって、アディポネクチンの分泌を促進することが示された。
(5-3)ノビレチン摂取とGLUT4タンパク発現量
実験終了後、上記実施例1の通りに白色脂肪組織及び骨格筋を摘出し、ウェスタンブロッティング法によりGLUT4タンパクの発現量を検出した。GLUT4タンパクの発現量は、Na+/K+ ATPase α-1タンパクを内部標準として定量した。結果を、表11、並びに図6B及び図6Cに示す。
また、上述した通り、ノビレチン摂取時に白色脂肪組織中でGLUT4が高発現し、ブドウ糖の取り込み増加に伴う脂質合成が活発化したとしても、中性脂肪や総コレステロールの血中濃度増加、白色脂肪組織の重量増加、インスリンの血中濃度変化、肝臓重量の増加、体重の増加及び摂食量の変化などの副作用は生じないことが示された。
溶媒投与群に対し、No200投与群では約6倍、P30投与群では約3倍に発現量が増大していた。このことから、ノビレチンは、糖尿病モデルマウスの骨格筋内のGLUT4タンパクの発現を促進する、特に優れた作用を有することが示された。
6周齢の雄性C57BL/6マウスを1週間予備飼育し(-9~-8週)、その後、3群に分けた。1群にはLFDを、他の2群にはHFDを8週間与えた(-8~+5週)。8週目(15週齢)以降13週目まで、各群に以下の薬剤を5週間にわたって連日強制経口投与した(以下、実施例6においてLFD摂取群及びHFD摂取群)という。)。LFD、HFDの組成は実施例3と同等である。
LFD摂取群(n=8)及びHFD摂取群(n=11)には、0.01ml/g体重の分量で、0.3%CMC水溶液を与えた。また、HFD摂取に加えて、0.01ml/g体重の分量で投与できるよう0.3%のCMC溶液に懸濁したタンゲリチンを、200mg/kg/日の分量で投与した群(n=11)を「T200投与群;略号HFD+T200」と表わす。上記3群の摂食及び薬剤投与のスケジュールを図12Aに模式的に表す。
結果を表12に示す。実験終了後の体重増加量は、HFD摂取群がLFD摂取群に対して有意に高い値を示した(p<0.005)。また、HFD摂取群とT200投与群との間には、有意差は見られなかった。
各群のマウスの摂食量は1週間に2回測定した。1回の測定は、24時間以内の摂食量/3匹/ケージとし、5週間の平均を求めた。HFD摂取群は、LFD摂取群に比べて、摂食量が有意に低くなっていた(p<0.005)。また、HFD摂取群とT200投与群との間では、摂食量の変化に有意差は見られなかった。
実験終了後に各群のマウスを解剖して臓器等を取り出し、それぞれの重量を測定した。白色脂肪組織は、後腹膜及び精巣上体の周辺から摘出した。結果を表13に示す。
HFD摂取群の肝重量と、LFD摂取群の肝重量との間には、有意差は見られず、HFD摂取群とHFD+T200投与群との間でも同様であった。一方、HFD摂取群の腎臓重量は、LFDに対して有意に高い値となっていた(p<0.05)が、HFD摂取群とT200投与群では、腎臓重量に有意な変化は見られなかった。
以上より、高脂肪食摂取時に200mg/kgでタンゲリチンを飼料に添加しても、白色脂肪組織重量及び肝重量には影響を及ぼさないことが示された。また、高脂肪食の摂取によって増加した腎臓重量がさらに増大することはないことが示された。
実験終了後に空腹時の血中中性脂肪濃度等を、投与開始時、投与開始2週間後、及び5週間後の時点で測定した。結果を表14及び表15に示す。
血中中性脂肪(TG)濃度の測定は、実施例1と同様に行った。結果を表14に示す。いずれの時点においてもLFD摂取群に対し、HFD摂取群は有意に高い値を示した(p<0.005)が、HFD摂取群とT200投与群との間には有意差は見られなかった。
以上から、200mg/kgでタンゲリチンを食餌に添加しても、高脂肪食餌摂取時の血中TG濃度、及び血中総コレステロール濃度に影響を及ぼさないことが示された。
