WO2010118623A1 - 一种分梳机 - Google Patents

一种分梳机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010118623A1
WO2010118623A1 PCT/CN2010/000117 CN2010000117W WO2010118623A1 WO 2010118623 A1 WO2010118623 A1 WO 2010118623A1 CN 2010000117 W CN2010000117 W CN 2010000117W WO 2010118623 A1 WO2010118623 A1 WO 2010118623A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
opening
carding
roller
rollers
adjacent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/000117
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄金山
Original Assignee
Huang Jinshan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huang Jinshan filed Critical Huang Jinshan
Priority to EP10764036.9A priority Critical patent/EP2420601B1/en
Publication of WO2010118623A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010118623A1/zh

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01GPRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G15/00Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
    • D01G15/02Carding machines
    • D01G15/12Details

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to textile material preparation techniques, and more particularly to a carding machine that has less damage to the length of the pile fibers during the carding process. Background technique
  • Conventional fluff is generally carded using a cover card, a roller card, or a modification of both devices.
  • the principle of these two machines is mainly to remove coarse wool and impurities by the multi-pass repeating combing action of the squeezing roller of the cover card or the carding ring of the roller carding machine. Due to the limitations of the principle and equipment structure, after the combing of the above conventional equipment, the length of the pile fiber is greatly damaged, and the quality of the pile-free is limited, which affects the use range and value of the pile-free pile.
  • these conventional equipments generate a large amount of short piles in the carding process, and it is difficult to recover the short pile fibers, which reduces the extraction rate of the pile fibers and increases the cost of the carding.
  • the inventor of the present application has proposed a low-damage fluff carding method and related technology, including the structure of the carding unit, the driving mechanism, the feeding unit, the outlet unit, etc. See Patent No. ZL0215463C4, ZL20052000366A0, ZL200520003175.4,
  • the carding roller in the carding device of the above technique generates a high-speed airflow during high-speed rotation, and a high pressure is formed in the transition region of the adjacent carding roller, which affects the carding effect.
  • further optimization is required in the layout and setting of the components in the carding device.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a method for reducing the length loss of the velvet fiber, improving the extraction rate and quality of the velvet fiber, and reducing The cost of the carding machine.
  • a carding machine is proposed for separating a pile-free yarn which satisfies a predetermined specification from the fed pile.
  • the carding machine comprises: a carding portion, comprising a box body and two carding units accommodated therein; a feeding portion for conveying the fluff to the carding portion; and an outlet portion for a card pile removing machine separated by the carding portion; a driving portion for driving the carding unit to operate according to a predetermined motion mode.
  • the two carding units are identical in composition and size and are respectively disposed along two mutually parallel planes perpendicular to the bottom surface of the box.
  • the axes of the respective opening rollers of the two carding units are parallel to the bottom surface of the box, and the two carding units together with the box form a middle object space which is rectangular in plan view, each The carding unit forms two parallel spaces in a rectangular shape in a plan view on a side opposite to the intermediate object space, wherein the two side object spaces are along the axial direction of the carding roller.
  • the falling object space is retracted by a predetermined distance at both ends, so that the space for arranging the feeding portion and the outlet portion respectively is left, and the two carding units together with the respective feeding portion and the outlet portion are related to
  • the intermediate falling object space is symmetrical along the central axis of the axial direction of the opening roller.
  • the remainder of the box is closed such that a negative pressure is created within the box by the fan mounted outside the box.
  • the carding unit comprises a plurality of opening rollers and a matching drafting tube, and the plurality of opening rollers of the carding unit are sequentially horizontally horizontally high to low in the mutually parallel planes.
  • Adjacent arrangement wherein the adjacent opening rollers are arranged according to the needle stripping direction, and the direction of rotation of each of the opening rollers is the same as the direction of the needle and the direction of rotation of the adjacent opening rollers is opposite.
  • the guide tube is a hollow straight tube disposed along the axial direction of the opening roller adjacent to the turning section of each pair of adjacent opening rollers, and forms a sharp angle at two end points of the turning-in section, the guide The side of the flow tube adjacent to the adjacent opening roller is matched with the turning interval of the adjacent opening roller and is distributed with a wind hole, wherein a hollow portion is formed in the hollow portion of the guiding tube, and the guiding tube is at one end The fan outside the tank is connected and closed at the other end, so that a negative pressure is formed in the duct under the action of the fan.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view showing an exemplary overall structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a carding unit.
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a structural schematic view showing the engagement of the drive shaft 15a and the belt 5a with the opening roller.
  • Fig. 5 is a structural schematic view showing the cooperation of the transmission shaft 15b and the belt 5b with the opening roller.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the feeding portion and the opening roller.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the outlet portion and the opening roller.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the opening rollers.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of the opening end of the opening roller and its extended opening. detailed description
  • the carding portion of the carding machine of the present invention comprises a plurality of carding units.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the respective opening rollers in an exemplary carding unit
  • Figure 2 is a view of the exemplary carding unit as viewed from the end of the opening roller
  • Figure 3 shows the adjacent upper and lower sides.
  • the carding roller is a known component conventionally used in the art.
  • the opening roller 3 used in the present invention is formed by enclosing an elastic clothing 9 with a cylindrical body. A steel needle having an uneven density distribution is disposed on the elastic clothing cloth 9.
  • the density of the steel needle of the elastic card clothing on the card clothing is gradually encrypted from one end to the other end of the carding roller.
  • One end of the steel needle is fixed to the base fabric for wrapping the roller, and the other end is oriented at an angle to the diameter of the roller.
  • the carding unit of the present invention includes a plurality of carding rollers.
  • the plurality of opening rollers 3 are sequentially arranged adjacent to each other in the diametrical direction of the roller on one plane.
  • the plane is referred to as the arrangement plane of the carding unit. That is to say, the axis of each of the opening rollers in the carding unit is one on the arrangement plane of the carding unit Group parallel lines.
  • the maximum distance between the surface of the opening roller and the plane of the arrangement is the radius of the roller (section).
  • the direction of the combing unit along the axial direction of the opening roller is referred to as the longitudinal direction of the carding unit, and the direction of the carding unit perpendicular to the axis of the opening roller on the plane of its arrangement is referred to as the width direction of the carding unit.
  • the direction in which the carding unit is perpendicular to the arrangement plane is referred to as the thickness direction of the carding unit.
  • a specific opening roller that performs axial reciprocating movement is referred to as a transport roller.
  • the opening roller in the intermediate position of the carding unit may be referred to as a center roller.
  • the center roller is the roller at the most intermediate position.
  • the center roll can be designated as one of the two most intermediate rolls.
  • One end of the opening roller in the axial direction (longitudinal direction) serves as the feeding end, and the other end serves as the outlet end.
  • the predetermined length in the axial direction from the feeding end on the surface of the opening roller is referred to as a feeding section, and the predetermined length in the axial direction from the outlet end is referred to as an exit section.
  • the middle portion between the feed interval and the exit interval is called the main split comb interval.
  • the feeding ends of the respective opening rollers in the carding unit point in the same direction. In the axial direction of the roller, the side pointed by the feeding end is referred to as the feeding side, and the side indicated by the outlet end is referred to as the machine side.
  • the carding unit receives the input raw material from the feeding side, and outputs the pile-free material that satisfies the predetermined specification from the outlet side.
  • the rotation directions of the adjacent two opening rollers 3 in the carding unit are opposite, and the direction of the steel needle on the roller (referred to as the needle direction) coincides with the direction of rotation of the roller.
  • the adjacent line in the axial direction of the adjacent two opening rollers 3 is referred to as a stripping line.
  • the adjoining line is a virtual line, in fact, there is a certain gap between adjacent rolls.
  • a roller with a higher surface speed will strip the surface line speed Fiber attached to the lower roll.
  • the nail roll may be called a nail roll.
  • the two circles corresponding to the cross section of a pair of adjacent opening rollers shown in Fig. 3 actually have a certain interval therebetween, but it is not strictly considered that the two circles are mutually circumscribed.
  • the line passing through the tangent point along the axial direction of the opening roller is the stripping line.
  • the interval between the two adjacent opening rollers 3 from the stripping line on the corresponding side of the arrangement plane to the circumference of the section of the opening roller section by 90 degrees in the direction of rotation of the roller is called a turn-out section, and
  • the section in which one side is moved by 90 degrees against the rotation direction of the roller is referred to as a transition section.
  • Both the transition zone and the rollout zone include a quarter arc of the two rollers. From the cross-section of the opening roller, the two end points of the transfer section correspond to the farthest points of the two opening rollers on the corresponding side of the arrangement plane, and the two end points of the transfer section correspond to the two opening rollers respectively.
  • the straight-shaped guide tube 10 is disposed in the axial direction of the opening roller in the turn-in section adjacent to the adjacent opening roller. Details regarding the draft tube are discussed in detail later.
  • a hollow guide tube is disposed in the axial direction of the roller in the turn-in section of each pair of adjacent opening rollers in the carding unit.
  • the guide tube is a straight tube arranged along the axial direction of the opening roller.
  • the side along the turn-in section is a concave arc that coincides with the arc of the roll.
  • the draft tube forms a sharp corner near the end of the concave arc, which acts to split the coarse and fine fibers.
  • the pointed angle of the concave arc may correspond to the end point of the transition section, or may extend to a position beyond the transition section, or may not be located beyond the transition section.
  • the position of the sharp corner is positionable Rotate from the arc of the roll to a range between 80 and 100 degrees from the stripping line to accommodate fibers of different lengths.
  • the guide tube also uses the passage of the hollow portion to guide the high-speed air flow generated by the rotation of the opening roller, so as to eliminate or reduce the influence of the air flow on the carding.
  • the concave arc of the guide tube adjacent to the adjacent opening roller is matched with the turning-in section of the adjacent opening roller and is distributed with a wind hole.
  • the construction of a preferred guide tube is described below in particular for a preferably arranged carding unit.
  • Each of the opening rollers in the carding unit is horizontally arranged in a vertical plane.
  • the rolls are referred to as upper and lower rolls, respectively.
  • the transfer (return) section is located at the upper end of the upper end of the upper roll, and the end of the lower roll is called the lower end of the transfer (return) section.
  • Figure 3 shows a preferred guide tube with the arrangement plane of the respective carding unit being perpendicular to the ground.
  • the section of the draft tube is a closed pattern of four arcs.
  • the closed pattern of the four arcs is a concave arc a which coincides with the quarter circumference of the upper roller and a quarter of the lower roller in the portion close to the opening roller.
  • the remaining portion of the closed pattern is an upwardly projecting concave arc c at the lower portion and a convex arc d projecting outwardly away from the adjacent opening roller.
  • the arc a and the arc d form a sharp corner A at the upper end
  • the arc b and the arc c form a sharp corner B at the lower end
  • the joint of the arc d and the arc c forms a sharp corner C.
  • the guide holes are distributed with the air holes 8 on the two arc faces of the corresponding arcs a and b of the opening roller 3.
  • Forming a duct 1 1 in a hollow portion of the draft tube 10 the guide tube 10 is connected to a fan outside the box at the end of the corresponding opening end of the carding roller (or simultaneously connected to the dust collecting chamber), and is closed at the other end. Thereby, a negative pressure is formed in the air passage 11 under the action of the fan.
  • the opening roller 3 has a high-speed airflow on the surface at a high speed to form an airflow boundary layer, and the airflow boundary layer of the upper roller 3 is branched at a sharp corner A of the intersection of the two arcs corresponding to the arcs a and d, so that The coarse hairs fall, and the fine fluff is moved to the stripping line under the protection of the curved surface a.
  • the tangent to the lower end of the curved surface d is perpendicular to the ground to facilitate the falling of the coarse hair.
  • the airflow boundary layer of the lower opening roller 3 is branched, and under the action of the airflow, the coarse hair moves along the arc surface corresponding to the arc c, and the curved surface c and the curved surface d
  • the thick hair at the sharp corner C of the intersection line falls obliquely downward along the tangent of the curved surface c.
  • the high-speed airflow of the adjacent opening rollers 3 merges in a region near the transition section to form a high pressure, which affects the carding effect.
  • the air duct 1 formed by the draft tube 10 is connected to a fan, and the negative pressure generated by the fan is sucked into the high-pressure air stream of the transfer area through the air holes 8 on the curved surfaces & b. Due to the poor bulkiness of the fiber near the feed end, as the bulk of the fiber moves toward the exit end, the fiber has the best loft near the exit end, so the finer from the feed end to the exit end The content of fluff is gradually increased. Since the air duct 11 formed by the draft tube 10 is connected to the fan outside the tank at the outlet end (can be connected to the dust collecting chamber at the same time), the negative pressure in the air duct 1 1 of the draft tube 10 can be formed from the feeding The inlet to the outlet gradually increase to accommodate the change in fiber bulk.
  • a strip-shaped needle plate 24 and a needle plate holder 25 extending in the axial direction of the roller are provided at positions where the draft tube faces the stripping line toward the two concave arc faces of the opening roller.
  • This needle plate can be used with a fixed cover plate used in conventional cotton spinning equipment. The provision of such a needle plate can enhance the carding action on the one hand, and reduce the generation of hair particles (commonly known as pilling) on the other hand.
  • the guide tube with the needle plate can be placed in the main splitting section of the opening roller for easy installation.
  • Figure 8 shows the arrangement of the individual opening rollers in an exemplary carding unit.
  • the arrangement of the opening rollers is perpendicular to the ground, and a total of 9 opening rollers are arranged in the plane from top to bottom.
  • the flat arrangement that is, the axis of each of the opening rollers is parallel to the ground.
  • the AO and the two adjacent rollers B l and C1 have the same length, and the length is denoted by L.
  • the lengths of the outer rollers B2 and C2 adjacent to the roller B C1 are shorter than L by a set length, and the set length is referred to as a stroke, and is denoted by ⁇ . Therefore, the length of the opening rollers B2, C2 is - ⁇ .
  • the length of the outer rollers B4, B3, C3, C4 on both sides is -2 ⁇ .
  • the remaining opening rollers are symmetrically arranged in the longitudinal direction of the carding unit, that is, the ends of the rollers of the same length are aligned, and the longer ends of the longer rollers extend the same length with respect to the shorter rollers, as shown in the figure. 8 is shown.
  • one end of the opening rollers B2, C2 is aligned with one end of the roller AO, and this end corresponds to the outlet end.
  • the rollers B2, C2 are axially reciprocated along their respective axes while rotating at their own speeds, thereby functioning as a transporting fiber. Therefore, the rolls B2, C2 are also referred to as transport rolls.
  • A0, B2, C2, B4, and C4 are referred to as even-numbered rolls, and B l, Cl, B3, and C3 are referred to as odd-numbered rolls.
  • the center roller and each of the rollers spaced apart on each side are referred to as even rollers, and the remaining rollers are referred to as odd rollers.
  • the center roller is numbered by 0, and the rollers on both sides are sequentially numbered by integers 1, 2, 3, ... from the center roller, and the odd-numbered rollers are called odd-numbered rollers, and the remaining rollers are called Even standard roller.
  • each roller rotates and the speed changes in the set mode.
  • the opening roller AO rotates at a low speed, and the opening shaft 12 of the feeding portion 2 performs the setting speed "rotation" to perform the large feed amount feeding (note that the surface speed of the opening shaft 12 is lower than that of the roller AO
  • the surface line speed) is such that the opening roller AO is stripped to the fibers on the needle surface of the opening shaft 12 in the feeding section.
  • the adjacent opening rollers B l, C1 are rotated at a high speed to peel off the fibers of the feeding section of the low-speed rotating opening roller AO and store them.
  • the index roller rotates at a high speed
  • the odd roller rotates at a low speed
  • the opening rollers B2, C2 move in the axial direction so that the feeding end is aligned with the feeding end of the opening roller AO, at this time, the opening rollers B2, C2 and the minute
  • the comb roller AO collectively strips the fibers of the opening section of the opening roller B C1, and the opening roller AO also peels off the opening shaft 12 (at this time, the opening shaft 12 performs low speed rotation and performs small feeding compared to the set speed. Feed of the amount).
  • the amount of fibers attached to the opening roller AO is large, and the needle gap of the opening rollers B2 and C2 is smaller than that of the opening roller.