ブドウ糖の血中濃度の測定は、実施例1と同様に行った。以下に記述する実験の結果は、表16に示す。表16は高脂肪食餌摂取時の血中ブドウ糖濃度(mg/dl)に対するタンゲリチンの効果を表す。いずれの時点においても、LFD摂取群に対し、HFD摂取群は有意に高い値を示した(p<0.005)。また、HFD摂取群に対し、T200投与群は、投与期間開始5週間後では有意な変化は見られなかったが、投与期間開始2週間後では有意に低い値を示していた(p<0.005)。このことから、タンゲリチンは、高脂肪食餌摂取による空腹時血糖値の上昇を抑制する作用を有することが示された。
経口糖負荷試験(OGTT)を実施例1と同様に行った。結果を表17に示す。いずれの時点においても、LFD摂取群に対し、HFD投与群が有意に高い血糖値を示した(p<0.005~0.005)が、HFD摂取群とT200投与群との間には有意差は見られなかった。このことから、200mg/kgでタンゲリチンを食餌に添加しても、高脂肪食餌摂取時の耐糖能に影響を及ぼさないことが示された。
実施例1と同様に、実験終了後に白色脂肪組織を取り出し、リアルタイムRT-PCR法によりGLUT4遺伝子及びPPARγ遺伝子のmRNA発現量を測定した。HFDを1としたときの発現量の比を、表18及び図11A及び図11Bに示す。
白色脂肪組織内のGLUT4及びPPARγのmRNA発現量を比較すると、HFD摂取群は、LFD摂取群及びT200投与群に対して高くなっていた。一方、骨格筋内のGLUT4のmRNAの発現量は、HFD摂取群がLFD摂取群よりも低くなっていたが、T200投与群は高くなっていた。
このことから、タンゲリチンは高脂肪食摂取によって上昇した白色脂肪組織内のGLUT4遺伝子及びPPARγ遺伝子の発現を抑制する作用を有すること、及び高脂肪食摂取によって低下した骨格筋内のGLUT遺伝子の発現を回復する作用を有することが示された。
以上より、白色脂肪組織ならびに骨格筋中のGLUT4遺伝子の発現量は、投与されたインスリン抵抗性改善剤、または糖尿病または生活習慣病の予防及び/又は治療剤のスクリーニングにとって有効な指標であること考えられる。
6周齢の雄性C57BL/6マウスを1週間予備飼育し(-9~-8週)、その後、4群に分けた(各群のn=9)。1群にはLFDを、他の3群にはHFDを8週間与えた(-8~+5週)。8週目(15週齢)以降13週目まで、各群に以下の薬剤を5週間にわたって連日強制経口投与した。以下、実施例7において上記LFDを摂取した群をLFD摂取群といい、上記HFDを摂取しノビレチンを投与しなかった群をHFD摂取群という。LFD、HFDの組成は実施例3と同等である。
LFD摂取群及びHFD摂取群には、0.01ml/g体重の分量で、0.3%CMC水溶液を与えた。また、以下実施例7において、HFD摂取に加えて、0.01ml/g体重の分量で投与できるよう0.3%のCMC溶液に懸濁したノビレチンを、10mg/kg/日の分量で投与した群を、「No10投与群;略号HFD+No10」と表わし、また同様にして、100mg/kg/日の分量で投与した群を「No100投与群;略号HFD+No100」と表わす。上記4群の摂食及び薬剤投与のスケジュールを図12Aに模式的に表す。
各群の体重増加量を表19及び図12Bに示す。表中、[最終増加]は0~+5周目の増加量を示す。高脂肪食摂取による肥満誘導後、HFD摂取群はLFD摂取群に対し、有意に高い体重を示し(p<0.005)、体重増加量も同様であった。また、HFD摂取群に対し、No10投与群では体重増加量に有意な変化は見られなかったが、No100投与群では有意に低い値となっていた(p<0.05)。このことから、ノビレチンには高脂肪食摂取による肥満誘導後の体重増加を抑制する作用を有することが示された。
HFD摂取群は、0週目の摂食量がLFD摂取群に対して有意に低い値を示し(p<0.005)、最終平均もHFD摂取群はLFD摂取群に対して有意に低い値を示した(p<0.005)。
以上より、高脂肪食による肥満誘導マウスに100mg/kgでノビレチンを経口投与した場合、投与初期には摂食を抑制するが、投与期間全体の摂食量に影響を与えるものではないことが示された。このことは、体重増加量の減少が、主として摂食量の減少に起因するものではないことを示唆する(図12B及び図12C参照)。
実験終了後、マウスを解剖して表21に示す臓器等を摘出し、重量をそれぞれ測定した。結果を表21及び図13Aに示す。