  • the needle gap of the AO is clearer, so the amount of fibers of the stripping rollers B2, C2 stripping rollers B1, C1 is larger than the amount of fibers of the stripping rollers AO stripping rollers B1, C1, at which time the opening rollers A0, B2, C2 are simultaneously Strip the fibers and store. Then, the index roller is rotated at a low speed, the odd roller is rotated at a high speed, and the opening rollers B2, C2 are simultaneously moved in the axial direction so that the outlet end thereof is aligned with the outlet end of the opening roller AO.
  • the feeding ends of the opening rollers B2 and C2 are aligned with the feeding ends of the opening rollers B4, B3, C3 and C4 and are different from the feeding ends of the opening rollers B l, A0 and CI, and the opening rollers B3 and BK Cl, C3 strip the fibers on the opening rollers B2, C2 and store them, so the fibers currently stripped by the rolls B2, C2 are moved in the axial direction by one stroke. Then, the even roller is stripped of the odd roller, and the opening rollers B2 and C2 are returned in the axial direction to complete a motion cycle.
  • the transport rollers B2, C2 accelerate to rotate as they move toward the feed side to produce the effect of stripping and storing the fibers, and decelerate to rotate as they move toward the exit side to produce the effect of being stripped and releasing the fibers.
  • the fibers are moved from the feed side to the exit side for a period of time and gradually distributed to all the opening rollers 3 by the transport of the transport rollers B2, C2.
  • each stripping removes some coarse hair and impurities.
  • the fibers of the opening sections of the opening rollers B2 and C2 are only separated by the opening rollers B l , C1 stripping. Then, divide The comb rollers B2, C2 are moved axially toward the feed side such that their feed ends are aligned with the feed end of the carding roller AO, and the index roller rotates at a high speed to rotate the odd roller at a low speed.
  • the opening rollers B2, C2 Since the outlet ends of the opening rollers B2, C2 are aligned with the outlet ends of the opening rollers B4, B3, C3, C4 and shorter than the opening rollers B l, A0, CI, the opening rollers Bl, C1 are out.
  • the fibers in the machine section are only stripped by the opening roller AO and then fed out.
  • the transport rollers B2, C2 are shorter than the central roller AO by one stroke, and the range of the transport rollers B2, C2 reciprocating in the axial direction does not exceed the length of the central roller AO, so the bearings supporting the transport rollers B2, C2 can be combined with other opening rollers
  • the bearing of 3 is designed on a flat surface. This simplifies the wallboard structure and fluid components while also helping to simplify the design of the drive mechanism.
  • This design allows the coiler to be placed in the space beside the nose, reducing the footprint of the machine.
  • the above is a preferred design.
  • the principle of peeling off the low speed roller by the high speed roller can be used.
  • other motion modes different from the above motion modes can be designed to realize the carding.
  • the number of the opening rollers in each of the carding units is not limited to nine in the above examples.
  • CN1504594A discloses the case of using two opening rollers
  • CN2763294Y discloses the use of three opening rollers and five opening rollers. Case.
  • Fig. 1 shows an exemplary combing machine structure of the present invention.
  • the carding machine comprises: a carding portion composed of a box body and two carding units accommodated therein; a feeding portion for conveying the fluff to the carding portion; An outlet portion of the cardless transfer machine separated by the comb portion; and a driving portion for driving the carding unit to operate in a predetermined motion mode.
  • the two carding units are identical in composition and size, and are respectively disposed along two mutually parallel planes perpendicular to the bottom surface of the box, that is, the arrangement planes of the two carding units are perpendicular to the bottom surface of the box body. Parallel planes.
  • the axes of the respective opening rollers of the two carding units are parallel to the bottom surface of the casing (see Fig. 2).
  • the two carding units are aligned at the ends along the axis of the roller, thereby forming an intermediate recessed space in a rectangular shape in plan view between the two carding units and the box.
  • Each of the carding units respectively forms a two-sided object space which is rectangular in plan view between the side opposite to the intermediate object space and the box body.
  • the length of the two sides of the object space along the axial direction of the opening roller is shorter than the length of the intermediate object space, that is, the predetermined length is retracted at both ends, so that the space for placing the feeding portion and the outlet portion is left.
  • the two carding units and the feed portion 2 and the outlet portion 4, which are cooperated with each other, are completely mirror-symmetrically arranged, i.e., symmetric about the central axis of the intermediate portion 6 in the axial direction of the opening roller.
  • the tank leaves a leak port in a region adjacent to the feeding portion and the outlet portion, so that the feeding portion 2 and the outlet portion 4 are engaged with the carding portion.
  • the casing 28 also leaves an opening 26 for the shaft head 27 of each of the opening rollers 3.
  • the tank also has a connecting air duct for the draft tube 10 and a fan outside the tank. A falling pit can be set under the ground of the cabinet to facilitate cleaning.
  • the opening 26 for extending the shaft of each of the opening rollers, and the fan for making the draft tube 10 and the outside of the box The connecting duct and other necessary air leaks, the rest of the box is closed. In this way, the negative pressure can be generated by the action of the fan outside the tank.
  • the motion modes of the two carding units are reversed at the same time, that is, when the index roller of one carding unit rotates at a high speed to rotate the odd roller at a low speed, the other combing unit is odd. The roller rotates at a high speed and the index roller rotates at a low speed, and vice versa.
  • This preferred embodiment employs a double row double sided design in which the respective opening rollers 3 are highly symmetrically arranged since the number of the opening rollers 3 in the carding unit is an odd number.
  • each of the opening rollers 3 of the single carding unit generates a shifting load.
  • the double-row double-sided design makes the shifting loads of the opening rollers 3 of the two carding units correspond to each other, so that the energy released by the partial rollers during the high-speed-low-speed switching can be transmitted to the other part by the driving mechanism. - High speed converting rolls. Referring to FIG.
  • the opening 26 of the opening of the opening of the opening roller is horn-shaped, one end of the large opening of the opening is located on the surface of the box, and one end of the small opening of the opening is located in the box, and the opening and corresponding There is an annular gap between the shaft ends of the opening rollers. Since the opening rollers 3 are arranged in a vertical plane, the coarse hair falls to the falling objects 7 and the intermediate falling space 6 on both sides, and the short piles and the coarse hairs are easily floated in the air. The design of the carding portion is thus enclosed within a housing 28 such that a negative pressure is created within the housing 28 by the fan through the draft tube 10.
  • the annular gap between the opening 26 and the shaft head 27 causes the airflow generated by the negative pressure to blow off the lint and coarse hair that has floated toward the shaft head 27 of the opening roller 3, and is scooped out by the centrifugal force of the opening roller 3.
  • the driving portion of the present invention will be described below.
  • a person skilled in the art can implement a corresponding driving mechanism to realize the periodic operation of the carding unit.
  • An exemplary drive mechanism is described in conjunction with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the drive mechanism includes a handpiece 1 and a belt drive system.
  • the handpiece 1 is placed on one side of the outer casing of the carding section, and the belt drive system is located on the other side of the casing.
  • the head box includes an electric motor, a differential, a non-circular gear train, and a crank linkage mechanism.
  • the belt drive system includes a belt 5a and 5b for dividing the high speed roller and the low speed roller in the two carding units, that is, when the carding roller of one belt is rotated at a high speed, the other belt is dragged by the dragon belt.
  • the comb roller is rotated at a low speed and vice versa.
  • the head box extends out of the two drive spindles 15a and 15b, respectively, from below the two carding units through the closed tubular passage through the box, to the other side of the box to the belt drive system (see Figures 4, 5). , 8 ) .
  • the belts 5a and 5b are arranged on one side of the casing, one near the casing, and the other adjacent to it, as shown in Fig. 1, 5b is close to the casing, and 5a is adjacent to it. .
  • the belt 5b near the box is driven by a main shaft 15b, and the belt 5b drags the even label roller in the combing unit above the main shaft 15b and the odd roller in the other comb unit; the other belt 5a is The other main shaft 15a is driven, and the belt 5a drags the even-numbered roller in the carding unit above the main shaft 15a and the odd-numbered roller in the other card-splitting unit.
  • the dragon belt is wound around the pulley on the shaft head of the driven carding roller, and passes through the unwinding roller, and is wound around the guide wheel on the shaft of the opening roller.
  • Two guide wheels are provided near the main shaft for applying tension to the belt.
  • the transport roller that drives the carding unit by the crank link mechanism performs reciprocating movement in the axial direction.
  • the differential and non-circular gear trains are driven by the motor in the head 1.
  • the configuration of the differential and non-circular gear trains allows the main shaft to output the variable speed rotational power in accordance with a predetermined motion pattern, thereby driving the belts 5a, 5b through the main shafts 15a, 15b, respectively, to generate the shifting rotation of the opening rollers.
  • the belts 5a, 5b are driven by the pulleys of the shaft end of the opening roller 3 and the guide rollers to drive the adjacent two opening rollers 3 to accelerate and decelerate respectively, thereby generating a needle stripping function, thereby realizing the carding function.
  • the drive mechanism described above is merely an exemplary implementation. Other ways are also contemplated by those skilled in the art.
  • the feeding portion 2 employs an existing feeding device which is composed of a supporting reel 16, a feeding plate 14, a hair feeding roller 13 and a opening shaft 12, and the opening shaft 12 and the opening roller AO roller are The feed interval is adjacent.
  • the pre-carded and rolled rolls are placed on two support reels 16 by passing the sheets
  • the grip of the hair shaft 13 and the gripper 13 with a metal rack are combed by the opening shaft 12.
  • the opening shaft 12 and the opening roller AO needle are smoothly stripped.
  • the outlet portion 4 is composed of a coiler 23, a large pressure roller 22, a bundling unit 21, a small pressure roller 20, a dust cage 19, a fairing 17, and a high speed peeling roller 18.
  • a fairing is connected between the dust cage and the high speed stripping roller.
  • the high-speed stripping roller is adjacent to the outlet section of the opening roller AO, and the needle is stripped smoothly.
  • the working principle of the outlet portion 4 is as follows: When the fiber is moved to the exit section and stripped by the central roller AO, the high-speed stripping roller 18 is subjected to a large centrifugal force when the fibers of the central roller AO exit section are stripped. The fiber is pulled out under the action of the centrifugal force, and the fiber is attached to the surface of the dust cage under the action of the airflow of the suction dust cage 19, and is separated from the dust cage by the force of gravity and the pressure of the large pressure roller 22, and enters through the large pressure roller 22 of the buncher 21.
  • the coiler 23 is formed.
  • the two rows of opening rollers and the corresponding draft tube, feed portion, and outlet portion are completely mirror-symmetrically disposed. This is not only to double the combing efficiency and output, but more importantly, because the combing unit is symmetrically arranged, the rotational inertia of the two ends of the whole machine can be symmetrical, ensuring that the shifting loads of the opening rollers correspond to each other.
  • the variable speed energy can be converted by the drive system, which significantly reduces power consumption and achieves better operation.
  • a diversion tube composed of a curved surface is designed in the transfer area between each pair of adjacent opening rollers, and a plurality of air holes are distributed on the guide tube, so that a negative pressure gradation process is generated in the air passage of the guide tube.