肝重量及び腎臓重量は、いずれの群の間でも有意差は見られなかったが、脂肪組織の重量は、HFD摂取群がLFD摂取群に対して有意に高くなっていたが(p<0.005)、No100投与群はHFD摂取群に対し有意に低い値を示した(p<0.05)。
以上より、10~100mg/kgでノビレチンを食餌に添加しても、肝臓及び腎臓の重量には影響を及ぼさないが、100mg/kgで投与すると白色脂肪の増加が抑制されることが示された。
上記の実験終了後、空腹時の血中の中性脂肪、総コレステロール、ブドウ糖、アディポネクチンの各濃度、及び満腹時の血中中性脂肪、血中総コレステロール、ブドウ糖の各濃度を、実施例1と同様に測定した。表22中、Adiponectinの相対濃度は、白色脂肪組織の総重量に対する血中アディポネクチンの比濃度を表す。
結果を表22に示す。また血中中性脂肪(トリグリセリド)、血中総コレステロール、血中ブドウ糖の結果を図13Bに示す。LFD摂取群とHFD摂取群の中性脂肪と総コレステロールの血中濃度が、実施例3の(3-3)と比べ著しく小さい値となっているが、これはマウス週齢及びHFDによる肥満誘導期間の違いによるものと思われる。
空腹時の血中TG濃度は、LFD摂取群に対し、HFD摂取群が有意に高い値を示した(p<0.005)が、No10投与群及びNo100投与群との間には有意差は見られなかった。なお、満腹時の血中TG濃度は、各群の間で有意差は見られなかった。
血中T-CHO濃度は、空腹時及び満腹時ともに、LFD摂取群に対し、HFD摂取群が有意に高い値を示した(p<0.005)。また、HFD摂取群と、No10投与群及びNo100投与群との間には、空腹時及び満腹時の血中T-CHO濃度に有意差は見られなかった。
上記の測定値より、アディポネクチンの相対濃度を、白色脂肪組織の総重量に対する血中アディポネクチンの比濃度として求めた。HFD摂取群では、LFD摂取群に対して、血中アディポネクチンの比濃度が有意に低下していた。また、HFD摂取群に対して、No10投与群では有意差は見られなかったが、No100投与群では有意に高い値を示した。
高脂肪食摂取による肥満誘導後の血中アディポネクチンの濃度には変化は見られないが、血中アディポネクチンの比濃度が上昇したことから、白色脂肪組織の単位重量当たりのアディポネクチンの産生量は、10~100mg/kgのノビレチン投与によって増加したことが示された。
以上から、高脂肪食摂取による肥満誘導を行うと、インスリン抵抗性の惹起を伴う脂肪細胞の肥大化を招き、これが白色脂肪組織重量あたりのアディポネクチン産生量を低下させること、ノビレチンは、低下したアディポネクチン産生量を回復させる作用を有することが示された。また、特許文献3及び実施例5に示されるような、ノビレチンによる血中アディポネクチンの発現が、通常時の2~3倍に上昇する現象は、糖尿病の発病時に限定されることが示された。
糖負荷実験は、上記実施例2と同様に行った(n=9)。結果を表23及び図14A及び図14Bに示す。
また、血中濃度曲線下面積(AUC)で比較すると、+LFD摂取群に対してHFD摂取群で有意な上昇が見られた(p<0.005)。HFD摂取群とNo10投与群との間では有意差は見られなかったが、No100投与群との間では有意差が見られた(p<0.05)。
以上より、10~100mg/kgのノビレチン投与は、高脂肪食摂取による肥満誘導後のマウスの耐糖能を改善することが示された。
実験験終了後、マウス精巣上体の脂肪組織を摘出して切片を作成し、ヘマトキシリン及びエオシンにて染色した(n=9)。これを、200倍で顕微鏡観察し、顕微鏡撮影視野範囲内に見える細胞の大きさを比較した。結果を図15A~図15Dに示す。
以上より、ノビレチンは高脂肪食餌摂取による肥満誘導後において白色脂肪組織の脂肪細胞を縮小する作用を有することが示された。この効果は、実施例2の糖尿病モデルマウスでは見られなかった。すなわち、200mg/kgのノビレチンの投与では、糖尿病発症状態のときに肥大化した白色脂肪組織の脂肪細胞を縮小させることには至らないが、高脂肪食摂取による肥満状態、すなわち糖尿病発症前であれば、10~100mg/kgのノビレチンの投与で白色脂肪組織の脂肪細胞を縮小させる効果のあることが示された。