  • the air-conducting guide tube can avoid defects such as rough hair flying, throwing out and returning to affect product quality. Moreover, the content of the fine pile in the falling object can be remarkably reduced, the primary extraction rate is remarkably improved, the efficiency of the carding machine is remarkably improved, and the use of the recycling machine is reduced. Because the recycling machine generally has a large damage to the fiber, reducing the use of the recycling machine reduces the overall damage.
  • the upsetting effect of the opening roller is related to the rotation speed of the opening roller. The higher the rotation speed, the larger the centrifugal force and the better the upsetting effect. However, when the opening speed of the opening roller is high, the content of the fine pile in the falling object is increased, the extraction rate is lowered once, and the efficiency of the carding machine is lowered.
  • the content of the fine pile in the falling object can be remarkably reduced, so that the content of the fine pile in the falling object is not significantly increased when the opening speed of the opening roller is high.
  • it can significantly improve the upsetting ability of the carding machine, increase the output and efficiency, and obtain high quality lint-free.
  • the two rows of opening rollers and the guiding tubes matched with the two rows of opening rollers are all located in the closed box, and an annular gap is left between the opening at the shaft end of each opening roller and the shaft of the opening roller, which is generated by the fan.
  • the negative pressure causes the coarse hair and the short pile in the closed box to not fly out of the box, and does not cause the opening of the opening roller shaft, omitting the complicated anti-wrap device, simplifying the structure and reducing the cost of the equipment.
  • a double-row double-sided symmetrical design of 18 opening rollers, wherein 12 of the opening rollers are reduced in length which can reduce the overall cost.
  • the invention adopts a carding roller and a high-speed stripping roller stripping machine, so that the fiber length damage can be significantly reduced, and the yarn fiber extraction rate can be improved.
  • the overall structure of the carding machine from the feeding to the exiting of the fluff is realized, and the technical problems of large length damage and low extraction rate of the velvet fiber in the carding of the existing carding machine are solved, and the technical problem is significantly improved.
  • the plush length and spinnability increase the extraction rate and quality of the plush, thereby increasing economic efficiency and significantly reducing the cost of the carding.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Description

一种分梳机 技术领域
本发明一般涉及纺织原料准备技术, 特别是涉及一种在分梳过程 中对绒毛纤维长度损伤小的分梳机。 背景技术
传统的绒毛一般使用盖板梳棉机、 罗拉梳理机或者这两种设备的 改型机构来进行分梳。 这两种机器的原理主要是利用盖板梳棉机的刺 辊或者罗拉梳理机的梳理环的多遍重复梳理作用来去除粗毛和杂质。 由于在原理和设备结构方面的限制, 经上述传统设备分梳后, 绒纤维 长度损伤较大, 无毛絨的质量受到限制, 影响了无毛绒的使用范围和 价值。 并且这些传统设备在分梳过程中产生大量短絨, 过短的绒纤维 回收困难, 降低了绒纤维的提取率, 增加了分梳成本。 本申请的发明人提出了一种低损伤的绒毛分梳方法及其相关联的 技术, 包括分梳单元的构造、 驱动机构、 喂入单元、 出机单元等, 见 专利号为 ZL0215463C4、 ZL20052000366A0 , ZL200520003175.4 ,
200420013025.7、 ZL200520003909.9 的有关内容。 这些专利所公幵的 内容通过引用并入本文, 作为参考。 这些已公开的技术中还存在一些 待改进和完善之处, 为了适应生产, 还需要解决一些技术问题。 例如, 上述技术中的分梳装置中的分梳辊在高速转动中产生高速气流, 在相 邻分梳辊的转入区形成高压, 影响了分梳效果。 另外, 在分梳设备中 各部件的布局和设置方面还需要进一步优化。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中存在的不足, 提 供一种能够降低绒纤维长度损伤, 提高绒纤维提取率和品质并且降低 成本的分梳机。 为了实现本发明的目的, 提出了一种分梳机, 用于从喂入的绒毛 中分离出满足预定规格的无毛绒。 所述分梳机包括: 分梳部分, 包括 箱体和容纳在其中的两个分梳单元; 喂入部分, 用于把所述绒毛输送 给所述分梳部分; 出机部分, 用于把所述分梳部分分离出的无毛绒转 移出机; 驱动部分, 用于驱动所述分梳单元按照预定的运动模式来运 行。 其中, 所述两个分梳单元的构成和尺寸相同并且分别沿着垂直于 所述箱体底面的两个相互平行的平面设置。 所述两个分梳单元的各分 梳辊的轴线与所述箱体底面平行, 所述两个分梳单元相互之间与所述 箱体共同形成俯视为矩形的中间落物空间, 每个分梳单元在与所述中 间落物空间相反的一侧与箱体之间形成俯视为矩形的两旁落物空间, 其中所述两旁落物空间沿所述分梳辊轴向较之所述中间落物空间在两 端都缩进预定的距离, 使得分别留出安置所述喂入部分和出机部分的 空间, 所述两个分梳单元连同各自配合的喂入部分及出机部分关于所 述中间落物空间沿分梳辊轴向的中轴线对称。 除了使所述箱体内外的 部件相互连接或配合的漏空口之外, 所述箱体的其余部分封闭, 使得 在箱体外安装的风机的作用下在所述箱体内产生负压。 其中, 所述分 梳单元包括多个分梳辊和相配合的导流筒, 所述分梳单元的多个分梳 辊分别在所述的相互平行的平面依次水平地从高到低依次相邻布置, 其中, 相邻分梳辊按针向相顺剥取作用来设置, 每个分梳辊的转动方 向与针向相同且相邻分梳辊的转动方向相反。 其中, 所述导流筒是靠 近每一对相邻分梳辊的转入区间沿分梳辊的轴向设置的中空直筒, 并 且在转入区间的两个端点处形成尖角, 所述导流筒靠近所述相邻分梳 辊的侧面与所述相邻分梳辊的转入区间相吻合并且分布有风孔, 其中 在导流筒的中空部分形成风道, 导流筒在一端与箱体外的风机相连, 在另一端封闭, 从而在所述风机的作用下在风道内形成负压。 附图说明
在下面将参照附图详细说明本发明的原理和优选的实施例。 其中 附图包括:
图 1是本发明的示例性整机结构俯视图。
图 2是分梳单元的结构示意图。
图 3是图 2的局部放大图。
图 4是传动轴 15a和龙带 5a与分梳辊配合的结构示意图。
图 5是传动轴 15b和龙带 5b与分梳辊配合的结构示意图。
图 6是喂入部分与分梳辊配合的结构示意图。
图 7是出机部分与分梳辊配合的结构示意图。
图 8是分梳辊的布置结构示意图。
图 9是分梳辊轴头及其伸出的开口的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
本领域技术人员能够理解, 下面描述的具体实施例应该被看作是 示例性和说明性的, 而不应该被看作是限制性的。
1.分梳单元的组成 - 本发明分梳机的分梳部分包括多个分梳单元。 图 8示出了一个示 例性分梳单元中各分梳辊布置的示意图, 图 2 示出了示例性分梳单元 从分梳辊的端部观看的视图, 图 3 示出了相邻的上下两个分梳辊从分 梳辊的端部观看的视图。 分梳辊是本领域传统使用的已知部件。 本发明使用的分梳辊 3是 由圆柱体包覆弹性针布 9而形成。 弹性针布 9上布置有密度不均匀分 布的钢针。 针布上弹性针布的钢针密度对应分梳辊的一端至另一端逐 渐加密。 所述钢针的一端固定在用来包缠辊的底布上, 另一端的指向 与辊的直径成一定角度。 本发明的分梳单元包括多个分梳辊。 多个分梳辊 3在一个平面上 沿辊的直径方向依次相邻排列。 所述平面称作分梳单元的布置平面。 也就是说, 分梳单元中各分梳辊的轴线是分梳单元的布置平面上的一 组平行线。 分梳辊表面与布置平面的最大距离就是辊 (截面) 的半径。 为了叙述方便, 把分梳单元沿分梳辊轴向的方向称作分梳单元的 长度方向, 把分梳单元在其布置平面上垂直于分梳辊轴线的方向称作 分梳单元的宽度方向, 把分梳单元沿垂直于布置平面的方向称作分梳 单元的厚度方向。 在分梳单元运行期间, 在驱动机构的驱动下, 各辊按设定的运动 模式绕其轴线变速转动。 并且其中设定的辊在变速转动的同时还做轴 向往复移动, 从而起运输纤维的作用。 在本发明中, 做轴向往复移动 的特定分梳辊被称作运输辊。 分梳单元中位于中间位置的分梳辊可称作中央辊。 在分梳单元具 有奇数个辊的情况下, 中央辊就是最中间位置的辊。 对于偶数个辊的 情况, 中央辊可以指定为最中间两个辊中的一个。 分梳辊沿轴向 (长度方向) 的一端作为喂入端, 另一端作为出机 端。 分梳辊辊面上自喂入端起沿轴向的预定长度称作喂入区间, 自出 机端起沿轴向的预定长度称作出机区间。 介于喂入区间和出机区间的 中间部分称作主分梳区间。 分梳单元中各分梳辊的喂入端都指向同一 方向。 沿辊的轴向, 喂入端所指的一侧称喂入侧, 出机端所指的一侧 称出机侧。 分梳单元从喂入侧接收输入的原料, 从出机侧输出满足预 定规格的无毛绒。 分梳单元中的相邻两个分梳辊 3 的转动方向相反, 辊上钢针的指 向 (简称针向) 与辊的转动方向一致。 这种设置在本领域中称作 "针 向相顺剥取作用" 。 相邻两个分梳辊 3 沿轴向的邻接线称作剥取线。 邻接线是虚拟线, 实际上, 相邻辊之间具有一定隔距。 对于两个相邻的分梳辊, 表面线速度较高的辊会剥取表面线速度 较低的辊上附着的纤维。 在下文中, 当谈及甲辊剥取乙辊上附着的纤 维, 可称甲辊剥取乙辊。 图 3 中所示一对相邻分梳辊的截面对应的两个圆之间实际上具有 一定隔距, 但可以不严格地认为这两个圆是相互外切。 过所述切点沿 分梳辊轴向的线就是所述的剥取线。 相邻两个分梳辊 3 自剥取线在布置平面的相应一侧向两边沿分梳 辊截面的圆周顺着辊的转动方向移动 90度的区间称作转出区间, 在布 置平面的另一侧逆着辊的转动方向移动 90度的区间称作转入区间。 转 入区间和转出区间都包括这两个辊的四分之一圆弧面。 从分梳辊的截 面看, 转入区间的两个端点分别对应两个分梳辊在布置平面相应一侧 的最远点, 转出区间的两个端点分别对应这两个分梳辊在布置平面另 一侧的最远点。 转入区间和转出区间的中点对应这两个分梳辊的切点。 图 3 中的箭头指示了分梳辊的转动方向, 从图中看, 从所述切点 分别朝两个辊的转动方向延伸的两个四分之一圆弧面区域就是转出区 间, 而这两个辊的沿分梳单元厚度方向在布置平面的另一侧与转出区 间相对的就是转入区间。 根据本发明, 靠近相邻分梳辊的转入区间沿分梳辊的轴向设置直 筒形的导流筒 10。 关于导流筒的细节在后面详细讨论。
2.导流筒
根据本发明, 在分梳单元中每对相邻分梳辊的转入区间沿辊的轴 向设置中空的导流筒。 导流筒是沿分梳辊轴向布置的直筒。 从导流筒 的截面看, 沿着靠转入区间的一侧是与辊的圆弧相吻合的凹弧。 导流 筒在凹弧的端点附近形成尖角, 起到分流粗细纤维的作用。 所述的凹 弧的尖角可以恰好对应转入区间的端点, 也可以延伸到超出转入区间 的位置, 或位于不超出转入区间的位置。 例如, 所述尖角的位置可位 于从剥取线的位置沿辊的弧面旋转到 80度至 100度之间的范围, 以适 应不同长度的纤维。 同时, 导流筒还利用中空部分的通道对分梳辊的转动所产生的高 速气流做引导, 使得消除或减轻气流对分梳的影响。 导流筒靠近所述 相邻分梳辊的凹弧与所述相邻分梳辊的转入区间相吻合并且分布有风 孔。 下面特别针对一种优选布置的分梳单元来描述一种优选的导流筒 的构造。 这种分梳单元中各分梳辊在一个竖直平面上水平排列。 由于分梳单元中的各分梳辊是上下排列的, 因此为了叙述方便, 当讨论两个相邻的分梳辊时, 在不引起混淆的情况下, 我们把这两个 相邻的分梳辊分别称作上辊和下辊。 转入 (转出) 区间位于上辊的端点称转入 (转出) 区间的上端, 位于下辊的端点称转入 (转出) 区间的下端。 图 3 示出了一种优选的导流筒, 相应分梳单元的布置平面垂直于 地面。 导流筒的截面是四个弧构成的封闭图形。 从所述封闭图形的外 周来看, 四个弧围成的所述封闭图形在靠近分梳辊的部分是与上辊的 四分之一圆周面相吻合的凹弧 a 和与下辊的四分之一圆周面相吻合的 凹弧 b。 分梳辊与导流筒之间具有一定间距。 所述封闭图形的其余部分 是位于下部的向上突起的凹弧 c 和远离所述相邻分梳辊向外突出的凸 弧 d。 弧 a和弧 d在上端形成尖角 A, 弧 b与弧 c在下端形成尖角 B, 并且弧 d与弧 c的接合处形成尖角 C。 导流筒靠近分梳辊 3的对应弧 a和 b的两个弧面上分布有风孔 8。 在导流筒 10的中空部分形成风道 1 1, 导流筒 10在对应分梳辊出机端 的一端与箱体外的风机相连 (或同时与集尘室相连) , 在另一端封闭, 从而在风机的作用下在风道 1 1内形成负压。 分梳辊 3在高速转动时表面带有高速气流而形成气流附面层, 在 弧 a和 d对应的两个弧面的交线的尖角 A处分流上辊 3的气流附面层, 使得粗毛落下, 而较细的绒毛在弧面 a 防护下被移向剥取线。 弧面 d 的下端部的切线垂直于地面便于粗毛落下。弧面 c与弧面 b的交线的尖 角 B处分流下分梳辊 3的气流附面层, 在气流的作用下粗毛沿弧 c对 应的弧面运动, 在弧面 c与弧面 d的交线的尖角 C处粗毛沿弧面 c的 切线向斜下方坠落。 相邻分梳辊 3 的高速气流在转入区间附近的区域汇合并形成高压 而影响分梳效果。 导流筒 10所形成的风道 1 1 连接到风机, 风机产生 的负压通过弧面 &、 b上的风孔 8吸入转入区的高压气流。 由于纤维在 喂入端附近蓬松度较差, 随着纤维向出机端的移动蓬松度逐渐加大, 纤维在出机端附近蓬松度最好, 因此从喂入端到出机端落物中细绒毛 的含量逐渐加大。 由于导流筒 10所形成的风道 1 1 在出机端连接到箱 体外的风机 (可同时连接到集尘室) , 可以形成导流筒 10 的风道 1 1 内的负压从喂入端到出机端逐渐加大, 以适应纤维蓬松度的变化。 在优选的实施例中, 在导流筒朝向分梳辊的两个凹弧面上接近剥 取线的位置设置沿辊轴向延伸的条状针板 24和针板座 25。这种针板可 以使用传统棉紡设备上采用的固定盖板。 设置这样的针板一方面可以 加强分梳作用, 另一方面可以减少毛粒的产生 (俗称起球) 。 带有针 板的导流筒可设置在分梳辊的主分梳区间, 以便于安装。
3.分梳单元的运动模式
下面, 描述一种特定分梳单元的特定运动模式。 图 8示出了一种示例性分梳单元中各分梳辊的排列方式。 分梳辊 的布置平面垂直于地面, 共 9 个分梳辊在布置平面上从上至下依次水 平布置, 即各分梳辊的轴线与所述地面平行。 位于中间位置的中央辊