これらの観察結果は、ノビレチンが脂肪細胞の分化誘導を促進し、肥大化した脂肪細胞を分裂させるか、あるいは肥大化した脂肪細胞を、新たに分化した脂肪細胞と置き換えることで、白色脂肪組織中の脂肪細胞の小型化を促し、糖尿病発症前段階のインスリン抵抗性を改善したことを表すと考えられる。
下記表24に示す高脂肪食餌摂取による肥満誘導後の、マウス脂質生合成関連遺伝子、及びその他の遺伝子の発現をmRNAの量で測定し、これらの遺伝子の発現に対するノビレチンの効果を検討した(n=9)。各遺伝子の発現量は、HFDを1とした時の発現量の比で表した。結果を表24に示す。
また、HFD摂取群に対し、HFD+No10及びNo100投与群では、SCD1、FAS、ACC1、DAGT1、PPARγ、及びSREBP1-cのmRNA発現量が有意に高い値を示した(DAGT1及びPPARγではp<0.01、SCD1、FAS、ACC1、SREBP1-c)。HFD摂取群とNo10投与群との間にはTNF-αのmRNAの発現量に有意差は見られなかったが、No100投与群は有意に低い値を示した。
以上より、ノビレチンは白色脂肪組織の遺伝子の発現に影響を及ぼすことが分かった。
Claims (10)
- 下記の工程(1)~(3)を備える、内臓脂肪型肥満、高血糖、及び脂質異常を呈するメタボリックシンドロームの治療用物質のスクリーニング方法:
(1)被検物質を所定の量で所定の期間投与した被検物質投与群を構成する非ヒト哺乳動物、及び前記被検物質を前記所定の量で前記所定の期間投与していない被検物質非投与群を構成する非ヒト哺乳動物から、それぞれ採取した骨格筋より、全RNA画分を抽出する抽出工程と、
(2)前記抽出工程で抽出したそれぞれの全RNA画分中に含まれる、糖輸送体遺伝子をコードするRNAの発現量を所定の方法で定量する定量工程と、
(3)前記被検物質投与群及び被検物質非投与群をそれぞれ構成する前記非ヒト哺乳動物の前記所定期間中の体重増加量、摂食量、及び前記糖輸送体遺伝子をコードするRNAの発現量を、群間で比較解析することにより、前記メタボリックシンドロームに対する効果を判定する工程。 - 前記糖輸送体遺伝子はマウスGLUT4及びそのホモログである、請求項1に記載のスクリーニング方法。
- 前記所定の方法は、
逆転写酵素を用いて前記糖輸送体遺伝子をコードするRNAからcDNAを合成する工程と、前記輸送体遺伝子特異的プライマーを用いて前記cDNAを増幅する工程と、
蛍光標識核酸、同位体標識核酸、及び核酸染色剤からなる群から選ばれる試薬を用いて、前記試薬に応じた検出法で増幅産物を定量する工程と、
前記糖輸送体遺伝子をコードするRNAの発現量を決定する工程と、を備えることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載のスクリーニング方法。 - 糖尿病発症前の、内蔵脂肪型肥満、高血糖、及び脂質異常を呈するメタボリックシンドロームの治療用組成物であって、乾燥重量中70~100重量%のノビレチンを含有するミカン区(Acrumen (VII) section)柑橘類の果皮抽出画分を含み、前記果皮抽出画分の乾燥重量換算で1日当たり5~200mg/kgの用量で経口投与し、下記の作用(1)~(4)を備える組成物:
(1)摂食量に影響を与えることなく体重の増加量の上昇を抑制する作用;
(2)骨格筋組織内又は骨格筋細胞内のマウスGLUT4及びそのホモログである糖輸送体遺伝子のタンパク質の発現を促進する作用;
(3)肥大化した内臓周辺白色脂肪組織の縮小を促進する作用;
(4)血中トリグリセリド濃度に影響を与えることなく、血中ブドウ糖濃度を低下させる作用。 - 前記ミカン区(Acrumen (VII) section)柑橘類は、シークワーサー(Shiikuwasha;C. depressa)であり、前記果皮抽出画分中のノビレチン含量は乾燥重量中95~100重量%であり、前記用量は1日あたり10~100mg/kgである、請求項4に記載のメタボリックシンドロームの治療用組成物。