AO和与之相邻的两个辊 B l、 C1长度相同, 该长度记为 L。 分别与辊 B C1相邻的较外侧辊 B2、 C2的长度较 L短一个设定的长度, 该设 定的长度称作动程, 记为 Δ。 因此分梳辊 B2、 C2的长度为 - Δ。 而两 边更外侧的辊 B4、 B3、 C3、 C4的长度为 - 2Δ。 除辊 Β2和 C2外, 其余各分梳辊在分梳单元的长度方向上对称布 置, 即同样长度的辊端部对齐, 并且较长辊相对较短辊的两端延伸同 样的长度, 如图 8所示。 在初始, 分梳辊 B2、 C2的一端与辊 AO的一端对齐, 这一端对应 出机端。 在分梳单元的运行期间, 辊 B2、 C2在自身变速转动的同时又 沿各自的轴线作轴向往复移动, 从而起到运输纤维的作用。 因此, 辊 B2、 C2也被称作运输辊。 为了叙述方便, 把 A0、 B2、 C2、 B4、 C4称作偶标辊, 把 B l、 Cl、 B3、 C3称作奇标辊。 一般地说, 对于分梳单元中的一组分梳辊, 中央辊与两旁每间隔一个的各辊称作偶标辊, 其余的辊称作奇标辊。 或者可以说, 中央辊用 0 来编号, 从中央辊开始对两旁各辊分别依次 用整数 1、 2、 3、 …来编号, 把奇数编号的辊称作奇标辊, 而其余的辊 称作偶标辊。 在运行时, 每个辊转动, 并且转速按设定的模式变化。 在一个分 梳单元中, 所有偶标辊的转动变速规律相同, 所有奇标辊的转动变速 规律相同。 当偶标辊变高速转动时奇标辊变低速转动, 反之当偶标辊 变低速转动时奇标辊变高速转动。 下面结合附图 8和图 6来讨论按上述布置的特定分梳单元的一种 运动模式。 在初始, 分梳辊 AO低速转动, 喂入部分 2的开毛轴 12执行设定 速度《的转动以执行大喂入量喂入 (注意开毛轴 12的表面线速度要低 于辊 AO的表面线速度) , 从而使得分梳辊 AO在喂入区间剥取到开毛 轴 12针面上的纤维。 此时相邻的分梳辊 B l、 C1高速转动以剥取低速 转动的分梳辊 AO的喂入区间的纤维并储存。 然后, 偶标辊高速转动, 奇标辊低速转动, 同时分梳辊 B2、 C2沿轴向移动使其喂入端与分梳辊 AO的喂入端对齐, 此时分梳辊 B2、 C2和分梳辊 AO共同剥取分梳辊 B C1喂入区间的纤维, 同时分梳辊 AO还剥取开毛轴 12 (此时开毛 轴 12较之所述设定速度 执行低速转动且执行小喂入量的喂入) 。 此 时分梳辊 AO 上附着的纤维量较大, 分梳辊 B2、 C2 的针隙比分梳辊
AO的针隙更清晰, 因此分梳辊 B2、 C2剥取辊 B l、 C1 的纤维量大于 分梳辊 AO剥取辊 B l、 C1的纤维量, 此时分梳辊 A0、 B2、 C2同时剥 取纤维并储存。 然后, 偶标辊变低速转动, 奇标辊变高速转动, 而且 分梳辊 B2、 C2同时沿轴向移动使得其出机端与分梳辊 AO的出机端对 齐。 此时分梳辊 B2、 C2喂入端与分梳辊 B4、 B3、 C3、 C4喂入端对 齐而与分梳辊 B l、 A0、 CI喂入端差一个动程, 分梳辊 B3、 B K Cl、 C3剥取分梳辊 B2、 C2上的纤维并储存, 因此辊 B2、 C2当前剥取到 的纤维沿轴向移动了一个动程。 然后, 偶标辊剥取奇标辊, 同时分梳 辊 B2、 C2沿轴向返回, 完成一个运动周期。 概括地说, 运输辊 B2、 C2 向喂入侧移动时加速转动以产生剥取 并储存纤维的效果, 向出机侧移动时减速转动以产生被剥取并释放纤 维的效果。 这样周而复始地通过运输辊 B2、 C2的运输作用把纤维从喂 入侧向出机侧一段一段地移动并且逐渐分布到所有分梳辊 3。 在运行 时, 每一次的剥取都会去除一些粗毛和杂质。 当分梳辊 B2、 C2完全分布纤维并且它们的出机端与分梳辊 AO的 出机端对齐时, 偶标辊变低速转动而奇标辊变高速转动。 由于分梳辊 B4、 B3、 C3、 C4出机端比分梳辊 B l、 A0、 CI出机端短一个动程, 所 以分梳辊 B2、 C2出机区间的纤维只被分梳辊 B l、 C1剥取。 然后, 分 梳辊 B2、 C2沿轴向朝喂入侧移动使得它们的喂入端与分梳辊 AO的喂 入端对齐, 并且偶标辊高速转动奇标辊低速转动。 由于此时分梳辊 B2、 C2 的出机端与分梳辊 B4、 B3、 C3、 C4 出机端对齐而比分梳辊 B l、 A0、 CI短一个动程, 所以分梳辊 Bl、 C1出机区间的纤维只被分梳辊 AO剥取而后输送出机。 运输辊 B2、 C2比中央辊 AO短一个动程, 运输辊 B2、 C2沿轴向 往复移动的范围不会超出中央辊 AO的长度, 因此支撑运输辊 B2、 C2 的轴承可以和其它分梳辊 3 的轴承设计在一个平面上。 这样就能够简 化墙板结构和流体构件, 同时也有助于简化驱动机构的设计。 这种设 计可以将圈条器布置在机头旁的空间, 减少了整机的占地面积。 上面所述是一种优选的设计。 实际上, 利用高速辊可以剥取低速 辊的这一原理, 按照上述的思想, 还可以设计出与上述运动模式不同 的其他运动模式来实现分梳。 而且各分梳单元中分梳辊的数量也不限 于上述例子中的 9个, 例如, CN1504594A公开了使用两个分梳辊的情 况, CN2763294Y公开了使用 3个分梳辊和 5个分梳辊的情况。
4.一种整机结构
图 1 示出了本发明的一种示例性的分梳机整机结构。 这种分梳机 包括: 由箱体和容纳在其中的两个分梳单元构成的分梳部分; 用于把 所述绒毛输送给所述分梳部分的喂入部分; 用于把所述分梳部分分离 出的无毛绒转移出机的出机部分; 和用于驱动所述分梳单元按照预定 的运动模式来运行的驱动部分。 所述两个分梳单元的构成和尺寸相同, 并且分别沿着垂直于所述 箱体底面的两个相互平行的平面设置, 即两个分梳单元的布置平面是 垂直于箱体底面的相互平行的平面。 并且两个分梳单元的各分梳辊的 轴线与箱体底面平行 (参见图 2 ) 。 两个分梳单元沿辊的轴线在端部对齐, 从而在两个分梳单元之间 和箱体共同形成俯视为矩形的中间落物空间。 每个分梳单元在与所述 中间落物空间相反的一侧与箱体之间分别形成俯视为矩形的两旁落物 空间。 两个两旁落物空间沿分梳辊轴向的长度短于中间落物空间的长 度, 即在两端都缩进预定的长度, 使得留出安置喂入部分及出机部分 的空间。 两个分梳单元和与各自配合的喂入部分 2及出机部分 4完全镜像 对称设置, 即关于中间落物空间 6沿分梳辊轴向的中轴线对称。 所述箱体在与喂入部分与出机部分相邻的区域留有漏空口, 使得 喂入部分 2和出机部分 4与分梳部分配合。 箱体 28还为每个分梳辊 3 的轴头 27留出开口 26。 箱体还留有导流筒 10与箱体外的风机的连接 风道。 箱体的地面下可设置落物地坑, 以便于清理。 除了使所述喂入部分和出机部分与所述分梳部分相配合的漏空 口、 使每个分梳辊轴头伸出的开口 26 以及使所述导流筒 10与箱体外 的风机的连接风道以及其他必要的漏空口, 所述箱体的其余部分封闭。 这样, 就可以通过箱体外的风机的作用来产生负压。 在一个优选实施例中, 两个分梳单元的运动模式在相同时间是反 相的, 也就是当一个分梳单元的偶标辊高速转动奇标辊低速转动时, 另一个分梳单元的奇标辊高速转动而偶标辊低速转动, 反之亦然。 这种优选实施例采用双列双面设计, 由于分梳单元中的分梳辊 3 数量是奇数, 各分梳辊 3 高度对称布置。 在变速转动的情况下, 单个 分梳单元的各分梳辊 3 产生变速负荷。 而这种双列双面的设计使得两 个分梳单元的分梳辊 3 的变速负荷彼此对应, 因此可通过驱动机构把 部分辊在高速-低速转换时释放的能量传递给另一部分正做低速 -高速 转换的辊。 参见图 9, 其中分梳辊轴头伸出的开口 26是喇叭状, 所述开口的 大口的一端位于箱体的表面, 所述开白条口的小口一端位于箱体内, 并且所述开口与相应分梳辊的轴头之间具有环状间隙。 由于分梳辊 3是沿竖直平面排列, 粗毛向两侧落物空间 7和中间 落物空间 6 坠落, 短绒和粗毛易飘浮在空中。 因此设计分梳部分封闭 在一个箱体 28内,使得利用风机通过导流筒 10在箱体 28内产生负压。 这样, 开口 26与轴头 27之间的环状间隙使负压产生的气流吹去飘向 分梳辊 3轴头 27的短绒和粗毛,并且在分梳辊 3的离心力作用下甩出。 这样就可以防止轴头 27缠毛, 省略了类似于梳毛机的那种复杂的防缠 装置, 优化了设计并降低了造价。 下面说明本发明的驱动部分。 对于分梳单元的设定布置和预定的运行模式, 本领域人员可实现 相应的驱动机构来实现分梳单元的周期性运行。 结合本发明的优选实施例描述一种示例性的驱动机构。再参见图 1 以及图 4和图 5。 驱动机构包括机头 1和龙带传动系统。机头 1置于分 梳部分的箱体外的一侧, 而龙带传动系统则位于箱体外的另一侧。 机 头箱包括电动机、 差速器、 非圆齿轮系、 曲柄连杆机构。 龙带传动系 统包括龙带 5a和 5b, 用于划分两个分梳单元中的高速辊和低速辊, 即 当一条龙带拖动的分梳辊高速转动时, 另一条龙带拖动的分梳辊是低 速转动, 反之亦然。 机头箱延伸出两根驱动主轴 15a和 15b,分别从两个分梳单元的下 方通过封闭的管状通道穿过箱体, 至箱体另一侧与龙带传动系统相连 (参见图 4、 5、 8 ) 。 