- 内蔵脂肪型肥満、高血糖、及び脂質異常を呈するメタボリックシンドロームの予防及び/又は治療用組成物であって、乾燥重量中45~55重量%のノビレチンと45~55重量%のタンゲリチンとを含有する、ミカン区(Acrumen (VII) section)柑橘類果皮抽出画分を含み、前記果皮抽出画分の乾燥重量換算で、0.5~8.0g/body/日の用量で経口的に摂取し、下記の作用又は特徴(1)~(4)を備える組成物:
(1)摂食量に影響を与えることなく体重の増加量の増加を抑制する作用;
(2)骨格筋組織内又は骨格筋細胞内のマウスGLUT4及びそのホモログである糖輸送体遺伝子のmRNA又はタンパク質の発現を促進する作用;
(3)肥大化した内臓周辺白色脂肪組織の縮小を促進する作用;
(4)血中ブドウ糖濃度に影響を与えることなく、血中トリグリセリド濃度を低下させる作用。 - 前記ミカン区(Acrumen (VII) section)柑橘類はシークワーサー:Citrus depressaであり、前記用量は1.0~6.0g/body/日である請求項6に記載のメタボリックシンドロームの予防及び/又は治療に用いられる組成物。
- 請求項4~7に記載のメタボリックシンドロームの治療用組成物を含有する、機能性食品。
- 請求項4~7に記載のメタボリックシンドロームの治療用組成物を含有する、健康食品。
- 請求項4~7に記載のメタボリックシンドロームの治療用組成物を含有する、医薬製剤。
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WO2014057727A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-12 | 2014-04-17 | 国立大学法人 琉球大学 | 柑橘類由来のノビレチン及びタンゲレチン含有物の製造方法及びその方法で得られたノビレチン及びタンゲレチン含有物 |
CN104350384A (zh) * | 2012-06-12 | 2015-02-11 | 雀巢产品技术援助有限公司 | Pc-o 44:4-一种用于内脏脂肪过多的生物标志物 |
JP2015036369A (ja) * | 2013-08-13 | 2015-02-23 | 国立大学法人愛媛大学 | 抗アレルギー用経口組成物 |
JP2015078140A (ja) * | 2013-10-15 | 2015-04-23 | 静岡県公立大学法人 | アルコール性脂肪肝予防・治療剤 |
JP2016169219A (ja) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-09-23 | 国立大学法人愛媛大学 | 抗アレルギー用経口組成物 |
JP2018070570A (ja) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-05-10 | 高知県公立大学法人 | クロモジ抽出物 |
JP2020015756A (ja) * | 2014-11-12 | 2020-01-30 | 株式会社 沖縄リサーチセンター | 排尿障害を予防又は改善させる医薬組成物、排尿障害関連受容体に関する拮抗剤又はその医薬組成物又は拮抗剤を用いた排尿障害を予防又は改善させる方法 |
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US9132117B2 (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2015-09-15 | Kgk Synergize, Inc | Compositions and methods for glycemic control of subjects with impaired fasting glucose |
TWI736755B (zh) * | 2017-04-03 | 2021-08-21 | 大江生醫股份有限公司 | 包含植物萃取物的組成物及其減少紫外線所致皮膚損傷之用途 |
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Cited By (11)
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CN104350384A (zh) * | 2012-06-12 | 2015-02-11 | 雀巢产品技术援助有限公司 | Pc-o 44:4-一种用于内脏脂肪过多的生物标志物 |
WO2014057727A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-12 | 2014-04-17 | 国立大学法人 琉球大学 | 柑橘類由来のノビレチン及びタンゲレチン含有物の製造方法及びその方法で得られたノビレチン及びタンゲレチン含有物 |
JP5735184B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-12 | 2015-06-17 | 国立大学法人 琉球大学 | 柑橘類由来のノビレチン及びタンゲレチン含有物の製造方法及びその方法で得られたノビレチン及びタンゲレチン含有物 |
JPWO2014057727A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-12 | 2016-09-05 | 国立大学法人 琉球大学 | 柑橘類由来のノビレチン及びタンゲレチン含有物の製造方法及びその方法で得られたノビレチン及びタンゲレチン含有物 |
US10548938B2 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2020-02-04 | University Of The Ryunkyus | Method for manufacturing composition containing nobiletin and tangeretin derived from citrus fruits, and composition containing nobiletin and tangeretin obtained thereby |
JP2015036369A (ja) * | 2013-08-13 | 2015-02-23 | 国立大学法人愛媛大学 | 抗アレルギー用経口組成物 |
JP2015078140A (ja) * | 2013-10-15 | 2015-04-23 | 静岡県公立大学法人 | アルコール性脂肪肝予防・治療剤 |
JP2020015756A (ja) * | 2014-11-12 | 2020-01-30 | 株式会社 沖縄リサーチセンター | 排尿障害を予防又は改善させる医薬組成物、排尿障害関連受容体に関する拮抗剤又はその医薬組成物又は拮抗剤を用いた排尿障害を予防又は改善させる方法 |
JP2016169219A (ja) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-09-23 | 国立大学法人愛媛大学 | 抗アレルギー用経口組成物 |
JP2018070570A (ja) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-05-10 | 高知県公立大学法人 | クロモジ抽出物 |
JP7007663B2 (ja) | 2016-11-04 | 2022-02-10 | 高知県公立大学法人 | クロモジ抽出物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2434010A1 (en) | 2012-03-28 |
KR20120023787A (ko) | 2012-03-13 |
EP2434010A4 (en) | 2013-02-27 |
CN102549153A (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
US20120196927A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
JPWO2010134373A1 (ja) | 2012-11-08 |
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