参见图 1 以及图 4和 5, 龙带 5a和 5b布置在箱体的一侧, 一个靠 近箱体, 另一个与之邻接布置, 如图 1所示, 5b靠近箱体, 5a与之邻 接布置。 靠近箱体的龙带 5b由一根主轴 15b驱动, 而龙带 5b拖动主 轴 15b 上方的分梳单元中的偶标辊和另一个分梳单元中的奇标辊; 另 一龙带 5a由另一根主轴 15a驱动,而龙带 5a拖动主轴 15a上方的分梳 单元中的偶标辊和另一分梳单元中的奇标辊。 龙带绕在被拖动分梳辊 的轴头上的皮带轮上, 经过不被拖动的分梳辊时, 绕在活套在该分梳 辊轴头上的导向轮上。 在主轴附近设置两个导向轮, 用于对龙带施加 张力。 利用曲柄连杆机构驱动分梳单元的运输辊做沿轴向的往复移动。 机器运行时, 由机头 1 内的电动机驱动差速器和非圆齿轮系。 差 速器和非圆齿轮系的构造使得主轴可按照预定的运动模式来输出变速 旋转动力, 从而通过主轴 15a、 15b分别驱动龙带 5a、 5b以产生分梳辊 的变速转动。 龙带 5a、 5b通过分梳辊 3轴端的皮带轮以及导向轮驱动 相邻的两个分梳辊 3 分别加速和减速旋转, 产生针向相顺剥取作用, 从而实现分梳功能。 以上说明的驱动机构仅仅是一种示例性实现方式。 本领域人员还 可想到其他的方式。 例如可利用步进马达、 液压装置甚至结合可编程 的数控装置来实现驱动机构。 下面说明喂入部分和出机部分。 参见图 6, 喂入部分 2采用了现有的喂入装置, 它由托卷轴 16、 给毛板 14、 给毛罗拉 13和开毛轴 12组成, 开毛轴 12与分梳辊 AO辊 的喂入区间相邻。 经过予梳理并成卷的毛卷被放置在两个托卷轴 16上,通过给毛板 14和包有金属齿条的给毛罗拉 13的握持通过开毛轴 12进行梳理。 开 毛轴 12与分梳辊 AO针向相顺剥取作用。开毛轴 12表面最大线速度小 于分梳辊 AO表面最小线速度, 使得开毛轴 12针面上的绒纤维被分梳 辊 AO剥取, 从而完成喂入。 参见图 7, 出机部分 4是由圈条器 23、 大压辊 22、 集束器 21、 小 压辊 20、 尘笼 19、 整流罩 17、 高速剥毛辊 18 构成。 其中, 尘笼至高 速剥毛辊之间连接有整流罩。 高速剥毛辊与分梳辊 AO 的出机区间相 邻, 并且针向相顺剥取作用。 出机部分 4 的工作原理如下: 当纤维移动到出机区间并且被中央 辊 AO剥取到时, 高速剥毛辊 18剥取中央辊 AO出机区间的纤维时纤 维受到很大离心力的作用, 在离心力的作用下纤维被甩出, 纤维在吸 入尘笼 19 的气流作用下贴附在尘笼表面, 在重力和大压辊 22张力作 用下脱离尘笼, 通过集束器 21大压辊 22进入圈条器 23成形。
5.本发明的有益效果
在本发明的优选实施例中, 将两列分梳辊和相应的导流筒、 喂入 部分、 出机部分完全镜像对称设置。 这不仅仅是为了使分梳效率和产 量提高一倍, 更重要的, 由于分梳单元对称布置, 可使整机传动变速 的两端转动惯量对称, 确保了分梳辊的变速负荷相互对应, 通过驱动 系统可以实现变速能量的转换, 显著减少动力消耗, 获得更好的运行 效果。 在每对相邻分梳辊之间的转入区设计了由弧面构成的导流筒, 导 流筒上又分布了很多风孔, 使导流筒的风道内产生一个负压渐变过程, 可以吸风的导流筒能够避免粗毛乱飞、 甩出又返回而影响产品质量的 缺陷。 并且可以显著地减少落物中细绒的含量, 显著地提高一次提取 率, 显著地提高分梳机的效率, 减少了回收机的使用。 因为回收机一 般都对纤维损伤较大, 减少回收机的使用也就降低了整体损伤。 分梳辊的甩粗效果与分梳辊的转速有关, 转速越高离心力越大, 甩粗效果越好。 但是分梳辊转速高时落物中细绒的含量增加, 一次提 取率降低, 分梳机的效率降低。 由于使用本发明的带有负压渐变、 可 以吸风的导流筒, 可以显著地减少落物中细绒的含量, 因此分梳辊转 速高时落物中细绒的含量增加并不显著, 却可以显著提高分梳机的甩 粗能力, 提高产量和效率, 获得高品质的无毛绒。 两列分梳辊以及与两列分梳辊配合的导流筒全部位于封闭箱体 内, 每个分梳辊轴头处的开口与分梳辊轴头之间留有环状间隙, 由风 机产生的负压作用使封闭箱体内的粗毛、 短绒不会飞出箱体外, 更不 会使分梳辊轴头缠毛, 省略了复杂的防缠装置, 简化了结构, 降低了 设备的造价。 还有, 例如对 18个分梳辊的双列双面对称设计, 其中 12 个分梳辊减少了长度, 可使整机造价降低。 本发明采用分梳辊和高速剥毛辊剥取出机, 这样就可以显著降低 纤维长度损伤, 提高绒纤维提取率。 通过本发明的设计, 实现了绒毛从喂入到出机的分梳机的整体结 构, 解决了现有分梳机分梳中存在的长度损伤大、 绒纤维提取率低的 技术问题, 显著提高了无毛绒的长度和可纺性, 提高了无毛絨的提取 率和品质, 因此提高了经济效益, 并且显著降低了分梳成本。 尽管己经参照特定的具体实施例描述了本发明, 但是在不偏离如 权利要求所定义的本发明的范围和精神的前提下, 本发明的各种修改、 改型和部件替换对本领域的技术人员是显而易见的。

Claims

1. 一种分梳机, 用于从喂入的绒毛中分离出满足预定规格的无毛 绒, 包括:
分梳部分, 包括箱体和容纳在其中的两个分梳单元;
喂入部分, 用于把所述绒毛输送给所述分梳部分;
出机部分, 用于把所述分梳部分分离出的无毛绒转移出机; 驱动部分, 用于驱动所述分梳单元按照预定的运动模式来运行, 其特征是: 所述两个分梳单元的构成和尺寸相同并且分别沿着垂 直于所述箱体底面的两个相互平行的平面设置, 所述两个分梳单元的 各分梳辊的轴线与所述箱体底面平行, 所述两个分梳单元相互之间与 所述箱体共同形成俯视为矩形的中间落物空间, 每个分梳单元在与所 述中间落物空间相反的一侧与箱体之间形成俯视为矩形的两旁落物空 间,
除了使所述箱体内外的部件相互连接或配合的漏空口之外, 所述 箱体的其余部分封闭, 使得在箱体外安装的风机的作用下在所述箱体 内产生负压,
其中, 所述分梳单元包括多个分梳辊和相配合的导流筒, 所述分 梳单元的多个分梳辊分别在所述的相互平行的平面依次水平地从高到 低依次相邻布置, 其中, 相邻分梳辊按针向相顺剥取作用来设置, 每 个分梳辊的转动方向与针向相同且相邻分梳辊的转动方向相反,
其中, 所述导流筒是靠近每一对相邻分梳辊的转入区间沿分梳辊 的轴向设置的中空直筒, 并且在转入区间的两个端点附近形成尖角, 所述导流筒靠近所述相邻分梳辊的侧面与所述相邻分梳辊的转入区间 相吻合并且分布有风孔, 其中在导流筒的中空部分形成风道, 导流筒 在一端与箱体外的风机相连, 在另一端封闭, 从而在所述风机的作用 下在风道内形成负压。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的分梳机, 其特征是所述分梳辊的轴头从所 述箱体伸出的开口是喇叭状, 所述开口的大口一端位于箱体的表面, 所述开口的小口一端位于箱体内, 并且所述开口与相应分梳辊的轴头 之间具有环状间隙。
3. 如权利要求 2所述的分梳机, 其特征是所述导流筒的截面是四 个弧围成的封闭图形, 包括与所述相邻分梳辊的较上辊吻合的上弧、 与所述相邻分梳辊的较下辊吻合的下弧, 位于下方且朝上突起的底弧 以及远离所述相邻分梳辊突出的侧弧, 所述侧弧在下端处的切线与地 面垂直。
4. 如权利要求 3所述的分梳机, 其特征是在所述导流筒朝向分梳 辊的两个凹弧面上接近相应的相邻分梳辊的剥取线的位置设置沿辊轴 向延伸的条状针板。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的分梳机, 其特征是所述条状针板是传统棉 纺设备上采用的固定盖板。
6. 如权利要求 5所述的分梳机, 其特征是每个所述分梳单元中分 梳辊的数量是 9个。
7. 如权利要求 6所述的分梳机, 其特征是所述分梳单元通过位于 中间位置的中央辊来接受喂入的绒毛, 并通过设定的运输辊沿轴向移 动绒毛, 所述运输辊的长度较之所述中央辊的长度短设定的长度。
8 . 如权利要求 7所述的分梳机, 其特征是所述两旁落物空间沿所 述分梳辊轴向较之所述中间落物空间在两端都縮进预定的距离, 使得 分别留出安置所述喂入部分和出机部分的空间, 所述两个分梳单元连 同各自配合的喂入部分及出机部分关于所述中间落物空间沿分梳辊轴 向的中轴线对称,
9. 如权利要求 8所述的分梳机, 其特征是所述驱动部分包括机头 部分和龙带传动系统, 所述机头部分位于所述箱体外分梳辊轴向所指 的一侧, 所述龙带传动系统位于所述箱体外的相对的另一侧, 二者通 过驱动主轴相连,
其中, 所述机头部分包括电动机、 差速器、 非圆齿轮系, 所述差 速器和非圆齿轮系的构造使得可按照预定运动模式通过所述驱动主轴 来输出变速旋转动力,
所述龙带传动系统包括两条龙带, 根据所述的预定运动模式分别 绕在所述两个分数单元的相应分梳辊的轴头皮带轮上, 使得当一条龙 带拖动的分梳辊高速转动时, 另一条龙带拖动的分梳辊是低速转动, 反之亦然。
10. 如权利要求 9所述的分梳机, 其特征是所述机头部分还包括 曲柄连杆机构, 所述曲柄连杆机构用于驱动所述两个分梳单元的运输 辊的轴向往复移动。
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